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Casarella S, Ferla F, Di Francesco D, Canciani E, Rizzi M, Boccafoschi F. Focal Adhesion's Role in Cardiomyocytes Function: From Cardiomyogenesis to Mechanotransduction. Cells 2024; 13:664. [PMID: 38667279 PMCID: PMC11049660 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the ability of cells to sense mechanical stimuli and convert them into biochemical signals. In this context, the key players are focal adhesions (FAs): multiprotein complexes that link intracellular actin bundles and the extracellular matrix (ECM). FAs are involved in cellular adhesion, growth, differentiation, gene expression, migration, communication, force transmission, and contractility. Focal adhesion signaling molecules, including Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), integrins, vinculin, and paxillin, also play pivotal roles in cardiomyogenesis, impacting cell proliferation and heart tube looping. In fact, cardiomyocytes sense ECM stiffness through integrins, modulating signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin. Moreover, FAK/Src complex activation mediates cardiac hypertrophic growth and survival signaling in response to mechanical loads. This review provides an overview of the molecular and mechanical mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between FAs and cardiac differentiation, as well as the role of FA-mediated mechanotransduction in guiding cardiac muscle responses to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casarella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Federica Ferla
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elena Canciani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
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2
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Cao S, Buchholz KS, Tan P, Stowe JC, Wang A, Fowler A, Knaus KR, Khalilimeybodi A, Zambon AC, Omens JH, Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD. Differential sensitivity to longitudinal and transverse stretch mediates transcriptional responses in mouse neonatal ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H370-H384. [PMID: 38063811 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
To identify how cardiomyocyte mechanosensitive signaling pathways are regulated by anisotropic stretch, micropatterned mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes were stretched primarily longitudinally or transversely to the myofiber axis. Four hours of static, longitudinal stretch induced differential expression of 557 genes, compared with 30 induced by transverse stretch, measured using RNA-seq. A logic-based ordinary differential equation model of the cardiac myocyte mechanosignaling network, extended to include the transcriptional regulation and expression of 784 genes, correctly predicted measured expression changes due to anisotropic stretch with 69% accuracy. The model also predicted published transcriptional responses to mechanical load in vitro or in vivo with 63-91% accuracy. The observed differences between transverse and longitudinal stretch responses were not explained by differential activation of specific pathways but rather by an approximately twofold greater sensitivity to longitudinal stretch than transverse stretch. In vitro experiments confirmed model predictions that stretch-induced gene expression is more sensitive to angiotensin II and endothelin-1, via RhoA and MAP kinases, than to the three membrane ion channels upstream of calcium signaling in the network. Quantitative cardiomyocyte gene expression differs substantially with the axis of maximum principal stretch relative to the myofilament axis, but this difference is due primarily to differences in stretch sensitivity rather than to selective activation of mechanosignaling pathways.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Anisotropic stretch applied to micropatterned neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes induced markedly greater acute transcriptional responses when the major axis of stretch was parallel to the myofilament axis than when it was transverse. Analysis with a novel quantitative network model of mechanoregulated cardiomyocyte gene expression suggests that this difference is explained by higher cell sensitivity to longitudinal loading than transverse loading than by the activation of differential signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Kyle S Buchholz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Philip Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Jennifer C Stowe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ariel Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Annabelle Fowler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Katherine R Knaus
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Alexander C Zambon
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Omens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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3
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Di X, Gao X, Peng L, Ai J, Jin X, Qi S, Li H, Wang K, Luo D. Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:282. [PMID: 37518181 PMCID: PMC10387486 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and metabolism. Typical mechanical cues in organisms include hydrostatic pressure, fluid shear stress, tensile force, extracellular matrix stiffness or tissue elasticity, and extracellular fluid viscosity. Mechanotransduction has been expected to trigger multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration. However, prolonged excessive mechanical stimulation can result in pathological processes, such as multi-organ fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Although the associations between mechanical cues and normal tissue homeostasis or diseases have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms among different mechanical cues are not yet comprehensively illustrated, and no effective therapies are currently available targeting mechanical cue-related signaling. This review systematically summarizes the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of typical mechanical cues in normal conditions and diseases with the updated evidence. The key effectors responding to mechanical stimulations are listed, such as Piezo channels, integrins, Yes-associated protein (YAP) /transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). We also reviewed the key signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and cutting-edge clinical applications of diseases related to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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4
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Scott AK, Rafuse M, Neu CP. Mechanically induced alterations in chromatin architecture guide the balance between cell plasticity and mechanical memory. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1084759. [PMID: 37143893 PMCID: PMC10151697 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1084759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, or adaptability, of a cell determines its ability to survive and function within changing cellular environments. Changes in the mechanical environment, ranging from stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to physical stress such as tension, compression, and shear, are critical environmental cues that influence phenotypic plasticity and stability. Furthermore, an exposure to a prior mechanical signal has been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in modulating phenotypic changes that persist even after the mechanical stimulus is removed, creating stable mechanical memories. In this mini review, our objective is to highlight how the mechanical environment alters both phenotypic plasticity and stable memories through changes in chromatin architecture, mainly focusing on examples in cardiac tissue. We first explore how cell phenotypic plasticity is modulated in response to changes in the mechanical environment, and then connect the changes in phenotypic plasticity to changes in chromatin architecture that reflect short-term and long-term memories. Finally, we discuss how elucidating the mechanisms behind mechanically induced chromatin architecture that lead to cell adaptations and retention of stable mechanical memories could uncover treatment methods to prevent mal-adaptive permanent disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne K. Scott
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Michael Rafuse
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Corey P. Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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5
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Cardiac Differentiation Promotes Focal Adhesions Assembly through Vinculin Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032444. [PMID: 36768766 PMCID: PMC9916732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the cardiovascular system are physiologically exposed to a variety of mechanical forces fundamental for both cardiac development and functions. In this context, forces generated by actomyosin networks and those transmitted through focal adhesion (FA) complexes represent the key regulators of cellular behaviors in terms of cytoskeleton dynamism, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and tissue organization. In this study, we investigated the involvement of FAs on cardiomyocyte differentiation. In particular, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family, which are known to be involved in cardiac differentiation, were studied. Results revealed that differentiation conditions induce an upregulation of both FAK-Tyr397 and vinculin, resulting also in the translocation to the cell membrane. Moreover, the role of mechanical stress in contractile phenotype expression was investigated by applying a uniaxial mechanical stretching (5% substrate deformation, 1 Hz frequency). Morphological evaluation revealed that the cell shape showed a spindle shape and reoriented following the stretching direction. Substrate deformation resulted also in modification of the length and the number of vinculin-positive FAs. We can, therefore, suggest that mechanotransductive pathways, activated through FAs, are highly involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation, thus confirming their role during cytoskeleton rearrangement and cardiac myofilament maturation.
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Hu Q, Bian Q, Rong D, Wang L, Song J, Huang HS, Zeng J, Mei J, Wang PY. JAK/STAT pathway: Extracellular signals, diseases, immunity, and therapeutic regimens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1110765. [PMID: 36911202 PMCID: PMC9995824 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase/signal transduction and transcription activation (JAK/STAT) pathways were originally thought to be intracellular signaling pathways that mediate cytokine signals in mammals. Existing studies show that the JAK/STAT pathway regulates the downstream signaling of numerous membrane proteins such as such as G-protein-associated receptors, integrins and so on. Mounting evidence shows that the JAK/STAT pathways play an important role in human disease pathology and pharmacological mechanism. The JAK/STAT pathways are related to aspects of all aspects of the immune system function, such as fighting infection, maintaining immune tolerance, strengthening barrier function, and cancer prevention, which are all important factors involved in immune response. In addition, the JAK/STAT pathways play an important role in extracellular mechanistic signaling and might be an important mediator of mechanistic signals that influence disease progression, immune environment. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of the JAK/STAT pathways, which provides ideas for us to design more drugs targeting diseases based on the JAK/STAT pathway. In this review, we discuss the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in mechanistic signaling, disease progression, immune environment, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qihui Bian
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dingchao Rong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leiyun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianan Song
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Department of Research, Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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7
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Lionetti MC, Fumagalli MR, La Porta CAM. Nuclear Biophysical Changes during Human Melanoma Plasticity. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 213:120-132. [PMID: 36509081 DOI: 10.1159/000528601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor plasticity is an emerging property of tumor cells which allows them to change their phenotype in dependence on the environment. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays a crucial role in helping cells acquire a more aggressive phenotype when they are in the mesenchymal state. Herein, we investigated the biophysical changes occurring during phenotypic switching in human melanoma cells, considering the blebbiness of the nuclei, their stiffness, and the involvement of polycombs with lamins. We show that the formation of cellular heterogeneity involves many crucial nuclear changes including the interaction between different types of polycombs with lamins and chromosome accessibility. Altogether, our results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of a heterogeneous cell population during phenotypic switching. In particular, our results show that phenotypic switching in melanoma involves chromatin remodeling changing the transcriptional activity of cells and consequently their phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Biophysics Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina A M La Porta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Biophysics Institute, Genoa, Italy
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8
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Zheng J, Wyse Jackson T, Fortier LA, Bonassar LJ, Delco ML, Cohen I. STRAINS: A big data method for classifying cellular response to stimuli at the tissue scale. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278626. [PMID: 36480531 PMCID: PMC9731430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular response to stimulation governs tissue scale processes ranging from growth and development to maintaining tissue health and initiating disease. To determine how cells coordinate their response to such stimuli, it is necessary to simultaneously track and measure the spatiotemporal distribution of their behaviors throughout the tissue. Here, we report on a novel SpatioTemporal Response Analysis IN Situ (STRAINS) tool that uses fluorescent micrographs, cell tracking, and machine learning to measure such behavioral distributions. STRAINS is broadly applicable to any tissue where fluorescence can be used to indicate changes in cell behavior. For illustration, we use STRAINS to simultaneously analyze the mechanotransduction response of 5000 chondrocytes-over 20 million data points-in cartilage during the 50 ms to 4 hours after the tissue was subjected to local mechanical injury, known to initiate osteoarthritis. We find that chondrocytes exhibit a range of mechanobiological responses indicating activation of distinct biochemical pathways with clear spatial patterns related to the induced local strains during impact. These results illustrate the power of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Zheng
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Wyse Jackson
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Fortier
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Delco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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9
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Rashid SA, Blanchard AT, Combs JD, Fernandez N, Dong Y, Cho HC, Salaita K. DNA Tension Probes Show that Cardiomyocyte Maturation Is Sensitive to the Piconewton Traction Forces Transmitted by Integrins. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5335-5348. [PMID: 35324164 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle cells (CMCs) are the unit cells that comprise the heart. CMCs go through different stages of differentiation and maturation pathways to fully mature into beating cells. These cells can sense and respond to mechanical cues through receptors such as integrins which influence maturation pathways. For example, cell traction forces are important for the differentiation and development of functional CMCs, as CMCs cultured on varying substrate stiffness function differently. Most work in this area has focused on understanding the role of bulk extracellular matrix stiffness in mediating the functional fate of CMCs. Given that stiffness sensing mechanisms are mediated by individual integrin receptors, an important question in this area pertains to the specific magnitude of integrin piconewton (pN) forces that can trigger CMC functional maturation. To address this knowledge gap, we used DNA adhesion tethers that rupture at specific thresholds of force (∼12, ∼56, and ∼160 pN) to test whether capping peak integrin tension to specific magnitudes affects CMC function. We show that adhesion tethers with greater force tolerance lead to functionally mature CMCs as determined by morphology, twitching frequency, transient calcium flux measurements, and protein expression (F-actin, vinculin, α-actinin, YAP, and SERCA2a). Additionally, sarcomeric actinin alignment and multinucleation were significantly enhanced as the mechanical tolerance of integrin tethers was increased. Taken together, the results show that CMCs harness defined pN integrin forces to influence early stage development. This study represents an important step toward biophysical characterization of the contribution of pN forces in early stage cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Aysha Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Aaron T Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J Dale Combs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Natasha Fernandez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yixiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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10
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Early cardiac-chamber-specific fingerprints in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction detected by FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3440. [PMID: 35236899 PMCID: PMC8891318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a matter of investigation and its diagnosis remains challenging. Although the mechanisms that are responsible for the development of HFpEF are not fully understood, it is well known that nearly 80% of patients with HFpEF have concomitant hypertension. We investigated whether early biochemical alterations were detectable during HFpEF progression in salt-induced hypertensive rats, using Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques as a new diagnostic approach. Greater protein content and, specifically, greater collagen deposition were observed in the left atrium and right ventricle of hypertensive rats, together with altered metabolism of myocytes. Additionally, Raman spectra indicated a conformational change, or different degree of phosphorylation/methylation, in tyrosine-rich proteins. A correlation was found between tyrosine content and cardiac fibrosis of both right and left ventricles. Microcalcifications were detected in the left and right atria of control animals, with a progressive augmentation from six to 22 weeks. A further increase occurred in the left ventricle and right atrium of 22-week salt-fed animals, and a positive correlation was shown between the mineral deposits and the cardiac size of the left ventricle. Overall, FTIR and Raman techniques proved to be sensitive to early biochemical changes in HFpEF and preceded clinical humoral and imaging markers.
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11
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Regulation of collagen deposition in the trout heart during thermal acclimation. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:99-108. [PMID: 35243359 PMCID: PMC8857596 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The passive mechanical properties of the vertebrate heart are controlled in part by the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Changes in the ECM, caused by increased blood pressure, injury or disease can affect the capacity of the heart to fill with blood during diastole. In mammalian species, cardiac fibrosis caused by an increase in collagen in the ECM, leads to a loss of heart function and these changes in composition are considered to be permanent. Recent work has demonstrated that the cardiac ventricle of some fish species have the capacity to both increase and decrease collagen content in response to thermal acclimation. It is thought that these changes in collagen content help maintain ventricle function over seasonal changes in environmental temperatures. This current work reviews the cellular mechanisms responsible for regulating collagen deposition in the mammalian heart and proposes a cellular pathway by which a change in temperature can affect the collagen content of the fish ventricle through mechanotransduction. This work specifically focuses on the role of transforming growth factor β1, MAPK signaling pathways, and biomechanical stretch in regulating collagen content in the fish ventricle. It is hoped that this work increases the appreciation of the use of comparative models to gain insight into phenomenon with biomedical relevance.
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12
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Mehrotra S, Singh RD, Bandyopadhyay A, Janani G, Dey S, Mandal BB. Engineering Microsphere-Loaded Non-mulberry Silk-Based 3D Bioprinted Vascularized Cardiac Patches with Oxygen-Releasing and Immunomodulatory Potential. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50744-50759. [PMID: 34664954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A hostile myocardial microenvironment post ischemic injury (myocardial infarction) plays a decisive role in determining the fate of tissue-engineered approaches. Therefore, engineering hybrid 3D printed platforms that can modulate the MI microenvironment for improving implant acceptance has surfaced as a critical requirement for reconstructing an infarcted heart. Here, we have employed a non-mulberry silk-based conductive bioink comprising carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to bioprint functional 3D vascularized anisotropic cardiac constructs. Immunofluorescence staining, polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression studies, and electrophysiological studies showed that the inclusion of CNTs in the bioink played a significant role in upregulating matured cardiac biomarkers, sarcomere formation, and beating rate while promoting cardiomyocyte viability. These constructs were then microinjected with calcium peroxide and IL-10-loaded gelatin methacryloyl microspheres. Measurements of oxygen concentration revealed that these microspheres upheld the oxygen availability for maintaining cellular viability for at least 5 days in a hypoxic environment. Also, the ability of microinjected IL-10 microspheres to modulate the macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in vitro was uncovered using immunofluorescent staining and gene expression studies. Furthermore, in vivo subcutaneous implantation of microsphere-injected 3D constructs provided insights toward the extended time frame that was achieved for dealing with the hostile microenvironment for promoting host neovascularization and implant acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rishabh Deo Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - G Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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13
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Labouesse C, Tan BX, Agley CC, Hofer M, Winkel AK, Stirparo GG, Stuart HT, Verstreken CM, Mulas C, Mansfield W, Bertone P, Franze K, Silva JCR, Chalut KJ. StemBond hydrogels control the mechanical microenvironment for pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6132. [PMID: 34675200 PMCID: PMC8531294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of mechanical signalling are typically performed by comparing cells cultured on soft and stiff hydrogel-based substrates. However, it is challenging to independently and robustly control both substrate stiffness and extracellular matrix tethering to substrates, making matrix tethering a potentially confounding variable in mechanical signalling investigations. Moreover, unstable matrix tethering can lead to poor cell attachment and weak engagement of cell adhesions. To address this, we developed StemBond hydrogels, a hydrogel in which matrix tethering is robust and can be varied independently of stiffness. We validate StemBond hydrogels by showing that they provide an optimal system for culturing mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. We further show how soft StemBond hydrogels modulate stem cell function, partly through stiffness-sensitive ERK signalling. Our findings underline how substrate mechanics impact mechanosensitive signalling pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation, indicating that optimising the complete mechanical microenvironment will offer greater control over stem cell fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Labouesse
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Bao Xiu Tan
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Chibeza C Agley
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Moritz Hofer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alexander K Winkel
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Giuliano G Stirparo
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Hannah T Stuart
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Christophe M Verstreken
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Carla Mulas
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - William Mansfield
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul Bertone
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, IR, USA
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - José C R Silva
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, 510005, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
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14
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Setterberg IE, Le C, Frisk M, Li J, Louch WE. The Physiology and Pathophysiology of T-Tubules in the Heart. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718404. [PMID: 34566684 PMCID: PMC8458775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, invaginations of the sarcolemmal membrane called t-tubules are critically important for triggering contraction by excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. These structures form functional junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and thereby enable close contact between L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) and Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs). This arrangement in turn ensures efficient triggering of Ca2+ release, and contraction. While new data indicate that t-tubules are capable of exhibiting compensatory remodeling, they are also widely reported to be structurally and functionally compromised during disease, resulting in disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis, impaired systolic and/or diastolic function, and arrhythmogenesis. This review summarizes these findings, while highlighting an emerging appreciation of the distinct roles of t-tubules in the pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF and HFpEF). In this context, we review current understanding of the processes underlying t-tubule growth, maintenance, and degradation, underscoring the involvement of a variety of regulatory proteins, including junctophilin-2 (JPH2), amphiphysin-2 (BIN1), caveolin-3 (Cav3), and newer candidate proteins. Upstream regulation of t-tubule structure/function by cardiac workload and specifically ventricular wall stress is also discussed, alongside perspectives for novel strategies which may therapeutically target these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn E Setterberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Le
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Schisandrin Protects against Norepinephrine-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophic Injury by Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8129512. [PMID: 34221090 PMCID: PMC8221864 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8129512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aims. Heart failure is closely associated with norepinephrine-(NE-) induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Schisandrin is derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra; it has a variety of pharmacological activities, and the mechanism of schisandrin-mediated protection of the cardiovascular system is not clear. Main Methods. NE was used to establish a cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model to explore the mechanism of action of schisandrin. An MTT assay was used for cell viability; Hoechst fluorescence staining was used to observe the cell morphology and calculate the apoptosis rate. The cell surface area was measured and the protein to DNA ratio was calculated, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were detected, and the degree of hypertrophic cell damage was evaluated. WB, QRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence were used to qualitatively, quantitatively, and quantitatively detect apoptotic proteins in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Key Findings. In the NE-induced model, schisandrin treatment reduced the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes, increased the ratio of the cell surface area to cardiomyocyte protein/DNA, and also, increased the membrane potential of the mitochondria. The expression of both JAK2 and STAT3 was downregulated, and the BAX/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly reduced. In conclusion, schisandrin may protect against NE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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16
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Kilian LS, Voran J, Frank D, Rangrez AY. RhoA: a dubious molecule in cardiac pathophysiology. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:33. [PMID: 33906663 PMCID: PMC8080415 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is the founding member of Rho GTPase superfamily originally studied in cancer cells where it was found to stimulate cell cycle progression and migration. RhoA acts as a master switch control of actin dynamics essential for maintaining cytoarchitecture of a cell. In the last two decades, however, RhoA has been coined and increasingly investigated as an essential molecule involved in signal transduction and regulation of gene transcription thereby affecting physiological functions such as cell division, survival, proliferation and migration. RhoA has been shown to play an important role in cardiac remodeling and cardiomyopathies; underlying mechanisms are however still poorly understood since the results derived from in vitro and in vivo experiments are still inconclusive. Interestingly its role in the development of cardiomyopathies or heart failure remains largely unclear due to anomalies in the current data available that indicate both cardioprotective and deleterious effects. In this review, we aimed to outline the molecular mechanisms of RhoA activation, to give an overview of its regulators, and the probable mechanisms of signal transduction leading to RhoA activation and induction of downstream effector pathways and corresponding cellular responses in cardiac (patho)physiology. Furthermore, we discuss the existing studies assessing the presented results and shedding light on the often-ambiguous data. Overall, we provide an update of the molecular, physiological and pathological functions of RhoA in the heart and its potential in cardiac therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sophie Kilian
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakob Voran
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Egge N, Arneaud SLB, Fonseca RS, Zuurbier KR, McClendon J, Douglas PM. Trauma-induced regulation of VHP-1 modulates the cellular response to mechanical stress. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1484. [PMID: 33674585 PMCID: PMC7935884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli initiate adaptive signal transduction pathways, yet exceeding the cellular capacity to withstand physical stress results in death. The molecular mechanisms underlying trauma-induced degeneration remain unclear. In the nematode C. elegans, we have developed a method to study cellular degeneration in response to mechanical stress caused by blunt force trauma. Herein, we report that physical injury activates the c-Jun kinase, KGB-1, which modulates response elements through the AP-1 transcriptional complex. Among these, we have identified a dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase, VHP-1, as a stress-inducible modulator of neurodegeneration. VHP-1 regulates the transcriptional response to mechanical stress and is itself attenuated by KGB-1-mediated inactivation of a deubiquitinase, MATH-33, and proteasomal degradation. Together, we describe an uncharacterized stress response pathway in C. elegans and identify transcriptional and post-translational components comprising a feedback loop on Jun kinase and phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Egge
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sonja L B Arneaud
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rene Solano Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kielen R Zuurbier
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacob McClendon
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter M Douglas
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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18
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Loverde JR, Tolentino RE, Soteropoulos P, Pfister BJ. Biomechanical Forces Regulate Gene Transcription During Stretch-Mediated Growth of Mammalian Neurons. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:600136. [PMID: 33408609 PMCID: PMC7780124 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.600136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At birth, there are 100 billion neurons in the human brain, with functional neural circuits extending through the spine to the epidermis of the feet and toes. Following birth, limbs and vertebrae continue to grow by several orders of magnitude, forcing established axons to grow by up to 200 cm in length without motile growth cones. The leading regulatory paradigm suggests that biomechanical expansion of mitotic tissue exerts tensile force on integrated nervous tissue, which synchronizes ongoing growth of spanning axons. Here, we identify unique transcriptional changes in embryonic rat DRG and cortical neurons while the corresponding axons undergo physiological levels of controlled mechanical stretch in vitro. Using bioreactors containing cultured neurons, we recapitulated the peak biomechanical increase in embryonic rat crown-rump-length. Biologically paired sham and “stretch-grown” DRG neurons spanned 4.6- and 17.2-mm in length following static or stretch-induced growth conditions, respectively, which was associated with 456 significant changes in gene transcription identified by genome-wide cDNA microarrays. Eight significant genes found in DRG were cross-validated in stretch-grown cortical neurons by qRT-PCR, which included upregulation of Gpat3, Crem, Hmox1, Hpse, Mt1a, Nefm, Sprr1b, and downregulation of Nrep. The results herein establish a link between biomechanics and gene transcription in mammalian neurons, which elucidates the mechanism underlying long-term growth of axons, and provides a basis for new research in therapeutic axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Loverde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Rosa E Tolentino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Genomics Center, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Bryan J Pfister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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19
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Optimizing mechanical stretching protocols for hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic responses in cardiomyocyte-like H9C2 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:645-655. [PMID: 33394230 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes possess the ability to respond to mechanical stimuli by reprogramming their gene expression. This study investigated the effects of different loading protocols on signaling and expression responses of myogenic, anabolic, inflammatory, atrophy and pro-apoptotic genes in cardiomyocyte-like H9C2 cells. Differentiated H9C2 cells underwent various stretching protocols by altering their elongation, frequency and duration, utilizing an in vitro cell tension system. The loading-induced expression changes of MyoD, Myogenin, MRF4, IGF-1 isoforms, Atrogin-1, Foxo1, Fuca and IL-6 were measured by Real Time-PCR. The stretching-induced activation of Akt and Erk 1/2 was also evaluated by Western blot analysis. Low strain (2.7% elongation), low frequency (0.25 Hz) and intermediate duration (12 h) stretching protocol was overall the most effective in inducing beneficial responses, i.e., protein synthesis along with the suppression of apoptosis, inflammation and atrophy, in the differentiated cardiomyocytes. These findings demonstrated that varying the characteristics of mechanical loading applied on H9C2 cells in vitro can regulate their anabolic/survival program.
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20
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Gendernalik A, Zebhi B, Ahuja N, Garrity D, Bark D. In Vivo Pressurization of the Zebrafish Embryonic Heart as a Tool to Characterize Tissue Properties During Development. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:834-845. [PMID: 32959136 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac morphogenesis requires an intricate orchestration of mechanical stress to sculpt the heart as it transitions from a straight tube to a multichambered adult heart. Mechanical properties are fundamental to this process, involved in a complex interplay with function, morphology, and mechanotransduction. In the current work, we propose a pressurization technique applied to the zebrafish atrium to quantify mechanical properties of the myocardium under passive tension. By further measuring deformation, we obtain a pressure-stretch relationship that is used to identify constitutive models of the zebrafish embryonic cardiac tissue. Two-dimensional results are compared with a three-dimensional finite element analysis based on reconstructed embryonic heart geometry. Through these steps, we found that the myocardium of zebrafish results in a stiffness on the order of 10 kPa immediately after the looping stage of development. This work enables the ability to determine how these properties change under normal and pathological heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gendernalik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Banafsheh Zebhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Room 304 Scott Building, 1374 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1374, USA
| | - Neha Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Deborah Garrity
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David Bark
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Room 304 Scott Building, 1374 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1374, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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21
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Massai D, Pisani G, Isu G, Rodriguez Ruiz A, Cerino G, Galluzzi R, Pisanu A, Tonoli A, Bignardi C, Audenino AL, Marsano A, Morbiducci U. Bioreactor Platform for Biomimetic Culture and in situ Monitoring of the Mechanical Response of in vitro Engineered Models of Cardiac Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:733. [PMID: 32766218 PMCID: PMC7381147 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, relevant advances have been made in the generation of engineered cardiac constructs to be used as functional in vitro models for cardiac research or drug testing, and with the ultimate but still challenging goal of repairing the damaged myocardium. To support cardiac tissue generation and maturation in vitro, the application of biomimetic physical stimuli within dedicated bioreactors is crucial. In particular, cardiac-like mechanical stimulation has been demonstrated to promote development and maturation of cardiac tissue models. Here, we developed an automated bioreactor platform for tunable cyclic stretch and in situ monitoring of the mechanical response of in vitro engineered cardiac tissues. To demonstrate the bioreactor platform performance and to investigate the effects of cyclic stretch on construct maturation and contractility, we developed 3D annular cardiac tissue models based on neonatal rat cardiac cells embedded in fibrin hydrogel. The constructs were statically pre-cultured for 5 days and then exposed to 4 days of uniaxial cyclic stretch (sinusoidal waveform, 10% strain, 1 Hz) within the bioreactor. Explanatory biological tests showed that cyclic stretch promoted cardiomyocyte alignment, maintenance, and maturation, with enhanced expression of typical mature cardiac markers compared to static controls. Moreover, in situ monitoring showed increasing passive force of the constructs along the dynamic culture. Finally, only the stretched constructs were responsive to external electrical pacing with synchronous and regular contractile activity, further confirming that cyclic stretching was instrumental for their functional maturation. This study shows that the proposed bioreactor platform is a reliable device for cyclic stretch culture and in situ monitoring of the passive mechanical response of the cultured constructs. The innovative feature of acquiring passive force measurements in situ and along the culture allows monitoring the construct maturation trend without interrupting the culture, making the proposed device a powerful tool for in vitro investigation and ultimately production of functional engineered cardiac constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Massai
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pisani
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres Rodriguez Ruiz
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renato Galluzzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Pisanu
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tonoli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Bignardi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L Audenino
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
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22
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Verstreken CM, Labouesse C, Agley CC, Chalut KJ. Embryonic stem cells become mechanoresponsive upon exit from ground state of pluripotency. Open Biol 2020; 9:180203. [PMID: 30958114 PMCID: PMC6367133 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell fate decisions are driven by a broad array of signals, both chemical and mechanical. Although much progress has been made in our understanding of the impact of chemical signals on cell fate choice, much less is known about the role and influence of mechanical signalling, particularly in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Many studies use substrates with different stiffness to study mechanical signalling, but changing substrate stiffness can induce secondary effects which are difficult to disentangle from the direct effects of forces/mechanical signals. To probe the direct impact of mechanical stress on cells, we developed an adaptable cell substrate stretcher to exert specific, reproducible forces on cells. Using this device to test the response of ES cells to tensile strain, we found that cells experienced a transient influx of calcium followed by an upregulation of the so-called immediate and early genes. On longer time scales, however, ES cells in ground state conditions were largely insensitive to mechanical stress. Nonetheless, as ES cells exited the ground state, their susceptibility to mechanical signals increased, resulting in broad transcriptional changes. Our findings suggest that exit from ground state of pluripotency is unaffected by mechanical signals, but that these signals could become important during the next stage of lineage specification. A better understanding of this process could improve our understanding of cell fate choice in early development and improve protocols for differentiation guided by mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Verstreken
- 1 Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,2 Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1QR , UK
| | - C Labouesse
- 2 Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1QR , UK
| | - C C Agley
- 2 Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1QR , UK
| | - K J Chalut
- 1 Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,2 Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1QR , UK
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23
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Krueger W, Bender N, Haeusler M, Henneberg M. The role of mechanotransduction in heart failure pathobiology-a concise review. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:981-995. [PMID: 31965473 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review evaluates the role of mechanotransduction (MT) in heart failure (HF) pathobiology. Cardiac functional and structural modifications are regulated by biomechanical forces. Exposing cardiomyocytes and the myocardial tissue to altered biomechanical stress precipitates changes in the end-diastolic wall stress (EDWS). Thereby various interconnected biomolecular pathways, essentially mediated and orchestrated by MT, are launched and jointly contribute to adapt and remodel the myocardium. This cardiac MT-mediated feedback decisively determines the primary cardiac cellular and tissue response, the sort (concentric or eccentric) of hypertrophy/remodeling, to mechanical and/or hemodynamic alterations. Moreover, the altered EDWS affects the diastolic myocardial properties independent of the systolic function, and elevated EDWS causes diastolic dysfunction. The close interconnection between MT pathways and the cell nucleus, the genetic endowment, principally allows for the wide variety of phenotypic appearances. However, demographic, environmental features, comorbidities, and also the genetic make-up may modulate the phenotypic result. Cardiac MT takes a fundamental and superordinate position in the myocardial adaptation and remodeling processes in all HF categories and phenotypes. Therefore, the effects of MT should be integrated in all our scientific, clinical, and therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Krueger
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Bender
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Haeusler
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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24
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Molladavoodi S, McMorran J, Gregory D. Mechanobiology of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells in intervertebral discs. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:429-444. [PMID: 31844969 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a chronic condition that can affect up to 80% of the global population. It is the number one cause of disability worldwide and has enormous socioeconomic consequences. One of the main causes of this condition is intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. IVD degenerative processes and inflammation associated with it has been the subject of many studies in both tissue and cell level. It is believed that the phenotype of the resident cells within the IVD directly affects homeostasis of the tissue. At the same time, IVDs located between vertebral bodies of spine are under various mechanical loading conditions in vivo. Therefore, investigating how mechanical loading can affect the behaviour of IVD cells has been a subject of many research articles. In this review paper, following a brief explanation of the anatomy of the IVD and its resident cells, we compiled mechanobiological studies of IVD cells (specifically, annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells) and synthesized and discussed the key findings of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molladavoodi
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - John McMorran
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Diane Gregory
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada. .,Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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25
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Lee J, Manoharan V, Cheung L, Lee S, Cha BH, Newman P, Farzad R, Mehrotra S, Zhang K, Khan F, Ghaderi M, Lin YD, Aftab S, Mostafalu P, Miscuglio M, Li J, Mandal BB, Hussain MA, Wan KT, Tang XS, Khademhosseini A, Shin SR. Nanoparticle-Based Hybrid Scaffolds for Deciphering the Role of Multimodal Cues in Cardiac Tissue Engineering. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12525-12539. [PMID: 31621284 PMCID: PMC7068777 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial microenvironment plays a decisive role in guiding the function and fate of cardiomyocytes, and engineering this extracellular niche holds great promise for cardiac tissue regeneration. Platforms utilizing hybrid hydrogels containing various types of conductive nanoparticles have been a critical tool for constructing engineered cardiac tissues with outstanding mechanical integrity and improved electrophysiological properties. However, there has been no attempt to directly compare the efficacy of these hybrid hydrogels and decipher the mechanisms behind how these platforms differentially regulate cardiomyocyte behavior. Here, we employed gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels containing three different types of carbon-based nanoparticles: carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced GO (rGO), to investigate the influence of these hybrid scaffolds on the structural organization and functionality of cardiomyocytes. Using immunofluorescent staining for assessing cellular organization and proliferation, we showed that electrically conductive scaffolds (CNT- and rGO-GelMA compared to relatively nonconductive GO-GelMA) played a significant role in promoting desirable morphology of cardiomyocytes and elevated the expression of functional cardiac markers, while maintaining their viability. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that these engineered cardiac tissues showed distinct cardiomyocyte phenotypes and different levels of maturity based on the substrate (CNT-GelMA: ventricular-like, GO-GelMA: atrial-like, and rGO-GelMA: ventricular/atrial mixed phenotypes). Through analysis of gene-expression patterns, we uncovered that the engineered cardiac tissues matured on CNT-GelMA and native cardiac tissues showed comparable expression levels of maturation markers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that engineered cardiac tissues matured on CNT-GelMA have increased functionality through integrin-mediated mechanotransduction (via YAP/TAZ) in contrast to cardiomyocytes cultured on rGO-GelMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Vijayan Manoharan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Louis Cheung
- Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Seungkyu Lee
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Byung-Hyun Cha
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Room 4302D, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Peter Newman
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Razieh Farzad
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shreya Mehrotra
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Kaizhen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fazal Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoumeh Ghaderi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yi-Dong Lin
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Saira Aftab
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pooria Mostafalu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mario Miscuglio
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Joan Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammad Asif Hussain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kai-tak Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaowu Shirley Tang
- Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Monemian Esfahani A, Rosenbohm J, Reddy K, Jin X, Bouzid T, Riehl B, Kim E, Lim JY, Yang R. Tissue Regeneration from Mechanical Stretching of Cell-Cell Adhesion. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:631-640. [PMID: 31407627 PMCID: PMC6859692 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion complexes are macromolecular adhesive organelles that integrate cells into tissues. This mechanochemical coupling in cell-cell adhesion is required for a large number of cell behaviors, and perturbations of the cell-cell adhesion structure or related mechanotransduction pathways can lead to critical pathological conditions such as skin and heart diseases, arthritis, and cancer. Mechanical stretching has been a widely used method to stimulate the mechanotransduction process originating from the cell-cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) complexes. These studies aimed to reveal the biophysical processes governing cell proliferation, wound healing, gene expression regulation, and cell differentiation in various tissues, including cardiac, muscle, vascular, and bone. This review explores techniques in mechanical stretching in two-dimensional settings with different stretching regimens on different cell types. The mechanotransduction responses from these different cell types will be discussed with an emphasis on their biophysical transformations during mechanical stretching and the cross talk between the cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion complexes. Therapeutic aspects of mechanical stretching are reviewed considering these cellular responses after the application of mechanical forces, with a focus on wound healing and tissue regeneration. Impact Statement Mechanical stretching has been proposed as a therapeutic option for tissue regeneration and wound healing. It has been accepted that mechanotransduction processes elicited by mechanical stretching govern cellular response and behavior, and these studies have predominantly focused on the cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) sites. This review serves the mechanobiology community by shifting the focus of mechanical stretching effects from cell-ECM adhesions to the less examined cell-cell adhesions, which we believe play an equally important role in orchestrating the response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Monemian Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Jordan Rosenbohm
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Keerthana Reddy
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Tasneem Bouzid
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Brandon Riehl
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Jung Yul Lim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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27
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Saucerman JJ, Tan PM, Buchholz KS, McCulloch AD, Omens JH. Mechanical regulation of gene expression in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16:361-378. [PMID: 30683889 PMCID: PMC6525041 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intact heart undergoes complex and multiscale remodelling processes in response to altered mechanical cues. Remodelling of the myocardium is regulated by a combination of myocyte and non-myocyte responses to mechanosensitive pathways, which can alter gene expression and therefore function in these cells. Cellular mechanotransduction and its downstream effects on gene expression are initially compensatory mechanisms during adaptations to the altered mechanical environment, but under prolonged and abnormal loading conditions, they can become maladaptive, leading to impaired function and cardiac pathologies. In this Review, we summarize mechanoregulated pathways in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts that lead to altered gene expression and cell remodelling under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Developments in systems modelling of the networks that regulate gene expression in response to mechanical stimuli should improve integrative understanding of their roles in vivo and help to discover new combinations of drugs and device therapies targeting mechanosignalling in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Philip M Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kyle S Buchholz
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey H Omens
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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28
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Gevaert AB, Boen JRA, Segers VF, Van Craenenbroeck EM. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Review of Cardiac and Noncardiac Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2019; 10:638. [PMID: 31191343 PMCID: PMC6548802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is one of the largest unmet clinical needs in 21st-century cardiology. It is a complex disorder resulting from the influence of several comorbidities on the endothelium. A derangement in nitric oxide bioavailability leads to an intricate web of physiological abnormalities in the heart, blood vessels, and other organs. In this review, we examine the contribution of cardiac and noncardiac factors to the development of HFpEF. We zoom in on recent insights on the role of comorbidities and microRNAs in HFpEF. Finally, we address the potential of exercise training, which is currently the only available therapy to improve aerobic capacity and quality of life in HFpEF patients. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms responsible for this improvement could lead to new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Gevaert
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jente R A Boen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent F Segers
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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29
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Rheinlaender J, Schäffer TE. Mapping the creep compliance of living cells with scanning ion conductance microscopy reveals a subcellular correlation between stiffness and fluidity. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6982-6989. [PMID: 30916074 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09428d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Living cells exhibit complex material properties, which play a crucial role in many aspects of cell function in health and disease, including migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Various techniques exist to probe the viscoelastic material properties of living cells and a frequent observation is a cell-to-cell correlation between average stiffness and fluidity in populations of cells. However, the origin of this correlation is still under discussion. Here, we introduce an imaging technique based on the scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) to measure the creep compliance of soft samples, which allowed us to generate images of viscoelastic material properties of living cells with high spatial and temporal resolution. We observe a strong subcellular correlation between the local stiffness and fluidity across the individual living cell: stiff regions exhibit lower fluidity while soft regions exhibit higher fluidity. We find that this subcellular correlation is identical to the previously observed cell-to-cell correlation. The subcellular correlation reversibly vanishes after drug-induced disruption of the cytoskeleton, indicating that the subcellular correlation is a property of the intact cytoskeleton of the living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rheinlaender
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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30
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Fan X, Yang W, Yu B, Kou J, Li F. Captopril attenuates TAC-induced heart failure via inhibiting Wnt3a/β-catenin and Jak2/Stat3 pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108780. [PMID: 30889487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Captopril (Cap) as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) is commonly used to treat hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure. However, few studies reported on whether Cap exerts a protective effect on myocardial apoptosis induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). This study aimed at investigating the possible mechanism of Cap on myocardial apoptosis induced by pressure overload. Results showed that Cap significantly decreased heart-to-body weight ratios (HBWR). Cap markedly improved cardiac function, and reduced inner diameter of ascending aorta (Asc Ao) in TAC mice as shown by echocardiography. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results demonstrated that Cap treatment also markedly decreased the level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Cardiac pathological changes and fibrosis have been improved after Cap treatment as shown by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Moreover, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dexoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining result indicated Cap treatment also significantly inhibited cardiac apoptosis. Western Blot results showed that Cap obviously decreased the expression of cleaved capase-3, Bax, phosphorylated Jak2 (p-Jak2), phosphorylated Stat3 (p-Stat3), Wnt3a and β-catenin proteins, as well as increased Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, Cap showed a protective effect on TAC-induced cardiac apoptosis, which could be attributed to the inhibition of Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cap also attenuated myocardial hypertrophy induced by TAC via suppression of Jak2/Stat3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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31
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Tan PM, Buchholz KS, Omens JH, McCulloch AD, Saucerman JJ. Predictive model identifies key network regulators of cardiomyocyte mechano-signaling. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005854. [PMID: 29131824 PMCID: PMC5703578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical strain is a potent stimulus for growth and remodeling in cells. Although many pathways have been implicated in stretch-induced remodeling, the control structures by which signals from distinct mechano-sensors are integrated to modulate hypertrophy and gene expression in cardiomyocytes remain unclear. Here, we constructed and validated a predictive computational model of the cardiac mechano-signaling network in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying signal integration. The model identifies calcium, actin, Ras, Raf1, PI3K, and JAK as key regulators of cardiac mechano-signaling and characterizes crosstalk logic imparting differential control of transcription by AT1R, integrins, and calcium channels. We find that while these regulators maintain mostly independent control over distinct groups of transcription factors, synergy between multiple pathways is necessary to activate all the transcription factors necessary for gene transcription and hypertrophy. We also identify a PKG-dependent mechanism by which valsartan/sacubitril, a combination drug recently approved for treating heart failure, inhibits stretch-induced hypertrophy, and predict further efficacious pairs of drug targets in the network through a network-wide combinatorial search. Common stresses such as high blood pressure or heart attack can lead to heart failure, which afflicts over 25 million people worldwide. These stresses cause cardiomyocytes to grow and remodel, which may initially be beneficial but ultimately worsen heart function. Current heart failure drugs such as beta-blockers counteract biochemical cues prompting cardiomyocyte growth, yet mechanical cues to cardiomyocytes such as stretch are just as important in driving cardiac dysfunction. However, no pharmacological treatments have yet been approved that specifically target mechano-signaling, in part because it is not clear how cardiomyocytes integrate signals from multiple mechano-responsive sensors and pathways into their decision to grow. To address this challenge, we built a systems-level computational model that represents 125 interactions between 94 stretch-responsive signaling molecules. The model correctly predicts 134 of 172 previous independent experimental observations, and identifies the key regulators of stretch-induced cardiomyocyte remodeling. Although cardiomyocytes have many mechano-signaling pathways that function largely independently, we find that cooperation between them is necessary to cause growth and remodeling. We identify mechanisms by which a recently approved heart failure drug pair affects mechano-signaling, and we further predict additional pairs of drug targets that could be used to help reverse heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kyle S. Buchholz
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey H. Omens
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Shim AL, Mitrokhin VM, Kazanski VE, Mladenov MI, Kamkin AG. Discrete Stretch Eliminates Electrophysiological Dose-Dependent Effects of Nitric Oxide Donor SNAP in Rat Atrium. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:705-709. [PMID: 29063314 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Depolarization of cardiomyocytes triggered by stretch and activation of mechanically gated ion channels can lead to serious arrhythmias. However, stretch-induced signaling activating these channels remain little studied. This study tested the hypothesis on implication of NO in shaping the electrical abnormalities provoked by stretch of the right atrial myocardium in rat via a mechanism engaging a signaling cascade, where NO plays a significant role. This approach showed that in isolated right atrial preparation, NO donor SNAP induces the electrical abnormalities similar to those provoked by stretch, and the latter results from activation of NO synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Shim
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Mitrokhin
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V E Kazanski
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M I Mladenov
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Kamkin
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Altered Mitochondrial Metabolism and Mechanosensation in the Failing Heart: Focus on Intracellular Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071487. [PMID: 28698526 PMCID: PMC5535977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart consists of millions of cells, namely cardiomyocytes, which are highly organized in terms of structure and function, at both macroscale and microscale levels. Such meticulous organization is imperative for assuring the physiological pump-function of the heart. One of the key players for the electrical and mechanical synchronization and contraction is the calcium ion via the well-known calcium-induced calcium release process. In cardiovascular diseases, the structural organization is lost, resulting in morphological, electrical, and metabolic remodeling owing the imbalance of the calcium handling and promoting heart failure and arrhythmias. Recently, attention has been focused on the role of mitochondria, which seem to jeopardize these events by misbalancing the calcium processes. In this review, we highlight our recent findings, especially the role of mitochondria (dys)function in failing cardiomyocytes with respect to the calcium machinery.
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Pressure-overload-induced angiotensin-mediated early remodeling in mouse heart. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176713. [PMID: 28464037 PMCID: PMC5413013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work on angiotensin II-mediated electrical-remodeling in canine left ventricle, in connection with a long history of other studies, suggested the hypothesis: increases in mechanical load induce autocrine secretion of angiotensin II (A2), which coherently regulates a coterie of membrane ion transporters in a manner that increases contractility. However, the relation between load and A2 secretion was correlative. We subsequently showed a similar or identical system was present in murine heart. To investigate whether the relation between mechanical load and A2-mediated electrical remodeling was causal, we employed transverse aortic constriction in mice to subject the left ventricle to pressure overload for short-term (1 to 2 days) or long-term (1 to 2 weeks) periods. Heart-to-body weight ratios and cell capacitance measurements were used to determine hypertrophy. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of the predominant repolarization currents Ito,fast and IK,slow were used to assess electrical remodeling. Hearts or myocytes subjected to long-term load displayed significant hypertrophy, which was not evident in short-term load. However, short-term load induced significant reductions in Ito,fast and IK,slow. Incubation of these myocytes with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibitor saralasin for 2 hours restored Ito,fast and IK,slow to control levels. The number of Ito.fast or IK,slow channels did not change with A2 or long-term load, however the hypertrophic increase in membrane area reduced the current densities for both channels. For Ito,fast but not IK,slow there was an additional reduction that was reversed by inhibition of angiotensin receptors. These results suggest increased load activates an endogenous renin angiotensin system that initially reduces Ito,fast and IK,slow prior to the onset of hypertrophic growth. However, there are functional interactions between electrical and anatomical remodeling. First, hypertrophy tends to reduce all current densities. Second, the hypertrophic program can modify signaling between the angiotensin receptor and target current.
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Miragoli M, Cabassi A. Mitochondrial Mechanosensor Microdomains in Cardiovascular Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:247-264. [PMID: 28551791 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cardiomyocytes populating the 'working myocardium' are highly organized and such organization ranges from macroscale (e.g. the geometrical rod shape) to microscale (dyad/t-tubules) domains. This meticulous level of organization is imperative for assuring the normal and physiological pump-function of the heart. In the pathological cardiac tissue, the domains-related architecture is partially lost, resulting in morphological, electrical and metabolic remodeling and promoting cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and arrhythmias. Indeed, arrhythmogenesis during heart failure is a major clinical problem. Arrhythmias have been extensively studied from an electrical etiology, but only recently, physiologists and scientists have focused their attention on cellular and subcellular mechanosensors. We and others have investigated whether the nanoscale mechanosensitive properties of cardiomyocytes from failing hearts have a bearing upon the initiation of abnormal electrical activity. This chapter highlights the recent findings in the field, especially the role of mitochondria function and alignment in failing cardiomyocytes interrogated via nanomechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
| | - Aderville Cabassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
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Kamm RD, Lammerding J, Mofrad MRK. Cellular Nanomechanics. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-54357-3_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Numaga-Tomita T, Kitajima N, Kuroda T, Nishimura A, Miyano K, Yasuda S, Kuwahara K, Sato Y, Ide T, Birnbaumer L, Sumimoto H, Mori Y, Nishida M. TRPC3-GEF-H1 axis mediates pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39383. [PMID: 27991560 PMCID: PMC5171702 DOI: 10.1038/srep39383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural cardiac remodeling, accompanying cytoskeletal reorganization of cardiac cells, is a major clinical outcome of diastolic heart failure. A highly local Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane has been suggested to code signals to induce Rho GTPase-mediated fibrosis, but it is obscure how the heart specifically decodes the local Ca2+ influx as a cytoskeletal reorganizing signal under the conditions of the rhythmic Ca2+ handling required for pump function. We found that an inhibition of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channel activity exhibited resistance to Rho-mediated maladaptive fibrosis in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts. Proteomic analysis revealed that microtubule-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, GEF-H1, participates in TRPC3-mediated RhoA activation induced by mechanical stress in cardiomyocytes and transforming growth factor (TGF) β stimulation in cardiac fibroblasts. We previously revealed that TRPC3 functionally interacts with microtubule-associated NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2, and inhibition of Nox2 attenuated mechanical stretch-induced GEF-H1 activation in cardiomyocytes. Finally, pharmacological TRPC3 inhibition significantly suppressed fibrotic responses in human cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. These results strongly suggest that microtubule-localized TRPC3-GEF-H1 axis mediates fibrotic responses commonly in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts induced by physico-chemical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kitajima
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuroda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kei Miyano
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, C1107AFF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Frisk M, Ruud M, Espe EKS, Aronsen JM, Røe ÅT, Zhang L, Norseng PA, Sejersted OM, Christensen GA, Sjaastad I, Louch WE. Elevated ventricular wall stress disrupts cardiomyocyte t-tubule structure and calcium homeostasis. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 112:443-51. [PMID: 27226008 PMCID: PMC5031949 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Invaginations of the cellular membrane called t-tubules are essential for maintaining efficient excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Disruption of t-tubule structure during heart failure has been linked to dyssynchronous, slowed Ca(2+) release and reduced power of the heartbeat. The underlying mechanism is, however, unknown. We presently investigated whether elevated ventricular wall stress triggers remodelling of t-tubule structure and function. METHODS AND RESULTS MRI and blood pressure measurements were employed to examine regional wall stress across the left ventricle of sham-operated and failing, post-infarction rat hearts. In failing hearts, elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure and ventricular dilation resulted in markedly increased wall stress, particularly in the thin-walled region proximal to the infarct. High wall stress in this proximal zone was associated with reduced expression of the dyadic anchor junctophilin-2 and disrupted cardiomyocyte t-tubular structure. Indeed, local wall stress measurements predicted t-tubule density across sham and failing hearts. Elevated wall stress and disrupted cardiomyocyte structure in the proximal zone were also associated with desynchronized Ca(2+) release in cardiomyocytes and markedly reduced local contractility in vivo. A causative role of wall stress in promoting t-tubule remodelling was established by applying stretch to papillary muscles ex vivo under culture conditions. Loads comparable to wall stress levels observed in vivo in the proximal zone reduced expression of junctophilin-2 and promoted t-tubule loss. CONCLUSION Elevated wall stress reduces junctophilin-2 expression and disrupts t-tubule integrity, Ca(2+) release, and contractile function. These findings provide new insight into the role of wall stress in promoting heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Ruud
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emil K S Espe
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Åsmund T Røe
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Andreas Norseng
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole M Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir A Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Ribeiro AJS, Denisin AK, Wilson RE, Pruitt BL. For whom the cells pull: Hydrogel and micropost devices for measuring traction forces. Methods 2016; 94:51-64. [PMID: 26265073 PMCID: PMC4746112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While performing several functions, adherent cells deform their surrounding substrate via stable adhesions that connect the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. The traction forces that deform the substrate are studied in mechanotrasduction because they are affected by the mechanics of the extracellular milieu. We review the development and application of two methods widely used to measure traction forces generated by cells on 2D substrates: (i) traction force microscopy with polyacrylamide hydrogels and (ii) calculation of traction forces with arrays of deformable microposts. Measuring forces with these methods relies on measuring substrate displacements and converting them into forces. We describe approaches to determine force from displacements and elaborate on the necessary experimental conditions for this type of analysis. We emphasize device fabrication, mechanical calibration of substrates and covalent attachment of extracellular matrix proteins to substrates as key features in the design of experiments to measure cell traction forces with polyacrylamide hydrogels or microposts. We also report the challenges and achievements in integrating these methods with platforms for the mechanical stimulation of adherent cells. The approaches described here will enable new studies to understand cell mechanical outputs as a function of mechanical inputs and advance the understanding of mechanotransduction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Aleksandra K Denisin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Stanford Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Robin E Wilson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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Lux M, Andrée B, Horvath T, Nosko A, Manikowski D, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Haverich A, Hilfiker A. In vitro maturation of large-scale cardiac patches based on a perfusable starter matrix by cyclic mechanical stimulation. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:177-187. [PMID: 26546973 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of tissue engineering is the generation of implants similar to native tissue. Thus, it is essential to utilize physiological stimuli to improve the quality of engineered constructs. Numerous publications reported that mechanical stimulation of small-sized, non-perfusable, tissue engineered cardiac constructs leads to a maturation of immature cardiomyocytes like neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or induced pluripotent stem cells/embryonic stem cells derived self-contracting cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of mechanical stimulation and perfusion on the maturation process of large-scale (2.5×4.5cm), implantable cardiac patches based on decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) or Biological Vascularized Matrix (BioVaM) and a 3-dimensional construct containing neonatal rat heart cells. Application of cyclic mechanical stretch improved contractile function, cardiomyocyte alignment along the stretch axis and gene expression of cardiomyocyte markers. The development of a complex network formed by endothelial cells within the cardiac construct was enhanced by cyclic stretch. Finally, the utilization of BioVaM enabled the perfusion of the matrix during stimulation, augmenting the beneficial influence of cyclic stretch. Thus, this study demonstrates the maturation of cardiac constructs with clinically relevant dimensions by the application of cyclic mechanical stretch and perfusion of the starter matrix. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Considering the poor endogenous regeneration of the heart, engineering of bioartificial cardiac tissue for the replacement of infarcted myocardium is an exciting strategy. Most techniques for the generation of cardiac tissue result in relative small-sized constructs insufficient for clinical applications. Another issue is to achieve cardiomyocytes and tissue maturation in culture. Here we report, for the first time, the effect of mechanical stimulation and simultaneous perfusion on the maturation of cardiac constructs of clinical relevant dimensions, which are based on a perfusable starter matrix derived from porcine small intestine. In response to these stimuli superior organization of cardiomyocytes and vascular networks was observed in contrast to untreated controls. The study provides substantial progress towards the generation of implantable cardiac patches.
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Feng H, Gerilechaogetu F, Golden HB, Nizamutdinov D, Foster DM, Glaser SS, Dostal DE. p38α MAPK inhibits stretch-induced JNK activation in cardiac myocytes through MKP-1. Int J Cardiol 2016; 203:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Miragoli M, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Bhargava A, Wright PT, Sikkel M, Schobesberger S, Diakonov I, Novak P, Castaldi A, Cattaneo P, Lyon AR, Lab MJ, Gorelik J. Microtubule-Dependent Mitochondria Alignment Regulates Calcium Release in Response to Nanomechanical Stimulus in Heart Myocytes. Cell Rep 2015; 14:140-151. [PMID: 26725114 PMCID: PMC4983655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenesis during heart failure is a major clinical problem. Regional electrical gradients produce arrhythmias, and cellular ionic transmembrane gradients are its originators. We investigated whether the nanoscale mechanosensitive properties of cardiomyocytes from failing hearts have a bearing upon the initiation of abnormal electrical activity. Hydrojets through a nanopipette indent specific locations on the sarcolemma and initiate intracellular calcium release in both healthy and heart failure cardiomyocytes, as well as in human failing cardiomyocytes. In healthy cells, calcium is locally confined, whereas in failing cardiomyocytes, calcium propagates. Heart failure progressively stiffens the membrane and displaces sub-sarcolemmal mitochondria. Colchicine in healthy cells mimics the failing condition by stiffening the cells, disrupting microtubules, shifting mitochondria, and causing calcium release. Uncoupling the mitochondrial proton gradient abolished calcium initiation in both failing and colchicine-treated cells. We propose the disruption of microtubule-dependent mitochondrial mechanosensor microdomains as a mechanism for abnormal calcium release in failing heart. Nanomechanical pressure application changes mechanosensitivity in failing heart cells Microtubular network disorganization mediates the change in mechanosensitivity Mitochondria are displaced from their original location and trigger calcium release Uncoupling the mitochondrial proton gradient completely abolishes the phenomena
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Miragoli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy; Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL exISPESL, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Jose L Sanchez-Alonso
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Ordnance Factory Estate, Yeddumailaram, 502205 Telangana, India
| | - Peter T Wright
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Markus Sikkel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sophie Schobesberger
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ivan Diakonov
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pavel Novak
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Cattaneo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW36NP, UK
| | - Max J Lab
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Ovchinnikov R, Mitrokhin V, Mladenov M. Effects of interleukin-17A on the bioelectric activity of rat atrial myocardium under normal conditions and during gradual stretching. Cytokine 2015; 76:561-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mitrokhin V, Mladenov M, Kamkin A. IL-1 provokes electrical abnormalities in rat atrial myocardium. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:780-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tsai TT, Cheng CM, Chen CF, Lai PL. Mechanotransduction in intervertebral discs. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2351-60. [PMID: 25267492 PMCID: PMC4302640 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction plays a critical role in intracellular functioning—it allows cells to translate external physical forces into internal biochemical activities, thereby affecting processes ranging from proliferation and apoptosis to gene expression and protein synthesis in a complex web of interactions and reactions. Accordingly, aberrant mechanotransduction can either lead to, or be a result of, a variety of diseases or degenerative states. In this review, we provide an overview of mechanotransduction in the context of intervertebral discs, with a focus on the latest methods of investigating mechanotransduction and the most recent findings regarding the means and effects of mechanotransduction in healthy and degenerative discs. We also provide some discussion of potential directions for future research and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Segers VFM, De Keulenaer GW. Pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Future Cardiol 2014; 9:711-20. [PMID: 24020672 DOI: 10.2217/fca.13.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, and its incidence is increasing rapidly worldwide. New therapies are needed that can halt or even reverse the progression of heart failure, but little progress has been made in the last 20 years. This is partly due to the fact that chronic heart failure is a heterogeneous disease with many different etiologies and clinical phenotypes. At present, a pathophysiological concept to unify these different phenotypes is missing. A prominent pathophysiological feature of chronic heart failure is diastolic dysfunction, which is almost universally present in heart failure patients. This review will examine the role and mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction in heart failure. We will study diastolic dysfunction at different levels of complexity of organization: the cardiovascular system, the heart as an organ, the myocardium as a tissue, the myocyte as a cell and the molecular aspects of diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F M Segers
- University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Campus Drie Eiken, Bldg T, 2nd Floor, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Wu SH, Lee KL, Weng RH, Zheng ZX, Chiou A, Wei PK. Dynamic monitoring of mechano-sensing of cells by gold nanoslit surface plasmon resonance sensor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89522. [PMID: 24586846 PMCID: PMC3931794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated a real-time monitoring of live cells upon laminar shear stress stimulation via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in gold nanoslit array. A large-area gold nanostructure consisted of 500-nm-period nanoslits was fabricated on a plastic film using the thermal-annealed template-stripping method. The SPR in the gold nanoslit array provides high surface sensitivity to monitor cell adhesion changes near the sensor surface. The human non-small cell lung cancer (CL1-0), human lung fibroblast (MRC-5), and human dermal fibroblast (Hs68) were cultured on the gold nanoslits and their dynamic responses to laminar shear stress were measured under different stress magnitudes from 0 to 30 dyne/cm(2). Cell adhesion was increased in CL1-0 under shear flow stimulation. No adhesion recovery was observed after stopping the flow. On the other hand, MRC-5 and Hs68 decreased adhesion and recovered from the shear stress. The degree of recovery was around 70% for MRC-5. This device provides dynamic study and early detection of cell adhesion changes under shear flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Li Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hung Weng
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Xian Zheng
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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48
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Chatterjee S, Fisher AB. Mechanotransduction in the endothelium: role of membrane proteins and reactive oxygen species in sensing, transduction, and transmission of the signal with altered blood flow. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:899-913. [PMID: 24328670 PMCID: PMC3924805 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Changes in shear stress associated with alterations in blood flow initiate a signaling cascade that modulates the vascular phenotype. Shear stress is "sensed" by the endothelium via a mechanosensitive complex on the endothelial cell (EC) membrane that has been characterized as a "mechanosome" consisting of caveolae, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, and possibly other elements. This shear signal is transduced by cell membrane ion channels and various kinases and results in the activation of NADPH oxidase (type 2) with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RECENT ADVANCES The signaling cascade associated with stop of shear, as would occur in vivo with various obstructive pathologies, leads to cell proliferation and eventual revascularization. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Although several elements of mechanosensing such as the sensing event, the transduction, transmission, and reception of the mechanosignal are now reasonably well understood, the links among these discrete steps in the pathway are not clear. Thus, identifying the mechanisms for the interaction of the K(ATP) channel, the kinases, and ROS to drive long-term adaptive responses in ECs is necessary. A critical re-examination of the signaling events associated with complex flow patterns (turbulent, oscillatory) under physiological conditions is also essential for the progress in the field. Since these complex shear patterns may be associated with an atherosclerosis susceptible phenotype, a specific challenge will be the pharmacological modulation of the responses to altered signaling events that occur at specific sites of disturbed or obstructed flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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49
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Karsai Á, Kellermayer MSZ, Harris SP. Cross-species mechanical fingerprinting of cardiac myosin binding protein-C. Biophys J 2014; 104:2465-75. [PMID: 23746519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of proteins and consists of 8 Ig- and 3 fibronectin III (FNIII)-like domains along with a unique regulatory sequence referred to as the MyBP-C motif or M-domain. We previously used atomic force microscopy to investigate the mechanical properties of murine cMyBP-C expressed using a baculovirus/insect cell expression system. Here, we investigate whether the mechanical properties of cMyBP-C are conserved across species by using atomic force microscopy to manipulate recombinant human cMyBP-C and native cMyBP-C purified from bovine heart. Force versus extension data obtained in velocity-clamp experiments showed that the mechanical response of the human recombinant protein was remarkably similar to that of the bovine native cMyBP-C. Ig/Fn-like domain unfolding events occurred in a hierarchical fashion across a threefold range of forces starting at relatively low forces of ~50 pN and ending with the unfolding of the highest stability domains at ~180 pN. Force-extension traces were also frequently marked by the appearance of anomalous force drops suggestive of additional mechanical complexity such as structural coupling among domains. Both recombinant and native cMyBP-C exhibited a prominent segment ~100 nm-long that could be stretched by forces <50 pN before the unfolding of Ig- and FN-like domains. Combined with our previous observations of mouse cMyBP-C, these results establish that although the response of cMyBP-C to mechanical load displays a complex pattern, it is highly conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Karsai
- University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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50
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Gene expression profile of compressed primary human cementoblasts before and after IL-1β stimulation. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18:1925-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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