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White P, Ranasinghe S, Chen J, Van de Looij Y, Sizonenko S, Prasad J, Berry M, Bennet L, Gunn A, Dean J. Comparative utility of MRI and EEG for early detection of cortical dysmaturation after postnatal systemic inflammation in the neonatal rat. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:104-118. [PMID: 39043347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to postnatal systemic inflammation is associated with increased risk of brain injury in preterm infants, leading to impaired maturation of the cerebral cortex and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the optimal method for identifying cortical dysmaturation is unclear. Herein, we compared the utility of electroencephalography (EEG), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) at different recovery times after systemic inflammation in newborn rats. METHODS Sprague Dawley rat pups of both sexes received single-daily lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.3 mg/kg i.p.; n = 51) or saline (n = 55) injections on postnatal days (P)1, 2, and 3. A subset of these animals were implanted with EEG electrodes. Cortical EEG was recorded for 30 min from unanesthetized, unrestrained pups at P7, P14, and P21, and in separate groups, brain tissues were collected at these ages for ex-vivo MRI analysis (9.4 T) and Golgi-Cox staining (to assess neuronal morphology) in the motor cortex. RESULTS Postnatal inflammation was associated with reduced cortical pyramidal neuron arborization from P7, P14, and P21. These changes were associated with dysmature EEG features (e.g., persistence of delta waveforms, higher EEG amplitude, reduced spectral edge frequency) at P7 and P14, and higher EEG power in the theta and alpha ranges at P21. By contrast, there were no changes in cortical DTI or NODDI in LPS rats at P7 or P14, while there was an increase in cortical fractional anisotropy (FA) and decrease in orientation dispersion index (ODI) at P21. CONCLUSIONS EEG may be useful for identifying the early evolution of impaired cortical development after early life postnatal systemic inflammation, while DTI and NODDI seem to be more suited to assessing established cortical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra White
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Joseph Chen
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yohan Van de Looij
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Lausanne Federal Polytechnic School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jaya Prasad
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mary Berry
- University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Justin Dean
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Yuan I, Georgostathi G, Zhang B, Hodges A, Kurth CD, Kirschen MP, Huh JW, Topjian AA, Lang SS, Richter A, Abend NS, Massey SL. Quantitative electroencephalogram in term neonates under different sleep states. J Clin Monit Comput 2024; 38:591-602. [PMID: 37851153 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-023-01082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to assess depth of consciousness, but interpreting EEG can be challenging, especially in neonates whose EEG undergo rapid changes during the perinatal course. EEG can be processed into quantitative EEG (QEEG), but limited data exist on the range of QEEG for normal term neonates during wakefulness and sleep, baseline information that would be useful to determine changes during sedation or anesthesia. We aimed to determine the range of QEEG in neonates during awake, active sleep and quiet sleep states, and identified the ones best at discriminating between the three states. Normal neonatal EEG from 37 to 46 weeks were analyzed and classified as awake, quiet sleep, or active sleep. After processing and artifact removal, total power, power ratio, coherence, entropy, and spectral edge frequency (SEF) 50 and 90 were calculated. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the QEEG in each of the three states. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess discriminatory ability of QEEG. 30 neonates were analyzed. QEEG were different between awake vs asleep states, but similar between active vs quiet sleep states. Entropy beta, delta2 power %, coherence delta2, and SEF50 were best at discriminating awake vs active sleep. Entropy beta had the highest AUC-ROC ≥ 0.84. Entropy beta, entropy delta1, theta power %, and SEF50 were best at discriminating awake vs quiet sleep. All had AUC-ROC ≥ 0.78. In active sleep vs quiet sleep, theta power % had highest AUC-ROC > 0.69, lower than the other comparisons. We determined the QEEG range in healthy neonates in different states of consciousness. Entropy beta and SEF50 were best at discriminating between awake and sleep states. QEEG were not as good at discriminating between quiet and active sleep. In the future, QEEG with high discriminatory power can be combined to further improve ability to differentiate between states of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Georgia Georgostathi
- Vagelos Integrated Program in Energy Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bingqing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics Unit, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley Hodges
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C Dean Kurth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew P Kirschen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jimmy W Huh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alexis A Topjian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shih-Shan Lang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Richter
- Vagelos Integrated Program in Energy Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas S Abend
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shavonne L Massey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zhang Q, Dong X, Jin W, Fan J. Early brain cognitive development in late preterm infants: an event-related potential and resting EEG study. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:26. [PMID: 38355639 PMCID: PMC10865666 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late preterm infants (LPIs) are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Research on their cognitive development is helpful for early intervention and follow-up. METHODS Event-related potential (ERP) and resting electroencephalography (RS-EEG) were used to study the brain cognitive function of LPIs in the early stage of life. The Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) was used to track the neurodevelopmental status at the age of 1 year after correction, and to explore the neurophysiological indicators that could predict the outcome of cognitive development in the early stage. RESULTS The results showed that mismatch response (MMR) amplitude, RS-EEG power spectrum and functional connectivity all suggested that LPIs were lagging behind. At the age of 1 year after correction, high-risk LPIs showed no significant delay in gross motor function, but lagged behind in fine motor function, language, personal social interaction and adaptability. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive role of MMR amplitude in the brain cognitive development prognosis at 1 year, showing a sensitivity of 80.00% and a specificity of 90.57%. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.788, with a P-value of 0.007. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings we supposed that the cognitive function of LPI lags behind that of full-term infants in early life. Preterm birth and perinatal diseases or high risk factors affected brain cognitive function in LPIs. MMR amplitude can be used as an early predictor of brain cognitive development in LPIs. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2100041929. Date of registration: 2021-01-10. URL of the trial registry record: https://www.chictr.org.cn/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfen Zhang
- Children' s Health Research Center, Changzhou Children ' s Hospital of Nantong University, 468 Yanling Middle Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuan Dong
- Children' s Health Research Center, Changzhou Children ' s Hospital of Nantong University, 468 Yanling Middle Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Children' s Health Research Center, Changzhou Children ' s Hospital of Nantong University, 468 Yanling Middle Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- Children' s Health Research Center, Changzhou Children ' s Hospital of Nantong University, 468 Yanling Middle Road, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
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Zandvoort CS, van der Vaart M, Robinson S, Usman F, Schmidt Mellado G, Evans Fry R, Worley A, Adams E, Slater R, Baxter L, de Vos M, Hartley C. Sensory event-related potential morphology predicts age in premature infants. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 157:61-72. [PMID: 38064929 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether sensory-evoked cortical potentials could be used to estimate the age of an infant. Such a model could be used to identify infants who deviate from normal neurodevelopment. METHODS Infants aged between 28- and 40-weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) (166 recording sessions in 96 infants) received trains of visual and tactile stimuli. Neurodynamic response functions for each stimulus were derived using principal component analysis and a machine learning model trained and validated to predict infant age. RESULTS PMA could be predicted accurately from the magnitude of the evoked responses (training set mean absolute error and 95% confidence intervals: 1.41 [1.14; 1.74] weeks,p = 0.0001; test set mean absolute error: 1.55 [1.21; 1.95] weeks,p = 0.0002). Moreover, we show that their predicted age (their brain age) is correlated with a measure known to relate to maturity of the nervous system and is linked to long-term neurodevelopment. CONCLUSIONS Sensory-evoked potentials are predictive of age in premature infants and brain age deviations are related to biologically and clinically meaningful individual differences in nervous system maturation. SIGNIFICANCE This model could be used to detect abnormal development of infants' response to sensory stimuli in their environment and may be predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen S Zandvoort
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shellie Robinson
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fatima Usman
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ria Evans Fry
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Worley
- Newborn Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleri Adams
- Newborn Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebeccah Slater
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Baxter
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten de Vos
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Child Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Hartley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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5
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Lundy C, Boylan GB, Mathieson S, Proietti J, O'Toole JM. Quantitative analysis of high-frequency activity in neonatal EEG. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107468. [PMID: 37722158 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the presence and potential utility of independent high-frequency activity recorded from scalp electrodes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of newborns. METHODS We compare interburst intervals and continuous activity at different frequencies for EEGs retrospectively recorded at 256 Hz from 4 newborn groups: 1) 36 preterms (<32 weeks' gestational age, GA); 2) 12 preterms (32-37 weeks' GA); 3) 91 healthy full terms; 4) 15 full terms with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). At 4 standard frequency bands (delta, 0.5-3 Hz; theta, 3-8 Hz; alpha, 8-15 Hz; beta, 15-30 Hz) and 3 higher-frequency bands (gamma1, 30-48 Hz; gamma2, 52-99 Hz; gamma3, 107-127 Hz), we compared power spectral densities (PSDs), quantitative features, and machine learning model performance. Feature selection and further machine learning methods were performed on one cohort. RESULTS We found significant (P < 0.01) differences in PSDs, quantitative analysis, and machine learning modelling at the higher-frequency bands. Machine learning models using only high-frequency features performed best in preterm groups 1 and 2 with a median (95% confidence interval, CI) Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.71 (0.12-0.88) and 0.66 (0.36-0.76) respectively. Interburst interval-detector models using both high- and standard-bandwidths produced the highest median MCCs in all four groups. High-frequency features were largely independent of standard-bandwidth features, with only 11/84 (13.1%) of correlations statistically significant. Feature selection methods produced 7 to 9 high-frequency features in the top 20 feature set. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to identify independent high-frequency activity in newborn EEG using in-depth quantitative analysis. Expanding the EEG bandwidths of analysis has the potential to improve both quantitative and machine-learning analysis, particularly in preterm EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lundy
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean Mathieson
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jacopo Proietti
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Italy
| | - John M O'Toole
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Gilbreath D, Hagood D, Alatorre-Cruz GC, Andres A, Downs H, Larson-Prior LJ. Effects of Early Nutrition Factors on Baseline Neurodevelopment during the First 6 Months of Life: An EEG Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:1535. [PMID: 36986265 PMCID: PMC10055905 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout infancy, the brain undergoes rapid changes in structure and function that are sensitive to environmental influences, such as diet. Breastfed (BF) infants score higher on cognitive tests throughout infancy and into adolescence than formula fed (FF) infants, and these differences in neurocognitive development are reflected in higher concentrations of white and grey matter as measured by MRI. To further explore the effect diet has on cognitive development, electroencephalography (EEG) is used as a direct measure of neuronal activity and to assess specific frequency bands associated with cognitive processes. Task-free baseline EEGs were collected from infants fed with human milk (BF), dairy-based formula (MF), or soy-based formula (SF) at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months of age to explore differences in frequency bands in both sensor and source space. Significant global differences in sensor space were seen in beta and gamma bands between BF and SF groups at ages 2 and 6 months, and these differences were further observed through volumetric modeling in source space. We conclude that BF infants exhibit earlier brain maturation reflected in greater power spectral density in these frequency bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Gilbreath
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center (ACNC), Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72207, USA
| | - Darcy Hagood
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center (ACNC), Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Graciela Catalina Alatorre-Cruz
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center (ACNC), Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72207, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center (ACNC), Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72207, USA
| | - Heather Downs
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center (ACNC), Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Linda J. Larson-Prior
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center (ACNC), Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72207, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72207, USA
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Lai M, D'Acunto G, Guzzetta A, Finnigan S, Ngenda N, Ware RS, Boyd RN, Colditz PB. Infant massage and brain maturation measured using EEG: A randomised controlled trial. Early Hum Dev 2022; 172:105632. [PMID: 35905636 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very preterm (VPT) infants develop adverse neurological sequelae from early exposure of the immature brain to the extrauterine environment. AIMS To determine the effects of infant massage on brain maturation in low-risk VPT infants. STUDY DESIGN A randomised controlled trial of VPT infants, who received standard care or daily massage therapy, administered by the mother, from 34 weeks' to 40 weeks' corrected age (CA). SUBJECTS VPT infants (born at 28 weeks to 32 + 6 weeks' gestational age, G.A.) and a healthy at term cohort for comparison. OUTCOME MEASURES At term equivalent age (39 weeks' to 42 weeks' CA), EEG was recorded to calculate global relative power (GRP), using power spectral analysis. RESULTS Sixty infants were recruited, and EEGs of 25 massage and 20 standard care infants were analysable. There was no difference between groups in primary outcome (beta GRP). There was a significantly higher central alpha relative power measured in the intervention group infants, compared to standard care (SC) group (mean difference = 1.42, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.12 to 2.73; p = 0.03). A massage dose effect was shown by a positive correlation between, massage dose and beta, alpha and theta GRP (r = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.12 to 0.64, r = 0.45; 95%CI = 0.16 to 0.66, r = 0.39; 95%CI = 0.10 to 0.62 respectively) and a negative correlation between massage dose and delta GRP (r = -0.41, 95%CI = -0.64 to -0.12), suggesting that a higher dose of massage is associated with more favourable brain maturation. CONCLUSIONS Central alpha regional relative power was greater in massaged infants compared to SC group infants, suggesting relatively greater brain maturation in this area. A measurable massage dose effect in favour of greater brain maturation, shows promise for verification in a larger clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lai
- Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Giulia D'Acunto
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Stella Maris Scientific Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Guzzetta
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Stella Maris Scientific Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simon Finnigan
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naoni Ngenda
- Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Savelyeva N, Palchik A, Kalashnikova T, Anisimov G. Features of the formation of interzonal connections of the brain according to quantitative electroencephalography in full-term and premature infants. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:74-80. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212209274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nordvik T, Schumacher EM, Larsson PG, Pripp AH, Løhaugen GC, Stiris T. Early spectral EEG in preterm infants correlates with neurocognitive outcomes in late childhood. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1132-1139. [PMID: 35013563 PMCID: PMC9586859 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the predictive value of early amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG)/EEG on neurodevelopmental outcomes at school age and beyond is lacking. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between early postnatal EEG and neurocognitive outcomes in late childhood. METHODS This study is an observational prospective cohort study of premature infants with a gestational age <28 weeks. The total absolute band powers (tABP) of the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands were analyzed from EEG recordings during the first three days of life. At 10-12 years of age, neurocognitive outcomes were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th edition (WISC-IV), Vineland adaptive behavior scales 2nd edition, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The mean differences in tABP were assessed for individuals with normal versus unfavorable neurocognitive scores. RESULTS Twenty-two infants were included. tABP values in all four frequency bands were significantly lower in infants with unfavorable results in the main composite scores (full intelligence quotient, adaptive behavior composite score, and global executive composite score) on all three tests (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early postnatal EEG has the potential to assist in predicting cognitive outcomes at 10-12 years of age in extremely premature infants <28 weeks' gestation. IMPACT Evidence regarding the value of early postnatal EEG in long-term prognostication in preterm infants is limited. Our study suggests that early EEG spectral analysis correlates with neurocognitive outcomes in late childhood in extremely preterm infants. Early identification of infants at-risk of later impairment is important to initiate early and targeted follow-up and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone Nordvik
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva M. Schumacher
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål G. Larsson
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are H. Pripp
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Oslo Center of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro C. Løhaugen
- grid.414311.20000 0004 0414 4503Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
| | - Tom Stiris
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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Rayson H, Debnath R, Alavizadeh S, Fox N, Ferrari PF, Bonaiuto JJ. Detection and Analysis of Cortical Beta Bursts in Developmental EEG Data. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101069. [PMID: 35114447 PMCID: PMC8816670 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental EEG research often involves analyzing signals within various frequency bands, based on the assumption that these signals represent oscillatory neural activity. However, growing evidence suggests that certain frequency bands are dominated by transient burst events in single trials rather than sustained oscillations. This is especially true for the beta band, with adult ‘beta burst’ timing a better predictor of motor behavior than slow changes in average beta amplitude. No developmental research thus far has looked at beta bursts, with techniques used to investigate frequency-specific activity structure rarely even applied to such data. Therefore, we aimed to: i) provide a tutorial for developmental EEG researchers on the application of methods for evaluating the rhythmic versus transient nature of frequency-specific activity; and ii) use these techniques to investigate the existence of sensorimotor beta bursts in infants. We found that beta activity in 12-month-olds did occur in bursts, however differences were also revealed in terms of duration, amplitude, and rate during grasping compared to adults. Application of the techniques illustrated here will be critical for clarifying the functional roles of frequency-specific activity across early development, including the role of beta activity in motor processing and its contribution to differing developmental motor trajectories. Transient bursts rather than oscillations dominate sensorimotor beta activity Lagged coherence indicates the rhythmicity of a signal The p-episode method can be used to identify beta bursts in developmental EEG data Infant sensorimotor beta has a lower peak frequency than adults and consists of longer duration, higher amplitude bursts
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Rayson
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR5229, Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France.
| | | | - Sanaz Alavizadeh
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR5229, Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Nathan Fox
- University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Pier F Ferrari
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR5229, Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
| | - James J Bonaiuto
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR5229, Bron, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
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11
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van der Vaart M, Hartley C, Baxter L, Mellado GS, Andritsou F, Cobo MM, Fry RE, Adams E, Fitzgibbon S, Slater R. Premature Infants Display Discriminable Behavioral, Physiological, and Brain Responses to Noxious and Nonnoxious Stimuli. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3799-3815. [PMID: 34958675 PMCID: PMC9433423 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain assessment in preterm infants is challenging as behavioral, autonomic, and neurophysiological measures of pain are reported to be less sensitive and specific than in term infants. Understanding the pattern of preterm infants’ noxious-evoked responses is vital to improve pain assessment in this group. This study investigated the discriminability and development of multimodal noxious-evoked responses in infants aged 28–40 weeks postmenstrual age. A classifier was trained to discriminate responses to a noxious heel lance from a nonnoxious control in 47 infants, using measures of facial expression, brain activity, heart rate, and limb withdrawal, and tested in two independent cohorts with a total of 97 infants. The model discriminates responses to the noxious from the nonnoxious procedure with an overall accuracy of 0.76–0.84 and an accuracy of 0.78–0.79 in the 28–31-week group. Noxious-evoked responses have distinct developmental patterns. Heart rate responses increase in magnitude with age, while noxious-evoked brain activity undergoes three distinct developmental stages, including a previously unreported transitory stage consisting of a negative event-related potential between 30 and 33 weeks postmenstrual age. These findings demonstrate that while noxious-evoked responses change across early development, infant responses to noxious and nonnoxious stimuli are discriminable in prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Hartley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Luke Baxter
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | | | - Maria M Cobo
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito EC170901, Ecuador
| | - Ria Evans Fry
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eleri Adams
- Newborn Care Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sean Fitzgibbon
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Rebeccah Slater
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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12
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Xie J, Jiang L, Li Y, Chen B, Li F, Jiang Y, Gao D, Deng L, Lv X, Ma X, Yin G, Yao D, Xu P. Rehabilitation of motor function in children with cerebral palsy based on motor imagery. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 15:939-948. [PMID: 34790263 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To promote the rehabilitation of motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP), we developed motor imagery (MI) based training system to assist their motor rehabilitation. Eighteen CP children, ten in short- and eight in long-term rehabilitation, participated in our study. In short-term rehabilitation, every 2 days, the MI datasets were collected; whereas the duration of two adjacency MI experiments was ten days in the long-term protocol. Meanwhile, within two adjacency experiments, CP children were requested to daily rehabilitate the motor function based on our system for 30 min. In both strategies, the promoted motor information processing was observed. In terms of the relative signal power spectra, a main effect of time was revealed, as the promoted power spectra were found for the last time of MI recording, compared to that of the first one, which first validated the effectiveness of our intervention. Moreover, as for network efficiency related to the motor information processing, compared to the first MI, the increased network properties were found for the last MI, especially in long-term rehabilitation in which CP children experienced a more obvious efficiency promotion. These findings did validate that our MI-based rehabilitation system has the potential for CP children to assist their motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Baodan Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Fali Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yuanling Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Dongrui Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Lili Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - XuLin Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - XianKun Ma
- Sichuan Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Yin
- School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
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13
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Nishiyori R, Xiao R, Vanderbilt D, Smith BA. Electroencephalography measures of relative power and coherence as reaching skill emerges in infants born preterm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3609. [PMID: 33574372 PMCID: PMC7878512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) measures of relative power and coherence are associated with motor experience in infants with typical development, but these relationships have not been assessed in infants born preterm. The goal of our study was to investigate the changing patterns of relative power and coherence in the alpha band during resting state EEG in infants born preterm as they developed the skill of reaching. We collected monthly longitudinal data from fourteen infants born preterm between the adjusted ages of 56 and 295 days for a total of 37 sessions of EEG data. Alpha band power at motor cortices and cross-regional connectivity do not present consistent changing trends at the group level in infants born preterm. Individual level analysis reveals that infants born preterm are a heterogeneous group with subtypes of neural function development, some presenting similar changing trends as observed in the typically developing group while others present atypical patterns. This may be linked to the variability in developmental outcomes in infants born preterm. This study was a critical first step to support EEG as a potential tool for identifying and quantifying the developmental trajectories of neuromotor control in infants born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nishiyori
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Ran Xiao
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Douglas Vanderbilt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Beth A Smith
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.,Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, USA
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14
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Relationship Between Early Functional and Structural Brain Developments and Brain Injury in Preterm Infants. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 20:556-568. [PMID: 33532923 PMCID: PMC8360868 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies explored the relationship between early brain function and brain morphology, based on the hypothesis that increased brain activity can positively affect structural brain development and that excitatory neuronal activity stimulates myelination. Objective To investigate the relationship between maturational features from early and serial aEEGs after premature birth and MRI metrics characterizing structural brain development and injury, measured around 30weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and at term. Moreover, we aimed to verify whether previously developed maturational EEG features are related with PMA. Design/Methods One hundred six extremely preterm infants received bedside aEEGs during the first 72h and weekly until week 5. 3T-MRIs were performed at 30weeks PMA and at term. Specific features were extracted to assess EEG maturation: (1) the spectral content, (2) the continuity [percentage of spontaneous activity transients (SAT%) and the interburst interval (IBI)], and (3) the complexity. Automatic MRI segmentation to assess volumes and MRI score was performed. The relationship between the maturational EEG features and MRI measures was investigated. Results Both SAT% and EEG complexity were correlated with PMA. IBI was inversely associated with PMA. Complexity features had a positive correlation with the cerebellar size at 30weeks, while event-based measures were related to the cerebellar size at term. Cerebellar width, cortical grey matter, and total brain volume at term were inversely correlated with the relative power in the higher frequency bands. Conclusions The continuity and complexity of the EEG steadily increase with increasing postnatal age. Increasing complexity and event-based features are associated with cerebellar size, a structure with enormous development during preterm life. Brain activity is important for later structural brain development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12311-021-01232-z.
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15
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Pillay K, Dereymaeker A, Jansen K, Naulaers G, De Vos M. Applying a data-driven approach to quantify EEG maturational deviations in preterms with normal and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7288. [PMID: 32350387 PMCID: PMC7190650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature babies are subjected to environmental stresses that can affect brain maturation and cause abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome later in life. Better understanding this link is crucial to developing a clinical tool for early outcome estimation. We defined maturational trajectories between the Electroencephalography (EEG)-derived ‘brain-age’ and postmenstrual age (the age since the last menstrual cycle of the mother) from longitudinal recordings during the baby’s stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data consisted of 224 recordings (65 patients) separated for normal and abnormal outcome at 9–24 months follow-up. Trajectory deviations were compared between outcome groups using the root mean squared error (RMSE) and maximum trajectory deviation (δmax). 113 features were extracted (per sleep state) to train a data-driven model that estimates brain-age, with the most prominent features identified as potential maturational and outcome-sensitive biomarkers. RMSE and δmax showed significant differences between outcome groups (cluster-based permutation test, p < 0.05). RMSE had a median (IQR) of 0.75 (0.60–1.35) weeks for normal outcome and 1.35 (1.15–1.55) for abnormal outcome, while δmax had a median of 0.90 (0.70–1.70) and 1.90 (1.20–2.90) weeks, respectively. Abnormal outcome trajectories were associated with clinically defined dysmature and disorganised EEG patterns, cementing the link between early maturational trajectories and neurodevelopmental outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirubin Pillay
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. .,Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Anneleen Dereymaeker
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Jansen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Child Neurology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Naulaers
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Vos
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Marchi V, Stevenson N, Koolen N, Mazziotti R, Moscuzza F, Salvadori S, Pieri R, Ghirri P, Guzzetta A, Vanhatalo S. Measuring Cot-Side the Effects of Parenteral Nutrition on Preterm Cortical Function. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:69. [PMID: 32256325 PMCID: PMC7090162 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early nutritional compromise after preterm birth is shown to affect long-term neurodevelopment, however, there has been a lack of early functional measures of nutritional effects. Recent progress in computational electroencephalography (EEG) analysis has provided means to measure the early maturation of cortical activity. Our study aimed to explore whether computational metrics of early sequential EEG recordings could reflect early nutritional care measured by energy and macronutrient intake in the first week of life. A higher energy or macronutrient intake was assumed to associate with improved development of the cortical activity. We analyzed multichannel EEG recorded at 32 weeks (32.4 ± 0.7) and 36 weeks (36.6 ± 0.9) of postmenstrual age in a cohort of 28 preterm infants born before 32 weeks of postmenstrual age (range: 24.3–32 weeks). We computed several quantitative EEG measures from epochs of quiet sleep (QS): (i) spectral power; (ii) continuity; (iii) interhemispheric synchrony, as well as (iv) the recently developed estimate of maturational age. Parenteral nutritional intake from day 1 to day 7 was monitored and clinical factors collected. Lower calories and carbohydrates were found to correlate with a higher reduction of spectral amplitude in the delta band. Lower protein amount associated with higher discontinuity. Both higher proteins and lipids intake correlated with a more developmental increase in interhemispheric synchrony as well as with better progress in the estimate of EEG maturational age (EMA). Our study shows that early nutritional balance after preterm birth may influence subsequent maturation of brain activity in a way that can be observed with several intuitively reasoned and transparent computational EEG metrics. Such measures could become early functional biomarkers that hold promise for benchmarking in the future development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Marchi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore San'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathan Stevenson
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Brain Modelling Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ninah Koolen
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Francesca Moscuzza
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Pieri
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghirri
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Guzzetta
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Castro Conde JR, González Campo C, González González NL, Reyes Millán B, González Barrios D, Jiménez Sosa A, Quintero Fuentes I. Assessment of neonatal EEG background and neurodevelopment in full-term small for their gestational age infants. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:91-99. [PMID: 31822017 PMCID: PMC7326702 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed brain function development in small-gestational-age (SGA) infants has been reported. We aimed to quantify rates of immature neonatal EEG patterns and their association with neurodevelopment in SGA full-term neonates. METHODS Using a cohort design, 50 SGA (birthweight <10th percentile) and 44 appropriate-gestational-age (AGA) term neonates underwent continuous video-EEG recordings lasting >3 h. Seventy-three of them were assessed at 2-years-old using Bayley-III-Scales. For EEG analysis, several segments of discontinuous/alternating EEG tracings were selected. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURED (1) Visual analysis (patterns of EEG maturity); (2) Power spectrum in δ, θ, α and β frequency bands; and (3) scores in motor, cognitive and language development. RESULTS (1) SGA infants, compared to AGA, showed: (a) higher percentages of discontinuous EEG, both asynchrony and interhemispheric asymmetry, and bursts with delta-brushes, longer interburst-interval duration and more transients/hour; (b) lower relative power spectrum in δ and higher in α; and (c) lower scores on motor, language and cognitive neurodevelopment. (2) Asymmetry >5%, interburst-interval >5 s, discontinuity >11%, and bursts with delta-brushes >11% were associated with lower scores on Bayley-III. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study, SGA full-term neonates showed high rates of immature EEG patterns. Low-birthweight and immaturity EEG were both correlated with low development scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Castro Conde
- 0000000121060879grid.10041.34Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatrics, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain ,0000 0000 9826 9219grid.411220.4Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Candelaria González Campo
- 0000 0000 9826 9219grid.411220.4Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Nieves L. González González
- 0000000121060879grid.10041.34Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatrics, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain ,0000 0000 9826 9219grid.411220.4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Beatriz Reyes Millán
- 0000 0004 1771 1220grid.411331.5Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, S/C Tenerife, Spain
| | - Desiré González Barrios
- 0000 0004 1771 1220grid.411331.5Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, S/C Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez Sosa
- 0000 0000 9826 9219grid.411220.4Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Ofra s/n, 38320 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Itziar Quintero Fuentes
- 0000000121060879grid.10041.34Department of Clinical Psychology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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18
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Brain maturation in the first 3 months of life, measured by electroencephalogram: A comparison between preterm and term-born infants. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1859-1868. [PMID: 31401493 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.06.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm infants are at risk for altered brain maturation resulting in neurodevelopmental impairments. Topographical analysis of high-density electroencephalogram during sleep matches underlying brain maturation. Using such an EEG mapping approach could identify preterm infants at risk early in life. METHODS 20 preterm (gestational age < 32 weeks) and 20 term-born infants (gestational age > 37 weeks) were recorded by 18-channel daytime sleep-EEG at term age (GA 40 weeks for preterm and 2-3 days after birth for term infants) and 3 months (corrected age for preterm infants). RESULTS Preterm infant's power spectrum at term age is immature, leveling off with term infants at 3 months of age. Topographical distribution of maximal power density however, reveals qualitative differences between the groups until 3 months of age. Preterm infants exhibit more temporal than central activation at term age and more occipital than central activation at 3 months of age. Moreover, being less mature at term age predicts being less mature at 3 months of age. CONCLUSION Topographical analysis of sleep EEG reveals changes in brain maturation between term and preterm infants early in life. SIGNIFICANCE In future, automated analysis tools using topographical power distribution could help identify preterm infants at risk early in life.
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19
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Sujatha Ravindran A, Mobiny A, Cruz-Garza JG, Paek A, Kopteva A, Contreras Vidal JL. Assaying neural activity of children during video game play in public spaces: a deep learning approach. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:036028. [PMID: 30974426 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding neural activity patterns in the developing brain remains one of the grand challenges in neuroscience. Developing neural networks are likely to be endowed with functionally important variability associated with the environmental context, age, gender, and other variables. Therefore, we conducted experiments with typically developing children in a stimulating museum setting and tested the feasibility of using deep learning techniques to help identify patterns of brain activity associated with different conditions. APPROACH A four-channel dry EEG-based Mobile brain-body imaging data of children at rest and during videogame play (VGP) was acquired at the Children's Museum of Houston. A data-driven approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) was used to describe underlying feature representations in the EEG and their ability to discern task and gender. The variability of the spectral features of EEG during the rest condition as a function of age was also analyzed. MAIN RESULTS Alpha power (7-13 Hz) was higher during rest whereas theta power (4-7 Hz) was higher during VGP. Beta (13-18 Hz) power was the most significant feature, higher in females, when differentiating between males and females. Using data from both temporoparietal channels to classify between VGP and rest condition, leave-one-subject-out cross-validation accuracy of 67% was obtained. Age-related changes in EEG spectral content during rest were consistent with previous developmental studies conducted in laboratory settings showing an inverse relationship between age and EEG power. SIGNIFICANCE These findings are the first to acquire, quantify and explain brain patterns observed during VGP and rest in freely behaving children in a museum setting using a deep learning framework. The study shows how deep learning can be used as a data driven approach to identify patterns in the data and explores the issues and the potential of conducting experiments involving children in a natural and engaging environment.
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20
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O'Toole JM, Pavlidis E, Korotchikova I, Boylan GB, Stevenson NJ. Temporal evolution of quantitative EEG within 3 days of birth in early preterm infants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4859. [PMID: 30890761 PMCID: PMC6425040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
For the premature newborn, little is known about changes in brain activity during transition to extra-uterine life. We aim to quantify these changes in relation to the longer-term maturation of the developing brain. We analysed EEG for up to 72 hours after birth from 28 infants born <32 weeks of gestation. These infants had favourable neurodevelopment at 2 years of age and were without significant neurological compromise at time of EEG monitoring. Quantitative EEG was generated using features representing EEG power, discontinuity, spectral distribution, and inter-hemispheric connectivity. We found rapid changes in cortical activity over the 3 days distinct from slower changes associated with gestational age: for many features, evolution over 1 day after birth is equivalent to approximately 1 to 2.5 weeks of maturation. Considerable changes in the EEG immediately after birth implies that postnatal adaption significantly influences cerebral activity for early preterm infants. Postnatal age, in addition to gestational age, should be considered when analysing preterm EEG within the first few days after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M O'Toole
- Neonatal Brain Research Group, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Elena Pavlidis
- Neonatal Brain Research Group, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Irina Korotchikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- Neonatal Brain Research Group, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathan J Stevenson
- BABA Center, Department of Children's Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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O'Toole JM, Boylan GB. Quantitative Preterm EEG Analysis: The Need for Caution in Using Modern Data Science Techniques. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:174. [PMID: 31131267 PMCID: PMC6509809 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic changes during neonatal transition increase the vulnerability of the preterm brain to injury. Real-time monitoring of brain function during this period would help identify the immediate impact of these changes on the brain. Neonatal EEG provides detailed real-time information about newborn brain function but can be difficult to interpret for non-experts; preterm neonatal EEG poses even greater challenges. An objective quantitative measure of preterm brain health would be invaluable during neonatal transition to help guide supportive care and ultimately protect the brain. Appropriate quantitative measures of preterm EEG must be calculated and care needs to be taken when applying the many techniques available for this task in the era of modern data science. This review provides valuable information about the factors that influence quantitative EEG analysis and describes the common pitfalls. Careful feature selection is required and attention must be paid to behavioral state given the variations encountered in newborn EEG during different states. Finally, the detrimental influence of artifacts on quantitative EEG analysis is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M O'Toole
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Semenova O, Lightbody G, O'Toole JM, Boylan G, Dempsey E, Temko A. Modelling interactions between blood pressure and brain activity in preterm neonates. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:3969-3972. [PMID: 29060766 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hypotension or low blood pressure (BP) is a common problem in preterm neonates and has been associated with adverse short and long-term outcomes. Deciding when and whether to treat hypotension relies on an understanding of the relations between blood pressure and brain function. This study aims to investigate the interaction between BP and multichannel EEG in preterm infants less than 32 weeks gestational age. The mutual information is chosen to model interaction. This measure is independent of absolute values of BP and electroencephalography (EEG) power and quantifies the level of coupling between the short-term dynamics in both signals. It is shown that while adverse health conditions as measured by higher clinical risk indices for babies (CRIB II) are accompanied by consistently lower blood pressure (r=0.43), no significant correlation was observed between CRIB scores and EEG spectral power. More importantly, the chosen measure of interaction between dynamics of EEG and BP was found to be more closely related to CRIB scores (r=0.49, p-value=0.012), with higher CRIB score associated with lower levels of interaction.
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23
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Vucinovic M, Kardum G, Vukovic J, Vucinovic A. Maturational Changes of Delta Waves in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Infant Twins. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518797108. [PMID: 30181687 PMCID: PMC6111399 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518797108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To compare developmental changes of delta 1 (0.5-2.0 Hz) and delta 2 (2.25-3.75 Hz) power spectra between healthy monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs and among MZ and DZ twin groups during active/REM (AS/REM) and quiet/NREM (QS/NREM) sleep stages at 38th, 46th, and 52nd weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were analyzed using fast Fourier transforms. Differences in the developmental changes of delta power within twin pairs and between twin groups were estimated by calculating mean absolute differences of relative spectral values in delta 1 (0.5-2 Hz) and delta 2 (2.25-3.75 Hz) frequencies. RESULTS A review of electrodes showed that relative delta 1 power decreased, whereas delta 2 power increased from 38th toward 52nd week of PMA regardless of zygosity, sleep stages, and electrode position. Twin groups did not significantly differ (P > .05) in within-pair MZ and DZ similarity for delta 1 and delta 2 power spectra; similarity between MZ twin partners for delta 1 and delta 2 power spectra was as high as that of DZ twin partners on each electrode position, sleep stage, and period of measurement. CONCLUSIONS Developmental changes of delta 1 and delta 2 power spectra occurred equally in MZ and DZ twin groups during AS and QS sleep stages at 38th, 46th, and 52th PMA. The rhythm of EEG maturation evidenced by the maturation of delta 1 and delta 2 power spectra was not dependent on zygosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Vucinovic
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department
of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Goran Kardum
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of
Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Jonatan Vukovic
- Department of Internal Medicine,
University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Vucinovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University
Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
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24
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Coupling between mean blood pressure and EEG in preterm neonates is associated with reduced illness severity scores. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199587. [PMID: 29933403 PMCID: PMC6014641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypotension or low blood pressure (BP) is a common problem in preterm neonates and has been associated with adverse short and long-term neurological outcomes. Deciding when and whether to treat hypotension relies on an understanding of the relationship between BP and brain functioning. This study aims to investigate the interaction (coupling) between BP and continuous multichannel unedited EEG recordings in preterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestational age. The EEG was represented by spectral power in four frequency sub-bands: 0.3-3 Hz, 3-8 Hz, 8-15 Hz and 15-30 Hz. BP was represented as mean arterial pressure (MAP). The level of coupling between the two physiological systems was estimated using linear and nonlinear methods such as correlation, coherence and mutual information. Causality of interaction was measured using transfer entropy. The illness severity was represented by the clinical risk index for babies (CRIB II score) and contrasted to the computed level of interaction. It is shown here that correlation and coherence, which are linear measures of the coupling between EEG and MAP, do not correlate with CRIB values, whereas adjusted mutual information, a nonlinear measure, is associated with CRIB scores (r = -0.57, p = 0.003). Mutual information is independent of the absolute values of MAP and EEG powers and quantifies the level of coupling between the short-term dynamics in both signals. The analysis indicated that the dominant causality is from changes in EEG producing changes in MAP. Transfer entropy (EEG to MAP) is associated with the CRIB score (0.3-3 Hz: r = 0.428, p = 0.033, 3-8 Hz: r = 0.44, p = 0.028, 8-15 Hz: r = 0.416, p = 0.038) and indicates that a higher level of directed coupling from brain activity to blood pressure is associated with increased illness in preterm infants. This is the first study to present the nonlinear measure of interaction between brain activity and blood pressure and to demonstrate its relation to the initial illness severity in the preterm infant. The obtained results allow us to hypothesise that the normal wellbeing of a preterm neonate can be characterised by a nonlinear coupling between brain activity and MAP, whereas the presence of weak coupling with distinctive directionality of information flow is associated with an increased mortality rate in preterms.
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25
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El Ters NM, Vesoulis ZA, Liao SM, Smyser CD, Mathur AM. Term-equivalent functional brain maturational measures predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants. Early Hum Dev 2018; 119:68-72. [PMID: 29579560 PMCID: PMC6190680 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Term equivalent age (TEA) brain MRI identifies preterm infants at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. But some infants may experience neurodevelopmental impairments even in the absence of neuroimaging abnormalities. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association of TEA amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) measures with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24-36 months corrected age. METHODS We performed aEEG recordings and brain MRI at TEA (mean post-menstrual age of 39 (±2) weeks in a cohort of 60 preterm infants born at a mean gestational age of 26 (±2) weeks. Forty-four infants underwent Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition (BSID-III) testing at 24-36 months corrected age. Developmental delay was defined by a score greater than one standard deviation below the mean (<85) in any domain. An ROC curve was constructed and a value of SEF90 < 9.2, yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity for moderate/severe brain injury on MRI. The association between aEEG measures and neurodevelopmental outcomes was assessed using odds ratio, then adjusted for confounding variables using logistic regression. RESULTS Infants with developmental delay in any domain had significantly lower values of SEF90. Absent cyclicity was more prevalent in infants with cognitive and motor delay. Both left and right SEF90 < 9.2 were associated with motor delay (OR left: 4.7(1.2-18.3), p = 0.02, OR right: 7.9 (1.8-34.5), p < 0.01). Left SEF90 and right SEF90 were associated with cognitive delay and language delay respectively. Absent cyclicity was associated with motor and cognitive delay (OR for motor delay: 5.8 (1.3-25.1), p = 0.01; OR for cognitive delay: 16.8 (3.1-91.8), p < 0.01). These associations remained significant after correcting for social risk index score and confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS aEEG may be used at TEA as a new tool for risk stratification of infants at higher risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Therefore, a larger study is needed to validate these results in premature infants at low and high risk of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie M El Ters
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Zachary A Vesoulis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steve M Liao
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amit M Mathur
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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26
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Finnigan S, Colditz PB. What is the optimal frequency range for quantifying slow EEG activity in neonates? Insights from power spectra. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 129:143-144. [PMID: 29182916 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Finnigan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia; Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia
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27
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Cohen E, Wong FY, Wallace EM, Mockler JC, Odoi A, Hollis S, Horne RSC, Yiallourou SR. EEG power spectrum maturation in preterm fetal growth restricted infants. Brain Res 2017; 1678:180-186. [PMID: 29050860 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Power spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive method to examine infant brain maturation. Preterm fetal growth restricted (p-FGR) neonates display an altered EEG power spectrum compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) peers, suggesting delayed brain maturation. Longitudinal studies investigating EEG power spectrum maturation in p-FGR infants are lacking, however. We thus aimed to investigate brain maturation using sleep EEG power spectral analysis in p-FGR infants compared to preterm and term AGA controls (p-AGA and t-AGA, respectively). EEG was recorded during spontaneous sleep in 13 p-FGR, 17 p-AGA and 19 t-AGA infants at 1 and 6 months post-term age. Infant sleep states (active and quiet sleep) were scored using standard criteria. Power spectral analysis of a single-channel EEG (C3-M2/C4-M1) was performed using Fast Fourier Transform. The EEG power spectrum was divided into delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), sigma (12-14 Hz) and beta (14-30 Hz) frequency bands. Relative (%) powers and the spectral edge frequency were calculated. The spectral edge frequency was significantly higher in p-FGR infants compared to p-AGA controls in quiet sleep at 1 month post-term age (p < .01). This was due to significantly reduced %-delta and significantly increased %-theta, %-alpha and %-beta power (p < .01 for all) compared to p-AGA infants. p-FGR infants also showed significantly increased %-beta power compared to t-AGA infants (p < .05). No group differences were observed in active sleep or at 6 months post-term age. In conclusion, p-FGR infants show altered sleep EEG power spectrum maturation compared to AGA peers. However, changes resolved by 6 months post-term age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cohen
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Level 5 Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Flora Y Wong
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Level 5 Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Monash Newborn, Monash Health, Level 5 Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Level 5 Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Joanne C Mockler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University and Monash Women's, Monash Health, Level 5 Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Alexsandria Odoi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Level 5 Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Samantha Hollis
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Level 5 Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Rosemary S C Horne
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Level 5 Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Stephanie R Yiallourou
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Level 5 Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Dereymaeker A, Pillay K, Vervisch J, De Vos M, Van Huffel S, Jansen K, Naulaers G. Review of sleep-EEG in preterm and term neonates. Early Hum Dev 2017; 113:87-103. [PMID: 28711233 PMCID: PMC6342258 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal sleep is a crucial state that involves endogenous driven brain activity, important for neuronal survival and guidance of brain networks. Sequential EEG-sleep analysis in preterm infants provides insights into functional brain integrity and can document deviations of the biologically pre-programmed process of sleep ontogenesis during the neonatal period. Visual assessment of neonatal sleep-EEG, with integration of both cerebral and non-cerebral measures to better define neonatal state, is still considered the gold standard. Electrographic patterns evolve over time and are gradually time locked with behavioural characteristics which allow classification of quiet sleep and active sleep periods during the last 10weeks of gestation. Near term age, the neonate expresses a short ultradian sleep cycle, with two distinct active and quiet sleep, as well as brief periods of transitional or indeterminate sleep. Qualitative assessment of neonatal sleep is however challenged by biological and environmental variables that influence the expression of EEG-sleep patterns and sleep organization. Developing normative EEG-sleep data with the aid of automated analytic methods, can further improve our understanding of extra-uterine brain development and state organization under stressful or pathological conditions. Based on those developmental biomarkers of normal and abnormal brain function, research can be conducted to support and optimise sleep in the NICU, with the ultimate goal to improve therapeutic interventions and neurodevelopmental outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Dereymaeker
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kirubin Pillay
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom..
| | - Jan Vervisch
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Child Neurology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maarten De Vos
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom..
| | - Sabine Van Huffel
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, Division Stadius, Leuven, Belgium; Imec, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Jansen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Child Neurology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gunnar Naulaers
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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29
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Complexity Analysis of Neonatal EEG Using Multiscale Entropy: Applications in Brain Maturation and Sleep Stage Classification. ENTROPY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/e19100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Zhang Q, Cheng Q, Li H, Dong X, Tu W. Evaluation of auditory perception development in neonates by quantitative electroencephalography and auditory event-related potentials. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183728. [PMID: 28910297 PMCID: PMC5598942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was performed to investigate neonatal auditory perception function by quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and auditory event-related potentials (aERPs) and identify the characteristics of auditory perception development in newborns. Methods Fifty-three normal full-term neonates were divided into three groups according their age in days. An auditory oddball paradigm was used. QEEG (resting state and task state) and aERPs were performed. EEG δ power in the resting and task states and at different ages was respectively analyzed. The N2 area and latency of aERPs at different ages were also compared. Results The four main findings of this study are as follows. First, the increase in the EEG δ power was significantly greater in the task than resting state in Group 3 at the Fz lead (t = −3.371, P = 0.004) and in Groups 2 and 3 at the Cz lead (Group 2: t = −3.149, P = 0.005; Group 3: t = −3.609, P = 0.002). Second, the δ power gradually increased from 1 to 10 days of age (Group 1), peaked at 11 to 20 days (Group 2), and gradually decreased from 21 to 28 days (Group 3). The data in the Fz lead during the task state and in the Cz lead during the resting and task states were statistically significant (F = 5.875, P = 0.005; F = 5.523, P = 0.007; and F = 5.402, P = 0.008, respectively). Third, the N2 area significantly increased with age by presentation of target stimuli (F = 5.26, P = 0.01). The N2 area increased most significantly from 21 to 28 days (Group 3). Finally, the N2 latency significantly decreased with age (Fz lead: F = 4.66, P = 0.023; Cz lead: F = 7.18, P = 0.005). The N2 latency decreased most significantly from 11 to 20 days of age (Group 2). Conclusion Rapid cognitive development occurs during the neonatal period. In the first several days after birth, the EEG δ power and N2 area manifested the characteristic performance of identifying task information. QEEG and aERP measurement can be used as objective indices with which to evaluate auditory perception development in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfen Zhang
- Changzhou Children's Hospital,Changzhou,Jiangsu,PR China
| | - Qirui Cheng
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongxin Li
- Changzhou Children's Hospital,Changzhou,Jiangsu,PR China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Changzhou Children's Hospital,Changzhou,Jiangsu,PR China
- * E-mail: (WT); (XD)
| | - Wenjuan Tu
- Changzhou Children's Hospital,Changzhou,Jiangsu,PR China
- * E-mail: (WT); (XD)
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31
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Impact of brain injury on functional measures of amplitude-integrated EEG at term equivalent age in premature infants. J Perinatol 2017; 37:947-952. [PMID: 28492522 PMCID: PMC5578901 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between qualitative and quantitative amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) measures at term equivalent age (TEA) and brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN A cohort of premature infants born at <30 weeks of gestation and with moderate-to-severe MRI injury on a TEA MRI scan was identified. A contemporaneous group of gestational age-matched control infants also born at <30 weeks of gestation with none/mild injury on MRI was also recruited. Quantitative aEEG measures, including maximum and minimum amplitudes, bandwidth span and spectral edge frequency (SEF90), were calculated using an offline software package. The aEEG recordings were qualitatively scored using the Burdjalov system. MRI scans, performed on the same day as aEEG, occurred at a mean postmenstrual age of 38.0 (range 37 to 42) weeks and were scored for abnormality in a blinded manner using an established MRI scoring system. RESULTS Twenty-eight (46.7%) infants had a normal MRI or mild brain abnormality, while 32 (53.3%) infants had moderate-to-severe brain abnormality. Univariate regression analysis demonstrated an association between severity of brain abnormality and quantitative measures of left and right SEF90 and bandwidth span (β=-0.38, -0.40 and 0.30, respectively) and qualitative measures of cyclicity, continuity and total Burdjalov score (β=-0.10, -0.14 and -0.12, respectively). After correcting for confounding variables, the relationship between MRI abnormality score and aEEG measures of SEF90, bandwidth span and Burdjalov score remained significant. CONCLUSION Brain abnormalities on MRI at TEA in premature infants are associated with abnormalities on term aEEG measures, suggesting that anatomical brain injury may contribute to delay in functional brain maturation as assessed using aEEG.
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32
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Koolen N, Oberdorfer L, Rona Z, Giordano V, Werther T, Klebermass-Schrehof K, Stevenson N, Vanhatalo S. Automated classification of neonatal sleep states using EEG. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1100-1108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Shany E, Berger I, Goldberg O, Karplus M, Gilat S, Benzaquen O, Yogev H, Shalev R. Do Prenatal Corticosteroids Affect Brain Maturation of the Premature Infant? An Electroencephalography Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2017; 48:79-87. [PMID: 27090506 DOI: 10.1177/1550059416643202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether prenatal treatment with betamethasone has a significant influence on cerebral maturation indices as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) indices. STUDY DESIGN Infants born less than 35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) were prospectively enrolled if their mother received a full course of bethametasone prior to delivery (study group) or not (control group); infants with major intracranial abnormalities were excluded as well as those who were sedated or needed assisted ventilation. EEG was recorded during the first 10 days of life. Interburst intervals and maximal amplitudes of theta and delta bandwidths were calculated by a signal processing software. A multivariate general linear model was used to analyze the relationship between the 2 groups and the different electrophysiologic parameters, adjusting for PMA and mode of delivery. RESULTS Thirty-eight infants were included in the study group and 36 in the control group. Univariate analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between PMA at test and EEG indices (interburst interval and delta and theta frequencies). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a less robust correlation of PMA and EEG indices and a positive correlation of prenatal betamethasone treatment with Theta frequencies. Repeating the data analysis separately for each study group, the above results remained significant mainly in the study group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a possible stabilization effect of corticosteroids on the central nervous system and a possible delay of the maturation of cerebral activity related to prenatal corticosteroids use. These findings may relate to a better neurodevelopmental outcome of infants treated prenatally with corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilon Shany
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,2 Neonatal Department, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Itai Berger
- 3 Neuro-Cognitive Center, Pediatric Wing, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center (Mt. Scopus Campus), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ori Goldberg
- 4 Pediatric Department, Shneider Children Hospital, Petah Tikwa, Israel
| | - Michael Karplus
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shlomo Gilat
- 5 S. Gilat Medical Research & Equipment Ltd, Karkur, Israel
| | - Oshra Benzaquen
- 6 Radiology Department, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hagai Yogev
- 7 Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Ruth Shalev
- 8 Neuropaediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
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34
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Meijer EJ, Niemarkt HJ, Raaijmakers IPPC, Mulder AM, van Pul C, Wijn PFF, Andriessen P. Interhemispheric connectivity estimated from EEG time-correlation analysis in preterm infants with normal follow-up at age of five. Physiol Meas 2016; 37:2286-2298. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/37/12/2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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35
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Chang P, Fabrizi L, Olhede S, Fitzgerald M. The Development of Nociceptive Network Activity in the Somatosensory Cortex of Freely Moving Rat Pups. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:4513-4523. [PMID: 27797835 PMCID: PMC5193146 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical perception of noxious stimulation is an essential component of pain experience but it is not known how cortical nociceptive activity emerges during brain development. Here we use continuous telemetric electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of awake active rat pups to map functional nociceptive processing in the developing brain over the first 4 weeks of life. Cross-sectional and longitudinal recordings show that baseline S1 ECoG energy increases steadily with age, with a distinctive beta component replaced by a distinctive theta component in week 3. Event-related potentials were evoked by brief noxious hindpaw skin stimulation at all ages tested, confirming the presence of functional nociceptive spinothalamic inputs in S1. However, hindpaw incision, which increases pain sensitivity at all ages, did not increase S1 ECoG energy until week 3. A significant increase in gamma (20–50 Hz) energy occurred in the presence of skin incision at week 3 accompanied by a longer-lasting increase in theta (4–8 Hz) energy at week 4. Continuous ECoG recording demonstrates specific postnatal functional stages in the maturation of S1 cortical nociception. Somatosensory cortical coding of an ongoing pain “state” in awake rat pups becomes apparent between 2 and 4 weeks of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK.,Current address: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - L Fabrizi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - S Olhede
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - M Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
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Estimating functional brain maturity in very and extremely preterm neonates using automated analysis of the electroencephalogram. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2910-2918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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EEG maturation and stability of cerebral oxygen extraction in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 2016; 36:311-6. [PMID: 26741569 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2015.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fractional cerebral tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) can be continuously monitored by simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and pulse oximetry. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, the more mature EEG activity is, the less variable FTOE is. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study was conducted on VLBW infants (< 1500 g and ⩽ 34 weeks gestation) without significant brain injury. Simultaneous continuous two-channel electroencephalography (EEG), NIRS and pulse oximetry were recorded. Absolute and relative powers of EEG in the delta, theta, alpha, beta and total frequency bands have been calculated. FTOE variability was calculated on two scales: short scales (3 to 20 s) and long scales (20 to 150 s). FTOE variability was examined against changes in relative spectral power of different EEG bands. RESULT We evaluated 67 studies performed on 46 VLBW infants. Average study duration was 21.3 ± 5.5 h. Relative power of delta band positively correlated with FTOE short- and long-scale variability (r=0.45, P<0.001; r=0.44, P<0.001, respectively). Relative power of alpha bands negatively correlated with FTOE short- and long-scale variability (r=-0.38, P=0.002; r=-0.42, P<0.001, respectively). These correlations continued to be significant when controlling for sex, small for gestational age, postmenstrual age, being on respiratory support, hemoglobin concentration, systemic oxygen saturation and transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension. CONCLUSION Increased maturation of EEG activity is associated with decreased variability in cerebral oxygen extraction. The implications of increased variability in FTOE on brain injury in premature infants need further exploration.
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Schumacher E, Stiris T, Larsson P. Effective connectivity in long-term EEG monitoring in preterm infants. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2261-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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George JM, Boyd RN, Colditz PB, Rose SE, Pannek K, Fripp J, Lingwood BE, Lai MM, Kong AHT, Ware RS, Coulthard A, Finn CM, Bandaranayake SE. PPREMO: a prospective cohort study of preterm infant brain structure and function to predict neurodevelopmental outcome. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:123. [PMID: 26377791 PMCID: PMC4572671 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50 percent of all infants born very preterm will experience significant motor and cognitive impairment. Provision of early intervention is dependent upon accurate, early identification of infants at risk of adverse outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging at term equivalent age combined with General Movements assessment at 12 weeks corrected age is currently the most accurate method for early prediction of cerebral palsy at 12 months corrected age. To date no studies have compared the use of earlier magnetic resonance imaging combined with neuromotor and neurobehavioural assessments (at 30 weeks postmenstrual age) to predict later motor and neurodevelopmental outcomes including cerebral palsy (at 12-24 months corrected age). This study aims to investigate i) the relationship between earlier brain imaging and neuromotor/neurobehavioural assessments at 30 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age, and ii) their ability to predict motor and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 and 12 months corrected age. METHODS/DESIGN This prospective cohort study will recruit 80 preterm infants born ≤ 30 week's gestation and a reference group of 20 healthy term born infants from the Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Infants will undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging at approximately 30 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age to develop our understanding of very early brain structure at 30 weeks and maturation that occurs between 30 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age. A combination of neurological (Hammersmith Neonatal Neurologic Examination), neuromotor (General Movements, Test of Infant Motor Performance), neurobehavioural (NICU Network Neurobehavioural Scale, Premie-Neuro) and visual assessments will be performed at 30 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age to improve our understanding of the relationship between brain structure and function. These data will be compared to motor assessments at 12 weeks corrected age and motor and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months corrected age (neurological assessment by paediatrician, Bayley scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Alberta Infant Motor Scale, Neurosensory Motor Developmental Assessment) to differentiate atypical development (including cerebral palsy and/or motor delay). DISCUSSION Earlier identification of those very preterm infants at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental and motor outcomes provides an additional period for intervention to optimise outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000280707. Registered 8 March 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M George
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Paul B Colditz
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Stephen E Rose
- Digital Productivity Flagship, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kerstin Pannek
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Digital Productivity Flagship, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- Digital Productivity Flagship, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Barbara E Lingwood
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Melissa M Lai
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Annice H T Kong
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Robert S Ware
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children's Health Queensland Hospitals and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Alan Coulthard
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
- Academic Discipline of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Christine M Finn
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sasaka E Bandaranayake
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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Cheng MY, Hung CL, Huang CJ, Chang YK, Lo LC, Shen C, Hung TM. Expert-novice differences in SMR activity during dart throwing. Biol Psychol 2015; 110:212-8. [PMID: 26277266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that augmented sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) activity is related to the superior regulation of processing cognitive-motor information in motor performance. However, no published studies have examined the relationship between SMR and performance in precision sports; thus, this study examined the relationship between SMR activity and the level of skilled performance in tasks requiring high levels of attention (e.g., dart throwing). We hypothesized that skilled performance would be associated with higher SMR activity. Fourteen dart-throwing experts and eleven novices were recruited. Participants were requested to perform 60 dart throws while EEG was recorded. The 2(Group: Expert, Novice)×2(Time window: -2000 ms to -1000 ms, -1000 ms to 0 ms) ANOVA showed that the dart-throwing experts maintained a relatively higher SMR power than the novices before dart release. These results suggest that SMR might reflect the adaptive regulation of cognitive-motor processing during the preparatory period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Cheng
- Cluster of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Inspiration 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Chiao-Ling Hung
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chung-Ju Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, No. 101, Section 2, Zhongcheng Rd., Shilin District, Taipei City 111, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Township, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Li-Chuan Lo
- Department of Kinesiology University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan, ROC.
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Vesoulis ZA, Paul RA, Mitchell TJ, Wong C, Inder TE, Mathur AM. Normative amplitude-integrated EEG measures in preterm infants. J Perinatol 2015; 35:428-33. [PMID: 25521561 PMCID: PMC4447544 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessing qualitative patterns of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) maturation of preterm infants requires personnel with training in interpretation and an investment of time. Quantitative algorithms provide a method for rapidly and reproducibly assessing an aEEG recording independent of provider skill level. Although there are several qualitative and quantitative normative data sets in the literature, this study provides the broadest array of quantitative aEEG measures in a carefully selected and followed cohort of preterm infants with mild or no visible injury on term-equivalent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subsequently normal neurodevelopment at 2 and 7 years of age. STUDY DESIGN A two-channel aEEG recording was obtained on days 4, 7, 14 and 28 of life for infants born ⩽30 weeks estimated gestational age. Measures of amplitude and continuity, spectral edge frequency, percentage of trace in interburst interval (IBI), IBI length and frequency counts of smooth delta waves, delta brushes and theta bursts were obtained. MRI was obtained at term-equivalent age and neurodevelopmental testing was conducted at 2 and 7 years of corrected age. RESULT Correlations were found between increasing postmenstrual age (PMA) and decreasing maximum amplitude (R= -0.23, P=0.05), increasing minimum amplitude (R=0.46, P=0.002) and increasing spectral edge frequency (R=0.78, P=4.17 × 10(-14)). Negative correlations were noted between increasing PMA and counts of smooth delta waves (R= -0.39, P=0.001), delta brushes (R= -0.37, P=0.003) and theta bursts (R= -0.61, P=5.66 × 10(-8)). Increasing PMA was also associated with a decreased amount of time spent in the IBI (R= -0.38, P=0.001) and a shorter length of the maximum IBI (R= -0.27, P=0.03). CONCLUSION This analysis supports a strong correlation between quantitatively determined aEEG measures and PMA, in a cohort of preterm infants with normal term-equivalent age neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 7 years of age, which is both predictable and reproducible. These 'normative' quantitative values support the pattern of maturation previously identified by qualitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Vesoulis
- Department of Pediatrics– Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel A. Paul
- Department of Psychiatry– Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy J. Mitchell
- Department of Physics – Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Connie Wong
- Newborn Research Centre – The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terrie E. Inder
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine – Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit M. Mathur
- Department of Pediatrics– Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Functional connectivity in preterm infants derived from EEG coherence analysis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014; 18:780-9. [PMID: 25205233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the neuronal connectivity in preterm infants between homologous channels of both hemispheres. METHODS EEG coherence analysis was performed on serial EEG recordings collected from preterm infants with normal neurological follow-up. The coherence spectrum was divided in frequency bands: δnewborn(0-2 Hz), θnewborn(2-6 Hz), αnewborn(6-13 Hz), βnewborn(13-30 Hz). Coherence values were evaluated as a function of gestational age (GA) and postnatal maturation. RESULTS All spectra show two clear peaks in the δnewborn and θnewborn-band, corresponding to the delta and theta EEG waves observed in preterm infants. In the δnewborn-band the peak magnitude coherence decreases with GA and postnatal maturation for all channels. In the θnewborn-band, the peak magnitude coherence decreases with GA for all channels, but increases with postnatal maturation for the frontal polar channels. In the βnewborn-band a modest magnitude coherence peak was observed in the occipital channels, which decreases with GA. CONCLUSIONS Interhemispherical connectivity develops analogously with electrocortical maturation: signal intensities at low frequencies decrease with GA and postnatal maturation, but increase at high frequencies with postnatal maturation. In addition, peak magnitude coherence is a clear trend indicator for brain maturation. SIGNIFICANCE Coherence analysis can aid in the clinical assessment of the functional connectivity of the infant brain with maturation.
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Power spectral analysis of two-channel EEG in very premature infants undergoing heat loss prevention. Neurophysiol Clin 2014; 44:239-44. [PMID: 25240556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether wearing a wool cap, a routine practice used to prevent heat loss in premature infants, affects interpretation of electroencephalogram spectral analysis. METHODS Eighteen premature infants (median gestational age 28 weeks, range 23-32) without neurological complications were randomized to two channel (C3, C4 referred to Cz) digital electroencephalogram recordings with (90 min) and without (90 min) wearing wool cap, at 4 days of life. Electroencephalogram was analyzed automatically by measurement of burst suppression ratio and asymmetry index and by Fast Fourier Transform to calculate total absolute spectral power; relative spectral power in the δ (0.5-3.5 Hz), θ (4-7.5 Hz), α (8-12.5 Hz), and β (13-30 Hz) frequency bands; spectral edge frequency; and mean dominant frequency. RESULTS The use of wool cap had no effect on all electroencephalogram parameters considered. Gestational age showed an effect on relative spectral power of all considered bands, spectral edge frequency and mean dominant frequency, while no effect was seen on burst suppression ratio and asymmetry index. Neonates born at gestational weeks lower than 28 had significantly higher relative power in the δ band and lower relative power in the α and β bands. CONCLUSIONS Heat loss prevention using wool cap does not affect interpretation of spectral electroencephalogram. Spectral values in our group of very premature infants without neurological complications correspond to normal data reported in the literature. Maturation changes consist of reduction of relative power of the δ band, spectral edge frequency and mean dominant frequency.
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Yerushalmy-Feler A, Marom R, Peylan T, Korn A, Haham A, Mandel D, Yarkoni I, Bassan H. Electroencephalographic characteristics in preterm infants born with intrauterine growth restriction. J Pediatr 2014; 164:756-761.e1. [PMID: 24485822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of fetal growth on postnatal amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and power spectrum electroencephalography (EEG) data in preterm infants born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). STUDY DESIGN We defined IUGR as birth weight <10th percentile, and control as birth weight appropriate for gestational age (GA). We performed single-channel (C3-C4) EEG during the first 48 hours of life and measured the upper and lower margins of the aEEG trace width. EEG readings were analyzed by spectral analysis, and the relative power of the frequency bands was calculated. The Lacey Assessment of the Preterm Infant was administered before discharge. RESULTS We enrolled 14 infants with IUGR (mean GA, 34.3 ± 1.8 weeks; mean birth weight 1486 ± 304 g) and 16 appropriate for GA controls (mean GA, 33.7 ± 2 weeks; mean birth weight, 1978 ± 488 g). There were no significant between-group differences in perinatal complications. The mean aEEG trace width was 20.8 ± 1.4 μv in the infants with IUGR versus 17.3 ± 1.6 μv in controls (P < .001). The infants with IUGR also had significantly greater delta frequency activity and decreased theta, alpha, and beta frequency activities compared with controls. Delta frequency activity decreased with increasing GA (r = -0.8; P = .001 for infants with IUGR and r = -0.9; P < .001 for controls). The Lacey Assessment of the Preterm Infant developmental score was significantly lower in the infants with IUGR (P < .02) and was correlated with aEEG trace width (r = -0.6; P = .002) and with delta activity (r = -0.5; P = .02). CONCLUSION Preterm infants with IUGR have delayed EEG maturation associated with delayed neuromotor development. The predictive value of these alterations regarding developmental deficits associated with IUGR remains undetermined, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yerushalmy-Feler
- Department of Neonatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Child Neurology and Development Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronella Marom
- Department of Neonatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Peylan
- Child Neurology and Development Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Akiva Korn
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Haham
- Department of Neonatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Mandel
- Department of Neonatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Yarkoni
- Department of Neonatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Bassan
- Child Neurology and Development Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Modulation of EEG spectral edge frequency during patterned pneumatic oral stimulation in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:85-92. [PMID: 24129553 PMCID: PMC4005474 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulation of the nervous system plays a central role in brain development and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Thalamocortical and corticocortical development is diminished in premature infants and correlated to electroencephalography (EEG) progression. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of orocutaneous stimulation on the modulation of spectral edge frequency fc = 90% (SEF-90), which is derived from EEG recordings in preterm infants. METHODS A total of 22 preterm infants were randomized to experimental and control conditions. Pulsed orocutaneous stimulation was presented during gavage feedings begun at ~32 wk postmenstrual age. The SEF-90 was derived from two-channel EEG recordings. RESULTS Compared with the control condition, the pulsed orocutaneous stimulation produced a significant reorganization of SEF-90 in the left (P = 0.005) and right (P < 0.0001) hemispheres. Notably, the left and right hemispheres showed a reversal in the polarity of frequency shift, demonstrating hemispheric asymmetry in the frequency domain. Pulsed orocutaneous stimulation also produced a significant pattern of short-term cortical adaptation and a long-term neural adaptation manifested as a 0.5 Hz elevation in SEF-90 after repeated stimulation sessions. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate the modulating effects of a servo-controlled oral somatosensory input on the spectral features of EEG activity in preterm infants.
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Application of Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition and Sample Entropy in EEG Signals via Artificial Neural Networks for Interpreting Depth of Anesthesia. ENTROPY 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/e15093325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schumacher EM, Larsson PG, Sinding-Larsen C, Aronsen R, Lindeman R, Skjeldal OH, Stiris TA. Automated spectral EEG analyses of premature infants during the first three days of life correlated with developmental outcomes at 24 months. Neonatology 2013; 103:205-12. [PMID: 23327994 DOI: 10.1159/000345923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spectral EEG analysis using automated quantification of total absolute band power (tABP) for long-term brain monitoring is reliable. We hypothesised that tABP during the first critical days of life could be a useful tool for predicting later developmental outcomes. OBJECTIVE To determine whether measuring EEG background activity in premature infants with automated tABP quantification during the first 3 days of life correlated with their developmental outcomes at 24 months. METHODS Preterm infants (group 1, gestational age, GA 24-28 weeks and group 2, GA 28-31 weeks) were continuously monitored by EEG for 3 days after birth. Their developmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley-II and Peabody-2 developmental tests at 24 months. Their respective indices were calculated. Normal (index ≥85) and abnormal (index <85) outcomes were correlated with the tABP. RESULTS In group 1, the tABP was significantly lower in the abnormal infants than in the normal infants. The specificity and negative predictive value were also high for all of the tests that were applied in this group. In group 2, there was no correlation between the tABP and developmental outcome. CONCLUSION This study found that extremely premature infants with poor developmental outcomes had significantly lower tABP values in their first days of life compared to infants from the same group with normal outcomes. This method may be useful in predicting later outcomes in extremely premature infants and has the advantage of being automated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Schumacher
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
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Zayachkivsky A, Lehmkuhle MJ, Fisher JH, Ekstrand JJ, Dudek FE. Recording EEG in immature rats with a novel miniature telemetry system. J Neurophysiol 2012; 109:900-11. [PMID: 23114207 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00593.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serial EEG recordings from immature rat pups are extremely difficult to obtain but important for analyzing animal models of neonatal seizures and other pediatric neurological conditions as well as normal physiology. In this report, we describe the features and applications of a novel miniature telemetry system designed to record EEG in rat pups as young as postnatal day 6 (P6). First, we have recorded electrographic seizure activity in two animal models of neonatal seizures, hypoxia- and kainate-induced seizures at P7. Second, we describe a viable approach for long-term continuous EEG monitoring of naturally reared rat pups implanted with EEG at P6. Third, we have used serial EEG recordings to record age-dependent changes in the background EEG signal as the animals matured from P7 to P11. The important advantages of using miniature wireless EEG technology are: 1) minimally invasive surgical implantation; 2) a device form-factor that is compatible with housing of rat pups with the dam and littermates; 3) serial recordings of EEG activity; and 4) low power consumption of the unit, theoretically allowing continuous monitoring for up to 2 yr without surgical reimplantation. The miniature EEG telemetry system provides a technical advance that allows researchers to record continuous and serial EEG recordings in neonatal rodent models of human neurological disorders, study the progression of the disease, and then assess possible therapies using quantitative EEG as an outcome measure. This new technical approach should improve animal models of human conditions that rely on EEG monitoring for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zayachkivsky
- Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-6500, USA
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Jennekens W, Niemarkt HJ, Engels M, Pasman JW, van Pul C, Andriessen P. Topography of maturational changes in EEG burst spectral power of the preterm infant with a normal follow-up at 2 years of age. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:2130-8. [PMID: 22640748 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the electroencephalography (EEG) burst frequency spectrum of preterm infants by automated analysis and to describe the topography of maturational change in spectral parameters. METHODS Eighteen preterm infants <32weeks gestation and normal neurological follow-up at 2years underwent weekly 4-h EEG recordings (10-20 system). The recordings (n=77) represent a large variability in postmenstrual age (PMA, 28-36weeks). We applied an automated burst detection algorithm and performed spectral analysis. The frequency spectrum was divided into δ1 (0.5-1Hz), δ2 (1-4Hz), θ (4-8Hz), α (8-13Hz) and β (13-30Hz) bands. Spectral parameters were evaluated as a function of PMA by regression analysis. Results were interpolated and topographically visualised. RESULTS The majority of spectral parameters show significant change with PMA. Highest correlation is found for δ and θ band. Absolute band powers decrease with increasing PMA, while relative α and β powers increase. Maturational change is largest in frontal and temporal region. CONCLUSIONS Topographic distribution of maturational changes in spectral parameters corresponds with studies showing ongoing gyration and postnatal white matter maturation in frontal and temporal lobes. SIGNIFICANCE Computer analysis of EEG may allow objective and reproducible analysis for long-term prognosis and/or stratification of clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Jennekens
- Máxima Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Physics, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
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Hartley C, Berthouze L, Mathieson SR, Boylan GB, Rennie JM, Marlow N, Farmer SF. Long-range temporal correlations in the EEG bursts of human preterm babies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31543. [PMID: 22363669 PMCID: PMC3283672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrical activity in the very early human preterm brain, as recorded by scalp EEG, is mostly discontinuous and has bursts of high-frequency oscillatory activity nested within slow-wave depolarisations of high amplitude. The temporal organisation of the occurrence of these EEG bursts has not been previously investigated. We analysed the distribution of the EEG bursts in 11 very preterm (23-30 weeks gestational age) human babies through two estimates of the Hurst exponent. We found long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) in the occurrence of these EEG bursts demonstrating that even in the very immature human brain, when the cerebral cortical structure is far from fully developed, there is non-trivial temporal structuring of electrical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hartley
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Berthouze
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Neuroscience and Robotics, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Sean R. Mathieson
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson University College London Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine B. Boylan
- Neonatal Brain Research Group, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Janet M. Rennie
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson University College London Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Marlow
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson University College London Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon F. Farmer
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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