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Li Q, Wang T, Tang Y, Zou X, Shen Z, Tang Z, Zhou Y, Shi J. A novel prognostic signature based on smoking-associated genes for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in NSCLC smokers. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:171. [PMID: 38750571 PMCID: PMC11094918 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a highly heterogeneous tumor, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is famous for its high incidence and mortality worldwide. Smoking can cause genetic changes, which leading to the occurrence and progress of NSCLC. Nevertheless, the function of smoking-related genes in NSCLC needs more research. METHODS We downloaded transcriptome data and clinicopathological parameters from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and screened smoking-related genes. Lasso regression were applied to establish the 7-gene signature. The associations between the 7-gene signature and immune microenvironment analysis, survival analysis, drug sensitivity analysis and enriched molecular pathways were studied. Ultimately, cell function experiments were conducted to research the function of FCGBP in NSCLC. RESULTS Through 7-gene signature, NSCLC samples were classified into high-risk group (HRG) and low-risk group (LRG). Significant difference in overall survival (OS) between HRG and LRG was found. Nomograms and ROC curves indicated that the 7-gene signature has a stable ability in predicting prognosis. Through the analysis of immune microenvironment, we found that LRG patients had better tumor immune activation. FCGBP showed the highest mutation frequency among the seven prognostic smoking related genes (LRRC31, HPGD, FCGBP, SPINK5, CYP24A1, S100P and FGG), and was notable down-regulated in NSCLC smokers compared with non-smoking NSCLC patients. The cell experiments confirmed that FCGBP knockdown promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion in NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION This smoking-related prognostic signature represents a promising tool for assessing prognosis and tumor microenvironment in smokers with NSCLC. The role of FCGBP in NSCLC was found by cell experiments, which can be served as diagnostic biomarker and immunotherapy target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Li
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijie Tang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Zou
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongqi Shen
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixin Tang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youlang Zhou
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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Salerno PRVDO, Palma Dallan LA, Rodrigues Pereira GT, Pego Fernandes PM, Mingarini Terra R, Rajagopalan S, Al-Kindi SG, de Oliveira Salerno JV. Trends in tracheal, bronchial and lung cancer attributed to smoking in South America: Global Burden of Disease analysis 1990-2019. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e30. [PMID: 38576842 PMCID: PMC10993800 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer due to tobacco exposure in the last 30 years in 12 South American countries. Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 exposure-response function to analyze the total tobacco, smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure-related TBL cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), for 12 South American countries, between 1990 and 2019. Metrics were described as absolute numbers or rates per 100 000 individuals. The relative change in burden was assessed by comparing the 1990-1994 to 2015-2019 periods. Results In 2019, the all-ages number of TBL cancer deaths and DALYs associated with tobacco exposure in South America was 29 348 and 658 204 in males and 14 106 and 318 277 in females, respectively. Age-adjusted death and DALYs rates for the region in 2019 were 182.8 and 4035 in males and 50.8 and 1162 in females, respectively. In males, 10/12 countries observed relative declines in TBL death rates attributed to tobacco exposure while only 4 countries reduced their mortality in females. Conclusion While significant efforts on tobacco control are under place in South America, substantial burden of TBL cancer persists in the region with significant sex-specific disparities. Increased country-specific primary data on TBL cancer and tobacco exposure is needed to optimize healthcare strategies and improve comprehension of regional trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rafael Vieira de Oliveira Salerno
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandUnited States of AmericaUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Luis Augusto Palma Dallan
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandUnited States of AmericaUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Tensol Rodrigues Pereira
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandUnited States of AmericaUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandUnited States of AmericaUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Sadeer G Al-Kindi
- Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonUnited States of AmericaHouston Methodist Hospital, Houston, United States of America
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Zhang Y, Lin J, You Z, Tu H, He P, Li J, Gao R, Liu Z, Xi Z, Li Z, Lu Y, Hu Q, Li C, Ge F, Huo Z, Qiao G. Cancer risks in rheumatoid arthritis patients who received immunosuppressive therapies: Will immunosuppressants work? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050876. [PMID: 36605209 PMCID: PMC9807750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exploring the cancer risks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can help detect, evaluate, and treat malignancies at an early stage for these patients. Thus, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to determine the cancer risk of RA patients using different types of DMARDs and analyze their relationship with tumor mutational burdens (TMBs) reflecting immunogenicity. Methods A thorough search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Medline was conducted up to 20 August 2022. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were constructed with a random-effect model to determine risks for different types of malignancies in comparison with the general population. We also analyzed the correlation between SIRs and TMBs using linear regression (LR). Results From a total of 22 studies, data on 371,311 RA patients receiving different types of DMARDs, 36 kinds of malignancies, and four regions were available. Overall cancer risks were 1.15 (SIR 1.15; 1.09-1.22; p < 0.001) and 0.91 (SIR 0.91; 0.72-1.14; p = 0.402) in RA populations using conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) and biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs), respectively. RA patients taking csDMARDs displayed a 1.77-fold lung cancer risk (SIR 1.77; 1.50-2.09; p < 0.001), a 2.15-fold lymphoma risk (SIR 2.15; 1.78-2.59; p < 0.001), and a 1.72-fold melanoma risk (SIR 1.72; 1.26-2.36; p = 0.001). Correlation coefficients between TMBs and SIRs were 0.22 and 0.29 from those taking csDMARDs and bDMARDs, respectively. Conclusion We demonstrated a cancer risk spectrum of RA populations using DMARDs. Additionally, TMBs were not associated with elevated cancer risks in RA patients following immunosuppressive therapy, which confirmed that iatrogenic immunosuppression might not increase cancer risks in patients with RA. Interpretation Changes were similar in cancer risk after different immunosuppressive treatments, and there was a lack of correlation between SIRs and TMBs. These suggest that we should look for causes of increased risks from the RA disease itself, rather than using different types of DMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Zhang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangpeng Lin
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixuan You
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengjia Tu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng He
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xi
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zekun Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Hu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fan Ge
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Huo
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guibin Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Elkhadragy N, Christ S, Bashawri Y, AlSaran H. Physicians’ self-efficacy, beliefs and intentions to provide tobacco cessation services: A cross-sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. POPULATION MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/134658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zhao C, Xie Y, Zhou X, Zhang Q, Wang N. The effect of different tobacco tar levels on DNA damage in cigarette smoking subjects. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:302-307. [PMID: 32670561 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the genetic damage caused by different tar levels in the human body. Methods The subjects were divided into high, medium and low (12 mg, 8 mg, 5 mg) tar groups according to the tar levels. Nonsmoking populations served as a control group. 2 ml of peripheral blood was collected on the 10th day after morning fasting. Oxidative and genetic toxicological damage indicators were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in human lymphocyte and single cell gel electrophoresis. Results The distribution of hOGG1 concentration was significantly different within all groups, P < 0.01. The concentrations of cotinine, 8-OHdG and Rap-2b were significantly differences between control and medium tar group, control and high tar group, low and medium tar group and low and high tar group, respectively, P < 0.05. The level of PAH-DNA adducts was not significantly changed in the middle tar group and high tar group, P > 0.05. The level of CRP was significantly changed between control and high tar group, low and high tar group and medium and high tar group, respectively, P < 0.0001. The rate of comet tailing was significantly different between all groups. The rate of micronucleus cells was not significantly different between all groups. Conclusions The increase of tar content could increase the DNA damage to a certain extent, so the intake of tar content should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, High-tech Zone, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yuanchen Xie
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, High-tech Zone, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, High-tech Zone, Henan 450001, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, High-tech Zone, Henan 450001, China
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Wiseman KP, Hauser L, Clark C, Odumosu O, Dahl N, Peregoy J, Sheffield CW, Klesges RC, Anderson RT. An Evaluation of the Process and Quality Improvement Measures of the University of Virginia Cancer Center Tobacco Treatment Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4707. [PMID: 32629953 PMCID: PMC7369775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use after a cancer diagnosis can increase risk of disease recurrence, increase the likelihood of a second primary cancer, and negatively impact treatment efficacy. The implementation of system-wide comprehensive tobacco cessation in the oncology setting has historically been low, with over half of cancer clinicians reporting that they do not treat or provide a referral to cessation resources. This quality improvement study evaluated the procedures for assessing and documenting tobacco use among cancer survivors and referring current smokers to cessation resources at the University of Virginia Cancer Center. Process mapping revealed 20 gaps across two major domains: electronic health record (EHR), and personnel barriers. The top identified priority was inconsistent documentation of tobacco use status as it impacted several downstream gaps. Eleven of the 20 gaps were deemed a high priority, and all were addressed during the implementation of the resulting Tobacco Treatment Program. Prioritized gaps were addressed using a combination of provider training, modifications to clinical workflow, and EHR modifications. Since implementation of solutions, the number of unique survivors receiving cessation treatment has increased from 284 survivors receiving cessation support during Year 1 of the initiative to 487 in Year 3. The resulting Tobacco Treatment Program provides a systematic, personalized, and sustainable comprehensive cessation program that optimizes the multifaceted workflow of the Cancer Center and has the potential to reduce tobacco use in a population most in need of cessation support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara P. Wiseman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (R.C.K.); (R.T.A.)
| | - Lindsay Hauser
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.H.); (C.C.); (O.O.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Connie Clark
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.H.); (C.C.); (O.O.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Onyiyoza Odumosu
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.H.); (C.C.); (O.O.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Neely Dahl
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.H.); (C.C.); (O.O.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Jennifer Peregoy
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.H.); (C.C.); (O.O.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Christina W. Sheffield
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.H.); (C.C.); (O.O.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Robert C. Klesges
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (R.C.K.); (R.T.A.)
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.H.); (C.C.); (O.O.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (C.W.S.)
- Center for Addiction Prevention Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Roger T. Anderson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (R.C.K.); (R.T.A.)
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.H.); (C.C.); (O.O.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (C.W.S.)
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Filippov SV, Yarushkin AA, Yakovleva AK, Kozlov VV, Gulyaeva LF. [Effect of benzo(a)pyrene on the expression of AhR-regulated microRNA in female and male rat lungs]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2020; 66:224-232. [PMID: 32588828 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206603224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer, mainly due to presence of nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in tobacco smoke composition. The genotoxic effect of BP is based on the high DNA-binding ability of its metabolites, while the epigenetic effects are mediated by a change in the expression of cancer related genes or regulatory RNAs. It has been shown that women have a higher risk to develop lung cancer upon smoking rather than men. We hypothesized that crosstalk between signaling pathways activated by BP and estrogens could underlie the sex-dependent differences in miRNAs expression. To test this hypothesis, male and female rats were subjected to short-term or long-term BP exposure. Using in silico analysis, miRNAs containing the ER- and AhR-binding sites in the promoters of the genes (or host genes) were selected. During chronic exposure of BP the expression of miR-22-3p, -29a-3p, -126a-3p, -193b-5p in the lungs of male rats were significantly increased, while the level of miRNA-483-3p were decreased. Expression of miRNA-483-3p was up-regulated during chronic BP exposure in the lungs of female rats and the levels of other studied miRNAs were unchanged. In turn, changes in the expression of miRNAs were followed by changes in the expression of their target genes, including PTEN, EMP2, IGF1, ITGA6, SLC34A2, and the observed changes in female and male rat lungs were varied. Thus, our results suggest that sex-dependent epigenetic effects of BP may be based on different expression of AhR- and ER- regulated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Filippov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Yarushkin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A K Yakovleva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V V Kozlov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk Regional Oncology Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L F Gulyaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between baseball participation and health (musculoskeletal, general, and psychological health) and to identify research gaps in the existing literature. DESIGN Systematic scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH Medical databases and gray literature were systematically searched from inception to November 2018. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA All studies that investigated constructs related to the health of current or former baseball players were included. DATA SYNTHESIS Data were extracted for thematic summaries. RESULTS Ten thousand five hundred seventy-four titles/abstracts were screened, and 678 studies were included. Ninety percent of articles included only baseball players playing in the United States, 34% of articles investigated professional baseball players, and 11% studied college baseball players. Five hundred eighty-three (86%) studies investigated musculoskeletal health, 77 (11%) general health, and 18 (3%) psychological health. Injury incidence (injuries per 1000 athlete exposures) ranged from 0.7 to 3.6 in professional, 4.7 to 5.8 in college, and 0.8 to 4.0 in high school baseball. Among baseball players, 31% to 50% reported regular tobacco use. There was limited research investigating psychological health in current or former baseball players at all competition levels. CONCLUSION Almost 90% of all articles investigated musculoskeletal health, with few articles studying general or psychological health. Baseball players have high tobacco, alcohol, and drug use compared to the general population, which may have negative health outcomes. Little is understood about the long-term musculoskeletal, general, and psychological health of baseball players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(2):55-66. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9281.
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Zhang Z, Bien J, Mori M, Jindal S, Bergan R. A way forward for cancer prevention therapy: personalized risk assessment. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6898-6912. [PMID: 31839883 PMCID: PMC6901339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by genetic and molecular aberrations whose number and complexity increase dramatically as cells progress along the spectrum of carcinogenesis. The pharmacologic application of agents in the context of a lower burden of dysregulated cellular processes constitutes an efficient strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy, and underlies the rationale for using cancer prevention agents in high-risk populations. A longstanding barrier to implementing this strategy is that the risk in the general population is low for any given cancer, many people would have to be treated in order to benefit a few. Therefore, identifying and treating high-risk individuals will improve the risk: benefit ratio. Currently, risk is defined by considering a relatively low number of factors. A strategy that considers multiple factors has the ability to define a much-higher-risk cohort than the general population. This article will review the rationale for evaluating multiple risk factors so as to identify individuals at highest risk. It will use breast and lung cancer as examples, will describe currently available risk assessment tools, and will discuss ongoing efforts to expand the impact of this approach. The high potential of this strategy to provide a way forward for developing cancer prevention therapy will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bien
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Motomi Mori
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Zhang L, Li X, Quan X, Tian W, Yang X, Zhou B. A Case/Control Study: AGBL1 Polymorphism Related to Lung Cancer Risk in Chinese Nonsmoking Females. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1452-1459. [PMID: 31603707 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP/GTP binding protein like 1 (AGBL1) plays a role in controlling the length of polyglutamate side chains. Polymorphism rs4513061 in AGBL1 is suspected to influence the risk of lung cancer. A case/control study was performed involving 556 cases and 563 controls from a hospital participating in donation. The relationship between rs4513061 and the risk of lung cancer and the interaction between rs4513061 and environmental exposure were determined by the chi-square tests, logistic regression analysis, and crossover analysis. The survival analysis was conducted by Cox proportional hazard regression. The results showed that rs4513061 polymorphism is associated with the risk of lung cancer. The stratified analysis suggested the protective effect of rs4513061 to different histological types of lung cancer, including lung adenocarcinoma (AA vs. GG: odds ratio [OR] = 0.505, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.337-0.756, p < 0.001), squamous cell lung cancer (AG vs. GG: OR = 0.488, 95% CI = 0.269-0.883, p = 0.018), and small-cell lung cancer (AA vs. GG: OR = 0.421, 95% CI = 0.216-0.819, p = 0.011). Nevertheless, there was no significant interaction between rs4513061 and cooking oil fume. Significant impact was not observed between the rs4513061 polymorphism and survival time of lung cancer. Our study indicated that rs4513061 in AGBL1 decreases the risk of lung cancer in nonsmoking females from northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Quan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianglin Yang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cell Type- and Exposure-Specific Modulation of CD63/CD81-Positive and Tissue Factor-Positive Extracellular Vesicle Release in response to Respiratory Toxicants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5204218. [PMID: 31485294 PMCID: PMC6710792 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5204218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to respiratory stressors increases the risk for pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we have shown that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) triggers the release of CD63+CD81+ and tissue factor (TF)+ procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs) by bronchial epithelial cells via depletion of cell surface thiols. Here, we hypothesized that this represents a universal response for different pulmonary cell types and respiratory exposures. Using bead-based flow cytometry, we found that bronchial epithelial cells and pulmonary fibroblasts, but not pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells or macrophages, release CD63+CD81+ and TF+ EVs in response to CSE. Cell surface thiols decreased in all cell types upon CSE exposure, whereas depletion of cell surface thiols using bacitracin only triggered EV release by epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The thiol-antioxidant NAC prevented the EV induction by CSE in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Exposure of epithelial cells to occupational silica nanoparticles and particulate matter (PM) from outdoor air pollution also enhanced EV release. Cell surface thiols were mildly decreased and NAC partly prevented the EV induction for PM10, but not for silica and PM2.5. Taken together, induction of procoagulant EVs is a cell type-specific response to CSE. Moreover, induction of CD63+CD81+ and TF+ EVs in bronchial epithelial cells appears to be a universal response to various respiratory stressors. TF+ EVs may serve as biomarkers of exposure and/or risk in response to respiratory exposures and may help to guide preventive treatment decisions.
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Goto Y, Wada K, Uji T, Koda S, Mizuta F, Yamakawa M, Nagata C. Number of Teeth and All-Cause and Cancer Mortality in a Japanese Community: The Takayama Study. J Epidemiol 2019; 30:213-218. [PMID: 31006716 PMCID: PMC7153964 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the number of teeth and mortality among community-dwelling people has been examined in many epidemiological studies. However, few Japanese studies have included cancer mortality as an endpoint. We prospectively investigated the association between number of remaining teeth and all-cause and cancer mortality in a Japanese community. METHODS This study included participants in the Takayama Study who were aged 35-70 years old at baseline in 1992. Information on the number of remaining teeth was obtained from 11,273 participants via questionnaire at the second survey in 2002. The response rate was 66.9%. Deaths and their causes were ascertained during 11.8 years of follow-up. RESULTS A total of 1,098 deaths (435 cancer-related and 235 cardiovascular-related) were identified during the follow-up period. After adjusting for covariates, participants with 0 to 9 teeth were at moderate but significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.39) and cancer mortality (HR 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03-1.67) compared to those with 20 or more teeth. With regard to cancer site, a significant association was observed for lung cancer (HR for 0-9 teeth vs. 20 or more teeth, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.08-2.83). This association was somewhat strengthened among never-smokers (HR 3.56; 95% CI, 1.02-12.45). CONCLUSIONS We observed that a lower number of remaining teeth was significantly associated with increased risk from all-cause and lung cancer mortality. Further studies on the number of teeth and lung and other types of cancer are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Goto
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Uji
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Sachi Koda
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Fumi Mizuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Michiyo Yamakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
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13
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He Y, Shi Y, Liu R, Wang Z, Wang B, Li S, Zhang H. PELI3 mediates pro-tumor actions of down-regulated miR-365a-5p in non-small cell lung cancer. Biol Res 2019; 52:24. [PMID: 30995936 PMCID: PMC6469140 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the relative expression of PELI3 and its mechanistic involvement in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods PELI3 expression in NSCLC tissue samples was determined by the immunohistochemistry. The transcripts abundance of PELI3 was measured with real-time PCR. The protein intensity was analyzed by western blot. The overall survival in respect to PELI3 or miR-365a-5p expression was plotted by the Kaplan–Meier’s analysis. Cell growth was determined by colony formation assay. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and transwell assay respectively. The regulatory effect of miR-365a-5p on PELI3 was interrogated with luciferase reporter assay. The direct binding between miR-365a-5p and PELI3 was analyzed by pulldown assay. Results PELI3 was aberrantly up-regulated in NSCLC both in vivo and in vitro. High level of PELI3 associated with poor prognosis. PELI3-deficiency significantly inhibited cell viability, colony formation, migration and invasion. We further identified that miR-365a-5p negatively regulated PELI3 in this disease. Ectopic expression of miR-365a-5p in both A549 and H1299 phenocopied PELI3-deficiency. Meanwhile, PELI3-silencing significantly abolished the pro-tumoral effect elicited by miR-365a-5p inhibition. Conclusion Our results highlighted the importance of dysregulated miR-365a-5p-PELI3 signaling axis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yantao Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Ruilin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Helin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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Park EJ, Park YJ, Lee SJ, Lee K, Yoon C. Whole cigarette smoke condensates induce ferroptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 303:55-66. [PMID: 30579903 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is responsible for many fatal pulmonary diseases, however, the toxic mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we first confirmed that whole cigarette smoke condensates (WCSC) contain hydrophilic elements, lipophilic and gaseous components. Then, we treated BEAS-2B cells, a normal human bronchial epithelial cell line, at dosages of 0.25, 0.5, and 1% for 24 h and explored the toxic mechanism. Cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and fission and fusion of mitochondria, damage of endoplasmic reticulume (ER) structures, and formation of autophagosome-like vacuoles were found in cells treated with 1% WCSC. Mitochondrial and ER volumes, lysosomal fluorescence intensity, LDH release, and intracellular ROS levels notably decreased at the highest doses compared with the control, whereas intracellular calcium ion and NO levels were significantly elevated accompanying G2/M phase arrest. Expression of an iron-binding nuclear protein-related gene (pirin) was the most up-regulated in the WCSC-treated cells with enhanced expression of antioxidant-related genes, whereas expression of carbonic anhydrase IX gene, a marker of tumor hypoxia, was the most down-regulated. Additionally, levels of apoptosis (BAX, Apaf-1, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP), autophagy (p62 and LC3B-II), ER stress (PERK, IRE-1a, Bip, and CHOP), antioxidant (SOD-1 and SOD-2), and MAPkinase activation (p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK)-related proteins were clearly enhanced following exposure to WCSC, whereas expression of several mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins was reduced with dose. Interestingly, expression of ferritin protein (light chain) was dramatically enhanced near the ER along with that of p62 protein. More importantly, the hypoxia inducible factor-1 pathway and ferroptosis were proposed among the 20 terms in KEGG pathway analysis, and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, which are involved in hypoxia-induced inflammation, were clearly elevated with dose. Taken together, we suggest that WCSC may induce ferroptosis in bronchial epithelial cells via ER stress and disturbed homeostasis in mitochondrial dynamics caused by induction of hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoo-Jin Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jellobuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jellobuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Dresler C, Warren GW, Arenberg D, Yang P, Steliga MA, Cummings KM, Stone E, Jassem J. "Teachable Moment" Interventions in Lung Cancer: Why Action Matters. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 13:603-605. [PMID: 29703537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Dresler
- IASLC Tobacco Control and Smoking Cessation Committee, New York, NY
| | - Graham W Warren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, and the Department of Cell and Molecular, Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Douglas Arenberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Matthew A Steliga
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and the Tobacco Cessation Program, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Emily Stone
- St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW Australia.
| | - Jacek Jassem
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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16
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Huang L, Duan S, Shao H, Zhang A, Chen S, Zhang P, Wang N, Wang W, Wu Y, Wang J, Liu H, Yao W, Zhang Q, Feng F. NLRP3 deletion inhibits inflammation-driven mouse lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene and lipopolysaccharide. Respir Res 2019; 20:20. [PMID: 30696442 PMCID: PMC6352353 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory micro-environment has been proposed to play a critical role in lung tumorigenesis. NLRP3 is known as an intracellular receptor involving inflammation and has been reported which is increasingly associated with tumor development, but the role in inflammation-driven lung cancer has not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation could contribute to lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)p] in C57BL/6J mice and the role of NLRP3 in the pathogenesis. Methods NLRP3−/− mice and C57BL/6J mice (wide-type, WT) were instilled intratracheally with B(a)p (1 mg/mouse) once a week for 4 times [the week of the last time of B(a)p treatment named Week 0], and mice were then instilled intratracheally with LPS at Week 3, 2.5 μg/mouse, once every three weeks for 5 times. At Week 30, the incidence, number, size and histopathology of lung tumor were analyzed. Results Mice exposed to B(a)p or B(a)p plus LPS could induce lung tumors, whereas LPS or vehicles treatment could not induce lung tumorigenesis. In WT mice, B(a)p plus LPS exposure significantly increased tumor incidence, mean tumor count and tumor size of visible tumors of lungs compared with B(a)p treatment alone, and NLRP3 deletion inhibited lung tumorigenesis induced by B(a)p or B(a)p plus LPS. Histopathological examination found LPS-induced pulmonary inflammatory changes enhanced lung tumorigenesis induced by B(a)p in WT mice, deletion of NLRP3 improved the inflammatory changes induced by LPS and the number and size of pathological tumor nests induced by B(a)p or B(a)p plus LPS. In addition, we found B(a)p treatment and B(a)p plus LPS treatment predominately induced the development of adenoma. Conclusion LPS enhanced B(a)p-induced lung tumorigenesis in WT and NLRP3−/− mice of C57BL/6J strain, and NLRP3 deletion inhibits lung tumorigenesis induced by B(a)p or B(a)p plus LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan province, China
| | - Shuyin Duan
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan province, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan province, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, Cancer, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan province, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan province, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan province, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan province, China.
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Riihimäki O, Tikkanen M, Melin J, Andersson S, Metsäranta M, Nuutila M, Gissler M, Paavonen J, Pukkala E. Subsequent risk of cancer among women with a history of placental abruption. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:52-56. [PMID: 30264633 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1512155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placentation is characterized by extensive cell proliferation and neovascularization, which is similar to the processes observed in the development of cancer. Nonetheless, little is known about the relation between abnormal placentation, such as placental abruption, and cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data on women with placental abruption in a singleton pregnancy between 1971 and 2005 (n = 7804) were collected from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Registry and the Finnish Medical Birth Registry. The cohort was then linked with the Finnish Cancer Registry records until the end of 2013. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for different cancers by dividing the observed numbers of cancers by those expected. The expected numbers were based on national cancer incidence rates. RESULTS During follow-up, 597 cancers were found among women with a history of placental abruption. The overall risk of cancer was not increased (SIR 0.95, 95% CI 0.88-1.02). However, the history of placental abruption was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (SIR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05-2.10) and thyroid cancer (SIR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04-2.02). A decreased risk was found for breast cancer (SIR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.96). The risk of rectal cancer was also decreased, although these numbers were small (SIR 0.49, 95% CI 0.20-1.01). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the risk of lung cancer was increased, and the risk of breast cancer decreased, in women with a history of placental abruption. These observations can be explained to some extent by risk factors or risk markers for placental abruption. The increased risk of thyroid cancer may be explained by surveillance bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Riihimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Tikkanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Melin
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Metsäranta
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Nuutila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- THL National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland and Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorma Paavonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Comen EA, Bowman RL, Kleppe M. Underlying Causes and Therapeutic Targeting of the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:56. [PMID: 29946544 PMCID: PMC6005853 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the link between chronic inflammation and cancer has long been speculated. Only more recently, pre-clinical and epidemiologic data as well as clinical evidence all point to the role of the tumor microenvironment as inextricably connected to the neoplastic process. The tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex mix of vasculature, inflammatory cells, and stromal cells is the essential "soil" helping to modulate tumor potential. Increasingly, evidence suggests that chronic inflammation modifies the tumor microenvironment, via a host of mechanisms, including the production of cytokines, pro-inflammatory mediators, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Inflammation can be triggered by a variety of different pressures, such as carcinogen exposure, immune dysfunction, dietary habits, and obesity, as well as genetic alterations leading to oncogene activation or loss of tumor suppressors. In this review, we examine the concept of the tumor microenvironment as related to both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that promote chronic inflammation and in turn tumorigenesis. Understanding the common pathways inherent in an inflammatory response and the tumor microenvironment may shed light on new therapies for both primary and metastatic disease. The concept of personalized medicine has pushed the field of oncology to drill down on the genetic changes of a cancer, in the hopes of identifying individually targeted agents. Given the complexities of the tumor microenvironment, it is clear that effective oncologic therapies will necessitate targeting not only the cancer cells, but their dynamic relationship to the tumor microenvironment as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Comen
- Breast Cancer Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert L. Bowman
- Center for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Kleppe
- Center for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Dehler S, Tonev S, Korol D, Rohrmann S, Dimitrova N. Recent Trends in Cancer Incidence: Impact of Risk Factors, Diagnostic Activities and Data Quality of Registration. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1636.17894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nagashima H, Fujimura I, Nakamura Y, Utsumi Y, Yamauchi K, Takikawa Y, Yokoyama Y, Sakata K, Kobayashi S, Ogawa A. Changes in pulmonary function of residents in Sanriku Seacoast following the tsunami disaster from the Great East Japan Earthquake. Respir Investig 2018; 56:184-188. [PMID: 29548658 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents in the district struck by the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami (GEJET) suffered from adverse living conditions and various pulmonary diseases. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of GEJET, we performed serial assessment of pulmonary function of approximately 10,000 residents in the district struck by GEJET. METHODS Using a spirometer, we assessed the pulmonary function of approximately 10,000 residents older than 18 years in the Sanriku seacoast, which was struck by the tsunami. Measurements were performed in 2011 and 2012. RESULTS We compared FVC (forced vital capacity) % pred. and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1second) % pred. of subjects between 2011 and 2012, by serial spirometry. Of the 7053 subjects studied, including 2611 men and 4442 women, FVC% pred. and FEV1% pred. were significantly higher in 2012 than in 2011. Physical indices including height, body weight and the body mass index (BMI) did not change significantly during this period. Smoking prevalence changed significantly between 2010, 2011, and 2012. Both FVC% pred. and FEV1% pred. of subjects who had quit smoking increased significantly on spirometry carried out in 2012, compared with those in 2011. CONCLUSIONS The pulmonary function expressed as FVC% pred. and FEV1% pred. were significantly higher in 2012 than in 2011 among the subjects studied. The changes in the smoking status may be one of the reasons for the increase in values observed. However, other undetermined factors during recovery from a disaster might have resulted in improved pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nagashima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Itaru Fujimura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yu Utsumi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamauchi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukari Yokoyama
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Mihama-cho, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Akira Ogawa
- Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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Riihimäki O, Paavonen J, Luukkaala T, Gissler M, Metsäranta M, Andersson S, Nuutila M, Pukkala E, Melin J, Tikkanen M. Mortality and causes of death among women with a history of placental abruption. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96:1315-1321. [PMID: 28832915 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women with a history of placental abruption have an increased later morbidity, but not much is known of the later mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data on women with placental abruption (index cohort) between 1969 and 2005 (n = 7805) were collected from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and the Finnish Medical Birth Register. A matched reference cohort consisted of women without placental abruption (n = 23 523). The causes of death were retrieved from the Cause-of-Death Register. Cause-specific mortality was compared by hazard ratios (HR). Standardized mortality ratios were calculated to compare both cohorts with the general female population. The main outcome measure was subsequent mortality. RESULTS By the end of 2013 there were 395 deaths in the index cohort and 863 deaths in the reference cohort. The overall mortality was increased in the index cohort compared with the reference cohort [HR 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-1.57]. The index cohort had an increased risk of death from respiratory tract malignancies (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05-2.82), alcohol-related causes (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.25-2.72), and external causes (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.19-2.22), especially suicide (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.07-2.74). The mortality from cardiovascular diseases did not differ. The standardized mortality ratio was increased in the index cohort compared with the general Finnish female population (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.24), especially for respiratory tract malignancies (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.16-2.64). The index cohort women tended to die younger than referent women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall mortality among women with a history of placental abruption is increased. These women tend to die younger than referent women do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Riihimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Paavonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- THL National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Metsäranta
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Nuutila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Melin
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Tikkanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Garrido P, Sánchez M, Belda Sanchis J, Moreno Mata N, Artal Á, Gayete Á, Matilla González JM, Galbis Caravajal JM, Isla D, Paz-Ares L, Seijo LM. Reflections on the Implementation of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening in Individuals at High Risk of Lung Cancer in Spain. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 53:568-573. [PMID: 28416207 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a major public health issue. Despite recent advances in treatment, primary prevention and early diagnosis are key to reducing the incidence and mortality of this disease. A recent clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of selective screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in reducing the risk of both lung cancer mortality and all-cause mortality in high-risk individuals. This article contains the reflections of an expert group on the use of LDCT for early diagnosis of LC in high-risk individuals, and how to evaluate its implementation in Spain. The expert group was set up by the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR), the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery (SECT), the Spanish Society of Radiology (SERAM) and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Garrido
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
| | - Marcelo Sánchez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
| | - José Belda Sanchis
- Servicio Mancomunado de Cirugía Torácica, Hospitales Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Sant Pau i Santa Creu y Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - Nicolás Moreno Mata
- Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - Ángel Artal
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
| | - Ángel Gayete
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
| | | | | | - Dolores Isla
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Luis M Seijo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, CIBERES, Madrid, España
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23
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Liu Y, Wang B, Liu X, Lu L, Luo F, Lu X, Shi L, Xu W, Liu Q. Epigenetic silencing of p21 by long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is involved in the cell cycle disorder induced by cigarette smoke extract. Toxicol Lett 2015; 240:60-7. [PMID: 26506537 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are epigenetic regulators, are involved in human malignancies. Little is known, however, about the molecular mechanisms for lncRNA regulation of genes induced by cigarette smoke. We recently found that, in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, the lncRNA, Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), is associated with changes in the cell cycle caused by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). In the present study, we report that increased expression of HOTAIR and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and tri-methylation of Lys 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), affect cell cycle progression during CSE-induced transformation of HBE cells. Inhibition of HOTAIR and EZH2 by siRNAs attenuated CSE-induced decreases of p21 levels. Further, ChIP assays verified that HOTAIR and EZH2 were needed to maintain the interaction of H3K27me3 with the promoter regions of p21; combined use of a HOTAIR plasmid and EZH2 siRNA supported this observation. Thus, HOTAIR epigenetic silencing of p21 via EZH2-mediated H3K27 trimethylation contributes to changes in the cell cycle induced by CSE. These observations provide further understanding of the regulation of CSE-induced lung carcinogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Bairu Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Xinlu Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Fei Luo
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Le Shi
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Wenchao Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
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24
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Khazaei HA, Khazaei B, Dashtizadeh GA, Mohammadi M. Cigarette Smoking and Skin Prick Test in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2015; 4:e23483. [PMID: 26495257 PMCID: PMC4609504 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.23483v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is the most common allergic disease, affecting 30% of population around the world. The disease is predominantly associated with exposure to some aeroallergens like cigarette smoking. Skin Prick Test (SPT) is a method of detecting immediate allergic reactions and is applied for controlling disease and therapeutic modality. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on SPT results among male and female individuals with AR disease. Patients and Methods: A total of 478 patients with AR admitted to the 2 main hospitals of Zahedan City from 2005 to 2012, were recruited in this analytic-descriptive study. Categories of smokers and never smokers were used based on patient’s statements and their history of smoking. SPT was performed with panel of some allergens and results were recorded and analyzed statistically. Odds ratio and confidence interval method were calculated using univariate logistic regression. Results: The results of this study indicated that 41.4% of patients with allergic rhinitis was smoker with ages ranged from 15 to 70 years. The result of this study also showed that smoking has no effect on SPT results of pollen and weeds aeroallergens conducted on male and female AR patients. However, male were significantly more sensitive than female in terms of sensitivity to the aspergillus, cladosporium, house dust mite, grasses, wheat, cockroach, and feather allergens. Conclusions: Our findings did not support the effect of cigarette smoking on SPT reactivity to pollen and weeds aeroallergens. However, male were significantly more sensitive than female in terms of sensitivity to some allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ali Khazaei
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Research Center for Clinical Immunology, Ali Ebne Abi Taleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Bahman Khazaei
- Ali Ebne Abi Taleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Chabahar Branch, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Bahman Khazaei, Ali Ebne Abi Taleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Chabahar Branch, Zahedan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5433224122, Fax: +98-5433295563, E-mail:
| | - Gholam Ali Dashtizadeh
- Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Ali Ebne Abi Taleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohammadi
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
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25
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Abstract
The increasing popularity and availability of electronic cigarettes (i.e., e-cigarettes) in many countries have promoted debate among health professionals as to what to recommend to their patients who might be struggling to stop smoking or asking about e-cigarettes. In the absence of evidence-based guidelines for using e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, some health professionals have urged caution about recommending them due to the limited evidence of their safety and efficacy, while others have argued that e-cigarettes are obviously a better alternative to continued cigarette smoking and should be encouraged. The leadership of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer asked the Tobacco Control and Smoking Cessation Committee to formulate a statement on the use of e-cigarettes by cancer patients to help guide clinical practice. Below is this statement, which we will update periodically as new evidence becomes available.
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26
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Tseng TS, Moody-Thomas S, Horswell R, Yi Y, Celestin MD, Jones KD. Using a health informatics system to assess effect of a federal cigarette tax increase on readiness to quit among low-income smokers, Louisiana, 2009. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E52. [PMID: 24698530 PMCID: PMC3976230 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.130203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Health informatics systems are a proven tool for tobacco control interventions. To address the needs of low-income groups, the Tobacco Control Initiative was established in partnership with the Louisiana State University Health Care Services Division to provide cost-effective tobacco use cessation services through the health informatics system in the state public hospital system. Methods In this study we used a Web-based, result-reporting application to monitor and assess the effect of the 2009 federal cigarette tax increase. We assessed readiness to quit tobacco use before and after a cigarette tax increase among low-income tobacco users who were outpatients in a public hospital system. Results Overall, there was an increase in readiness to quit, from 22% during the first week of February to 33% during the first week of April, when the tax went into effect. Smokers who were female, 31 or older, African American, and assessed at a clinic visit in April were more likely to report readiness to quit than were men, those aged 30 or younger, those who were white, and those who were assessed at a clinic visit in February. Conclusion A health informatics system that efficiently tracks trends in readiness to quit can be used in combination with other strategies and thus optimize efforts to control tobacco use. Our data suggest that a cigarette tax increase affects smokers’ readiness to quit and provides an opportunity to intervene at the most beneficial time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Sung Tseng
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier St, New Orleans, LA 70112. E-mail:
| | | | | | - Yong Yi
- Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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