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Chorot P, Valiente RM, Sandín B. The Spanish Version of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index: Factorial Dimensions and Invariance across Gender in a Sample of Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3045. [PMID: 36833740 PMCID: PMC9958708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity is a transdiagnostic construct that has been associated with the etiology of emotional disorders, especially panic and other anxiety disorders. Although it is well known that, for the adult population, the factor structure of anxiety sensitivity includes three separate facets (physical, cognitive, and social concerns), the facets of anxiety sensitivity for adolescents have not yet been established. The main goal of the present study was to examine the factor structure of the Spanish version of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI). A large sample of nonclinical adolescents completed the Spanish version of the CASI in school settings (N = 1655; aged 11-17 years; 800 boys and 855 girls). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the full scale (CASI-18) indicate that a three first-order factor solution represents appropriately the three anxiety sensitivity facets previously defined for the adult population. The 3-factor structure had a better fit and was more parsimonious than a 4-factor solution. Results also indicate that the 3-factor structure remains invariant across genders. Girls scored significantly higher than boys on the total scale and on all three dimensions of anxiety sensitivity. In addition, the present study provides information concerning normative data for the scale. The CASI holds promise as a useful tool for assessing general and specific facets of anxiety sensitivity. It could be helpful for the assessment of this construct in clinical and preventive settings. The limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonifacio Sandín
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kwok G. What do We Know About Acculturation? A Measurement Invariance Examination of Acculturation Domains Between Asian and Latinx Populations. JOURNAL OF ETHNIC & CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN SOCIAL WORK 2022; 32:143-154. [PMID: 37347086 PMCID: PMC10281714 DOI: 10.1080/15313204.2022.2046225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Acculturation has emerged as a key variable in racial/ethnic minorities and immigrant research. Although findings generally conclude acculturation leads to adverse outcomes (e.g., risk behaviors), scholars often find contradicting results. This increased attention to the core definitional questions about what acculturation is and how it should be measured, specifically across different racial/ethnic groups. Methods This study examined the measurement invariance using Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MG-CFA) by comparing three common domains of acculturation measures across Asian and Hispanic populations (i.e., Ethnic Identification, Language Proficiency and Preference, and Acculturative Stress) using the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). Results A total sample of 4,649 (nLatinx=2,554 and nAsian=2,095) was used. The results suggested that aspects of ethnic identification and acculturative stress measures significantly varied between groups. For example, Latinxs had higher factor loadings in certain Acculturative Stress items related to government and legal status. In contrast, Asians had higher factor loadings in an item related to Ethnic Identification. Conclusions The results suggested that aspects of acculturation do not necessarily measure the same way across all populations; researchers/clinicians should consider racial/ethnic specific scales when using acculturation related measures. Future research should test universal acculturation scales across other ethnic subgroups and include more complex acculturation measures like cultural values and norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Kwok
- Pediatric Population Science, Outcomes, and Disparities Research, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
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Styck KM, Rodriguez MC, Yi EH. Dimensionality of the State-Trait Inventory of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety. Assessment 2020; 29:103-127. [PMID: 32862664 DOI: 10.1177/1073191120953628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The State-Trait Inventory of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA) is a commonly administered self-report instrument of state-trait cognitive and somatic anxiety. Extant research has consistently supported the intended oblique two-factor scoring structure for the STICSA. However, this model assumes that population-level data have (or approximate) a simple structure and that item-level variance is unidimensional. These assumptions may not be tenable and have unintended consequences for STICSA subscore interpretation. Consequently, we tested these assumptions by fitting confirmatory and exploratory structural equation models to STICSA scores for a diverse sample of college students enrolled at a large Southwestern university in the United States (n = 635). Results indicated that cognitive and somatic factors are not equally robust and that STICSA items appear to measure a nonnegligible mixture of both latent cognitive and somatic anxiety. It is recommended that future research use exploratory structural equation model in tandem with CFA to directly model data complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther H Yi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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4
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A Psychometric Evaluation of the Revised Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI-R) in a Child and Adolescent Sample. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Francis SE, Noël VA, Ryan SL. A Systematic Review of the Factor Structure of Anxiety Sensitivity Among Children: Current Status and Recommendations for Future Directions. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The effects of childhood maltreatment and anxiety proneness on neuropsychological test performance in non-clinical older adolescents. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:133-144. [PMID: 30243193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of childhood maltreatment (CM) on neuropsychological performance is well established, but the effect of anxiety proneness (AP) on such performance has been underexplored. We assessed the predictive ability of CM and AP, and their interaction, in non-clinical adolescents, for a range of previously documented neuropsychological deficits. METHODS Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the unique and combined influences of CM and AP on neuropsychological performance in 104 non-clinical adolescents, who underwent both neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS The interaction of CM and AP was associated with poorer performance in executive functioning skills, processing speed, and estimated IQ. CM and AP were uniquely associated with verbal working memory performance, while verbal and visual memory performance and learning, and visuo-spatial ability, were not associated with either CM, AP or the interaction of CM and AP. LIMITATIONS The use of self-report measures to determine participants' levels of CM, AP, and depression. The CTQ-SF, a retrospective self-report measure, may have introduced recall bias. The neuropsychological evaluation was not conducted in the Xhosa language, the first language of most African participants. Most instruments utilized have not been validated in a South African adolescent sample. The impact of important moderator variables (e.g., age of onset of maltreatment) was not assessed. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of CM and AP may be risk markers for poor performance in several key neuropsychological domains. Our findings underscore the importance of assessing the impact of both CM and anxiety-related temperamental traits on neuropsychological performance.
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7
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Do Youth with Separation Anxiety Disorder Differ in Anxiety Sensitivity From Youth with Other Anxiety Disorders? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:888-896. [PMID: 29666976 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the relationship between separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in childhood and panic disorder (PD) in adolescence and adulthood have yielded results which suggest a common underlying vulnerability for both disorders. In this study, we examined whether one such possible vulnerability-anxiety sensitivity-differed for youth diagnosed with SAD versus other anxiety disorders. Anxiety sensitivity was assessed using the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI) in 315 clinic-referred youth (ages 6-17, 113 girls). 145 children (46%) were diagnosed with one or more primary anxiety disorder, including SAD (n = 22), generalized anxiety (GAD) (n = 79), social anxiety (SocA) (n = 55), and specific phobia (SP) (n = 45). Children with SAD reported higher levels of anxiety sensitivity and fears of physical symptoms than children with SP and SocA, but not children with GAD. We speculate that children who have SAD and GAD and high anxiety sensitivity may be more vulnerable to develop PD.
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Mathews BL, Koehn AJ, Abtahi MM, Kerns KA. Emotional Competence and Anxiety in Childhood and Adolescence: A Meta-Analytic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2017; 19:162-84. [PMID: 27072682 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-016-0204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is conceptualized as a state of negative emotional arousal that is accompanied by concern about future threat. The purpose of this meta-analytic review was to evaluate the evidence of associations between emotional competence and anxiety by examining how specific emotional competence domains (emotion recognition, emotion expression, emotion awareness, emotion understanding, acceptance of emotion, emotional self-efficacy, sympathetic/empathic responses to others' emotions, recognition of how emotion communication and self-presentation affect relationships, and emotion regulatory processes) relate to anxiety in childhood and adolescence. A total of 185 studies were included in a series of meta-analyses (N's ranged from 573 to 25,711). Results showed that anxious youth are less effective at expressing (r = -0.15) and understanding emotions (r = -0.20), less aware of (r = -0.28) and less accepting of their own emotions (r = -0.49), and report less emotional self-efficacy (r = -0.36). More anxious children use more support-seeking coping strategies (r = 0.07) and are more likely to use less adaptive coping strategies including avoidant coping (r = 0.18), externalizing (r = 0.18), and maladaptive cognitive coping (r = 0.34). Emotion acceptance and awareness, emotional self-efficacy, and maladaptive cognitive coping yielded the largest effect sizes. Some effects varied with children's age. The findings inform intervention and treatment programs of anxiety in youth and identify several areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda J Koehn
- Kent State University, 600 Hilltop Dr., Kent Hall, Kent, OH, 4424, USA
| | | | - Kathryn A Kerns
- Kent State University, 600 Hilltop Dr., Kent Hall, Kent, OH, 4424, USA
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Lancaster SL, Melka SE, Klein KP, Rodriguez BF. Ethnicity and Anxiety. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0748175615578757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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English D, Lambert SF, Ialongo NS. Adding to the Education Debt: Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Association between Racial Discrimination and Academic Performance in African Americans. J Sch Psychol 2016; 57:29-40. [PMID: 27425564 PMCID: PMC4955594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the United States faces a seemingly intractable divide between white and African American academic performance, there remains a dearth of longitudinal research investigating factors that work to maintain this gap. The present study examined whether racial discrimination predicted the academic performance of African American students through its effect on depressive symptoms. Participants were a community sample of African American adolescents (N=495) attending urban public schools from grade 7 to grade 9 (Mage=12.5). Structural equation modeling revealed that experienced racial discrimination predicted increases in depressive symptoms 1year later, which, in turn, predicted decreases in academic performance the following year. These results suggest that racial discrimination continues to play a critical role in the academic performance of African American students and, as such, contributes to the maintenance of the race-based academic achievement gap in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin English
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Skinner OD, Perkins K, Wood D, Kurtz-Costes B. Gender Development in African American Youth. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798415585217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using the organizing framework of Ruble, Martin, and Berenbaum (2006), we summarized literature on gender development in African American youth within six content areas: biological/categorical sex, activities and interests, personal-social attributes, social relationships, styles and symbols, and values regarding gender. Results with African Americans were compared with what is known about gender processes in other U.S. racial groups, and gaps in the literature were noted. Finally, we summarized the literature on socialization influences on gender development in African American youth, focusing particularly on parents and media. Our review shows that gender, along with race, plays a significant role in the development of African American youth, with many of these processes similar to what is found in youth of other racial/ethnic groups. Contextual factors such as family structure and racial context are important to take into account to best understand individual differences in the gender development of Black youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dana Wood
- Georgia College, Milledgeville, GA, USA
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Kingery JN, Ginsburg GS, Alfano CA. Somatic Symptoms and Anxiety Among African American Adolescents. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798407307041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic symptoms are an associated feature of anxiety disorders that have received little research attention among non-White samples. In addition, the majority of previous studies have examined the influence of somatic symptoms in a cross-sectional rather than a prospective manner. This study examines the prevalence of 12 somatic symptoms, the association of somatic and anxiety symptoms (both concurrently and prospectively) with psychosocial functioning, and gender differences in somatic symptoms among a community sample of 114 African American adolescents (57 girls). In all, 83% of the sample reported at least one somatic symptom (some or most of the time within the past 2 weeks), and on average, adolescents reported 2.5 somatic symptoms. Somatic symptoms correlated positively with severity of anxiety symptoms and negatively with aspects of perceived competence. After the initial level of anxiety symptoms was controlled for, somatic symptoms were a unique predictor of perceived competence (at initial assessment) and anxiety symptoms (at 6-month follow-up). Overall, girls endorsed significantly more somatic symptoms than did boys. Findings replicate those of studies with White samples and suggest that somatic symptoms may be a risk factor for anxiety disorders among African American youth.
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Martin L, Kidd M, Seedat S. Anxiety Sensitivity in School Attending Youth: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the 18-Item CASI in a Multicultural South African Sample. Front Psychol 2016; 6:1996. [PMID: 26779098 PMCID: PMC4703811 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders in youth. To date, the applicability of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI) in youth from a low or middle income country (LMIC) setting on the African continent has not been assessed. A representative sample of 1149 secondary school learners from 29 schools in Cape Town, South Africa, participated in the study. Participants completed the CASI on a single occasion. One-, two-, and four-factor models of the CASI were assessed. A one-factor solution that comprised items predominantly represented by physical concerns appeared to provide the best fit to our data, however, relatively low variance (26%) was explained. Subsequent item deletion resulted in a 9-item ‘physical concerns’ factor that showed good construct reliability (0.83) but also explained a low amount of variance (35%). In terms of gender, a one-factor model provided the best fit, however, low variance was explained (i.e., 25%). Configural, metric and scalar invariance of the CASI by gender was determined. Our results suggest that the 18-item CASI is not applicable to our target population and may require adaptation in this population; however, replication of this study in other multicultural adolescent samples in South Africa is first needed to further assess the validity of the AS construct as measured by the CASI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindi Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Kidd
- Centre for Statistical Consultation, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Stellenbosch University Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Ritchwood TD, Ebesutani CK, Chin EG, Young J. The Loneliness Questionnaire: Establishing Measurement Invariance Across Ethnic Groups. Assessment 2016; 24:798-809. [PMID: 26762110 DOI: 10.1177/1073191115625799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A state of loneliness describes an individual's perception of having dissatisfying social connections to others. Though it is notable across the life span, it may have particularly deleterious effects in childhood and adolescence, leading to increased risk of emotional impairment. The current study evaluates a widely used test of loneliness, the Loneliness Questionnaire, for measurement invariance across ethnic groups in a large, representative sample of youth in the 2nd to 12th grades ( N = 12,344; 41% African American) in Mississippi. Analyses were conducted using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis following a published, sequential method to examine invariance in form, factor loadings, and item intercepts. Overall, our results indicated that the instrument was invariant across ethnicities, suggesting that youth with equivalent manifest scores can be discerned as having comparable levels of latent loneliness. The loneliness scores also corresponded significantly with depression and anxiety scores for most subsamples, with one exception. These findings are discussed in the context of previous results comparing levels of loneliness across ethnicities. Additionally, the broader context of the need to expand invariance studies in instrumentation work is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eu Gene Chin
- 3 University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - John Young
- 4 University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Hourigan SE, Southam-Gerow MA, Quinoy AM. Emotional and behavior problems in an urban pediatric primary care setting. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:289-99. [PMID: 24828702 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We sought to identify needs for behavioral health care in a large, urban pediatric primary care (PPC) clinic serving a population covered by Medicaid. Specifically, children (N = 197; 120 girls; 91 % African American) ages 8-17 years and their caregivers completed measures of internalizing and externalizing symptoms (RCADS, RCADS-P, MASC, and SDQ). Clinical elevations on all but one domain of the SDQ were significantly higher than expected. However, self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms were consistent with expectations. These findings suggest urban, low-income, primarily African American youth presenting at a PPC clinic demonstrate significant levels of behavioral and emotional symptoms. Implications of the findings include the need to ask both parents and children about child behavioral health problems and the possible influence of screening tool selection on detection.
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Allan NP, Capron DW, Lejuez CW, Reynolds EK, MacPherson L, Schmidt NB. Developmental trajectories of anxiety symptoms in early adolescence: the influence of anxiety sensitivity. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 42:589-600. [PMID: 24062146 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Children and adolescents seem to suffer from anxiety disorders at rates similar to adults. Interestingly, anxiety symptoms appear to generally decline over time within children as evidenced by lower rates in early and middle adolescence. There is some evidence that there may be heterogeneous subpopulations of adolescent children with different trajectories of anxiety symptoms, including a class of adolescents with elevated levels of anxiety that do not dissipate over time. Anxiety sensitivity has been identified as an important risk factor in the development of anxiety psychopathology. This study prospectively examined the development of anxiety symptoms in a sample of 277 adolescents (M age = 11.52; 44 % female, 56 % male) over a 3 year period including the influence of anxiety sensitivity on this development. Further, this study investigated whether there were distinct classes of adolescents based on their anxiety symptom trajectories and including anxiety sensitivity as a predictor. Consistent with other reports, findings indicated an overall decline in anxiety symptoms over time in the sample. However, three classes of adolescents were found with distinct anxiety symptom trajectories and anxiety sensitivity was an important predictor of class membership. Adolescents with elevated anxiety sensitivity scores were more likely to be classified as having high and increasing anxiety symptoms over time versus having moderate to low and decreasing anxiety symptoms over time. There are important implications for identification of adolescents and children who are at risk for the development of an anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Allan
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, P.O. Box 3064301, Tallahasssee, FL, 32306-4301, USA
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Are childhood trauma exposures predictive of anxiety sensitivity in school attending youth? J Affect Disord 2014; 168:5-12. [PMID: 25033472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful life events in adolescents have been found to be longitudinally associated with higher anxiety sensitivity (AS). A question that has not been addressed is whether AS in adolescence is associated with different childhood adversity exposures. METHODS School attending adolescents (n=1149) completed measures of anxiety sensitivity (CASI), trait anxiety (STAI-T), childhood trauma (CTQ), depression (CES-DC), alcohol (AUDIT) and drug use (DUDIT), and resilience (CD-RISC) and coping orientation (A-COPE). RESULTS There was no significant gender difference in childhood trauma exposure, resilience levels or coping orientation. Gender differences were evident in terms of AS, trait anxiety, depression, alcohol and drug use. Depression, trait anxiety and alcohol use mediated the relationship between the amount of childhood trauma and AS and played a role in the relationship between certain childhood trauma types and AS. Neither resilience nor coping orientation had a moderating effect on the relationship between the amount of childhood trauma and AS. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional study, over- or under-reporting of data due to use of self-report instruments, and use of a retrospective measure of childhood trauma (CTQ) that is subject to recall bias. CONCLUSIONS Girls are at greater risk than boys for early onset anxiety disorders as girls have higher rates of AS, trait anxiety and depression despite the same rates of childhood trauma, coping orientation and resilience. Our findings, in the context of childhood trauma, underscore the influence of depression, trait anxiety and alcohol use as risk factors for the development of AS in youth.
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A French Translation of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI): Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity of This Scale in a Nonclinical Sample of Children. Psychol Belg 2014. [DOI: 10.5334/pb.an] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Capron DW, Allan NP, Norr AM, Zvolensky MJ, Schmidt NB. The effect of successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation on short-term anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Addict Behav 2014; 39:782-8. [PMID: 24457901 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Research on the mental health effects of quitting smoking is limited. Smokers with mental illness appear to be at a higher risk of unsuccessful smoking cessation. Recent work suggests they are at elevated risk for post-cessation increases in anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. The current study tested the effects of successful and unsuccessful smoking cessation on short-term psychopathology in 192 community participants. Smoking cessation outcomes were classified using expired carbon monoxide levels that were taken at quit week, 1 and 2 week follow-up and 1 month follow-up. We found no psychopathology increases in participants who successfully quit smoking. For individuals struggling to quit our results partially supported a recently proposed struggling quitters hypothesis. However, the vast majority of individuals posited to be vulnerable by the struggling quitters hypothesis did not experience clinically significant increases in psychopathology. These findings have implications for clinicians whose clients are interested in smoking cessation.
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Esteve R, Marquina-Aponte V, Ramírez-Maestre C. Postoperative Pain in Children: Association Between Anxiety Sensitivity, Pain Catastrophizing, and Female Caregivers' Responses to Children's Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2014; 15:157-68.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Brown RC, Yaroslavsky I, Quinoy AM, Friedman AD, Brookman RR, Southam-Gerow MA. Factor structure of measures of anxiety and depression symptoms in African American youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2013; 44:525-36. [PMID: 23224837 PMCID: PMC3737595 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-012-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that the factor structure of anxiety measures is different in African American samples compared to majority population samples. However, these findings may be due to misuse of analytic methods rather than meaningful differences in the underlying presentation of anxiety. To address this, we examined the factor structure of two measures of child anxiety: the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children in a sample of 229 African American youth. Contrary to previous research, confirmatory factor analyses yielded good fit for the original factor structures of both measures. These results suggest that the underlying factor structure of these measures may not be significantly different for African American and majority population youth as previously thought. The effect of data analytic procedures on subsequent conclusions and theory is discussed and recommendations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St. Suite 100, Office 135C, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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Trent LR, Buchanan E, Ebesutani C, Ale CM, Heiden L, Hight TL, Damon JD, Young J. A measurement invariance examination of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a Southern sample: differential item functioning between African American and Caucasian youth. Assessment 2012; 20:175-87. [PMID: 22855507 DOI: 10.1177/1073191112450907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a large sample of youth from the Southern United States. The authors aimed to determine (a) if the established six-factor Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale structure could be replicated in this Southern sample and (b) if scores were associated with measurement invariance across African American and Caucasian youth representative of youth from this region of the United States. The established six-factor model evidenced the best fit in comparison to one-, two-, and five-factor models in the total sample (N = 12,695), as well as in the African American (n = 4,906) and Caucasian (n = 6,667) subsamples. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis also supported measurement invariance across African American and Caucasian youth at the levels of equal factor structure and equal factor loadings. Noninvariant item intercepts were identified, however, indicating differential functioning for a subset of items. Clinical and measurement implications of these findings are discussed and new norms are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Rae Trent
- Department of Psychology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Hunter LR, Keough ME, Timpano KR, Schmidt NB. Ethnoracial differences in anxiety sensitivity: examining the validity of competing anxiety sensitivity index subscales. J Anxiety Disord 2012; 26:511-6. [PMID: 22410090 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of Americans who are considered to be a part of an ethnoracial minority group, there have been few investigations of the cross-cultural validity of measures of psychopathology. The limited existing literature suggests potential differences between African American (AA) and European American (EA) individuals with respect to the utility of self-report measures, including anxiety sensitivity. Physical, mental, and social domains of anxiety sensitivity are measured using subscales derived from a 3-factor model reported in EA samples despite evidence suggesting that anxiety sensitivity in AA samples is characterized by more distinct physical concerns. The current study compared the concurrent and predictive validity of the traditional anxiety sensitivity subscales representing 3 domains and a 4-subscale formulation based on predictions about the construct in AA samples. Comparisons of both AA (N=41) and EA (N=298) samples are included. Findings suggest some ethnoracial group differences in the concurrent and predictive validity of anxiety sensitivity subscales, specifically supporting the appropriateness and specificity of the 4-factor model of anxiety sensitivity in AA samples. Implications are discussed, including identification of sociocultural mechanisms that might influence psychometric properties of measures of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Rose Hunter
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, United States
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24
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Gonzalez A, Weersing VR, Warnick E, Scahill L, Woolston J. Cross-ethnic measurement equivalence of the SCARED in an outpatient sample of African American and non-Hispanic White youths and parents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 41:361-9. [PMID: 22397682 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2012.654462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the measurement equivalence of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in a clinical sample of non-Hispanic White (NHW) and African American (AA) youths and parents. In addition, we explored the concurrent criterion validity of parent report on the SCARED to a parent diagnostic interview. Cross-ethnic measurement equivalence was examined in both youth self-report (ages 11-18; N = 374) and parent report (youth ages 5-18; N = 808) using multiple group analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the SCARED parent report were also examined. The original five-factor structure of the SCARED was replicated using confirmatory factor analysis for both groups using parent and youth report, although factor loadings were not equivalent across groups. Sensitivity and specificity of the SCARED-P clinical cutoff score (Total ≥25) to anxiety diagnoses were acceptable in both ethnic groups. Although evidence for the cross-ethnic equivalence of SCARED was limited, results suggest a similar structure of anxiety symptoms across NHW and AA youths while demonstrating sensitivity in symptom-level differences in anxiety expression. Overall, results provide preliminary evidence for the SCARED as an acceptable screening tool for anxiety symptoms in NHW and AA youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Gonzalez
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, CA, USA.
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25
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Thompson T, Keogh E, Chen MJL, French CC. Emotion-focused coping and distraction: Sex differences in the influence of anxiety sensitivity during noxious heat stimulation. Eur J Pain 2011; 16:410-20. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Keogh
- Centre for Pain Research & Department of Psychology; University of Bath; Bath; BA2 7AY; UK
| | | | - C. C. French
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths; University of London; London; SE14 6NW; UK
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26
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Gaylord-Harden NK, Elmore CA, Campbell CL, Wethington A. An examination of the tripartite model of depressive and anxiety symptoms in African American youth: stressors and coping strategies as common and specific correlates. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 40:360-74. [PMID: 21534048 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2011.563467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the tripartite model of depression and anxiety in a community-based sample of 278 African American adolescents (M age = 12.89) from low-income communities and to identify stressors and coping strategies that were associated with the specific features of each disorder. Participants reported on depression, anxiety, stressors, and coping strategies. As predicted, the three-factor structure of the tripartite model was a valid representation of anxiety and depression in African American youth. Further, stressors and coping strategies showed specific associations to features of depression and anxiety. The findings provide evidence of factors that may help to distinguish between internalizing symptoms in African American youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noni K Gaylord-Harden
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
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27
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Thompson T, Keogh E, French CC. Sensory Focusing Versus Distraction and Pain: Moderating Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity in Males and Females. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2011; 12:849-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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28
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Schmidt NB, Keough ME, Mitchell MA, Reynolds EK, MacPherson L, Zvolensky MJ, Lejuez CW. Anxiety sensitivity: prospective prediction of anxiety among early adolescents. J Anxiety Disord 2010; 24:503-8. [PMID: 20399075 PMCID: PMC2872504 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) predicts subsequent development of anxiety symptoms and panic attacks as well as clinical syndromes in adult samples. The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether AS similarly acts as a vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of anxiety symptoms among youth in early adolescence (ages 9-13). A large nonclinical community sample of youth (n=277) was prospectively followed over 1 year. The Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI: Silverman, Fleisig, Rabian, & Peterson, 1991) served as the primary predictor. After controlling for baseline anxiety symptoms as well as depression, AS significantly predicted the future development of anxiety symptoms. Consistent with the adult literature and expectancy theory, AS appears to act as a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman B. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301, USA, Corresponding author: Norman B. Schmidt, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, Tel: +1 850-644-1707, Fax: +1 850-644-7739,
| | - Meghan E. Keough
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301, USA
| | - Melissa A. Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Reynolds
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742-4411, USA
| | - Laura MacPherson
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742-4411, USA
| | | | - C. W. Lejuez
- Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742-4411, USA
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29
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Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Ollendick TH. The facets of anxiety sensitivity in adolescents. J Anxiety Disord 2010; 24:23-9. [PMID: 19713072 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Revised: 08/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the German translation of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI). A total of 1292 adolescents participated in the study. Analyses using the Schmid-Leiman solution showed the CASI to have one higher order factor and three orthogonal lower order factors. CASI scores correlated significantly with anxiety symptoms and with general difficulties. Hierarchical multiple regression showed CASI to make a significant contribution in predicting anxiety even after controlling for variance due to general difficulties, thus giving further support to the incremental validity of the CASI. The CASI is a potentially useful measure to include in longitudinal studies that examine the development of childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Essau
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, Whitelands College, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK.
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Schneider S, Adornetto C, In-Albon T, Federer M, Hensdiek M. Psychometrische Eigenschaften und Normierung der deutschen Version des Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443.38.3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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31
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Kingery JN, Ginsburg GS, Burstein M. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children in an African American adolescent sample. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2009; 40:287-300. [PMID: 19165593 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-009-0126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) among a community sample of 118 African American students (58 females; ages 14-19 years; mean age = 15.79) in an urban, parochial high school. Adolescents completed the MASC and several other self-report measures of anxiety, perceived competence, and symptoms of ADHD. The original MASC total and subscale mean scores were comparable to data reported in previous studies utilizing community samples of youth, though measures of internal consistency were lower. Factor analytic results supported a three factor solution (i.e., social anxiety, physical symptoms, harm avoidance) which accounted for 23.84% of the variance. While there was overlap in the underlying structure of anxiety between the original MASC publication and the current sample, items reflecting separation anxiety did not emerge as a separate factor. As expected, the MASC total score was positively correlated with measures of anxiety and perceived competence but unrelated to measures of hyperactivity. This study represents an important first step toward establishing more comprehensive age, race, and gender norms for the MASC.
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32
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Weems CF, Taylor LK, Marks AB, Varela RE. Anxiety Sensitivity in Childhood and Adolescence: Parent Reports and Factors that Influence Associations with Child Reports. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-008-9222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Further Evidence of the Reliability and Validity of the Multidimensional Anxiety. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-008-9095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Mor N, Zinbarg RE, Craske MG, Mineka S, Uliaszek A, Rose R, Griffith JW, Waters AM. Evaluating the invariance of the factor structure of the EPQ-R-N among adolescents. J Pers Assess 2008; 90:66-75. [PMID: 18444097 DOI: 10.1080/00223890701693777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the factor structure of the Neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R-N; S. B. G. Eysenck, Eysenck & Barrett, 1985) and its factor invariance across sex and racial/ethnic groups in a sample of 1,979 adolescents. Using confirmatory factor analyses, we compared a hierarchical model to previous models of the EPQ-R-N and to single-factor and 3-factor structures. The hierarchical factor structure in which a general factor coexists with 3 group factors (depression, social concerns, and worry) was superior to alternative models. The general factor accounted for more than 60% of the variance in EPQ-R-N total scores and was invariant across sex and ethnicity. The 3 group factors varied across ethnicity and sex. We discuss the implications of these findings for conceptualization and assessment of neuroticism using the EPQ-R-N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilly Mor
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, USA.
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35
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Ginsburg GS, Becker KD, Kingery JN, Nichols T. Transporting CBT for Childhood Anxiety Disorders into Inner-City School-Based Mental Health Clinics. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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McLaughlin EN, Stewart SH, Taylor S. Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index Factors Predict Unique Variance in DSM‐IV Anxiety Disorder Symptoms. Cogn Behav Ther 2007; 36:210-9. [DOI: 10.1080/16506070701499988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Thompson T, Keogh E, French CC, Davis R. Anxiety sensitivity and pain: generalisability across noxious stimuli. Pain 2007; 134:187-96. [PMID: 17532572 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity, a fear of anxiety-related symptoms, has been associated with a heightened experience of pain, especially within women. The majority of experimental studies investigating this association have relied heavily on the cold pressor technique as a means of pain induction, limiting the generalisability of results. The aim of the current study was to extend previous research by using two types of pain stimuli (cold and heat) to determine whether the link between anxiety sensitivity and pain generalises beyond cold pressor pain. The pain experience of 125 participants in response to these stimuli was assessed using threshold and tolerance readings, as well as subjective pain ratings. Results indicated a positive association between anxiety sensitivity and subjective pain, with this association observed primarily in females. Although analysis also indicated a basic generalisability of results across pain stimuli, anxiety sensitivity effects appeared to be especially pronounced during heat stimulation. These findings suggest that those high in anxiety sensitivity may respond more negatively to specific types of pain. Possible implications along with suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths College, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, UK.
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38
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Ginsburg GS, Lambert SF, Drake KL. Attributions of Control, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Panic Symptoms Among Adolescents. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-004-0664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Lambert SF, McCreary BT, Preston JL, Schmidt NB, Joiner TE, Ialongo NS. Anxiety sensitivity in African-American adolescents: evidence of symptom specificity of anxiety sensitivity components. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 43:887-95. [PMID: 15213590 DOI: 10.1097/01.chi.0000128799.99225.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the specificity of components of anxiety sensitivity (phrenophobia, fear of cardiovascular sensations, and fear of unsteadiness) to anxiety and depression in a sample of African-American adolescents. METHOD Participants were 527 African-American adolescents (238 females, mean age 13.8 years) who were originally recruited as first graders in 1993 to 1994 for participation in the second-generation Johns Hopkins Prevention Intervention Research Center trials. Youths completed measures of anxiety sensitivity and anxious and depressive symptoms in the spring of 2001. Associations between anxiety sensitivity and depression and anxiety were examined using hierarchical linear regressions. RESULTS Anxiety sensitivity as a unitary construct was positively associated with symptoms of anxiety after adjusting for symptoms of depression. Fear of unsteadiness showed specificity to anxiety after adjusting for depression and phrenophobia. Phrenophobia was positively associated with anxiety and depression, after adjusting for the other symptom and fears of physical sensations. CONCLUSIONS Specificity of anxiety sensitivity to anxiety in a sample of African-American adolescents furthers understanding of the nature of anxiety sensitivity in this group and the potential roles of components of anxiety sensitivity in the development of psychopathology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon F Lambert
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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40
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Neal-Barnett A. Orphans No More: A Commentary on Anxiety and African American Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2004; 33:276-8. [PMID: 15136192 DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3302_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Conducting research on anxiety disorders among African American children and adolescents, prior to the early 1990s was considered an "orphan area" of psychology. The articles in this section, first authored by a new generation of researchers, appear to set a direction for future research. The findings underscore the importance of including culturally relevant variables in the assessment of African American children's anxiety and its disorders.
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41
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Cooley MR, Boyce CA. An Introduction to Assessing Anxiety in Child and Adolescent Multiethnic Populations: Challenges and Opportunities for Enhancing Knowledge and Practice. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2004; 33:210-5. [PMID: 15136184 DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3302_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing that researchers and clinicians are increasingly faced with assessing, treating, and studying ethnically, racially, and culturally diverse populations, one question is whether the appropriate tools exist. This special section aspires to advance the available assessment strategies that are appropriate for the treatment, prevention, and research of diverse children and adolescents with anxiety symptoms and disorders. This introduction presents an overview of anxiety and its disorders among multiethnic youth and identifies emerging challenges and opportunities in the assessment and treatment of anxiety symptoms and disorders among Asian American and Pacific Islander, Hispanic/Latino, African American, and European American children and adolescents within a sociocultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Cooley
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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