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Course CW, Lewis PA, Kotecha SJ, Cousins M, Hart K, Heesom KJ, Watkins WJ, Kotecha S. Evidence of abnormality in glutathione metabolism in the airways of preterm born children with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19465. [PMID: 37945650 PMCID: PMC10636015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm-born children are at risk of long-term pulmonary deficits, including those who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infancy, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We characterised the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) metabolome from preterm-born children, both with and without BPD. Following spirometry, EBC from children aged 7-12 years, from the Respiratory Health Outcomes in Neonates study, were analysed using Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) linked significantly altered metabolites to biological processes. Linear regression models examined relationships between metabolites of interest and participant demographics. EBC was analysed from 214 children, 144 were born preterm, including 34 with BPD. 235 metabolites were detected, with 38 above the detection limit in every sample. Alanine and pyroglutamic acid were significantly reduced in the BPD group when compared to preterm controls. MSEA demonstrated a reduction in glutathione metabolism. Reduced quantities of alanine, ornithine and urea in the BPD group were linked with alteration of the urea cycle. Linear regression revealed significant associations with BPD when other characteristics were considered, but not with current lung function parameters. In this exploratory study of the airway metabolome, preterm-born children with a history of BPD had changes consistent with reduced antioxidant mechanisms suggesting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Course
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Philip A Lewis
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Michael Cousins
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kylie Hart
- Department of Paediatrics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W John Watkins
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sailesh Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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Kunst C, Schmid S, Michalski M, Tümen D, Buttenschön J, Müller M, Gülow K. The Influence of Gut Microbiota on Oxidative Stress and the Immune System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051388. [PMID: 37239059 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community that plays an important role in the general well-being of the entire organism. The gut microbiota generates a variety of metabolites and thereby regulates many biological processes, such as the regulation of the immune system. In the gut, bacteria are in direct contact with the host. The major challenge here is to prevent unwanted inflammatory reactions on one hand and on the other hand to ensure that the immune system can be activated when pathogens invade. Here the REDOX equilibrium is of utmost importance. This REDOX equilibrium is controlled by the microbiota either directly or indirectly via bacterial-derived metabolites. A balanced microbiome sorts for a stable REDOX balance, whereas dysbiosis destabilizes this equilibrium. An imbalanced REDOX status directly affects the immune system by disrupting intracellular signaling and promoting inflammatory responses. Here we (i) focus on the most common reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (ii) define the transition from a balanced REDOX state to oxidative stress. Further, we (iii) describe the role of ROS in regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses. Thereafter, we (iv) examine the influence of microbiota on REDOX homeostasis and how shifts in pro- and anti-oxidative cellular conditions can suppress or promote immune responses or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kunst
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Marlen Michalski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Deniz Tümen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jonas Buttenschön
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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Makrinioti H, Zhu Z, Camargo CA, Fainardi V, Hasegawa K, Bush A, Saglani S. Application of Metabolomics in Obesity-Related Childhood Asthma Subtyping: A Narrative Scoping Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:328. [PMID: 36984768 PMCID: PMC10054720 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related asthma is a heterogeneous childhood asthma phenotype with rising prevalence. Observational studies identify early-life obesity or weight gain as risk factors for childhood asthma development. The reverse association is also described, children with asthma have a higher risk of being obese. Obese children with asthma have poor symptom control and an increased number of asthma attacks compared to non-obese children with asthma. Clinical trials have also identified that a proportion of obese children with asthma do not respond as well to usual treatment (e.g., inhaled corticosteroids). The heterogeneity of obesity-related asthma phenotypes may be attributable to different underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Although few childhood obesity-related asthma endotypes have been described, our knowledge in this field is incomplete. An evolving analytical profiling technique, metabolomics, has the potential to link individuals' genetic backgrounds and environmental exposures (e.g., diet) to disease endotypes. This will ultimately help define clinically relevant obesity-related childhood asthma subtypes that respond better to targeted treatment. However, there are challenges related to this approach. The current narrative scoping review summarizes the evidence for metabolomics contributing to asthma subtyping in obese children, highlights the challenges associated with the implementation of this approach, and identifies gaps in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Makrinioti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Valentina Fainardi
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
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Oxidative Stress, Environmental Pollution, and Lifestyle as Determinants of Asthma in Children. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010133. [PMID: 36671825 PMCID: PMC9856068 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke, allergens, viruses, and other environmental contaminants, as well as a detrimental lifestyle, are the main factors supporting elevated levels of airway oxidative stress. Elevated oxidative stress results from an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and efficiency in antioxidant defense systems. Uncontrolled increased oxidative stress amplifies inflammatory processes and tissue damage and alters innate and adaptive immunity, thus compromising airway homeostasis. Oxidative stress events reduce responsiveness to corticosteroids. These events can increase risk of asthma into adolescence and prompt evolution of asthma toward its most severe forms. Development of new therapies aimed to restore oxidant/antioxidant balance and active interventions aimed to improve physical activity and quality/quantity of food are all necessary strategies to prevent asthma onset and avoid in asthmatics evolution toward severe forms of the disease.
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Cottrill KA, Stephenson ST, Mohammad AF, Kim SO, McCarty NA, Kamaleswaran R, Fitzpatrick AM, Chandler JD. Exacerbation-prone pediatric asthma is associated with arginine, lysine, and methionine pathway alterations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:118-127.e10. [PMID: 36096204 PMCID: PMC9825634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The asthma of some children remains poorly controlled, with recurrent exacerbations despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Aside from prior exacerbations, there are currently no reliable predictors of exacerbation-prone asthma in these children and only a limited understanding of the potential underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We sought to quantify small molecules in the plasma of children with exacerbation-prone asthma through mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. We hypothesized that the plasma metabolome of these children would differ from that of children with non-exacerbation-prone asthma. METHODS Plasma metabolites were extracted from 4 pediatric asthma cohorts (215 total subjects, with 41 having exacerbation-prone asthma) and detected with a mass spectrometer. High-confidence annotations were retained for univariate analysis and were confirmed by a sensitivity analysis in subjects receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids. Metabolites that varied by cohort were excluded. MetaboAnalyst software was used to identify pathways of interest. Concentrations were calculated by reference standardization. RESULTS We identified 32 unique, cohort-independent metabolites that differed in children with exacerbation-prone asthma compared to children with non-exacerbation-prone asthma. Comparison of metabolite concentrations to literature-reported values for healthy children revealed that most metabolites were decreased in both asthma groups, but more so in exacerbation-prone asthma. Pathway analysis identified arginine, lysine, and methionine pathways as most impacted. CONCLUSIONS Several plasma metabolites are perturbed in children with exacerbation-prone asthma and are largely related to arginine, lysine, and methionine pathways. While validation is needed, plasma metabolites may be potential biomarkers for exacerbation-prone asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susan O Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | - Rishikesan Kamaleswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Joshua D Chandler
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga.
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Johnson RK, Manke J, Campbell M, Armstrong M, Boorgula MP, Pinheiro G, Santana CVN, Mathias RA, Barnes KC, Cruz A, Reisdorph N, Figueiredo CA. Lipid mediators are detectable in the nasal epithelium and differ by asthma status in female subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:965-971.e8. [PMID: 35304161 PMCID: PMC9475490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid mediators, bioactive products of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, contribute to inflammation initiation and resolution in allergic diseases; however, their presence in lung-related biosamples has not been fully described. OBJECTIVE We aimed to quantify lipid mediators in the nasal airway epithelium and characterize preliminary associations with asthma. METHODS Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we conducted a pilot study to quantify 56 lipid mediators from nasal epithelial samples collected from 11 female participants of an outpatient asthma clinic and community controls (aged 30-55 years). We examined the presence of each compound using descriptive statistics to test whether lipid mediators could distinguish subjects with asthma (n = 8) from control subjects (n = 3) using linear regression and partial least squares discriminant analysis. RESULTS Fifteen lipid mediators were detectable in all samples, including resolvin (Rv) D5 (RvD5), with the highest median concentrations (in pg/μg protein) of 13-HODE (126.481), 15-HETE (32.869), and 13-OxoODE (13.251). From linear regression adjusted for age, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) had a trend (P < .1) for higher concentrations in patients with severe asthma compared to controls (mean difference, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, -0.04 to 1.95). Asthma patients had higher scores on principal component 3 compared to controls (mean difference, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 3.96), which represented lower levels of proresolving 15-HEPE, 19,20-DiHDPA, RvD5, 14-HDHA, 17-HDHA, and 13-HOTrE. Most of these compounds were best at discriminating asthma cases from controls in partial least squares discriminant analysis. CONCLUSION Lipid mediators are detectable in the nasal epithelium, and their levels distinguish asthma cases from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi K Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo.
| | - Jonathan Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Monica Campbell
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Meher Preethi Boorgula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Gabriela Pinheiro
- Federal University of Bahia and Fundação Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Vila Nova Santana
- Federal University of Bahia and Fundação Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Federal University of Bahia and Fundação Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Camila A Figueiredo
- Federal University of Bahia and Fundação Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR), Salvador, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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7
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Morris G, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Redox regulation of the immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1079-1101. [PMID: 36056148 PMCID: PMC9508259 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. The aim of this mechanistic review is to examine: (a) the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes, ROS/RNS production, and the activity of cellular antioxidants in the activation and performance of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells; (b) the involvement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and oxidized phospholipids in regulating the immune response; and (c) the detrimental effects of hypernitrosylation and chronic nitro-oxidative stress on the immune response. The redox changes during immune-inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the actions of nuclear factor-κB, HIF1α, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The performance and survival of individual immune cells is under redox control and depends on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. They are heavily influenced by cellular antioxidants including the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the HDL/ApoA1/PON1 complex. Chronic nitro-oxidative stress and hypernitrosylation inhibit the activity of those antioxidant systems, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial functions, and the metabolism of immune cells. In conclusion, redox-associated mechanisms modulate metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, macrophage and T helper cell polarization, phagocytosis, production of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune training and tolerance, chemotaxis, pathogen sensing, antiviral and antibacterial effects, Toll-like receptor activity, and endotoxin tolerance.
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8
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Lage SL, Amaral EP, Hilligan KL, Laidlaw E, Rupert A, Namasivayan S, Rocco J, Galindo F, Kellogg A, Kumar P, Poon R, Wortmann GW, Shannon JP, Hickman HD, Lisco A, Manion M, Sher A, Sereti I. Persistent Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Activation in CD14 highCD16 - Monocytes From COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 12:799558. [PMID: 35095880 PMCID: PMC8795739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor outcome of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is associated with systemic hyperinflammatory response and immunopathology. Although inflammasome and oxidative stress have independently been implicated in COVID-19, it is poorly understood whether these two pathways cooperatively contribute to disease severity. Herein, we found an enrichment of CD14highCD16- monocytes displaying inflammasome activation evidenced by caspase-1/ASC-speck formation in severe COVID-19 patients when compared to mild ones and healthy controls, respectively. Those cells also showed aberrant levels of mitochondrial superoxide and lipid peroxidation, both hallmarks of the oxidative stress response, which strongly correlated with caspase-1 activity. In addition, we found that NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β secretion by SARS-CoV-2-exposed monocytes in vitro was partially dependent on lipid peroxidation. Importantly, altered inflammasome and stress responses persisted after short-term patient recovery. Collectively, our findings suggest oxidative stress/NLRP3 signaling pathway as a potential target for host-directed therapy to mitigate early COVID-19 hyperinflammation and also its long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lucena Lage
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eduardo Pinheiro Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kerry L. Hilligan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Immune Cell Biology Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Laidlaw
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adam Rupert
- AIDS Monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Rocco
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Frances Galindo
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anela Kellogg
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Rita Poon
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Glenn W. Wortmann
- Section of Infectious Diseases, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - John P. Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea Lisco
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maura Manion
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irini Sereti
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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9
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Freeman A, Cellura D, Minnion M, Fernandez BO, Spalluto CM, Levett D, Bates A, Wallis T, Watson A, Jack S, Staples KJ, Grocott MPW, Feelisch M, Wilkinson TMA. Exercise Training Induces a Shift in Extracellular Redox Status with Alterations in the Pulmonary and Systemic Redox Landscape in Asthma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121926. [PMID: 34943027 PMCID: PMC8750917 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox dysregulation and oxidative stress have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Exercise interventions improve symptoms and reduce inflammation in asthma patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that a personalised exercise intervention would improve asthma control by reducing lung inflammation through modulation of local and systemic reactive species interactions, thereby increasing antioxidant capacity. We combined deep redox metabolomic profiling with clinical assessment in an exploratory cohort of six female patients with symptomatic asthma and studied their responses to a metabolically targeted exercise intervention over 12 weeks. Plasma antioxidant capacity and circulating nitrite levels increased following the intervention (p = 0.028) and lowered the ratio of reduced to oxidised glutathione (p = 0.029); this was accompanied by improvements in physical fitness (p = 0.046), symptoms scores (p = 0.020), quality of life (p = 0.046), lung function (p = 0.028), airway hyperreactivity (p = 0.043), and eosinophilic inflammation (p = 0.007). Increased physical fitness correlated with improved plasma antioxidant capacity (p = 0.019), peak oxygen uptake and nitrite changes (p = 0.005), the latter also associated with reductions in peripheral blood eosinophil counts (p = 0.038). Thus, increases in “redox resilience” may underpin the clinical benefits of exercise in asthma. An improved understanding of exercise-induced alterations in redox regulation offers opportunities for greater treatment personalisation and identification of new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Freeman
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Doriana Cellura
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Bernadette O. Fernandez
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Cosma Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Denny Levett
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew Bates
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Timothy Wallis
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Sandy Jack
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Karl J. Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Michael P. W. Grocott
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.C.); (M.M.); (B.O.F.); (C.M.S.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (T.W.); (A.W.); (S.J.); (K.J.S.); (M.P.W.G.); (M.F.); (T.M.A.W.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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10
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Oxidative Stress Promotes Corticosteroid Insensitivity in Asthma and COPD. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091335. [PMID: 34572965 PMCID: PMC8471691 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid insensitivity is a key characteristic of patients with severe asthma and COPD. These individuals experience greater pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation, which contribute to diminished lung function and frequent exacerbations despite the often and prolonged use of systemic, high dose corticosteroids. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) promote corticosteroid insensitivity by disrupting glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, leading to the sustained activation of pro-inflammatory pathways in immune and airway structural cells. Studies in asthma and COPD models suggest that corticosteroids need a balanced redox environment to be effective and to reduce airway inflammation. In this review, we discuss how oxidative stress contributes to corticosteroid insensitivity and the importance of optimizing endogenous antioxidant responses to enhance corticosteroid sensitivity. Future studies should aim to identify how antioxidant-based therapies can complement corticosteroids to reduce the need for prolonged high dose regimens in patients with severe asthma and COPD.
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11
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Rodriguez-Coira J, Villaseñor A, Izquierdo E, Huang M, Barker-Tejeda TC, Radzikowska U, Sokolowska M, Barber D. The Importance of Metabolism for Immune Homeostasis in Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692004. [PMID: 34394086 PMCID: PMC8355700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the metabolic status of T cells and macrophages is associated with severe phenotypes of chronic inflammation, including allergic inflammation. Metabolic changes in immune cells have a crucial role in their inflammatory or regulatory responses. This notion is reinforced by metabolic diseases influencing global energy metabolism, such as diabetes or obesity, which are known risk factors of severity in inflammatory conditions, due to the metabolic-associated inflammation present in these patients. Since several metabolic pathways are closely tied to T cell and macrophage differentiation, a better understanding of metabolic alterations in immune disorders could help to restore and modulate immune cell functions. This link between energy metabolism and inflammation can be studied employing animal, human or cellular models. Analytical approaches rank from classic immunological studies to integrated analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. This review summarizes the main metabolic pathways of the cells involved in the allergic reaction with a focus on T cells and macrophages and describes different models and platforms of analysis used to study the immune system and its relationship with metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodriguez-Coira
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mengting Huang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Tomás Clive Barker-Tejeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Hetzel M, Ackermann M, Lachmann N. Beyond "Big Eaters": The Versatile Role of Alveolar Macrophages in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3308. [PMID: 33804918 PMCID: PMC8036607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages act as immune scavengers and are important cell types in the homeostasis of various tissues. Given the multiple roles of macrophages, these cells can also be found as tissue resident macrophages tightly integrated into a variety of tissues in which they fulfill crucial and organ-specific functions. The lung harbors at least two macrophage populations: interstitial and alveolar macrophages, which occupy different niches and functions. In this review, we provide the latest insights into the multiple roles of alveolar macrophages while unraveling the distinct factors which can influence the ontogeny and function of these cells. Furthermore, we will highlight pulmonary diseases, which are associated with dysfunctional macrophages, concentrating on congenital diseases as well as pulmonary infections and impairment of immunological pathways. Moreover, we will provide an overview about different treatment approaches targeting macrophage dysfunction. Improved knowledge of the role of macrophages in the onset of pulmonary diseases may provide the basis for new pharmacological and/or cell-based immunotherapies and will extend our understanding to other macrophage-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hetzel
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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13
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Tocmo R, Parkin K. S-Alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in murine macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB pathway and modulation of thiol redox status. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:548-558. [PMID: 30342185 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Allium vegetable-derived metabolite, S-alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine (CySSR), has been reported to modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, the underlying mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships are not completely understood. We investigated the mechanistic basis of the protective effects of CySSR on pro-inflammatory responses involving redox/oxidative stress induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using RAW 264.7 cells. CySSR (R = allyl, "A" or 1-propenyl, "Pe") pre-treatments conferred concentration-dependent reductions in cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), NO production and iNOS (inducible nitric synthase) overexpression, and attenuated oxidant production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells where viability remained > 90%. These protective effects were manifested through inhibited activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via suppression of the IκB kinases (IKK) phosphorylation possibly by transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 or a kinase further upstream the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. The attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation by CySSRs was associated with enhanced levels of cellular cysteine (CySH) and glutathione (GSH) mediated by cellular import/reduction of CySSR and the induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), one of > 200 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulated proteins. The reduction of anti-inflammatory effect of CySSR following pretreatment of cells with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) implicates GSH having a major role in reducing inflammation, likely in the context of other Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes that scavenge H2O2 and peroxides using GSH as co-substrate. The anti-inflammatory effect of CySSPe was significantly greater than CySSA for almost all indicators measured, and cell metabolites of CySSRs may have a role in attenuating NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Restituto Tocmo
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Kirk Parkin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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14
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Kawayama T, Kinoshita T, Matsunaga K, Naito Y, Sasaki J, Tominaga Y, Hoshino T. Role of Regulatory T cells in Airway Inflammation in Asthma. Kurume Med J 2018; 64:45-55. [PMID: 29553094 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms6430001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an allergic disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), reversibility and remodeling. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are effective in many patients with asthma. However, ICS are a controlling, but not but curative treatment, and there are still many patients with refractory and difficult-to-treat asthma. The evaluation of airway inflammation by induced sputum, non-specific AHR by methacholine, and asthmatic reactions by specific allergen challenge techniques are useful not only to investigate the pathogenesis of asthma but also to help develop new drugs for asthma management. Interactions between inflammation and regulation, such as between regulatory T cells (Tregs), and AHR were investigated using these techniques. The phenotypes are Tregs characterized by expression of the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), which are potent mediators of dominant self-tolerance. Foxp3 and CTLA4 interact with each other. In patients with mild asthma, airway Tregs were decreased and airway eosinophilic inflammation was activated with accelerated AHR. Human asthmatic attack models by allergen challenge demonstrated that airway Tregs were decreased from the baseline with late asthmatic response (LAR) in patients with dual-responder asthma, and there was a significant correlation between change in airway Tregs and LAR. Airway Tregs were increased with escalation of interleukin-10 by ICS. The investigation of Tregs may lead to new strategies for management of asthma and other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Kawayama
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kinoshita
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuko Matsunaga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital
| | - Yoshiko Naito
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshikazu Tominaga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asakura Medical Association Hospital
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
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15
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Kulkarni N, Kantar A, Costella S, Ragazzo V, Piacentini G, Boner A, O'Callaghan C. Macrophage Phagocytosis and Allergen Avoidance in Children With Asthma. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:206. [PMID: 30116724 PMCID: PMC6082964 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Airway macrophages perform the crucial functions of presenting antigens, clearing pathogens, and apoptotic cells. Macrophage phagocytosis is increased in adults with mild asthma and allergen exposure is known to activate macrophages. However, it is not clear whether the mechanism behind this is due to a primary defect or environmental factors such as allergen or lipopolysaccaride (LPS) exposure. Our aim was to assess the phagocytic function of airway macrophages in children with mild to moderate asthma after residence in a low allergen\LPS environment at high altitude. Methods: Sputum induction was performed in children with asthma at baseline and after residence for a 3 weeks' period at a high-altitude asthma center that has very low ambient allergen levels. The markers of eosinophilic inflammation (including percentage of macrophage cytoplasm with red hue) and phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus by airway macrophages was analyzed. Internalized bacteria were quantified using confocal microscopy. Results: The median bacterial count [mean (standard deviation)] per macrophage was significantly lower [39.55 (4.51) vs. 73.26 (39.42) (p = 0.006)] after residence at high altitude. No association was observed between markers of eosinophilic inflammation and bacterial phagocytosis. Conclusions: The results suggest that the mechanism behind the enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria in childhood asthma may be secondary to allergen or possibly LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Kulkarni
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Cough and Asthma Center, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Costella
- High Altitude Paediatric Asthma Centre in Misurina, Pio XII Institute, Belluno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ragazzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Attilio Boner
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Kebir-Chelghoum H, Laraba-Djebari F. Cytotoxicity of Cerastes cerastes snake venom: Involvement of imbalanced redox status. Acta Trop 2017; 173:116-124. [PMID: 28606819 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Envenomation caused by Cerastes cerastes snake venom is characterized by a local and a systemic tissue damage due to myonecrosis, hemorrhage, edema and acute muscle damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the pro/anti-oxidants status and the cytotoxicity of C. cerastes snake venom. The in vivo cytotoxicity analysis was undertaken by the injection of C. cerastes venom (48μg/20g body weight) by i.p. route, mice were then sacrificed at 3, 24 and 48h post injection, organs were collected for further analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis was investigated on cultured PBMC, hepatocytes and isolated liver. The obtained results showed a significant cell infiltration characterized by a significant increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinoperoxidase (EPO) activities. These results showed also a potent oxidative activity of C. cerastes venom characterized by increased levels of residual nitrites and lipid peroxidation associated with a significant decrease of glutathione and catalase activity in sera and tissues (heart, lungs, liver and kidneys). The in vitro cytotoxicity of C. cerastes venom on PBMC seems to be dose-dependent (IC50 of 21μg/ml/106 cells) and correlated with an imbalanced redox status at high doses of venom. However, in the case of cultured hepatocytes, the LDH release and oxidative stress were observed only at high doses of the venom. The obtained results of in vivo study were confirmed by the culture of isolated liver. Therefore, these results suggest that the venom induces a direct cytotoxic effect which alters the membrane integrity causing a leakage of the cellular contents. This cytotoxic effect can lead indirectly to inflammatory response and oxidative stress. These data suggest that an early anti-inflammatory and antioxidant treatment could be useful in the management of envenomed victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayet Kebir-Chelghoum
- USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria.
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17
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Fitzpatrick AM. Severe Asthma in Children: Lessons Learned and Future Directions. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:11-9; quiz 20-1. [PMID: 26772923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe asthma in children is a complicated and heterogeneous disorder that is extremely challenging to treat. Although most children with asthma derive clinical benefit from daily administration of low-to-medium-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy, a small subset of children with "severe" or "refractory" asthma require high doses of ICS and even systemic corticosteroids to maintain symptom control. These children with severe asthma are at increased risk for adverse outcomes including medication-related side effects and recurrent and life-threatening exacerbations that significantly impair quality of life. This review highlights findings on severe asthma in school-age children (age 6-17 years) from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) over a 10-year period, between 2001 and 2011. Although SARP has advanced knowledge of the unique clinical, biological, and molecular attributes of severe asthma in children, considerable gaps remain for which additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Atlanta, Ga.
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18
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Park YH, Fitzpatrick AM, Medriano CA, Jones DP. High-resolution metabolomics to identify urine biomarkers in corticosteroid-resistant asthmatic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1518-1524.e4. [PMID: 27658760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroid (CS) treatment has been established as the first anti-inflammatory treatment for adults and children with asthma. However, a subset of patients fails to respond to combined systemic and inhaled CS treatment. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at further understanding CS resistance among children with severe asthma. METHODS High-resolution metabolomics was performed on urine samples from CS-respondent (n = 15) and CS-nonrespondent (n = 15) children to determine possible urine biomarkers related to CS resistance. The metabolic phenotypes of CS responders and CS nonresponders were analyzed using bioinformatics including Manhattan plot with false- discovery rate, hierarchical cluster analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes, and Mummichog pathway analysis. RESULTS The 2-way hierarchical cluster analysis study determined 30 metabolites showing significantly different levels between CS responders and CS nonresponders. The important metabolites annotated were 3,6-dihydronicotinic acid (126.05 m/z, RT: 106, [M+H]+), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl(ethylene)glycol (185.05 m/z, RT: 155, [M+H]+), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (198.07 m/z, RT: 446, [M+H]+), γ-glutamylcysteine (236.06 m/z, RT: 528, [M+S(34)+H]+), Cys-Gly, (253.06 m/z, RT: 528, [M-NH3+H]+), and reduced Flavin mononucleotide (517.0794 m/z, RT: 533, [M+NaCl]+). Tyrosine metabolism, degradation of aromatic compounds, and glutathione metabolism are suggested to be significant pathways relating to CS resistance. CONCLUSIONS High-resolution metabolomics is a promising approach in asthma research. Five candidate markers were identified to be related to CS-resistant children with severe asthma. These compounds, upon validation, may contribute further in the understanding of CS resistance among children with severe asthma through the use of urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngja H Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong City, Korea.
| | | | | | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
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19
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Liver-Specific Deletion of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10 Significantly Ameliorates Chronic EtOH-Induced Increases in Hepatocellular Damage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154152. [PMID: 27124661 PMCID: PMC4849752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is a significant contributor to global liver failure. In murine models, chronic ethanol consumption dysregulates PTEN/Akt signaling. Hepatospecific deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTENLKO) mice possess constitutive activation of Akt(s) and increased de novo lipogenesis resulting in increased hepatocellular steatosis. This makes PTENLKO a viable model to examine the effects of ethanol in an environment of preexisting steatosis. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of chronic ethanol consumption and the absence of PTEN (PTENLKO) compared to Alb-Cre control mice (PTENf/f) on hepatocellular damage as evidenced by changes in lipid accumulation, protein carbonylation and alanine amino transferase (ALT). In the control PTENf/f animals, ethanol significantly increased ALT, liver triglycerides and steatosis. In contrast, chronic ethanol consumption in PTENLKO mice decreased hepatocellular damage when compared to PTENLKO pair-fed controls. Consumption of ethanol elevated protein carbonylation in PTENf/f animals but had no effect in PTENLKO animals. In PTENLKO mice, overall hepatic mRNA expression of genes that contribute to GSH homeostasis as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations were significantly elevated compared to respective PTENf/f counterparts. These data indicate that during conditions of constitutive Akt activation and steatosis, increased GSH homeostasis assists in mitigation of ethanol-dependent induction of oxidative stress and hepatocellular damage. Furthermore, data herein suggest a divergence in EtOH-induced hepatocellular damage and increases in steatosis due to polyunsaturated fatty acids downstream of PTEN.
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20
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Airway oxidative stress causes vascular and hepatic inflammation via upregulation of IL-17A in a murine model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:173-182. [PMID: 26953647 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidants are generated in asthmatic airways due to infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes and resident cells in the lung. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical may leak into systemic circulation when generated in uncontrolled manner and may impact vasculature. Our previous studies have shown an association between airway inflammation and systemic inflammation; however so far none has investigated the impact of airway oxidative inflammation on hepatic oxidative stress and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine markers in liver/vasculature in a murine model of asthma. Therefore, this study investigated the contribution of oxidative stress encountered in asthmatic airways in modulation of systemic/hepatic Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines balance and hepatic oxidative stress. Mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with cockroach extract (CE) in the presence of aluminum hydroxide followed by several intranasal (i.n.) challenges with CE. Mice were then assessed for systemic/hepatic inflammation through assessment of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and oxidative stress (iNOS, protein nitrotyrosine, lipid peroxides and myeloperoxidase activity). Challenge with CE led to increased Th2/Th17 cytokines in blood/liver and hepatic oxidative stress. However, only Th17 related pro-inflammatory markers were upregulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhalation in vasculature and liver, whereas antioxidant treatment, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) downregulated them. Hepatic oxidative stress was also upregulated by H2O2 inhalation, whereas NAC attenuated it. Therefore, our study shows that airway oxidative inflammation may contribute to systemic inflammation through upregulation of Th17 immune responses in blood/liver and hepatic oxidative stress. This might predispose these patients to increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disorders.
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Hoffman S, Nolin J, McMillan D, Wouters E, Janssen-Heininger Y, Reynaert N. Thiol redox chemistry: role of protein cysteine oxidation and altered redox homeostasis in allergic inflammation and asthma. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:884-92. [PMID: 25565397 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a pulmonary disorder, with an estimated 300 million people affected worldwide. While it is thought that endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide, are important mediators of natural physiological processes, inflammatory cells recruited to the asthmatic airways have an exceptional capacity for producing a variety of highly reactive ROS and RNS believed to contribute to tissue damage and chronic airways inflammation. Antioxidant defense systems form a tightly regulated network that maintains the redox environment of the intra- as well as extracellular environment. Evidence for an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in asthmatic airways is demonstrated in a number of studies, revealing decreased total antioxidant capacity as well as lower levels of individual antioxidants. Thiols in the form of GSH and sulfhydryl groups of proteins are among the most susceptible oxidant-sensitive targets, and hence, studies investigating protein thiol redox modifications in biology and disease have emerged. This perspective offers an overview of the combined efforts aimed at the elucidation of mechanisms whereby cysteine oxidations contribute to chronic inflammation and asthma, as well as insights into potential cysteine thiol-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Hoffman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, Vermont
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22
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Severe asthma in school-age children: evaluation and phenotypic advances. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:20. [PMID: 26134431 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the majority of children with asthma have a favorable clinical response to treatment with low to moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), a small subset of children have "severe" asthma characterized by ongoing symptoms and airway inflammation despite treatment with high doses of ICS and even oral corticosteroids. Although there is symptom heterogeneity in the affected children, children with severe asthma share the risk for adverse outcomes, including recurrent and potentially life-threatening exacerbations, which contribute to substantial economic burden. This article reviews current knowledge of severe asthma in school-age children (age 6-17 years) with a focus on recent literature published after January 2012. Clinical management approaches for children with severe asthma are discussed as well as current phenotyping efforts and emerging phenotypic-directed therapies that may be of benefit for subpopulations of children with severe asthma in the future.
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8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1-driven DNA base excision repair: role in asthma pathogenesis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 15:89-97. [PMID: 25486379 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide both an overview and evidence of the potential cause of oxidative DNA base damage and repair signaling in chronic inflammation and histological changes associated with asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Asthma is initiated/maintained by immunological, genetic/epigenetic, and environmental factors. It is a world-wide health problem, as current therapies suppress symptoms rather than prevent/reverse the disease, largely due to gaps in understanding its molecular mechanisms. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage are inseparable phenomena, but their molecular roles in asthma pathogenesis are unclear. It was found that among oxidatively modified DNA bases, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most abundant, and its levels in DNA and body fluids are considered a biomarker of ongoing asthmatic processes. Free 8-oxoG forms a complex with 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase-1 and activates RAS-family GTPases that induce gene expression to mobilize innate and adaptive immune systems, along with genes regulating airway hyperplasia, hyper-responsiveness, and lung remodeling in atopic and nonatopic asthma. SUMMARY DNA's integrity must be maintained to prevent mutation, so its continuous repair and downstream signaling 'fuel' chronic inflammatory processes in asthma and form the basic mechanism whose elucidation will allow the development of new drug targets for the prevention/reversal of lung diseases.
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Vidal G A. [Use of inflammatory markers for monitoring paediatric asthma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:206-13. [PMID: 26363862 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of asthma control takes into account the symptoms, quality of life, lung function, and inflammatory markers. In the last few years, there has been a large increase in the number of publications related to the study of biomarkers in the management of paediatric asthma. Despite the large variety of inflammatory markers described in research studies, only a small group has shown to be useful in monitoring the disease. Induced sputum eosinophils offer the most solid evidence in assessing asthma control. Exhaled breath condensate and urinary leucotrienes could be useful in the future if there is standardisation in their procedures and interpretation of the results. Nitric oxide, basic eosinophil cationic protein, and bronchial biopsy with bronchoalveolar lavage, only appeared to be useful in a reduced group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vidal G
- Pediatra, Broncopulmonar, Departamento de Pediatría, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
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Guilbert TW, Bacharier LB, Fitzpatrick AM. Severe asthma in children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2015; 2:489-500. [PMID: 25213041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma in children is characterized by sustained symptoms despite treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids or oral corticosteroids. Children with severe asthma may fall into 2 categories, difficult-to-treat asthma or severe therapy-resistant asthma. Difficult-to-treat asthma is defined as poor control due to an incorrect diagnosis or comorbidities, or poor adherence due to adverse psychological or environmental factors. In contrast, treatment resistant is defined as difficult asthma despite management of these factors. It is increasingly recognized that severe asthma is a highly heterogeneous disorder associated with a number of clinical and inflammatory phenotypes that have been described in children with severe asthma. Guideline-based drug therapy of severe childhood asthma is based primarily on extrapolated data from adult studies. The recommendation is that children with severe asthma be treated with higher-dose inhaled or oral corticosteroids combined with long-acting β-agonists and other add-on therapies, such as antileukotrienes and methylxanthines. It is important to identify and address the influences that make asthma difficult to control, including reviewing the diagnosis and removing causal or aggravating factors. Better definition of the phenotypes and better targeting of therapy based upon individual patient phenotypes is likely to improve asthma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W Guilbert
- Division of Pulmonology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
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Al-Harbi NO, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Imam F, Al-Shabanah OA, Ahmad SF, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Bahashwan SA. Oxidative airway inflammation leads to systemic and vascular oxidative stress in a murine model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:237-45. [PMID: 25843257 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance plays an important role in repeated cycles of airway inflammation observed in asthma. It is when reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm antioxidant defenses that a severe inflammatory state becomes apparent and may impact vasculature. Several studies have shown an association between airway inflammation and cardiovascular complications; however so far none has investigated the link between airway oxidative stress and systemic/vascular oxidative stress in a murine model of asthma. Therefore, this study investigated the contribution of oxidative stress encountered in asthmatic airways in modulation of vascular/systemic oxidant-antioxidant balance. Rats were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of aluminum hydroxide followed by several intranasal (i.n.) challenges with OVA. Rats were then assessed for airway and vascular inflammation, oxidative stress (ROS, lipid peroxides) and antioxidants measured as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and thiol content. Challenge with OVA led to increased airway inflammation and oxidative stress with a concomitant increase in vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in the vasculature was significantly inhibited by antioxidant treatment, N-acetyl cysteine; whereas hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhalation worsened it. Therefore, our study shows that oxidative airway inflammation is associated with vascular/systemic oxidative stress which might predispose these patients to increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed M Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Imam
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Al-Shabanah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bahashwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Stephenson ST, Brown LAS, Helms MN, Qu H, Brown SD, Brown MR, Fitzpatrick AM. Cysteine oxidation impairs systemic glucocorticoid responsiveness in children with difficult-to-treat asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:454-61.e9. [PMID: 25748343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid responsiveness are largely unknown. Although redox regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been reported, it has not been studied in asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVE We characterized systemic cysteine oxidation and its association with inflammatory and clinical features in healthy children and children with difficult-to-treat asthma. We hypothesized that cysteine oxidation would be associated with increased markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, increased features of asthma severity, decreased clinically defined glucocorticoid responsiveness, and impaired GR function. METHODS PBMCs were collected from healthy children (n = 16) and children with asthma (n = 118) aged 6 to 17 years. Children with difficult-to-treat asthma underwent glucocorticoid responsiveness testing with intramuscular triamcinolone. Cysteine, cystine, and inflammatory chemokines and reactive oxygen species generation were quantified, and expression and activity of the GR were assessed. RESULTS Cysteine oxidation was present in children with difficult-to-treat asthma and accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species generation and increased CCL3 and CXCL1 mRNA expression. Children with the greatest extent of cysteine oxidation had more features of asthma severity, including poorer symptom control, greater medication use, and less glucocorticoid responsiveness despite inhaled glucocorticoid therapy. Cysteine oxidation also modified the GR protein by decreasing available sulfhydryl groups and decreasing nuclear GR expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS A highly oxidized cysteine redox state promotes a posttranslational modification of the GR that might inhibit its function. Given that cysteine oxidation is prevalent in children with difficult-to-treat asthma, the cysteine redox state might represent a potential therapeutic target for restoration of glucocorticoid responsiveness in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lou Ann S Brown
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Atlanta, Ga
| | - My N Helms
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | - Milton R Brown
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Atlanta, Ga.
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Deficiency of the two-pore-domain potassium channel TREK-1 promotes hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e692-701. [PMID: 25126877 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously reported the expression of the two-pore-domain K channel TREK-1 in lung epithelial cells and proposed a role for this channel in the regulation of alveolar epithelial cytokine secretion. In this study, we focused on investigating the role of TREK-1 in vivo in the development of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. DESIGN Laboratory animal experiments. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Wild-type and TREK-1-deficient mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice were anesthetized and exposed to 1) room air, no mechanical ventilation, 2) 95% hyperoxia for 24 hours, and 3) 95% hyperoxia for 24 hours followed by mechanical ventilation for 4 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hyperoxia exposure accentuated lung injury in TREK-1-deficient mice but not controls, resulting in increase in lung injury scores, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers, and cellular apoptosis and a decrease in quasi-static lung compliance. Exposure to a combination of hyperoxia and injurious mechanical ventilation resulted in further morphological lung damage and increased lung injury scores and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers in control but not TREK-1-deficient mice. At baseline and after hyperoxia exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine levels were unchanged in TREK-1-deficient mice compared with controls. Exposure to hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation resulted in an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in both mouse types, but the increase in interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels was less prominent in TREK-1-deficient mice than in controls. Lung tissue macrophage inflammatory protein-2, keratinocyte-derived cytokine, and interleukin-1β gene expression was not altered by hyperoxia in TREK-1-deficient mice compared with controls. Furthermore, we show for the first time TREK-1 expression on alveolar macrophages and unimpaired tumor necrosis factor-α secretion from TREK-1-deficient macrophages. CONCLUSIONS TREK-1 deficiency resulted in increased sensitivity of lungs to hyperoxia, but this effect is less prominent if overwhelming injury is induced by the combination of hyperoxia and injurious mechanical ventilation. TREK-1 may constitute a new potential target for the development of novel treatment strategies against hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
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Polosukhin VV, Polosukhin IV, Hoskins A, Han W, Abdolrasulnia R, Blackwell TS, Dworski R. Glutathione S-transferase M1 modulates allergen-induced NF-κB activation in asthmatic airway epithelium. Allergy 2014; 69:1666-72. [PMID: 25118837 DOI: 10.1111/all.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) is a phase II enzyme and regulator of inflammatory signaling in airway epithelial cells. We have found upregulation of neutrophilic airway inflammation in atopic asthmatics expressing GSTM1 gene (GSTM1+) compared to GSTM1null asthmatics. We hypothesized that GSTM1 modulates NF-κB activation in bronchial epithelium in atopic asthmatics. We determined regulation of allergen-induced NF-κB activation in bronchial epithelium by GSTM1 in human atopic asthmatics in vivo. METHODS Endobronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from 13 GSTM1+ and 12 GSTM1null human atopic asthmatics at baseline and 24 h after segmental allergen challenge. A quantitative analysis of NF-κB activation in airway epithelium was accomplished using a polyclonal antibody against the phosphorylated p65 component of NF-κB. Elastase-positive neutrophils in the bronchial wall were quantified. RESULTS Postallergen neutrophilia in airway subepithelium and epithelial lining fluid was greater in GSTM1+ compared to GSTM1null asthmatics. Airway eosinophilia was similar in GSTM1+ and GSTM1null asthmatics. Allergen-provoked NF-κB induction in bronchial epithelium was significantly greater in GSTM1+ compared to GSTM1null asthmatics. Activation of NF-κB activation in airway epithelial cells correlated with interleukin-8 concentrations and absolute neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in GSTM1+ but not GSTM1null asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS Allergen-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in GSTM1+ asthmatics is associated with NF-κB activation in airway epithelial cells in vivo. These novel data provide a potential mechanism of the genomic link between GSTM1 polymorphism and airway neutrophilia in atopic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN USA
| | - I. V. Polosukhin
- The Vanderbilt Center for Science Outreach; Research Experience for High School Students; Nashville TN USA
| | - A. Hoskins
- Division of Allergy; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN USA
| | - W. Han
- Division of Allergy; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN USA
| | - R. Abdolrasulnia
- Division of Allergy; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN USA
| | - T. S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN USA
| | - R. Dworski
- Division of Allergy; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN USA
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30
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Podjasek JC, Jung JA, Kita H, Park MA, Juhn YJ. The FACT score in predicting pneumococcal antibody levels in asthmatics. J Asthma 2014; 52:370-5. [PMID: 25329680 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.974815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no measure currently available to identify asthmatics with potential immune incompetence. OBJECTIVE We propose use of a novel scoring system called the FACT score, which is formulated based on four parameters: (1) Family history of asthma, (2) Atopic conditions, (3) Bacterial colonization and (4) Th1 versus Th2 immune profile. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 16 asthmatics and 14 non-asthmatics. The first two parameters of the FACT score were obtained via a chart review and interview. For the third parameter, nasopharyngeal swab samples were cultured. The ratio of interleukin-5 to interferon-gamma for each patient was measured by peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with house dust mite. Antibodies to 23 pneumococcal antigens were used for humoral immunity. RESULTS The FACT scores for asthmatics (mean ± SD: 5.2 ± 1.87) were higher than those for non-asthmatics (mean ± SD: 3.3 ± 1.5) (p = 0.008). Of the 16 asthmatics, 7 (44%) had 12 or more positive serotype-specific polysaccharide antibodies, whereas 12 of 14 (86%) of non-asthmatics subjects had 12 or more positive serotype-specific polysaccharide antibodies (p = 0.014). Overall, the FACT score was inversely correlated with the number of positive serotype-specific antibody levels [rho (ρ) = -0.38, p = 0.04]. The proportions of subjects with 12 or more positive serotype-specific antibodies among non-asthmatics and asthmatics below and above the median of the FACT scores were 86, 50 and 38%, respectively (p = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS The FACT score may help us identify a subset of asthmatics with immune incompetence. Study findings need to be replicated in a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C Podjasek
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA
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Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Alharbi NO, Alharbi MM. Airway and systemic oxidant-antioxidant dysregulation in asthma: A possible scenario of oxidants spill over from lung into blood. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pavlovski CJ. Efficacy of screening immune system function in at-risk newborns. Australas Med J 2014; 7:272-84. [PMID: 25157267 PMCID: PMC4127958 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2014.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the introduction of a screening test to highlight impaired immune system status for newborn infants and its efficacy as a preventative clinical measure. Moreover, it is suggested that screening of the infantile immune system has the potential to highlight susceptibility to a range of infant and childhood diseases, bestowing an opportunity to introduce early intervention to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Development of the neonatal immune system is an important health issue, implicated in many childhood problems such as allergies, infection, and autoimmunity. The neonate has a limited immune system and ability to combat bacteria. Depleted levels of the tripeptide reduced glutathione (GSH) have been linked to numerous conditions and its intracellular level is acknowledged as an indicator of immune system function. Introduction of an immune system screening programme for infants is formally reviewed and assessed. Several benefits are reported in the treatment of impaired immune systems, a trial screening programme is proposed for at-risk infants to gather further evidence as to its efficacy. Infants at risk of impaired immune system function include cystic fibrosis, premature infants, and low birth weight infants. The interventions include breastfeeding, milk banks, and appropriate formula to support the immune system.
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Radhakrishnan D, Yamashita C, Gillio-Meina C, Fraser DD. Translational research in pediatrics III: bronchoalveolar lavage. Pediatrics 2014; 134:135-54. [PMID: 24982109 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the care of children with airway and pulmonary diseases is well established, with collected BAL fluid most often used clinically for microbiologic pathogen identification and cellular analyses. More recently, powerful analytic research methods have been used to investigate BAL samples to better understand the pathophysiological basis of pediatric respiratory disease. Investigations have focused on the cellular components contained in BAL fluid, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells, as well as the noncellular components such as serum molecules, inflammatory proteins, and surfactant. Molecular techniques are frequently used to investigate BAL fluid for the presence of infectious pathologies and for cellular gene expression. Recent advances in proteomics allow identification of multiple protein expression patterns linked to specific respiratory diseases, whereas newer analytic techniques allow for investigations on surfactant quantification and function. These translational research studies on BAL fluid have aided our understanding of pulmonary inflammation and the injury/repair responses in children. We review the ethics and practices for the execution of BAL in children for translational research purposes, with an emphasis on the optimal handling and processing of BAL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhenuka Radhakrishnan
- Departments of Pediatrics,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory Yamashita
- Medicine,Centre for Critical Illness Research, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; andPhysiology and Pharmacology, and
| | | | - Douglas D Fraser
- Departments of Pediatrics,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada;Centre for Critical Illness Research, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; andPhysiology and Pharmacology, andClinical Neurologic Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;Translational Research Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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Acute glutathione depletion leads to enhancement of airway reactivity and inflammation via p38MAPK-iNOS pathway in allergic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:222-9. [PMID: 24978607 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays a major role in allergic airway responses through a variety of mechanism which include direct scavenging of oxidative species, being a reducing equivalent and regulation of cellular signaling through redox sensitive mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of acute GSH depletion on airway reactivity, inflammation and NO signaling in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase was used for depletion of GSH levels. Acute depletion of GSH with BSO worsened allergen induced airway reactivity and inflammation through increase in nitrosative stress as reflected by increased inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, total nitrates and nitrites (NOx), nitrotyrosine, protein carbonyls, and decreased total antioxidant capacity. Treatment with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and iNOS inhibitors attenuated the effects of GSH depletion on airway reactivity and inflammation through attenuation of nitrosative stress as evidenced by a decrease in NOx, nitrotyrosine, protein carbonyls and increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In conclusion, these data suggest that acute depletion of glutathione is associated with alteration of airway responses through an increase in nitrosative stress in allergic airways of mice.
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35
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Fitzpatrick AM, Park Y, Brown LAS, Jones DP. Children with severe asthma have unique oxidative stress-associated metabolomic profiles. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:258-61.e1-8. [PMID: 24369802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, Ga.
| | - Youngja Park
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Seong, Korea
| | - Lou Ann S Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
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Abstract
This article discusses the use of an integrative approach in the evaluation and management of the voice. The article begins with a look at the larynx and antioxidant therapy, followed by methods to relieve the pain associated with myofacial trigger points, and the herbs and supplements that can be used by vocalists to replace conventional medications in allergies and reflux. The article concludes with a reminder of the reasons why many vocalists turn to complementary and integrative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Asher
- Private Practice, Asher Integrative Ear, Nose, and Throat, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Deficient glutathione in the pathophysiology of mycotoxin-related illness. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:608-23. [PMID: 24517907 PMCID: PMC3942754 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6020608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of mycotoxin-related illness is increasing. The glutathione antioxidant and detoxification systems play a major role in the antioxidant function of cells. Exposure to mycotoxins in humans requires the production of glutathione on an “as needed” basis. Research suggests that mycotoxins can decrease the formation of glutathione due to decreased gene expression of the enzymes needed to form glutathione. Mycotoxin-related compromise of glutathione production can result in an excess of oxidative stress that leads to tissue damage and systemic illness. The review discusses the mechanisms by which mycotoxin-related deficiency of glutathione may lead to both acute and chronic illnesses.
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Rosso MI, Roark S, Taylor E, Ping X, Ward JM, Roche K, McCracken C, Brown LAS, Gauthier TW. Exhaled breath condensate in intubated neonates--a window into the lung's glutathione status. Respir Res 2014; 15:1. [PMID: 24397246 PMCID: PMC3890556 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of exhaled breath condensates (EBC) is a non-invasive technique to evaluate biomarkers such as antioxidants in the pediatric population, but limited data exists of its use in intubated patients, particularly newborns. Currently, tracheal aspirate (TA) serves as the gold standard collection modality in critically ill newborns, but this method remains invasive. We tested the hypothesis that glutathione status would positively correlate between EBC and TA collections in intubated newborns in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU). We also hypothesized that these measurements would be associated with alveolar macrophage (AM) glutathione status in the newborn lung. METHODS Reduced glutathione (rGSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and total GSH (rGSH + (2 X GSSG)) were measured in sequential EBC and TA samples from 26 intubated newborns via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, AM glutathione was evaluated via immunofluorescence. Pearson's correlation coefficient and associated 95% confidence intervals were used to quantify the associations between raw and urea-corrected concentrations in EBC and TA samples and AM staining. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05 using two-tailed tests. The sample size was projected to allow for a correlation coefficient of 0.5, with 0.8 power and alpha of 0.05. RESULTS EBC was obtainable from intubated newborns without adverse clinical events. EBC samples demonstrated moderate to strong positive correlations with TA samples in terms of rGSH, GSSG and total GSH. Positive correlations between the two sampling sites were observed in both raw and urea-corrected concentrations of rGSH, GSSG and total GSH. AM glutathione staining moderately correlated with GSSG and total GSH status in both the TA and EBC. CONCLUSIONS GSH status in EBC samples of intubated newborns significantly correlated with the GSH status of the TA sample and was reflective of cellular GSH status in this cohort of neonatal patients. Non-invasive EBC sampling of intubated newborns holds promise for monitoring antioxidant status such as GSH in the premature lung. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential relationships between EBC biomarkers in the intubated premature newborn and respiratory morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Theresa W Gauthier
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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40
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Gomez E, Morris CR. Asthma management in sickle cell disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:604140. [PMID: 24324967 PMCID: PMC3842053 DOI: 10.1155/2013/604140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common comorbid factor in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the incidence of asthma in SCD is much higher than expected compared to rates in the general population. Whether "asthma" in SCD is purely related to genetic and environmental factors or rather is the consequence of the underlying hemolytic and inflammatory state is a topic of recent debate. Regardless of the etiology, hypoxemia induced by bronchoconstriction and inflammation associated with asthma exacerbations will contribute to a cycle of sickling and subsequent complications of SCD. Recent studies confirm that asthma predisposes to complications of SCD such as pain crises, acute chest syndrome, and stroke and is associated with increased mortality. Early recognition and aggressive standard of care management of asthma may prevent serious pulmonary complications and reduce mortality. However, data regarding the management of asthma in SCD is very limited. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of current asthma therapy in patients with SCD and coincident asthma, while mechanistic studies are needed to delineate the underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Gomez
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Claudia R. Morris
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1645 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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41
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Gibeon D, Zhu J, Sogbesan A, Banya W, Rossios C, Saito J, Rocha JP, Hull JH, Menzies-Gow AN, Bhavsar PK, Chung KF. Lipid-laden bronchoalveolar macrophages in asthma and chronic cough. Respir Med 2013; 108:71-7. [PMID: 24172051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of lipids in alveolar macrophages (AMs) may impair their phagocytic response, and determine airway inflammation and obstruction. OBJECTIVE To determine the factors such as severity of asthma, chronic cough, airway inflammation and obesity that may influence the presence of lipids in lung macrophages. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from 38 asthmatics (21 severe and 17 mild/moderate), 16 subjects with chronic cough and 11 healthy control subjects. The presence of lipids in macrophages was detected using an Oil-red-O stain and an index of lipid-laden macrophages (LLMI) was obtained. RESULTS LLMI scores were higher in healthy subjects (median 48 [IQR 10-61]) and the severe asthma group (37 [11.5-61]) compared to mild/moderate asthmatics (7 [0.5-37]; p < 0.05 each). Subjects reporting a history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) had higher LLMI values (41.5 [11.3-138] versus 13 [0-39.3], p = 0.02). There was no significant correlation between LLMI and chronic cough, BAL cell differential counts, FEV1, FEV1/FVC or body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSIONS The reduced LLMI in mild/moderate asthma may be related to lower incidence of GORD. However, this was not related to the degree of airflow obstruction, obesity or airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gibeon
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - J Zhu
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Sogbesan
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - W Banya
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Rossios
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Saito
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J P Rocha
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J H Hull
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A N Menzies-Gow
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - P K Bhavsar
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K F Chung
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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42
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The role of macrophages in obstructive airways disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Cytokine 2013; 64:613-25. [PMID: 24084332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a major cellular component of the innate immune system, and play an important role in the recognition of microbes, particulates, and immunogens and to the regulation of inflammatory responses. In the lung, macrophages react with soluble proteins that bind microbial products in order to remove pathogens and particles and to maintain the sterility of the airway tract. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are both obstructive airway diseases that involve chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract which contributes to disease progression. In the case of COPD, there is increasing evidence that lung macrophages orchestrate inflammation through the release of chemokines that attract neutrophils, monocytes and T cells and the release of several proteases. On the other hand, in asthma, it seems that alveolar macrophages are inappropriately activated and are implicated in the development and progression of the disease. In this review we summarize the current basic and clinical research studies which highlight the role of macrophages in asthma and COPD.
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Fernandez-Boyanapalli R, Goleva E, Kolakowski C, Min E, Day B, Leung DYM, Riches DWH, Bratton DL, Sutherland ER. Obesity impairs apoptotic cell clearance in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1041-7, 1047.e1-3. [PMID: 23154082 PMCID: PMC4190068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma in obese adults is typically more severe and less responsive to glucocorticoids than asthma in nonobese adults. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether the clearance of apoptotic inflammatory cells (efferocytosis) by airway macrophages was associated with altered inflammation and reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity in obese asthmatic patients. METHODS We investigated the relationship of efferocytosis by airway (induced sputum) macrophages and blood monocytes to markers of monocyte programming, in vitro glucocorticoid response, and systemic oxidative stress in a cohort of adults with persistent asthma. RESULTS Efferocytosis by airway macrophages was assessed in obese (n=14) and nonobese (n=19) asthmatic patients. Efferocytosis by macrophages was 40% lower in obese than nonobese subjects, with a mean efferocytic index of 1.77 (SD, 1.07) versus 3.00 (SD, 1.25; P<.01). A similar reduction of efferocytic function was observed in blood monocytes of obese participants. In these monocytes there was also a relative decrease in expression of markers of alternative (M2) programming associated with efferocytosis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ and CX3 chemokine receptor 1. Macrophage efferocytic index was significantly correlated with dexamethasone-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 expression (ρ=0.46, P<.02) and baseline glucocorticoid receptor α expression (ρ=0.44, P<.02) in PBMCs. Plasma 4-hydroxynonenal levels were increased in obese asthmatic patients at 0.33 ng/mL (SD, 0.15 ng/mL) versus 0.16 ng/mL (SD, 0.08 ng/mL) in nonobese patients (P=.006) and was inversely correlated with macrophage efferocytic index (ρ=-0.67, P=.02). CONCLUSIONS Asthma in obese adults is associated with impaired macrophage/monocyte efferocytosis. Impairment of this anti-inflammatory process is associated with altered monocyte/macrophage programming, reduced glucocorticoid responsiveness, and systemic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Elysia Min
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Brian Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Donald Y. M. Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - David W. H. Riches
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - E. Rand Sutherland
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
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Guo CH, Chen PC, Hsia S, Hsu GSW, Liu PJ. The relationship of plasma aluminum to oxidant-antioxidant and inflammation status in asthma patients. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 35:30-38. [PMID: 23228705 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a non-essential mineral which human beings are exposed to on day-to-day life. The purpose of this study was to assess the concentrations of plasma Al and the relationship of those levels with risk factors for asthma. In total, 27 allergic asthmatics and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Plasma Al and selected blood parameters were measured, and a pulmonary function test was performed. Higher Al concentrations were found in the asthmatics than the healthy controls. Increased immunoglobulin E, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation products, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin [IL]-4) were observed, but IL-10 and overall antioxidant and enzyme activities were lower. Associations between oxidative-antioxidant status and inflammatory markers with plasma Al levels in asthmatics were noted. Al status was also linked to cytokine concentrations and pulmonary function. In conclusion, abnormal Al distribution may further precipitate oxidative stress and inflammation, alter Th1/Th2 lymphocyte balance, and therefore contribute to the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Guo
- Micro-Nutrition Lab, Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, ROC
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James KM, Peebles RS, Hartert TV. Response to infections in patients with asthma and atopic disease: an epiphenomenon or reflection of host susceptibility? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:343-51. [PMID: 22846746 PMCID: PMC3410318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Associations between respiratory tract infections and asthma inception and exacerbations are well established. Infant respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections are known to be associated with an increased risk of asthma development, and among children with prevalent asthma, 85% of asthma exacerbations are associated with viral infections. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. Is the increase in severity of infections an epiphenomenon, meaning respiratory tract infections just appear to be more severe in patients with underlying respiratory disease, or instead a reflection of altered host susceptibility among persons with asthma and atopic disease? The main focus of this review is to summarize the available levels of evidence supporting or refuting the notion that patients with asthma or atopic disease have an altered susceptibility to selected pathogens, as well as discussing the biological mechanism or mechanisms that might explain such associations. Finally, we will outline areas in need of further research because understanding the relationships between infections and asthma has important implications for asthma prevention and treatment, including potential new pathways that might target the host immune response to select pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M James
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-8300, USA
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46
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Poon AH, Eidelman DH, Martin JG, Laprise C, Hamid Q. Pathogenesis of severe asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:625-37. [PMID: 22515387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.03983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with severe asthma have asthma symptoms which are difficult to control, require high dosages of medication, and continue to experience persistent symptoms, asthma exacerbations or airflow obstruction. Epidemiological and clinical evidences point to the fact that severe asthma is not a single phenotype. Cluster analyses have identified subclasses of severe asthma using parameters such as patient characteristics, and cytokine profiles have also been useful in classifying moderate and severe asthma. The IL-4/IL-13 signalling pathway accounts for the symptoms experienced by a subset of severe asthmatics with allergen-associated symptoms and high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and these patients are generally responsive to anti-IgE treatment. The IL-5/IL-33 signalling pathway is likely to play a key role in the disease pathogenesis of those who are resistant to high doses of inhaled corticosteroid but responsive to systemic corticosteroids and anti-IL5 therapy. The IL-17 signalling pathway is thought to contribute to 'neutrophilic asthma'. Although traditionally viewed as players in the defence mechanism against viral and intracellular bacterial infection, mounting evidence supports a role for Th1 cytokines such as IL-18 and IFN-γ in severe asthma pathogenesis. Furthermore, these cytokine signalling pathways interact to contribute to the spectrum of clinical pathological outcomes in severe asthma. To date, glucocorticoids are the most effective anti-asthma drugs available, yet severe asthma patients are typically resistant to the effects of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction and histone deacetylase activity reduction are likely to contribute to glucocorticoid resistance in severe asthma patients. This review discusses recent development in different cytokine signalling pathways, their interactions and steroid resistance, in the context of severe asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Poon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ho WE, Cheng C, Peh HY, Xu F, Tannenbaum SR, Ong CN, Wong WSF. Anti-malarial drug artesunate ameliorates oxidative lung damage in experimental allergic asthma. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:498-507. [PMID: 22634146 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical pathophysiological factor in the development of allergic airway inflammation, resulting in oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Our recent report revealed potent anti-inflammatory effects of the antimalarial drug artesunate in experimental allergic asthma. The present study investigated potential antioxidative effects of artesunate in a murine model of allergic asthma in comparison with dexamethasone, a potent corticosteroid. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and developed airway inflammation and oxidative lung damage. Artesunate markedly suppressed ovalbumin-induced increases in total cell, eosinophil, and neutrophil counts. In contrast, dexamethasone failed to inhibit neutrophil recruitment. Levels of the oxidative damage markers 8-isoprostane, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine were potently repressed by artesunate. However, dexamethasone showed weaker inhibitory effects on 3-nitrotyrosine production. Ovalbumin-induced increases in the expression of the pro-oxidants iNOS and NADPH oxidase (NOX1, 2, 3, and 4) were significantly abated by artesunate. Gene expression of regulatory subunits of NOX, p22phox and p67phox, was also reduced by artesunate. The expression and activities of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase and catalase were substantially reversed with artesunate in ovalbumin-challenged mice. Artesunate significantly enhanced nuclear levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in lung tissues from ovalbumin-challenged mice and in TNF-α-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells. Our findings implicate a potential therapeutic value for artesunate in the treatment of asthma via the amelioration of oxidative damage in allergic airways, and it may act by suppressing pro-oxidants and restoring the activities and expression of antioxidants via activation of Nrf2. Artesunate may be a potential novel anti-asthma drug capable of controlling both inflammation and oxidative damage in chronic severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxing Eugene Ho
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore
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48
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Fitzpatrick AM, Jones DP, Brown LAS. Glutathione redox control of asthma: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:375-408. [PMID: 22304503 PMCID: PMC3353819 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with airway hyper-responsiveness and airflow limitation in response to specific triggers. Whereas inflammation is important for tissue regeneration and wound healing, the profound and sustained inflammatory response associated with asthma may result in airway remodeling that involves smooth muscle hypertrophy, epithelial goblet-cell hyperplasia, and permanent deposition of airway extracellular matrix proteins. Although the specific mechanisms responsible for asthma are still being unraveled, free radicals such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are important mediators of airway tissue damage that are increased in subjects with asthma. There is also a growing body of literature implicating disturbances in oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions and impaired antioxidant defenses as a risk factor for asthma development and asthma severity. Ultimately, these redox-related perturbations result in a vicious cycle of airway inflammation and injury that is not always amenable to current asthma therapy, particularly in cases of severe asthma. This review will discuss disruptions of redox signaling and control in asthma with a focus on the thiol, glutathione, and reduced (thiol) form (GSH). First, GSH synthesis, GSH distribution, and GSH function and homeostasis are discussed. We then review the literature related to GSH redox balance in health and asthma, with an emphasis on human studies. Finally, therapeutic opportunities to restore the GSH redox balance in subjects with asthma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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49
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Severe asthma in childhood: recent advances in phenotyping and pathogenesis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:193-201. [PMID: 22249197 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32835090ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Children with severe asthma have a high degree of respiratory morbidity despite treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and are therefore very difficult to treat. This review will discuss phenotypic and pathogenic aspects of severe asthma in childhood, as well as remaining knowledge gaps. RECENT FINDINGS As a group, children with severe asthma have a number of distinct phenotypic features compared with children with mild-to-moderate asthma. Clinically, children with severe asthma are differentiated by greater allergic sensitization, increased exhaled nitric oxide, and significant airflow limitation and air trapping that worsens as a function of age. These findings are accompanied by structural airway changes and increased and dysregulated airway inflammation and oxidant stress which may explain the differential nature of corticosteroid responsiveness in this population. Because children with severe asthma themselves are a heterogeneous group, current efforts are focused on improved definition and sub-phenotyping of the disorder. Whereas the clinical relevance of phenotyping approaches in severe asthma is not yet clear, they may provide important insight into the mechanisms underlying the disorder. SUMMARY Improved classification of severe asthma through unified definitions, careful phenotypic analyses, and mechanism-focused endotyping approaches may ultimately advance knowledge and personalized treatment.
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50
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Ji H, Khurana Hershey GK. Genetic and epigenetic influence on the response to environmental particulate matter. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:33-41. [PMID: 22196522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution, including particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants, represents important environmental exposures that adversely affect human health. Because of their heritable and reversible nature, epigenetic modifications provide a plausible link between the environment and alterations in gene expression that might lead to disease. Epidemiologic evidence supports that environmental exposures in childhood affect susceptibility to disease later in life, supporting the belief that epigenetic changes can affect ongoing development and promote disease long after the environmental exposure has ceased. Indeed, allergic disorders often have their roots in early childhood, and early exposure to PM has been strongly associated with the subsequent development of asthma. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of responses to ambient air pollutants, specifically respirable PM, and their association with the development of allergic disorders. Understanding these epigenetic biomarkers and how they integrate with genetic influences to translate the biologic effect of particulate exposure is critical to developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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