1
|
Sulatsky MI, Belousov MV, Kosolapova AO, Mikhailova EV, Romanenko MN, Antonets KS, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Nizhnikov AA, Sulatskaya AI. Amyloid Fibrils of Pisum sativum L. Vicilin Inhibit Pathological Aggregation of Mammalian Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12932. [PMID: 37629113 PMCID: PMC10454621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although incurable pathologies associated with the formation of highly ordered fibrillar protein aggregates called amyloids have been known for about two centuries, functional roles of amyloids have been studied for only two decades. Recently, we identified functional amyloids in plants. These amyloids formed using garden pea Pisum sativum L. storage globulin and vicilin, accumulated during the seed maturation and resisted treatment with gastric enzymes and canning. Thus, vicilin amyloids ingested with food could interact with mammalian proteins. In this work, we analyzed the effects of vicilin amyloids on the fibril formation of proteins that form pathological amyloids. We found that vicilin amyloids inhibit the fibrillogenesis of these proteins. In particular, vicilin amyloids decrease the number and length of lysozyme amyloid fibrils; the length and width of β-2-microglobulin fibrils; the number, length and the degree of clustering of β-amyloid fibrils; and, finally, they change the structure and decrease the length of insulin fibrils. Such drastic influences of vicilin amyloids on the pathological amyloids' formation cause the alteration of their toxicity for mammalian cells, which decreases for all tested amyloids with the exception of insulin. Taken together, our study, for the first time, demonstrates the anti-amyloid effect of vicilin fibrils and suggests the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim I. Sulatsky
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.I.S.); (E.V.M.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Mikhail V. Belousov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.B.); (A.O.K.); (M.N.R.); (K.S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiia O. Kosolapova
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.B.); (A.O.K.); (M.N.R.); (K.S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Mikhailova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.I.S.); (E.V.M.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Maria N. Romanenko
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.B.); (A.O.K.); (M.N.R.); (K.S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Antonets
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.B.); (A.O.K.); (M.N.R.); (K.S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.I.S.); (E.V.M.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.I.S.); (E.V.M.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Anton A. Nizhnikov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.B.); (A.O.K.); (M.N.R.); (K.S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna I. Sulatskaya
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.I.S.); (E.V.M.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pilvenyte G, Ratautaite V, Boguzaite R, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Plausinaitis D, Ramanaviciene A, Bechelany M, Ramanavicius A. Molecularly imprinted polymers for the recognition of biomarkers of certain neurodegenerative diseases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115343. [PMID: 36934618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of the biomarkers in body fluids like blood, urine, saliva, tears, etc. can be used for the identification of many diseases. This article aimed to summarize the studies about electrochemical biosensors with molecularly imprinted polymers as sensitive and selective layers on the electrode to detect protein-based biomarkers of such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stress. The main attention in this article is focused on the detection methods of amyloid-β oligomers and p-Tau which are representative biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein as the biomarker of Parkinson's disease, and α-amylase and lysozyme as the biomarkers of stress using molecular imprinting technology. The research methods, the application of different electrodes, the influence of the polymers, and the established detection limits are reviewed and compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Pilvenyte
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Raimonda Boguzaite
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Deivis Plausinaitis
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song M, Bai H, Zhang P, Zhou X, Ying B. Promising applications of human-derived saliva biomarker testing in clinical diagnostics. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:2. [PMID: 36596771 PMCID: PMC9810734 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva testing is a vital method for clinical applications, for its noninvasive features, richness in substances, and the huge amount. Due to its direct anatomical connection with oral, digestive, and endocrine systems, clinical usage of saliva testing for these diseases is promising. Furthermore, for other diseases that seeming to have no correlations with saliva, such as neurodegenerative diseases and psychological diseases, researchers also reckon saliva informative. Tremendous papers are being produced in this field. Updated summaries of recent literature give newcomers a shortcut to have a grasp of this topic. Here, we focused on recent research about saliva biomarkers that are derived from humans, not from other organisms. The review mostly addresses the proceedings from 2016 to 2022, to shed light on the promising usage of saliva testing in clinical diagnostics. We recap the recent advances following the category of different types of biomarkers, such as intracellular DNA, RNA, proteins and intercellular exosomes, cell-free DNA, to give a comprehensive impression of saliva biomarker testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Song
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Bai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Human Saliva Laboratory & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Human Saliva Laboratory & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Zhang Z, Diao W, Zhou C, Song Y, Wang R, Luo X, Liu G. Early-diagnosis of major depressive disorder: From biomarkers to point-of-care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
5
|
The Effects of Physical Exercise on Saliva Composition: A Comprehensive Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10010007. [PMID: 35049605 PMCID: PMC8775020 DOI: 10.3390/dj10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva consists of organic and inorganic constituents. During exercise, analysis of the saliva can provide valuable information regarding training stress, adaptation and exercise performance. The objective of the present article was to review the effect of physical exercise on saliva composition. The shift in the composition of the saliva, during and after a workout, reflects the benefits of exercise, its potential risks and the capability of the saliva to serve as a health indicator. The type and the frequency of training, the physical condition and the athletes’ general health influence the hormones, immunoglobulins and saliva enzymes. The correlation between saliva and physical exercise has to be further investigated and the available knowledge to be applied for the benefit of the athletes during sports activities.
Collapse
|
6
|
Łoś K, Waszkiewicz N. Biological Markers in Anxiety Disorders. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1744. [PMID: 33920547 PMCID: PMC8073190 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are one of the most commonly reported disorders in psychiatry, causing a high medical and socio-economic burden. Recently, there has been a soaring interest in the biological basis of anxiety disorders, which is reflected in an increasing number of articles related to the topic. Due to the ambiguity of the diagnosis and a large number of underdiagnosed patients, researchers are looking for laboratory tests that could facilitate the diagnosis of anxiety disorders in clinical practice and would allow for the earliest possible implementation of appropriate treatment. Such potential biomarkers may also be useable in monitoring the efficacy of pharmacological therapy for anxiety disorders. Therefore this article reviews the literature of potential biomarkers such as components of saliva, peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and neuroimaging studies. There are promising publications in the literature that can be useful. The most valuable and promising markers of saliva are cortisol, lysozyme, and α-amylase (sAA). In the blood, in turn, we can distinguish serotonin, brain-derived serum neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol, and microRNA. Structural changes in the amygdala and hippocampus are promising neuroimaging markers, while in CSF, potential markers include oxytocin and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Unfortunately, research in the field of biomarkers is hampered by insufficient knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of anxiety disorders, the significant heterogeneity of anxiety disorders, frequent comorbidities, and low specificity of biomarkers. The development of appropriate biomarker panels and their assessment using new approaches may have the prospective to overcome the above-mentioned obstacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Łoś
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Plac Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bouillon-Minois JB, Trousselard M, Pereira B, Schmidt J, Clinchamps M, Thivel D, Ugbolue UC, Moustafa F, Occelli C, Vallet G, Dutheil F. Protocol of the Study on Emergency Health Care Workers' Responses Evaluated by Karasek Questionnaire: The SEEK-Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4068. [PMID: 33921527 PMCID: PMC8069162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a significant public health concern that can be self-evaluated using the job control demands model from Karasek. Emergency health care workers are particularly exposed to stress because of the intrinsic characteristics associated with the job (i.e., life-threatening emergencies, overcrowding, lack of bed spaces). However, these attributes have never been studied using the Karasek model. METHODS An observational, prospective, multicentric study in French Emergency Departments will be conducted using a cohort of emergency health care workers. Four questionnaires before a control day and after a nightshift will be assessed every 5 years in the same emergency departments. Also, the Karasek questionnaire, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, the Hospital Anxiety, Depression Scale, and a food intake questionnaire will be evaluated. Salivary biomarkers (cortisol, immunoglobulin A, lysozyme) will be collected from every emergency health care worker who consents to participating in the study. CONCLUSION This study will provide a point of care for the emergency health care workers' stress situation every 5 years. Ethics: This protocol was registered in Clinical Trials under the identification NCT02401607 after the French Ethics Committee's approval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Emergency Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.S.); (F.M.)
- LaPSCo, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.V.); (F.D.)
| | - Marion Trousselard
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France;
- APEMAC/EPSAM, EA 4360, Ile du Saulcy, BP 30309, 57006 Metz, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Jeannot Schmidt
- Emergency Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Maelys Clinchamps
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G720LH, UK;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Farès Moustafa
- Emergency Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Céline Occelli
- Emergency Department, CHU Nice, 06000 Nice, France;
- Emergency Department, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Vallet
- LaPSCo, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.V.); (F.D.)
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- LaPSCo, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.V.); (F.D.)
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chojnowska S, Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek I, Kępka A, Knaś M, Waszkiewicz N. Salivary Biomarkers of Stress, Anxiety and Depression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030517. [PMID: 33535653 PMCID: PMC7867141 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress, anxiety and depressive disorders are often characterized by the activation of the stress axis, which results in similar symptoms at some point in these disorders. These disorders are closely related to each other—they occur simultaneously or follow one another. The diagnosis of stress, anxiety and depression is not a perfect procedure currently—it is based on patient observation and an interview with the patient and their family. There are no laboratory tests that would dispel the doubts of the doctor making the diagnosis and allow the appropriate treatment to be implemented as soon as possible. Therefore, this study will review the components of saliva that could be helpful in the quick diagnosis of stress, anxiety and/or depression. Such potential salivary biomarkers could also be useful in monitoring the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment prescribed by a psychiatrist. The following are promising salivary biomarkers of stress, anxiety or depression: cortisol, immunoglobulin A (sIgA), lysozyme, melatonin, α-amylase (sAA), chromogranin A (CgA) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). To the best valuable potential salivary markers of stress, we can include cortisol, lysozyme, sAA and CgA. To differentiate depression from stress, salivary cortisol and melatonin can be helpful. Fluctuations in the concentrations of the above-mentioned substances in saliva indicate a particularly strong relationship with typical human psychological problems, such as stress, depression or anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Chojnowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Akademicka Street 14, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Alina Kępka
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Knaś
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Akademicka Street 14, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karnatovskaia LV, Johnson MM, Varga K, Highfield JA, Wolfrom BD, Philbrick KL, Ely EW, Jackson JC, Gajic O, Ahmad SR, Niven AS. Stress and Fear: Clinical Implications for Providers and Patients (in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond). Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:2487-2498. [PMID: 33153636 PMCID: PMC7606075 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we explore the role of stress, fear, and the impact of positive and negative emotions on health and disease. We then introduce strategies to help mitigate stress within the health care team, and provide a rationale for their efficacy. Additionally, we identify strategies to optimize patient care and explain their heightened importance in today's environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katalin Varga
- Affective Psychology Department, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julie A Highfield
- Department of Clinical Psychology in Critical Care, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Brent D Wolfrom
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - E Wesley Ely
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee Valley Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - James C Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31750312 PMCID: PMC6843074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019. [PMID: 31750312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Righi C, Menchetti L, Orlandi R, Moscati L, Mancini S, Diverio S. Welfare Assessment in Shelter Dogs by Using Physiological and Immunological Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060340. [PMID: 31212652 PMCID: PMC6616394 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In “no-kill policy” countries, many dogs live in shelters. Several social, environmental, and management challenges can put the welfare of shelter dogs at risk. More knowledge is still needed on how to assess shelter dog welfare. This study aimed to evaluate the state of welfare of a group of dogs entering a shelter using physiological and immunological parameters by exploring the value of some biological indicators obtained by non-invasive methods. Considering that early welfare assessment could improve the management of subjects more prone to developing distress, measurements were taken at the time of admission and four weeks after the dogs entered the shelter. A multivariate statistical approach was used to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between the variables investigated. A reduction in the values of the measured physiological and immune parameters over time suggested an improvement in the dogs’ welfare after four weeks of being in the shelter compared to the initial capture and admission time. Findings also highlighted that some of the parameters investigated, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and fecal cortisol and lysozyme could be used for the welfare assessment of dogs entering a shelter. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the state of welfare of a group of dogs during the first month after entering the shelter by using different stress parameters. Blood and fecal samples were collected from a group of 71 dogs at the time of admission to the shelter. In 46 of these dogs, sampling was repeated after four weeks. Well-recognized welfare biomarkers, such as fecal cortisol and leukocytes, as well as some innovative parameters (β-endorphin and lysozyme) were determined. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate their interactions and changes over time. Neutrophils (p < 0.01), lysozyme (p < 0.05), and fecal cortisol (p < 0.05) decreased, while lymphocytes (p < 0.05) increased after four weeks compared to the first days of being in the shelter, suggesting an improvement in the dogs’ welfare over time. A principal component analysis extracted three bipolar components (PCs), explaining 75% of the variance and indicating negative associations between neutrophil and lymphocyte (PC1), lysozyme and β-endorphin (PC2), cortisol and lysozyme (PC3). The associations between these variables within each PC also confirmed the intricate relationships between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the immune system as well as the importance of a multiparametric approach in evaluating welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Righi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Laura Menchetti
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Livia Moscati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefania Mancini
- Public Veterinary Services for Urban Hygiene and Prevention of Stray Dogs, USL Umbria 1, Municipal Rescue Dog Shelter, Strada per Brufa snc, Collestrada, 06148 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Silvana Diverio
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jones AW, Davison G. Exercise, Immunity, and Illness. MUSCLE AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7149380 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that moderate amounts of exercise improve immune system functions and hence reduce the risk of infection whereas athletes engaged in regular prolonged and/or intensive training have a higher than “normal” incidence of minor infections, especially of the upper respiratory tract (URT, e.g., common cold and influenza). This is likely related to regular acute (and possibly chronic) periods of exercise-induced changes in immune function. URT infections can compromise performance directly if suffered shortly before or during competition or indirectly if suffered at other times via effects on training and/or physiological adaptations. This chapter covers the effects of exercise (acute and chronic), both positive and negative, on immune function and consequent infection risk, and considers the current state-of-the-art for monitoring and assessing this in athletes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fluorescence Sensing Using DNA Aptamers in Cancer Research and Clinical Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120174. [PMID: 29261171 PMCID: PMC5742822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various advantages of aptamers over antibodies, remarkable is their ability to tolerate a large number of chemical modifications within their backbone or at the termini without losing significant activity. Indeed, aptamers can be easily equipped with a wide variety of reporter groups or coupled to different carriers, nanoparticles, or other biomolecules, thus producing valuable molecular recognition tools effective for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review reports an updated overview on fluorescent DNA aptamers, designed to recognize significant cancer biomarkers both in soluble or membrane-bound form. In many examples, the aptamer secondary structure switches induced by target recognition are suitably translated in a detectable fluorescent signal using either fluorescently-labelled or label-free aptamers. The fluorescence emission changes, producing an enhancement (“signal-on”) or a quenching (“signal-off”) effect, directly reflect the extent of the binding, thereby allowing for quantitative determination of the target in bioanalytical assays. Furthermore, several aptamers conjugated to fluorescent probes proved to be effective for applications in tumour diagnosis and intraoperative surgery, producing tumour-type specific, non-invasive in vivo imaging tools for cancer pre- and post-treatment assessment.
Collapse
|
15
|
Prall SP, Larson EE, Muehlenbein MP. The role of dehydroepiandrosterone on functional innate immune responses to acute stress. Stress Health 2017; 33:656-664. [PMID: 28401652 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) responds to stress activation, exhibits anti-glucocorticoid properties, and modulates immunity in diverse ways, yet little is known of its role in acute stress responses. In this study, the effects of DHEA and its sulfate ester DHEA-S on human male immune function during exposure to an acute stressor is explored. Variation in DHEA, DHEA-S, testosterone, and cortisol, along with bacterial killing assays, was measured in response to a modified Trier Social Stress test in 27 young adult males. Cortisol was positively related to salivary innate immunity but only for participants who also exhibited high DHEA responses. Additionally, DHEA positively and DHEA-S negatively predicted salivary immunity, but the opposite was observed for serum-based innate immunity. The DHEA response to acute stress appears to be an important factor in stress-mediated immunological responses, with differential effects on immunity dependent upon the presence of other hormones, primarily cortisol and DHEA-S. These results suggest that DHEA plays an important role, alongside other hormones, in modulating immunological shifts during acute stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Prall
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Emilee E Larson
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Iacopetti I, Perazzi A, Badon T, Bedin S, Contiero B, Ricci R. Salivary pH, calcium, phosphorus and selected enzymes in healthy dogs: a pilot study. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:330. [PMID: 29126424 PMCID: PMC5681786 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva in dogs, as in humans, is a complex fluid secreted by different salivary glands in the oral cavity to protect the oral mucosa and teeth. The use of saliva as a substitute for blood in diagnosing and prognosticating disease in humans is widely accepted. Salivary biochemistry has also been used as a marker for periodontal disease in humans. No studies have as yet investigated the relation between salivary biochemistry and periodontal disease in dogs, however; neither has the salivary composition of healthy dogs with no oral disease been assessed. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview on pH distribution and a set of salivary biochemical analytes (calcium, phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, lysozyme and amylase) commonly related to oral health in humans in a subset population of healthy young dogs with no periodontal disease or previous oral disease. Data were analyzed to gather salivary reference ranges for pH and each parameter and to assess a possible correlation between salivary and serum analytes. RESULTS Twenty-nine adult client-owned dogs were recruited for the study. Lactate dehydrogenase and lysozyme showed higher concentrations in saliva than in serum, whereas amylase showed the contrary. Salivary biochemistry values did not differ between males and females or between non-neutered and neutered individuals. No significant correlations between salivary and serum calcium, phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase and lysozyme were identified in this study. Data allowed intervals for the salivary pH and other analytes investigated to be obtained from healthy dogs with healthy oral conditions. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data can contribute to enlarge our understanding of the functional role of saliva and its relation to oral health in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Iacopetti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Anna Perazzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Tamara Badon
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Silvia Bedin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Rebecca Ricci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Killer SC, Svendsen IS, Gleeson M. The influence of hydration status during prolonged endurance exercise on salivary antimicrobial proteins. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1887-95. [PMID: 25893563 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) in saliva including secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), lactoferrin (SLac) and lysozyme (SLys) are important in host defence against oral and respiratory infections. This study investigated the effects of hydration status on saliva AMP responses to endurance exercise. METHODS Using a randomized design, 10 healthy male participants (age 23 ± 4 years, [Formula: see text] 56.8 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) completed 2 h cycling at 60 % [Formula: see text] in states of euhydration (EH) or dehydration (DH) induced by 24 h fluid restriction. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected before, during, immediately post-exercise and each hour for 3 h recovery. RESULTS Fluid restriction resulted in a 1.5 ± 0.5 % loss of body mass from baseline and a 4.3 ± 0.7 % loss immediately post-exercise. Pre-exercise urine osmolality was higher in DH than EH and overall, saliva flow rate was reduced in DH compared with EH (p < 0.05). Baseline SIgA secretion rates were not different between conditions; however, exercise induced a significant increase in SIgA concentration in DH (161 ± 134 to 309 ± 271 mg/L) which remained elevated throughout 3 h recovery. SLac secretion rates increased from pre- to post-exercise in both conditions which remained elevated in DH only. Overall, SLac concentrations were higher in DH than EH. Pre-exercise SLys concentrations were lower in DH compared with EH (1.6 ± 2.0 vs. 5.5 ± 6.7 mg/L). Post-exercise SLys concentrations remained elevated in DH but returned to pre-exercise levels by 1 h post-exercise in EH. CONCLUSIONS Exercise in DH caused a reduction in saliva flow rate yet induced greater secretion rates of SLac and higher concentrations of SIgA and SLys. Thus, DH does not impair saliva AMP responses to endurance exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Killer
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pushkaran AC, Nataraj N, Nair N, Götz F, Biswas R, Mohan CG. Understanding the Structure-Function Relationship of Lysozyme Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Peptidoglycan O-Acetylation Using Molecular Docking, Dynamics, and Lysis Assay. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:760-70. [PMID: 25774564 DOI: 10.1021/ci500734k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme is an important component of the host innate defense system. It cleaves the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine of bacterial peptidoglycan and induce bacterial lysis. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), an opportunistic commensal pathogen, is highly resistant to lysozyme, because of the O-acetylation of peptidoglycan by O-acetyl transferase (oatA). To understand the structure-function relationship of lysozyme resistance in S. aureus by peptidoglycan O-acetylation, we adapted an integrated approach to (i) understand the effect of lysozyme on the growth of S. aureus parental and the oatA mutant strain, (ii) study the lysozyme induced lysis of exponentially grown and stationary phase of both the S. aureus parental and oatA mutant strain, (iii) investigate the dynamic interaction mechanism between normal (de-O-acetylated) and O-acetylated peptidoglycan substrate in complex with lysozyme using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, and (iv) quantify lysozyme resistance of S. aureus parental and the oatA mutant in different human biological fluids. The results indicated for the first time that the active site cleft of lysozyme binding with O-acetylated peptidoglycan in S. aureus was sterically hindered and the structural stability was higher for the lysozyme in complex with normal peptidoglycan. This could have conferred reduced survival of the S. aureus oatA mutant in different human biological fluids. Consistent with this computational analysis, the experimental data confirmed decrease in the growth, lysozyme induced lysis, and lysozyme resistance, due to peptidoglycan O-acetylation in S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Friedrich Götz
- ‡Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhou H, Yang Q, Zhou P. Hydrophobically modified quaternized celluloses as new dynamic coatings in CE for basic protein separation. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1593-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Futian District; Shenzhen; P. R. China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan; P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan; P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Rcs stress response and accessory envelope proteins are required for de novo generation of cell shape in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:2452-62. [PMID: 23543719 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00160-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions with immune responses or exposure to certain antibiotics can remove the peptidoglycan wall of many Gram-negative bacteria. Though the spheroplasts thus created usually lyse, some may survive by resynthesizing their walls and shapes. Normally, bacterial morphology is generated by synthetic complexes directed by FtsZ and MreBCD or their homologues, but whether these classic systems can recreate morphology in the absence of a preexisting template is unknown. To address this question, we treated Escherichia coli with lysozyme to remove the peptidoglycan wall while leaving intact the inner and outer membranes and periplasm. The resulting lysozyme-induced (LI) spheroplasts recovered a rod shape after four to six generations. Recovery proceeded via a series of cell divisions that produced misshapen and branched intermediates before later progeny assumed a normal rod shape. Importantly, mutants defective in mounting the Rcs stress response and those lacking penicillin binding protein 1B (PBP1B) or LpoB could not divide or recover their cell shape but instead enlarged until they lysed. LI spheroplasts from mutants lacking the Lpp lipoprotein or PBP6 produced spherical daughter cells that did not recover a normal rod shape or that did so only after a significant delay. Thus, to regenerate normal morphology de novo, E. coli must supplement the classic FtsZ- and MreBCD-directed cell wall systems with activities that are otherwise dispensable for growth under normal laboratory conditions. The existence of these auxiliary mechanisms implies that they may be required for survival in natural environments, where bacterial walls can be damaged extensively or removed altogether.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gillum TL, Kuennen M, Gourley C, Schneider S, Dokladny K, Moseley P. Salivary antimicrobial protein response to prolonged running. Biol Sport 2013; 30:3-8. [PMID: 24744458 PMCID: PMC3944557 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1029814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prolonged exercise may compromise immunity through a reduction of salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMPs). Salivary IgA (IgA) has been extensively studied, but little is known about the effect of acute, prolonged exercise on AMPs including lysozyme (Lys) and lactoferrin (Lac). Objective To determine the effect of a 50-km trail race on salivary cortisol (Cort), IgA, Lys, and Lac. Methods 14 subjects: (6 females, 8 males) completed a 50km ultramarathon. Saliva was collected pre, immediately after (post) and 1.5 hrs post race (+1.5). Results Lac concentration was higher at +1.5 hrs post race compared to post exercise (p < 0.05). Lys was unaffected by the race (p > 0.05). IgA concentration, secretion rate, and IgA/Osm were lower +1.5 hrs post compared to pre race (p < 0.05). Cort concentration was higher at post compared to +1.5 (p < 0.05), but was unaltered from pre race levels. Subjects finished in 7.81±1.2 hrs. Saliva flow rate did not differ between time points. Saliva Osm increased at post (p < 0.05) compared to pre race. Conclusions The intensity could have been too low to alter Lys and Lac secretion rates and thus, may not be as sensitive as IgA to changes in response to prolonged running. Results expand our understanding of the mucosal immune system and may have implications for predicting illness after prolonged running.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L Gillum
- Dept of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
| | - M Kuennen
- West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas 79016, USA
| | - C Gourley
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA
| | - S Schneider
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA
| | - K Dokladny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA
| | - P Moseley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zou M, Chen Y, Xu X, Huang H, Liu F, Li N. The homogeneous fluorescence anisotropic sensing of salivary lysozyme using the 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled DNA aptamer. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 32:148-54. [PMID: 22217604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive fluorescence anisotropy method was developed for lysozyme, employing the coupling of fluorophore, 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM), with lysozyme upon recognition between the target molecule and its DNA aptamer. It was found in this study that the rotational dynamic of the detecting system is crucial to obtain a high anisotropy signal that cannot always be achieved by simply increasing the molecular volume, because molecular volume increase may not be able to efficiently retard the rotational movement of the fluorophore. FAM was selected as the label of the ssDNA aptamer to effectively facilitate the change of the fluorophore from a primarily independent segmental movement to slow global rotation. The time-resolved measurements, including lifetime and dynamic fluorescence anisotropy, were conducted to study the recognition interaction and to better understand the methodology. The proposed method had a wide linear dynamic range of 12.5-300 nM and a high sensitivity with the limit of detection of 4.9 nM (3S/N). This proposed method was successfully applied to assay of human salivary lysozyme. The results based on the standard addition recovery and comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated the feasibility of this method for biological samples. Using coupling between the fluorophore and the analyte can be one of the approaches working toward expanding the application of fluorescence anisotropy based on aptamer-target and antibody-antigen recognitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Papacosta E, Nassis GP. Saliva as a tool for monitoring steroid, peptide and immune markers in sport and exercise science. J Sci Med Sport 2011; 14:424-34. [PMID: 21474377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Papacosta
- Loughborough University, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cunniffe B, Griffiths H, Proctor W, Davies B, Baker JS, Jones KP. Mucosal immunity and illness incidence in elite rugby union players across a season. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43:388-97. [PMID: 20631639 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ef9d6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between upper respiratory illness (URI) incidence with changes in mucosal immunity (saliva immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and saliva lysozyme (s-Lys)) and training load (TL) in a squad of elite rugby union players. METHODS Timed resting morning saliva samples were taken from players (n = 31) at preselected time points for 11 months. Weekly illness rates and TL were assessed using a Web-based diary and from medical/coaching staff reports. RESULTS No significant correlation was found between absolute s-IgA or s-Lys concentrations and URI incidence. Peaks in URI (December and March) were preceded by periods of increased training intensity and reduced game activity. In 23% of all URI episodes, players reported that presence of an illness either reduced activity (14.4%) or felt the need to go to bed (8.6%). When s-IgA concentration was expressed relative to that when in a URI-free state, a 15% reduction (P = 0.08) was observed in individuals who had present URI symptoms. Decreases in absolute s-IgA (December) and s-Lys (November and February) concentrations were associated with a corresponding increase in saliva cortisol (P < 0.05). Lower s-IgA (P < 0.05) and s-Lys concentrations were consistently observed in backs than forwards, whereas URI incidence also differed for player position (3.4 forwards vs 4.3 backs). CONCLUSIONS Regular monitoring of s-IgA and s-Lys may be useful in the assessment of exercise stress and URI risk status in elite team sport athletes. A combination of alterations in training intensity and seasonal influence is a likely contributor to observed peaks in URI incidence. It is probable that stress-induced increases in cortisol release contribute to reductions in mucosal immunity, which, when lowered, predispose rugby players to increased risk of illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cunniffe
- Department of Health, Exercise, Sport and Science, University of Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang X, Xu Y, Chen Y, Li L, Liu F, Li N. The gold-nanoparticle-based surface plasmon resonance light scattering and visual DNA aptasensor for lysozyme. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2085-91. [PMID: 21461986 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new simple and sensitive assay for lysozyme based on gold nanoparticle plasmon resonance light scattering (PRLS) measurement and naked-eye detection using for the first time the lysozyme DNA aptamer as the recognition element. Lysozyme DNA aptamer could stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at high ionic strength. Introducing lysozyme to the system easily triggered the aggregation of AuNPs, producing a red-to-blue color change of the solution, red-shifted plasmon absorption, and enhanced plasmon resonance light scattering. The linear range was found to be 0.2∼4 nM for 0.7 nM AuNPs, 0.3∼6 nM for 1.4 nM AuNPs and 0.6∼8 nM for 2.1 nM AuNPs. About 0.1 nM lysozyme can produce an observable enhancement of PRLS signal. For visual detection, 1 nM lysozyme can produce a very distinctive color change. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained for simulated saliva and diluted urine samples, indicating that the method has potential for analyses of clinical samples. The simplicity and high sensitivity that are consistent with the resources and needs of many laboratories makes this method a good choice for routine analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Relationship between occupational stress and salivary sIgA and lysozyme in assembly line workers. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200809010-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
27
|
Allgrove JE, Gomes E, Hough J, Gleeson M. Effects of exercise intensity on salivary antimicrobial proteins and markers of stress in active men. J Sports Sci 2008; 26:653-61. [DOI: 10.1080/02640410701716790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
28
|
Soo-Quee Koh D, Choon-Huat Koh G. The use of salivary biomarkers in occupational and environmental medicine. Occup Environ Med 2007; 64:202-10. [PMID: 17339296 PMCID: PMC2092532 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2006.026567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Soo-Quee Koh
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ng V, Koh D, Fu Q, Chia SE. Effects of storage time on stability of salivary immunoglobulin A and lysozyme. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 338:131-4. [PMID: 14637277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many research settings, storage of samples prior to analysis is unavoidable. This study investigates the effects of storage time on stability of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) and lysozyme. METHODS Saliva samples were obtained from 30 healthy adults. Each sample was divided into five aliquots and stored at -30 degrees C until analysis. The samples were measured for IgA and lysozyme concentrations after 1, 2, 3, 8 and 12 months of storage using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS There was a decline in the concentrations of IgA and lysozyme with increasing storage time. Repeated measures analyses for both salivary IgA and lysozyme showed a significant difference after 8 months of storage as compared to the 1st month (p<0.05). IgA levels decreased significantly with % change in majority of the samples >10% after storage for 8 months or more. A similar pattern was observed for lysozyme with % change in majority of the samples >14% levels when the samples were assayed at 8th month and beyond (mean% change+/-S.D.>14%). CONCLUSION Salivary IgA and lysozyme concentrations remain stable for up to 3 months when stored at -30 degrees C. These findings have important implications with regard to measurement validity of salivary biomarkers research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Ng
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (MD3), National University of Singapore, 16, Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lawrence C, Andrews K. The influence of perceived prison crowding on male inmates' perception of aggressive events. Aggress Behav 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ab.20024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Bosch JA, Ring C, de Geus EJC, Veerman ECI, Amerongen AVN. Stress and secretory immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2003; 52:213-53. [PMID: 12498106 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(02)52011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jos A Bosch
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43218, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang Y, Koh D, Ng V, Lee CY, Chan G, Dong F, Goh SH, Anantharaman V, Chia SE. Self perceived work related stress and the relation with salivary IgA and lysozyme among emergency department nurses. Occup Environ Med 2002; 59:836-41. [PMID: 12468751 PMCID: PMC1763606 DOI: 10.1136/oem.59.12.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess and compare the self perceived work related stress among emergency department (ED) and general ward (GW) nurses, and to investigate its relation with salivary IgA and lysozyme. METHODS One hundred and thirty two of 208 (63.5%) registered female ED and GW nurses participated in the study. A modified mental health professional stress scale (PSS) was used to measure self perceived stress. ELISA methods were used to determine the salivary IgA and lysozyme levels. RESULTS On PSS, ED nurses had higher scores (mean 1.51) than GW nurses (1.30). The scores of PSS subscales such as organisational structure and processes (OS), lack of resources (RES), and conflict with other professionals (COF) were higher in ED than in GW nurses. ED nurses had lower secretion rates of IgA (geometric mean (GM) 49.1 micro g/min) and lysozyme (GM 20.0 micro g/min) than GW nurses (68.2 micro g/min, 30.5 micro g/min). Significant correlations were observed between PSS and log IgA and lysozyme secretion rates. OS, RES, and COF were correlated with log IgA and lysozyme levels. CONCLUSION ED nurses, who reported a higher level of professional stress, showed significantly lower secretion rates of salivary IgA and lysozyme compared to GW nurses. Salivary IgA and lysozyme were inversely correlated with self perceived work related stress. As these salivary biomarkers are reflective of the mucosal immunity, results support the inverse relation between stress and mucosal immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Dept of Community, Occupational, and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MD3, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Koh D, Yong Y, Ng V, Chia SE. Stress, mucosal immunity, upper respiratory tract infections, and sickness absence. J Occup Environ Med 2002; 44:987-8. [PMID: 12448349 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-200211000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Bosch JA, de Geus EJ, Ligtenberg TJ, Nazmi K, Veerman EC, Hoogstraten J, Amerongen AV. Salivary MUC5B-mediated adherence (ex vivo) of Helicobacter pylori during acute stress. Psychosom Med 2000; 62:40-9. [PMID: 10705910 DOI: 10.1097/00006842-200001000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biochemical host defenses at mucosal sites, such as the oral cavity, play a key role in the regulation of microbial ecology and the prevention of infectious disease. These biochemical factors have distinct features, some of which benefit the host and some that benefit bacteria. We investigated the effects of acute stress on the salivary levels of the carbohydrate structure sulfo-Lewis (sulfo-Le), which is linked to the mucosal glycoprotein MUC5B. Sulfo-Le was recently identified as an adhesion molecule for Helicobacter pylori; therefore, we also measured saliva-mediated adherence (ex vivo) of H. pylori. The oral cavity is suspected to be involved in the transmission of H. pylori. METHODS Saliva was collected from 17 undergraduates before (baseline), during (stress), and after (recovery) exposure to a video showing surgical procedures. In addition, blood pressure, an impedance cardiogram, and an electrocardiogram were recorded. RESULTS During stressor exposure, participants reported increased state anxiety. In addition, stroke volume increased and heart rate decreased. The stressor induced a strong increase in salivary sulfo-Le concentration (U/ml), sulfo-Le output (U/min), sulfo-Le/total protein ratio (U/mg protein), and saliva-mediated adherence (ex vivo) of H. pylori. As expected, sulfo-Le concentration correlated with the adherence of H. pylori (r = 0.72, p < .05). It was demonstrated that the observed adherence was induced by MUC5B and that the carbohydrate structure sulfo-Le contributed to this process. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a direct link between stress-mediated biochemical changes and altered host-microbe interactions in humans. Increased bacterial adherence may be a contributing factor in the observed relationship between stress and susceptibility to infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Bosch
- Department of Oral Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ng V, Koh D, Chan G, Ong HY, Chia SE, Ong CN. Are salivary immunoglobulin A and lysozyme biomarkers of stress among nurses? J Occup Environ Med 1999; 41:920-7. [PMID: 10529948 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199910000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) and lysozyme have been studied as possible biomarkers of stress. This study examined the stress levels among female nurses in various units and the relationship between these stress levels and salivary IgA and lysozyme secretion. One hundred ninety-five (43%) of 457 eligible female nurses from surgical wards/operating theaters (SURG), medical wards (MED), and outpatient clinics/day-surgery theaters (OPD) completed a self-administered questionnaire. From this group of 195 nurses, 124 provided a salivary sample accumulated over 5 minutes. Stress levels were assessed with a ten-point Stress Assessment Score (SAS) for Asians and a direct question on perceived life stress. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lyso-plate methods were used to determine salivary IgA and lysozyme levels. Forty-five percent of SURG, 35% of MED, and 17% of OPD nurses scored at least four points on the SAS. SURG nurses had the lowest IgA secretion (geometric mean; 95% confidence interval [CI]) rates (43 micrograms/min; 36 to 51 micrograms/min). The other groups had significantly higher salivary IgA secretion rates: MED (96 micrograms/min; 80 to 116 micrograms/min) and OPD (77 micrograms/min; 60 to 98 micrograms/min) Findings for salivary lysozyme (microgram/min) were similar; SURG (9 micrograms/min; 6 to 13 micrograms/min) MED (19 micrograms/min; 12 to 28 micrograms/min) and OPD (16 micrograms/min; 9 to 28 micrograms/min). The salivary IgA (Spearman's r = -0.22, P = 0.01) but not the lysozyme (Spearman's r = -0.01, P = 0.9) secretion rate correlated negatively with SAS. Nurses working in various units under different conditions experienced dissimilar levels of stress. Salivary IgA, but not lysozyme, correlated inversely with self-reported levels of stress. It may thus be a potential biomarker in future studies on stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Ng
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|