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Yadav R, Kumar Panda D, Kumar S. Understanding the individuals' motivators and barriers of e-waste recycling: A mixed-method approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116303. [PMID: 36191502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing amount of e-waste and poor participation of individuals in proper recycling or disposal has become a big concern for policymakers. Therefore, it is essential to understand the factors that may facilitate or inhibit individuals from adopting e-waste recycling. The present research examines the attitude and intentions of individuals by applying the theoretical lens of Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT). The study uses a mixed-method approach and has been conducted in two phases: Phase 1- qualitative study (one-to-one interview: 30 respondents) and Phase 2: quantitative study (survey-based questionnaire- 348 responses). The qualitative part employs thematic analysis, and the quantitative study has been analyzed using SEM. Through the qualitative research, the study has identified self-image perceived negative effect and salvage value as the 'reasons for', whereas inconvenience, lack of support system, and emotional attachment have been identified as the 'reasons against' e-waste recycling. The findings show that moral and social norms significantly impact individual reasoning ('reason for'/'reason against') and attitude toward e-waste recycling. The result has also confirmed the moderation effect on self-efficacy among reasoning, attitude, and intention. The findings offer interesting insights to the government and policymakers for increasing individuals' participation in e-waste recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambalak Yadav
- Indian Institute of Management Jammu, Old University Campus, Canal Road, Nawabad, Cantonment, Jammu, 180016, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Debadutta Kumar Panda
- Strategy and General Management, Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar (XIMB), XIM University, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India.
| | - Sushant Kumar
- Indian Institute of Management Raipur, Atal Nagar, Naya Raipur, Raipur, 493661, India.
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Rahmani L, Haasova S, Czellar S, Clergue V, Martin C. How Often Do You Think About Your Relationship With Nature? The Measurement of Environmental Identity Salience and Its Relationship With Proenvironmental Behaviors. Front Psychol 2022; 13:877978. [PMID: 35874395 PMCID: PMC9305846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.877978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extant research finds that environmental identity is an important motivational factor for proenvironmental behavior. However, studies typically focus on investigating the effects of the strength of this identity. Based on insights from identity research, we theorize that the influence of individuals' environmental identity on their proenvironmental behavior may depend on other identity dimensions as well. We argue that the frequency of activation of environmental identity in relevant life domains-environmental identity salience-may predict proenvironmental behavior beyond what environmental identity strength can explain. To test our theorizing, we propose a parsimonious measure of environmental identity salience. In four empirical studies, we establish that the new measure has sound psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency and discriminant validity with regard to measures of environmental identity strength. Importantly, our measure of environmental identity salience reliably predicts a range of self-reported and actual proenvironmental behaviors beyond the effects of environmental identity strength. In line with theoretical predictions, our data suggests that environmental identity salience and strength are related but distinct constructs. We conclude that investigating the nature and effects of environmental identity salience leads to a fruitful path to a more comprehensive understanding of proenvironmental behavior. The proposed new measure may serve as a helpful tool in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Rahmani
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simona Haasova
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Czellar
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Clergue
- EHL Hospitality Business School, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kindelberger C, Safont-Mottay C, Lannegrand-Willems L, Galharret JM. Searching for Autonomy before the Transition to Higher Education: How do Identity and Self-Determined Academic Motivation Co-Evolve? J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:881-894. [PMID: 31598810 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identity and academic motivation are particularly at stake before the major transition to higher education. However, few studies have explored their changes and their longitudinal bidirectional links. To fill this gap, a three-wave study from the end of the 11th grade to the end of the 12th grade was conducted to explore changes in identity processes and academic motivation and to investigate how they might be interconnected over time. 599 adolescents (mean age 17.4; 59% girls) completed questionnaires containing measures about identity processes and three types of academic motivation: autonomous, controlled, and impersonal. Throughout the study span of one year, four identity processes increased: commitment making, identification with commitment, exploration in breadth and exploration in depth, while the process of ruminative exploration decreased. Simultaneously, late adolescents encountered an increase in impersonal motivation, more salient for boys. The results also revealed unidirectional links from motivation to identity processes, with no gender or age moderator effects: exploration in breadth and exploration in depth were positively predicted by autonomous motivation, ruminative exploration was positively predicted by autonomous, controlled, and impersonal motivation. In addition, impersonal motivation negatively predicted commitment making. On the other hand, identification with commitment positively predicted autonomous motivation. Practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Safont-Mottay
- Laboratory of Psychology of Socialization, Development and Work, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Weybright EH, Palen LA, Caldwell LL, Wegner L, Jacobs JJ, Smith E. Profiles of Adolescent Leisure Motivation and Substance Use in the HealthWise South Africa Research Trial: A Person-Centered Approach. LEISURE SCIENCES 2018; 42:482-501. [PMID: 33487781 PMCID: PMC7821964 DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2018.1499055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engaging in intrinsically motivated behaviors, both within and outside of the leisure context, is associated with well-being. However, individuals can be driven by multiple types of motivation simultaneously, and the impact of constellations of leisure motivation is relatively unknown. The current study uses South African adolescents in the HealthWise South Africa efficacy trial (N=2,204; M age =14.0) to identify profiles of leisure motivation, examine the association between profiles and substance use, and evaluate the impact of HealthWise on changes in motivation profiles over time. Results indicate three distinct profiles: high consistent motivation, low consistent motivation, and high intrinsic motivation. Members of the high intrinsic profile had the lowest odds of substance use. Profiles were fairly stable across all time points except for females in a high-training intervention school. Results illustrate the importance of identifying and understanding typologies of leisure motivation and health across time, which can be used to promote positive development in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori-Ann Palen
- Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Linda L Caldwell
- Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Lisa Wegner
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Joachim J Jacobs
- HIV & AIDS Programme, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Edward Smith
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
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The association of identity and motivation with students' academic achievement in higher education. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Werner S, Hochman Y. On self-identity: the process of inclusion of individuals with intellectual disabilities in the military. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:1639-1646. [PMID: 29475378 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1443158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identity development among individuals with disabilities may depend on their being included in central institutions in society. The centrality of the military in Israeli society makes it a highly important setting for inclusion and identity development. We examined the self-identity of young adults with intellectual disabilities who serve in the "Equal in Uniform" project. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-nine interviews were conducted with 31 individuals with intellectual disabilities. RESULTS Findings showed that military service helped develop the identity of soldiers, which enhanced their self-efficacy. Participants described their participation in the military as an opportunity to take an active part in socially valued roles. CONCLUSIONS Findings are discussed with reference to the effect of the project on the self-identity of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The meaning of successfully serving in socially valued roles for self-efficacy is discussed. Implications for rehabilitation Completing socially valued roles leads to greater self-efficacy, enhanced self-esteem and greater psychological well-being among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Inclusion of individuals with intellectual disabilities within a central community setting (specifically the military) allows them to deal with issues of identity development, as it does for other young people without intellectual disabilities. Receiving ongoing positive input from others for one's abilities and success is a conducive factor in positive identity formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirli Werner
- a Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare , Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Yael Hochman
- b School of Social Work , Sapir Academic College , Sederot , Israel
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Warren MT, Wray-Lake L. Does mindfulness prepare adolescents for value-behavior concordance? Examining the role of value content. J Adolesc 2017; 58:56-66. [PMID: 28499142 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Great thinkers throughout history advocated living one's values, yet little research has examined factors that contribute to adolescents' value-behavior concordance (VBC). Mindfulness may foster VBC via heightened awareness of values, but VBC for intrinsic values may be more adaptive than VBC for extrinsic values. To situate mindfulness in developmental context, we examined age and attachment security as predictors of mindfulness. We collected self- and parent-report data from 299 families (Mage-adolescents = 14.45, SD = 1.68; 51% female) from 42 US states to test these ideas. Results indicated that mindfulness was positively associated with intrinsic VBC but was negatively linked with extrinsic VBC, and both kinds of VBC partially mediated the link from mindfulness to meaning (but not life satisfaction). Attachment security was associated with higher mindfulness. Overall, mindfulness may deliver its benefits by helping young people avoid behaviors that align with extrinsic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Warren
- Institute for the Study of Human Flourishing, The University of Oklahoma, United States.
| | - Laura Wray-Lake
- Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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Bonaiuto M, Mao Y, Roberts S, Psalti A, Ariccio S, Ganucci Cancellieri U, Csikszentmihalyi M. Optimal Experience and Personal Growth: Flow and the Consolidation of Place Identity. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1654. [PMID: 27872600 PMCID: PMC5097910 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between flow experience and place identity, based on eudaimonistic identity theory (EIT) which prioritizes self-defining activities as important for an individual’s identification of his/her goals, values, beliefs, and interests corresponding to one’s own identity development or enhancement. This study focuses on place identity, the identity’s features relating to a person’s relation with her/his place. The study is also based on flow theory, according to which some salient features of an activity experience are important for happiness and well-being. Questionnaire surveys on Italian and Greek residents focused on their perceived flow and place identity in relation to their own specific local place experiences. The overall findings revealed that flow experience occurring in one’s own preferred place is widely reported as resulting from a range of self-defining activities, irrespective of gender or age, and it is positively and significantly associated with one’s own place identity. Such findings provide the first quantitative evidence about the link between flow experienced during meaningfully located self-defining activities and identity experienced at the place level, similarly to the corresponding personal and social levels that had been previously already empirically tested. Results are also discussed in terms of their implications for EIT’s understanding and enrichment, especially by its generalization from the traditional, personal identity level up to that of place identity. More generally, this study has implications for maintaining or enhancing one’s own place identity, and therefore people–place relations, by means of facilitating a person’s flow experience within psychologically meaningful places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Bonaiuto
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza Università di RomaRoma, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Psicologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di RomaRoma, Italy
| | - Yanhui Mao
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu, China
| | - Scott Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont CA, USA
| | - Anastasia Psalti
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Silvia Ariccio
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza Università di Roma Roma, Italy
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Xie H“J, Caldwell LL, Graham JW, Weybright EH, Wegner L, Smith EA. Perceived Parental Control, Restructuring Ability, and Leisure Motivation: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. LEISURE SCIENCES 2016; 39:319-335. [PMID: 30498285 PMCID: PMC6258035 DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2016.1194790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Leisure is viewed worldwide as an important developmental context for adolescents. As leisure research and programs are shared across nations, it is crucial to examine the cultural equivalence of leisure-related constructs and how they are related. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study explored the influence of perceived parental control and leisure restructuring ability on leisure motivation (amotivation and autonomous motivation) using samples of eighth grade adolescents in the United States and South Africa. Results of multiple-group structural equation modeling showed that the measurement model of the constructs was equivalent across the two samples, but the determinants of leisure motivation differed between the two samples. The findings provide implications for future cross-cultural research in leisure and offer insights on design and adaptation of leisure-based intervention and education programs in different cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui “Jimmy” Xie
- Department of Recreation and Tourism Management, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Linda L. Caldwell
- Department of Recreation Park and Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - John W. Graham
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Lisa Wegner
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Edward A. Smith
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Kim J, Seto E, Christy AG, Hicks JA. Investing in the real me: Preference for experiential to material purchases driven by the motivation to search for true self-knowledge. SELF AND IDENTITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2016.1208623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Coatsworth JD, Sharp EH, Palen LA, Darling N, Cumsille P, Marta E. Exploring adolescent self-defining leisure activities and identity experiences across three countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/01650250500166972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The developmental processes of identity exploration and formation in adolescence often take place within the context of leisure activities. The discovery model of identity formation proposes that these processes are reflected in part by adolescents' subjective identity-related experiences including personal expressiveness, flow, and goal-directed behaviour (Waterman, 1990, 1993). This model, however, has not been tested with cross-national samples. The purpose of this study was to examine the applicability of this general model of identity-related experiences within self-defining activities for a sample of 493 adolescents from the United States, Chile, and Italy. Confirmatory analyses of a three-factor model showed strong invariance across countries. Findings indicated that most adolescents reported high levels of identity experiences within self-defining activities. Results from Multivariate Analyses of Variance indicated considerable commonalities and a few significant differences in these experiences across the three countries and across five broad activity classes. Findings are discussed in the context of the growing literature on adolescent activity involvement and the relation of activities to identity exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Marta
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
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Mao Y, Roberts S, Pagliaro S, Csikszentmihalyi M, Bonaiuto M. Optimal Experience and Optimal Identity: A Multinational Study of the Associations Between Flow and Social Identity. Front Psychol 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 26924995 PMCID: PMC4760053 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudaimonistic identity theory posits a link between activity and identity, where a self-defining activity promotes the strength of a person’s identity. An activity engaged in with high enjoyment, full involvement, and high concentration can facilitate the subjective experience of flow. In the present paper, we hypothesized in accordance with the theory of psychological selection that beyond the promotion of individual development and complexity at the personal level, the relationship between flow and identity at the social level is also positive through participation in self-defining activities. Three different samples (i.e., American, Chinese, and Spanish) filled in measures for flow and social identity, with reference to four previously self-reported activities, characterized by four different combinations of skills (low vs. high) and challenges (low vs. high). Findings indicated that flow was positively associated with social identity across each of the above samples, regardless of participants’ gender and age. The results have implications for increasing social identity via participation in self-defining group activities that could facilitate flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Mao
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Process, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Scott Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont CA, USA
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Department of Psychology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Marino Bonaiuto
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Process, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
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Dark shadows of rumination: Finnish young adults' identity profiles, personal goals and concerns. J Adolesc 2016; 47:185-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Schwartz SJ, Hardy SA, Zamboanga BL, Meca A, Waterman AS, Picariello S, Luyckx K, Crocetti E, Kim SY, Brittian AS, Roberts SE, Whitbourne SK, Ritchie RA, Brown EJ, Forthun LF. Identity in young adulthood: Links with mental health and risky behavior. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 36:39-52. [PMID: 34334855 PMCID: PMC8319849 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to contribute to our understanding of young adult identity development by deriving latent profiles from intrapersonal and interpersonal indices of identity synthesis and confusion. A sample of 9737 college-attending young adults completed measures of identity, mental health, and health risk behaviors. Four latent profiles emerged: Synthesized (high synthesis, low confusion), Diffused (moderate synthesis, high confusion), Elevated (high synthesis and confusion), and Moderate (moderate synthesis and confusion). The Synthesized profile was associated with the highest well-being and the lowest levels of internalizing, externalizing, and health risks. The Diffused and Elevated profiles were both associated with low well-being and with high internalizing, externalizing, and risky behaviors - with the Elevated profile highest on all of the negative outcomes. The Moderate profile scored intermediately on well-being, internalizing, externalizing, and health risks. These results are discussed in terms of the role of identity within a successful transition to adulthood.
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Berzonsky MD, Papini DR. Identity Processing Styles and Value Orientations: The Mediational Role of Self-Regulation and Identity Commitment. IDENTITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2013.858228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bester S, Quinn M. Using a Personal Portfolio for Identity Development with an Adolescent. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2010.10820391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chen JA, Metcalf SJ, Tutwiler MS. Motivation and beliefs about the nature of scientific knowledge within an immersive virtual ecosystems environment. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brink AJW, Wissing MP. Towards a theory-based positive youth development programme. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2013; 25:7-22. [DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2013.802869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schwartz SJ, Waterman AS, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Lee RM, Kim SY, Vazsonyi AT, Huynh QL, Whitbourne SK, Park IJK, Hudson M, Zamboanga BL, Bersamin MM, Williams MK. Acculturation and well-being among college students from immigrant families. J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:298-318. [PMID: 23907749 PMCID: PMC7871524 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to ascertain the associations between acculturation and well-being in first-generation and second-generation immigrant college students. Acculturation was operationalized as a multidimensional construct comprised of heritage and American cultural practices, values (individualism and collectivism), and identifications, and well-being was operationalized in terms of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic components. METHOD Participants were 2,774 first-generation and second-generation immigrant students (70% women), from 6 ethnic groups and from 30 colleges and universities around the United States. Participants completed measures of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications, as well as of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic well-being. RESULTS Findings indicated that individualistic values were positively related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being, and positively, although somewhat less strongly, linked with subjective well-being. American and heritage identifications were both modestly related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being. These findings were consistent across gender, immigrant generation (first versus second), and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Psychological and eudaimonic well-being appear to be inherently individualistic conceptions of happiness, and endorsement of individualistic values appears linked with these forms of well-being. Attachments to a cultural group-the United States, one's country of origin, or both-appear to promote psychological and eudaimonic well-being as well. The present findings suggest that similar strategies can be used to promote well-being for both male and female students, for students from various ethnic backgrounds, and for both first-generation and second-generation immigrant students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Center for Family Studies, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, UA.
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Schwartz SJ, Waterman AS, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Lee RM, Kim SY, Vazsonyi AT, Huynh QL, Whitbourne SK, Park IJK, Hudson M, Zamboanga BL, Bersamin MM, Williams MK. Acculturation and Well-Being Among College Students From Immigrant Families. J Clin Psychol 2012:n/a-n/a. [PMID: 22549290 DOI: 10.1002/jclp21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to ascertain the associations between acculturation and well-being in first-generation and second-generation immigrant college students. Acculturation was operationalized as a multidimensional construct comprised of heritage and American cultural practices, values (individualism and collectivism), and identifications, and well-being was operationalized in terms of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic components. METHOD: Participants were 2,774 first-generation and second-generation immigrant students (70% women), from 6 ethnic groups and from 30 colleges and universities around the United States. Participants completed measures of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications, as well as of subjective, psychological, and eudaimonic well-being. RESULTS: Findings indicated that individualistic values were positively related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being, and positively, although somewhat less strongly, linked with subjective well-being. American and heritage identifications were both modestly related to psychological and eudaimonic well-being. These findings were consistent across gender, immigrant generation (first versus second), and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological and eudaimonic well-being appear to be inherently individualistic conceptions of happiness, and endorsement of individualistic values appears linked with these forms of well-being. Attachments to a cultural group-the United States, one's country of origin, or both-appear to promote psychological and eudaimonic well-being as well. The present findings suggest that similar strategies can be used to promote well-being for both male and female students, for students from various ethnic backgrounds, and for both first-generation and second-generation immigrant students. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 00:1-21, 2012.
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Sharp EH, Coatsworth JD. Adolescent Future Orientation: The Role of Identity Discovery in Self-Defining Activities and Context in Two Rural Samples. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2012.668731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schwartz SJ, Klimstra TA, Luyckx K, Hale WW, Meeus WHJ. Characterizing the Self-System over Time in Adolescence: Internal Structure and Associations with Internalizing Symptoms. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 41:1208-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Caldwell LL, Witt PA. Leisure, recreation, and play from a developmental context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2011:13-27. [PMID: 21786407 DOI: 10.1002/yd.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Participation in activities and experiences defined as play, recreation,and leisure has important developmental implications for youth. Elements and characteristics of leisure experiences contribute directly to the development of identity, autonomy, competence,initiative, civic duty, and social connections. Whether in informal or formal, appropriately structured and organized programs,leisure experiences can help facilitate adolescent development in these areas. For example, one of the defining elements of leisure is that it is characterized by free choice and self-determination. Programs that promote leadership, choice, autonomy, and initiative can help adolescents deal with developmental challenges associated with this age group. Leisure experiences can also promote civic engagement and provide important peer-to-peer, peer to-adult, and peer-to-community connections. The social context of leisure is important to adolescent development in that it provides opportunities to learn empathy, loyalty, and intimacy in their group activities, as well as to negotiate with peers, resolve conflict,and work together for communal goals. In addition, adolescents often report positive emotional experiences in leisure, which can serve as a relief from the stress they feel in other areas of their lives and contribute to positive psychological adjustment and well-being. A case study is used to show how planned, purposive programs can be used as critical components of efforts to contribute to adolescent development.
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Palen LA, Caldwell LL, Smith EA, Gleeson SL, Patrick ME. A mixed-method analysis of free-time involvement and motivation among adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa. LEISURE (WATERLOO, ONT.) 2011; 35:227-252. [PMID: 23055820 PMCID: PMC3466084 DOI: 10.1080/14927713.2011.615641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Using focus group (N = 114) and survey (N = 946) data, this study employed Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as an organizing framework to examine free-time use and motivation among predominantly mixed-race adolescents from one area in South Africa. Adolescents reported participating in a broad range of activities, with socializing, media use, sports, risk behaviour, and performing arts being most frequently mentioned. All of the motivation types proposed by SDT were spontaneously mentioned by focus group participants. Free time was most strongly characterized by intrinsic motivations, such as competence, relatedness, and positive affect. Activities were also seen as a way to achieve outside goals. With few exceptions, multiple motivations were identified for the same activities, and specific motivations were reported across multiple activity types. The findings suggest that positive motivational experiences were not limited to a specific subset of activities. However, future longitudinal research on participation, motivation, and outcomes is needed to determine the developmental implications of different forms of free-time motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori-Ann Palen
- Risk Behavior and Family Research, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194 USA
| | - Linda L. Caldwell
- Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Edward A. Smith
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Sarah L. Gleeson
- Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1248 USA
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26
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Soenens B, Berzonsky MD, Dunkel CS, Papini DR, Vansteenkiste M. Are all identity commitments created equally? The importance of motives for commitment for late adolescents’ personal adjustment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025411405954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of self-determination theory it is proposed that adolescents’ motives for forming and maintaining identity-relevant commitments can be either autonomous or controlled in nature. This study examined whether motives for identity commitments would add to the prediction of late adolescents’ adjustment beyond the effect of strength of commitment per se. In addition, it was examined how late adolescents’ identity-processing styles would relate to motives for commitment and whether motives for commitment would mediate between identity styles and adjustment. In a sample of 431 late adolescents it was found that autonomous and controlled motives were, respectively, positively and negatively related to adjustment even after taking into account the role of strength of commitment. Each of the three identity styles showed a specific pattern of associations with the motives for commitment, with an information-oriented style relating to the most autonomous and internalized motivational profile. Mediation analyses showed that at least part of the associations between identity styles and adjustment are mediated by motives for commitment. Directions for future research are discussed.
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Sharp EH, Coffman DL, Caldwell LL, Smith EA, Wegner L, Vergnani T, Mathews C. Predicting substance use behavior among South African adolescents: The role of leisure experiences across time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2011; 35:343-351. [PMID: 22707811 DOI: 10.1177/0165025411404494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using seven waves of data, collected twice a year from the 8th through the 11th grades in a low-resource community in Cape Town, South Africa, we aimed to describe the developmental trends in three specific leisure experiences (leisure boredom, new leisure interests, and healthy leisure) and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) behaviors and to investigate the ways in which changes in leisure experiences predict changes in substance use behaviors over time. Results indicated that adolescents' substance use increased significantly across adolescence, but that leisure experiences remained fairly stable over time. We also found that adolescent leisure experiences predicted baseline substance use and that changes in leisure experiences predicted changes in substance use behaviors over time, with leisure boredom emerging as the most consistent and strongest predictor of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Implications for interventions that target time use and leisure experiences are discussed.
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28
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Sinnappan P, Rahman AA. Antecedents of Green Purchasing Behavior among Malaysian Consumers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ibm.2011.129.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Schwartz SJ, Waterman AS, Vazsonyi AT, Zamboanga BL, Whitbourne SK, Weisskirch RS, Vernon M, Caraway SJ, Kim SY, Forthun LF, Donnellan MB, Ham LS. The Association of Well-Being with Health Risk Behaviors in College-Attending Young Adults. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2011; 15:20-36. [PMID: 33707936 PMCID: PMC7946159 DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2011.538617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the associations of well-being with engagement in illicit drug use, sexual risk taking, and impaired driving in a sample of 9,515 students from 30 U.S. colleges and universities. Participants completed measures of subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and eudaimonic well-being, and indicated how many times in the past 30 days that they had engaged in several illicit drug use, sexual risk, and impaired driving behaviors. Findings indicated that well-being was negatively associated with incidence of illicit drug use and some sexual risk behaviors, but not with incidence of drunk/drugged driving or riding with an impaired driver. Well-being was negatively related to frequency of casual sex, sex while drunk/high, drunk/drugged driving, and riding with an impaired driver. Associations of well-being were strongest for more dangerous types of drug use and sexual behavior and for riding with an impaired driver. Results are discussed in terms of implications for research and intervention development.
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30
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Milner LA, Ferrari JR. The Role of Goal Orientation in Emerging Adult Identity Processing Styles. IDENTITY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2010.523645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Eichas K, Albrecht RE, Garcia AJ, Ritchie RA, Varela A, Garcia A, Rinaldi R, Wang R, Montgomery MJ, Silverman WK, Jaccard J, Kurtines WM. Mediators of Positive Youth Development Intervention Change: Promoting Change in Positive and Problem Outcomes? CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-010-9103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Waterman AS, Schwartz SJ, Zamboanga BL, Ravert RD, Williams MK, Agocha VB, Kim SY, Donnellan MB. The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 5:41-61. [PMID: 34326891 DOI: 10.1080/17439760903435208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB) was developed to measure well-being in a manner consistent with how it is conceptualized in eudaimonist philosophy. Aspects of eudaimonic well-being assessed by the QEWB include self-discovery, perceived development of one's best potentials, a sense of purpose and meaning in life, intense involvement in activities, investment of significant effort, and enjoyment of activities as personally expressive. The QEWB was administered to two large, ethnically diverse samples of college students drawn from multiple sites across the United States. A three-part evaluation of the instrument was conducted: (1) evaluating psychometric properties, (2) comparing QEWB scores across gender, age, ethnicity, family income, and family structure, and (3) assessing the convergent, discriminant, construct, and incremental validity of the QEWB. Six hypotheses relating QEWB scores to identity formation, personality traits, and positive and negative psychological functioning were evaluated. The internal consistency of the scale was high and results of independent CFAs indicated that the QEWB items patterned onto a common factor. The distribution of scores approximated a normal curve. Demographic variables were found to predict only small proportions of QEWB score variability. Support for the hypotheses tested provides evidence for the validity of the QEWB as an instrument for assessing eudaimonic well-being. Implications for theory and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Waterman
- Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Family Studies, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychology, Clark Science Center, Smith College, Northampton, USA
| | - Russell D Ravert
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | - V Bede Agocha
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas-Austin, USA
| | - M Brent Donnellan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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33
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Busseri MA, Rose-Krasnor L. Breadth and intensity: salient, separable, and developmentally significant dimensions of structured youth activity involvement. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 27:907-33. [PMID: 19994486 DOI: 10.1348/026151008x397017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an impressive volume of evidence has accumulated demonstrating that youth involvement in structured, organized activities (e.g. school sports, community clubs) may facilitate positive youth development. We present a theory-based framework for studying structured activity involvement (SAI) as a context for positive youth development based on two key dimensions: breadth and intensity of involvement. Our main goal is to demonstrate the separability, salience, and developmental significance of these two dimensions. We review three developmental theoretical approaches (identity development, life-span selection-optimization-compensation theory, and affordances) that support our conceptualization of breadth and intensity as salient and significant dimensions of SAI. We also summarize our recent program of research on SAI demonstrating the separability of breadth and intensity dimensions, which shows links between these dimensions and indicators of positive development. Finally, we discuss how the proposed breadth-intensity approach could be used to extend research on the linkage between youth SAI and successful development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Busseri
- Lifespan Development Research Centre, PL 518B, Brock University, Saint Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
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34
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Caldwell LL, Patrick ME, Smith EA, Palen LA, Wegner L. Influencing Adolescent Leisure Motivation: Intervention Effects of HealthWise South Africa. JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH 2010; 42:203-220. [PMID: 25429164 PMCID: PMC4241774 DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2010.11950202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates changes in self-reported motivation for leisure due to participation in HealthWise, a high school curriculum aimed at decreasing risk behavior and promoting health behavior. Participants were 2,193 mixed race adolescents (M = 14 years old) from 9 schools (4 intervention, 5 control) near Cape Town, South Africa. Students in the HealthWise school with the greatest involvement in teacher training and implementation fidelity reported increased intrinsic and identified motivation and decreased introjected motivation and amotivation compared to students in control schools. These results point to the potential for intervention programming to influence leisure motivation among adolescents in South Africa and represent a first step toward identifying leisure motivation as a mediator of program effects.
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35
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Bourgeois DY, Busseri MA, Rose-Krasnor L. Ethnolinguistic Identity and Youth Activity Involvement in a Sample of Minority Canadian Francophone Youth. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15283480802669879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Mageau GA, Vallerand RJ, Charest J, Salvy SJ, Lacaille N, Bouffard T, Koestner R. On the development of harmonious and obsessive passion: the role of autonomy support, activity specialization, and identification with the activity. J Pers 2009; 77:601-46. [PMID: 20078732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent research (Vallerand et al., 2003) has supported the existence of two types of passion for activities: a harmonious and an obsessive passion. The purpose of this investigation was to study the processes likely to lead to the development of passion. Three studies using correlational and short-term longitudinal designs with varied populations ranging from beginners to experts reveal that identification with the activity, activity specialization, parents' activity valuation, and autonomy support predict the development of passion. Furthermore, results show that children and teenagers whose environment supports their autonomy are more likely to develop a harmonious passion than an obsessive one. Conversely, children and teenagers who highly value activity specialization, who rely heavily on their activity for self-definition, and whose parents highly value the activity are more likely to develop an obsessive passion.
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37
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Waterman AS. Reconsidering happiness: a eudaimonist's perspective. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760802303002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Waterman AS. Introduction to the Special Issue: Psychosocial Identity and Well-Being. IDENTITY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15283480701600710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Waterman AS. Doing Well: The Relationship of Identity Status to Three Conceptions of Well-Being. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15283480701600769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Palen LA, Coatsworth JD. Activity-based identity experiences and their relations to problem behavior and psychological well-being in adolescence. J Adolesc 2007; 30:721-37. [PMID: 17222899 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored the associations between activity-based identity experiences and youth outcomes. Participants were 107 high school students and one parent or guardian of each from three communities in a Northeastern state. Youth completed a measure of activity-based identity experiences (Personally Expressive Activities Questionnaire (PEAQ) [Waterman, A. S. (1990). Personal expressiveness: Philosophical and psychological foundations. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 11, 47-74]), as well as measures of psychological well-being, substance use, and delinquency. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist [Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry]. Together, three identity experiences derived from the PEAQ, personal expressiveness, goal-directed behavior, and flow, were significant predictors of adolescent-reported delinquency and well-being. Goal-directed behavior also uniquely predicted adolescent-reported delinquency and well-being. Suggestions for future research and potential implications for intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori-Ann Palen
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, S-113 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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41
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Schwartz SJ, Waterman AS. Changing interests: A longitudinal study of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Individual Motivation and Parental Influence on Adolescents’ Experiences of Interest in Free Time: A Longitudinal Examination. J Youth Adolesc 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-006-9045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Sharp EH, Coatsworth JD, Darling N, Cumsille P, Ranieri S. Gender differences in the self-defining activities and identity experiences of adolescents and emerging adults. J Adolesc 2006; 30:251-69. [PMID: 16600358 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Revised: 02/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Activity participation provides a unique context for adolescents and emerging adults to explore interests, talents, and skills and for identity work to occur. Research has found consistent gender differences in the types of activities in which males and females participate. The current study drew on Eudaimonistic identity theory to examine the subjective identity-related experiences of personal expressiveness, flow experiences, and goal-directed behaviour [Waterman, 1984; Waterman, 2004. Finding someone to be: Studies on the role of intrinsic motivation in identity formation. Identity, 4, 209-228] within a special type of activity, self-defining activities, or those activities that participants identify as being important to who they are as a person. This study also tested for gender and country differences in a sample of 572 adolescents and emerging adults from the United States, Italy, and Chile. Findings indicate gender and country differences in the types of self-defining activities for males and females, but no gender differences in the reported identity-related experiences within those activities. This finding held across the three countries. Results from Multivariate Analyses of Variance also indicate that identity-related experiences differ significantly across seven broad activity classes. Findings are discussed in the context of the growing literature on adolescent activity involvement and time use, gender, and their relations to identity exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hiley Sharp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 South Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Schwartz SJ. Predicting identity consolidation from self-construction, eudaimonistic self-discovery, and agentic personality. J Adolesc 2006; 29:777-93. [PMID: 16426674 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to ascertain the extent to which three alternative perspectives on identity development (self-construction, eudaimonistic self-discovery, and agentic personality) relate to various indices of identity consolidation drawn from Erikson, identity status, and identity capital. A total of 183 participants (21% males; 78% ethnic minorities) completed measures drawn from Eriksonian, identity status, self-construction, eudaimonistic self-discovery, and identity capital perspectives. Self-construction, eudaimonistic self-discovery, and agentic personality (as operationalized within the identity capital model) each showed differential patterns of relationships to measures of identity consolidation, suggesting that all three strategies can be used to develop a sense of identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Center for Family Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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45
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Côté J. Identity Studies: How Close Are We to Developing a Social Science of Identity?—An Appraisal of the Field. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1207/s1532706xid0601_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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