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Wu Z, Shen Z, Xu Y, Chen S, Xiao S, Ye J, Zhang H, Ma X, Zhu Y, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Fang J, Liu B, He X, Gao S, Shao X, Liu J, Fang J. A neural circuit associated with anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic inflammatory pain and the anxiolytic effects of electroacupuncture. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14520. [PMID: 38018559 PMCID: PMC11017463 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Negative emotions induced by chronic pain are a serious clinical problem. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a clinically proven safe and effective method to manage pain-related negative emotions. However, the circuit mechanisms underlying the effect of EA treatment on negative emotions remain unclear. METHODS Plantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was performed to establish a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) tracing was used to identify excitatory synaptic transmission from the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Employing chemogenetic approaches, we examined the role of the rACC-DRN circuit in chronic pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors and investigated whether EA could reverse chronic pain-induced dysfunctions of the rACC-DRN circuit and anxiety-like behaviors. RESULTS We found that chemogenetic activation of the rACC-DRN circuit alleviated CFA-induced anxiety-like behaviors, while chemogenetic inhibition of the rACC-DRN circuit resulted in short-term CFA-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Further research revealed that the development of CFA-induced anxiety-like behaviors was attributed to the dysfunction of rACC CaMKII neurons projecting to DRN serotonergic neurons (rACCCaMKII-DRN5-HT neurons) but not rACC CaMKII neurons projecting to DRN GABAergic neurons (rACCCaMKII-DRNGABA neurons). This is supported by the findings that chemogenetic activation of the rACCCaMKII-DRN5-HT circuit alleviates anxiety-like behaviors in rats with chronic pain, whereas neither chemogenetic inhibition nor chemogenetic activation of the rACCCaMKII-DRNGABA circuit altered CFA chronic pain-evoked anxiety-like behaviors in rats. More importantly, we found that EA could reverse chronic pain-induced changes in the activity of rACC CaMKII neurons and DRN 5-HTergic neurons and that chemogenetic inhibition of the rACCCaMKII-DRN5-HT circuit blocked the therapeutic effects of EA on chronic pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the reversal of rACCCaMKII-DRN5-HT circuit dysfunction may be a mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of EA on chronic pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustionthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yingling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Shaozong Chen
- Institution of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Siqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xixiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junfan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Boyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaofen He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shuzhong Gao
- Institution of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jinggen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- National Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustionthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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Petrucci AN, Jones AR, Kreitlow BL, Buchanan GF. Peri-ictal activation of dorsomedial dorsal raphe serotonin neurons reduces mortality associated with maximal electroshock seizures. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae052. [PMID: 38487550 PMCID: PMC10939444 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Over one-third of patients with epilepsy will develop refractory epilepsy and continue to experience seizures despite medical treatment. These patients are at the greatest risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. The precise mechanisms underlying sudden unexpected death in epilepsy are unknown, but cardiorespiratory dysfunction and arousal impairment have been implicated. Substantial circumstantial evidence suggests serotonin is relevant to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy as it modulates sleep/wake regulation, breathing and arousal. The dorsal raphe nucleus is a major serotonergic center and a component of the ascending arousal system. Seizures disrupt the firing of dorsal raphe neurons, which may contribute to reduced responsiveness. However, the relevance of the dorsal raphe nucleus and its subnuclei to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy remains unclear. The dorsomedial dorsal raphe may be a salient target due to its role in stress and its connections with structures implicated in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. We hypothesized that optogenetic activation of dorsomedial dorsal raphe serotonin neurons in TPH2-ChR2-YFP (n = 26) mice and wild-type (n = 27) littermates before induction of a maximal electroshock seizure would reduce mortality. In this study, pre-seizure activation of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons reduced mortality in TPH2-ChR2-YFP mice with implants aimed at the dorsomedial dorsal raphe. These results implicate the dorsomedial dorsal raphe in this novel circuit influencing seizure-induced mortality. It is our hope that these results and future experiments will define circuit mechanisms that could ultimately reduce sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Petrucci
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Allysa R Jones
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin L Kreitlow
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gordon F Buchanan
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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3
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Ren L. The mechanistic basis for the rapid antidepressant-like effects of ketamine: From neural circuits to molecular pathways. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110910. [PMID: 38061484 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Conventional antidepressants that target monoaminergic receptors require several weeks to be efficacious. This lag represents a significant problem in the currently available treatments for serious depression. Ketamine, acting as an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, was shown to have rapid antidepressant-like effects, marking a significant advancement in the study of mood disorders. However, serious side effects and adverse reactions limit its clinical use. Considering the limitations of ketamine, it is crucial to further define the network targets of ketamine. The rapid action of ketamine an as antidepressant is thought to be mediated by the glutamate system. It is believed that synaptic plasticity is essential for the rapid effects of ketamine as an antidepressant. Other mechanisms include the involvement of the γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic), 5-HTergic systems, and recent studies have linked astrocytes to ketamine's rapid antidepressant-like effects. The interactions between these systems exert a synergistic rapid antidepressant effect through neural circuits and molecular mechanisms. Here, we discuss the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying the action of ketamine. This work will help explain how molecular and neural targets are responsible for the effects of rapidly acting antidepressants and will aid in the discovery of new therapeutic approaches for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Chengdu 611137, China.
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4
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Ventresca C, Mohamed W, Russel WA, Ay A, Ingram KK. Machine learning analyses reveal circadian clock features predictive of anxiety among UK biobank participants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22304. [PMID: 38102312 PMCID: PMC10724169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders, including depression and anxiety, affect almost one-fifth of the world's adult population and are becoming increasingly prevalent. Mutations in circadian clock genes have previously been associated with mood disorders both directly and indirectly through alterations in circadian phase, suggesting that the circadian clock influences multiple molecular pathways involved in mood. By targeting previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been implicated in anxiety and depressive disorders, we use a combination of statistical and machine learning techniques to investigate associations with the generalized anxiety disorder assessment (GAD-7) scores in a UK Biobank sample of 90,882 individuals. As in previous studies, we observed that females exhibited higher GAD-7 scores than males regardless of genotype. Interestingly, we found no significant effects on anxiety from individual circadian gene variants; only circadian genotypes with multiple SNP variants showed significant associations with anxiety. For both sexes, severe anxiety is associated with a 120-fold increase in odds for individuals with CRY2_AG(rs1083852)/ZBTB20_TT(rs1394593) genotypes and is associated with a near 40-fold reduction in odds for individuals with PER3-A_CG(rs228697)/ZBTB20_TT(rs1394593) genotypes. We also report several sex-specific associations with anxiety. In females, the CRY2/ZBTB20 genotype combination showed a > 200-fold increase in odds of anxiety and PER3/ZBTB20 and CRY1 /PER3-A genotype combinations also appeared as female risk factors. In males, CRY1/PER3-A and PER3-B/ZBTB20 genotype combinations were associated with anxiety risk. Mediation analysis revealed direct associations of CRY2/ZBTB20 variant genotypes with moderate anxiety in females and CRY1/PER3-A variant genotypes with severe anxiety in males. The association of CRY1/PER3-A variant genotypes with severe anxiety in females was partially mediated by extreme evening chronotype. Our results reinforce existing findings that females exhibit stronger anxiety outcomes than males, and provide evidence for circadian gene associations with anxiety, particularly in females. Our analyses only identified significant associations using two-gene combinations, underscoring the importance of combined gene effects on anxiety risk. We describe novel, robust associations between gene combinations involving the ZBTB20 SNP (rs1394593) and risk of anxiety symptoms in a large population sample. Our findings also support previous findings that the ZBTB20 SNP is an important factor in mood disorders, including seasonal affective disorder. Our results suggest that reduced expression of this gene significantly modulates the risk of anxiety symptoms through direct influences on mood-related pathways. Together, these observations provide novel links between the circadian clockwork and anxiety symptoms and identify potential molecular pathways through which clock genes may influence anxiety risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Ventresca
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | | | - Ahmet Ay
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Krista K Ingram
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA.
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5
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Fan S, Guo W, Xiao D, Guan M, Liao T, Peng S, Feng A, Wang Z, Yin H, Li M, Chen J, Xiong W. Microbiota-gut-brain axis drives overeating disorders. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2011-2027.e7. [PMID: 37794596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Overeating disorders (ODs), usually stemming from dieting history and stress, remain a pervasive issue in contemporary society, with the pathological mechanisms largely unresolved. Here, we show that alterations in intestinal microbiota are responsible for the excessive intake of palatable foods in OD mice and patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). Stress combined with a history of dieting causes significant changes in the microbiota and the intestinal metabolism, which disinhibit the vagus nerve terminals in the gut and thereby lead to a subsequent hyperactivation of the gut-brain axis passing through the vagus, the solitary tract nucleus, and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The transplantation of a probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii or dietary supplement of key metabolites restores the activity of the gut-to-brain pathway and thereby alleviates the OD symptoms. Thus, our study delineates how the microbiota-gut-brain axis mediates energy balance, unveils the underlying pathogenesis of the OD, and provides potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Mengyuan Guan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tiepeng Liao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Sufang Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Airong Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jue Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, Hefei 230026, China.
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6
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de Leeuw M, Verhoeve SI, van der Wee NJA, van Hemert AM, Vreugdenhil E, Coomans CP. The role of the circadian system in the etiology of depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105383. [PMID: 37678570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have evolved in almost all organisms enabling them to anticipate alternating changes in the environment. As a consequence, the circadian clock controls a broad range of bodily functions including appetite, sleep, activity and cortisol levels. The circadian clock synchronizes itself to the external world mainly by environmental light cues and can be disturbed by a variety of factors, including shift-work, jet-lag, stress, ageing and artificial light at night. Interestingly, mood has also been shown to follow a diurnal rhythm. Moreover, circadian disruption has been associated with various mood disorders and patients suffering from depression have irregular biological rhythms in sleep, appetite, activity and cortisol levels suggesting that circadian rhythmicity is crucially involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. The aim of the present review is to give an overview and discuss recent findings in both humans and rodents linking a disturbed circadian rhythm to depression. Understanding the relation between a disturbed circadian rhythm and the etiology of depression may lead to novel therapeutic and preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max de Leeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone B1-P, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands; Mental Health Care Rivierduinen, Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Clinic, PO Box 405, Leiden 2300 AK, the Netherlands.
| | - Sanne I Verhoeve
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone B1-P, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Albert M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone B1-P, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Erno Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
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Mendiguren A, Aostri E, Rodilla I, Pujana I, Noskova E, Pineda J. Cannabigerol modulates α 2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT 1A receptor-mediated electrophysiological effects on dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus neurons and anxiety behavior in rat. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1183019. [PMID: 37305529 PMCID: PMC10249961 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1183019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological profile of cannabigerol (CBG), which acid form constitutes the main precursor of the most abundant cannabinoids, has been scarcely studied. It has been reported to target α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor. The locus coeruleus (LC) and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are the main serotonergic (5-HT) and noradrenergic (NA) areas in the rat brain, respectively. We aimed to study the effect of CBG on the firing rate of LC NA cells and DRN 5-HT cells and on α2-adrenergic and 5-HT1A autoreceptors by electrophysiological techniques in male Sprague-Dawley rat brain slices. The effect of CBG on the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) and the elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and the involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor was also studied. CBG (30 μM, 10 min) slightly changed the firing rate of NA cells but failed to alter the inhibitory effect of NA (1-100 µM). However, in the presence of CBG the inhibitory effect of the selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist UK14304 (10 nM) was decreased. Perfusion with CBG (30 μM, 10 min) did not change the firing rate of DRN 5-HT cells or the inhibitory effect of 5-HT (100 μM, 1 min) but it reduced the inhibitory effect of ipsapirone (100 nM). CBG failed to reverse ipsapirone-induced inhibition whereas perfusion with the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (30 nM) completely restored the firing rate of DRN 5-HT cells. In the EPMT, CBG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the percentage of time the rats spent on the open arms and the number of head-dipping but it reduced the anxiety index. In the NSFT, CBG decreased the time latency to eat in the novel environment but it did not alter home-cage consumption. The effect of CBG on the reduction of latency to feed was prevented by pretreatment with WAY100635 (1 mg/kg, i.p.). In conclusion, CBG hinders the inhibitory effect produced by selective α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor agonists on the firing rate of NA-LC and 5-HT-DRN neurons by a yet unknown indirect mechanism in rat brain slices and produces anxiolytic-like effects through 5-HT1A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitziber Mendiguren
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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8
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Lemes JA, Silva MSCF, Gonçalves BSM, Céspedes IC, Viana MB. Deep Brain Stimulation of the dorsal raphe induces anxiolytic and panicolytic-like effects and alters serotonin immunoreactivity. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114462. [PMID: 37121276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Previously we showed that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the dorsal region (DRD) and of the lateral wings of the dorsal raphe (lwDR) respectively decreases anxiety and panic-like responses in the elevated T-maze (ETM). This study investigates neurobiological alterations which might respond for these behavioral effects. Male Wistar rats were submitted to high-frequency stimulation (100µA, 100Hz) of the DRD or of the lwDR for 1h, and subsequently tested in the avoidance or escape tasks of the ETM. Since serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors are first line pharmacological treatment for anxiety disorders, we also tested the effects of chronic fluoxetine administration (10mg/kg, IP, 21 days) on a separate group of rats. An open field was used for locomotor activity assessment. Additionally, we evaluated c-Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-ir) in serotonergic cells of the dorsal raphe (DR). Results showed that DBS of the DRD decreases avoidance reactions, an anxiolytic-like effect, without altering escape or locomotor activity. Both fluoxetine and DBS of the lwDR decreased escape responses in the ETM, a panicolytic-like effect, without altering avoidance measurements or locomotor activity. While DBS of the DRD decreased double immunostaining in the DRD, DBS of the lwDR increased Fos-ir and double immunostaining in the DRD and lwDR. Fluoxetine also increased double immunostaining in the lwDR and in the DRV but decreased it in the DRD. These results suggest that both the anxiolytic and panicolytic-like effects of DBS and fluoxetine are related to 5-HT modulation in different subnuclei of the DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lemes
- Departamento de Biociências, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | - M S C F Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | - B S M Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biociências, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | - I C Céspedes
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil.
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Christianson JP. An Insula-Enriched Regulator of Retinoic Acid Marks a New Intersection in the Neural Circuitry of Mouse Social Behavior. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:262-264. [PMID: 37002691 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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10
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Vila-Merkle H, González-Martínez A, Campos-Jiménez R, Martínez-Ricós J, Teruel-Martí V, Lloret A, Blasco-Serra A, Cervera-Ferri A. Sex differences in amygdalohippocampal oscillations and neuronal activation in a rodent anxiety model and in response to infralimbic deep brain stimulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1122163. [PMID: 36910127 PMCID: PMC9995972 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Depression and anxiety are highly comorbid mental disorders with marked sex differences. Both disorders show altered activity in the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Infralimbic deep brain stimulation (DBS-IL) has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to contribute to understanding sex differences in the neurobiology of these disorders. Methods In male and female rats, we recorded neural oscillations along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus and the amygdala in response to an anxiogenic drug, FG-7142. Following this, we applied DBS-IL. Results Surprisingly, in females, the anxiogenic drug failed to induce most of the changes observed in males. We found sex differences in slow, delta, theta, and beta oscillations, and the amygdalo-hippocampal communication in response to FG-7142, with modest changes in females. Females had a more prominent basal gamma, and the drug altered this band only in males. We also analyzed c-Fos expression in both sexes in stress-related structures in response to FG-7142, DBS-IL, and combined interventions. With the anxiogenic drug, females showed reduced expression in the nucleus incertus, amygdala, septohippocampal network, and neocortical levels. In both experiments, the DBS-IL reversed FG-7142-induced effects, with a more substantial effect in males than females. Discussion Here, we show a reduced response in female rats which contrasts with the higher prevalence of anxiety in women but is consistent with other studies in rodents. Our results open compelling questions about sex differences in the neurobiology of anxiety and depression and their study in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Vila-Merkle
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia González-Martínez
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rut Campos-Jiménez
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joana Martínez-Ricós
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Teruel-Martí
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, CIBERFES, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Blasco-Serra
- Study Group for the Anatomical Substrate of Pain and Analgesia (GESADA) Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Li Y, Cao Q, Hou Z, Tang B, Shen Y. Transcranial Sonography as a Diagnostic Tool for Depressive Disorders. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:687-699. [PMID: 36047031 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial sonography (TCS) is an available and noninvasive neuroimaging method that has been found to reduce the echogenicity of the brainstem raphe (BR) in patients with depression. Applying the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV), we performed a meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of TCS. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The databases were searched from inception to December 2021. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the QUADAS-2. Heterogeneity analysis was performed. A summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was generated to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of TCS. RESULTS We included 12 studies with 809 patients. The pooled sensitivity was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61-0.71), and the specificity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.80-0.87). The combined positive likelihood ratio (LR) was 3.84 (95% CI: 2.68-5.51), the negative LR was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.29-0.57), and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 11.45 (95% CI: 5.57-23.02). The area under the curve (AUC) of the plotted SROC curve was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89). The meta-regression and subgroup analyses found no source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION TCS has high potential and efficacy in diagnosing depression and may be a reasonable test to perform clinically for the assessment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Department of neuroelectrophysiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhuo Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Boji Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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12
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He J, Yan JJ, Zha X, Ding XJ, Zhang YL, Lu Z, Xu XH. Sexually dimorphic effects of estrogen receptor 2 deletion in the dorsal raphe nucleus on emotional behaviors. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13195. [PMID: 36072992 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in emotional behaviors and affective disorders have been widely noted, of which sexually dimorphic secretion of gonadal steroid hormones such as estrogen is suspected to play a role. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. We noted that the expression of estrogen receptor 2 (Esr2, or ERβ), a key mediator of estrogen signaling in the brain, was enriched in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a region involved in emotion regulation. To investigate whether DRN Esr2 expression confers sex-specific susceptibility or vulnerability in emotional behaviors, we generated a conditional allele of Esr2 that allowed for site-specific deletion of Esr2 in the DRN via local injection of Cre-expressing viruses. DRN-specific Esr2 deletion mildly increased anxiety behaviors in females, as shown by decreased time spent in the center zone of an open field in knockout females. By contrast, DRN Esr2 deletion had no effects on anxiety levels in males, as demonstrated by knockout males spending comparable time in the center zone of an open field and open arms of an elevated-plus maze. Furthermore, in the tail suspension test, DRN Esr2 deletion reduced immobility, a depression-like behavior, in a male-biased manner. Together, these results reveal sex-specific functions of DRN Esr2 in regulating emotional behaviors and suggest targeted manipulation of DRN Esr2 signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat sex-biased affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zha
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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13
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Levinson S, Miller M, Iftekhar A, Justo M, Arriola D, Wei W, Hazany S, Avecillas-Chasin JM, Kuhn TP, Horn A, Bari AA. A structural connectivity atlas of limbic brainstem nuclei. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2023; 1:1009399. [PMID: 37555163 PMCID: PMC10406319 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.1009399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding the structural connectivity of key brainstem nuclei with limbic cortical regions is essential to the development of therapeutic neuromodulation for depression, chronic pain, addiction, anxiety and movement disorders. Several brainstem nuclei have been identified as the primary central nervous system (CNS) source of important monoaminergic ascending fibers including the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus, and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area. However, due to practical challenges to their study, there is limited data regarding their in vivo anatomic connectivity in humans. Objective To evaluate the structural connectivity of the following brainstem nuclei with limbic cortical areas: locus coeruleus, ventral tegmental area, periaqueductal grey, dorsal raphe nucleus, and nucleus tractus solitarius. Additionally, to develop a group average atlas of these limbic brainstem structures to facilitate future analyses. Methods Each nucleus was manually masked from 197 Human Connectome Project (HCP) structural MRI images using FSL software. Probabilistic tractography was performed using FSL's FMRIB Diffusion Toolbox. Connectivity with limbic cortical regions was calculated and compared between brainstem nuclei. Results were aggregated to produce a freely available MNI structural atlas of limbic brainstem structures. Results A general trend was observed for a high probability of connectivity to the amygdala, hippocampus and DLPFC with relatively lower connectivity to the orbitofrontal cortex, NAc, hippocampus and insula. The locus coeruleus and nucleus tractus solitarius demonstrated significantly greater connectivity to the DLPFC than amygdala while the periaqueductal grey, dorsal raphe nucleus, and ventral tegmental area did not demonstrate a significant difference between these two structures. Conclusion Monoaminergic and other modulatory nuclei in the brainstem project widely to cortical limbic regions. We describe the structural connectivity across the several key brainstem nuclei theorized to influence emotion, reward, and cognitive functions. An increased understanding of the anatomic basis of the brainstem's role in emotion and other reward-related processing will support targeted neuromodulatary therapies aimed at alleviating the symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Levinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Stanford Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA, United States
| | - Michelle Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ahmed Iftekhar
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Monica Justo
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Arriola
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wenxin Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Saman Hazany
- Department of Radiology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Taylor P. Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital Neurosurgery and Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR) at MGH Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ausaf A. Bari
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Natsubori A, Hirai S, Kwon S, Ono D, Deng F, Wan J, Miyazawa M, Kojima T, Okado H, Karashima A, Li Y, Tanaka KF, Honda M. Serotonergic neurons control cortical neuronal intracellular energy dynamics by modulating astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. iScience 2023; 26:105830. [PMID: 36713262 PMCID: PMC9881222 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The central serotonergic system has multiple roles in animal physiology and behavior, including sleep-wake control. However, its function in controlling brain energy metabolism according to the state of animals remains undetermined. Through in vivo monitoring of energy metabolites and signaling, we demonstrated that optogenetic activation of raphe serotonergic neurons increased cortical neuronal intracellular concentration of ATP, an indispensable cellular energy molecule, which was suppressed by inhibiting neuronal uptake of lactate derived from astrocytes. Raphe serotonergic neuronal activation induced cortical astrocytic Ca2+ and cAMP surges and increased extracellular lactate concentrations, suggesting the facilitation of lactate release from astrocytes. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of raphe serotonergic neurons partly attenuated the increase in cortical neuronal intracellular ATP levels as arousal increased in mice. Serotonergic neuronal activation promoted an increase in cortical neuronal intracellular ATP levels, partly mediated by the facilitation of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, contributing to state-dependent optimization of neuronal intracellular energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Natsubori
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan,Corresponding author
| | - Shinobu Hirai
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ono
- Department of Neuroscience Ⅱ, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinxia Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Momoka Miyazawa
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan,Faculty of Science Division Ⅱ, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Akihiro Karashima
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai 982-8577, Japan
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kenji F. Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Honda
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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15
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Süß ST, Olbricht LM, Herlitze S, Spoida K. Constitutive 5-HT2C receptor knock-out facilitates fear extinction through altered activity of a dorsal raphe-bed nucleus of the stria terminalis pathway. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:487. [PMID: 36402746 PMCID: PMC9675804 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 2C receptors (5-HT2CRs) are widely distributed throughout the brain and are strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although in recent years, a considerable amount of evidence supports 5-HT2CRs facilitating effect on anxiety behavior, the involvement in learned fear responses and fear extinction is rather unexplored. Here, we used a 5-HT2CR knock-out mouse line (2CKO) to gain new insights into the involvement of 5-HT2CRs in the neuronal fear circuitry. Using a cued fear conditioning paradigm, our results revealed that global loss of 5-HT2CRs exclusively accelerates fear extinction, without affecting fear acquisition and fear expression. To investigate the neuronal substrates underlying the extinction enhancing effect, we mapped the immediate-early gene product cFos, a marker for neuronal activity, in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Surprisingly, besides extinction-associated changes, our results revealed alterations in neuronal activity even under basal home cage conditions in specific subregions of the DRN and the BNST in 2CKO mice. Neuronal activity in the dorsal BNST was shifted in an extinction-supporting direction due to 5-HT2CR knock-out. Finally, the assessment of DRN-BNST connectivity using antero- and retrograde tracing techniques uncovered a discrete serotonergic pathway projecting from the most caudal subregion of the DRN (DRC) to the anterodorsal portion of the BNST (BNSTad). This serotonergic DRC-BNSTad pathway showed increased neuronal activity in 2CKO mice. Thus, our results provide new insights for the fear extinction network by revealing a specific serotonergic DRC-BNSTad pathway underlying a 5-HT2CR-sensitive mechanism with high significance in the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Süß
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, ND7/31, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Linda M Olbricht
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, ND7/31, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, ND7/31, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Spoida
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, ND7/31, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany.
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16
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Kourosh-Arami M, Gholami M, Alavi-Kakhki SS, Komaki A. Neural correlates and potential targets for the contribution of orexin to addiction in cortical and subcortical areas. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102259. [PMID: 35714437 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The orexin (hypocretin) is one of the hypothalamic neuropeptides that plays a critical role in some behaviors including feeding, sleep, arousal, reward processing, and drug addiction. This variety of functions can be described by a united function for orexins in translating states of heightened motivation, for example during physiological requirement states or following exposure to reward opportunities, into planned goal-directed behaviors. An addicted state is characterized by robust activation of orexin neurons from the environment, which triggers downstream circuits to facilitate behavior directed towards obtaining the drug. Two orexin receptors 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) are widely distributed in the brain. Here, we will introduce and describe the cortical and subcortical brain areas involved in addictive-like behaviors and the impact of orexin on addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Seyed Sajjad Alavi-Kakhki
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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17
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Gaszner T, Farkas J, Kun D, Ujvári B, Berta G, Csernus V, Füredi N, Kovács LÁ, Hashimoto H, Reglődi D, Kormos V, Gaszner B. Fluoxetine treatment supports predictive validity of the three hit model of depression in male PACAP heterozygous mice and underpins the impact of early life adversity on therapeutic efficacy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:995900. [PMID: 36213293 PMCID: PMC9537566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.995900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the three hit concept of depression, interaction of genetic predisposition altered epigenetic programming and environmental stress factors contribute to the disease. Earlier we demonstrated the construct and face validity of our three hit concept-based mouse model. In the present work, we aimed to examine the predictive validity of our model, the third willnerian criterion. Fluoxetine treatment was applied in chronic variable mild stress (CVMS)-exposed (environmental hit) CD1 mice carrying one mutated allele of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide gene (genetic hit) that were previously exposed to maternal deprivation (epigenetic hit) vs. controls. Fluoxetine reduced the anxiety level in CVMS-exposed mice in marble burying test, and decreased the depression level in tail suspension test if mice were not deprived maternally. History of maternal deprivation caused fundamental functional-morphological changes in response to CVMS and fluoxetine treatment in the corticotropin-releasing hormone-producing cells of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and central amygdala, in tyrosine-hydroxylase content of ventral tegmental area, in urocortin 1-expressing cells of the centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and serotonergic cells of the dorsal raphe nucleus. The epigenetic background of alterations was approved by altered acetylation of histone H3. Our findings further support the validity of both the three hit concept and that of our animal model. Reversal of behavioral and functional-morphological anomalies by fluoxetine treatment supports the predictive validity of the model. This study highlights that early life stress does not only interact with the genetic and environmental factors, but has strong influence also on therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kun
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ujvári
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Valér Csernus
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Füredi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Ákos Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Group Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kormos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience & Szentágothai Research Centre, University Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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18
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Mendiguren A, Aostri E, Alberdi E, Pérez-Samartín A, Pineda J. Functional characterization of cannabidiol effect on the serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus in rat brain slices. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956886. [PMID: 36147343 PMCID: PMC9485894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant, elicits several pharmacological effects via the 5-HT1A receptor. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is the main serotonergic cluster in the brain that expresses the 5-HT1A receptor. To date, the effect of CBD on the neuronal activity of DRN 5-HT cells and its interaction with somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors have not been characterized. Our aim was to study the effect of CBD on the firing activity of DRN 5-HT cells and the 5-HT1A autoreceptor activation by electrophysiological and calcium imaging techniques in male Sprague–Dawley rat brain slices. Perfusion with CBD (30 μM, 10 min) did not significantly change the firing rate of DRN 5-HT cells or the inhibitory effect of 5-HT (50–100 μM, 1 min). However, in the presence of CBD (30 μM, 10 min), the inhibitory effects of 8-OH-DPAT (10 nM) and ipsapirone (100 nM) were reduced by 66% and 53%, respectively. CBD failed to reverse ipsapirone-induced inhibition, whereas perfusion with the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (30 nM) completely restored by 97.05 ± 14.63% the firing activity of 5-HT cells. Administration of AM251 (1 µM), MDL100907 (30 nM), or picrotoxin (20 μM) did not change the blockade produced by CBD (30 μM) on ipsapirone-induced inhibition. Our study also shows that CBD failed to modify the KCl (15 mM, 4 min)-evoked increase in [Ca2+]i or the inhibitory effect of ipsapirone (1 μM, 4 min) on KCl-evoked [Ca2+]i. In conclusion, CBD does not activate 5-HT1A autoreceptors, but it hindered the inhibitory effect produced by selective 5-HT1A receptor agonists on the firing activity of DRN 5-HT cells through a mechanism that does not involve CB1, 5-HT2A, or GABAA receptors. Our data support a negative allosteric modulation of DRN somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptor by CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitziber Mendiguren
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- *Correspondence: Aitziber Mendiguren,
| | - Erik Aostri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Elena Alberdi
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Samartín
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Joseba Pineda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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19
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Brisch R, Wojtylak S, Saniotis A, Steiner J, Gos T, Kumaratilake J, Henneberg M, Wolf R. The role of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders and suicide. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:929-945. [PMID: 34595576 PMCID: PMC9388452 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review examines the possible role of microglial cells, first, in neuroinflammation and, second, in schizophrenia, depression, and suicide. Recent research on the interactions between microglia, astrocytes and neurons and their involvement in pathophysiological processes of neuropsychiatric disorders is presented. This review focuses on results from postmortem, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies, and animal models of schizophrenia and depression. Third, the effects of antipsychotic and antidepressant drug therapy, and of electroconvulsive therapy on microglial cells are explored and the upcoming development of therapeutic drugs targeting microglia is described. Finally, there is a discussion on the role of microglia in the evolutionary progression of human lineage. This view may contribute to a new understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Brisch
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Szymon Wojtylak
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Arthur Saniotis
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmacy, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jaliya Kumaratilake
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Wolf
- Department of Nursing and Health, Hochschule Fulda, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
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20
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Tan JXM, Ang RJW, Wee CL. Larval Zebrafish as a Model for Mechanistic Discovery in Mental Health. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:900213. [PMID: 35813062 PMCID: PMC9263853 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential for the discovery of mechanisms and treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, complex mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety are difficult to fully recapitulate in these models. Borrowing from the field of psychiatric genetics, we reiterate the framework of 'endophenotypes' - biological or behavioral markers with cellular, molecular or genetic underpinnings - to reduce complex disorders into measurable behaviors that can be compared across organisms. Zebrafish are popular disease models due to the conserved genetic, physiological and anatomical pathways between zebrafish and humans. Adult zebrafish, which display more sophisticated behaviors and cognition, have long been used to model psychiatric disorders. However, larvae (up to 1 month old) are more numerous and also optically transparent, and hence are particularly suited for high-throughput screening and brain-wide neural circuit imaging. A number of behavioral assays have been developed to quantify neuropsychiatric phenomena in larval zebrafish. Here, we will review these assays and the current knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms of their behavioral readouts. We will also discuss the existing evidence linking larval zebrafish behavior to specific human behavioral traits and how the endophenotype framework can be applied. Importantly, many of the endophenotypes we review do not solely define a diseased state but could manifest as a spectrum across the general population. As such, we make the case for larval zebrafish as a promising model for extending our understanding of population mental health, and for identifying novel therapeutics and interventions with broad impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Lei Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Glover ME, Unroe KA, Moughnyeh MM, McCoy C, Kerman IA, Clinton SM. Structural and metabolic activity differences in serotonergic cell groups in a rat model of individual differences of emotionality and stress reactivity. Neurosci Lett 2022; 784:136752. [PMID: 35753615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin regulates a diverse set of functions, including emotional behavior, cognition, sociability, appetite, and sleep. Serotonin is also a key trophic factor that shapes neurodevelopmental processes. Genetic and environmental factors that drive individual differences in the serotonergic system have the capacity to impact brain structure and behavior, and likely contribute to pathophysiological processes involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. Using adult rats selectively bred for low novelty exploration (Low Responders, LR), we previously demonstrated pronounced increases in the levels of their anxiety- and depression- relevant behaviors as compared to the selectively bred High Novelty Responder (HR) rats. These behavioral differences were accompanied by alterations in the expression of genes that regulate serotonin synthesis in the brainstem, and its signaling in the forebrain. The present study extends these observations with a focus on the organization and the metabolism of brainstem serotonin cell groups that provide serotonergic innervation of the hippocampus and other limbic regions of male HR/LR rats. Using design-based stereology, we found the median raphe (MnR) in adult male LR rats contains increased number of serotonergic neurons as compared to the HRs. This is preceded by an increase in the metabolic activity of the caudal dorsal raphe (DRC) and the intrafascicular DR (DRI) during early postnatal development. These findings suggest that structural and functional differences in the raphe-limbic projections shape behavioral inhibition throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keaton A Unroe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Chelsea McCoy
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ilan A Kerman
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Behavioral Health Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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22
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De Gregorio D, Inserra A, Enns JP, Markopoulos A, Pileggi M, El Rahimy Y, Lopez-Canul M, Comai S, Gobbi G. Repeated lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reverses stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, cortical synaptogenesis deficits and serotonergic neurotransmission decline. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1188-1198. [PMID: 35301424 PMCID: PMC9018770 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a serotonergic psychedelic compound receiving increasing interest due to putative anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. However, the potential neurobiological mechanisms mediating these effects remain elusive. Employing in vivo electrophysiology, microionthophoresis, behavioral paradigms and morphology assays, we assessed the impact of acute and chronic LSD administration on anxiety-like behavior, on the cortical dendritic spines and on the activity of serotonin (5-HT) neurons originating in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in male mice exposed to chronic restraint stress. We found that while the acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of LSD (5, 15 and 30 and 60 μg/kg) did not produce any anxiolytic or antidepressant effects in non-stressed mice, the dose of 30 µg/kg (daily for 7 days) prevented the stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and the stress-induced decrease of cortical spine densitiy. Interestingly, while LSD acutely decreased the firing activity of 5-HT neurons, repeated LSD increased their basal firing rate and restored the low 5-HT firing induced by stress. This effect was accompanied by a decreased inhibitory response of 5-HT neurons to microiontophoretic applications of the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin). In conclusion, repeated LSD prevents the exacerbation of anxiety-like behavior following chronic stress exposure, but has no behavioral effects in non-stressed mice. These effects are paralleled by increased cortical spinogenesis and an enhancement of 5-HT neurotransmission which might be due to 5-HT1A receptors desensitization. Increased cortical spine density and enhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission may thus represent a candidate mechanism which mediate the therapeutic effects of serotonergic psychedelics on stress-induced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo De Gregorio
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, H3A1A1 Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Present Address: Division of Neuroscience, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Inserra
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, H3A1A1 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Justine P. Enns
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, H3A1A1 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Athanasios Markopoulos
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, H3A1A1 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Michael Pileggi
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, H3A1A1 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Youssef El Rahimy
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, H3A1A1 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Martha Lopez-Canul
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, H3A1A1 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Stefano Comai
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, H3A1A1 Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy ,grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Present Address: Division of Neuroscience, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, H3A1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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23
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Caputo R, Poirel VJ, Challet E, Meijer JH, Raison S. Bimodal serotonin synthesis in the diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis ansorgei. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22255. [PMID: 35294080 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101726r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, behavioral activity is regulated both by the circadian system, orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and by arousal structures, including the serotonergic system. While the SCN is active at the same astronomical time in diurnal and nocturnal species, little data are available concerning the serotonergic (5HT) system in diurnal mammals. In this study, we investigated the functioning of the 5HT system, which is involved both in regulating the sleep/wake cycle and in synchronizing the SCN, in a diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis ansorgei. Using in situ hybridization, we characterized the anatomical extension of the raphe nuclei and we investigated 24 h mRNA levels of the serotonin rate-limiting enzyme, tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (tph2). Under both 12 h:12 h light/dark (LD) and constant darkness (DD) conditions, tph2 mRNA expression varies significantly over 24 h, displaying a bimodal profile with higher values around the (projected) light transitions. Furthermore, we considered several SCN outputs, namely melatonin, corticosterone, and locomotor activity. In both LD and DD, melatonin profiles display peak levels during the biological night. Corticosterone plasma levels show a bimodal rhythmic profile in both conditions, with higher levels preceding the two peaks of Arvicanthis locomotor activity, occurring at dawn and dusk. These data demonstrate that serotonin synthesis in Arvicanthis is rhythmic and reflects its bimodal behavioral phenotype, but differs from what has been previously described in nocturnal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Caputo
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent-Joseph Poirel
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie Raison
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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24
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Radulovic J, Ivkovic S, Adzic M. From chronic stress and anxiety to neurodegeneration: Focus on neuromodulation of the axon initial segment. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:481-495. [PMID: 35034756 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To adapt to the sustained demands of chronic stress, discrete brain circuits undergo structural and functional changes often resulting in anxiety disorders. In some individuals, anxiety disorders precede the development of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) caused by degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Here, we present a circuit framework for probing a causal link between chronic stress, anxiety, and PD, which postulates a central role of abnormal neuromodulation of the SN's axon initial segment by brainstem inputs. It is grounded in findings demonstrating that the earliest PD pathologies occur in the stress-responsive, emotion regulation network of the brainstem, which provides the SN with dense aminergic and cholinergic innervation. SN's axon initial segment (AIS) has unique features that support the sustained and bidirectional propagation of activity in response to synaptic inputs. It is therefore, especially sensitive to circuit-mediated stress-induced imbalance of neuromodulation, and thus a plausible initiating site of neurodegeneration. This could explain why, although secondary to pathophysiologies in other brainstem nuclei, SN degeneration is the most extensive. Consequently, the cardinal symptom of PD, severe motor deficits, arise from degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway rather than other brainstem nuclei. Understanding when and how circuit dysfunctions underlying anxiety can progress to neurodegeneration, raises the prospect of timed interventions for reversing, or at least impeding, the early pathophysiologies that lead to PD and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein Medical College, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein Medical College, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Sanja Ivkovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Adzic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Wang Q, Lu M, Zhu X, Gu X, Zhang T, Xia C, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhou M. Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Possible Mechanism Links Early Life Anxiety to Alzheimer’s Disease in Later Life. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1127-1145. [PMID: 35855329 PMCID: PMC9286915 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengna Lu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Mingmei Zhou, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. E-mail:
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26
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Karsan N, Goadsby PJ. Migraine Is More Than Just Headache: Is the Link to Chronic Fatigue and Mood Disorders Simply Due to Shared Biological Systems? Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:646692. [PMID: 34149377 PMCID: PMC8209296 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.646692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a symptomatically heterogeneous condition, of which headache is just one manifestation. Migraine is a disorder of altered sensory thresholding, with hypersensitivity among sufferers to sensory input. Advances in functional neuroimaging have highlighted that several brain areas are involved even prior to pain onset. Clinically, patients can experience symptoms hours to days prior to migraine pain, which can warn of impending headache. These symptoms can include mood and cognitive change, fatigue, and neck discomfort. Some epidemiological studies have suggested that migraine is associated in a bidirectional fashion with other disorders, such as mood disorders and chronic fatigue, as well as with other pain conditions such as fibromyalgia. This review will focus on the literature surrounding alterations in fatigue, mood, and cognition in particular, in association with migraine, and the suggested links to disorders such as chronic fatigue syndrome and depression. We hypothesize that migraine should be considered a neural disorder of brain function, in which alterations in aminergic networks integrating the limbic system with the sensory and homeostatic systems occur early and persist after headache resolution and perhaps interictally. The associations with some of these other disorders may allude to the inherent sensory sensitivity of the migraine brain and shared neurobiology and neurotransmitter systems rather than true co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Karsan
- Headache Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR-Wellcome Trust King's Clinical Research Facility, SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- Headache Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR-Wellcome Trust King's Clinical Research Facility, SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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27
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Gazea M, Furdan S, Sere P, Oesch L, Molnár B, Di Giovanni G, Fenno LE, Ramakrishnan C, Mattis J, Deisseroth K, Dymecki SM, Adamantidis AR, Lőrincz ML. Reciprocal Lateral Hypothalamic and Raphe GABAergic Projections Promote Wakefulness. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4840-4849. [PMID: 33888606 PMCID: PMC8260159 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2850-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH), together with multiple neuromodulatory systems of the brain, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), is implicated in arousal, yet interactions between these systems are just beginning to be explored. Using a combination of viral tracing, circuit mapping, electrophysiological recordings from identified neurons, and combinatorial optogenetics in mice, we show that GABAergic neurons in the LH selectively inhibit GABAergic neurons in the DR, resulting in increased firing of a substantial fraction of its neurons that ultimately promotes arousal. These DRGABA neurons are wake active and project to multiple brain areas involved in the control of arousal, including the LH, where their specific activation potently influences local network activity leading to arousal from sleep. Our results show how mutual inhibitory projections between the LH and the DR promote wakefulness and suggest a complex arousal control by intimate interactions between long-range connections and local circuit dynamics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Multiple brain systems including the lateral hypothalamus and raphe serotonergic system are involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle, yet the interaction between these systems have remained elusive. Here we show that mutual disinhibition mediated by long range inhibitory projections between these brain areas can promote wakefulness. The main importance of this work relies in revealing the interaction between a brain area involved in autonomic regulation and another in controlling higher brain functions including reward, patience, mood and sensory coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gazea
- Centre for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Szabina Furdan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Péter Sere
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Lukas Oesch
- Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Benedek Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neurosci ence Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Lief E Fenno
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, California
| | | | - Joanna Mattis
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, California
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, California
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, California
| | - Susan M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts
| | - Antoine R Adamantidis
- Centre for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Magor L Lőrincz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
- Neurosci ence Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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28
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Ririe DG, Eisenach JC, Martin TJ. A Painful Beginning: Early Life Surgery Produces Long-Term Behavioral Disruption in the Rat. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:630889. [PMID: 34025368 PMCID: PMC8131510 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.630889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life surgery produces peripheral nociceptive activation, inflammation, and stress. Early life nociceptive input and inflammation have been shown to produce long-term processing changes that are not restricted to the dermatome of injury. Additionally stress has shown long-term effects on anxiety, depression, learning, and maladaptive behaviors including substance abuse disorder and we hypothesized that early life surgery would have long-term effects on theses complex behaviors in later life. In this study surgery in the rat hindpaw was performed to determine if there are long-term effects on anxiety, depression, audiovisual attention, and opioid reward behaviors. Male animals received paw incision surgery and anesthesia or anesthesia alone (sham) at postnatal day 6. At 10 weeks after surgery, open field center zone entries were decreased, a measure of anxiety (n = 20) (P = 0.03) (effect size, Cohen's d = 0.80). No difference was found in the tail suspension test as a measure of depression. At 16-20 weeks, attentional performance in an operant task was similar between groups at baseline and decreased with audiovisual distraction in both groups (P < 0.001) (effect size, η2 = 0.25), but distraction revealed a persistent impairment in performance in the surgery group (n = 8) (P = 0.04) (effect size, η2 = 0.13). Opioid reward was measured using heroin self-administration at 16-24 weeks. Heroin intake increased over time in both groups during 24-h free access (P < 0.001), but was greater in the surgery group (P = 0.045), with a significant interaction between time and treatment (P < 0.001) (effect size, Cohen f 2 = 0.36). These results demonstrate long-term disruptions in complex behaviors from surgical incision under anesthesia. Future studies to explore sex differences in early life surgery and the attendant peripheral neuronal input, stress, and inflammation will be valuable to understand emerging learning deficits, anxiety, attentional dysfunction, and opioid reward and their mechanisms. This will be valuable to develop optimal approaches to mitigate the long-term effects of surgery in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Ririe
- Pain Mechanisms Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - James C Eisenach
- Pain Mechanisms Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Thomas J Martin
- Pain Mechanisms Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Akhrif A, Roy A, Peters K, Lesch KP, Romanos M, Schmitt-Böhrer A, Neufang S. REVERSE phenotyping-Can the phenotype following constitutive Tph2 gene inactivation in mice be transferred to children and adolescents with and without adhd? Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02054. [PMID: 33523602 PMCID: PMC8119824 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experimental models of neuropsychiatric disorders, for example, ADHD, are used to mimic specific phenotypic traits of a complex human disorder. However, it remains unresolved to what extent the animal phenotype reflects the specific human trait. The null mutant mouse of the serotonin-synthesizing tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2-/- ) gene has been proposed as experimental model for ADHD with high face validity for impulsive, aggressive, and anxious behaviors. To validate this ADHD-like model, we examined the Tph2-/- phenotype in humans when considering allelic variation of TPH2 function ("reverse phenotyping"). METHODS 58 participants (6 females, 8-18 years) were examined, of whom 32 were diagnosed with ADHD. All participants were phenotyped for impulsivity, aggression, and anxiety using questionnaires, behavioral tests, and MRI scanning while performing the 4-choice serial reaction time task. Additionally, participants were genotyped for the TPH2 G-703T (rs4570625) polymorphism. To analyze the relation between TPH2 G-703T variants and the impulsive/aggressive/anxious phenotype, mediation analyses were performed using behavioral and MRI data as potential mediators. RESULTS We found that the relation between TPH2 G-703T and aggression as part of the reverse Tph2- /- phenotype was mediated by structure and function of the right middle and inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION At the example of trait aggression, our results support the assumption that the Tph2 null mutant mouse reflects the TPH2 G-703T-dependent phenotype in humans. Additionally, we conclude that "reverse phenotyping" is a promising method to validate experimental models and human findings for refined analysis of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atae Akhrif
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arunima Roy
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katharina Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Schmitt-Böhrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neufang
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Payet JM, Wilson KE, Russo AM, Angiolino A, Kavanagh-Ryan W, Kent S, Lowry CA, Hale MW. Involvement of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic systems in social approach-avoidance behaviour and in the response to fluoxetine treatment in peri-adolescent female BALB/c mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113268. [PMID: 33811952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic systems are involved in the development and regulation of social behaviour, and drugs that target serotonin neurotransmission, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), also alter aspects of social approach-avoidance. The midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), which is a major serotonergic nucleus and main source of serotonergic innervation of the forebrain, has been proposed as an important target for SSRIs, although evidence in females is lacking. In this study, we examined the involvement of the DR serotonergic systems in social behaviour and in response to SSRI treatment, using peri-adolescent female BALB/c mice. Mice were exposed to the SSRI fluoxetine either chronically (18 mg/kg/day, in drinking water, for 12 days) or acutely (18 mg/kg, i.p.), or to vehicle control condition (0.9 % saline, i.p.), prior to being exposed to the three-chambered sociability test. Activation of serotonergic neurons across subregions of the DR were subsequently measured, using dual-label immunohistochemistry for TPH2 and c-Fos. Acute fluoxetine administration increased generalised and social avoidance, while mice exposed to chronic fluoxetine treatment showed levels of social approach behaviour that were comparable to controls. Serotonergic populations across the DR showed reduced activity following acute fluoxetine treatment. Further, activation of serotonergic neurons in the ventral DR correlated with social approach behaviour in vehicle-treated control mice. These data provide some support for the involvement of discrete populations of DR serotonergic neurons in the regulation of social approach-avoidance, although more research is needed to understand the effects and mechanisms of chronic SSRI treatment in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennyfer M Payet
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Kira-Elise Wilson
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Adrian M Russo
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Anthony Angiolino
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - William Kavanagh-Ryan
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Stephen Kent
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Matthew W Hale
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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RNA editing of the 5-HT2C receptor in the central nucleus of the amygdala is involved in resilience behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:137. [PMID: 33627618 PMCID: PMC7904784 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD) is a stress-related condition that may develop after exposure to a severe trauma-event. One of the core brain areas that is considered to be a key regulatory region of PTSD is the amygdala. Specifically, the central amygdala (CeA) is involved in emotion processing and associative fear learning memory, two main circuits involved in PTSD. Long term dysregulation of trauma-related emotional processing may be caused by neuroadaptations that affect gene expression. The adenosine-(A) to-inosine (I) RNA editing machinery is a post-transcriptional process that converts a genomic encoded A to I and is critical for normal brain function and development. Such editing has the potential to increase the transcriptome diversity, and disruption of this process has been linked to various central nervous system disorders. Here, we employed a unique animal model to examine the possibility that the RNA editing machinery is involved in PTSD. Detection of RNA editing specifically in the CeA revealed changes in the editing pattern of the 5-HT2C serotonin receptor (5-HT2CR) transcript accompanied by dynamic changes in the expression levels of the ADAR family enzymes (ADAR and ADARb1). Deamination by ADAR and ADARb1 enzymes induces conformational changes in the 5-HT2CR that decrease the G-protein-coupling activity, agonist affinity, and thus serotonin signaling. Significantly, a single intra-CeA administration of a 5-HT2CR pharmacological antagonist produced a robust alleviation of PTSD-like behaviors (that was maintained for three weeks) as well as single systemic treatment. This work may suggest the way to a new avenue in the understanding of PTSD regulation.
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Babicola L, Ventura R, D'Addario SL, Ielpo D, Andolina D, Di Segni M. Long term effects of early life stress on HPA circuit in rodent models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111125. [PMID: 33333214 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to environmental challenges represents a critical process for survival, requiring the complex integration of information derived from both external cues and internal signals regarding current conditions and previous experiences. The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays a central role in this process inducing the activation of a neuroendocrine signaling cascade that affects the delicate balance of activity and cross-talk between areas that are involved in sensorial, emotional, and cognitive processing such as the hippocampus, amygdala, Prefrontal Cortex, Ventral Tegmental Area, and dorsal raphe. Early life stress, especially early critical experiences with caregivers, influences the functional and structural organization of these areas, affects these processes in a long-lasting manner and may result in long-term maladaptive and psychopathological outcomes, depending on the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. This review summarizes the results of studies that have modeled this early postnatal stress in rodents during the first 2 postnatal weeks, focusing on the long-term effects on molecular and structural alteration in brain areas involved in Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Moreover, a brief investigation of epigenetic mechanisms and specific genetic targets mediating the long-term effects of these early environmental manipulations and at the basis of differential neurobiological and behavioral effects during adulthood is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Babicola
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Ventura
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sebastian Luca D'Addario
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy; Behavioral Neuroscience PhD Programme, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Donald Ielpo
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy; Behavioral Neuroscience PhD Programme, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Andolina
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Segni
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
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Foxx CL, Heinze JD, González A, Vargas F, Baratta MV, Elsayed AI, Stewart JR, Loupy KM, Arnold MR, Flux MC, Sago SA, Siebler PH, Milton LN, Lieb MW, Hassell JE, Smith DG, Lee KAK, Appiah SA, Schaefer EJ, Panitchpakdi M, Sikora NC, Weldon KC, Stamper CE, Schmidt D, Duggan DA, Mengesha YM, Ogbaselassie M, Nguyen KT, Gates CA, Schnabel K, Tran L, Jones JD, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Fleshner M, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Wright KP, Lowry CA. Effects of Immunization With the Soil-Derived Bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae on Stress Coping Behaviors and Cognitive Performance in a "Two Hit" Stressor Model. Front Physiol 2021; 11:524833. [PMID: 33469429 PMCID: PMC7813891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.524833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate that Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 (M. vaccae), a soil-derived bacterium with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, is a potentially useful countermeasure against negative outcomes to stressors. Here we used male C57BL/6NCrl mice to determine if repeated immunization with M. vaccae is an effective countermeasure in a "two hit" stress exposure model of chronic disruption of rhythms (CDR) followed by acute social defeat (SD). On day -28, mice received implants of biotelemetric recording devices to monitor 24-h rhythms of locomotor activity. Mice were subsequently treated with a heat-killed preparation of M. vaccae (0.1 mg, administered subcutaneously on days -21, -14, -7, and 27) or borate-buffered saline vehicle. Mice were then exposed to 8 consecutive weeks of either stable normal 12:12 h light:dark (LD) conditions or CDR, consisting of 12-h reversals of the LD cycle every 7 days (days 0-56). Finally, mice were exposed to either a 10-min SD or a home cage control condition on day 54. All mice were exposed to object location memory testing 24 h following SD. The gut microbiome and metabolome were assessed in fecal samples collected on days -1, 48, and 62 using 16S rRNA gene sequence and LC-MS/MS spectral data, respectively; the plasma metabolome was additionally measured on day 64. Among mice exposed to normal LD conditions, immunization with M. vaccae induced a shift toward a more proactive behavioral coping response to SD as measured by increases in scouting and avoiding an approaching male CD-1 aggressor, and decreases in submissive upright defensive postures. In the object location memory test, exposure to SD increased cognitive function in CDR mice previously immunized with M. vaccae. Immunization with M. vaccae stabilized the gut microbiome, attenuating CDR-induced reductions in alpha diversity and decreasing within-group measures of beta diversity. Immunization with M. vaccae also increased the relative abundance of 1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a lysophospholipid, in plasma. Together, these data support the hypothesis that immunization with M. vaccae stabilizes the gut microbiome, induces a shift toward a more proactive response to stress exposure, and promotes stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Foxx
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jared D. Heinze
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Antonio González
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Fernando Vargas
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael V. Baratta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Ahmed I. Elsayed
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jessica R. Stewart
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey M. Loupy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mathew R. Arnold
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - M. C. Flux
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Saydie A. Sago
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Philip H. Siebler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Lauren N. Milton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Margaret W. Lieb
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - James E. Hassell
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - David G. Smith
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kyo A. K. Lee
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Sandra A. Appiah
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Evan J. Schaefer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Morgan Panitchpakdi
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicole C. Sikora
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kelly C. Weldon
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher E. Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Dominic Schmidt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - David A. Duggan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Yosan M. Mengesha
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mikale Ogbaselassie
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kadi T. Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Chloe A. Gates
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - K’loni Schnabel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Joslynn D. Jones
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Martha H. Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Fred W. Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Worldwide Universities Network, West New York, NJ, United States
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Van eekelen JAM, Olsson CA, Ellis JA, Ang W, Hutchinson D, Zubrick SR, Pennell CE. Identification and genetic determination of an early life risk disposition for depressive disorder: Atypical stress‐related behaviour in early childhood. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Anke M. Van eekelen
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Craig A. Olsson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Childrens Hospital and the University of Melbourne (Psychological Sciences & Department of Paediatrics), Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Justine A. Ellis
- Environmental & Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Wei Ang
- The School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Stephen R. Zubrick
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- Centre for Developmental Health, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- The School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
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Cornejo MP, Mustafá ER, Barrile F, Cassano D, De Francesco PN, Raingo J, Perello M. THE INTRIGUING LIGAND-DEPENDENT AND LIGAND-INDEPENDENT ACTIONS OF THE GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR ON REWARD-RELATED BEHAVIORS. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:401-416. [PMID: 33157147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) highly expressed in the brain, and also in some peripheral tissues. GHSR activity is evoked by the stomach-derived peptide hormone ghrelin and abrogated by the intestine-derived liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2). In vitro, GHSR displays ligand-independent actions, including a high constitutive activity and an allosteric modulation of other GPCRs. Beyond its neuroendocrine and metabolic effects, cumulative evidence shows that GHSR regulates the activity of the mesocorticolimbic pathway and modulates complex reward-related behaviors towards different stimuli. Here, we review current evidence indicating that ligand-dependent and ligand-independent actions of GHSR enhance reward-related behaviors towards appetitive stimuli and drugs of abuse. We discuss putative neuronal networks and molecular mechanisms that GHSR would engage to modulate such reward-related behaviors. Finally, we briefly discuss imaging studies showing that ghrelin would also regulate reward processing in humans. Overall, we conclude that GHSR is a key regulator of the mesocorticolimbic pathway that influences its activity and, consequently, modulates reward-related behaviors via ligand-dependent and ligand-independent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio R Mustafá
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the IMBICE, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Cassano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the IMBICE, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sowa J, Hess G. Prenatal stress-related alterations in synaptic transmission and 5-HT 7 receptor-mediated effects in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus are ameliorated by the 5-HT 7 receptor antagonist SB 269970. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3295-3305. [PMID: 32402149 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversity exerts a detrimental influence on developing brain neuronal networks and its consequences may include mental health disorders. In rats, prenatal stress may lead to anxiety and depressive-like behavior in the offspring. Several lines of evidence implicated an involvement of prenatal stress in alterations of the brain serotonergic system functions, but the effects of prenatal stress on its core, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), still remain incompletely understood. The present study was aimed at finding whether prenatal stress induces modifications in the glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to DRN projection cells and whether it affects DRN 5-HT7 receptors, which modulate activity of these synapses. Prenatal stress resulted in an increase in basal frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and in a decrease in basal frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) recorded from putative projection neurons in DRN slices ex vivo. While there were no changes in the excitability of DRN projection neurons, the 5-HT7 receptor-mediated reduction in the sEPSC frequency and rise in the sIPSC frequency, seen in control rats, were largely absent in slices obtained from prenatally stressed rats. Repeated administration of SB 269970, a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, resulted in a reversal of prenatal stress-induced alterations in 5-HT7 receptor-mediated effects on the sEPSC/sIPSC frequency. Moreover, the treatment reversed prenatal stress-induced alterations in basal excitatory transmission and partially reversed the effect of stress on basal inhibitory transmission in the DRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sowa
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Chang YP, Lee MS, Wu DW, Tsai JH, Ho PS, Lin CHR, Chuang HY. Risk factors for depression in patients with Parkinson's disease: A nationwide nested case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236443. [PMID: 32716954 PMCID: PMC7384643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have higher prevalence of depression than the general population; however, the risk factors for depression in PD remain uncertain. Methods/Design Using the 2000–2010 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we selected 1767 patients aged ≧ 40 years with new-onset PD during 2000–2009. Among them, 324 patients with a new incidence of depression were enrolled as cases and 972 patients without depression were randomly selected as controls. The groups were frequency-matched at a ratio of 1:3 by age, sex, and index year. Thus, this nested case-control study compared differences between the cases and the controls. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for depression in PD. Results Compared with the controls, the odds ratio (OR) of anxiety disorders in the cases was 1.53 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.16–2.02; P = 0.003), after adjusting for the confounding factors of age, sex, index year, geographic region, urban level, monthly income, and other coexisting medical conditions. The OR for sleep disturbances in the cases was 1.49 (95% CI, 1.14–1.96; P = 0.004) compared to the controls, after adjusting these confounding factors. Hence, the risk factors for depression in PD were nonsignificantly associated with physical comorbidities. Conclusions In the present study, depression in PD was significantly associated with anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Integrated care for early identification and treatment of neuropsychiatric comorbidities is crucial in patients with new-onset PD so as to prevent further PD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Pei Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Sheng Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsiu Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Program in Environmental and Occupation Medicine, (Taiwan) National Health Research Institutes and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JHT); (PSH); (CHRL)
| | - Pei-Shan Ho
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JHT); (PSH); (CHRL)
| | - Chun-Hung Richard Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JHT); (PSH); (CHRL)
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Program in Environmental and Occupation Medicine, (Taiwan) National Health Research Institutes and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Vigil FA, Carver CM, Shapiro MS. Pharmacological Manipulation of K v 7 Channels as a New Therapeutic Tool for Multiple Brain Disorders. Front Physiol 2020; 11:688. [PMID: 32636759 PMCID: PMC7317068 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
K v 7 ("M-type," KCNQ) K+ currents, play dominant roles in controlling neuronal excitability. They act as a "brake" against hyperexcitable states in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Pharmacological augmentation of M current has been developed for controlling epileptic seizures, although current pharmacological tools are uneven in practical usefulness. Lately, however, M-current "opener" compounds have been suggested to be efficacious in preventing brain damage after multiple types of insults/diseases, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, drug addiction and mood disorders. In this review, we will discuss what is known to date on these efforts and identify gaps in our knowledge regarding the link between M current and therapeutic potential for these disorders. We will outline the preclinical experiments that are yet to be performed to demonstrate the likelihood of success of this approach in human trials. Finally, we also address multiple pharmacological tools available to manipulate different K v 7 subunits and the relevant evidence for translational application in the clinical use for disorders of the central nervous system and multiple types of brain insults. We feel there to be great potential for manipulation of K v 7 channels as a novel therapeutic mode of intervention in the clinic, and that the paucity of existing therapies obligates us to perform further research, so that patients can soon benefit from such therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Vigil
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Chase M Carver
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark S Shapiro
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Hu J, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Yang Q, Xu J, Dong W. miR-22 and cerebral microbleeds in brainstem and deep area are associated with depression one month after ischemic stroke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9162. [PMID: 32348425 PMCID: PMC7197650 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship among miR-22, deep cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and post-stroke depression (PSD) 1 month after ischemic stroke. We consecutively recruited 257 patients with first-ever and recurrent acute cerebral infarction and performed PSD diagnosis in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV criteria for depression. Clinical information, assessments of stroke severity, and imaging data were recorded on admission. We further detected plasma miR-22 using quantitative PCR and analyzed the relationship among miR-22, clinical data, and PSD using SPSS 23.0 software. Logistic regression showed that deep (OR=1.845, 95%CI: 1.006-3.386, P=0.047) and brain stem CMBs (OR=2.652, 95%CI: 1.110–6.921, P=0.040), as well as plasma miR-22 levels (OR=2.094, 95%CI: 1.066–4.115, P=0.032) were independent risk factors for PSD. In addition, there were significant differences in baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (OR=1.881, 95%CI: 1.180–3.011, P=0.007) and Widowhood scores (OR=1.903, 95%CI: 1.182–3.063, P=0.012). Analysis of the receiver operating curve (AUC=0.723, 95%CI: 0.562–0.883, P=0.016) revealed that miR-22 could predict PSD one month after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, plasma miR-22 levels in brainstem and deep CMBs patients showed an upward trend (P=0.028) relative to the others. Patients with acute ischemic stroke, having brainstem and deep cerebral microbleeds, or a higher plasma miR-22 were more likely to develop PSD. These findings indicate that miR-22 might be involved in cerebral microvascular impairment and post-stroke depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wanli Dong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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40
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Matthiesen M, Mendes LD, Spiacci A, Fortaleza EA, Corrêa FM, Zangrossi H. Serotonin 2C receptors in the basolateral amygdala mediate the anxiogenic effect caused by serotonergic activation of the dorsal raphe dorsomedial subnucleus. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:391-399. [PMID: 31637976 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119882797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulation of serotonergic neurons within the dorsal raphe dorsomedial subnucleus facilitates inhibitory avoidance acquisition in the elevated T-maze. It has been hypothesized that such anxiogenic effect is due to serotonin release in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, where facilitation of serotonin 2C receptor-mediated neurotransmission increases anxiety. Besides the dorsal raphe dorsomedial subnucleus, the dorsal raphe caudal subnucleus is recruited by anxiogenic stimulus/situations. However, the behavioral consequences of pharmacological manipulation of this subnucleus are still unknown. AIMS Investigate whether blockade of serotonin 2C receptors in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala counteracts the anxiogenic effect caused by the stimulation of dorsal raphe dorsomedial subnucleus serotonergic neurons. Evaluate the effects caused by the excitatory amino acid kainic acid or serotonin 1A receptor-modulating drugs in the dorsal raphe caudal subnucleus. METHODS Male Wistar rats were tested in the elevated T-maze and light-dark transition tests after intra-basolateral nucleus of the amygdala injection of the serotonin 2C receptor antagonist SB-242084 (6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-N-[6-[(2-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]-3-pyridinyl]-1H-indole-1-carboxyamide dihydrochloride) followed by intra-dorsal raphe dorsomedial subnucleus administration of the serotonin 1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (N-[2-[4-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinil-cyclohexanecarboxamide maleate). In the dorsal raphe caudal subnucleus, animals were injected with kainic acid, WAY-100635 or the serotonin 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT ((±)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin hydrobromide) and tested in the elevated T-maze. RESULTS SB-242084 in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala blocked the anxiogenic effect caused by the injection of WAY-100635 in the dorsal raphe dorsomedial subnucleus. Kainic acid in the dorsal raphe caudal subnucleus increased anxiety, but also impaired escape expression in the elevated T-maze. Neither WAY-100635 nor 8-OH-DPAT in the dorsal raphe caudal subnucleus affected rat's behavior in the elevated T-maze. CONCLUSION Serotonin 2C receptors in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala mediate the anxiogenic effect caused by the stimulation of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe dorsomedial subnucleus. The dorsal raphe caudal subnucleus regulates anxiety- and panic-like behaviors, presumably by a serotonin 1A receptor-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Matthiesen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo D Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ailton Spiacci
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hélio Zangrossi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cho C, Lee S, Kim A, Yarishkin O, Ryoo K, Lee Y, Jung H, Yang E, Lee DY, Lee B, Kim H, Oh U, Im H, Hwang EM, Park J. TMEM16A expression in cholinergic neurons of the medial habenula mediates anxiety-related behaviors. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48097. [PMID: 31782602 PMCID: PMC7001509 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A, a Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel, is known to modulate the excitability of various types of cells; however, its function in central neurons is largely unknown. Here, we show the specific expression of TMEM16A in the medial habenula (mHb) via RNAscope in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology. When TMEM16A is ablated in the mHb cholinergic neurons (TMEM16A cKO mice), the slope of after-hyperpolarization of spontaneous action potentials decreases and the firing frequency is reduced. Reduced mHb activity also decreases the activity of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). Moreover, TMEM16A cKO mice display anxiogenic behaviors and deficits in social interaction without despair-like phenotypes or cognitive dysfunctions. Finally, chemogenetic inhibition of mHb cholinergic neurons using the DREADD (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) approach reveals similar behavioral phenotypes to those of TMEM16A cKO mice. We conclude that TMEM16A plays a key role in anxiety-related behaviors regulated by mHb cholinergic neurons and could be a potential therapeutic target against anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Hoon Cho
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sangjoon Lee
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of DementiaKISTSeoulKorea
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Center for NeuroscienceBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulKorea
| | - Ajung Kim
- Center for Functional ConnectomicsKISTSeoulKorea
- KHU‐KIST Department of Converging Science and TechnologyGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Kanghyun Ryoo
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Young‐Sun Lee
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyun‐Gug Jung
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
- Center for Functional ConnectomicsKISTSeoulKorea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of AnatomyCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Center for Functional ConnectomicsKISTSeoulKorea
| | - Byeongjun Lee
- Sensory Research CenterCRIBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulKorea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of AnatomyCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Uhtaek Oh
- Sensory Research CenterCRIBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoulKorea
| | - Heh‐In Im
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of DementiaKISTSeoulKorea
- Center for NeuroscienceBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulKorea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & TechnologyKIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoulKorea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional ConnectomicsKISTSeoulKorea
- KHU‐KIST Department of Converging Science and TechnologyGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & TechnologyKIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoulKorea
| | - Jae‐Yong Park
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
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Moriya S, Yamashita A, Masukawa D, Kambe Y, Sakaguchi J, Setoyama H, Yamanaka A, Kuwaki T. Involvement of supralemniscal nucleus (B9) 5-HT neuronal system in nociceptive processing: a fiber photometry study. Mol Brain 2020; 13:14. [PMID: 32005128 PMCID: PMC6993514 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociception is important perception that has harmful influence on daily life of humans. As to main pain management system, some descending pathways are called descending antinociceptive systems (DAS). As main pathways of DAS, it is well known that dorsal raphe (B6/B7) - rostral ventromedial medulla (B3) - spinal dorsal horn includes serotonergic system. However, possible role of supralemniscal (B9) serotonin (5-HT) cell group in pain management is still open question. In this study, we measured activities of B9 5-HT neuronal cell bodies and B9 5-HT neuron-derived axons located in the locus coeruleus (LC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), which are also main players of pain management, using fiber photometry system. We introduced the G-CaMP6 in B9 5-HT neurons using transgenic mice carrying a tetracycline-controlled transactivator transgene (tTA) under the control of a tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) promoter and site-specific injection of adeno associated virus (AAV-TetO(3G)-G-CaMP6). After confirmation of specific expression of G-CaMP6 in the target population, G-CaMP6 fluorescence intensity in B9 group and LC/VTA groups was measured in awake mice exposed to acute tail pinch and heat stimuli. G-CaMP6 fluorescence intensity rapidly increased by both stimuli in all groups, but not significantly reacted by nonnociceptive control stimuli. The present results clearly indicate that acute nociceptive stimuli cause a rapid increase in the activities of B9-LC/B9-VTA 5-HTergic pathways, suggesting that B9 5-HT neurons play important roles in nociceptive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Moriya
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Daiki Masukawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yuki Kambe
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Junichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Honami Setoyama
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
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Bär KJ, Köhler S, Cruz FDL, Schumann A, Zepf FD, Wagner G. Functional consequences of acute tryptophan depletion on raphe nuclei connectivity and network organization in healthy women. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116362. [PMID: 31743788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research on central nervous serotonin (5-HT) function provided evidence for a substantial involvement of 5-HT in the regulation of brain circuitries associated with cognitive and affective processing. The underlying neural networks comprise core subcortical/cortical regions such as amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex, which are assumed to be modulated amongst others by 5-HT. Beside the use of antidepressants, acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is a widely accepted technique to manipulate of 5-HT synthesis and its respective metabolites in humans by means of a dietary and non-pharmacological tool. We used a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design with two experimental challenge conditions, i.e. ATD and tryptophan (TRP) supplementation (TRYP+) serving as a control. The aim was to perturb 5-HT synthesis and to detect its impact on brain functional connectivity (FC) of the upper serotonergic raphe nuclei, the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex as well as on network organization using resting state fMRI. 30 healthy adult female participants (age: M = 24.5 ± 4.4 yrs) were included in the final analysis. ATD resulted in a 90% decrease of TRP in the serum relative to baseline. Compared to TRYP + for the ATD condition a significantly lower FC of the raphe nucleus to the frontopolar cortex was detected, as well as greater functional coupling between the right amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. FC of the raphe nucleus correlated significantly with the magnitude of TRP changes for both challenge conditions (ATD & TRYP+). Network-based statistical analysis using time series from 260 independent anatomical ROIs revealed significantly greater FC after ATD compared to TRYP+ in several brain regions being part of the default-mode (DMN) and the executive-control networks (ECN), but also of salience or visual networks. Finally, we observed an impact of ATD on the rich-club organization in terms of decreased rich-club coefficients compared to TRYP+. In summary we could confirm previous findings that the putative decrease in brain 5-HT synthesis via ATD significantly alters FC of the raphe nuclei as well as of specific subcortical/cortical regions involved in affective, but also in cognitive processes. Moreover, an ATD-effect on the so-called rich-club organization of some nodes with the high degree was demonstrated. This may indicate effects of brain 5-HT on the integration of information flow from several brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Köhler
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Feliberto de la Cruz
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andy Schumann
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian D Zepf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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Neurobehavioral effects of acute and chronic lead exposure in a desert rodent Meriones shawi: Involvement of serotonin and dopamine. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 102:101689. [PMID: 31580902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a non physiological metal that has been implicated in toxic processes affecting several organs and biological systems, including the central nervous system. Several studies have focused on changes in lead-associated neurobehavioral and neurochemical alterations that occur due to Pb exposure. The present study evaluates the effects of acute and chronic Pb acetate exposure on serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems within the dorsal raphe nucleus, regarding motor activity and anxiety behaviours. Experiments were carried out on adult male Meriones shawi exposed to acute lead acetate intoxication (25 mg/kg b.w., 3 i.p. injections) or to a chronic lead exposure (0,5%) in drinking water from intrauterine age to adult age. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that both acute and chronic lead exposure increased anti-serotonin (anti-5HT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (anti-TH) immuno-reactivities in the dorsal raphe nucleus. In parallel, our results demonstrated that a long term Pb-exposure, but not an acute lead intoxication, induced behavioural alterations including, hyperactivity (open field test), and anxiogenic like-effects. Such neurobehavioral impairments induced by Pb-exposure in Meriones shawi may be related to dopaminergic and serotoninergic injuries identified in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
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Arnold MR, Greenwood BN, McArthur JA, Clark PJ, Fleshner M, Lowry CA. Effects of repeated voluntary or forced exercise on brainstem serotonergic systems in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112237. [PMID: 31525404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Voluntary exercise increases stress resistance by modulating stress-responsive neurocircuitry, including brainstem serotonergic systems. However, it remains unknown how exercise produces adaptations to serotonergic systems. Recruitment of serotonergic systems during repeated, daily exercise could contribute to the adaptations in serotonergic systems following exercise, but whether repeated voluntary exercise recruits serotonergic systems is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of six weeks of voluntary or forced exercise on rat brain serotonergic systems. Specifically, we analyzed c-Fos and FosB/ΔFosB as markers of acute and chronic cellular activation, respectively, in combination with tryptophan hydroxylase, a marker of serotonergic neurons, within subregions of the dorsal raphe nucleus using immunohistochemical staining. Compared to sedentary controls, rats exposed to repeated forced exercise, but not repeated voluntary exercise, displayed decreased c-Fos expression in serotonergic neurons in the rostral dorsal portion of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRD) and increased c-Fos expression in serotonergic neurons in the caudal DR (DRC), and interfascicular part of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRI) during the active phase of the diurnal activity rhythm. Similarly, increases in c-Fos expression in serotonergic neurons in the DRC, DRI, and ventral portion of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRV) were observed in rats exposed to repeated forced exercise, compared to rats exposed to repeated voluntary exercise. Six weeks of forced exercise, relative to the sedentary control condition, also increased FosB/ΔFosB expression in DRD, DRI, and DRV serotonergic neurons. While both voluntary and forced exercise increase stress resistance, these results suggest that repeated forced exercise, but not repeated voluntary exercise, increases activation of DRI serotonergic neurons, an effect that may contribute to the stress resistance effects of forced exercise. These results also suggest that mechanisms of exercise-induced stress resistance may differ depending on the controllability of the exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Arnold
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - B N Greenwood
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - J A McArthur
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - P J Clark
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - M Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - C A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA.
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Lieb MW, Weidner M, Arnold MR, Loupy KM, Nguyen KT, Hassell JE, Schnabel KS, Kern R, Day HEW, Lesch KP, Waider J, Lowry CA. Effects of maternal separation on serotonergic systems in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of adult male Tph2-deficient mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112086. [PMID: 31319134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted interactions between serotonergic systems and adverse early life experience as important gene x environment determinants of risk of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests that mice deficient in Tph2, the rate-limiting enzyme for brain serotonin synthesis, display disruptions in behavioral phenotypes relevant to stress-related psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine how maternal separation in wild-type, heterozygous, and Tph2 knockout mice affects mRNA expression of serotonin-related genes. Serotonergic genes studied included Tph2, the high-affinity, low-capacity, sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (Slc6a4), the serotonin type 1a receptor (Htr1a), and the corticosterone-sensitive, low-affinity, high-capacity sodium-independent serotonin transporter, organic cation transporter 3 (Slc22a3). Furthermore, we studied corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors 1 (Crhr1) and 2 (Crhr2), which play important roles in controlling serotonergic neuronal activity. For this study, offspring of Tph2 heterozygous dams were exposed to daily maternal separation for the first two weeks of life. Adult, male wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous offspring were subsequently used for molecular analysis. Maternal separation differentially altered serotonergic gene expression in a genotype- and topographically-specific manner. For example, maternal separation increased Slc6a4 mRNA expression in the dorsal part of the dorsal raphe nucleus in Tph2 heterozygous mice, but not in wild-type or knockout mice. Overall, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that gene x environment interactions, including serotonergic genes and adverse early life experience, play an important role in vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret W Lieb
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Magdalena Weidner
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Mathew R Arnold
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Kelsey M Loupy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Kadi T Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - James E Hassell
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - K'Loni S Schnabel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Raphael Kern
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Heidi E W Day
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Jonas Waider
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Kulikova EA, Kulikov AV. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders: focus on animal models. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:655-667. [PMID: 31216212 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1634691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is the key, rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in the brain. Some polymorphic variants of the human Tph2 gene are associated with psychiatric disorders. Area covered: This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the association between the TPH2 activity and behavioral disturbances in models of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, it discusses: 1) genetic and posttranslational mechanisms defining the TPH2 activity, 2) behavioral effects of knockout and loss-of-function mutations in the mouse Tph2 gene, 3) pharmacological inhibition and the activation of the TPH2 activity and 4) alterations in the brain TPH2 activity in animal models of psychiatric disorders. We show the dual role of the TPH2 activity: both deficit and excess of the TPH2 activity cause significant behavioral disturbances in animal models of depression, anxiety, aggression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, schizophrenia, and catalepsy. Expert opinion: Pharmacological chaperones correcting the structure of the TPH2 molecule are promising tools for treatment of some hereditary psychiatric disorders caused by loss-of-function mutations in the human Tph2 gene; while some stress-induced affective disorders, associated with the elevated TPH2 activity, may be effectively treated by TPH2 inhibitors. This dual role of TPH2 should be taken into consideration during therapy of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kulikova
- a Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics , Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Alexander V Kulikov
- a Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics , Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science , Novosibirsk , Russia
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Serotoninergic projection from dorsal raphe nucleus to insular cortex is involved in acute itch sensation processing in mice. Brain Res 2019; 1715:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Daut RA, Fonken LK. Circadian regulation of depression: A role for serotonin. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100746. [PMID: 31002895 PMCID: PMC9826732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Synchronizing circadian (24 h) rhythms in physiology and behavior with the environmental light-dark cycle is critical for maintaining optimal health. Dysregulation of the circadian system increases susceptibility to numerous pathological conditions including major depressive disorder. Stress is a common etiological factor in the development of depression and the circadian system is highly interconnected to stress-sensitive neurotransmitter systems such as the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system. Thus, here we propose that stress-induced perturbation of the 5-HT system disrupts circadian processes and increases susceptibility to depression. In this review, we first provide an overview of the basic components of the circadian system. Next, we discuss evidence that circadian dysfunction is associated with changes in mood in humans and rodent models. Finally, we provide evidence that 5-HT is a critical factor linking dysregulation of the circadian system and mood. Determining how these two systems interact may provide novel therapeutic targets for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Daut
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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50
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Fan F, Yang M, Geng X, Ma X, Sun H. Effects of Restraint Water-Immersion Stress-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage on Astrocytes and Neurons in the Nucleus Raphe Magnus of Rats via the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1841-1850. [PMID: 31119435 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS) consists of psychological and physical stimulation, and it has been utilized in the research of gastric mucosal damage. It has been shown by previous studies that the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) is closely involved in the gastrointestinal function, but its functions on the stress-induced gastric mucosal injury (SGMI) have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Consequently, in this research, we aim to measure the expression of astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuronal c-Fos, and phosphorylation extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the process of RWIS with immunohistochemistry and western blot methods. What is more, we detect the relation between astrocytes and neurons throughout the stress procedure and explore the regulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway on the activity of astrocytes and neurons after RWIS. The results indicated that all three proteins expression multiplied following peaked 3 h substantially. The SMGI, astrocyte and neuron activity were affected after the astrocytotoxin L-A-aminohexanedioic acid (L-AA) and c-fos antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) injections. After the injection of PD98059, the gastric mucosal injury, astrocyte and neuron activity significantly fell off. These results suggested that RWIS-induced activity of astrocytes and neurons in the NRM may play a significant part in gastric mucosa damage via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Qingdao No. 31 Middle School, Qingdao, 266041, China
| | - Xiwen Geng
- Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
| | - Haiji Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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