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Ahn WK, Yu K, Kim H, Lee ST, Choi JR, Han JW, Lyu CJ, Hahn S, Shin S. Monitoring measurable residual disease in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using immunoglobulin gene clonality based on next-generation sequencing. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:218. [PMID: 38918782 PMCID: PMC11201849 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) is an essential prognostic tool for B-lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). In this study, we evaluated the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based MRD assessment in real-world clinical practice. METHOD The study included 93 paediatric patients with B-ALL treated at our institution between January 2017 and June 2022. Clonality for IGH or IGK rearrangements was identified in most bone marrow samples (91/93, 97.8%) obtained at diagnosis. RESULTS In 421 monitoring samples, concordance was 74.8% between NGS and multiparameter flow cytometry and 70.7% between NGS and reverse transcription-PCR. Elevated quantities of clones of IGH alone (P < 0.001; hazard ratio [HR], 22.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1-69.1), IGK alone (P = 0.011; HR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.5-22.5), and IGH or IGK (P < 0.001; HR, 7.2; 95% CI, 2.6-20.0) were associated with an increased risk of relapse. Detection of new clone(s) in NGS was also associated with inferior relapse-free survival (P < 0.001; HR, 18.1; 95% CI, 3.0-108.6). Multivariable analysis confirmed age at diagnosis, BCR::ABL1-like mutation, TCF3::PBX1 mutation, and increased quantity of IGH or IGK clones during monitoring as unfavourable factors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study highlights the usefulness of NGS-based MRD as a routine assessment tool for prognostication of paediatric patients with B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kee Ahn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Dxome Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Dxome Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuhl Joo Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Hahn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Pagliaro L, Chen SJ, Herranz D, Mecucci C, Harrison CJ, Mullighan CG, Zhang M, Chen Z, Boissel N, Winter SS, Roti G. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38871740 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a haematological malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. Over past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the biology of ALL, resulting in remarkable improvements in its diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Since the advent of chemotherapy, ALL has been the platform to test for innovative approaches applicable to cancer in general. For example, the advent of omics medicine has led to a deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic features that underpin ALL. Innovations in genomic profiling techniques have identified specific genetic alterations and mutations that drive ALL, inspiring new therapies. Targeted agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies, have shown promising results in subgroups of patients while minimizing adverse effects. Furthermore, the development of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy represents a breakthrough in ALL treatment, resulting in remarkable responses and potential long-term remissions. Advances are not limited to treatment modalities alone. Measurable residual disease monitoring and ex vivo drug response profiling screening have provided earlier detection of disease relapse and identification of exceptional responders, enabling clinicians to adjust treatment strategies for individual patients. Decades of supportive and prophylactic care have improved the management of treatment-related complications, enhancing the quality of life for patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel Herranz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicolas Boissel
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stuart S Winter
- Children's Minnesota Cancer and Blood Disorders Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Yu J, Luo Y, Wang L, Wang T, Ye M, Chen J, Ni X, Chen L, Gao L, Yang J. Effect of sustained measurable residue disease negativity and post-remission treatment selection on the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7310. [PMID: 38785213 PMCID: PMC11117453 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the effects of monitoring measurable residual disease and post-remission treatment selection on the clinical outcomes of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults. METHODS Between September 2010 and January 2022, adult patients with B-ALL who received combination chemotherapy, with or without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), were included in the retrospective study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee and the observation of Declaration of Helsinki conditions. RESULTS One hundred and forty-three B-ALL patients achieved complete remission (CR) were included in the study, of whom 94 patients (65.7%) received allo-HSCT in first complete remission (CR1). Multivariate analysis showed that the most powerful factors affecting OS were transplantation (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.540, p = 0.037) and sustained measurable residue disease (MRD) negativity (HR = 0.508, p = 0.037). The subgroup analysis showed that the prognosis of the allo-HSCT group was better than that of the chemotherapy group, regardless of whether MRD was negative or positive after two courses of consolidation therapy. After consolidation therapy, the prognosis of patients with positive MRD remained significantly better in the allo-HSCT group than in the chemotherapy group. However, no significant difference was observed in the prognosis between the allo-HSCT and chemotherapy groups with negative MRD after consolidation therapy. CONCLUSIONS B-ALL patients who achieve sustained MRD negativity during consolidation therapy have excellent long-term outcomes even without allo-HSCT. Allo-HSCT is associated with a significant benefit in terms of OS and DFS for patients who were with positive MRD during consolidation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechen Yu
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanrong Luo
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Libing Wang
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mingyu Ye
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiong Ni
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Chen
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Castro-Uriol D, Rios L, Enriquez-Vera D, Montoya J, Runciman T, Alarcón S, Zapata A, Hernández E, León E, Malpica L, Valcarcel B. Real-World Outcomes of Adolescents and Young Adults with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024; 13:323-330. [PMID: 37843922 PMCID: PMC10998009 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are typically treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). However, a standard of care for managing adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with DLBCL is lacking. We examine treatment approaches and outcomes of this population. Methods: We included 90 AYAs (15-39 years) diagnosed with DLBCL between 2008 and 2018 in three tertiary centers in Peru. Overall response rates (ORR) were available for all patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 33 years, 57% were males, 57% had good performance status (Lansky/Karnofsky ≥90), and 61% were diagnosed with early-stage disease (Ann Arbor stages I-II). R-CHOP (n = 69, 77%) was the most frequently used first-line regimen, with an ORR of 91%. With a median follow-up of 83 months, the 5-year OS and PFS among all patients were 79% and 67%, respectively. Among the patients who received R-CHOP, the 5-year OS and PFS were 77% and 66%, respectively. Of the 29 (32%) patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease, 83% received second-line treatment and only 14% underwent consolidation therapy with autologous transplantation. The 3-year OS for R/R DLBCL was 36%. Conclusion: Our data show that AYAs with DLBCL who received conventional therapy had comparable outcomes to those observed in studies conducted among the adult population. However, the prognosis for AYAs with R/R disease was dismal, indicating the unmet need for developing and increasing access to novel treatment modalities in AYAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Castro-Uriol
- Departamento de Oncología y Radioterapia, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
- Centro de Medicina de Precisión, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Ligia Rios
- Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica y del Adolescente, Departamento de Oncología y Radioterapia, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Perú
| | - Daniel Enriquez-Vera
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jacqueline Montoya
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Thanya Runciman
- Departamento de Oncología y Radioterapia, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru
| | - Sandra Alarcón
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Arturo Zapata
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Eddy Hernández
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Esmeralda León
- Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica y del Adolescente, Departamento de Oncología y Radioterapia, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú
| | - Luis Malpica
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan Valcarcel
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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5
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Wang Z, Fan Z, Wu Z, Xuan L, Li X, Tang B, Liu Y, He J, Huang K, Zhou X, Gao Y, Wang Q, Li X, Lin R, Xu N, Huang F, Wang S, Liang X, Zhang J, Liu X, Sun J, Liu Q, Zhou H. PASS-ALL study of paediatric-inspired versus adult chemotherapy regimens on survival of high-risk Philadelphia-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:628-637. [PMID: 38050437 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
This PASS-ALL study was designed to explore the effect of paediatric-inspired versus adult chemotherapy regimens on survival of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with high-risk Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (HR PH-ve B-cell ALL) eligible for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The PASS-ALL study is a multicentre, observational cohort study, and 143 patients with HR B-cell PH-ve ALL were enrolled from five centres-77 patients allocated in the paediatric-inspired cohort and 66 in the adult cohort with comparable baseline characteristics. Of the 143 patients, 128 cases underwent allo-HSCT. Three-year leukaemia-free survival (LFS) in the paediatric-inspired cohort was 72.2% (95% CI 60.8%-83.6%) compared with 44.6% (95% CI 31.9%-57.3%; p = 0.001). Furthermore, time-to-positive minimal residual disease (TTP-MRD) post-HSCT was marked different, 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 25.9% (95% CI 15.8%-37.2%) in paediatric cohort and 45.4% (95% CI 40.0%-57.9%) in adult cohort (p = 0.026). Finally, the 3-year OS rate was 75.3% (95% CI 64.9%-85.7%) for the paediatric-inspired cohort and 64.1% (95% CI 51.8%-76.4%) for the adult cohort (p = 0.074). On a multivariate analysis, paediatric-inspired regimen is a predictive factor for LFS (HR = 2.540, 95% CI 1.327-4.862, p = 0.005). Collectively, our data suggest that paediatric-inspired chemotherapy pre-HSCT results in deeper and durable MRD response reduces relapse post-HSCT and improves survival in HR B-cell PH-ve ALL patients with allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiping Fan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Xuan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingqing Tang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao He
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangyu Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingquan Liang
- Department of Hematology, The 1st People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research, Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Russell H, Hord J, Orr CJ, Moerdler S. Child Health and the Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Workforce: 2020-2040. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023063678L. [PMID: 38299998 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063678l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric hematology-oncology (PHO) is 1 of the oldest recognized pediatric subspecialities. PHO physicians care for infants, children, adolescents, and young adults with all types of cancer and nonmalignant blood conditions, in many cases temporarily assuming the role of a primary care physician because of the complexity and intensity of treatment. However, the number of clinically active PHO subspecialists needed to care for children in the United States remains unknown. Recent papers suggest a potential oversaturation of PHO physicians in some geographic areas. This article is part of a Pediatrics supplement focused on projecting the future supply of the pediatric subspecialty workforce. It draws on information available in the literature, data from the American Board of Pediatrics, and findings from a new microsimulation model estimating the future supply of pediatric subspecialists through 2040. The model predicts a workforce growth in PHO subspecialists of 66% by 2040. Alternative scenarios, including changes in clinical time and fellowship size, resulted in a difference in growth of ±18% from baseline. The model also forecasts significant geographic maldistribution. For example, the current workforce is concentrated in the Northeast Census region and the model predicts the New England Census division will have a 2.9-fold higher clinical workforce equivalent per 100 000 children aged 0 to 18 years than the Mountain Census division by 2040. These findings suggest potential opportunities to improve the PHO subspecialty workforce and the outcomes and experiences of its patient population through educational changes, practice initiatives, policy interventions, and dedicated research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Russell
- University of Texas Health Houston School of Public Health, Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey Hord
- Akron Children's Hospital, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Akron, Ohio
| | - Colin J Orr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott Moerdler
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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7
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Moerdler S, DuVall AS, Hayes-Lattin B, Grimes A, Prasad PK, Molina JC, Monga V, Freyer DR, Roth ME. Gaps in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Education in Oncology Fellowship Training. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024; 13:97-104. [PMID: 37477884 PMCID: PMC11071107 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 15-39 years) with cancer experience disparities in care and outcomes compared with older/younger patients. AYAs receive care from medical and pediatric oncologists, however, little is known about the extent of training fellows receive. This needs assessment evaluating current AYA oncology (AYA-O) education in pediatric and medical oncology fellowship programs to identify knowledge gaps for curricular development. Methods: An anonymous, cross-sectional, web-based survey developed by pediatric and medical oncologists was sent to medical (n = 178) and pediatric (n = 119) hematology/oncology program directors (PDs) at 251 sites in the United States. PDs were asked to participate and distribute the survey to their fellows. Survey questions addressed current AYA curriculum, provider comfort, and priorities for future AYA educational content. Results: Participants from 69/251 programs responded (program response rate = 27%), including 51 PDs (32 pediatric, 19 medical oncology) and 58 fellows (33 pediatric, 25 medical oncology). Eighty-five percent of PDs (44/51) reported lacking formal AYA curricula. Of these, 80% (35/44) offer some topic-specific lectures, while 20% (9/44) provide little/no education for any topics. For nearly all topics, at least 45% of combined respondents reported little/no education. Respondents believe AYA topics are important for inclusion in future curricula. The most important topics for inclusion reported were oncofertility (82%), survivorship (78%), and communication (77%). Conclusions: There are large and actionable gaps in AYA-O education during fellowship training. Efforts are underway to develop AYA-O curriculum to provide both medical and pediatric oncology fellows with the knowledge and skills required to provide optimal AYA care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Moerdler
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Adam S. DuVall
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brandon Hayes-Lattin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Allison Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Pinki K. Prasad
- Hematology and Oncology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health, Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - John C. Molina
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David R. Freyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Population and Public Health Sciences, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael E. Roth
- Department of Pediatrics Patient Care, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Yoon JH, Lee S. Diagnostic and therapeutic advances in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the era of gene analysis and targeted immunotherapy. Korean J Intern Med 2024; 39:34-56. [PMID: 38225824 PMCID: PMC10790045 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most rapidly changing hematological malignancies with advanced understanding of the genetic landscape, detection methods of minimal residual disease (MRD), and the development of immunotherapeutic agents with good clinical outcomes. The annual incidence of adult ALL in Korea is 300-350 patients per year. The WHO classification of ALL was revised in 2022 to reflect the molecular cytogenetic features and suggest new adverse- risk subgroups, such as Ph-like ALL and ETP-ALL. We continue to use traditional adverse-risk features and cytogenetics, with MRD-directed post-remission therapy including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, with the introduction of novel agents, such as ponatinib, blinatumomab, and inotuzumab ozogamicin incorporated into frontline therapy, good MRD responses have been achieved, and overall survival outcomes are improving. Accordingly, some clinical trials have suggested a possible era of chemotherapy-free or transplantation-free approaches in the near future. Nevertheless, relapse of refractory ALL still occurs, and some poor ALL subtypes, such as Ph-like ALL and ETP-ALL, are unsolved problems for which novel agents and treatment strategies are needed. In this review, we summarize the currently applied diagnostic and therapeutic practices in the era of advanced genetic analysis and targeted immunotherapies in United States and Europe and introduce real-world Korean data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Yoon
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Lee
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Janardan SK, Miller TP. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) vs pediatric patients: survival, risks, and barriers to enrollment. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2023; 2023:581-586. [PMID: 38066874 PMCID: PMC10727024 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2023000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 15-39 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have worse outcomes than pediatric patients with ALL. Multiple factors contribute to this differential survival. AYAs are more likely to have higher-risk leukemia biology than children with ALL. AYA patients have more choices for treatment facility and treatment protocol, as well as barriers to clinical trial enrollment, both of which can affect survival. AYAs must also navigate psychosocial factors inherent to their unique developmental stage. Furthermore, AYAs typically sustain more treatment-related toxicities than pediatric patients. Treatment on pediatric or pediatric-inspired ALL protocols at pediatric cancer centers has been associated with improved outcomes for AYAs with ALL, but there is still variation in the treatment that AYAs with ALL receive. Clinical trials focused on AYAs with ALL and individualized decision-making regarding choice of treatment facility and treatment protocol are needed to optimize the survival and long-term outcomes of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta K Janardan
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tamara P Miller
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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10
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Sijs-Szabo A, Dinmohamed AG, Versluis J, van der Holt B, Bellido M, Hazenberg MD, van Gelder M, Schaap NPM, Meijer E, van der Wagen LE, Halkes CJM, Rijneveld AW, Cornelissen JJ. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients >40 Years of Age With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Reduced Intensity Versus Myeloablative Conditioning. Transplantation 2023; 107:2561-2567. [PMID: 37389645 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome in older patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains unsatisfactory due to high relapse and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rates. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) as postremission therapy has an important role in reducing relapse rate, albeit its application is limited in older adult patients due to alloHSCT-related morbidity and mortality. Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) alloHSCT has been developed as a less toxic conditioning regimen, but comparative studies with myeloablative conditioning (MAC) are limited in patients with ALL. METHODS In this retrospective study, RIC-alloHSCT (n = 111) was compared with MAC-alloHSCT (n = 77) in patients aged 41 to 65 y with ALL in first complete remission. MAC was predominantly applied by combining high-dose total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide, whereas RIC mainly consisted of fludarabine and 2 Gy total body irradiation. RESULTS Unadjusted overall survival was 54% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42%-65%) at 5 y in MAC recipients compared with 39% (95% CI, 29%-49%) in RIC recipients. Overall survival and relapse-free survival were not significantly associated with type of conditioning after adjusted for the covariates age, leukemia risk status at diagnosis, donor type, and donor and recipient gender combination. NRM was significantly lower after RIC (subdistribution hazard ratio: 0.41, 95% CI, 0.22-0.78; P = 0.006), whereas relapse was significantly higher (subdistribution hazard ratio: 3.04, 95% CI, 1.71-5.40; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, RIC-alloHSCT has resulted in less NRM, but it was also found to be associated with a significantly higher relapse rate. These results suggest that MAC-alloHSCT may provide a more effective type of consolidation therapy for the reduction of relapse and that RIC-alloHSCT may be restricted to patients at higher risk for NRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Sijs-Szabo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Avinash G Dinmohamed
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Versluis
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bronno van der Holt
- Department of Hematology, HOVON Data Center, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mar Bellido
- Department of Hematology, Rijksuniversity Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Gelder
- Department of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Meijer
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anita W Rijneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J Cornelissen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Kwon CS, Lee JE, Jeon BE, Woo YR, Kim YS, Kim JW, Park CJ, Jang SY, Kim SW. Anti-Leukemic Effects of Idesia polycarpa Maxim Branch on Human B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4035-4049. [PMID: 37232726 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) have a high survival rate, yet the prognosis of adults and patients with relapsed/refractory disease is relatively poor. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new therapeutic strategies. Here, we screened 100 plant extracts from South Korean Flora and investigated their anti-leukemic effect using CCRF-SB cells as a B-ALL model. The top cytotoxic extract identified in this screening was the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. branch (IMB), which efficiently inhibited the survival and proliferation of CCRF-SB cells, while having minimal to no impact on normal murine bone marrow cells. Mechanistically, the IMB-induced proapoptotic effect involves the increase of caspase 3/7 activity, which was shown to be associated with the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) through the reduction in antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family expression. IMB also promoted the differentiation of CCRF-SB cells via the upregulation of the expression of differentiation-related genes, PAX5 and IKZF1. Given that resistance to glucocorticoid (GC) is often found in patients with relapsed/refractory ALL, we investigated whether IMB could restore GC sensitivity. IMB synergized GC to enhance apoptotic rate by increasing GC receptor expression and downmodulating mTOR and MAPK signals in CCRF-SB B-ALL cells. These results suggest that IMB has the potential to be a novel candidate for the treatment of B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Seong Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol-Eun Jeon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Rin Woo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Jin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yun Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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12
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Grain A, Rialland-Battisti F, Chevallier P, Blin N, Dalle JH, Michel G, Dhédin N, Peffault de Latour R, Pochon C, Yakoub-Agha I, Bertrand Y, Sirvent A, Jubert C, Forcade E, Berceanu A, Gandemer V, Schneider P, Bay JO, Rohrlich PS, Brissot E, Paillard C, Plantaz D, Nguyen Quoc S, Gonzales F, Maillard N, Planche L, Baruchel A. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: why do adolescents and young adults outcomes differ from those of children? A retrospective study on behalf of the Francophone Society of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1473-1483. [PMID: 35507103 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) landscape, adolescents and young adults (AYA) often present high-risk diseases and increased chemotherapy-related toxicity. Studies analyzing the outcomes of AYA after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are scarce. Our study aimed to compare the outcomes of children and AYA with ALL after HSCT and to determine the factors influencing potential differences. METHOD 891 patients, from the SFGM-TC registry, aged between 1 and 25 years who received HSCT between 2005 and 2012 were included. The outcomes of AYA were compared to the ones of their younger counterparts. RESULTS Five-year OS and GRFS were lower in AYA: 53.1% versus 64% and 36% versus 47% (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.007, respectively). WhileCIR was similar in both groups, 5 year-treatment related mortality was higher in AYA: 19% versus 13% (p = 0.04). The lower GRFS in AYA was mainly explained by a higher chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD) incidence: 32% versus 19% (p < 0.001). Use of peripheral blood stem cells and use of anti-thymoglobulin appeared to be the main factors impacting cGvHD occurrence in AYA. CONCLUSION AYA have worse outcomes than children after HSCT for ALL because of a greater risk of TRM due to cGvHD. HSCT practices should be questioned in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Grain
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, CHU Hopital Mère-Enfant, Nantes, France.
| | | | | | - Nicolas Blin
- Hematology Department, CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Dalle
- Robert Debré University Hospital (APHP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Michel
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and EA3279, Timone Children Hospital and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Dhédin
- AYA Unit, Clinical Hematology Departments, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Cécile Pochon
- Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Yves Bertrand
- Institut of Hematology and Pediatric Oncology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Sirvent
- Department of Clinical Haematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Jubert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edouard Forcade
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana Berceanu
- Department of Hematology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Virginie Gandemer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Schneider
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Bay
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy CHU Estaing, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Eolia Brissot
- Department of Haematology, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Paillard
- Pediatric Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHRU, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Plantaz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Fanny Gonzales
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Lucie Planche
- Clinical Research Unit, CHD Vendée, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - André Baruchel
- Robert Debré University Hospital (APHP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
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13
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Yoon JH, Kim HS, Min GJ, Park SS, Park S, Lee SE, Cho BS, Eom KS, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Min CK, Cho SG, Lee JW, Kim M, Kim Y, Lee S. Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics and outcomes of adult patients with early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2023; 110:137-148. [PMID: 36217591 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is a recently identified high-risk subgroup of T-cell ALL in children. However, there have been conflicting reports and limited data have been reported in adult patients. We retrospectively analyzed the cytogenetic and molecular characteristics and long-term survival outcomes of adult patients with ETP-ALL versus non-ETP-ALL. We analyzed 58 patients (median age, 35 years [range, 18-76 years]) with newly diagnosed T-cell ALL who received a uniform remission induction and consolidation chemotherapy with suitable samples for genetic analyses. If a donor was available, all patients were recommended allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) for post-remission therapy. Out of 58 patients, 21 (36.2%) had ETP-ALL. Patients with ETP-ALL were older and had a higher proportion of complex karyotype than non-ETP-ALL. Additionally, more DNMT3A mutations were detected in ETP-ALL, whereas FBXW7 mutations and CDKN2A/CDKN2B deletions were found nearly exclusively in non-ETP-ALL. The overall complete remission (CR) rates were not different between ETP-ALL (95.2%) and non-ETP-ALL (81.1%) and subsequent allo-HCT proceeding rates in CR1 were 61.9% for ETP-ALL and 43.2% for non-ETP-ALL, respectively. The overall prognosis of patients with T-ALL was poor that estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) was 33.3% for ETP-ALL and 29.5% for non-ETP-ALL. In a subgroup analysis of patients treated with allo-HCT in CR1 (n = 29), 5-year OS was 53.8% for ETP-ALL and 55.4% for non-ETP-ALL. Our data showed molecular characteristics of ETP-ALL and non-ETP-ALL and revealed that intensive chemotherapy followed by allo-HCT for post-remission therapy can contribute to preserved survival outcome of adult patients with ETP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Yoon
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi June Min
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Park
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sik Cho
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seong Eom
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Lee
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Lee
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital and Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Hanbali A, Kotb A, Fakih RE, Alfraih F, Shihata N, Rasheed W, Ahmed SO, Shaheen M, Alhayli S, Alahmari A, Alotaibi A, Alshaibani A, Albabtain A, Alfayez M, Hassan M, Alsharif F, Chaudhri N, Almohareb F, Alzahrani H, Aljurf M. Improved survival of adolescents and young adults patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:IJH42. [PMID: 36874377 PMCID: PMC9979159 DOI: 10.2217/ijh-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The outcome of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has improved with the use of pediatric-inspired protocols in the adolescents and young adults (AYA) population. There is limited literature regarding the outcome of T-ALL/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) AYA patients treated with pediatric protocols. Methods A total of 35 T-ALL/LBL-AYA patients ages between 14 and 55 years were treated with AYA-15 protocol. Results At a median follow-up of 5 years the overall survival, disease-free survival and event-free survival are 71%, 62% and 49.6% respectively. Toxicities were within the expected range. Conclusion Our single-center experience real-world data in treating T-ALL/LBL-AYA patients with pediatric-inspired protocol demonstrates encouraging results of high survival rate and excellent tolerability for patients aged 18-55 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Hanbali
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kotb
- Department of Medicine, Hematology unit, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Riad El Fakih
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alfraih
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Shihata
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Rasheed
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Osman Ahmed
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Shaheen
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alhayli
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alahmari
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alotaibi
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfadel Alshaibani
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab Albabtain
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alfayez
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Hassan
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsharif
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Chaudhri
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Almohareb
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa Alzahrani
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- Division of Hematology, Stem cell transplantation & Cellular therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Mudd TW, Fox AD, Ghaly M, Keruakous A. Case report: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome secondary to PEG-asparaginase-induced hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1094964. [PMID: 36741726 PMCID: PMC9893891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1094964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pegylated (PEG)-asparaginase is an established treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemias that exhibits an antitumor effect by depleting asparagine, an amino acid essential for leukemia cell protein synthesis. Pancreatitis with hypertriglyceridemia is a well-established toxidrome associated with PEG-asparaginase. However, impaired pancreatic synthetic function and hormone release have rarely been reported as a result of PEG-asparaginase pancreatitis. In this report, we present a 22-year-old woman recently diagnosed with T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), who presented to the hospital with progressive weakness, confusion, blurry vision, hallucinations, and abdominal pain after induction treatment with daunorubicin, vincristine, PEG-asparaginase, and dexamethasone following the AYA protocol. She was found to have hypertriglyceridemia, acute pancreatitis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. While pancreatitis and hypertriglyceridemia are commonly reported side effects of PEG-asparaginase, HHS related to these conditions has been sparsely reported. Providers should maintain awareness of this association and consider routine serial glucose monitoring of patients receiving PEG-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Danielle Fox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mark Ghaly
- Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Amany Keruakous
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Amany Keruakous,
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Wolfson JA, Bhatia S, Bhatia R, Smith MW, Dai C, Campbell SB, Gunn DD, Mahoney AB, Croney CM, Hageman L, Francisco L, Kenzik KM. Using Teamwork to Bridge the Adolescent and Young Adult Gap. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:e150-e160. [PMID: 36215685 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals diagnosed with cancer age between 15 and 39 years (adolescents and young adults [AYAs]) have not seen improvement in survival compared with children or older adults; clinical trial accrual correlates with survival. Unique unmet needs among AYAs related to psychosocial support and fertility preservation (FP) are associated with health-related quality of life. METHODS We enhanced existing structures and leveraged faculty/staff across pediatric/adult oncology to create novel teams focused on AYA (age 15-39 years) care at a single center, with minimal dedicated staff and no change to revenue streams. We aimed to influence domains shown to drive survival and health-related quality of life: clinical trial enrollment, physician/staff collaboration, psychosocial support, and FP. We captured metrics 3 months after patients presented to the institution and compared them before/after Program implementation using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Among 139 AYAs (age 15-39 years) from the pre-Program era (January 2016-February 2019: adult, n = 79; pediatric, n = 60), and 279 from the post-Program era (February 2019-March 2022: adult, n = 215; pediatric, n = 64), there was no change in clinical trial enrollment(P ≥ .3), whereas there was an increase in the proportion of AYAs referred for supportive care and psychology (pediatric: P ≤ .02; adult: P ≤ .001); whose oncologists discussed FP (pediatric: 15% v 52%, P < .0001; adult: 37% v 50%, P = .0004); and undergoing FP consults (pediatric: 8% v39%, P < .0001; adult 23% v 38%, P = .02). CONCLUSION This team-based framework has effected change in most targeted domains. To affect all domains and design optimal interventions, it is crucial to understand patient-level and facility-level barriers/facilitators to FP and clinical trial enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wolfson
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark W Smith
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Chen Dai
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sukhkamal B Campbell
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Deidre D Gunn
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anne Byrd Mahoney
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Birmingham, AL
| | - Christina M Croney
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lindsey Hageman
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Liton Francisco
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kelly M Kenzik
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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17
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Aldoss I, Pourhassan H, Douer D. SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | Asparaginase-Understanding and Overcoming Toxicities in Adults with ALL. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22:787-794. [PMID: 36114134 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of pediatric-inspired regimens in young adults with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has significantly improved their survival outcomes. Pediatric-inspired regimens in ALL rely profoundly on delivering adequate dosing of non-myelosuppressive drugs of which asparaginase, a bacterial derived agent, is a key component. Asparaginase therapy is associated with a spectrum of unique toxicities that are observed more frequently in adult patients compared to children with ALL, and this observation has contributed to the reluctance of adult oncologists to administer the drug to their patients. Understanding the breadth of asparaginase toxicity and the associated risk factors may help in preventing severe manifestations and allow safer treatment for adults with ALL. In this review, we will discuss the different formulations of asparaginase and the appropriate dosing in adults with ALL. We will further discuss the frequency and risk factors for individual toxicities of asparaginase along with strategies for their prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Douer
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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18
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Shenoy R, Panda G, Bonda VNA, Sengar M, Thorat J, Jain H. Feasibility of Delivering High-Dose Methotrexate in Adolescent and Adult All Patients: A Retrospective Study. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2022; 38:638-642. [PMID: 36258731 PMCID: PMC9569244 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction HD-MTX is a key drug in the treatment protocols for ALL. The regimen needs to be administered with appropriate supportive measures and serum methotrexate level monitoring. A limited testing strategy is relevant in resource constraint settings since it allows a shorter duration of hospitalization. We report our experience with this strategy and its impact on the patient safety outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective study of all patients ≥ 15 years of age with newly diagnosed ALL or Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) who were administered HDMTX (part of BFM-90 ALL protocol) at our institute between March 2013 to November 2013.The medical records were reviewed for clinical characteristics, disease-related details, HDMTX dose and cycles administered, leucovorin rescue and toxicities. Results A total of 423 cycles of HD-MTX were administered to 106 patients during the study period. The median duration for completion of all 4 cycles of HDMTX was 53 (IQR 49-60) days. The grade 3 or higher toxicities were anemia in 9.6%, neutropenia 19.4%, febrile neutropenia 5.7%, thrombocytopenia 4.4% and mucositis in 0.7%. There was statistically significant correlation between the levels at 42 h (≤ 1 mmol/L vs > 1 mmol/L) and toxicity- anemia, FN and mucositis observed more in the late clearance group. With limited sampling strategy whereby if the 42- hour level MTX level are < 1 mmol/L, 57% of patients could be discharged early. Conclusion HD-MTX can be safely administered to adolescent and adult ALL patients. A limited methotrexate level monitoring is a safe strategy that can optimize the resources better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramnath Shenoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National University, E Borges Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012 India
| | - Goutam Panda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National University, E Borges Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012 India
| | - V. N. Avinash Bonda
- Adult Hematolymphoid Unit, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National University, E Borges Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012 India
| | - Manju Sengar
- Adult Hematolymphoid Unit, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National University, E Borges Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012 India
| | - Jayashree Thorat
- Adult Hematolymphoid Unit, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National University, E Borges Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012 India
| | - Hasmukh Jain
- Adult Hematolymphoid Unit, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National University, E Borges Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012 India
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19
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Miller KD, Nogueira L, Devasia T, Mariotto AB, Yabroff KR, Jemal A, Kramer J, Siegel RL. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin 2022; 72:409-436. [PMID: 35736631 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 946] [Impact Index Per Article: 473.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer survivors continues to increase in the United States due to the growth and aging of the population as well as advances in early detection and treatment. To assist the public health community in better serving these individuals, the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute collaborate triennially to estimate cancer prevalence in the United States using incidence and survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries, vital statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, and population projections from the US Census Bureau. Current treatment patterns based on information in the National Cancer Database are presented for the most prevalent cancer types by race, and cancer-related and treatment-related side-effects are also briefly described. More than 18 million Americans (8.3 million males and 9.7 million females) with a history of cancer were alive on January 1, 2022. The 3 most prevalent cancers are prostate (3,523,230), melanoma of the skin (760,640), and colon and rectum (726,450) among males and breast (4,055,770), uterine corpus (891,560), and thyroid (823,800) among females. More than one-half (53%) of survivors were diagnosed within the past 10 years, and two-thirds (67%) were aged 65 years or older. One of the largest racial disparities in treatment is for rectal cancer, for which 41% of Black patients with stage I disease receive proctectomy or proctocolectomy compared to 66% of White patients. Surgical receipt is also substantially lower among Black patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 49% for stages I-II and 16% for stage III versus 55% and 22% for White patients, respectively. These treatment disparities are exacerbated by the fact that Black patients continue to be less likely to be diagnosed with stage I disease than White patients for most cancers, with some of the largest disparities for female breast (53% vs 68%) and endometrial (59% vs 73%). Although there are a growing number of tools that can assist patients, caregivers, and clinicians in navigating the various phases of cancer survivorship, further evidence-based strategies and equitable access to available resources are needed to mitigate disparities for communities of color and optimize care for people with a history of cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:409-436.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Nogueira
- Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theresa Devasia
- Data Analytics Branch, Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela B Mariotto
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joan Kramer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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20
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Marec-Berard P, Lervat C, Riberon C, Laurence V. Go-AJA : dix ans au profit des adolescents et jeunes adultes atteints de cancers. Bull Cancer 2022; 109:985-987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Improvements in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes for adults with ALL over the past 3 decades. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4558-4569. [PMID: 35737870 PMCID: PMC9636313 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a promising treatment for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), an intractable hematological malignancy. The trends in allo-HCT outcomes over the past 30 years were examined to verify the efficacy of evolving treatment methods and to identify further challenges. We analyzed data from a registry database that included 8467 adult ALL patients who underwent their first allo-HCT between 1990 and 2019. The period was divided into three 10-year intervals for analysis. Five-year overall survival improved from 48.2% to 70.2% in the first complete remission (CR1), from 25.6% to 44.1% in subsequent CR, and from 10.0% to 22.7% in non-CR. Nonrelapse mortality improved over the 3 decades in each disease stage. However, the relapse rate only improved in CR1 every decade (26.3% to 15.9% in CR1, 33.4% to 32.8% in subsequent CR, and 53.6% to 54.8% in non-CR). Although there were continual improvements in adjusted survival for Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive patients, the improvement was inadequate for Ph− patients with t(4;11), t(8;14), t(14;18), or hypodiploidy. Allo-HCT outcomes for adults with ALL have improved over the past 30 years. Improved outcomes in the future will require more effective prevention of relapse in patients with ALL not in CR1 and in those with high-risk chromosomal abnormalities.
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22
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Jain H, Rajendra A, Sengar M, Goli VB, Thorat J, Muthuluri H, Tongaonkar AH, Kota KK, Gupta H, Sharma N, Eipe T, Mehta H. The current treatment approach to adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (AYA-ALL): challenges and considerations. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:845-860. [PMID: 35734814 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2093718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AYA-ALL differs from pediatric ALL in terms of clinical, biological, psychosocial factors and access to care and has an inferior outcome. It is now being recognized that pediatric-inspired protocols are superior to adult protocols for this cohort, but given the lack of randomized trials, several questions remain unanswered. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss how AYA-ALL is different from the pediatric ALL population, compare AYA ALL with ALL in middle and older age adults, review the studies that have enrolled the AYA cohort, summarize risk-stratified and response-adapted approaches, describe the biological subtypes, and review the novel agents/approaches under evaluation. EXPERT OPINION AYA-ALL is a complex and challenging disease that needs multidisciplinary and focused care. Well-designed clinical trials that focus on this cohort are needed to further improve the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmukh Jain
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akhil Rajendra
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manju Sengar
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasu Babu Goli
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Himanshi Gupta
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Thomas Eipe
- Gloria, PRRA-143, Pallissery road, Palarivattom, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Hiral Mehta
- A/31, 65-D, Bafna Courts, West Ponnurangam Road, RS Puram, Coimbatore, India
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23
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van der Linde M, van Leeuwen N, Eijkenaar F, Rijneveld AW, Pieters R, Karim-Kos HE. Effect of Treatment in a Specialized Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Setting on 5-Year Survival in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102451. [PMID: 35626054 PMCID: PMC9139555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a worse prognosis than children. In addition to differences in biology—such as higher incidence of unfavorable genetic alterations in the AYA population—this might be related to the fact that ALL patients under a certain age (often 18 years) are generally treated in special pediatric hemato-oncology settings, which is associated with improved survival, while patients above that age are treated in adult hemato-oncology care settings. Based on previous research, adult treatment settings have increasingly adopted pediatric-inspired protocols, which appear to have led to increased survival of adolescent ALL patients. This study aims to assess whether there remains an effect of treatment of ALL patients in a specialized pediatric hemato-oncology setting on 5-year survival. This study provides insight into the effects of such treatment for ALL patients, and may stimulate further research into causal relationships in other oncological conditions. Abstract Survival rates of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are inferior to those of pediatric ALL patients. In part, this may be caused by differences in treatment setting. Generally, children are treated in specialized pediatric hemato-oncology settings, whereas AYAs are treated in adult hemato-oncology settings. Since 2005, adult treatment protocols have included pediatric-inspired chemotherapy, which has been the standard of care for AYAs from 2008 onwards. This study aims to assess whether, despite protocols in both settings having become more similar, there remains an effect of treatment in specialized pediatric hemato-oncology settings on 5-year survival for ALL patients in the Netherlands. We used nationwide registry data (2004–2013) on 472 ALL patients aged between 10 and 30 years old. A fuzzy regression discontinuity design was applied to estimate the treatment effect using two-stage least squares regression with the treatment threshold at 17 years and 7 months of age, adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, and immunophenotype. We found a risk difference of 0.419 (p = 0.092; 95% CI = −0.0686; 0.907), meaning a 41.9 percentage point greater probability of surviving five years after diagnosis for ALL patients treated in specialized pediatric hemato-oncology settings. Our results suggest that ALL patients around the threshold could benefit from increased collaboration between pediatric and adult hemato-oncology in terms of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrietha van der Linde
- Department of Public Health, Center for Medical Decision Making, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikki van Leeuwen
- Department of Public Health, Center for Medical Decision Making, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Frank Eijkenaar
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Anita W. Rijneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.P.); (H.E.K.-K.)
- University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike E. Karim-Kos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.P.); (H.E.K.-K.)
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), 3511 DT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Heraudet L, Galtier J, Favre S, Peyraud F, Cazaubiel T, Leroy H, Mottal N, Gros FX, Forcade E, Clément L, Dumas PY, Pigneux A, Leguay T. VANDA regimen followed by blinatumomab leads to favourable outcome in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in first relapse. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:523-527. [PMID: 35524489 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adults with relapsed or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (R/R BCP-ALL) have very poor outcome. Blinatumomab as single agent has shown activity in R/R BCP-ALL. We aimed to assess the activity of blinatumomab in concomitant association with intensive chemotherapy. Seventeen patients with R/R BCP-ALL were treated with combination of blinatumomab and VANDA (etoposide, cytarabine, mitoxantrone, dexamethasone and asparaginase) regimen. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 14/17 patient (82%) and 11/17 (65%) were transplanted. One-year leukaemia-free survival was 58.8% for the whole cohort and 90.9% for transplanted patients. These preliminary data suggest that the VANDA-blinatumomab salvage regimen leads to a very high rate of CR and HSCT in suitable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Heraudet
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Galtier
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Simon Favre
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Peyraud
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Titouan Cazaubiel
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Harmony Leroy
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathan Mottal
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - François-Xavier Gros
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edouard Forcade
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Clément
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Dumas
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arnaud Pigneux
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thibaut Leguay
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
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25
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Juluri KR, Siu C, Cassaday RD. Asparaginase in the Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults: Current Evidence and Place in Therapy. Blood Lymphat Cancer 2022; 12:55-79. [PMID: 35669980 PMCID: PMC9166408 DOI: 10.2147/blctt.s342052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare hematologic malignancy resulting in the production of abnormal lymphoid precursor cells. Occurring in B-cell and T-cell subtypes, ALL is more common in children, comprising nearly 30% of pediatric malignancies, but also constitutes 1% of adult cancer diagnoses. Outcomes are age-dependent, with five-year overall survival of greater than 90% in children and less than 20% in older adults. L-asparaginase, an enzyme not found in humans, depletes serum levels of L-asparagine. As leukemic cells are unable to synthesize this amino acid, its deprivation results in cell death. The success of asparaginase-containing regimens in the treatment of pediatric ALL, and poor outcomes with conventional cytotoxic regimens in adults, have led to trials of pediatric or pediatric-inspired regimens incorporating asparaginase in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) and adult populations. Initially purified from Escherichia coli, newer formulations of asparaginase have been developed to address short half-life, high immunogenic potential, and manufacturing difficulties. Unfamiliarity with asparaginase use and management of its unique toxicities may result in treatment-decisions that negatively impact outcomes. In this review, we address the current use of asparaginase in the treatment of ALL, with an emphasis on its role in the treatment of adults, key clinical trials, recognition and management of toxicities, and ongoing directions of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna R Juluri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chloe Siu
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan D Cassaday
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
- Correspondence: Ryan D Cassaday, Email
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26
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Mortazavi M, Baxter NN, Gupta S, Gupta AA, Lau C, Nagamuthu C, Nathan PC. Impact of locus of care on outcomes in adolescents and young adults with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma treated at pediatric versus adult cancer centers: An IMPACT cohort study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29458. [PMID: 35029312 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Location of cancer care (LOC; pediatric vs. adult center) impacts outcomes in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with some cancer types. Data on the impact of LOC on survival in AYA with osteosarcoma (OSS) and Ewing sarcoma (EWS) are limited OBJECTIVES: To compare differences in demographics, disease/treatment characteristics, and survival in a population-based cohort of AYA with OSS or EWS treated at pediatric versus adult centers METHODS: The Initiative to Maximize Progress in Adolescent Cancer Therapy (IMPACT) cohort captured demographic, disease, and treatment data for all AYA (15-21 years old) diagnosed with OSS and EWS in Ontario, Canada between 1992 and 2012. Patients were linked to provincial administrative health care databases. Outcomes were compared between patients treated in pediatric versus adult centers. RESULTS One hundred thirty-seven AYA were diagnosed with OSS (LOC: 47 pediatric, 90 adult) and 84 with EWS (38 pediatric, 46 adult). AYA treated at pediatric centers were more likely to be enrolled in a clinical trial (OSS 55% vs. 1%, p < .001; EWS 53% vs. 2%, p < .001) and received higher cumulative chemotherapy doses. Five-year event-free survival (EFS ± standard error) in OSS and EWS were 47% ± 4% and 43% ± 5%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, the impact of LOC (pediatric vs. adult center) on EFS in OSS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58-2.27, p = .69) and EWS (adjusted HR 1.82, 95% CI: 0.97-3.43, p = .06) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Despite disparities in trial participation and chemotherapy doses, outcomes did not differ by LOC suggesting that AYA with bone tumors can be treated at either pediatric or adult centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Mortazavi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy N Baxter
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abha A Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cindy Lau
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Valtis YK, Place AE, Silverman LB, Vrooman LM, DeAngelo DJ, Luskin MR. Orthopaedic adverse events among adolescents and adults treated with asparaginase for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:421-430. [PMID: 35312041 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis (ON) is a complication of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment with patient- (age, female sex, genetic polymorphisms, presence of metabolic syndrome) and treatment-specific (glucocorticoid type and schedule) risk factors described. The potential role of asparaginase in increasing risk of ON via effects on coagulation, lipid metabolism, and steroid clearance is now also recognised. Paediatric studies consistently identify age as a key risk factor for ON, with adolescents at higher risk than young children. Fewer studies comprehensively report on risk of ON in adults, but available evidence suggests that adolescents and young adults (AYAs) treated with corticosteroid and asparaginase-containing paediatric-inspired regimens are more at risk than older adults treated with paediatric-inspired or traditional adult regimens. There are few proven strategies to prevent or mitigate the severity of ON and other orthopaedic complications of ALL therapy. Future clinical trials should carefully ascertain orthopaedic adverse events in adults. Evidence-based guidelines should be developed for management of orthopaedic adverse events in adults being treated for ALL, especially high-risk AYAs being treated with paediatric-inspired regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis K Valtis
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew E Place
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lewis B Silverman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynda M Vrooman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marlise R Luskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Grunenberg A, Sala E, Kapp-Schwoerer S, Viardot A. Pharmacotherapeutic management of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: an update of the literature. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:561-571. [PMID: 35193450 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2033725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a rare but potentially life-threatening heterogeneous hematologic malignancy that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment by hematologists. So far, therapeutic advances have been achieved in the management of this disease mainly by adopting pediatric-like regimens, and cure rates are significantly worse than in childhood. In T-ALL, less than 70% of adults achieve long-term survival. The prognosis after relapse is still very poor. Hence, there is urgent need to improve therapy of T-ALL by testing new compounds and combinations for the treatment of this disease. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive update on the most recent treatment approaches in adults with de novo and relapsed/refractory adult T-ALL. EXPERT OPINION Intensifying chemotherapy may reduce the incidence of recurrent disease in adult patients, but it has not come without a cost. Novel agents with selective T-ALL activity (e.g. nelarabine) may improve survival in some patient subsets. Due to modern genomic and transcriptomic techniques, various novel potential targets might change the treatment landscape in the next few years and will, hopefully alongside with cellular therapies, augment the therapeutic armamentarium in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Sala
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Viardot
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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29
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Haroon A, Alfraih F, Hanbali A, Kotb A, Somali ZA, Bahkali FN, Alhayli S, Madien HM, Ahmed SO, Albabtain AA, Shaheen M, Chaudhri N, Alsharif F, Alshaibani A, Alotaibi AS, Elhassan T, Almohareb F, Alahmari A, Rasheed W, Alzahrani H, Aljurf M, El Fakih R. Allogeneic transplant compared to pediatric-inspired therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-negative adolescent and adult ALL in first complete remission. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:593-597. [PMID: 35110691 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric-inspired non-transplant regimens for adolescent and adult ALL patients are becoming standard in many institutions. We aimed to compare a cohort of patients receiving a pediatric-inspired protocol to a cohort of patients treated with adult type ALL therapy followed by allografting after achieving CR1. METHOD Eighty-five adolescent and adult ALL patients treated with CALGB 19802 protocol who received MSD transplant in CR1 were retrospectively compared to a matched cohort of 72 adolescent and adult ALL patients treated with a modified version of Children's Cancer Group (CCG) 1900 protocol. RESULTS The five years OS in the allo-HCT cohort was 63.1% compared to 80.2% in the pediatric-inspired chemotherapy arm (P = 0.03). The five years EFS in the allo-HCT arm was 58.8% compared to 61.6% in the pediatric-inspired chemotherapy arm (P = 0.07). The five years DFS in the allo-HCT arm was 58.8% as compared to 71.9% in the pediatric-inspired chemotherapy arm (P = 0.07). The relapse rate in the allo-HCT cohort was 30.58% compared to 21.68% in the pediatric-inspired chemotherapy arm (P = 0.16). The NRM in the allo-HCT cohort was 10.59 as compared to 6.45 in the pediatric-inspired chemotherapy arm (P = 0.3). CONCLUSION For adolescent and adult patients with Ph-negative ALL, pediatric-inspired chemotherapy resulted in higher OS compared to allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfadil Haroon
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alfraih
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Hanbali
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kotb
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Hematology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Zakiah Al Somali
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad N Bahkali
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alhayli
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Mahmoud Madien
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Osman Ahmed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Marwan Shaheen
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Chaudhri
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsharif
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfadel Alshaibani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Alotaibi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tusneem Elhassan
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Almohareb
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alahmari
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Rasheed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa Alzahrani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riad El Fakih
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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30
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Schulpen M, Goemans BF, Kaspers GJL, Raaijmakers MHGP, Zwaan CM, Karim-Kos HE. Increased survival disparities among children and adolescents & young adults with acute myeloid leukemia: A Dutch population-based study. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1101-1112. [PMID: 34913161 PMCID: PMC9299619 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For many cancers, adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have a poorer prognosis than pediatric patients. Our study evaluates survival outcomes of children (0‐17 years) and AYAs (18‐39 years) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the Netherlands between 1990 and 2015 (N = 2058) utilizing the population‐based Netherlands Cancer Registry, which includes information on therapy and site of primary treatment. Five‐ and 10‐year relative (disease‐specific) survival were estimated for all patients, children and AYAs. Multivariable analyses were performed using generalized linear models (excess mortality) and logistic regression (early mortality). AYAs with AML had a substantially lower 5‐ and 10‐year relative survival than children (5‐year: 43% vs 58%; 10‐year: 37% vs 51%). The gap in 5‐year relative survival was largest (nearly 20 percent‐points) in 2010 to 2015, despite survival improvements over time across all ages. The multivariable‐adjusted excess risk of dying was 60% higher in AYAs (95% CI: 37%‐86%). Early mortality (death within 30 days of diagnosis) declined over time, and did not differ between children and AYAs. In conclusion, AYAs diagnosed with AML in the Netherlands had a worse prognosis than pediatric patients. The survival gap seemed most pronounced in recent years, suggesting that improvements in care resulting in better outcome for children have not led to equal benefits for AYAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Schulpen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca F Goemans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Michel Zwaan
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike E Karim-Kos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Bleyer A. Important factors improving outcome of young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2021; 34:101322. [PMID: 34865694 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2021.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four categories of important factors improving outcome of young adults and older adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are biologic type, clinical trials, pediatric vs. adult treatment regimen, and psychosocial challenges. Overall, the outcome of ALL in the age group has improved and beginning to catch up with that in children, as exemplified by CALGB 10403, a pediatric treatment regimen. Each is dependent for optimum development, however, on progress in the others. Without adequate psychosocial support and improvement, progress in clinical trials, translational research, and pediatric regimen application is impaired. Without clinical trials, advances in translational research, optimal pediatric regimen application and adequate psychosocial research are restricted. Overall, we have improved the outcome and outlook of ALL in AYAs, as exemplified by CALGB 10403, but we and our current and future patients still have a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie Bleyer
- Oregon Health and Science University, 2884 NW Horizon Dr. Bend, 97703, Portland, OR, USA; University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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32
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Kumar GVN, Hoshitsuki K, Rathod S, Ramsey MJ, Kokai L, Kershaw EE, Xie W, Fernandez CA. Mechanistic studies of PEG-asparaginase-induced liver injury and hepatic steatosis in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3779-3790. [PMID: 35024306 PMCID: PMC8727916 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PEGylated-l-asparaginase (PEG-ASNase) is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Its use is avoided in adults due to its high risk of liver injury including hepatic steatosis, with obesity and older age considered risk factors of the injury. Our study aims to elucidate the mechanism of PEG-ASNase-induced liver injury. Mice received 1500 U/kg of PEG-ASNase and were sacrificed 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after drug administration. Liver triglycerides were quantified, and plasma bilirubin, ALT, AST, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. The mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid synthesis, β-oxidation, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, and white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis were determined. Mice developed hepatic steatosis after PEG-ASNase, which associated with increases in bilirubin, ALT, and AST. The hepatic genes Ppara, Lcad/Mcad, Hadhb, Apob100, and Mttp were upregulated, and Srebp-1c and Fas were downregulated after PEG-ASNase. Increased plasma NEFA, WAT loss, and adipose tissue lipolysis were also observed after PEG-ASNase. Furthermore, we found that PEG-ASNase-induced liver injury was exacerbated in obese and aged mice, consistent with clinical studies of ASNase-induced liver injury. Our data suggest that PEG-ASNase-induced liver injury is due to drug-induced lipolysis and lipid redistribution to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundala Venkata Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Keito Hoshitsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Manda J. Ramsey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lauren Kokai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Erin E. Kershaw
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christian A. Fernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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33
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Villanueva-Flores F, Zárate-Romero A, Torres AG, Huerta-Saquero A. Encapsulation of Asparaginase as a Promising Strategy to Improve In Vivo Drug Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1965. [PMID: 34834379 PMCID: PMC8625962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase (ASNase) is a widely applied chemotherapeutic drug that is used to treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL); however, immune responses and silent inactivation of the drug often limit its bioavailability. Many strategies have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks, including the development of improved formulations (biobetters), but only two of them are currently on the market. Nano- and micro-encapsulation are some of the most promising and novel approaches to enhance in vivo performance of ASNase, preventing the direct contact of the enzyme with the environment, protecting it from protease degradation, increasing the enzymes catalytic half-life, and in some cases, reducing immunogenicity. This review summarizes the strategies, particularly for ASNase nano- and micro-encapsulation, and their main findings, constraints, and current gaps in the state-of-the-art knowledge. The pros and cons of the use of different nanocarriers are discussed with the idea to ultimately provide safer and more effective treatments for patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villanueva-Flores
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (F.V.-F.); (A.Z.-R.)
| | - Andrés Zárate-Romero
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (F.V.-F.); (A.Z.-R.)
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
| | - Alejandro Huerta-Saquero
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (F.V.-F.); (A.Z.-R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
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34
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Burke MJ, Devidas M, Chen Z, Salzer WL, Raetz EA, Rabin KR, Heerema NA, Carroll AJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Borowitz MJ, Wood BL, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP, Loh ML, Larsen EC. Outcomes in adolescent and young adult patients (16 to 30 years) compared to younger patients treated for high-risk B-lymphoblastic leukemia: report from Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0232. Leukemia 2021; 36:648-655. [PMID: 34725453 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients 16-30 years old with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR-ALL) have inferior outcomes compared to younger HR-ALL patients. AALL0232 was a Phase 3 randomized Children's Oncology Group trial for newly diagnosed HR B-ALL (1-30 years). Between 2004 and 2011, 3154 patients enrolled with 3040 eligible and evaluable for induction. AYA patients comprised 20% of patients (16-21 years, n = 551; 22-30 years, n = 46). 5-year event-free survival and overall survival was 65.4 ± 2.2% and 77.4 ± 2.0% for AYA patients compared to 78.1 ± 0.9% and 87.3 ± 0.7% for younger patients (p < 0.0001). Five-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 18.5 ± 1.7% for AYA patients and 13.5 ± 0.7% for younger patients (p = 0.006), largely due to increased marrow relapses (14.0 ± 1.5% versus 9.1 ± 0.6%; p < 0.0001). Additionally, induction failure rate was higher in AYA (7.2 ± 1.1% versus 3.5 ± 0.4%; p < 0.001) and post-induction remission deaths were significantly higher in AYA (5.7 ± 1.0% versus 2.4 ± 0.3%; p < 0.0001). AALL0232 enrolled the largest number of AYA B-ALL patients to date, demonstrating significantly inferior survival and greater rates of treatment-related toxicities compared to younger patients. Although treatment intensification has improved outcomes in younger patients, they have not been associated with the same degree of improvement for older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Burke
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wanda L Salzer
- U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Raetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen R Rabin
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nyla A Heerema
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew J Carroll
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Michael J Borowitz
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brent L Wood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naomi J Winick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William L Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric C Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maine Children's Cancer Program, Scarborough, ME, USA
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35
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Collins CL, Peng J, Singh S, Hamilton AS, Freyer DR. Patterns of Cancer Care and Association with Survival among Younger Adolescents and Young Adults: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2105-2113. [PMID: 34479948 PMCID: PMC9306345 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Younger adolescents and young adults (AYA) may receive care from either adult or pediatric oncologists. We explored patterns of care in this population and whether survival is associated with provider type. METHODS Utilizing the California Cancer Registry, we examined a cohort of 9,993 AYAs diagnosed with cancer aged 15 to 24 years from 1999 to 2008. Provider type (adult/pediatric) was determined by individual physician identifiers. For provider type, multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, diagnosis, and stage. For observed survival, Cox proportional hazard models were additionally adjusted for provider type. ORs and HR with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined. RESULTS Most patients saw adult providers (87.3% overall; 72.7% aged 15-19 years). Patients with acute leukemia, sarcoma, and central nervous system (CNS) malignancies more often saw pediatric providers [OR (95% CI) adult versus pediatric 0.48 (0.39-0.59), 0.74 (0.60-0.92), 0.76 (0.60-0.96), respectively]; those with germ cell tumors and other cancers, including carcinomas, more often saw adult providers [2.26 (1.72-2.98), 1.79 (1.41-2.27), respectively]. In aggregate and for most cancers individually, there was no survival difference by provider type [overall HR (95% CI) 1.00 (0.86-1.18)]. Higher survival was associated with pediatric providers for CNS malignancies [1.63 (1.12-2.37)] and rhabdomyosarcoma [2.22 (1.03-4.76)], and with adult providers for non-Hodgkin lymphoma [0.61 (0.39-0.96)]. CONCLUSIONS Most AYAs 15 to 24 years old are treated by medical oncologists. In general, survival was not associated with provider type. IMPACT Current patterns of care for this population support increased collaboration between medical and pediatric oncology, including joint clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L. Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.,Corresponding Author: Chelsea L. Collins, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Coleman Pavilion, A1120, Loma Linda, CA 92350. Phone: 909–558–8626; Fax: 909–558–0479; E-mail:
| | - Jiahao Peng
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sharn Singh
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ann S. Hamilton
- Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program and Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David R. Freyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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36
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Hanbali A, Kotb A, Fakih RE, Alfraih F, Ahmed SO, Shaheen M, Alhayli S, Alahmari A, Alotaibi A, Alshaibani A, Riash MA, Deeba F, Asif M, Rasheed W, Alzahrani H, Alsharif F, Chaudhri N, Almohareb F, Aljurf M. Improved survival in adolescents and young adults (AYA) patients aged 14-55 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia using pediatric-inspired protocol - a retrospective analysis of a real-world experience in 79 of patients treated at a national tertiary care referral center. Leuk Res Rep 2021; 16:100270. [PMID: 34631407 PMCID: PMC8488255 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treating adolescents and young adults (AYA) patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using pediatric-inspired protocols have shown improvement in outcomes. Most data available in the literature of such protocols is derived from well-controlled clinical trials. This report aims to provide a real-world experience from using a pediatric-inspired protocol in ALL-AYA population in larger number of patients treated at a national tertiary care referral center. Methods Newly diagnosed Philadelphia negative ALL-AYA patients ages between 14 and 55 years of age were treated on an institutional protocol (AYA-15 protocol) adopted from a modified version of Children's Cancer Group (CCG) 1900 protocol. At the time of this publication, a total of 79 patients were treated using the AYA-15 protocol between 2015 and 2020). Event-free survival (FFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier methods. Results The median age at diagnosis was 18 years (14–51 years) with 63% male patients. Complete remission (CR) at day 28 of induction was achieved in 88.6% of which 73.4% were minimal residual disease (MRD) negative. At a median follow up of 5 years, EFS, DFS and OS were 57.5%, 69.2% and 75.8% respectively. Toxicities were within the expected range with infections and transaminitis being the most common adverse events. Conclusion Our single-center experience real-world data in treating AYA-ALL patients with pediatric-inspired protocol demonstrates encouraging results of high survival rate and excellent tolerability for patients aged 18–55 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Hanbali
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kotb
- Department of Medicine, Hematology unit, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Riad El Fakih
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alfraih
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saud Alhayli
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alahmari
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Walid Rasheed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Orthopedic Toxicities Among Adolescents and Young Adults Treated on DFCI ALL Consortium Trials. Blood Adv 2021; 6:72-81. [PMID: 34610104 PMCID: PMC8753211 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic toxicity was common in adolescent and young adult patients treated on DFCI Consortium ALL pediatric protocols. Younger age and exposure to pegaspargase were associated with higher risk of ON, and patients with ON had superior OS.
Adolescent and young adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have superior outcomes when treated on pediatric regimens. Pediatric ALL regimens rely heavily on corticosteroids and asparaginase and are known to increase the risk of osteonecrosis (ON) and fractures in children, particularly adolescents. Orthopedic toxicity among young adults treated on pediatric-inspired regimens is not well described. Here, we report the symptomatic orthopedic toxicities of patients aged 15 to 50 years treated on sequential Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium protocols. Among 367 patients with a median age of 23 years (range, 15-50 years; 68% aged <30 years), 60 patients were diagnosed with ON (5-year cumulative incidence, 17%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13-22), and 40 patients experienced fracture (5-year cumulative incidence, 12%; 95% CI, 8-15). Patients aged <30 years were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with ON (5-year cumulative incidence, 21% vs 8%; P = .004). Patients treated more recently on pegaspargase-based protocols were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with ON compared with those treated on earlier trials with native Escherichia coli asparaginase (5-year cumulative incidence, 24% vs 5%; P < .001). Of the 54 ON events for which adequate information was available, surgery was performed in 25 (46%). Patients with ON had superior overall survival (OS) compared with those without (multivariable OS hazard ratio, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.46; P = .001; ON included as a time-varying exposure). Increased rates of orthopedic toxicity in late-generation protocols may be driven by the pharmacokinetic drug interaction between pegaspargase and dexamethasone, leading to higher dexamethasone exposure.
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Gupta S, Alexander S, Pole JD, Sutradhar R, Crump M, Nagamuthu C, Baxter NN, Nathan PC. Superior outcomes with paediatric protocols in adolescents and young adults with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:743-752. [PMID: 34599525 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Survival disparities by locus of care (LOC; paediatric versus adult) among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are well documented. Whether similar disparities exist among AYA with aggressive mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) is unknown. We identified all Ontario, Canada AYA aged 15-21 years at diagnosis of B-NHL between 1992 and 2012. Demographic, disease, treatment and outcome data were chart abstracted. The impact of LOC on event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined, adjusted for patient and disease covariates. Among 176 AYA with B-NHL, 62 (35·2%) received therapy at paediatric centres. The 5-year EFS and OS [± standard error (SE)] for the overall cohort were 72·2 [3·4]% and 76·1 [3·2]% respectively. Both EFS and OS were superior among paediatric centre AYA [EFS (± SE) 82·2 (4·9)% vs. 66·7 (4·4)%, P = 0·02; OS 85·5 (4·5)% vs. 71·1 (4·3)%, P = 0·03]. Adjusted for histology, stage and time period, adult centre AYA had inferior EFS [hazard ratio (HR) 2·4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1-4·9, P = 0·02] and OS (HR 2·5, 95% CI 1·1-5·7, P = 0·03). Sensitivity analyses restricted to the latest time period, when most adult centre AYA received rituximab, demonstrated similar disparities. Similar to AYA with ALL, AYA with B-NHL may benefit from being treated with paediatric protocols. Studies prospectively validating these results are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gupta
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason D Pole
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Center for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Crump
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nancy N Baxter
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Brown PA, Shah B, Advani A, Aoun P, Boyer MW, Burke PW, DeAngelo DJ, Dinner S, Fathi AT, Gauthier J, Jain N, Kirby S, Liedtke M, Litzow M, Logan A, Luger S, Maness LJ, Massaro S, Mattison RJ, May W, Oluwole O, Park J, Przespolewski A, Rangaraju S, Rubnitz JE, Uy GL, Vusirikala M, Wieduwilt M, Lynn B, Berardi RA, Freedman-Cass DA, Campbell M. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 19:1079-1109. [PMID: 34551384 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The NCCN Guidelines for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) focus on the classification of ALL subtypes based on immunophenotype and cytogenetic/molecular markers; risk assessment and stratification for risk-adapted therapy; treatment strategies for Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive and Ph-negative ALL for both adolescent and young adult and adult patients; and supportive care considerations. Given the complexity of ALL treatment regimens and the required supportive care measures, the NCCN ALL Panel recommends that patients be treated at a specialized cancer center with expertise in the management of ALL This portion of the Guidelines focuses on the management of Ph-positive and Ph-negative ALL in adolescents and young adults, and management in relapsed settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Brown
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
| | | | - Anjali Advani
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute
| | | | | | | | | | - Shira Dinner
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University
| | | | - Jordan Gauthier
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance
| | - Nitin Jain
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Aaron Logan
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Selina Luger
- Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jae Park
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Jeffrey E Rubnitz
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - Geoffrey L Uy
- Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Beth Lynn
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network
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Bortezomib and rituximab in de novo adolescent/adult CD20-positive, Ph-negative pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3436-3444. [PMID: 34461632 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of CD20 in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is associated with poor outcomes. The addition of rituximab to intensive chemotherapy in CD20+ ALL has led to improved outcomes in several studies. However, there is no clear evidence regarding the optimal number of doses and its benefit without an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Achieving measurable residual disease (MRD)-negative status postinduction would reduce the requirement for a transplant. Novel approaches are needed to induce a higher proportion of MRD-negative complete remission in patients with high-risk ALL. Given bortezomib's activity in relapsed ALL and its synergism with rituximab in B-cell lymphomas, the addition of bortezomib to rituximab and chemotherapy may provide an incremental benefit in CD20+ precursor B-ALL. We conducted a phase 2 study to test the activity of bortezomib and rituximab in combination with a pediatric-inspired regimen during induction therapy in newly diagnosed adolescents and adults (aged >14 years) with CD20+, Philadelphia-negative precursor B-ALL; bone marrow MRD negativity at the end of induction was the primary end point. From December 2017 through August 2019, a total of 35 patients were enrolled. End-of-induction MRD-negative status was achieved in 70.9% of patients, as opposed to 51.7% in the historical cohort treated with chemotherapy alone. MRD-negative rates improved to 87.5% post-consolidation. At a median follow-up of 21 months, event-free survival and overall survival rates were 78.8% (95% confidence interval, 66-94) and 78.7% (95% confidence interval, 65.8-94), respectively. There was no significant increase in toxicity with bortezomib and rituximab compared with the historical cohort. The incidence of neuropathy was 26% (all less than grade 3). The combination of bortezomib, rituximab, and a pediatric-inspired ALL regimen was active and well tolerated in de novo CD20+ Philadelphia-negative precursor B-ALL. This trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India as CTRI/2017/04/008393(http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials).
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41
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Why Do Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Fare Better Than Adults? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153886. [PMID: 34359787 PMCID: PMC8345615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a new and exciting time for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). While nearly 50 years ago, only one in nine children with ALL survived with chemotherapy, nowadays nearly 90% of children have a chance of long-term survival. Adults with ALL, as well as the special category of adolescents and young adult (AYA) patients, are catching up with the new developments seen in children, but still their prognosis is much worse. A plethora of factors are regarded as responsible for the differences in treatment response, such as age, ethnicity, disease biology, treatment regimens and toxicities, drug tolerance and resistance, minimal residual disease evaluation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation timing and socio-economic factors. Taking these factors into account, bringing pediatric-like protocols to adult patient management and incorporating new agents into frontline treatment could be the key to improve the survival rates in adults and AYA.
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Geyer MB, Ritchie EK, Rao AV, Vemuri S, Flynn J, Hsu M, Devlin SM, Roshal M, Gao Q, Shukla M, Salcedo JM, Maslak P, Tallman MS, Douer D, Park JH. Pediatric-inspired chemotherapy incorporating pegaspargase is safe and results in high rates of minimal residual disease negativity in adults up to age 60 with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 106:2086-2094. [PMID: 33054114 PMCID: PMC8327717 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.251686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of pediatric-inspired chemotherapy to adults up to age 60 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is challenging in part due to toxicities of asparaginase as well as myelosuppression. We conducted a multi-center phase II clinical trial (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT01920737) investigating a pediatric-inspired regimen, based on the augmented arm of the Children’s Cancer Group 1882 protocol, incorporating six doses of pegaspargase 2,000 IU/m2, rationally synchronized to avoid overlapping toxicity with other agents. We treated 39 adults aged 20-60 years (median age 38 years) with newly-diagnosed ALL (n=31) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (n=8). Grade 3-4 hyperbilirubinemia occurred frequently and at higher rates in patients aged 40-60 years (n=18) versus 18-39 years (n=21) (44% vs. 10%, P=0.025). However, eight of nine patients rechallenged with pegaspargase did not experience recurrent grade 3-4 hyperbilirubinemia. Grade 3-4 hypertriglyceridemia and hypofibrinogenemia were common (each 59%). Asparaginase activity at 7 days post-infusion reflected levels associated with adequate asparagine depletion, even among those with antibodies to pegaspargase. Complete response (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery was observed post-induction in 38 of 39 (97%) patients. Among patients with ALL, rates of minimal residual disease negativity by multi-parameter flow cytometry were 33% and 83% following induction phase I and phase II, respectively. Event-free and overall survival at 3 years (67.8% and 76.4%) compare favorably to outcomes observed in other series. These results demonstrate pegaspargase can be administered in the context of intensive multi-agent chemotherapy to adults aged ≤60 years with manageable toxicity. This regimen may serve as an effective backbone into which novel agents may be incorporated in future frontline studies. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT01920737
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Geyer
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Center for Cell Engineering, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Ellen K Ritchie
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York
| | | | | | - Jessica Flynn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Meier Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Sean M Devlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Madhulika Shukla
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Jose M Salcedo
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Peter Maslak
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Dan Douer
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Jae H Park
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Center for Cell Engineering, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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43
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Outcome of young adult patients with very-high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with pediatric-type chemotherapy - a single institute experience. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:694-702. [PMID: 34340890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Adult patients of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with very high-risk (VHR) characteristics have an inferior outcome, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is usually performed. In contrast, VHR pediatric patients can be treated effectively with minimal residual disease (MRD)-guided pediatric protocols and HSCT are not always needed. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed young adult ALL VHR patients treated with the pediatric-type (TPOG-ALL-2002 VHR) regimen in our institute from 2008 to 2019 and compared the event-free survival (EFS) with patients treated with an adult-type regimen (Hyper-CVAD alternating with high dose methotrexate and cytarabine). RESULTS We identified 16 patients treated with the TPOG and 11 treated with the Hyper-CVAD regimen. Philadelphia chromosome-positive (n = 10) and T-cell immunophenotype (n = 11) are the most common VHR features. Compared with the Hyper-CVAD group, patients treated with the TPOG regimen showed a trend toward better EFS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.42 (p = 0.16). Compared with untransplanted patients, HSCT showed a positive trend in the Hyper-CVAD (HR 0.22, p = 0.12) but not in the TPOG group (p = 0.37). Untransplanted patients treated initially with the hyper-CVAD regimen had a significantly worse outcome than the TPOG regimen (HR 4.19, p < 0.05). In the TPOG group, patients with negative MRD at the end of consolidation had a significantly better outcome (HR 0.12, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Young adult VHR patients can be effectively treated with the TPOG-ALL-2002 protocol, and those who achieved MRD negativity before the end of consolidation have a good outcome without allogeneic HSCT.
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Zhang Q, Zhang CH, Wang ZD, Wang D. Efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy with daunorubicin or idarubicin in the treatment of an adult with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. TUMORI JOURNAL 2021; 108:182-188. [PMID: 34296648 DOI: 10.1177/03008916211032724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracyclines are dispensable components of chemotherapy of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). OBJECTIVE To analyze the efficacy and safety of induction with idarubicin (IDA) or liposoma daunorubicin (L-DNR) in treatment of adults with high-risk ALL (HR-ALL) (presence of mixed lineage leukemia gene [MLL] rearrangements, t[1;19], or prednisone poor response). METHODS Among 58 enrolled patients, 29 cases were defined as the IDA group and the other 29 patients were put into the L-DNR group. Both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated and overall response rate (ORR) was compared between the groups. RESULTS The L-DNR group's OS and PFS were insignificantly higher than in the IDA group (P=0.261 and P=0.247). Although not significantly different, the ORR of adults with HR-ALL receiving L-DNR regimens was also higher than in the IDA group (P=0.085). Comprehensive cytogenetic analysis revealed that patients harboring MLL rearrangement, E2A-PBX1, and P53 mutation had poorer prognosis than others. All 58 patients experienced hematologic response in this study; however, the length of hematologic response in the IDA group was significantly longer than in the L-DNR group (P=0.005). The incidence of bleeding and infection was without significant difference between the groups (both P>0.05). CONCLUSION L-DNR proved to be an effective drug within a multiagent approach, which shows a favorable overall profile, as well as similar adverse events when compared with IDA in HR-ALL. Patients with E2A-PBX1 are much more sensitive to L-DNR than IDA. Despite some progress made, outcomes in MLL rearrangement or P53 mutation carriers remain unsatisfactory, and intensive treatment will be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Publicity Section, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Chun-Hong Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Wang
- Department of ENT surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang University, Mudanjiang, China
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Outcomes and prognostic factors in adolescents and young adults with ALL treated with a modified BFM-90 protocol. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1178-1193. [PMID: 33635331 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of pediatrics-inspired protocols in adolescent and young adult (AYA) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) results in superior survival compared with the adult protocols. Pediatrics-inspired protocols carry an increased risk of toxicity and treatment-related mortality in low resource settings, which can offset the potential benefits. We studied the outcomes and prognostic factors in the treatment of AYA ALL with a pediatrics-inspired regimen. We retrieved data regarding demographics, investigations, treatment details, and toxicities from the electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with ALL in the 15- to 25-year-old age group who were initiated on a modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster 90 (BFM-90) protocol between January 2013 and December 2016 at the Tata Memorial Centre. A total of 349 patients in the 15- to 25-year-old age group were treated with a modified BFM-90 protocol. The use of this pediatrics-inspired protocol resulted in a 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of 59.4% and 61.8%, respectively. Only 15 patients underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Minimal residual disease (MRD) persistence postinduction emerged as the only factor predictive of poor outcomes. A modified BFM-90 protocol is an effective and safe regimen for AYA ALL with an OS and EFS comparable to the published literature.
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Tosi M, Spinelli O, Leoncin M, Cavagna R, Pavoni C, Lussana F, Intermesoli T, Frison L, Perali G, Carobolante F, Viero P, Skert C, Rambaldi A, Bassan R. MRD-Based Therapeutic Decisions in Genetically Defined Subsets of Adolescents and Young Adult Philadelphia-Negative ALL. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092108. [PMID: 33925541 PMCID: PMC8123823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), once a complete remission is achieved following induction chemotherapy, the study of submicroscopic minimal residual disease (MRD) represents a highly sensitive tool to assess the efficacy of early chemotherapy courses and predict outcome. Because of the significant therapeutic progress occurred in adolescent and young adult (AYA) ALL, the importance of MRD in this peculiar age setting has grown considerably, to refine individual prognostic scores within different genetic subsets and support specific risk and MRD-oriented programs. The evidence coming from the most recent MRD-based studies and the new therapeutic directions for AYA ALL are critically reviewed according to ALL subset and risk category. Abstract In many clinical studies published over the past 20 years, adolescents and young adults (AYA) with Philadelphia chromosome negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph− ALL) were considered as a rather homogeneous clinico-prognostic group of patients suitable to receive intensive pediatric-like regimens with an improved outcome compared with the use of traditional adult ALL protocols. The AYA group was defined in most studies by an age range of 18–40 years, with some exceptions (up to 45 years). The experience collected in pediatric ALL with the study of post-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) was rapidly duplicated in AYA ALL, making MRD a widely accepted key factor for risk stratification and risk-oriented therapy with or without allogeneic stem cell transplantation and experimental new drugs for patients with MRD detectable after highly intensive chemotherapy. This combined strategy has resulted in long-term survival rates of AYA patients of 60–80%. The present review examines the evidence for MRD-guided therapies in AYA’s Ph− ALL, provides a critical appraisal of current treatment pitfalls and illustrates the ways of achieving further therapeutic improvement according to the massive knowledge recently generated in the field of ALL biology and MRD/risk/subset-specific therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Tosi
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST), Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (M.T.); (O.S.); (R.C.); (C.P.); (F.L.); (T.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST), Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (M.T.); (O.S.); (R.C.); (C.P.); (F.L.); (T.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Matteo Leoncin
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ulss3 Serenissima, Ospedale dell’Angelo, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (M.L.); (L.F.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Roberta Cavagna
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST), Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (M.T.); (O.S.); (R.C.); (C.P.); (F.L.); (T.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Chiara Pavoni
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST), Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (M.T.); (O.S.); (R.C.); (C.P.); (F.L.); (T.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Federico Lussana
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST), Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (M.T.); (O.S.); (R.C.); (C.P.); (F.L.); (T.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Tamara Intermesoli
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST), Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (M.T.); (O.S.); (R.C.); (C.P.); (F.L.); (T.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Luca Frison
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ulss3 Serenissima, Ospedale dell’Angelo, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (M.L.); (L.F.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Giulia Perali
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ulss3 Serenissima, Ospedale dell’Angelo, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (M.L.); (L.F.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Francesca Carobolante
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ulss3 Serenissima, Ospedale dell’Angelo, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (M.L.); (L.F.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Piera Viero
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ulss3 Serenissima, Ospedale dell’Angelo, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (M.L.); (L.F.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristina Skert
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ulss3 Serenissima, Ospedale dell’Angelo, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (M.L.); (L.F.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST), Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (M.T.); (O.S.); (R.C.); (C.P.); (F.L.); (T.I.); (A.R.)
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Bassan
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ulss3 Serenissima, Ospedale dell’Angelo, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; (M.L.); (L.F.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (P.V.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-041-965-7362
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Bender C, Maese L, Carter-Febres M, Verma A. Clinical Utility of Pegaspargase in Children, Adolescents and Young Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Review. Blood Lymphat Cancer 2021; 11:25-40. [PMID: 33907490 PMCID: PMC8064615 DOI: 10.2147/blctt.s245210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogenous hematological malignancy representing 25% of all cancers in children less than 15 years of age. Significant improvements in survival and cure rates have been made over the past four decades in pediatric ALL treatment. Asparaginases, derived from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi, have become a critical component of ALL therapy since the 1960s. Asparaginases cause depletion of serum asparagine, leading to deprivation of this critical amino acid for protein synthesis, and hence limit survival of lymphoblasts. Pegaspargase, a conjugate of monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) and L-asparaginase, has become an integral component of pediatric upfront and relapsed ALL protocols due to its longer half-life and improved immunogenicity profile compared to native asparaginase preparations. Over the past two decades great strides have been made in outcomes for pediatric ALL due to risk stratification, incorporation of multiagent chemotherapy protocols, and central nervous system prophylaxis with pegaspargase having played an important role in this success. However, adolescents and young adults (AYA) with ALL when treated on contemporaneous trials using adult ALL regimens, continue to have poor outcomes. There is increasing realization of adapting pediatric trial regimens for treating AYAs, especially those incorporating higher intensity of chemotherapeutic agents with pegaspargase being one such agent. Dose or treatment-limiting toxicity is observed in 25-30% of patients, most notable being hypersensitivity reactions. Other toxicities include asparaginase-associated pancreatitis, thrombosis, liver dysfunction, osteonecrosis, and dyslipidemia. Discontinuation or subtherapeutic levels of asparaginase are associated with inferior disease-free survival leading to higher risk of relapse, and in cases of relapse, a higher risk for remission failure. This article provides an overview of available evidence for use of pegaspargase in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Bender
- Department of Pharmacy, Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Luke Maese
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maria Carter-Febres
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anupam Verma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Superior survival with pediatric-style chemotherapy compared to myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in older adolescents and young adults with Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission: analysis from CALGB 10403 and the CIBMTR. Leukemia 2021; 35:2076-2085. [PMID: 33785862 PMCID: PMC8257494 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Optimal post-remission therapy for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) is not established. We compared overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), relapse, and non-relapse mortality (NRM) for patients receiving post-remission therapy on CALGB 10403 to a cohort undergoing myeloablative (MA) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in CR1. In univariate analysis, OS was superior with chemotherapy compared to MA allogeneic HCT (3-year OS 77% vs. 53%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, allogeneic HCT showed inferior OS (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.5–2.66, P < 0.001), inferior DFS (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.25–2.12, P < 0.001), and increased NRM (HR 5.41, 95% CI 3.23–9.06, P < 0.001) compared to chemotherapy. A higher 5-year relapse incidence was seen with chemotherapy compared to allogeneic HCT (34% vs. 23%, P = 0.011). Obesity was independently associated with inferior OS (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.63–2.89, P < 0.001), inferior DFS (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.51–2.57, P < 0.001), increased relapse (1.84, 95% CI 1.31–2.59, P < 0.001), and increased NRM (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.37–3.23, P < 0.001). For AYA ALL patients in CR1, post-remission therapy with pediatric-style chemotherapy is superior to MA allogeneic HCT for OS, DFS, and NRM.
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Arancibia AM, De Farias CB, Brunetto AL, Roesler R, Gregianin LJ. The effect of hospital care volume on overall survival of children with cancer in Southern Brazil. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e28779. [PMID: 33118699 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of hospital care volume on the overall survival of children with cancer in Southern Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1378 cancer patients aged 0-19 years, diagnosed with cancer between August 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015 in Rio Grande do Sul, who received hospital treatment in institutions affiliated with the Universal Health Care System (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]). RESULTS Most children and adolescents were male (56.9%) and White (75.8%). The most common types of cancer in our cohort were acute leukemia (40.7%), followed by lymphoma (15.9%) and central nervous system tumors (8.8%). Ninety-five percent of the patients were treated in specialized pediatric oncology centers. The cumulative probability of survival at 5 years for all patients was 73.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71.4-76.0%). Survival was significantly higher for patients younger than 4 years of age (P = .012) compared to all other age groups. Patients treated in institutions with a pediatric oncology patient volume of less than 15 patients/year were 41% more likely to die than patients treated in institutions with a volume of 60 patients/year or more (P = .029). CONCLUSION Cancer is the leading cause of death by natural causes in all age groups in Brazil, but, even so, childhood tumors are rare. This complexity makes childhood cancer care a challenge. In this study, we reiterate that pediatric cancer patients demonstrate better overall survival when treated in high-volume hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mauricio Arancibia
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto De Farias
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Roesler
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lauro José Gregianin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Improves Disease-Free Survival Compared to Pediatric-Inspired Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Chemotherapy in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 21:147-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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