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Hsu YC, Huang YY, Tsai SY, Kuo YW, Lin JH, Ho HH, Chen JF, Hsia KC, Sun Y. Efficacy of Probiotic Supplements on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer's Dementia: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:16. [PMID: 38201846 PMCID: PMC10780998 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been explored. Animal studies have reported the positive effects of probiotics on these factors. Some clinical studies also support the potential role of probiotics in improving cognitive function via the gut-brain axis in older adults. However, clinical experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of probiotics targeting the neurotrophic factors and inflammatory biomarkers, particularly among AD patients, remain very limited. In this randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled trial, we used multi-strain probiotic supplements, including Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis BLI-02, B. breve Bv-889, B. animalis subsp. lactis CP-9, B. bifidum VDD088, and Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 as the intervention. Participants were divided into an active control group (received probiotic supplements containing 5 × 107 colony-forming units per day, CFU/day) and a treatment group (1 × 1010 CFU/day). Student's t test was applied as the main method of statistical analysis. After 12 weeks of intervention, the treatment group demonstrated a 36% increase in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (* p = 0.005), a reduction in IL-1β (* p = 0.041), and an increase in antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) (* p = 0.012). No significant change was found in the active control group. A trend toward less cognitive deterioration was observed, but not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study presents evidence supporting the benefits of multi-strain probiotics in enhancing BDNF, ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.); (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Yen-Yu Huang
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.); (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Shin-Yu Tsai
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.); (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.); (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Jia-Hung Lin
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.); (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.); (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Jui-Fen Chen
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.); (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Ko-Chiang Hsia
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.); (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.)
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Silva RSD, Mendonça IP, Paiva IHRD, Souza JRBD, Peixoto CA. Fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides improve hepatic steatosis via gut microbiota-brain axis modulation. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:760-780. [PMID: 37771001 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2262779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that gut dysbiosis is associated with the steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction (MALSD) and its severity. This study evaluated the effects of two commercially available prebiotics fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides(GOS) on hepatic adipogenesis, inflammation, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced MALSD. The results indicated that FOS and GOS effectively reduced insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, triglyceridemia, cholesterolaemia, and IL-1β serum levels. Moreover, FOS and GOS modulated the lipogenic (SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS) and lipolytic (ATGL) signalling pathways, and reduced inflammatory markers such as p-NFκB-65, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitrotyrosine. FOS and GOS also enhanced the abundance of acetate producers' bacteria Bacteroides acidifaciens and Bacteroides dorei. FOS and GOS also induced positive POMC/GPR43 neurons at the arcuate nucleus, indicating hypothalamic signalling modulation. Our results suggest that FOS and GOS attenuated MALSD by reducing the hepatic lipogenic pathways and intestinal permeability through the gut microbiota-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Soares da Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Prata Mendonça
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Igor Henrique Rodrigues de Paiva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
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Ciltas AC, Toy CE, Güneş H, Yaprak M. Effects of probiotics on GABA/glutamate and oxidative stress in PTZ- induced acute seizure model in rats. Epilepsy Res 2023; 195:107190. [PMID: 37473590 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies conducted in recent years have indicated a relationship between epilepsy and gut microbiota. Ion channels, excitatory/inhibitory balance and regulatory systems play a role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. In addition, gut dysbiosis is also involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. This research investigated the impacts of probiotic mixture on epileptic seizures, Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and TAS and TOS levels in hippocampal tissue in the PTZ-induced acute seizure model in rats. Four groups were formed with male Wistar albino rats. The first and second groups were given 1 ml/day saline solution, and the other groups were given 0.05 mg/1 ml/day vehicle or 109cfu/1 ml/day probiotic supplementation, respectively via gavage for 21 days. A single-dose PTZ (45 mg/kg) was administered to induce seizure. The stages of seizure were analyzed according to the Racine scale. While ELISA was used to determine GABA and glutamate levels in the hippocampus, an automated colorimetric method was utilized to measure oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers. It was found that by delaying the first myoclonic jerk (FMJ), and the onset of the generalized tonic-clonic seizures, the probiotic mixture demonstrated anticonvulsant effects against seizures. The probiotic mixture was found to increase the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. It was also found to decrease TOS levels and increase TAS concentration. The findings of this study showed that probiotic mixture reduced oxidative stress with its positive effects against PTZ-induced epileptic seizures. Further studies are needed to reveal potentially related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzuhan Cetindag Ciltas
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Cemal Erdem Toy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Handan Güneş
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Meryem Yaprak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Maherinia H, Peeri M, Azarbayjani M, Delfan M. Aerobic exercise training combined with probiotic supplement improves antioxidant defence of cardiomyocytes by regulating Nrf2 and caspase3 gene expression in type 2 diabetic rats. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 18:255-263. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise training combined with probiotic supplementation on mRNA levels of Nrf-2 and caspase-3 genes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in rats with type 2 diabetes. 40 male Wistar diabetic rats were divided into five groups: healthy placebo control group (NC), diabetic control group without supplement (DC), diabetic control group with supplement (SDC), diabetic aerobic training group without supplement (DT), and diabetic aerobic training group with probiotic supplement (SDT). Each training group performed training five days per week for four weeks and each session of training consisted of 30 min running on a treadmill with an intensity of 65-60% of maximum speed. Simultaneously, rats were fed probiotic supplements. Serum glucose, SOD, and TAC were analysed. The real-time PCR technique was used to determine the gene expression of Nrf-2 and caspase-3. Both aerobic exercise training and probiotic supplementation interactively reduced caspase 3 gene expression, increased Nrf-2 gene expression and enhanced TAC in the left ventricle of diabetic rats. Also, the reduction of caspase-3 mRNA in the left ventricle was more effective in the SDT group than in other diabetic groups. There was no interaction effect on SOD. However, a simultaneous effect of training and supplementation was observed on increasing TAC levels when compared to the DC group. Pearson’s correlation showed that the heart weight gain in the SDT group occurred only by decreasing the expression of the caspase-3 gene. Based on these results, probiotics combined with exercise training can be a strategy for improving the antioxidant defence system and preventing risk factors of diabetic cardiomyocytes, especially cell death and myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Maherinia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Peeri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M.A. Azarbayjani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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de Lange IH, van Gorp C, Eeftinck Schattenkerk LD, van Gemert WG, Derikx JPM, Wolfs TGAM. Enteral Feeding Interventions in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:1726. [PMID: 34069699 PMCID: PMC8161173 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which is characterized by severe intestinal inflammation and in advanced stages necrosis, is a gastrointestinal emergency in the neonate with high mortality and morbidity. Despite advancing medical care, effective prevention strategies remain sparse. Factors contributing to the complex pathogenesis of NEC include immaturity of the intestinal immune defense, barrier function, motility and local circulatory regulation and abnormal microbial colonization. Interestingly, enteral feeding is regarded as an important modifiable factor influencing NEC pathogenesis. Moreover, breast milk, which forms the currently most effective prevention strategy, contains many bioactive components that are known to support neonatal immune development and promote healthy gut colonization. This systematic review describes the effect of different enteral feeding interventions on the prevention of NEC incidence and severity and the effect on pathophysiological mechanisms of NEC, in both experimental NEC models and clinical NEC. Besides, pathophysiological mechanisms involved in human NEC development are briefly described to give context for the findings of altered pathophysiological mechanisms of NEC by enteral feeding interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse H. de Lange
- European Surgical Center Aachen/Maastricht, Department of Pediatric Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (I.H.d.L.); (W.G.v.G.)
- Department of Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Charlotte van Gorp
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Laurens D. Eeftinck Schattenkerk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.D.E.S.); (J.P.M.D.)
| | - Wim G. van Gemert
- European Surgical Center Aachen/Maastricht, Department of Pediatric Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (I.H.d.L.); (W.G.v.G.)
- Department of Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep P. M. Derikx
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.D.E.S.); (J.P.M.D.)
| | - Tim G. A. M. Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BMT), School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Pegah A, Abbasi-Oshaghi E, Khodadadi I, Mirzaei F, Tayebinai H. Probiotic and resveratrol normalize GLP-1 levels and oxidative stress in the intestine of diabetic rats. Metabol Open 2021; 10:100093. [PMID: 33997755 PMCID: PMC8091914 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the use of incretins has been considered as a therapeutic target for diabetes. One of the important incretins in the improvement of diabetes is glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), which is secreted by the gut and reduces the apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells and improves insulin sensitivity. In this experiment we determined the effects of resveratrol and probiotics on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and GLP-1 in type 2 diabetes (T2D) rats. Methods In this study, 40 male Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups: 1. Control group, 2. T2D, 3. T2D treated with probiotics, 4. T2D treated with resveratrol, 5. T2D group treated with probiotics and resveratrol. After four weeks, the intestine were removed for histopathological analysis, biochemical tests, and oxidative stress markers. Results Probiotics and resveratrol significantly decreased (p < 0.001) glucose and insulin resistance, and increased (p < 0.001) GLP1 and total antioxidant capacity compared to the diabetic group. Treatment with probiotics and resveratrol also returned intestinal histological changes in diabetic rats to normal. Conclusion Resveratrol and probiotics appear to be effective in controlling T2D by increasing GLP-1 levels and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Pegah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abbasi-Oshaghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tayebinai
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Bakhtiary M, Morvaridzadeh M, Agah S, Rahimlou M, Christopher E, Zadro JR, Heshmati J. Effect of Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Supplementation on Cardiometabolic and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Ther 2021; 43:e71-e96. [PMID: 33526314 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem worldwide. Evidence supporting the use of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation in the management of CKD is mixed, although some studies suggest they may be useful. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation for improving cardiometabolic and oxidative stress parameters in patients with CKD. METHODS A comprehensive key word search was performed in EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science until April 2020. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of probiotic, synbiotic, and prebiotic supplementation for the management of adults with CKD were included. Primary outcomes were measures of cardiometabolic parameters such as cholesterol and fasting blood glucose. Secondary outcomes were measures of oxidative stress (eg, malondialdehyde levels) and body mass index. Random effects meta-analyses were used to estimate mean treatment effects. Results are reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs. FINDINGS Fourteen articles were included. In patients with CKD, probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol (SMD, -0.25; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.04; I2 = 00.0%), fasting blood glucose (SMD, -0.41; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.17; I2 = 00.0%), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (SMD, -0.63; 95% CI, -0.95 to -0.30; I2 = 43.3%), insulin levels (SMD, -0.49; 95% CI, -0.90 to -0.08; I2 = 65.2%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (SMD, -0.52; 95% CI, -0.81 to -0.22; I2 = 52.7%), and malondialdehyde levels (SMD, -0.79; 95% CI, -1.22 to -0.37; I2 = 69.8%) compared with control interventions. Supplementation significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (SMD, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.05; I2 = 00.0%), total antioxidant capacity (SMD, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.66; I2 = 00.0%), and glutathione levels (SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.86; I2 = 37.0%). IMPLICATIONS Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation seems to be a promising intervention for improving cardiometabolic and oxidative stress parameters in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Bakhtiary
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd Iran
| | - Edward Christopher
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua R Zadro
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Oh NS, Lee JY, Kim YT, Kim SH, Lee JH. Cancer-protective effect of a synbiotic combination between Lactobacillus gasseri 505 and a Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract on colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1785803. [PMID: 32663105 PMCID: PMC7524312 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1785803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a synbiotic combination of probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri 505 (LG) and a new prebiotic, Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) in fermented milk, designated FCT, showed an in vitro immunomodulatory effect and antioxidant activity. Although synbiotic combination might have cancer-protective effects, these activities have not been fully validated in vivo. Ten-week treatment of LG, CT, or FCT to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) mouse model reduced both the incidence of colonic tumors and damage to the colonic mucosa effectively, suggesting a cancer-protective effect. To understand these, biomarkers associated with inflammation, colon barrier, apoptosis, and cancer cell proliferation were monitored in AOM/DSS group versus LG/CT/FCT groups. A synbiotic combination (FCT) down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) and inflammation-associated enzymes (iNOS and COX-2), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In addition, colon barrier experiment revealed that biomarkers of mucus layer (MUC-2 and TFF3) and tight junction (occludin and ZO-1) were up-regulated. Subsequent apoptosis experiment showed that pro-apoptotic factors (p53, p21, and Bax) were up-regulated and anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) were down-regulated. Furthermore, comparative metagenome analysis of gut microbiota revealed that Staphylococcus decreased but Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia increased, supporting their protective effects, accompanied by increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Taken together, the FCT administration showed cancer-protective effects by reducing the risk of colitis-associated colon cancer via regulation of inflammation, carcinogenesis, and compositional change of gut microbiota. Consequently, the synbiotic combination (FCT) could be a novel potential health-protective natural agent against CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Su Oh
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea,Sae Hun Kim 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea,CONTACT Ju-Hoon Lee 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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Dev K, Akbar Mir N, Biswas A, Kannoujia J, Begum J, Kant R. Dietary Mannan-oligosaccharides potentiate the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum in broiler chicken. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:520-530. [PMID: 32720364 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS), as a synbiotic, on the production performance, gut microbiology, serum biochemistry, antioxidant profile and health indices of broiler chicken. Six dietary treatments were T1 (negative control), T2 (positive control-20 mg antibiotic BMD kg-1 diet; BMD: bacitracin methylene disalicylate), T3 (0·1% MOS + 106 CFU BFD per g feed), T4 (0·1% MOS + 107 CFU BFD per g feed), T5 (0·2% MOS + 106 CFU BFD per g feed) and T6 (0·2% MOS + 107 CFU BFD per g feed). Significantly (P < 0·01) better growth performance and efficiency was observed in birds supplemented with 0·2% MOS along with 106 CFU BFD per g of feed compared to BMD and control birds. Supplementation with 0·2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD per g feed reduced (P < 0·01) the gut coliform, Escherichia coli, total plate count, and Clostridium perfringens count and increased the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium count. Significantly (P < 0·01) higher serum and liver antioxidant enzyme pool, serum HDL cholesterol and lower serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and atherogenic index of plasma were observed in birds supplemented with 0·2% MOS along with 106 CFU BFD per g of feed compared to control or BMD supplemented birds. Better production performance, gut microbial composition, serum biochemistry, antioxidant profile and health indices were depicted by broiler chicken supplemented with 0·2% MOS and 106 CFU BFD per g of feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, India.,Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | | | | | - Jyoti Kannoujia
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jubeda Begum
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Rajiv Kant
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
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Serce Pehlevan O, Benzer D, Gursoy T, Karatekin G, Ovali F. Synbiotics use for preventing sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Pediatr 2020; 63:226-231. [PMID: 32023397 PMCID: PMC7303425 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2019.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics and prebiotics have strain-specific effects on the host. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, are proposed to have more beneficial effects on the host than either agent has alone. PURPOSE We performed a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium together with oligosaccharides and lactoferrin on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or sepsis in very low birth weight neonates. METHODS Neonates with a gestational age ≤32 weeks and birth weight ≤1,500 g were enrolled. The study group received a combination of synbiotics and lactoferrin, whereas the control group received 1 mL of distilled water as placebo starting with the first feed until discharge. The outcome measures were the incidence of NEC stage ≥2 or late-onset cultureproven sepsis and NEC stage ≥2 or death. RESULTS Mean birth weight and gestational age of the study (n=104) and the control (n=104) groups were 1,197±235 g vs. 1,151±269 g and 29±1.9 vs. 28±2.2 weeks, respectively (P>0.05). Neither the incidence of NEC stage ≥2 or death, nor the incidence of NEC stage ≥2 or late-onset culture-proven sepsis differed between the study and control groups (5.8% vs. 5.9%, P=1; 26% vs. 21.2%, P=0.51). The only significant difference was the incidence of all stages of NEC (1.9% vs. 10.6%, P=0.019). CONCLUSION The combination of synbiotics and lactoferrin did not reduce NEC severity, sepsis, or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Serce Pehlevan
- Neonatology Unit, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Benzer
- Neonatology Unit, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Gursoy
- Neonatology Unit, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guner Karatekin
- Neonatology Unit, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fahri Ovali
- Neonatology Unit, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Esmaeilinezhad Z, Barati-Boldaji R, Brett NR, de Zepetnek JOT, Bellissimo N, Babajafari S, Sohrabi Z. The effect of synbiotics pomegranate juice on cardiovascular risk factors in PCOS patients: a randomized, triple-blinded, controlled trial. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:539-548. [PMID: 31713129 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic and endocrine disorders. Functional foods like pomegranate and probiotics are those that are considered to have beneficial effects on metabolic diseases beyond their basic nutritional value. So, we aimed to evaluate the effect of synbiotic pomegranate juice (SPJ) on cardiovascular risk factors on PCOS patients. METHODS This was a randomized, triple-blinded, 8-week trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 300 mL/day of pomegranate juice (PJ), synbiotic beverage (SB), synbiotic pomegranate juice (SPJ), or placebo beverage (PB). Biochemical indices (lipid profile, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)) and blood pressure were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Participants in the PJ, SB, and SPJ groups experienced improvement in their lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammation, and blood pressure during the time. Compared to placebo, Total Cholesterol (TC) was lower in the SB group (P < 0.01), LDL-c was lower in the SPJ and SB groups (P < 0.01), and HDL-c was higher in the SPJ and PJ groups (P < 0.01). With regards to oxidative stress and inflammation, when compared with placebo, MDA was lower in the SPJ, SB, and PJ groups (P < 0.001), TAC was increased in the SPJ and PJ groups (P[Formula: see text] 0.001), and hs-CRP was decreased in the PJ group (P = 0.02). Blood pressure (BP) was lower in the SPJ and PJ groups compared to placebo (P < 0.001; P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Consuming daily SPJ for 8 weeks improved metabolic, oxidative, inflammatory, and BP outcomes in females with PCOS. This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20170207032439N2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Esmaeilinezhad
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Barati-Boldaji
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N R Brett
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J O T de Zepetnek
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - N Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Babajafari
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Z Sohrabi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Den H, Dong X, Chen M, Zou Z. Efficacy of probiotics on cognition, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment - a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4010-4039. [PMID: 32062613 PMCID: PMC7066922 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microbes that confer health benefits to the host. Preliminary animal evidence supports the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating cognitive health, however, findings from clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects are controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis is needed to clarify the efficacy of probiotics on cognition in AD or MCI patients. EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane library were systematically searched and manually screened for relevant published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Among the 890 citations identified, 5 studies involving 297 subjects met eligibility. There was a significant improvement in cognition (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.61; P = 0.002; I2 = 24%), while a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (SMD = −0.60; 95% CI, −0.91, −0.28; P = 0.000; I2 = 0.0%) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (SMD = −0.57; 95% CI, −0.95, −0.20; P = 0.003; I2 = 0.0%) post-intervention levels between the probiotics and control group. This meta-analysis indicated that probiotics improved cognitive performance in AD or MCI patients, possibly through decreasing levels of inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers. However, current evidence is insufficient, and more reliable evidence from large-scale, long-period, RCT is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Den
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xunhu Dong
- Department of Chemical Defense, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of Chemical Defense, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhongmin Zou
- Department of Chemical Defense, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Llévenes P, Rodrigues-Díez R, Cros-Brunsó L, Prieto MI, Casaní L, Balfagón G, Blanco-Rivero J. Beneficial Effect of a Multistrain Synbiotic Prodefen® Plus on the Systemic and Vascular Alterations Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Rats: The Role of the Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Protein Kinase A. Nutrients 2020; 12:E117. [PMID: 31906276 PMCID: PMC7019517 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high fat diet (HFD) intake is crucial for the development and progression of metabolic syndrome (MtS). Increasing evidence links gut dysbiosis with the metabolic and vascular alterations associated with MtS. Here we studied the use of a combination of various probiotic strains together with a prebiotic (synbiotic) in a commercially available Prodefen® Plus. MtS was induced by HFD (45%) in male Wistar rats. Half of the MtS animals received Prodefen® Plus for 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, we observed an increase in body weight, together with the presence of insulin resistance, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension in MtS rats. Prodefen® Plus supplementation did not affect the body weight gain but ameliorated all the MtS-related symptoms. Moreover, the hypertension induced by HFD is caused by a diminished both nitric oxide (NO) functional role and release probably due to a diminished neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation by protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Prodefen® Plus supplementation for 4 weeks recovered the NO function and release and the systolic blood pressure was returned to normotensive values as a result. Overall, supplementation with Prodefen® Plus could be considered an interesting non-pharmacological approach in MtS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Llévenes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle de Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.); (L.C.-B.); (G.B.)
| | - Raquel Rodrigues-Díez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle de Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Cardiovascular Diseases, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdIPaz), Calle de Pedro Rico 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laia Cros-Brunsó
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle de Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.); (L.C.-B.); (G.B.)
| | - Mᵃ Isabel Prieto
- Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdIPaz), Calle de Pedro Rico 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Casaní
- Research Institute of Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, Carrer de Sant Quintí 77–79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gloria Balfagón
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle de Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.); (L.C.-B.); (G.B.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Cardiovascular Diseases, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdIPaz), Calle de Pedro Rico 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle de Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.); (L.C.-B.); (G.B.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Cardiovascular Diseases, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdIPaz), Calle de Pedro Rico 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Nakamura H, O'Donnell AM, Tomuschat C, Coyle D, Puri P. Altered expression of caveolin-1 in the colon of patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35:929-934. [PMID: 31256294 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-019-04505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's disease-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is unclear. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) regulates the functions of different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, which play critical roles in inflammation and intestinal epithelial barrier function. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that Cav-1 expression is altered in the bowel of patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). METHODS HSCR tissue specimens (n = 10) were collected at the time of pull-through surgery and control samples were obtained at the time of colostomy closure in patients with imperforate anus (n = 10). qRT-PCR analysis was undertaken to quantify Cav-1 gene expression, and Western blot analysis was undertaken to determine Cav-1 protein quantification. Immunolabelling of Cav-1 proteins was visualized using confocal microscopy. RESULTS qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that Cav-1 was significantly downregulated in the aganglionic and ganglionic colon of patients with HSCR compared to controls (p < 0.01). Confocal microscopy revealed a markedly decreased expression of Cav-1 in colonic epithelium of aganglionic and ganglionic bowel of patients with HSCR compared to controls. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of significantly decreased Cav-1 expression in patients with HSCR. Decreased expression of Cav-1 in the bowel of HSCR may increase susceptibility to HAEC in HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakamura
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie O'Donnell
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Tomuschat
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Coyle
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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15
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Rezaei Asl Z, Sepehri G, Salami M. Probiotic treatment improves the impaired spatial cognitive performance and restores synaptic plasticity in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112183. [PMID: 31472194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate that damage to gut microbiota is associated with some brain disorders including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, supporting gut microbiota has been considered as a possible strategy for AD treatment. We evaluated behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of the brain function in an animal model of AD made by intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid. Two groups of control rats recieved either water as vehicle (Con) or probitics (Pro + Con). Also two groups of Alzheimeric animals were treated by either vehicle (Alz) or probiotics (Pro + Alz). Sham group was only subjected to surgical procedure and received the vehicle. Spatial learning and memory was assessed in Morris water maze. Also, basic synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) were assessed by recording field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in hippocampus. Change in anti-oxidant/oxidant factors was assessed via measuring plasma level of total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and malondealdehyde (MDA). Brain staining was done to confirm β-amyloid accumulation. Fecal bacteria quantification was accomplished to find how probiotic supplement affected gut microbiota. We found that while the Alz animals displayed a weak spatial performance, probiotic treatment improved the maze navigation in the Pro + Alz rats. Whereas basic synaptic transmission remained unchanged in the Alz rats, LTP was suppressed in this group. Probiotic treatment significantly restored LTP in the Pro + Alz group and further enhanced it in the Pro + Con rats. The intervention also showed a favorable effect on balance of the anti-oxidant/oxidant biomarkers in the Pro + Alz rats. This study provides the first proof on positive effect of probiotics on synaptic plasticity in an animal model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei Asl
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Effect of probiotic supplementation on seizure activity and cognitive performance in PTZ-induced chemical kindling. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 95:43-50. [PMID: 31026781 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders that severely affect life quality of many people worldwide. Ion transport in the neuronal membrane, inhibitory-excitatory mechanisms, and regulatory modulator systems have been implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. A bidirectional communication is proposed between brain and gut where the brain modulates the gastrointestinal tract, and the gut can affect brain function and behavior. The gut microbiome takes an important role in health and disease where dysbiosis is involved in several neurological disorders. Probiotics as living microorganisms are beneficial to humans and animals when adequately administered. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of a probiotic bacteria mixture on seizure activity, cognitive function, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), nitric oxide (NO), malondealdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level of the brain tissue in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindled rats. The Racine score and performance in water maze were considered as indices of the epileptic severity and the spatial learning and memory, respectively. We found that the probiotic supplementation substantially reduces seizure severity so that almost no probiotic-treated animals showed full kindling. The oral bacteriotherapy partially improved the spatial learning and memory in the kindled rats. The intervention decreased NO and MDA and increased TAC concentration of the brain. The probiotic treatment also increased the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Our findings are the first preclinical report to show positive effect of probiotic bacteria on seizure-induced neurological disorders. Further investigation is required to answer the questions raised about the probable mechanisms involved.
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17
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Jia P, Cui K, Ma T, Wan F, Wang W, Yang D, Wang Y, Guo B, Zhao L, Diao Q. Influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as alternatives to monensin on growth performance, antioxidant, immunity, ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity of fattening lambs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16712. [PMID: 30420720 PMCID: PMC6232095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatives to antibiotics for improving productivity and maintaining the health of livestock health are urgently needed. The scope of this research was conducted to investigate the effects of two alternatives (Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to monensin on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity of fattening lambs. One hundred and sixty Dorper × Thin-tailed Han sheep (32 ± 3.45 kg BW) were randomly assigned into 5 treatments of n = 32 lambs/group. Lambs in the control group were fed a basal diet (NC) while the other four treatments were fed basal diets supplemented with monensin (PC), Bacillus licheniformis (BL), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), and the combination of Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with protease (BS), respectively. The experiment lasted for 66 d. Feed intake was recorded every 2 d and lambs were weighed every 20 d. Ten lambs from each group were slaughtered at the end of the trial, and samples of serum and rumen fluid were collected. The results indicated that the dietary regimen did not affect the dry matter intake (DMI). The average daily gain (ADG) of BS treatment was significantly higher than NC group (P < 0.05). Compared with the NC treatment, the other four supplementation treatments increased the concentration of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin (INS) (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) showed no significant difference among the 5 treatments while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of BS group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The supplementation regimen decreased the concentration of ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) and increased the content of microbial crude proteins (MCP) (P < 0.05). The supplementation of antibiotics and probiotics reduced the concentrations of acetate and increased the concentrations of propionate (P < 0.05). The supplementation treatments increased the relative abundance of Lentisphaerae, Fibrobacteres and Tenericutes at the phylum level, whereas at the genus level, they increased the relative abundance of Fibrobacter (P < 0.05). Overall, this study confirmed the facilitating effect of B. licheniformis, S. cerevisiae and their compounds on growth performance, improve the antioxidant capacity and immune function, and beneficially manipulate ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity of fatting lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia Bayannaoer, Beijing, 015000, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia Bayannaoer, Beijing, 015000, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia Bayannaoer, Beijing, 015000, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Beijing Xindayang Technological Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Beijing Xindayang Technological Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics: Can they be used to treat allergies and autoimmune diseases? Maturitas 2018; 119:25-38. [PMID: 30502748 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a person ages, physiological, immunological and gut microbiome changes collectively result in an array of chronic conditions. According to the 'hygiene hypothesis' the increasing prevalence of immune-mediated disorders may be related to intestinal dysbiosis, leading to immune dysfunction and associated conditions such as eczema, asthma, allergies and autoimmune diseases. Beneficial probiotic bacteria can be utilized by increasing their abundance within the gastrointestinal lumen, which in turn will modulate immune cells, such as, T helper (Th)-1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) cells and B cells, which have direct relevance to human health and the pathogenesis of immune disorders. Here, we describe the cross-talk between probiotics and the gastrointestinal immune system, and their effects in relation to inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, allergies and atopic dermatitis.
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Agahi A, Hamidi GA, Daneshvar R, Hamdieh M, Soheili M, Alinaghipour A, Esmaeili Taba SM, Salami M. Does Severity of Alzheimer's Disease Contribute to Its Responsiveness to Modifying Gut Microbiota? A Double Blind Clinical Trial. Front Neurol 2018; 9:662. [PMID: 30158897 PMCID: PMC6104449 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Evidence indicates that gut microbiota is altered in the AD and, hence, modifying the gut flora may affect the disease. In the previous clinical research we evaluated the effect of a probiotic combination on the cognitive abilities of AD patients. Since, in addition to pathological disorders, the AD is associated with changes in oxidant/antioxidant and inflammatory/anti-inflammatory biomarkers, the present work was designed to evaluate responsiveness of the inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers to the probiotic treatment. The control (CON) and probiotic (PRO) AD patients were treated for 12 weeks by the placebo and probiotic supplementation, respectively. The patients were cognitively assessed by Test Your Memory (TYM = 50 scores). Also serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-10) were measured. The cognitive test and the serum biomarkers were assessed pre- and post-treatment. According to TYM test 83.5% of the patients showed severe AD. The CON (12.86% ± 8.33) and PRO (−9.35% ± 16.83) groups not differently scored the cognitive test. Not pronounced change percent was found in the serum level of TNF-α (1.67% ± 1.33 vs. −0.15% ± 0.27), IL-6 (0.35% ± 0.17 vs. 2.18% ± 0.15), IL-10 (0.05% ± 0.10 vs. −0.70% ± 0.73), TAC (0.07% ± 0.07 and −0.06% ± 0.03), GSH (0.08% ± 0.05 and 0.04% ± 0.03) NO (0.11% ± 0.06 and 0.05% ± 0.09), MDA (−0.11% ± 0.03 and −0.17% ± 0.03), 8-OHdG (43.25% ± 3.01 and 42.70% ± 3.27) in the CON and PRO groups, respectively. We concluded that the cognitive and biochemical indications in the patients with severe AD are insensitive to the probiotic supplementation. Therefore, in addition to formulation and dosage of probiotic bacteria, severity of disease and time of administration deeply affects results of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Agahi
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Hamidi
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Daneshvar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hamdieh
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soheili
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Azam Alinaghipour
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Morshedi M, Valenlia KB, Hosseinifard ES, Shahabi P, Abbasi MM, Ghorbani M, Barzegari A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Saghafi-Asl M. Beneficial psychological effects of novel psychobiotics in diabetic rats: the interaction among the gut, blood and amygdala. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:145-152. [PMID: 29730508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to major complications such as psychiatric disorders which include depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. The association of the gut-brain axis in the development of such disorders, especially in T2DM, has been elucidated; however, gut dysbiosis is also reported in patients with T2DM. Hence, the regulation of the gut-brain axis, in particular, the gut-amygdala, as a vital region for the regulation of behavior is essential. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. To induce T2DM, treatment groups received high-fat diet and 35 mg/kg streptozotocin. Then, supplements of Lactobacillus plantarum, inulin or their combination were administered to each group for 8 weeks. Finally, the rats were sacrificed for measurement of blood and tissue parameters after behavioral testing. The findings demonstrated the favorable effects of the psychobiotics (L. plantarum, inulin or their combination) on oxidative markers of the blood and amygdala (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity), as well as on concentrations of amygdala serotonin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, in the diabetic rats. In addition, beneficial effects were observed on the elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests with no change in locomotor activity of the rats. There was a strong correlation between the blood and amygdala oxidative markers, insulin and fasting blood sugar with depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Our results identified L. plantarum ATCC 8014 and inulin or their combination as novel psychobiotics that could improve the systemic and nervous antioxidant status and improve amygdala performance and beneficial psychotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Morshedi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Bavafa Valenlia
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Sadat Hosseinifard
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Ghorbani
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Athalye-Jape G, Rao S, Patole S. Effects of probiotics on experimental necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:16-22. [PMID: 28949953 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMeta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that probiotics decrease the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Many animal RCTs have evaluated probiotics for preventing NEC. We systematically reviewed the literature on this topic.MethodsThe protocol for systematic review of animal intervention studies (SYRCLE) was followed. Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, e-abstracts from the Pediatric Academic Society meetings, and other neonatal conferences were searched in December 2015 and August 2016. RCTs comparing probiotics vs. placebo/no probiotic were included.ResultsA total of 29 RCTs were included (Rats: 16, Mice: 7, Piglets: 3, Quail: 2, Rabbit: 1; N~2,310), with 21 reporting on histopathologically confirmed NEC; remaining 8 assessed only pathways of probiotic benefits. Twenty of the 21 RCTs showed that probiotics significantly reduced NEC. Pooling of data was possible for 16/21 RCTs. Meta-analysis using random-effects model showed that probiotics significantly decreased the risk of NEC (203/641 (31.7%) vs. 344/571 (60.2%); relative risk: 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42-0.62; P<0.00001; I2=44%; number needed to treat: 4; 95% CI: 2.9, 4.3).ConclusionProbiotics significantly reduced NEC via beneficial effects on immunity, inflammation, tissue injury, gut barrier, and intestinal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Athalye-Jape
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia.,Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, KEM Hospital for Women, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shripada Rao
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patole
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, KEM Hospital for Women, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Biomarkers of Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in People with Overweight, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 11:133-142. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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d'Ettorre G, Rossi G, Scagnolari C, Andreotti M, Giustini N, Serafino S, Schietroma I, Scheri GC, Fard SN, Trinchieri V, Mastromarino P, Selvaggi C, Scarpona S, Fanello G, Fiocca F, Ceccarelli G, Antonelli G, Brenchley JM, Vullo V. Probiotic supplementation promotes a reduction in T-cell activation, an increase in Th17 frequencies, and a recovery of intestinal epithelium integrity and mitochondrial morphology in ART-treated HIV-1-positive patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:244-260. [PMID: 28474815 PMCID: PMC5569369 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV infection is characterized by a persistent immune activation associated to a compromised gut barrier immunity and alterations in the profile of the fecal flora linked with the progression of inflammatory symptoms. The effects of high concentration multistrain probiotic (Vivomixx®, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy in EU; Visbiome®, Dupont, Madison, Wisconsin in USA) on several aspects of intestinal immunity in ART-experienced HIV-1 patients was evaluated. METHODS A sub-study of a longitudinal pilot study was performed in HIV-1 patients who received the probiotic supplement twice a day for 6 months (T6). T-cell activation and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets expressing IFNγ (Th1, Tc1) or IL-17A (Th17, Tc17) were stained by cytoflorimetric analysis. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on intestinal biopsies while enterocytes apoptosis index was determined by TUNEL assay. RESULTS A reduction in the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, expressing CD38+ , HLA-DR+ , or both, and an increase in the percentage of Th17 cell subsets, especially those with central or effector memory phenotype, was recorded in the peripheral blood and in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) after probiotic intervention. Conversely, Tc1 and Tc17 levels remained substantially unchanged at T6, while Th1 cell subsets increase in the GALT. Probiotic supplementation was also associated to a recovery of the integrity of the gut epithelial barrier, a reduction of both intraepithelial lymphocytes density and enterocyte apoptosis and, an improvement of mitochondrial morphology sustained in part by a modulation of heat shock protein 60. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation for the reconstitution of physical and immunological integrity of the mucosal intestinal barrier in ART-treated HIV-1-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesAzienda Policlinico Umberto I of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of BiosciencesVeterinary Medicine University of CamerinoMatelicaItaly
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci BolognettiDepartment of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines EvaluationItalian Institute of HealthRomeItaly
| | - Noemi Giustini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Sara Serafino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ivan Schietroma
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Saeid Najafi Fard
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Vito Trinchieri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Section of MicrobiologyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Carla Selvaggi
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci BolognettiDepartment of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Silvia Scarpona
- School of BiosciencesVeterinary Medicine University of CamerinoMatelicaItaly
| | - Gianfranco Fanello
- Department of Emergency Surgery—Emergency Endoscopic UnitPoliclinico Umberto ISapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Fausto Fiocca
- Department of Emergency Surgery—Emergency Endoscopic UnitPoliclinico Umberto ISapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesAzienda Policlinico Umberto I of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci BolognettiDepartment of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Laboratory of Parasitic DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Johnson-Henry KC, Abrahamsson TR, Wu RY, Sherman PM. Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:928-37. [PMID: 27633108 PMCID: PMC5015037 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease in preterm infants characterized by barrier disruption, intestinal microbial dysbiosis, and persistent inflammation of the colon, which results in high mortality rates. Current strategies used to manage this disease are not sufficient, although the use of human breast milk reduces the risk of NEC. Mother's milk is regarded as a fundamental nutritional source for neonates, but pasteurization of donor breast milk affects the composition of bioactive compounds. Current research is evaluating the benefits and potential pitfalls of adding probiotics and prebiotics to pasteurized milk so as to improve the functionality of the milk and thereby reduce the burden of illness caused by NEC. Probiotics (live micro-organisms that confer health to the host) and prebiotics (nondigestible oligosaccharides that stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria) are functional foods known to mediate immune responses and modulate microbial populations in the gut. Clinical research shows strain- and compound-specific responses when probiotics or prebiotics are administered in conjunction with donor breast milk for the prevention of NEC. Despite ongoing controversy surrounding optimal treatment strategies, randomized controlled studies are now investigating the use of synbiotics to reduce the incidence and severity of NEC. Synbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, have been proposed to enhance beneficial health effects in the intestinal tract more than either agent administered alone. This review considers the implications of using probiotic-, prebiotic-, and synbiotic-supplemented breast milk as a strategy to prevent NEC and issues that could be encountered with the preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathene C Johnson-Henry
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Thomas R Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Richard You Wu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children;,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Nutritional Sciences; and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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25
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Bahmani F, Tajadadi-Ebrahimi M, Kolahdooz F, Mazouchi M, Hadaegh H, Jamal AS, Mazroii N, Asemi S, Asemi Z. The Consumption of Synbiotic Bread Containing Lactobacillus sporogenes and Inulin Affects Nitric Oxide and Malondialdehyde in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 35:506-513. [PMID: 26430929 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1032443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To our knowledge, no reports are available indicating the effects of synbiotic bread consumption on nitric oxide (NO), biomarkers of oxidative stress, and liver enzymes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was performed to determine the effects of the daily consumption of synbiotic bread on NO, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and liver enzymes in patients with T2DM. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 81 patients with diabetes, aged 35-70 years old. After a 2-week run-in period, patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A (n = 27) received synbiotic bread containing viable and the heat-resistant probiotic Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 108 CFU) and 0.07 g inulin per 1 g, group B (n = 27) received probiotic bread containing Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 108 CFU), and group C (n = 27) received control bread for 8 weeks. Patients were asked to consume the synbiotic, probiotic, or control breads 3 times a day in 40 g packages for a total of 120 g/day. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after an 8-week intervention for quantificationof related markers. RESULTS After 8 weeks, the consumption of synbiotic bread compared to the probiotic and control breads resulted in a significant rise in plasma NO (40.6 ± 34.4 vs 18.5 ± 36.2 and -0.8 ± 24.5 µmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001) and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (-0.7 ± 0.7 vs 0.6 ± 1.7 and 0.5 ± 1.5 µmol/L, respectively, p = 0.001). We did not find any significant effect of the synbiotic bread consumption on plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), plasma glutathione (GSH), catalase, serum liver enzymes, calcium, iron, magnesium levels, and blood pressure compared to the probiotic and control breads. CONCLUSION In conclusion, consumption of the synbiotic bread for 8 weeks among patients with T2DM had beneficial effects on plasma NO and MDA levels; however, it did not affect plasma TAC, GSH, catalase levels, serum liver enzymes, calcium, iron, magnesium levels, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereashteh Bahmani
- a Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , IRAN
| | | | | | - Marjan Mazouchi
- a Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , IRAN
| | - Haleh Hadaegh
- c Department of Research and Development of Sahar Bread Company , Tehran , IRAN
| | - Atefeh-Sadat Jamal
- a Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , IRAN
| | - Navid Mazroii
- a Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , IRAN
| | - Shiva Asemi
- a Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , IRAN
| | - Zatolla Asemi
- a Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , IRAN
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Houben T, Brandsma E, Walenbergh SMA, Hofker MH, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Oxidized LDL at the crossroads of immunity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:416-429. [PMID: 27472963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is viewed as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is a condition hallmarked by lipid accumulation in the liver (steatosis) along with inflammation (hepatitis). Currently, the etiology and mechanisms leading to obesity-induced hepatic inflammation are not clear and, as a consequence, strategies to diagnose or treat NASH in an accurate manner do not exist. In the current review, we put forward the concept of oxidized lipids as a significant risk factor for NASH. We will focus on the contribution of the different types of oxidized lipids as part of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to the hepatic inflammatory response. Furthermore, we will elaborate on the underlying mechanisms linking oxLDL to inflammatory responses in the liver and on how these cascades can be used as therapeutic targets to combat NASH. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid modification and lipid peroxidation products in innate immunity and inflammation edited by Christoph J. Binder.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Houben
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Brandsma
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S M A Walenbergh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M H Hofker
- Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Aluwong T, Ayo JO, Kpukple A, Oladipo OO. Amelioration of Hyperglycaemia, Oxidative Stress and Dyslipidaemia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Probiotic and Vitamin C. Nutrients 2016; 8:E151. [PMID: 27164129 PMCID: PMC4882655 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that hyperglycaemia is responsible for the oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. The study was designed to investigate the comparative effects of probiotic and vitamin C (Vit-C) treatments on hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Six groups of the animals received the following treatment regimens for four weeks: (1) Normal saline, per os; (2) alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.p.); (3) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + insulin (4 U/kg, subcutaneously); (4) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 10⁶ CFU/100 mL per os); (5) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + Vit-C (100 mg/kg, i.m.); (6) alloxan (150 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 10⁶ CFU/100 mL per os) + Vit-C (100 mg/kg, intramuscularly). Probiotic + Vit-C decreased (p < 0.05) blood glucose concentration in diabetic treated group, when compared with the untreated diabetic group. Probiotic + Vit-C reduced malondialdehyde concentration, in the serum, brain and kidneys, respectively, but increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Probiotic and Vit-C may be more effective than Vit-C alone, in ameliorating hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagang Aluwong
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, c/o P.O. Box 216 Samaru, 810006 Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph O Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, c/o P.O. Box 216 Samaru, 810006 Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Alkali Kpukple
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, c/o P.O. Box 216 Samaru, 810006 Zaria, Nigeria.
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Abudabos AM, Alyemni AH, Zakaria HAH. Effect of Two Strains of Probiotics on the Antioxidant Capacity, Oxidative Stress, and Immune Responses of Salmonella-Challenged Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/18069061-2015-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - AH Alyemni
- ARASCO for Feed, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kavitha K, Reddy AG, Reddy KK, Kumar CSVS, Boobalan G, Jayakanth K. Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of pioglitazone, insulin and synbiotic in diabetic rats. Vet World 2016; 9:118-22. [PMID: 27051195 PMCID: PMC4819359 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.118-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of the study was to assess the effect of combination treatment of insulin, pioglitazone and synbiotic on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced chemically by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40 mg/kg b.wt) to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided randomly into six groups of six rats in each. Group 1 was maintained as a normal control. Group 2 was maintained as diabetic control; Group 3 was treated with insulin; Group 4 with insulin + synbiotic; Group 5 with insulin + pioglitazone; and Group 6 with insulin + synbiotic + pioglitazone. All the animals were treated for 60 days. RESULTS Body weights, and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, whereas the concentration of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, protein carbonyls and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, and the activity of GSH peroxidase were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in Group 2 at the end of 8(th) week as compared to Group 1. The treatment Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 revealed improvement in all the parameters, and the highest improvement was observed in combination Group 6. CONCLUSION From this study, it is concluded that combination of insulin, pioglitazone and synbiotic is useful in treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kavitha
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - A Gopala Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - K Kondal Reddy
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - C S V Satish Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - G Boobalan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - K Jayakanth
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
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Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of mortality in preterm infants. This article reviews the immunologic and hematological abnormalities typically seen in infants with NEC, such as elevated plasma cytokine levels, thrombocytopenia, increased or decreased neutrophil counts, low monocyte counts, and anemia. Some of these findings may provide important diagnostic and prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Krishna G, Divyashri G, Prapulla SG, Muralidhara. A Combination Supplement of Fructo- and Xylo-Oligosaccharides Significantly Abrogates Oxidative Impairments and Neurotoxicity in Maternal/Fetal Milieu Following Gestational Exposure to Acrylamide in Rat. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1904-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Evaluation of the expression of I-FABP and L-FABP in a necrotizing enterocolitis model after the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:543-9. [PMID: 25840060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe intestinal disease that primarily affects premature babies, leading to high mortality and morbidity. Probiotics represent an important alternative prophylaxis for NEC but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Moreover, intestinal and liver-type fatty acid-binding proteins (I-FABP and L-FABP) may be utilized because markers of intestinal injury, including NEC. We aimed to evaluate the protection induced by the Lactobacillus acidophilus on the intestines of newborn rats submitted to experimental NEC using I-FABP and L-FABP as biomarkers. METHODS Sprague-Dawley newborn rats were divided into three groups: (1) C (control)-breast-fed; (2) NEC-subjected to NEC protocol and (3) NECP-NEC+probiotic. Morphometric, intestinal lesion, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis were performed. Statistical significant differences were considered when p<0.05. RESULTS Intestinal weight was lower in NEC and NECP compared to C (p<0.05). Intestinal injury was lower in NECP compared to NEC. Prophylactic probiotic recovered mucosa and muscular layers' thickness to C levels (p<0.05). I-FABP and L-FABP expressions in NECP showed intermediate values between C and NEC. CONCLUSION L. acidophilus had a protective effect on the development of NEC and FABPs could demonstrate the degree of tissular damage of the intestine.
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Halpern MD, Denning PW. The role of intestinal epithelial barrier function in the development of NEC. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1000707. [PMID: 25927016 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2014.1000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier plays an important role in maintaining host health. Breakdown of intestinal barrier function is known to play a role in many diseases such as infectious enteritis, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and neonatal inflammatory bowel diseases. Recently, increasing research has demonstrated the importance of understanding how intestinal epithelial barrier function develops in the premature neonate in order to develop strategies to promote its maturation. Optimizing intestinal barrier function is thought to be key to preventing neonatal inflammatory bowel diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. In this review, we will first summarize the key components of the intestinal epithelial barrier, what is known about its development, and how this may explain NEC pathogenesis. Finally, we will review what therapeutic strategies may be used to promote optimal development of neonatal intestinal barrier function in order to reduce the incidence and severity of NEC.
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Key Words
- AJ, adherens junctions
- AJC, apical junction complex
- BAs, bile acids; EGF, epidermal growth factor
- Bb, Bifidobacterium bifidum
- Bi, Bifidobacterium infantis
- EPO, erythropoietin; IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IEL, intestinal epithelial lymphocytes
- NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
- NICU, neonatal intensive care unit
- Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
- TCRγδ, T-cell receptor gamma-delta
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta
- TJ, tight junctions
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TPN, total parenteral nutrition
- apical junctional complex
- commensal bacteria
- intestinal epithelial barrier
- prematurity
- probiotics
- tight junctions
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Halpern
- Department of Pediatrics; The University of Arizona ; Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Patricia W Denning
- Department of Pediatrics; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta, GA USA
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Plaza-Diaz J, Gomez-Llorente C, Fontana L, Gil A. Modulation of immunity and inflammatory gene expression in the gut, in inflammatory diseases of the gut and in the liver by probiotics. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:15632-15649. [PMID: 25400447 PMCID: PMC4229528 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for the positive manipulation of the gut microbiome through the introduction of beneficial microbes, as also known as probiotics, is currently an active area of investigation. The FAO/WHO define probiotics as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts. However, dead bacteria and bacterial molecular components may also exhibit probiotic properties. The results of clinical studies have demonstrated the clinical potential of probiotics in many pathologies, such as allergic diseases, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease and viral infection. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of probiotics, most of which involve gene expression regulation in specific tissues, particularly the intestine and liver. Therefore, the modulation of gene expression mediated by probiotics is an important issue that warrants further investigation. In the present paper, we performed a systematic review of the probiotic-mediated modulation of gene expression that is associated with the immune system and inflammation. Between January 1990 to February 2014, PubMed was searched for articles that were published in English using the MeSH terms “probiotics" and "gene expression" combined with “intestines", "liver", "enterocytes", "antigen-presenting cells", "dendritic cells", "immune system", and "inflammation". Two hundred and five original articles matching these criteria were initially selected, although only those articles that included specific gene expression results (77) were later considered for this review and separated into three major topics: the regulation of immunity and inflammatory gene expression in the gut, in inflammatory diseases of the gut and in the liver. Particular strains of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium, Bacillus and Saccharomyces influence the gene expression of mucins, Toll-like receptors, caspases, nuclear factor-κB, and interleukins and lead mainly to an anti-inflammatory response in cultured enterocytes. In addition, the interaction of commensal bacteria and probiotics with the surface of antigen-presenting cells in vitro results in the downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes that are linked to inflammatory signaling pathways, whereas other anti-inflammatory genes are upregulated. The effects of probiotics have been extensively investigated in animal models ranging from fish to mice, rats and piglets. These bacteria induce a tolerogenic and hyporesponsive immune response in which many genes that are related to the immune system, in particular those genes expressing anti-inflammatory cytokines, are upregulated. By contrast, information related to gene expression in human intestinal cells mediated by the action of probiotics is scarce. There is a need for further clinical studies that evaluate the mechanism of action of probiotics both in healthy humans and in patients with chronic diseases. These types of clinical studies are necessary for addressing the influence of these microorganisms in gene expression for different pathways, particularly those that are associated with the immune response, and to better understand the role that probiotics might have in the prevention and treatment of disease.
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Amelioration of colitis in mouse model by exploring antioxidative potentials of an indigenous probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:206732. [PMID: 25061603 PMCID: PMC4100452 DOI: 10.1155/2014/206732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on the preliminary screening of eight indigenous putative probiotic Lactobacilli, Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1 was selected for assessing its antioxidative efficacy in DSS colitis mouse model based on its ability to enhance the expression of “Nrf2” by 6.43-fold and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibition by 78.1 ± 0.24% in HT-29 cells under H2O2 stress. The Disease Activity Index and histological scores of Lf1-treated mice were lower than the control group. However, expression of “Nrf2” was not observed in Lf1-treated mice. A significant increase in the expression of antioxidative enzymes such as SOD2 and TrxR-1 was recorded in both of the groups. The expression of SOD2 was significantly downregulated in colitis-induced mice by −100.00-fold relative to control group, and the downregulation was considerably reduced to −37.04-fold in colitis Lf1 treatment group. Almost, a similar trend was recorded in case of “thioredoxin” expression, though “CAT” was refractile to expression. The Lf1-treated group had decreased malondialdehyde level as compared to colitis control (37.92 ± 6.31 versus 91.13 ± 5.76 μM/g). These results point towards Lf1-induced activation of the antioxidant enzyme system in the mouse model and its prospects to be explored as a new strategy for IBD management.
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Ebel B, Lemetais G, Beney L, Cachon R, Sokol H, Langella P, Gervais P. Impact of probiotics on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:175-89. [PMID: 24188267 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.579361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms have historically been used to rebalance disturbed intestinal microbiota and to diminish gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea or inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). Recent studies explore the potential for expanded uses of probiotics on medical disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, such as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, and metabolic disturbances such as hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress. This review aims at summarizing the proposed molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in probiotic-host interactions and to identify the nature of the resulting beneficial effects. Specific probiotic strains can act by modulating immune response, by producing particular molecules or releasing biopeptides, and by modulating nervous system activity. To date, the majority of studies have been conducted in animal models. New investigations on the related mechanisms in humans need to be carried out to better enable targeted and effective use of the broad variety of probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ebel
- a Unité Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, UMR A 02.102, AgroSup Dijon/Université de Bourgogne , 1 esplanade Erasme , Dijon , France
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Taghizadeh M, Hashemi T, Shakeri H, Abedi F, Sabihi SS, Alizadeh SA, Asemi Z. Synbiotic food consumption reduces levels of triacylglycerols and VLDL, but not cholesterol, LDL, or HDL in plasma from pregnant women. Lipids 2014; 49:155-61. [PMID: 24271261 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To our knowledge, no reports are available indicating the effects of synbiotic food consumption on blood lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of a synbiotic food on blood lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women. This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was performed among 52 primigravida pregnant women, aged 18 to 35-year-old at their third trimester. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomly assigned to consume either a synbiotic (n = 26) or control food (n = 26) for 9 weeks. The synbiotic food consisted of a probiotic viable and heat-resistant Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 10⁷ CFU) and 0.04 g inulin (HPX)/g as the prebiotic. Patients were asked to consume the synbiotic and control foods two times a day. Biochemical measurements including blood lipid profiles, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total glutathione (GSH) were conducted before and after 9 weeks of intervention. Consumption of a synbiotic food for 9 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in serum TAG (P = 0.04), VLDL (P = 0.04) and a significant rise in plasma GSH levels (P = 0.004) compared to the control food. No significant effects of the synbiotic food consumption on serum TC, LDL, HDL and plasma TAC levels (P > 0.05) were observed. Trial registry code: http://www.irct.ir . IRCT201212105623N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Hunter CJ, De Plaen IG. Inflammatory signaling in NEC: Role of NF-κB, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:55-65. [PMID: 24388163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, United States
| | - Isabelle G De Plaen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Box 45, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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Asemi Z, Khorrami-Rad A, Alizadeh SA, Shakeri H, Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2013; 33:198-203. [PMID: 23786900 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We are aware of no study indicating the effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic profiles, inflammation and oxidative stress among diabetic patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP and biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic patients. METHODS This randomized double-blinded cross-over controlled clinical trial was performed among 62 diabetic patients aged 35-70 y. After a 2-wk run-in period, subjects were randomly assigned to consume either a synbiotic (n = 62) or control food (n = 62) for 6 weeks. A 3-week washout period was applied following which subjects were crossed over to the alternate treatment arm for an additional 6 weeks. The synbiotic food consisted of a probiotic viable and heat-resistant Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 10(7) CFU), 0.04 g inulin (HPX) as prebiotic with 0.38 g isomalt, 0.36 g sorbitol and 0.05 g stevia as sweetener per 1 g. Control food (the same substance without probiotic bacteria and prebiotic inulin) was packed in identical 9-gram packages. Patients were asked to consume the synbiotic and control foods three times a day. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after a 6-wk intervention to measure metabolic profiles, hs-CRP and biomarkers of oxidative stress. RESULTS Consumption of a synbiotic food, compared to the control, resulted in a significant decrease in serum insulin levels (changes from baseline: -1.75 ± 0.60 vs. +0.95 ± 1.09 μIU/mL, P = 0.03). Although we failed to find a significant effect of synbiotic food consumption on total- and LDL-cholesterol levels and HOMA-IR, the effects on FPG (22.3 vs. 4.2 mg/dL, P = 0.09), serum triglycerides (45.9 vs. 20.6 mg/dL, P = 0.08) and HDL-cholesterol levels (3.1 vs. -2 mg/dL, P = 0.06) tended to be significant. A significant reduction in serum hs-CRP levels (-1057.86 ± 283.74 vs. 95.40 ± 385.38 ng/mL, P = 0.01) was found following the consumption of synbiotic food compared with the control group. Supplementation with the synbiotic food led to a significant increase in plasma total GSH (319.98 vs. 19.73 μmol/L, P < 0.001) and serum uric acid levels (+0.7 vs. -0.1 mg/dL, P = 0.04) compared to the control food. No significant effect of the synbiotic food was observed on plasma TAC levels. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, consumption of a synbiotic food for 6 weeks among diabetic patients had significant effects on serum insulin, hs-CRP, uric acid and plasma total GSH levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER www.irct.ir: IRCT201201195623N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ashraf Khorrami-Rad
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Shakeri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Davari S, Talaei S, Alaei H, salami M. Probiotics treatment improves diabetes-induced impairment of synaptic activity and cognitive function: Behavioral and electrophysiological proofs for microbiome–gut–brain axis. Neuroscience 2013; 240:287-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Shiou SR, Yu Y, Guo Y, He SM, Mziray-Andrew CH, Hoenig J, Sun J, Petrof EO, Claud EC. Synergistic protection of combined probiotic conditioned media against neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis-like intestinal injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65108. [PMID: 23717690 PMCID: PMC3663790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance among the complex interactions of the gut microbial community is important for intestinal health. Probiotic bacteria can improve bacterial balance and have been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening inflammatory bowel disorder primarily affecting premature infants. NEC is associated with extensive inflammatory NF-κB signaling activation as well as intestinal barrier disruption. Clinical studies have shown that probiotic administration may protect against NEC, however there are safety concerns associated with the ingestion of large bacterial loads in preterm infants. Bacteria-free conditioned media (CM) from certain probiotic organisms have been shown to retain bioactivity including anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties without the risks of live organisms. We hypothesized that the CM from Lactobacillus acidophilus (La), Bifidobacterium infantis (Bi), and Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), used separately or together would protect against NEC. A rodent model with intestinal injury similar to NEC was used to study the effect of CM from Lp, La/Bi, and La/Bi/Lp on the pathophysiology of NEC. All the CM suppressed NF-κB activation via preserved IκBα expression and this protected IκBα was associated with decreased liver activity of the proteasome, which is the degrading machinery for IκBα. These CM effects also caused decreases in intestinal production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, a downstream target of the NF-κB pathway. Combined La/Bi and La/Bi/Lp CM in addition protected intestinal barrier function by maintaining tight junction protein ZO-1 levels and localization at the tight junction. Double combined La/Bi CM significantly reduced intestinal injury incidence from 43% to 28% and triple combined La/Bi/Lp CM further reduced intestinal injury incidence to 20%. Thus, this study demonstrates different protective mechanisms and synergistic bioactivity of the CM from different organisms in ameliorating NEC-like intestinal injury in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ru Shiou
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yueyue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yuee Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shu-Mei He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and GIDRU, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Haikaeli Mziray-Andrew
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jeanette Hoenig
- Edward Hospital, Naperville, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elaine O. Petrof
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and GIDRU, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika C. Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is complex and its speed of progression is variable. To gain understanding of the disease, researchers have examined tissues resected from patients with NEC; however, as these are obtained at late stages of the disease, they do not yield clues about the early pathogenic events leading to NEC. Therefore, animal models are used and have helped identify a role for several mediators of the inflammatory network in NEC. In this article, we discuss the evidence for the role of these inflammatory mediators and conclude with a current unifying hypothesis regarding NEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle G. De Plaen
- Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Box 45, Chicago, IL 60611-2605, U.S.A., Tel: (773)-755-6379; fax: (312)-227-9758
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Antioxidative potential of lactobacilli isolated from the gut of Indian people. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7887-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Asemi Z, Jazayeri S, Najafi M, Samimi M, Mofid V, Shidfar F, Shakeri H, Esmaillzadeh A. Effect of Daily Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 60:62-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000335468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sohail M, Rahman Z, Ijaz A, Yousaf M, Ashraf K, Yaqub T, Zaneb H, Anwar H, Rehman H. Single or combined effects of mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic supplements on the total oxidants, total antioxidants, enzymatic antioxidants, liver enzymes, and serum trace minerals in cyclic heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2573-7. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Sangwan V, Tomar S, Singh R, Singh A, Ali B. Galactooligosaccharides: Novel Components of Designer Foods. J Food Sci 2011; 76:R103-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bibliography. Neonatology and perinatology. Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2011; 23:253-7. [PMID: 21412083 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e3283454167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Weinmann A, Post M, Pan J, Rafi M, O'Connor DL, Unger S, Pencharz P, Belik J. Tetrahydrobiopterin is present in high quantity in human milk and has a vasorelaxing effect on newborn rat mesenteric arteries. Pediatr Res 2011; 69:325-9. [PMID: 21178821 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31820bc13a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). BH4 is a cofactor for endothelial NOS (eNOS). Reduced BH4 levels, or its oxidation to dihydrobiopterin (BH2), uncouple eNOS resulting in formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NEC. We evaluated colostrum and mature breast milk, as well as infant formula, BH4 and BH2 content. In addition, we tested the BH4 effect on the newborn rat mesenteric arterial vascular tone. BH4 and BH2 content increased 3-fold in mature breast milk, when compared with colostrum (p < 0.01), without a change in their ratio. Infant formula had a negligible BH4 content and lower biopterins ratio, when compared with breast milk. eNOS is the predominant synthase isoform in newborn rat mesenteric arteries. In the presence of BH4, mesenteric arteries contracted less to thromboxane A₂ analog U46619 (p < 0.01) and this effect was abolished following eNOS inhibition. BH4 (10⁻⁶ M) vasorelaxed the newborn rat mesenteric arteries. We conclude that when compared with infant formula, breast milk has a high BH4 content that increases as breastfeeding continues. Given its mesenteric arterial vasorelaxing effect, BH4 may play an important role in the reduced NEC incidence among breast fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Weinmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Maria Federal University, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97.105-900, Brazil
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