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Jabarpour M, Amidi F, Aleyasin A, Nashtaei MS, Marghmaleki MS. Randomized clinical trial of astaxanthin supplement on serum inflammatory markers and ER stress-apoptosis gene expression in PBMCs of women with PCOS. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18464. [PMID: 39036884 PMCID: PMC11261353 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is related to pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory conditions generated by Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of Astaxanthin (ASX), as carotenoid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on serum inflammatory markers, apoptotic factors and ER stress-apoptotic genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with PCOS. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial included 56 PCOS patients aged 18-40. For 8 weeks, subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: either 12 mg ASX (n = 28) or placebo (n = 28). Real-time PCR was used to quantify gene expression associated with ER stress-apoptosis in PCOS women's PBMCs. The levels of TNF-α, IL18, IL6 and CRP were determined by obtaining blood samples from all patients before and after the intervention using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, the levels of active caspase-3 and caspase-8 were detected in the PBMC by ELISA kit. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of ASX on disease symptoms. Following the 8-week intervention, ASX supplementation was able to reduce the expression of GRP78 (p = 0.051), CHOP (p = 0.008), XBP1 (p = 0.002), ATF4 (0.038), ATF6 (0.157) and DR5 (0.016) when compared to the placebo. However, this decrease was not statistically significant for ATF6 (p = 0.067) and marginally significant for GRP78 (p = 0.051). The levels of TNF-α (p = 0.009), IL-18 (p = 0.003), IL-6 (p = 0.013) and active caspase-3 (p = 0.012) were also statistically significant lower in the therapy group. However, there was no significant difference in CRP (p = 0.177) and caspase-8 (p = 0.491) levels between the treatment and control groups. In our study, ASX had no significant positive effect on BMI, hirsutism, hair loss and regularity of the menstrual cycle. It appears that ASX may benefit PCOS by changing the ER stress-apoptotic pathway and reducing serum inflammatory markers; however, additional research is required to determine this compound's potential relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoome Jabarpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Infertility, Shariati HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Infertility, Yas HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ashraf Aleyasin
- Department of Infertility, Shariati HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Shabani Nashtaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Infertility, Shariati HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Utkan Korun ZE, Gocmez SS, Furat Rencber S, Kavram Sarıhan K, Eraldemir FC, Sahin D. Etanercept Ameliorates Vascular, Endocrine, and Ovarian Changes in a Rat Model of DHEA-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:714-726. [PMID: 37932553 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. This study examined the efficacy of etanercept (ETA), an anti-TNF-α drug, in alleviating endocrine, metabolic, and vascular dysfunction in a rat model of PCOS. Prepubertal female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, PCOS, and PCOS+ETA. The PCOS groups received dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment, whereas the PCOS+ETA group received both DHEA and ETA. After 35 days, various biomarkers were evaluated, including systemic blood pressure, endothelial function, and eNOS and TNF-α expression levels in the thoracic aorta and ovaries. The PCOS group exhibited ovarian morphological changes, increased body weight, and hormonal imbalances, whereas the PCOS+ETA group showed restored levels of these parameters. Systemic blood pressure, urinary albumin levels, and protein excretion did not differ significantly differ among the groups. Endothelium-dependent relaxation, eNOS expression, TNF-α expression in the thoracic aorta, and TNF-α expression in the ovaries were restored to normal levels in the PCOS+ETA group. Furthermore, ovarian morphology was improved in the PCOS+ETA group. In conclusion, etanercept treatment shows promise in mitigating hormonal disturbances and vascular dysfunction in patients with PCOS, suggesting potential therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ece Utkan Korun
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, 34668, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Semil Selcen Gocmez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Selenay Furat Rencber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kübra Kavram Sarıhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Deniz Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Zheng CY, Yu YX, Bai X. Polycystic ovary syndrome and related inflammation in radiomics; relationship with patient outcome. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:328-333. [PMID: 36933953 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) refers to a condition that often has 'poly' liquid containing sacks around ovaries. It affects reproductive-aged females giving rise to menstrual and related reproductive issues. PCOS is marked by hormonal imbalance often resulting in hyperandrogenism. Inflammation is now considered a central manifestation of this disease with several inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF-α, C-reactive protein and Interleukins-6/18 found to be particularly elevated in PCOS patients. Diagnosis is often late, and MRI-based diagnosis, along with blood-based analyses, are still the best bet for a definitive diagnosis. Radiomics also offers several advantages and should be exploited to the maximum. The mechanisms of PCOS onset and progression are not very well known but pituitary dysfunction and elevated gonadotrophin releasing hormone resulting in high levels of luteinizing hormone are indicative of an activated hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in PCOS. A number of studies have also identified signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB and STAT in PCOS etiology. The links of these signaling pathways to inflammation further underline the importance of inflammation in PCOS, which needs to be resolved for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Zheng
- Embryo Laboratory, Jinghua Hospital of Shenyang, No. 83, Zhongshan Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue-Xin Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
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Di Lorenzo M, Cacciapuoti N, Lonardo MS, Nasti G, Gautiero C, Belfiore A, Guida B, Chiurazzi M. Pathophysiology and Nutritional Approaches in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Comprehensive Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:527-544. [PMID: 37213054 PMCID: PMC10444658 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age worldwide. This disease causes menstrual, metabolic, and biochemical abnormalities such as hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulatory menstrual cycles, polycystic ovary, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance (IR), and cardiometabolic disorders, often associated with overweight or obesity and visceral adiposity. RECENT FINDINGS The etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS are not yet fully understood, but insulin seems to play a key role in this disease. PCOS shares an inflammatory state with other chronic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases; however, recent studies have shown that a healthy nutritional approach can improve IR and metabolic and reproductive functions, representing a valid therapeutic strategy to ameliorate PCOS symptomatology. This review aimed to summarize and collect evidence about different nutritional approaches such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the ketogenic diet (KD), as well as bariatric surgery and nutraceutical supplementation as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, among the others, used in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Infectious Diseases and Gender Medicine Unit, Cotugno Hospital, AO Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - N Cacciapuoti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M S Lonardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - G Nasti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - C Gautiero
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Belfiore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - B Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
- Department of Medical Oncology, AO "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy.
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Kumar S, Prajapati KS, Gupta S. The Multifaceted Role of Signal Peptide-CUB-EGF Domain-Containing Protein (SCUBE) in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810577. [PMID: 36142489 PMCID: PMC9503623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal peptide, CUB, and EGF-like domain-containing proteins (SCUBE) are secretory cell surface glycoproteins that play key roles in the developmental process. SCUBE proteins participate in the progression of several diseases, including cancer, and are recognized for their oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions depending on the cellular context. SCUBE proteins promote cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, or metastasis, stemness or self-renewal, and drug resistance. The association of SCUBE with other proteins alters the expression of signaling pathways, including Hedgehog, Notch, TGF-β/Smad2/3, and β-catenin. Further, SCUBE proteins function as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review presents key features of SCUBE family members, and their structure and functions, and highlights their contribution in the development and progression of cancer. A comprehensive understanding of the role of SCUBE family members offers novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-368-6162; Fax: +1-216-368-0213
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Lai Y, Ye Z, Mu L, Zhang Y, Long X, Zhang C, Li R, Zhao Y, Qiao J. Elevated Levels of Follicular Fatty Acids Induce Ovarian Inflammation via ERK1/2 and Inflammasome Activation in PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2307-2317. [PMID: 35521772 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is accompanied by chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Whether metabolic abnormalities affect inflammation in PCOS or not, the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate changes in fatty acids and their effects on inflammatory response in the follicular niche of PCOS patients. METHODS This study recruited 50 PCOS patients and 50 age-matched controls for follicular fluids and ovarian mural granulosa cells collection. The human ovarian granulosa cell line KGN was used for evaluating the effect of oleic acid (OA) stimulation. The levels of follicular fatty acids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were detected by electrochemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The regulation of inflammation-related genes was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting after OA stimuli. RESULTS Three saturated fatty acids and 8 unsaturated fatty acids were significantly elevated in follicular fluids of PCOS patients compared to those in controls. The concentrations of follicular interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and mature IL-18 were significantly higher in the PCOS group and were positively correlated with the levels of fatty acids. Moreover, OA stimulation upregulated the transcription levels of IL-6 and IL-8 via extracellularly regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways in KGN cells. Furthermore, OA treatment induced reactive oxygen species production and inflammasome activation, which is manifested by enhanced caspase-1 activity and mature IL-18 protein level. CONCLUSION Fatty acid metabolism was significantly altered in the follicular niche of PCOS patients. Elevated levels of fatty acids could induce ovarian inflammation both at the transcriptional level and in posttranslational processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Lai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenhong Ye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liangshan Mu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyu Long
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
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Radwan E, Belmadani S, Matrougui K. Disrupting Interleukin 12 Improves Microvascular Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes Through ER Stress CHOP and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2633-2642. [PMID: 36065460 PMCID: PMC9440700 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s369488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular endothelial dysfunction is well established in type 2 diabetes. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are up-regulated in type 2 diabetic patients and animal models of type 2 diabetes. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of IL-12 and the ER stress CHOP in endothelial dysfunction are not fully understood. METHODS We generated double knockout mice between db-/db- and p40IL-12-/- mice (db-/db-p40-IL-12-/-) and endoplasmic (ER) stress-CHOP-/- mice (db-/db-CHOP-/-). We performed a glucose tolerance test (GTT) to determine the effect of IL-12 and ER stress CHOP on glucose metabolism. We assessed the endothelial function and determined the phosphorylation level of eNOS, Akt, AMPK, and the expression of ER stress (CHOP, BIP), and oxidative stress (Nox2 and Nox4 and NADPH oxidase activity). RESULTS The results showed that GTT was improved in db-/db-p40-IL-12-/- and db-/db-CHOP-/- suggesting IL-12 and CHOP as parts of a mechanism involved in the development of type 2 diabetes. The microvascular endothelial dysfunction in db-/db- mouse is associated with decreased phosphorylated eNOS, Akt, AMPK, and increased CHOP, BIP, Nox2, and Nox4 expressions. Interestingly, disrupting IL-12 and ER stress CHOP in db-/db- mice significantly improved endothelial function, increased survival markers expression and decreased ER and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Using a genetic approach, these findings provide evidence that IL-12 and ER stress CHOP play a significant role in microvascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Radwan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Souad Belmadani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Khalid Matrougui
- Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
- Correspondence: Khalid Matrougui, Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA, Tel +1 757-446-5278, Email
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Impaired metabolic effects of metformin in men with early-onset androgenic alopecia. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:216-228. [PMID: 34897595 PMCID: PMC8786753 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Early-onset androgenic alopecia is considered the phenotypic equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome in men. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether the presence of early-onset male-pattern baldness modulates metabolic effects of metformin. Methods This prospective case–control study included 2 groups of men at high risk for type 2 diabetes: 72 individuals with androgenic alopecia (group A) and 75 subjects with normal hair growth (group B). Both groups were matched for age, blood pressure, body mass index, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids. Glycated hemoglobin, glucose, plasma lipids, indices of insulin sensitivity/resistance, sex hormones, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined before and after metformin treatment (1.7 g daily). Results Twelve-month metformin treatment reduced fat content, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin, glucose and triglycerides, as well as improved insulin sensitivity. Although observed in both study populations, these effects were more pronounced in group B. Moreover, metformin decreased hsCRP and bioavailable testosterone levels in group B, as well as reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in group A. Treatment-induced changes in glucose homeostasis markers correlated with the impact of metformin on hsCRP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Conclusions Metabolic effects of metformin in males are attenuated if they have coexisting early-onset androgenic alopecia. This finding may be partially explained by differences in severity of low-grade systemic inflammation and vitamin D status. The obtained results, requiring confirmation in large prospective studies, suggest that men with early-onset male-pattern baldness benefit to a lesser degree from metformin treatment than other men at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-021-00347-8.
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Xie L, Jiang X, Chen Y, Huang C, Chen Y, Liu G, Sun W, Zeng L, Lu R. 3 CpG methylation biomarkers for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in blood. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1304-1313. [PMID: 34080962 DOI: 10.2174/1386207321666210602170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women that seriously interferes with the patient's metabolic and reproductive functions. The current diagnostic criteria for PCOS are expert-based and still disputed. Previous studies have identified changes in DNA methylation in peripheral blood of women with PCOS, but their diagnostic potential for PCOS remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify potential methylation biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCOS in blood. METHODS Methylation profiles of peripheral blood were downloaded from a public database, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), of 30 PCOS patients (diagnosed with the revised 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria), and 30 age-matched healthy women were recruited from the Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to identify PCOS-related co-methylation CpG sites (co-MPs). Functional enrichment analysis was performed on the localized genes of PCOS-related co-MPs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen CpG methylation signatures for PCOS diagnosis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy, respectively. To assess the accuracy of the combination of the investigated indicators, multivariate ROC analysis was performed on the predicted probability values obtained using binary logistic regression on the methylation levels of selected CpGs together. RESULTS Seven co-methylation modules were obtained, most relevant to PCOS of which was the turquoise module, containing 194 co-MPs. The genes that these co-MPs located in were mainly associated with the immune-related pathway. According to LASSO regression, three Co-MPs (cg23464743, cg06834912, cg00103771) were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers of PCOS. ROC analysis showed an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.7556 (sensitivity 60.0%, specificity 83.3%) for cg23464743, 0.7822 (sensitivity 70.0%, specificity 80.0%) for cg06834912, and 0.7611 (sensitivity 63.3%, specificity 83.3%) for cg00103771. The diagnostic accuracy of the combination of these 3 indicators presented to be higher than any single one of them, with an AUC of 0.8378 (sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 93.3%). CONCLUSION The combination of 3 CpG methylation signatures in blood was identified with a good diagnostic accuracy for PCOS, which may bring new insight into the development of PCOS diagnostic markers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Xie
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 515000, China
| | - Xiaotao Jiang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 515000, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 515000, China
| | - Cihui Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 515000, China
| | - Yanfen Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 515000, China
| | - Guantong Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 515000, China
| | - Wenxi Sun
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 515000, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 515000, China
| | - Ruling Lu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 515000, China
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Wang Y, Yang Q, Wang H, Zhu J, Cong L, Li H, Sun Y. NAD+ deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in granulosa cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome‡. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:371-380. [PMID: 34056649 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by ovulation dysfunction, androgen excess, ovarian polycystic changes, insulin resistance, and infertility. Although underlying mechanisms for PCOS are still unknown, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS patients have been reported. Here, we found that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in GCs of PCOS patients was significantly decreased when compared with controls. Also, we found that higher expression of inflammation factors, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in GCs of PCOS patients. In addition, the NAD+ levels were decreased after activation of inflammation in human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) treated by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, supplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, could largely restore the NAD+ content, reduce ROS levels and improve mitochondrial function demonstrated by increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generation in LPS-treated KGN cells. Our data suggested that inflammation decreased NAD+ levels in GCs of PCOS patients, while supplementation of NR could restore NAD+ levels and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in GCs of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luping Cong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yan S, Ding J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang S, Yin T, Yang J. C1QTNF6 participates in the pathogenesis of PCOS by affecting the inflammatory response of granulosa cells‡. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:427-438. [PMID: 33959757 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease. It has been reported that chronic low-grade inflammation might participate in its pathogenesis. C1q and TNF related 6 (C1QTNF6) is a newly identified adiponectin paralog associated with inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of C1QTNF6 in the development of chronic inflammation in PCOS and the underlying molecular mechanism. After analyzing the expression of C1QTNF6 in the serum and granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS patients and healthy controls, we verified the roles of C1QTNF6 in inflammation through dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS mouse models and cell models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The results demonstrated that C1QTNF6 expression in the serum and GCs of patients with PCOS was significantly elevated compared with those of the controls, and similar results were observed in the serum and ovary of PCOS mouse models. In PCOS mice and C1QTNF6-overexpressing PCOS mice, serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were increased, while the opposite effects were observed when C1QTNF6 was down-regulated in PCOS mice. Furthermore, C1QTNF6 overexpression up-regulated the levels of TNFα, IL6, and CRP and activated the AKT/NF-κB pathway in LPS-treated KGN cells, whereas C1QTNF6 knockdown and BAY-117082 (an NF-κB inhibitor) treatment resulted in the opposite effects. Taken together, our results indicate that C1QTNF6 is involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS by affecting the inflammatory response via the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinli Ding
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
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12
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Khalafi M, Symonds ME. The impact of high‐intensity interval training on inflammatory markers in metabolic disorders: A meta‐analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2020-2036. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Exercise Physiology Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Guilan Rasht Iran
| | - Michael E. Symonds
- The Early Life Research Unit Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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13
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Della Corte L, Foreste V, Barra F, Gustavino C, Alessandri F, Centurioni MG, Ferrero S, Bifulco G, Giampaolino P. Current and experimental drug therapy for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:819-830. [PMID: 32543238 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1781815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects 8-13% of reproductive-age women. Irregular periods, hirsutism, or infertility are the most common clinical presentations of patients affected by PCOS. This syndrome is also linked to metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity. The optimal therapeutic approach is still unknown. AREAS COVERED This narrative review offers an overview of the literature on current and experimental pharmacological options for treating PCOS and highlights ongoing clinical trials. Several electronic databases were searched and current research registers were analyzed to the present year. The papers selected for this review were critically analyzed, and all data available were summarized, organized, and explored to derive key information. EXPERT OPINION The main goal of PCOS treatment is to obtain a metabolic and hormonal balance. Optimal PCOS therapy should be direct to the reproductive abnormalities and the entire spectrum of endocrine and metabolic complications that appear to have a long-term negative impact on PCOS patient health, as in post-menopausal period. The discovery of new mechanisms in PCOS pathogenesis will offer the possibility of testing new drug classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Della Corte
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Foreste
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Barra
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (Dinogmi), University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Gustavino
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Alessandri
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Simone Ferrero
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (Dinogmi), University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Giampaolino
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
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14
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Yang K, Zeng L, Bao T, Long Z, Jin B. Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Quercetin-Resveratrol Combination for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Pharmacological Strategy-Based Research. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18420. [PMID: 31804513 PMCID: PMC6895093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol and quercetin have effects on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hence, resveratrol combined with quercetin may have better effects on it. However, because of the limitations in animal and human experiments, the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of quercetin-resveratrol combination (QRC) remains to be clarified. In this research, a systematic pharmacological approach comprising multiple compound target collection, multiple potential target prediction, and network analysis was used for comparing the characteristic of resveratrol, quercetin and QRC, and exploring the mechanism of QRC. After that, four networks were constructed and analyzed: (1) compound-compound target network; (2) compound-potential target network; (3) QRC-PCOS PPI network; (4) QRC-PCOS-other human proteins (protein-protein interaction) PPI network. Through GO and pathway enrichment analysis, it can be found that three compounds focus on different biological processes and pathways; and it seems that QRC combines the characteristics of resveratrol and quercetin. The in-depth study of QRC further showed more PCOS-related biological processes and pathways. Hence, this research not only offers clues to the researcher who is interested in comparing the differences among resveratrol, quercetin and QRC, but also provides hints for the researcher who wants to explore QRC's various synergies and its pharmacological and molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tingting Bao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Clinical Medicine (Xiyuan Hospital), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Long
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Jin
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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15
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Brenjian S, Moini A, Yamini N, Kashani L, Faridmojtahedi M, Bahramrezaie M, Khodarahmian M, Amidi F. Resveratrol treatment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome decreased pro-inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 83:e13186. [PMID: 31483910 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and pro-inflammatory condition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol treatment on pro-inflammatory and ER stress markers in patients with PCOS. METHOD OF STUDY Cumulus cells were obtained from 40 patients with PCOS who were divided into two groups: placebo and resveratrol treatment (receiving 800 mg/d for 40 days) groups. Blood samples were obtained from all patients before and after the procedure to evaluate interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, NF-κB, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Total RNA was extracted from cumulus cells, and cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. Expressions of five genes in ER stress response pathway (ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, GRP78, and XBP1s) were assessed with quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t test. RESULTS After treatment with resveratrol, it was found that serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18, NF-κB, and CRP decreased in the treatment group. In addition, gene expression results showed that the expression levels of ATF4 (P < .05) and ATF6 (P < .001) significantly increased in the resveratrol treatment group, while the expression levels of CHOP, GRP78, and XBP1 (P < .001 for all) significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Results demonstrated that resveratrol has anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products. On the other hand, resveratrol can modulate ER stress in granulosa cells (GCs) by altering the expression of genes involved in unfolding protein response (UPR) process. Our findings suggest that ER stress is a potential therapeutic target for patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Brenjian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Yamini
- Embryology Laboratory, Department of ART, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Kashani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Faridmojtahedi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Bahramrezaie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Khodarahmian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Ribeiro VB, Kogure GS, Lopes IP, Silva RC, Pedroso DCC, Ferriani RA, Furtado CLM, dos Reis RM. Association of measures of central fat accumulation indices with body fat distribution and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:417-426. [PMID: 31365630 PMCID: PMC10528645 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations among visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body fat percentage (%), and android/gynoid ratio (A/G ratio) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and verify if the parameters representative of visceral obesity correlate with and exhibit the same frequency as body composition variables; anthropometric indices; and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 94 women with PCOS. Hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed in all women. Free androgen index (FAI) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), as well as LAP, VAI, and anthropometric indices, were calculated. The regions of interest (ROIs) in body composition and body composition indices were evaluated using a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Overall, 32 variables were selected as markers of body fat distribution. RESULTS Among the 32 markers evaluated, 29 correlated with LAP, whereas 25 correlated with VAI, 19 with body fat (%), and 30 with A/G ratio. Additionally, some markers correlated with the four adiposity indices evaluated: ROIs, except for total mass and leg fat (%); body composition (body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference) indices; fasting insulin; and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION LAP and VAI may be sensitive measures for screening and preventing metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in PCOS, with LAP being more sensitive than VAI, and the A/G ratio may be more sensitive than body fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Barbosa Ribeiro
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
- Instituto Federal de São PauloInstituto Federal de São PauloJacareíSPBrasilInstituto Federal de São Paulo, Jacareí, SP, Brasil
| | - Gislaine Satyko Kogure
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Iris Palma Lopes
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafael Costa Silva
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Daiana Cristina Chielli Pedroso
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosana Maria dos Reis
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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17
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Blumenfeld Z. The Possible Practical Implication of High CRP Levels in PCOS. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2019; 13:1179558119861936. [PMID: 31384138 PMCID: PMC6647201 DOI: 10.1177/1179558119861936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Blumenfeld
- Reproductive Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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18
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Kurek Eken M, Sahin Ersoy G, Yayla Abide C, Sanverdi İ, Devranoglu B, Kutlu T, Çevik Ö. Association between circulating neuregulin 4 levels and metabolic, aterogenic, and AMH profile of polycystic ovary syndrome. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 39:975-980. [PMID: 31064233 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1581754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder associated with obesity and energy metabolic system disturbances in adipose tissue. Neuregulin 4 (NRG4), which is secreted by adipose tissue, regulates energy metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum NRG4 levels in obese and normal weight PCOS patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Turkey from April to August 2017. We included 148 women who were divided into four groups as follows: 40 normal weight and 39 obese PCOS women diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria as well as 38 normal weight and 31 obese, age-matched, non-hyperandrogenemic women with a regular menstrual cycle (controls). Levels of serum NRG4, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); lipid and hormone profiles; insulin resistance indices [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)];and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. Serum NRG4 levels were elevated in the normal weight PCOS group than in the control group. Moreover, serum NRG4 levels were higher in the obese PCOS group than in the normal weight PCOS and obese control groups (p < .01). Serum NRG4 levels were positively correlated with body mass index (BMI); waist/hip ratio; HOMA-IR; and levels of triglycerides, hs-CRP, FBG, insulin, AMH, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Multiple regression analyses revealed that serum NRG4 levels were independently associated with BMI. Obesity appears to be the most influential factor for NRG4 secretion in PCOS patients. Management of obesity may be a key factor for resolving PCOS-related metabolic abnormalities and fertility problems. Impact Sstatement What is already known on this subject? PCOS is a dynamic syndrome with different clinical and metabolic features during the reproductive age. PCOS is associated with various metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance (IR), glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and obesity (particularly visceral obesity) as well as long-term complications, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Neuregulin 4 (NRG4), which is secreted by adipose tissue, regulates energy metabolism. What do the results of this study add? To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study investigating NRG4 levels in PCOS patients with different BMIs. Obesity appears to be the most influential factor for NRG4 secretion in these patients. Managing obesity may be a key factor for resolving PCOS-related metabolic abnormalities. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Further research in PCOS is warranted to ameliorate obesity, and our study can provide basis for future studies investigating NRG4 levels in PCOS patients with different phenotypes as well as studies of gene polymorphisms, AMH, and infertility and can contribute to the elucidation of problems related to the pathophysiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Kurek Eken
- Department of Obstetric and Gyneacology-Aydın, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty , Aydın , Turkey
| | | | - Cigdem Yayla Abide
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility-İstanbul, Zeynep Kamil Maternal and Children Educational and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - İlhan Sanverdi
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility-İstanbul, Zeynep Kamil Maternal and Children Educational and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Belgin Devranoglu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility-İstanbul, Zeynep Kamil Maternal and Children Educational and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Tayfun Kutlu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility-İstanbul, Zeynep Kamil Maternal and Children Educational and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry-Aydın, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty , Aydın , Turkey
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19
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Shorakae S, Ranasinha S, Abell S, Lambert G, Lambert E, de Courten B, Teede H. Inter-related effects of insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, sympathetic dysfunction and chronic inflammation in PCOS. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 89:628-633. [PMID: 29992612 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, sympathetic dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation may act together in a vicious cycle in the pathophysiology of PCOS. However, the inter-relationships of these components are not fully understood. We aimed to study these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of PCOS. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Premenopausal women with PCOS (Rotterdam diagnostic criteria) and without PCOS were recruited from a community setting into a cross-sectional substudy within a randomized control trial. Insulin resistance (fasting insulin and glucose), hyperandrogenism (testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG] and Free Androgen Index [FAI]), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and markers of chronic low-grade inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] and high molecular weight adiponectin [HMW-adiponectin]) were measured. RESULTS Forty-nine women with PCOS (mean age 30 ± 6 mean BMI 29 ± 5) and 23 controls (mean age 29 ± 8 mean BMI 33 ± 7) with included in this analysis. MSNA and testosterone level were most significantly associated with PCOS status, after adjustment for age and BMI. In women with PCOS, markers of sympathetic activity correlated inversely with HMW-adiponectin and HMW-adiponectin correlated inversely with FAI. Testosterone and FAI both correlated positively with insulin resistance in women PCOS. CONCLUSION Sympathetic dysfunction and hyperandrogenism are significantly associated with PCOS. Chronic low-grade inflammation potentially mediates the effect of sympathetic dysfunction on hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulmaz Shorakae
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sanjeeva Ranasinha
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Abell
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Lambert
- Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Lambert
- Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Erol O, Ellidağ HY, Özel MK, Uysal Derbent A, Eren E, Yılmaz N. Circulating SCUBE1 levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 15:152-158. [PMID: 30202624 PMCID: PMC6127468 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.25826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is thought to represent an early manifestation of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with cardiovascular disease. Signal peptide-CUB (complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1)-epidermal growth factor domain-containing protein 1 (SCUBE1) is a platelet activation marker that plays important roles in vascular biology and has been closely linked to cardiovascular events. In the present study, we investigated SCUBE1 levels in lean glucose-tolerant women with PCOS and assessed the possible association between SCUBE1 levels and hormonal and metabolic features of women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 90 lean [body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2] women who were diagnosed as having PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria and 100 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls with no clinical or biochemical feature of hyperandrogenism. Glucose tolerance was evaluated in all subjects before recruitment using the 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and only those exhibiting normal glucose tolerance were enrolled. Hormonal and metabolic parameters, and serum SCUBE1 levels were evaluated. Results: Circulating SCUBE1 levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in controls (5.9±3.9 vs. 4.2±1.4 ng/mL, p=0.022). No association between SCUBE1 level and clinical or biochemical parameters was found in the control or PCOS group. Conclusion: SCUBE1 levels are elevated in women with PCOS compared with those in healthy controls; thus, this protein may be an early biomarker of cardiovascular disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Erol
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hamit Yaşar Ellidağ
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Özel
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aysel Uysal Derbent
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Esin Eren
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necat Yılmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
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Bhattacharya SM, Basu A. Common Inflammatory Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A BMI (Body Mass Index)-Matched Case-Control Study. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2018; 69:294-296. [PMID: 31178648 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-018-1143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhindra Mohan Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S. C. Das Memorial Medical and Research Center, 52 Jodhpur Park, Kolkata, 700068 India.,2KPC Medical College, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032 India.,Kolkata, India
| | - Atreyee Basu
- 3Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center and School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
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Serum visfatin levels in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and matched controls. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2018; 61:253-260. [PMID: 29564317 PMCID: PMC5854906 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2018.61.2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the current study was to compare the circulating levels of visfatin between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and those without PCOS and to assess the correlations between visfatin levels and various parameters. Methods This case-control study recruited 74 PCOS patients and 74 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Serum visfatin levels were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Women with PCOS were divided into 2 subgroups based on the presence of clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism. The possible differences in serum visfatin levels between the hyperandrogenic and non-hyperandrogenic groups were also assessed. Results Visfatin levels in PCOS patients were similar to those in the controls. However, hyperandrogenic patients had significantly higher mean serum visfatin levels than those in non-hyperandrogenic patients (3.87 ng/mL; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 3.09–4.85 in hyperandrogenic group vs. 2.69 ng/mL; 95% CIs, 2.06–3.52 in non-hyperandrogenic group; P=0.038). In women with PCOS, visfatin levels positively correlated with BMI (r=0.23; P=0.047) and the log free androgen index (FAI) (r=0.27; P=0.021) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (r=−0.37; P=0.025). Except for HDL cholesterol levels, these correlations were also observed in controls. Conclusion Visfatin levels in PCOS patients were similar to those in the controls. However, hyperandrogenic patients showed significantly higher serum visfatin levels than those of non-hyperandrogenic patients, and visfatin had a positive linear correlation with FAI in both PCOS patients and controls.
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Seyam E, Hasan M, Khalifa EM, Ramadan A, Hefzy E. Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor alpha serum level in obese and lean women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary disease. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:892-898. [PMID: 28480767 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1320383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the level of the serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as an inflammatory biomarker in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary disease (PCOD), who are resistant to clomiphene citrate (CCR-PCOD). PATIENTS AND DESIGN It is a case-controlled study, where 150 (n = 150) PCOD women (study group), who are resistant to clomiphene citrate (CCR-PCOD) had been recruited, in addition to 100 (n = 100) women with PCOD, who are not resistant to clomiphene citrate (NCCR-PCOD) as the first control group, and another 100 women (n = 100) fertile women with normal reproductive health, as the second control group. All the recruited subjects had been divided into subgroups according to the BMI: One obese group with BMI ≥ 27 and the second lean group with BMI < 27. TNF-α had been measured in all women groups recruited, in addition to the other essential, basic and PCOD-relevant biochemical and hormonal tests. RESULTS TNF-α level was found to be higher in all PCOD women, either the study or control PCOD groups, than the fertile control group (49.93 ± 3.39 versus 35.83 ± 2.47 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The level of TNF-α has come highest in the obese clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOD women (obese CCR-PCOD), while the lowest has come in the lean PCOD women, who are not resistant to clomiphene citrate (NCCR-PCOD). Free Androgen Index (FAI) and androgenic obesity with higher W/H ratio were clearly going with TNF-α pattern and have come higher in all PCOD compared to the fertile control group. Insulin resistance (IR) shows a positive correlation with BMI regardless off PCOD status and androgen level as well. The level of other basic and PCOD-relevant hormones like FSH, TSH and prolactin have never shown statistically significant differences between all the study and control groups, except LH serum level which has shown a nonsignificant higher level in all PCOD women included either resistant to CC or not. CONCLUSION TNF-α serum level has come significantly higher in all women with PCOD, especially in those resistant to CC. Androgenic obesity with higher W/H ratio has shown a positive correlation with TNF-α level, which could consider it a good severity index of PCOD status and an informative predictor of CCR before its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emaduldin Seyam
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Minia University College of Medicine , Minia , Egypt
| | - Momen Hasan
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Minia University College of Medicine , Minia , Egypt
| | - Eissa M Khalifa
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Minia University College of Medicine , Minia , Egypt
| | - Ahmad Ramadan
- b Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Minia General Hospital , Minia , Egypt
| | - Enas Hefzy
- c Microbiology and Immunology Department , Fayoum University College of Medicine , Fayoum , Egypt
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Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor alpha serum level in obese and lean women with clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovary disease. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Delitala AP, Capobianco G, Delitala G, Cherchi PL, Dessole S. Polycystic ovary syndrome, adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy affecting a remarkable proportion of premenopausal women. Different studies have shown that stress is widely encountered in women with PCOS. Areas covered: As PCOS is a multifaceted disorder, 'stress' incorporates different translations. We performed a literature review, focusing on the most recent data, regarding the multipotent role of stress in the syndrome. Expert commentary: Stress is believed to be an important component of PCOS. It encompasses different definitions that are all equivalent, like metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative and emotional stress. However, the type of stress that distinguishes PCOS is metabolic stress. It becomes evident early in life and constitutes the pathophysiological heart of the syndrome. Metabolic stress along with the other types of stress are the progenitors of severe long-term health implications, which exacerbate further the reproductive, metabolic and psychological derangements of the syndrome, leading to an endless cycle of chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Papalou
- a Department of Internal Medicine , 'Elpis' Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- b Internal Medicine & Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism , Euroclinic , Athens , Greece
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Mansour A, Hosseini S, Larijani B, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR. Nutrients as novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:551-564. [PMID: 28096785 PMCID: PMC5225686 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women. This disease is characterized by infertility, menstrual dysfunction, and hyperandrogenism. Also, PCOS is often associated with hyperlipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance, conditions that are associated with cardiovascular disorder, type 2 diabetes, cancer and hypertension. Evidence supports that some nutrients may affect the hormonal and metabolic disturbances of PCOS. Here in this study, we aimed to review the available literature that assessed the nutrients such as inostol, isoflavonids, resveratrol, vitamin D, and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids), known to influence the hormonal and metabolic disturbances of PCOS, along with the strategies and future directions of nutrient supplementations in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mansour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Luotola K, Piltonen TT, Puurunen J, Tapanainen JS. IL-1 receptor antagonist levels are associated with glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:430-5. [PMID: 27061312 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum IL-1Ra levels were measured at baseline in 73 women with PCOS and 45 control subjects (18-47 years), and in 27 women with PCOS who underwent oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs and IVGTTs). RESULTS IL-1Ra concentrations predicted OGTT 2-h glucose levels independently of BMI and insulin resistance (P ≤ 0·001) in women with PCOS. Serum IL-1Ra concentration was elevated in women with PCOS compared with controls [mean (SD): 309·5 (208·8) vs 199·1 (81·4) ng/l, P < 0·001], but the difference disappeared after adjusting for BMI. An increment of five BMI units raised IL-1Ra levels by 108·5 ng/l [95% confidence interval (CI): 85·5-131·5, r(2) = 0·603] in women with PCOS and only by 77·0 ng/l (95% CI: 50·5-103·5, r(2) = 0·512) in controls when adjusted for BMI and age. Levels of IL-1Ra in obese women with PCOS reflected decreasing OGTT-derived insulinogenic index (P = 0·032) and disposition index (P = 0·046) independently of BMI. Increased levels of IL-1Ra correlated with indices showing increasing insulin resistance and AUC insulin (P ≤ 0·002). CONCLUSIONS Increased IL-1Ra levels in women with PCOS were largely explained by increasing adiposity. However, serum IL-1Ra concentrations predicted 2-h glucose levels independently of BMI suggesting that increased IL-1Ra may be associated with disturbed glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Luotola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Puurunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
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Adams J, Liu Z, Ren YA, Wun WS, Zhou W, Kenigsberg S, Librach C, Valdes C, Gibbons W, Richards J. Enhanced Inflammatory Transcriptome in the Granulosa Cells of Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3459-68. [PMID: 27228368 PMCID: PMC5010574 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women, is associated with systemic low-grade inflammation. OBJECTIVE We propose that increased or altered intrafollicular inflammatory reactions also occur in periovulatory follicles of PCOS patients. DESIGN Gene profiling and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses in granulosa-lutein cells (GCs) collected from PCOS and non-PCOS women undergoing in vitro fertilization were compared with serum and follicular fluid (FF) levels of cytokines and chemokines. SETTING This was a university-based study. PATIENTS Twenty-one PCOS and 45 control patients were recruited: demographic, hormone, body mass index, and pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from patient data files. INTERVENTIONS GC cytokine/chemokine mRNAs were identified and analyzed by gene-chip microarrays/qPCR before and after culture with human chorionic gonadotropin, DHT, IL-6, or IL-8; serum/FF cytokine levels were also analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative serum/FF cytokine levels and GC cytokine expression before and after culture were compared and related to body mass index. RESULTS The following results were found: 1) PCOS GCs express elevated transcripts encoding cytokines, chemokines, and immune cell markers, 2) based on gene profiling and qPCR analyses, obese PCOS patients define a distinct PCOS disease subtype with the most dramatic increases in proinflammatory and immune-related factors, and 3) human chorionic gonadotropin and DHT increased cytokine production in cultured GCs, whereas cytokines augmented cytokine and vascular genes, indicating that hyperandrogenism/elevated LH and obesity in PCOS women augment intrafollicular cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS Intrafollicular androgens and cytokines likely comprise a local regulatory loop that impacts GC expression of cytokines and chemokines and the presence of immune cells; this loop is further enhanced in the obese PCOS subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaye Adams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
| | - Yi Athena Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
| | - Wan-Song Wun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
| | - Shlomit Kenigsberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
| | - Clifford Librach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
| | - Cecilia Valdes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
| | - William Gibbons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
| | - JoAnne Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.A., Z.L., Y.A.R., J.R.) and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (J.A., C.V., W.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (W.Z.), Houston, Texas 77030; Fertility Specialists of Houston (Z.L., W.-S.W.), Houston, Texas; 77030 and CReATe Fertility Center (S.K., C.L.), Toronto, Canada M5G 1N8
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Behboudi-Gandevani S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Rostami Dovom M, Farahmand M, Bahri Khomami M, Noroozzadeh M, Kabir A, Azizi F. Insulin resistance in obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:343-53. [PMID: 27052492 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1117069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed at investigating whether insulin resistance (IR)/sensitivity are impaired in obese/non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obese/non-obese healthy controls. A comprehensive literature search was performed for observational, English language studies. Meta-analysis was performed with the random effects model according to the heterogeneity. Eligible studies, involving 3037 women in four groups of: 1-obese, PCOS; 2-non-obese, PCOS, 3-obese, non-PCOS and 4-Non-obese, non-PCOS were included. Based on the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) analysis, the pooled mean (95% Conf. Interval) of HOMA IR in groups 1-4 were 4.38 (3.84, 4.92), 2.68 (2.16, 3.20), 2.44 (2.06, 2.82) and 1.34 (1.06, 1.63), respectively. Meta-analysis showed that group 1 (obese, PCOS patients) statistically have the highest IR and group 4 (non-obese, non-PCOS women) have the highest insulin sensitivity. Group 2 (non-obese, PCOS patients) and group 3 (obese, non-PCOS women) were between this range and they had lower IR than group 1 (obese, PCOS) and lower insulin sensitivity than group 4 (non-obese, non-PCOS). So, there were statistical differences between all groups except between groups 2 and 3. Insulin sensitivity indexes (quickie and ISI), also confirm the IR index (HOMA-IR) results. Based on different IR/sensitivity indexes, we found no evidence of any different effects of BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) on IR/sensitivity. In conclusion, PCOS status intensifies the adverse effects of obesity on IR, it has to be appropriately addressed in primary and secondary preventive cares and treatments provided for these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Marzieh Rostami Dovom
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmand
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bahri Khomami
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahsa Noroozzadeh
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Kabir
- c Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- b Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
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Gozukara IO, Pınar N, Ozcan O, Ozgur T, Dokuyucu R, Kurt RK, Kucur SK, Aksoy AN. Effect of colchicine on polycystic ovary syndrome: an experimental study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 293:675-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dumesic DA, Oberfield SE, Stener-Victorin E, Marshall JC, Laven JS, Legro RS. Scientific Statement on the Diagnostic Criteria, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Molecular Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:487-525. [PMID: 26426951 PMCID: PMC4591526 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous and complex disorder that has both adverse reproductive and metabolic implications for affected women. However, there is generally poor understanding of its etiology. Varying expert-based diagnostic criteria utilize some combination of oligo-ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. Criteria that require hyperandrogenism tend to identify a more severe reproductive and metabolic phenotype. The phenotype can vary by race and ethnicity, is difficult to define in the perimenarchal and perimenopausal period, and is exacerbated by obesity. The pathophysiology involves abnormal gonadotropin secretion from a reduced hypothalamic feedback response to circulating sex steroids, altered ovarian morphology and functional changes, and disordered insulin action in a variety of target tissues. PCOS clusters in families and both female and male relatives can show stigmata of the syndrome, including metabolic abnormalities. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of candidate regions, although their role in contributing to PCOS is still largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - John C Marshall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Joop S Laven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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Obesity and inflammatory biomarkers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 192:66-71. [PMID: 26177495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the roles of obesity and inflammatory biomarkers associated with medical complications in women with PCOS. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, BMI-matched study. A total of 330 patients, including 165 women with PCOS and 165 women without PCOS, were evaluated. The insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index - HOMA) and lipid profiles were assessed. The adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, resistin, anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were also measured. RESULTS Women with PCOS had significantly higher AMH, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels and lower SHBG levels compared with the controls. There was no difference in the serum obesity and inflammatory biomarkers between the PCOS cases and the controls. After adjusting for BMI and age, IL-6 was positively correlated with HOMA, and SHBG was negatively correlated with HOMA, triglyceride, and LDL. CONCLUSIONS The serum adipokines levels are not good markers for PCOS. PCOS patients were characterized by their high AMH and low SHBG levels. A low level of SHBG should play an important role in the pathogenesis of the medical complications observed in women with PCOS. Clinical trial registration number NCT01989039.
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Moro F, Tropea A, Scarinci E, Federico A, De Simone C, Caldarola G, Leoncini E, Boccia S, Lanzone A, Apa R. Psoriasis and polycystic ovary syndrome: a new link in different phenotypes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 191:101-5. [PMID: 26115053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women affected by PCOS and psoriasis are more likely to have insulin-resistance, hyperinsulinemia, reduced HDL cholesterol levels and a more severe degree of skin disease than those with psoriasis alone. The mechanism underlying this association between PCOS and psoriasis is currently unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the features of psoriasis and the psoriasis severity scores in the different PCOS phenotypes and in age and body mass index (BMI)-matched psoriatic control patients. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed on 150 psoriatic patients: 94 PCOS and 56 age- and BMI-matched controls. PCOS patients were diagnosed and divided into four phenotypes according to Rotterdam criteria: A - patients with complete phenotype with hyperandrogenism (H) plus oligoamenorrhea (O) plus polycystic ovary (PCO) on ultrasound examination; B - patients with H plus O (without PCO); C - patients with H plus PCO (ovulatory phenotype); D - patients with O plus PCO (without H). The patient's Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) as well as the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) were calculated. A PASI score ≥10 was correlated with common indicator of severe disease. A PGA ≥4 was considered as a condition of moderate to severe disease. RESULTS Among the four phenotypes investigated, the group with complete phenotype (H plus O plus PCO) had a higher prevalence of patients with patient's PASI ≥10 compared to controls (Odds Ratio (OR) 4.71, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.59-13.95). The group with O plus PCO had a higher prevalence of patients with PGA ≥4 compared to controls (OR 26.79, 95% CI 3.40-211.02) while the ovulatory group had a lower prevalence of patients with PGA ≥4 (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.51). CONCLUSIONS The ovulatory phenotype displays a milder psoriasis form than other phenotypes while the phenotypes with oligoamenorrhea presented higher severity scores of disease than other phenotypes and control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Moro
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Tropea
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Scarinci
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alex Federico
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara De Simone
- Institute of Dermatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Caldarola
- Institute of Dermatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Leoncini
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Apa
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Li L, Ryoo JE, Lee KJ, Choi BC, Baek KH. Genetic variation in the Mcp-1 gene promoter associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123045. [PMID: 25902044 PMCID: PMC4406762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a pivotal chemokine in the inflammatory response, which plays an important role in recruiting monocytes to sites of injury and infection. However, the exact mechanism of Mcp-1 associated with PCOS risk was unknown. In this study, we explored whether the Mcp-1 -2518G>A polymorphism increases the risk of PCOS. We performed a comparative study of -2518G>A polymorphism of the Mcp-1 gene with PCOS. In addition, luciferase reporter assay was performed to evaluate the Mcp-1 transcriptional activity. A strong association was observed between the -2518G>A polymorphism of Mcp-1 gene and PCOS (p-value = 0.016, odd ratio (OR) = 0.693). A p-value under 0.05 is considered statistically significant. The genotype and allelic frequencies were assumed to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The luciferase assays in 2 cell lines showed that the Mcp-1 -2518G>A substitution can increase the expression of Mcp-1. MCP-1 levels in serum for PCOS group were significantly higher than those in serum for controls (p-value = 0.02). Furthermore, the patients carrying a genotype A/A had significantly increased levels of MCP-1 in serum compared with levels of the MCP-1 of the patients with genotypes G/G and G/A (p-value = 0.031). This is the first study on the genetic variation of the Mcp-1 gene and PCOS. This finding suggests that the Mcp-1 -2518G>A polymorphism is associated with PCOS risk by affecting transcriptional activity, leading to an increased expression level of Mcp-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Ryoo
- Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ju Lee
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHA University, CHA General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Chae Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CL Women’s Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Gower BA, Goss AM. A lower-carbohydrate, higher-fat diet reduces abdominal and intermuscular fat and increases insulin sensitivity in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes. J Nutr 2015; 145:177S-83S. [PMID: 25527677 PMCID: PMC4264021 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.195065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, particularly visceral and ectopic adiposity, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if restriction of dietary carbohydrate is beneficial for body composition and metabolic health. METHODS Two studies were conducted. In the first, 69 overweight/obese men and women, 53% of whom were European American (EA) and 47% of whom were African American (AA), were provided with 1 of 2 diets (lower-fat diet: 55%, 18%, and 27% of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat, respectively; lower-carbohydrate diet: 43%, 18%, and 39%, respectively) for 8 wk at a eucaloric level and 8 wk at a hypocaloric level. In the second study, 30 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were provided with 2 diets (lower-fat diet: 55%, 18%, and 27% of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat, respectively; lower-carbohydrate diet: 41%, 19%, and 40%, respectively) at a eucaloric level for 8 wk in a random-order crossover design. RESULTS As previously reported, among overweight/obese adults, after the eucaloric phase, participants who consumed the lower-carbohydrate vs. the lower-fat diet lost more intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) (11 ± 3% vs. 1 ± 3%; P < 0.05). After weight loss, participants who consumed the lower-carbohydrate diet had 4.4% less total fat mass. Original to this report, across the entire 16-wk study, AAs lost more fat mass with a lower-carbohydrate diet (6.2 vs. 2.9 kg; P < 0.01), whereas EAs showed no difference between diets. As previously reported, among women with PCOS, the lower-carbohydrate arm showed decreased fasting insulin (-2.8 μIU/mL; P < 0.001) and fasting glucose (-4.7 mg/dL; P < 0.01) and increased insulin sensitivity (1.06 arbitrary units; P < 0.05) and "dynamic" β-cell response (96.1 · 10(9); P < 0.001). In the lower-carbohydrate arm, women lost both IAAT (-4.8 cm(2); P < 0.01) and intermuscular fat (-1.2 cm(2); P < 0.01). In the lower-fat arm, women lost lean mass (-0.6 kg; P < 0.05). Original to this report, after the lower-carbohydrate arm, the change in IAAT was positively associated with the change in tumor necrosis factor α (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A modest reduction in dietary carbohydrate has beneficial effects on body composition, fat distribution, and glucose metabolism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00726908 and NCT01028989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Amy M Goss
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Zhao Y, Zhang C, Huang Y, Yu Y, Li R, Li M, Liu N, Liu P, Qiao J. Up-regulated expression of WNT5a increases inflammation and oxidative stress via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling in the granulosa cells of PCOS patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:201-11. [PMID: 25303486 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the action of WNT5a in the development of chronic inflammation in PCOS and the related molecular signaling pathways. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a prospective study conducted at the Division of Reproduction Center, Peking University Third Hospital. PATIENTS A total of 35 PCOS patients and 87 control women who reported to the clinic for the in vitro procedure and the cause of marital infertility was male azoospermia were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mural granulosa cells (GCs) of 35 PCOS patients and 37 controls were collected during oocyte retrieval and gene expression was analyzed. The human KGN cells and mural GCs from 50 control subjects (six to eight samples were pooled together for each experiment) were cultured in vitro. The regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress was confirmed by quantitative PCR, flow-cytometric assay, and dual-luciferase reporter assay after inflammatory stimuli or WNT5a overexpression. Relevant signaling pathways were identified using specific inhibitors. RESULTS Our data demonstrate significantly elevated WNT5a expression in the mural GCs of PCOS patients compared with the controls. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation increased WNT5a expression in KGN cells and mural GCs, and BAY-117082 and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid [nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor] treatments suppressed WNT5a mRNA below the control level. WNT5a overexpression also enhanced the expression of inflammation-related genes and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, whereas both BAY-117082 and LY-294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) significantly inhibited WNT5a-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS WNT5a acts as a proinflammatory factor in human ovarian GCs. The up-regulated expression of WNT5a in PCOS increases inflammation and oxidative stress predominantly via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. The proinflammatory cytokines induced might further enhance WNT5a expression via NF-κB-dependent regulation, indicating a novel regulatory system for chronic inflammation in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Reproductive Medical Center (Y.Z., C.Z., Y.H., Y.Y., R.L., M.L., N.L., P.L., J.Q.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Y.Z., Y.H., M.L., P.L., J.Q.), Beijing, China 100191; and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Y.Z., C.Z., Y.Y., R.L., N.L., J.Q.), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China 100191
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The Role of Metformin in Metabolic Disturbances during Pregnancy: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Reprod Med 2014; 2014:797681. [PMID: 25763406 PMCID: PMC4334060 DOI: 10.1155/2014/797681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of gestation implicates complex function of multiple endocrine mechanisms, and disruptions of the global metabolic environment prompt profound consequences on fetomaternal well-being during pregnancy and postpartum. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are very frequent conditions which increase risk for pregnancy complications, including early pregnancy loss, pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, and preterm labor, among many others. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both PCOS and GDM, representing an important therapeutic target, with metformin being the most widely prescribed insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drug. Although traditional views neglect use of oral antidiabetic agents during pregnancy, increasing evidence of safety during gestation has led to metformin now being recognized as a valuable tool in prevention of IR-related pregnancy complications and management of GDM. Metformin has been demonstrated to reduce rates of early pregnancy loss and onset of GDM in women with PCOS, and it appears to offer better metabolic control than insulin and other oral antidiabetic drugs during pregnancy. This review aims to summarize key aspects of current evidence concerning molecular and epidemiological knowledge on metformin use during pregnancy in the setting of PCOS and GDM.
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Evaluation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2014; 27:356-9. [PMID: 25256873 PMCID: PMC4536070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often suffer from comorbidities associated with chronic inflammation characterized by elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines. There is limited data on markers of chronic inflammation, in particular Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), in adolescents with PCOS. OBJECTIVES To compare serum levels of TNF-α in overweight or obese adolescents with PCOS and obese controls. In the PCOS group, to correlate serum TNF-α levels with body mass index (BMI) z-score, severity of hyperandrogenism, degree of insulin resistance, and ovarian ultrasonographic characteristics. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of clinical and biochemical findings in 23 overweight or obese adolescent females with PCOS (mean BMI z-score 2, mean age 15.2 yrs) and 12 obese age- and sex-matched controls (mean BMI z-score 2, mean age 14.1 y). All subjects were post-menarchal. Serum TNF-α levels were compared between groups. In the PCOS group, cytokine levels were correlated with BMI z-score, androgen levels, fasting insulin and glucose levels as well as ovarian ultrasonographic features. RESULTS Both groups were comparable in age, BMI z-score, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin. Mean free testosterone was 9.76 ± 5.13 pg/mL in the PCOS group versus 5 ± 2.02 pg/mL in the control group (P = .0092). Serum TNF-α was 7.4 ± 4 pg/mL in the PCOS group versus 4.8 ± 3.16 pg/mL in the control group (P = .0468). There was no significant correlation between serum TNF-α and BMI z-score, free testosterone, fasting insulin, or fasting glucose. No correlation existed between serum TNF-α and ovarian follicle number, distribution, or volume. CONCLUSIONS Serum TNF-α is elevated in overweight/obese adolescents with PCOS. Chronic inflammation in adolescents with PCOS render them at a potential increased risk for the development of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, cancer, infertility, and other comorbidities. Every effort should be made to identify adolescents with PCOS early and initiate aggressive therapy to prevent future complications.
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Androulakis II, Kandaraki E, Christakou C, Karachalios A, Marinakis E, Paterakis T, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is related to the severity of anovulation and other clinical features in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:426-31. [PMID: 24601936 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) includes reproductive and hormonal aberrations. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is an indicator which could connect hyperandrogenism and anovulation. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between VAI, menstrual disorders and hormonal, biochemical and ultrasound parameters in women with PCOS. PATIENTS One hundred and ninety-three women with PCOS diagnosed with Rotterdam criteria. MEASUREMENTS We correlated VAI with metabolic and clinical features of the syndrome and with indices of inflammation and insulin sensitivity. In addition, we classified the patients into four groups according to the severity of menstrual disorders: Group A (n = 42), with severe menstrual disorders, Group B (n = 83), with mild menstrual disorders, Group C (n = 58), without menstrual disorders and Group D (n = 10) with women with sychnominorroia. RESULTS In women with PCOS studied, VAI significantly positively correlated with body weight, fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score, white blood cells, platelets, uric acid, free testosterone, oestradiol, total cholesterol, γ-GT, SGPT. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation between VAI and SHBG, Matsuda index and menstrual cycles per year was documented. From the comparison of the four groups, PCOS women with menstrual disorders had significantly higher VAI and HOMA indices when compared to PCOS without menstrual disorders. CONCLUSIONS Visceral adiposity index is increased in patients with PCOS in concordance with the severity of anovulation, insulin resistance and inflammation. This index could be a very easy and helpful clinical tool in daily practice to predict insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis I Androulakis
- Endocrine Unit, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Xu X, Du C, Zheng Q, Peng L, Sun Y. Effect of metformin on serum interleukin-6 levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:93. [PMID: 25096410 PMCID: PMC4149309 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Most women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and elevated serum IL-6 levels. These elevated IL-6 levels may have links with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Metformin may have beneficial effects on the chronic low-grade inflammatory background associated with PCOS. Methods A systematic review was performed via PUBMED, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library on PCOS studies published through November 30, 2013. Studies were selected that evaluated the effect of metformin on IL-6 levels in PCOS patients. Studies not containing adequate diagnosis information about PCOS or not excluding of other causes of hyperandrogenism were excluded. Results Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, one study reported a significant decrease in IL-6 levels after metformin treatment in women with PCOS. Two studies reported that treatment-related reductions in IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with insulin metabolism. In the remaining two studies, plasma IL-6 levels did not change following metformin treatment. Conclusions Serum IL-6 levels of PCOS patients may be influenced by metformin. Early application of metformin therapy may relieve chronic low-grade inflammation in women with PCOS. However, further investigations with larger samples are needed to better understand the effects of metformin on IL-6 levels and chronic inflammation in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchangxi Road, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252000, China.
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Caserta D, Adducchio G, Picchia S, Ralli E, Matteucci E, Moscarini M. Metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome: an intriguing overlapping. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:397-402. [PMID: 24552422 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.887673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is an increasing pathology in adults and in children, due to a parallel rise of obesity. Sedentary lifestyle, food habits, cultural influences and also a genetic predisposition can cause dyslipidemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance which are the two main features of metabolic syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition directly associated with obesity, insulin resistance (HOMA index) and metabolic syndrome, and it is very interesting for its relationship and overlap with the metabolic syndrome. The relationship between the two syndromes is mutual: PCOS women have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and also women with metabolic syndrome commonly present the reproductive/endocrine trait of PCOS. Prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and PCOS are similar for various aspects. It is necessary to treat excess adiposity and insulin resistance, with the overall goals of preventing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes and improving reproductive failure in young women with PCOS. First of all, lifestyle changes, then pharmacological therapy, bariatric surgery and laparoscopic ovarian surgery represent the pillars for PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Caserta
- Department of Gynecological, Obstetrics and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
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Tosi F, Di Sarra D, Bonin C, Zambotti F, Dall'Alda M, Fiers T, Kaufman JM, Donati M, Franchi M, Zanolin ME, Bonora E, Moghetti P. Plasma levels of pentraxin-3, an inflammatory protein involved in fertility, are reduced in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 170:401-9. [PMID: 24347428 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), like C-reactive protein (CRP), is an acute-phase protein that belongs to the pentraxin superfamily. Moreover, it is expressed in the cumulus oophorus and appears to be involved in female fertility. The aim of the present study was to assess whether PTX3 levels are altered in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women and whether they show any relationship with the main features of these subjects. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of an academic centre. METHODS A total of 66 women affected with PCOS and 51 healthy controls were studied. Plasma PTX3 and serum CRP were measured by ELISA. Androgens were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and free testosterone was measured by equilibrium dialysis. In PCOS women, insulin sensitivity was assessed by the glucose clamp technique. RESULTS Adjusting for age and BMI, plasma PTX3 was reduced in PCOS women (P=0.036), in contrast with serum CRP, which was increased (P=0.004). In multiple regression analysis, serum androgens and other endocrine and ovarian features of PCOS were predictors of PTX3 levels, whereas body fat was the main independent predictor of CRP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Plasma PTX3 levels were reduced in PCOS women and independently associated with hyperandrogenism and other endocrine and ovarian features of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Tosi
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
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Lebbe M, Woodruff T. Involvement of androgens in ovarian health and disease. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:828-37. [PMID: 24026057 PMCID: PMC3843026 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In women, ovary and adrenal gland produce androgens. Androgens are essential drivers of the primordial to antral follicle development, prior to serving as substrate for estrogen production in the later stages of folliculogenesis. Androgens play a crucial role in the follicular-stromal intertalk by fine tuning the extracellular matrix and vessel content of the ovarian stroma. Local auto-and paracrine factors regulate androgen synthesis in the pre-antral follicle. Androgen excess is a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome and is a key contributor in the exaggerated antral follicle formation, stromal hyperplasia and hypervascularity. Hyperandrogenaemia overrides the follicular-stromal dialog, resulting in follicular arrest and disturbed ovulation. On the other hand, androgen deficiency is likely to have a negative impact on fertility as well, and further research is needed to examine the benefits of androgen-replacement therapy in subfertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lebbe
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - T.K. Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Street, Lurie 10-121, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
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Tan BK, Chen J, Adya R, Ramanjaneya M, Patel V, Randeva HS. Metformin increases the novel adipokine adipolin/CTRP12: role of the AMPK pathway. J Endocrinol 2013; 219:101-8. [PMID: 23946431 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adipolin is a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering properties. Lower levels of adipolin are found in obese and diabetic mice. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a pro-inflammatory state associated with obesity and diabetes. To date, there are no human studies on adipolin. Therefore, we measured serum (ELISA) and adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression (RT-PCR) and protein concentrations (western blotting) in PCOS and control subjects. We also investigated the ex vivo effect of glucose and metformin on adipolin protein production in human subcutaneous adipose tissue explants. We report novel data that serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression and protein concentrations were significantly lower in women with PCOS compared with control subjects. Furthermore, Spearman's rank analysis showed that serum adipolin concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and glucose (P<0.05). However, when subjected to multiple regression analysis, none of these variables were predictive of serum adipolin concentrations (P>0.05). Also, subcutaneous adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression and protein concentrations were only significantly negatively correlated with glucose (P<0.05). No significant correlations were found with omental adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression and protein concentrations (P>0.05). Moreover, glucose profoundly reduced and metformin significantly increased adipolin protein production in human adipose tissue explants respectively. Importantly, metformin's effects appear to be via the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee K Tan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Hughes EL, Cover PO, Buckingham JC, Gavins FNE. Role and interactions of annexin A1 and oestrogens in the manifestation of sexual dimorphisms in cerebral and systemic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169:539-53. [PMID: 22897118 PMCID: PMC3682703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gender differences in inflammation are well described, with females often showing more robust, oestrogen-associated responses. Here, we investigated the influence of gender, oestrogen and the anti-inflammatory protein annexin A1 (AnxA1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in murine cerebral and mesenteric microvascular beds. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Intravital microscopy was used to visualize and quantify the effects of LPS (10 μg·per mouse i.p.) on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in male and female wild-type (WT) mice. The effects of ovariectomy ± oestrogen replacement were examined in WT and AnxA1-null (AnxA1(-/-) ) female mice. KEY RESULTS LPS increased leukocyte adherence in the cerebral and mesenteric beds of both male and female WT mice; females showed exacerbated responses in the brain versus males, but not the mesentery. Ovariectomy further enhanced LPS-induced adhesion in the brain but not the mesentery; its effects were reversed by oestrogen treatment. OVX AnxA1(-/-) mice also showed exaggerated adhesive responses to LPS in the brain. However, these were unresponsive to ovariectomy and, paradoxically, responded to oestrogen with a pronounced increase in basal and LPS-induced leukocyte adhesion in the cerebrovasculature. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data confirm the fundamental role of AnxA1 in limiting the inflammatory response in the central and peripheral microvasculature. They also (i) show that oestrogen acts via an AnxA1-dependent mechanism to protect the cerebral, but not the mesenteric, vasculature from the damaging effects of LPS and (ii) reveal a paradoxical and potentially toxic effect of the steroid in potentiating the central response to LPS in the absence of AnxA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Hughes
- Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Patricia O Cover
- Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Julia C Buckingham
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
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Tarantino G, Valentino R, Di Somma C, D'Esposito V, Passaretti F, Pizza G, Brancato V, Orio F, Formisano P, Colao A, Savastano S. Bisphenol A in polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with liver-spleen axis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:447-53. [PMID: 22805002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bisphenol A, one of the highest-volume chemicals currently available, is known to act as endocrine disruptor and alters several metabolic functions, including inflammatory pathways. Elevated serum levels of bisphenol A have been found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a role of low-grade chronic inflammation has been recently reported in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Increased spleen volume, a reliable and stable index of chronic inflammation, was strictly associated with the severity of hepatic steatosis (HS) in obese subjects, determining the so-called liver-spleen axis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of increased serum bisphenol A levels to low-grade chronic inflammation, HS and hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Forty lean and overweight/obese premenopausal women with PCOS and 20 healthy age-matched women were consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional study from 2009 to 2011 at the Federico II University Hospital in Naples. MEASUREMENTS Bisphenol A, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HoMA-IR), laboratory liver tests, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index (FAI), C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and the ultrasound quantification of HS and spleen longitudinal diameter. RESULTS Independently of body weight, higher bisphenol A levels in PCOS women were associated with higher grades of insulin resistance, HS, FAI and inflammation, spleen size showing the best correlation. At multivariate analysis, spleen size and FAI were the best predictors of bisphenol A (β coefficients 0.379, P = 0.007 and 0.343, P = 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In premenopausal women with PCOS, we evidenced an association of serum bisphenol A levels with HS and markers of low-grade inflammation, in particular with spleen size, unravelling the presence of the liver-spleen axis in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Rey-Roldan E, Perez Lana MB, Galluzzo L, Blanco G, Onetto C, Straminsky V, Nolting MP. Is the polycystic ovary syndrome the causative of the increase in inflammatory markers and metabolic risk? Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:141-4. [PMID: 23116196 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.730581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship between the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β and the hormonal and metabolic alterations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Case-control study. CRP, IL-6 and IL-1β were evaluated in combination with obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism parameters in 20 patients with PCO. Twenty healthy women were used as the control. RESULTS The average CRP values was 5.1 in the cases vs. 0.8 mg/L in the control group (p < 0.0001). The IL-6 average values were 2.77 in the cases vs. 2.70 pg/ml in the control group (p = 0.254). IL-1β levels were found to be within the normal range in all individuals. A positive correlation was found between the CRP values and the IR (p < 0.0001) as well as with the presence of obesity (p < 0.02). No correlation was found between PCR and hyperandrogenemia (p = 0.4) nor between IL-6 values and IR (p = 0.3), or between the levels of this cytokine and the presence of hyperandrogenemia (p = 0.2). A significant correlation was found between IL-6 levels and obesity (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the presence of a chronic inflammation status in young women with PCO. These parameters are mainly related to obesity and, to a lesser extent, to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Rey-Roldan
- Dr RA Margni, Humoral Immunity Studies Institute, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tarantino G, Di Somma C, Pizza G, Brancato V, Nedi V, Valentino R, Orio F, Pivonello C, Colao A, Savastano S. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hepatic Steatosis: Could Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation Be Mediated by the Spleen? EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by an extreme variety of phenotypes and controversial metabolic implications. Hepatic Steatosis (HS) and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) might be common findings in PCOS. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the LGCI and HS in young women with PCOS according to their Body Mass index (BMI), Insulin Resistance (IR), and PCOS phenotypes. Sixty young premenopausal PCOS women and 20 age-matched controls participated. Primary outcome measures were the presence/severity of HS; LGCI index evaluated as spleen longitudinal diameter (SLD) by UltraSound, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Interleukin (IL)-6 levels; BMI and the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HoMA) of IR. The second outcome measures were testosterone, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) levels, and Free Androgen Index (FAI). The presence of HS and LGCI was not significantly different between NW and O/O patients, while there were significant differences particularly when the PCOS-women were grouped according to IR or to PCOS phenotypes. At multiple regression adjusted for BMI, HoMA-IR and the spleen size were the major determinants of the severity of HS (β= 0.36, p=0.007, and β= 0.28, p=0.034, respectively). At multiple regression SLD represented the unique predictor of FAI (β=0.32; p=0.018). In young women with PCOS, HS was detected independently from obesity and was well predicted not only by IR but also by spleen size, with variable expression of the liver-spleen axis across the different PCOS subtypes. A possible role of the spleen in determining LGCI also in women with PCOS is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Tarantino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
| | | | - G. Pizza
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
| | - V. Brancato
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
| | - V. Nedi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
| | - R. Valentino
- C.N.R. Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, Naples, Italy
| | - F. Orio
- Department of Endocrinology, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
| | - C. Pivonello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
| | - A. Colao
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
| | - S. Savastano
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
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Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:981-1030. [PMID: 23065822 PMCID: PMC5393155 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1041] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is now recognized as an important metabolic as well as reproductive disorder conferring substantially increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Affected women have marked insulin resistance, independent of obesity. This article summarizes the state of the science since we last reviewed the field in the Endocrine Reviews in 1997. There is general agreement that obese women with PCOS are insulin resistant, but some groups of lean affected women may have normal insulin sensitivity. There is a post-binding defect in receptor signaling likely due to increased receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 serine phosphorylation that selectively affects metabolic but not mitogenic pathways in classic insulin target tissues and in the ovary. Constitutive activation of serine kinases in the MAPK-ERK pathway may contribute to resistance to insulin's metabolic actions in skeletal muscle. Insulin functions as a co-gonadotropin through its cognate receptor to modulate ovarian steroidogenesis. Genetic disruption of insulin signaling in the brain has indicated that this pathway is important for ovulation and body weight regulation. These insights have been directly translated into a novel therapy for PCOS with insulin-sensitizing drugs. Furthermore, androgens contribute to insulin resistance in PCOS. PCOS may also have developmental origins due to androgen exposure at critical periods or to intrauterine growth restriction. PCOS is a complex genetic disease, and first-degree relatives have reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. Several PCOS genetic susceptibility loci have been mapped and replicated. Some of the same susceptibility genes contribute to disease risk in Chinese and European PCOS populations, suggesting that PCOS is an ancient trait.
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