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Kuo CY, Zheng YF, Wang WC, Toh JT, Hsu YM, Chien HJ, Chang CJ, Lai CC. Direct Identification of Intact Proteins Using a Low-Resolution Mass Spectrometer with CID n/ETnoD. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1507-1515. [PMID: 38905484 PMCID: PMC11228978 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, proteomics has become increasingly important and a heavily discussed topic. The identification of intact proteins remains a major focus in this field. While most intact proteins are analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry, identifying them through low-resolution mass spectrometry continues to pose challenges. In our study, we investigated the capability of identifying various intact proteins using collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer without dissociation (ETnoD). Using myoglobin as our test protein, stable product ions were generated with CID, and the identities of the product ions were identified with ETnoD. ETnoD uses a short activation time (AcT, 5 ms) to create sequential charge-reduced precursor ion (CRI). The charges of the fragments and their sequences were determined with corresponding CRI. The product ions can be selected for subsequent CID (termed CIDn) combined with ETnoD for further sequence identification and validation. We refer to this method as CIDn/ETnoD. The use of a multistage CID activation (CIDn) and ETnoD protocol has been applied to several intact proteins to obtain multiple sequence identifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Kuo
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Wang
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Teng Toh
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Hsu
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ju Chien
- Department
of Biochemical Science and Technology, National
Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jui Chang
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 970, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Advanced
Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China
Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Doctoral
Program in Translational Medicine, National
Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Rong
Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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2
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Teodori L, Omer M, Kjems J. RNA nanostructures for targeted drug delivery and imaging. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-19. [PMID: 38555519 PMCID: PMC10984137 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2328440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The RNA molecule plays a pivotal role in many biological processes by relaying genetic information, regulating gene expression, and serving as molecular machines and catalyzers. This inherent versatility of RNA has fueled significant advancements in the field of RNA nanotechnology, driving the engineering of complex nanoscale architectures toward biomedical applications, including targeted drug delivery and bioimaging. RNA polymers, serving as building blocks, offer programmability and predictability of Watson-Crick base pairing, as well as non-canonical base pairing, for the construction of nanostructures with high precision and stoichiometry. Leveraging the ease of chemical modifications to protect the RNA from degradation, researchers have developed highly functional and biocompatible RNA architectures and integrated them into preclinical studies for the delivery of payloads and imaging agents. This review offers an educational introduction to the use of RNA as a biopolymer in the design of multifunctional nanostructures applied to targeted delivery in vivo, summarizing physical and biological barriers along with strategies to overcome them. Furthermore, we highlight the most recent progress in the development of both small and larger RNA nanostructures, with a particular focus on imaging reagents and targeted cancer therapeutics in pre-clinical models and provide insights into the prospects of this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Teodori
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for RNA Therapeutics towards Metabolic Diseases (RNA-META), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marjan Omer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for RNA Therapeutics towards Metabolic Diseases (RNA-META), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Paramasivam G, Sanmugam A, Palem VV, Sevanan M, Sairam AB, Nachiappan N, Youn B, Lee JS, Nallal M, Park KH. Nanomaterials for detection of biomolecules and delivering therapeutic agents in theragnosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127904. [PMID: 37939770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are emerging facts used to deliver therapeutic agents in living systems. Nanotechnology is used as a compliment by implementing different kinds of nanotechnological applications such as nano-porous structures, functionalized nanomaterials, quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials, and polymeric nanostructures. The applications are in the initial stage, which led to achieving several diagnoses and therapy in clinical practice. This review conveys the importance of nanomaterials in post-genomic employment, which includes the design of immunosensors, immune assays, and drug delivery. In this view, genomics is a molecular tool containing large databases that are useful in choosing an apt molecular inhibitor such as drug, ligand and antibody target in the drug delivery process. This study identifies the expression of genes and proteins in analysis and classification of diseases. Experimentally, the study analyses the design of a disease model. In particular, drug delivery is a boon area to treat cancer. The identified drugs enter different phase trails (Trails I, II, and III). The genomic information conveys more essential entities to the phase I trials and helps to move further for other trails such as trails-II and III. In such cases, the biomarkers play a crucial role by monitoring the unique pathological process. Genetic engineering with recombinant DNA techniques can be employed to develop genetically engineered disease models. Delivering drugs in a specific area is one of the challenging issues achieved using nanoparticles. Therefore, genomics is considered as a vast molecular tool to identify drugs in personalized medicine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Paramasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anandhavelu Sanmugam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Palem
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananda Babu Sairam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nachiappan Nachiappan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthuchamy Nallal
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Jiang EY, Desroches ST, Mikos AG. Particle carriers for controlled release of peptides. J Control Release 2023; 360:953-968. [PMID: 37004797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been growing discovery and use of therapeutic peptides in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Peptides are smaller than proteins and can be formulated into drug delivery systems without significant loss of their bioactivity, which remains a concern with proteins. However, the smaller size of peptides has made the controlled release of these bioactive molecules from carriers challenging. Thus, there has been increasing development of carriers to improve the controlled release of peptides by leveraging hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the peptide and the carrier. The focus of this review paper is to critically discuss synthetic and natural nanoparticles and microparticles that have been investigated for the controlled delivery of peptides with emphasis on the underlying interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shelby T Desroches
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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5
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Mir MA, Qayoom H, Sofi S, Jan N. Proteomics: A groundbreaking development in cancer biology. Proteomics 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95072-5.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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6
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Kumar N, Chamoli P, Misra M, Manoj MK, Sharma A. Advanced metal and carbon nanostructures for medical, drug delivery and bio-imaging applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3987-4017. [PMID: 35244647 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer great promise for biomedical, environmental, and clinical applications due to their several unique properties as compared to their bulk counterparts. In this review article, we overview various types of metal NPs and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in monolithic form as well as embedded into polymer matrices for specific drug delivery and bio-imaging fields. The second part of this review covers important carbon nanostructures that have gained tremendous attention recently in such medical applications due to their ease of fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability at both cellular and molecular levels for phototherapy, radio-therapeutics, gene-delivery, and biotherapeutics. Furthermore, various applications and challenges involved in the use of NPs as biomaterials are also discussed following the future perspectives of the use of NPs in biomedicine. This review aims to contribute to the applications of different NPs in medicine and healthcare that may open up new avenues to encourage wider research opportunities across various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, SOE, O.P. Jindal University, Raigarh 496109, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Pankaj Chamoli
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mrinmoy Misra
- Department of Mechatronics, School of Automobile, Mechanical and Mechatronics, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007 Rajasthan, India
| | - M K Manoj
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-16499, South Korea.
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Tracey SR, Smyth P, Barelle CJ, Scott CJ. Development of next generation nanomedicine-based approaches for the treatment of cancer: we've barely scratched the surface. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2253-2269. [PMID: 34709394 PMCID: PMC8589425 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interest in nanomedicines has grown rapidly over the past two decades, owing to the promising therapeutic applications they may provide, particularly for the treatment of cancer. Personalised medicine and 'smart' actively targeted nanoparticles represent an opportunity to deliver therapies directly to cancer cells and provide sustained drug release, in turn providing overall lower off-target toxicity and increased therapeutic efficacy. However, the successful translation of nanomedicines from encouraging pre-clinical findings to the clinic has, to date, proven arduous. In this review, we will discuss the use of nanomedicines for the treatment of cancer, with a specific focus on the use of polymeric and lipid nanoparticle delivery systems. In particular, we examine approaches exploring the surface functionalisation of nanomedicines to elicit active targeting and therapeutic effects as well as challenges and future directions for nanoparticles in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R. Tracey
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, U.K
| | - Peter Smyth
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, U.K
| | - Caroline J. Barelle
- Elasmogen Ltd, Liberty Building, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Scott
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, U.K
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8
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Varini K, Lécorché P, Sonnette R, Gassiot F, Broc B, Godard M, David M, Faucon A, Abouzid K, Ferracci G, Temsamani J, Khrestchatisky M, Jacquot G. Target engagement and intracellular delivery of mono- and bivalent LDL receptor-binding peptide-cargo conjugates: Implications for the rational design of new targeted drug therapies. J Control Release 2019; 314:141-161. [PMID: 31644939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery to specific tissues and subcellular compartments is of paramount importance to optimize therapeutic or diagnostic interventions while minimizing side-effects. Using recently identified LDL receptor (LDLR) -targeting small synthetic peptide-vectors conjugated to model cargos of different nature and size, we investigated in LDLR-expressing cells the impact of vector-cargo molecular engineering and coupling valency, as well as the cellular exposure duration on their target engagement and intracellular trafficking and delivery profiles. All vector-cargo conjugates evaluated were found to be delivered to late compartments together with the natural ligand LDL, although to varying extents and with different kinetics. Partial recycling together with the LDLR was also consistently observed. Under continuous cellular exposure, the extent of intracellular vector-cargo delivery primarily relies on their endosomal unloading potential. In this condition, the highest intracellular delivery potential was observed with a monovalent conjugate displaying a rather high LDLR dissociation rate. On the contrary, under transient cellular exposure followed by chase, low dissociation-rate bivalent conjugates revealed a higher intracellular delivery potential than the monovalent conjugate. This was shown to rely on their ability to undergo multiple endocytosis-recycling rounds, with limited release in the ligand-free medium. The absence of reciprocal competition with the natural ligand LDL on their respective intracellular trafficking was also demonstrated, which is essential in terms of potential safety liabilities. These results demonstrate that not only molecular engineering of new therapeutic conjugates of interest, but also the cellular exposure mode used during in vitro evaluations are critical to anticipate and optimize their delivery potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Varini
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, INP, Inst. Neurophysiopathol., Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - B Broc
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Marseille, France
| | - M Godard
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Marseille, France
| | - M David
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Marseille, France
| | - A Faucon
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Marseille, France
| | | | - G Ferracci
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, INP, Inst. Neurophysiopathol., Marseille, France
| | | | - M Khrestchatisky
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, INP, Inst. Neurophysiopathol., Marseille, France
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Lim WQ, Phua SZF, Zhao Y. Redox-Responsive Polymeric Nanocomplex for Delivery of Cytotoxic Protein and Chemotherapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31638-31648. [PMID: 31389684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Responsive delivery of anticancer proteins into cells is an emerging field in biological therapeutics. Currently, the delivery of proteins is highly compromised by multiple successive physiological barriers that reduce the therapeutic efficacy. Hence, there is a need to design a robust and sustainable nanocarrier to provide suitable protection of proteins and overcome the physiological barriers for better cellular accumulation. In this work, polyethylenimine (PEI) cross-linked by oxaliplatin(IV) prodrug (oxliPt(IV)) was used to fabricate a redox-responsive nanocomplex (PEI-oxliPt(IV)@RNBC/GOD) for the delivery of a reactive oxygen species-cleavable, reversibly caged RNase A protein (i.e., RNase A nitrophenylboronic conjugate, RNBC) and glucose oxidase (GOD) in order to realize efficient cancer treatment. The generation of hydrogen peroxide by GOD can uncage and restore the enzymatic activity of RNBC. On account of the responsiveness of the nanocomplex to highly reducing cellular environment, it would dissociate and release the protein and active oxaliplatin drug, causing cell death by both catalyzing RNA degradation and inhibiting DNA synthesis. As assessed by the RNA degradation assay, the activity of the encapsulated RNBC was recovered by the catalytic production of hydrogen peroxide from GOD and glucose substrate overexpressed in cancer cells. Monitoring of the changes in nanoparticle size confirmed that the nanocomplex could dissociate in the reducing environment, with the release of active oxaliplatin drug and protein. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry analysis revealed highly efficient accumulation of the nanocomplex as compared to free native proteins. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments using 4T1 cancer cells showed ∼80% cell killing efficacy, with highly efficient apoptosis induction. Assisted by the cationic polymeric carrier, it was evident from CLSM images that intracellular delivery of the therapeutic protein significantly depleted the RNA level. Thus, this work provides a promising platform for the delivery of therapeutic proteins and chemotherapeutic drugs for efficient cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Lim
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
| | - Soo Zeng Fiona Phua
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
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Chen Y, Zhang M, Min KA, Wang H, Shin MC, Li F, Yang VC, Huang Y. Improved Protein Toxin Delivery Based on ATTEMPTS Systems. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 19:380-392. [PMID: 28260497 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170302094758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are wildly found in multiple species of plants, bacteria and fungi. As a special family of protein toxins, RIPs can inhibit protein synthesis and induce cell death via inactivating ribosome in eukaryotic cells. Thus, RIPs have been applied for anti-tumor therapy in the past two decades. However, because of poor cell permeability, nonselective mode of action for tumor cells, poor pharmacokinetic profiles and immunogenicity, their clinical application has been severely constrained. As an effort to overcome these obstacles, tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been conjugated to RIPs (forming so called "immunotoxins") specifically to increase their cytotoxicity and provide tumor targeting. Nevertheless, immunotoxins yet have not fully resolved all the issues and critical challenges still remain, such as immunogenicity and inability to penetrate into the deep site of tumor. OBJECTIVE To overcome the constrain of immunotoxins, the novel cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)- modified ATTEMPTS systems based on combination of CPP-mediated penetration and antibodymediated tumor targeting, with triggerable drug release function, were developed to achieve effective and safe delivery of protein toxin. RESULTS The CPP-modified ATTEMPTS systems showed effective protamine-triggered CPP-toxin release and thus enhanced CPP-mediated cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. It also showed antibodymediated in vivo tumor targeting and significantly increased in vivo tumor growth suppression with limited systematic toxicity. CONCLUSION The CPP-modified ATTEMPTS systems were developed and demonstrated as a proof-ofconcept for CPP-based protein toxin delivery with triggerable antibody targeting to improve the druggability of protein toxin drugs. The systems showed the potential application of protein toxin clinical translation in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kyoung Ah Min
- Inje University College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- Gyeongsang National University College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Korea.,University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Hampton University School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, United States
| | - Victor C Yang
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Liu HJ, Xu P. Smart Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Protein Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E511. [PMID: 30986952 PMCID: PMC6523670 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have attracted a lot of attention during the past decade which is attributable to their versatile and high loading capacity, easy surface functionalization, excellent biocompatibility, and great physicochemical and thermal stability. In this review, we discuss the factors affecting the loading of protein into MSN and general strategies for targeted delivery and controlled release of proteins with MSN. Additionally, we also give an outlook for the remaining challenges in the clinical translation of protein-loaded MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Liu
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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12
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Esmati N, Maddirala AR, Hussein N, Amawi H, Tiwari AK, Andreana PR. Efficient syntheses and anti-cancer activity of xenortides A-D including ent/epi-stereoisomers. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5332-5342. [PMID: 29999086 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot, two-step, total synthesis of naturally occurring xenortides A, B, C and D, (Xens A-D) isolated from the bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, and an entire complementary set of stereoisomers, has been achieved. Compounds were synthesized utilizing an isocyanide-based Ugi 4-CR followed by facile N-Boc deprotection. The reaction sequence took advantage of the chiral pool of N-Boc protected amino acids (l-Leu/Val and d-Leu/Val) with aryl isocyanides, phenyl acetaldehyde and methylamine giving the desired Xens A-D (A and B >98% ee) and all subsequent stereoisomers in reasonable yields upon deprotection followed by separation of diastereomers. Also, detailed mechanistic insights for diastereoselectivity of (-)-Xen A, as a model in the Ugi 4-CR, has been described. Moreover, for the first time, this focused library was screened for cytotoxicity against a panel of epithelial cancer cell lines as well as normal cell lines with an MTT proliferation assay. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study demonstrated that tryptamides Xen B and D were more active than phenylethylamides Xen A and C. Furthermore, (-)-Xen B (IC50 = 19-25 μM) and ent-(+)-Xen D (IC50 = 21-26 μM) gave the highest cytotoxicity and they were also found to be non-toxic toward normal cells. Importantly, the SAR results indicate that the stereochemistry at C8 and C11 in (-)-Xen B and ent-(+)-Xen D play a critical role in cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Esmati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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13
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Zhang F, Kong L, Liu D, Li W, Mäkilä E, Correia A, Lindgren R, Salonen J, Hirvonen JJ, Zhang H, Kros A, Santos HA. Sequential Antifouling Surface for Efficient Modulation of the Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions in Protein-Rich Environments. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Drug Research Program; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Li Kong
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9052, 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Dongfei Liu
- Drug Research Program; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Wei Li
- Drug Research Program; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics; Department of Physics; University of Turku; FI-20014 Turku Finland
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug Research Program; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Rici Lindgren
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics; Department of Physics; University of Turku; FI-20014 Turku Finland
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics; Department of Physics; University of Turku; FI-20014 Turku Finland
| | - Jouni J. Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory,; Turku Center for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Alexander Kros
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9052, 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Drug Research Program; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
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14
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Wang X, Gu M, Toh TB, Abdullah NLB, Chow EKH. Stimuli-Responsive Nanodiamond-Based Biosensor for Enhanced Metastatic Tumor Site Detection. SLAS Technol 2017; 23:44-56. [PMID: 29020497 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317735497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is often critical to cancer progression and linked to poor survival and drug resistance. Early detection of metastasis, as well as identification of metastatic tumor sites, can improve cancer patient survival. Thus, developing technology to improve the detection of cancer metastasis biomarkers can improve both diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we investigated the use of nanodiamonds to develop a stimuli-responsive metastasis detection complex that utilizes matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as a metastasis biomarker, as MMP9 increased expression has been shown to be indicative of metastasis. The nanodiamond-MMP9 biosensor complex consists of nanodiamonds functionalized with MMP9-specific fluorescent-labeled substrate peptides. Using this design, protease activity of MMP9 can be accurately measured and correlated to MMP9 expression. The nanodiamond-MMP9 biosensor also demonstrated an enhanced ability to protect the base sensor peptide from nonspecific serum protease cleavage. This enhanced peptide stability, combined with a quantitative stimuli-responsive output function, provides strong evidence for the further development of a nanodiamond-MMP9 biosensor for metastasis site detection. More importantly, this work provides the foundation for use of nanodiamonds as a platform for stimuli-responsive biosensors and theranostic complexes that can be implemented across a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengjie Gu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- 2 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurrul Lissa Binti Abdullah
- 2 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,2 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Bardania H, Tarvirdipour S, Dorkoosh F. Liposome-targeted delivery for highly potent drugs. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 45:1478-1489. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1290647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Shabnam Tarvirdipour
- Biomedical Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Andar AU, Karan R, Pecher WT, DasSarma P, Hedrich WD, Stinchcomb AL, DasSarma S. Microneedle-Assisted Skin Permeation by Nontoxic Bioengineerable Gas Vesicle Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:953-958. [PMID: 28068767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPs) are hollow, buoyant protein organelles produced by the extremophilic microbe Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 and are being developed as bioengineerable and biocompatible antigen and drug-delivery systems (DDS). Dynamic light scattering measurements of purified GVNP suspensions showed a mean diameter of 245 nm. In vitro diffusion studies using Yucatan miniature pig skin showed GVNP permeation to be enhanced after MN-treatment compared to untreated skin. GVNPs were found to be nontoxic to mammalian cells (human kidney and rat mycocardial myoblasts). These findings support the use of GVNPs as DDS for intradermal/transdermal permeation of protein- and peptide-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay U Andar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Ram Karan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Wolf T Pecher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States.,Yale Gordon College of Arts and Sciences, University of Baltimore , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Priya DasSarma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - William D Hedrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Audra L Stinchcomb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Shiladitya DasSarma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
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17
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Lin Z, Zhang Q, Luo W. Angiogenesis inhibitors as therapeutic agents in cancer: Challenges and future directions. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 793:76-81. [PMID: 27840192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has become an attractive target for cancer therapy since the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first angiogenesis inhibitor (bevacizumab) for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in 2004. In following years, a large number of angiogenesis inhibitors have been discovered and developed, ranging from monoclonal antibodies, endogenous peptides, to small organic molecules and microRNAs. Many of them are now entering the clinical trial, or achieving approval for clinical use. However, major limitations have been observed about angiogenesis inhibitors by continued clinical investigations, such as resistance, enhancing tumor hypoxia and reducing delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, which might be the main reason for poor improvement in overall survival after angiogenesis inhibitor administration in clinic. Therefore, optimal anti-angiogenic therapy strategies become critical. The present review summarizes recent researches in angiogenesis inhibitors, and proposes a perspective on future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhong Luo
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Lee SM, Ahn YD, Mun H, Goh B, Kim TY, Seo J, Kim MG. Solid-phase Synthesis of Folate-Chlorin Conjugates for Selective Photodynamic Therapy and the Effect of Linker Variation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry; School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Deok Ahn
- Department of Chemistry; School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyoung Mun
- Department of Chemistry; School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsook Goh
- Department of Chemistry; School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry; School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
- School of Earch Sciences and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry; School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
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19
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Chen Y, Zhang M, Jin H, Tang Y, Wang H, Xu Q, Li Y, Li F, Huang Y. Intein-mediated site-specific synthesis of tumor-targeting protein delivery system: Turning PEG dilemma into prodrug-like feature. Biomaterials 2016; 116:57-68. [PMID: 27914267 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Poor tumor-targeted and cytoplasmic delivery is a bottleneck for protein toxin-based cancer therapy. Ideally, a protein toxin drug should remain stealthy in circulation for prolonged half-life and reduced side toxicity, but turn activated at tumor. PEGylation is a solution to achieve the first goal, but creates a hurdle for the second because PEG rejects interaction between the drugs and tumor cells therein. Such PEG dilemma is an unsolved problem in protein delivery. Herein proposed is a concept of turning PEG dilemma into prodrug-like feature. A site-selectively PEGylated, gelatinase-triggered cell-penetrating trichosanthin protein delivery system is developed with three specific aims. The first is to develop an intein-based ligation method for achieving site-specific modification of protein toxins. The second is to develop a prodrug feature that renders protein toxins remaining stealthy in blood for reduced side toxicity and improved EPR effect. The third is to develop a gelatinase activatable cell-penetration strategy for enhanced tumor targeting and cytoplasmic delivery. Of note, site-specific modification is a big challenge in protein drug research, especially for such a complicated, multifunctional protein delivery system. We successfully develop a protocol for constructing a macromolecular prodrug system with intein-mediated ligation synthesis. With an on-column process of purification and intein-mediated cleavage, the site-specific PEGylation then can be readily achieved by conjugation with the activated C-terminus, thus constructing a PEG-capped, cell-penetrating trichosanthin system with a gelatinase-cleavable linker that enables tumor-specific activation of cytoplasmic delivery. It provides a promising method to address the PEG dilemma for enhanced protein drug delivery, and importantly, a facile protocol for site-specific modification of such a class of protein drugs for improving their druggability and industrial translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyue Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yisi Tang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Tropical Medical Institute, 12 Ji-chang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Tropical Medical Institute, 12 Ji-chang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Li
- Hampton University School of Pharmacy, Kittrell Hall RM216, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai 201203, China.
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20
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Jacquot G, Lécorché P, Malcor JD, Laurencin M, Smirnova M, Varini K, Malicet C, Gassiot F, Abouzid K, Faucon A, David M, Gaudin N, Masse M, Ferracci G, Dive V, Cisternino S, Khrestchatisky M. Optimization and in Vivo Validation of Peptide Vectors Targeting the LDL Receptor. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:4094-4105. [PMID: 27656777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Active targeting and delivery to pathophysiological organs of interest is of paramount importance to increase specific accumulation of therapeutic drugs or imaging agents while avoiding systemic side effects. We recently developed a family of new peptide ligands of the human and rodent LDL receptor (LDLR), an attractive cell-surface receptor with high uptake activity and local enrichment in several normal or pathological tissues (Malcor et al., J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55 (5), 2227). Initial chemical optimization of the 15-mer, all natural amino acid compound 1/VH411 (DSGL[CMPRLRGC]cDPR) and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation led to the cyclic 8 amino acid analogue compound 22/VH445 ([cMPRLRGC]c) which specifically binds hLDLR with a KD of 76 nM and has an in vitro blood half-life of ∼3 h. Further introduction of non-natural amino acids led to the identification of compound 60/VH4106 ([(d)-"Pen"M"Thz"RLRGC]c), which showed the highest KD value of 9 nM. However, this latter analogue displayed the lowest in vitro blood half-life (∼1.9 h). In the present study, we designed a new set of peptide analogues, namely, VH4127 to VH4131, with further improved biological properties. Detailed analysis of the hLDLR-binding kinetics of previous and new analogues showed that the latter all displayed very high on-rates, in the 106 s-1.M-1 range, and off-rates varying from the low 10-2 s-1 to the 10-1 s-1 range. Furthermore, all these new analogues showed increased blood half-lives in vitro, reaching ∼7 and 10 h for VH4129 and VH4131, respectively. Interestingly, we demonstrate in cell-based assays using both VH445 and the most balanced optimized analogue VH4127 ([cM"Thz"RLRG"Pen"]c), showing a KD of 18 nM and a blood half-life of ∼4.3 h, that its higher on-rate correlated with a significant increase in both the extent of cell-surface binding to hLDLR and the endocytosis potential. Finally, intravenous injection of tritium-radiolabeled 3H-VH4127 in wild-type or ldlr -/- mice confirmed their active LDLR targeting in vivo. Overall, this study extends our previous work toward a diversified portfolio of LDLR-targeted peptide vectors with validated LDLR-targeting potential in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquot
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Pascaline Lécorché
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Malcor
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Mathieu Laurencin
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France.,CEA-Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire de Protéines (SIMOPRO), Labex LERMIT, CEA-DSV-iBiTecS , 91191 Gif/Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Maria Smirnova
- Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM U1144 , Paris 75006, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR S-1144 , Paris 75006, France
| | - Karine Varini
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, NICN , Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Malicet
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Fanny Gassiot
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Karima Abouzid
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Aude Faucon
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Marion David
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Nicolas Gaudin
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, NICN , Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Masse
- VECT-HORUS SAS, Faculté de Médecine secteur Nord , 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, CS80011, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Vincent Dive
- CEA-Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire de Protéines (SIMOPRO), Labex LERMIT, CEA-DSV-iBiTecS , 91191 Gif/Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM U1144 , Paris 75006, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR S-1144 , Paris 75006, France
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21
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The D-form of a novel heparan binding peptide decreases cytomegalovirus infection in vivo and in vitro. Antiviral Res 2016; 135:15-23. [PMID: 27678155 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in utero can lead to congenital sensory neural hearing loss and mental retardation. Reactivation or primary infection can increase the morbidity and mortality in immune suppressed transplant recipients and AIDS patients. The current standard of care for HCMV disease is nucleoside analogs, which can be nephrotoxic. In addition resistance to current treatments is becoming increasingly common. In an effort to develop novel CMV treatments, we tested the effectiveness of the D-form of a novel heparan sulfate binding peptide, p5RD, at reducing infection of ganciclovir (GCV) resistant HCMVs in vitro and MCMV in vivo. HCMV infection was reduced by greater than 90% when cells were pretreated with p5RD. Because p5RD acts by a mechanism unrelated to those used by current antivirals, it was effective at reducing GCV resistant HCMVs by 85%. We show that p5RD is resistant to common proteases and serum inactivation, which likely contributed to its ability to significantly reduced infection of peritoneal exudate cells and viral loads in the spleen and the lungs in vivo. The ability of p5RD to reduce HCMV infectivity in vitro including GCV resistant HCMVs and MCMV infection in vivo suggests that this peptide could be a novel anti-CMV therapeutic.
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22
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Dyawanapelly S, Koli U, Dharamdasani V, Jain R, Dandekar P. Improved mucoadhesion and cell uptake of chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide surface-modified polymer nanoparticles for mucosal delivery of proteins. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:365-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Kharkar PM, Rehmann MS, Skeens KM, Maverakis E, Kloxin AM. Thiol-ene click hydrogels for therapeutic delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:165-179. [PMID: 28361125 PMCID: PMC5369354 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are of growing interest for the delivery of therapeutics to specific sites in the body. For use as a delivery vehicle, hydrophilic precursors are usually laden with bioactive moieties and then directly injected to the site of interest for in situ gel formation and controlled release dictated by precursor design. Hydrogels formed by thiol-ene click reactions are attractive for local controlled release of therapeutics owing to their rapid reaction rate and efficiency under mild aqueous conditions, enabling in situ formation of gels with tunable properties often responsive to environmental cues. Herein, we will review the wide range of applications for thiol-ene hydrogels, from the prolonged release of anti-inflammatory drugs in the spine to the release of protein-based therapeutics in response to cell-secreted enzymes, with a focus on their clinical relevance. We will also provide a brief overview of thiol-ene click chemistry and discuss the available alkene chemistries pertinent to macromolecule functionalization and hydrogel formation. These chemistries include functional groups susceptible to Michael type reactions relevant for injection and radically-mediated reactions for greater temporal control of formation at sites of interest using light. Additionally, mechanisms for the encapsulation and controlled release of therapeutic cargoes are reviewed, including i) tuning the mesh size of the hydrogel initially and temporally for cargo entrapment and release and ii) covalent tethering of the cargo with degradable linkers or affinity binding sequences to mediate release. Finally, myriad thiol-ene hydrogels and their specific applications also are discussed to give a sampling of the current and future utilization of this chemistry for delivery of therapeutics, such as small molecule drugs, peptides, and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathamesh M. Kharkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rehmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kelsi M. Skeens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 3301 C St, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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24
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Arora N, Ghosh SS. Functional characterizations of interactive recombinant PTEN–silica nanoparticles for potential biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosystem mediated successful stabilization and delivery of functional recombinant PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
- Centre for Nanotechnology
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25
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Wang L, Zhong X, Qian W, Huang J, Cao Z, Yu Q, Lipowska M, Lin R, Wang A, Yang L, Mao H. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging of receptor targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in mouse tumor models. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 40:1071-81. [PMID: 25485347 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate an ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging approach for improving the detection of receptor targeted magnetic nanoparticles in cancer xenograft models using positive contrast. MATERIALS AND METHODS Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) conjugated with tumor targeting ligands were prepared. A 3D UTE gradient echo sequence with the shortest TE of 0.07 msec was evaluated on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner using IONP solution, cancer cells bound with targeted IONPs and orthotopic human pancreatic, and breast cancer mouse models administered tumor targeting IONPs. A simulation was performed to analyze contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) of UTE images and subtraction of the images obtained UTE and longer TE (SubUTE). T2-weighted imaging and T2 relaxometry mapping were applied for comparison and validation. RESULTS UTE and SubUTE images showed positive contrast in pancreatic tumors accumulated with EGFR targeted ScFvEGFR-IONPs and mammary tumors accumulated with uPAR targeted ATF-IONPs. The positive contrast observed in UTE images was consistent with the negative contrast observed in the T2-weighted images. A flip angle of 10° and a maximal possible TE for the second echo are suitable for SubUTE imaging. CONCLUSION UTE imaging is capable of detecting tumor targeted IONPs in vivo with positive contrast in molecular MRI applications.
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26
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Barbosa M, Martins MCL, Gomes P. Grafting Techniques towards Production of Peptide-Tethered Hydrogels, a Novel Class of Materials with Biomedical Interest. Gels 2015; 1:194-218. [PMID: 30674173 PMCID: PMC6318633 DOI: 10.3390/gels1020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new highly functional polymeric biomaterials are being developed to increase the therapeutic efficacy in tissue regeneration approaches. Peptides regulate most physiological processes and display several other biological activities. Therefore, their importance in the field of biomedical research and drug development is rapidly increasing. However, the use of peptides as therapeutic agents is restricted by some of their physicochemical properties. The development of improved routes of delivery of peptide-based therapeutics is crucial and is crucial and its biomedical value is expected to increase in the near future. The unique properties of hydrogels triggered their spreading as localized drug depots. Several strategies, such as the carbodiimide chemistry, have been used to successfully immobilize bioactive peptide sequences into the hydrogels backbone. Peptide tethering through the so-called "click" chemistry reactions is also a highly promising, yet underexplored, approach to the synthesis of hydrogels with varying dimensions and patterns. The present review focus on the approaches that are being used for the establishment of chemical bonds between peptides and non-peptidic hydrogels throughout the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barbosa
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, P-4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, P-4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Gomes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Omotuyi O, Ueda H. Energetics and protomer communication in the dynamical structure of S100A13 in free and protein-bound states. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2015.1091936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oi Omotuyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Bazak R, Houri M, Achy SE, Kamel S, Refaat T. Cancer active targeting by nanoparticles: a comprehensive review of literature. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:769-84. [PMID: 25005786 PMCID: PMC4710367 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and thus, the scientific community has but great efforts to improve cancer management. Among the major challenges in cancer management is development of agents that can be used for early diagnosis and effective therapy. Conventional cancer management frequently lacks accurate tools for detection of early tumors and has an associated risk of serious side effects of chemotherapeutics. The need to optimize therapeutic ratio as the difference with which a treatment affects cancer cells versus healthy tissues lead to idea that it is needful to have a treatment that could act a the "magic bullet"-recognize cancer cells only. Nanoparticle platforms offer a variety of potentially efficient solutions for development of targeted agents that can be exploited for cancer diagnosis and treatment. There are two ways by which targeting of nanoparticles can be achieved, namely passive and active targeting. Passive targeting allows for the efficient localization of nanoparticles within the tumor microenvironment. Active targeting facilitates the active uptake of nanoparticles by the tumor cells themselves. METHODS Relevant English electronic databases and scientifically published original articles and reviews were systematically searched for the purpose of this review. RESULTS In this report, we present a comprehensive review of literatures focusing on the active targeting of nanoparticles to cancer cells, including antibody and antibody fragment-based targeting, antigen-based targeting, aptamer-based targeting, as well as ligand-based targeting. CONCLUSION To date, the optimum targeting strategy has not yet been announced, each has its own advantages and disadvantages even though a number of them have found their way for clinical application. Perhaps, a combination of strategies can be employed to improve the precision of drug delivery, paving the way for a more effective personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remon Bazak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Houri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar El Achy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Serag Kamel
- House Officer, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tamer Refaat
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Raddum AM, Hollås H, Shumilin IA, Henklein P, Kretsinger R, Fossen T, Vedeler A. The native structure of annexin A2 peptides in hydrophilic environment determines their anti-angiogenic effects. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:1-15. [PMID: 25772737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The progression of aggressive cancer occurs via angiogenesis and metastasis makes these processes important targets for the development of anti-cancer agents. However, recent studies have raised the concern that selective inhibition of angiogenesis results in a switch towards increased tumour growth and metastasis. Since Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is involved in both angiogenesis and metastasis, it may serve as an ideal target for the simultaneous inhibition of both processes. Based on the discovery that domains I (D(I)) and IV (D(IV)) of AnxA2 are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis, we designed seven peptides derived from these domains based on AnxA2 crystal structures. The peptides were expressed as fusion peptides to increase their folding and solubility. Light scattering, far-UV circular dichroism and thermal transition analyses were employed to investigate their aggregation tendencies, α-helical propensity and stability, respectively. 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (50%) increased the α-helical propensities of all peptides, indicating that they may favour a hydrophobic environment, but did not enhance their thermal stability. D(I)-P2 appears to be the most stable and folded peptide in a hydrophilic environment. The secondary structure of D(I)-P2 was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The effect of the seven AnxA2 peptides on the formation and integrity of capillary-like networks was studied in a co-culture system mimicking many of the angiogenesis-related processes. Notably, D(I)-P2 inhibited significantly network formation in this system, indicating that the folded D(I)-P2 peptide interferes with vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent pro-angiogenic processes. Thus, this peptide has the potential of being developed further as an anti-angiogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Torgils Fossen
- Centre for Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen.
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Lactosylated PLGA nanoparticles containing ϵ-polylysine for the sustained release and liver-targeted delivery of the negatively charged proteins. Int J Pharm 2015; 478:633-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Deng H, Zhao X, Liu J, Deng L, Zhang J, Liu J, Dong A. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive PEG–PCL nanoparticles with pH-controlled negative-to-positive charge reversal for intracellular delivery of doxorubicin. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:9397-9408. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01939g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The charge-conversional behavior and ROS-sensitivity of mPEG-ros-P(CL-co-DCL) NPs for active loading and triggered release of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhang Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Padiation Molecular and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Liandong Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Padiation Molecular and Molecular Nuclear Medicine
- Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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32
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Lu Y, Sun W, Gu Z. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for therapeutic protein delivery. J Control Release 2014; 194:1-19. [PMID: 25151983 PMCID: PMC4330094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics have emerged as a significant role in treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. The efficacy of protein therapeutics, however, is limited by their instability, immunogenicity and short half-life. In order to overcome these barriers, tremendous efforts have recently been made in developing controlled protein delivery systems. Stimuli-triggered release is an appealing and promising approach for protein delivery and has made protein delivery with both spatiotemporal- and dosage-controlled manners possible. This review surveys recent advances in controlled protein delivery of proteins or peptides using stimuli-responsive nanomaterials. Strategies utilizing both physiological and external stimuli are introduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Pandey M, Mahadevan D. Monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics in human malignancies. Future Oncol 2014; 10:609-36. [PMID: 24754592 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a proven effective therapeutic modality in human malignancy. Several mAbs are approved to targets critical in aberrant oncogenic signaling within tumors and their microenvironment. These targets include secreted ligands (e.g., VEGF and HGH), their receptors (e.g., HER2 and VEGFR2), cell surface counter receptors and their receptor-bound ligands (e.g., PD1 and PD1L, respectively). The ability to genetically engineer the structure and/or functions of mAbs has significantly improved their effectiveness. Furthermore, advances in gene expression profiling, proteomics, deep sequencing and deciphering of complex signaling networks have revealed novel therapeutic targets. We review target selection, approved indications and the rationale for mAb utilization in solid and hematologic malignancies. We also discuss novel mAbs in early- and late-phase clinical trials that are likely to change the natural history of disease and improve survival. The future challenge is to design mAb-based novel trial designs for diagnostics and therapeutics for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Pandey
- The West Clinic & University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 100 North Humphreys Boulevard, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- The West Clinic & University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 100 North Humphreys Boulevard, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell Gray
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
| | - Kathlynn C. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
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Panda JJ, Yandrapu S, Kadam RS, Chauhan VS, Kompella UB. Self-assembled phenylalanine-α,β-dehydrophenylalanine nanotubes for sustained intravitreal delivery of a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. J Control Release 2013; 172:1151-60. [PMID: 24075925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current standard of care for sustained back of the eye drug delivery is surgical placement or injection of large, slow release implants using a relatively large 22 gauge needle. We designed novel dipeptide (phenylalanine-α,β-dehydrophenylalanine; Phe-∆Phe) based nanotubes with a diameter of ~15-30 nm and a length of ~1500 nm that could be injected with a 33 gauge needle for sustained intravitreal delivery of pazopanib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The drug could be loaded during nanotube assembly or post-loaded after nanotube formation, with the former being more efficient at 25% w/w pazopanib loading and ~55% loading efficiency. Plain and peptide loaded nanotube were non-cytotoxic to retinal pigment epithelial cells even at a concentration of 200 μg/ml. Following intravitreal injection of fluorescently labeled nanotubes using a 33 gauge needle in a rat model, the nanotube persistence and drug delivery were monitored using noninvasive fluorophotometry, electron microscopy and mass spectrometry analysis. Nanotubes persisted in the vitreous humor during the 15 days study and pazopanib levels in the vitreous humor, retina, and choroid-RPE at the end of the study were 4.5, 5, and 2.5-folds higher, respectively, compared to the plain drug. Thus, Phe-∆Phe nanotubes allow intravitreal injections with a small gauge needle and sustain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiban J Panda
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067 India; Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Zhang X, Zhao J, Wen Y, Zhu C, Yang J, Yao F. Carboxymethyl chitosan-poly(amidoamine) dendrimer core-shell nanoparticles for intracellular lysozyme delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1326-34. [PMID: 24053810 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of native, active proteins is challenging due to the fragility of most proteins. Herein, a novel polymer/protein polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticle with core-shell structure was prepared. Carboxymethyl chitosan-grafted-terminal carboxyl group-poly(amidoamine) (CM-chitosan-PAMAM) dendrimers were synthesized by amidation and saponification reactions. (1)H NMR was used to characterize CM-chitosan-PAMAM dendrimers. The TEM images and results of lysozyme loading efficiency indicated that CM-chitosan-PAMAM dendrimers could self-assemble into core-shell nanoparticles, and lysozyme was efficiently encapsulated inside the core of CM-chitosan-PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles. Activity of lysozyme was completely inhibited by CM-chitosan-PAMAM Dendrimers at physiological pH, whereas it was released into the medium and exhibited a significant enzymatic activity in an acidic intracellular environment. Moreover, the CM-chitosan-PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity in the range of concentrations below 3.16 mg/ml. The results indicated that these CM-chitosan-PAMAM dendrimers have excellent properties as highly potent and non-toxic intracellular protein carriers, which would create opportunities for novel applications in protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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37
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Yurgel V, Collares T, Seixas F. Developments in the use of nanocapsules in oncology. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:486-501. [PMID: 23802234 PMCID: PMC3854440 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology to medicine can provide important benefits, especially in oncology, a fact that has resulted in the emergence of a new field called Nanooncology. Nanoparticles can be engineered to incorporate a wide variety of chemotherapeutic or diagnostic agents. A nanocapsule is a vesicular system that exhibits a typical core-shell structure in which active molecules are confined to a reservoir or within a cavity that is surrounded by a polymer membrane or coating. Delivery systems based on nanocapsules are usually transported to a targeted tumor site and then release their contents upon change in environmental conditions. An effective delivery of the therapeutic agent to the tumor site and to the infiltrating tumor cells is difficult to achieve in many cancer treatments. Therefore, new devices are being developed to facilitate intratumoral distribution, to protect the active agent from premature degradation and to allow its sustained and controlled release. This review focuses on recent studies on the use of nanocapsules for cancer therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yurgel
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Unidade de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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38
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Khan SA, Schneider M. Improvement of Nanoprecipitation Technique for Preparation of Gelatin Nanoparticles and Potential Macromolecular Drug Loading. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:455-63. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Gao X, Zhou P, Yang R, Yang D, Zhang N. Protein-loaded comb-shape copolymer-based pH-responsive nanoparticles to improve the stability of proteins. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4992-5002. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20500b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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40
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Zhong YJ, Shao LH, Li Y. Cathepsin B-cleavable doxorubicin prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2012; 42:373-83. [PMID: 23291656 PMCID: PMC3583876 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective cytotoxic anticancer drugs used for the treatment of hematological malignancies, as well as a broad range of solid tumors. However, the clinical applications of this drug have long been limited due to its severe dose-dependent toxicities. Therefore, DOX derivatives and analogs have been developed to address this issue. A type of DOX prodrug, cleaved by cathepsin B (Cat B), which is highly upregulated in malignant tumors and premalignant lesions, has been developed to achieve a higher DOX concentration in tumor tissue and a lower concentration in normal tissue, so as to enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity to normal cells. In this review, we focused on Cat B-cleavable DOX prodrugs and discussed the efficacy of these prodrugs, demonstrated by preclinical and clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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41
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Muro S. Challenges in design and characterization of ligand-targeted drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2012; 164:125-37. [PMID: 22709588 PMCID: PMC3481020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of therapeutic agents to molecular markers expressed on the surface of cells requiring clinical intervention holds promise to improve specificity of delivery, enhancing therapeutic effects while decreasing potential damage to healthy tissues. Drug targeting to cellular receptors involved in endocytic transport facilitates intracellular delivery, a requirement for a number of therapeutic goals. However, after several decades of experimental design, there is still considerable controversy on the practical outcome of drug targeting strategies. The plethora of factors contributing to the relative efficacy of targeting makes the success of these approaches hardly predictable. Lack of fully specific targets, along with selection of targets with spatial and temporal expression well aligned to interventional requirements, pose difficulties to this process. Selection of adequate sub-molecular target epitopes determines accessibility for anchoring of drug conjugates and bulkier drug carriers, as well as proper signaling for uptake within the cell. Targeting design must adapt to physiological variables of blood flow, disease status, and tissue architecture by accommodating physicochemical parameters such as carrier composition, functionalization, geometry, and avidity. In many cases, opposite features need to meet a balance, e.g., sustained circulation versus efficient targeting, penetration through tissues versus uptake within cells, internalization within endocytic compartment to avoid efflux pumps versus accessibility to molecular targets within the cytosol, etc. Detailed characterization of these complex physiological factors and design parameters, along with a deep understanding of the mechanisms governing the interaction of targeted drugs and carriers with the biological environment, are necessary steps toward achieving efficient drug targeting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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42
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Caboni L, Lloyd DG. Beyond the ligand-binding pocket: targeting alternate sites in nuclear receptors. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:1081-118. [PMID: 23344935 DOI: 10.1002/med.21275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of ligand-modulated transcription factors with significant therapeutic relevance from metabolic disorders and inflammation to cancer, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Drug discovery efforts are typically concentrated on modulating the natural ligand action within the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) in the C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD). Drawbacks of LBP-based strategies include physiological alterations due to disruption of ligand binding and difficulties in achieving tissue specificity. Furthermore, the lack of a "pure" and predictable mechanism of action predisposes such intervention toward drug resistance. Recent outstanding progress in our understanding of NR biology has shifted the focus of drug discovery efforts from inside to outside the LBP, affording consideration to the interaction between NRs and coactivator proteins, the interaction between NRs and DNA and the NRs' ligand-independent functions. This review encompasses such currently available NR non-LBP-based interventions and their potential application in therapy or as specific tools to probe NR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caboni
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Firer MA, Gellerman G. Targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy: the other side of antibodies. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:70. [PMID: 23140144 PMCID: PMC3508879 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibody (TMA) based therapies for cancer have advanced significantly over the past two decades both in their molecular sophistication and clinical efficacy. Initial development efforts focused mainly on humanizing the antibody protein to overcome problems of immunogenicity and on expanding of the target antigen repertoire. In parallel to naked TMAs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been developed for targeted delivery of potent anti-cancer drugs with the aim of bypassing the morbidity common to conventional chemotherapy. This paper first presents a review of TMAs and ADCs approved for clinical use by the FDA and those in development, focusing on hematological malignancies. Despite advances in these areas, both TMAs and ADCs still carry limitations and we highlight the more important ones including cancer cell specificity, conjugation chemistry, tumor penetration, product heterogeneity and manufacturing issues. In view of the recognized importance of targeted drug delivery strategies for cancer therapy, we discuss the advantages of alternative drug carriers and where these should be applied, focusing on peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), particularly those discovered through combinatorial peptide libraries. By defining the advantages and disadvantages of naked TMAs, ADCs and PDCs it should be possible to develop a more rational approach to the application of targeted drug delivery strategies in different situations and ultimately, to a broader basket of more effective therapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Firer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University Center, Ariel, Israel.
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Wang R, Xiao R, Zeng Z, Xu L, Wang J. Application of poly(ethylene glycol)-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) block copolymers and their derivatives as nanomaterials in drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4185-98. [PMID: 22904628 PMCID: PMC3418104 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol)–distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) block copolymers are biocompatible and amphiphilic polymers that can be widely utilized in the preparation of liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, polymer hybrid nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles, and microemulsions. Particularly, the terminal groups of PEG can be activated and linked to various targeting ligands, which can prolong the circulation time, improve the drug bioavailability, reduce undesirable side effects, and especially target specific cells, tissues, and even the intracellular localization in organelles. This review herein aims to describe recent developments in drug carriers exploiting PEG-DSPE block copolymers and their derivatives, and the incorporation of different ligands to the end groups of PEG-DSPE to target delivery, focusing on their modification approaches, advantages, applications, and the probable associated drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- Campus Hospital of Zhejiang University, and Research Center for Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 1378 Wen Yi Xi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. /
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Chang MW, Lo JM, Juan HF, Chang HY, Chuang CY. Combination of RGD compound and low-dose paclitaxel induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37935. [PMID: 22655084 PMCID: PMC3360022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrins are a family of transmembrane adhesion proteins that mediate cell adhesion and intracellular signaling. Integrin-αvβ3 is expressed on the surface of human glioblastoma cells, and can be further induced by chemical stress. The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif-containing peptides are specifically bound to integrin-αvβ3, and to inhibit neovasculature underlying competition to normal extracellular matrix proteins. This study employed two types of RGD peptides, cyclic RGD (c(RGDyK)) and bi-cyclic RGD (E[c(RGDyK)]2) peptide, to human glioblastoma U87MG cells with combination of low dose Paclitaxel (PTX) pre-treatment to augment therapeutic activity for RGD peptide-induced apoptosis. Principal Findings Human glioblastoma U87MG cells were treated with RGD peptides in the absence or presence of initial exposure to low-dose 10 nM PTX. Results showed that integrin-αvβ3 expressing on the surface of U87MG cells was induced by 10 nM PTX pre-treatment for 12 hrs. Additionally, the U87MG cells pre-treated with PTX and followed by RGD peptides exhibited greater expression of caspases-3, -8 and -9 than those merely treated with single agent of PTX or RGD peptide. Furthermore, the caspase-3, -8 and -9 inhibitor presented significant protection against E[c(RGDyK)]2 peptide induced U87MG programmed cell death. The increased expression of PTX-induced integrin-αvβ3 was correlated with the enhanced apoptosis in U87MG cells. Conclusions This study provides a novel concept of targeting integrin-αvβ3 with RGD peptides in combination with low-dose PTX pre-treatment to improve efficiency in human glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Mau Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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46
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Kim SY, Kim TH, Choi JH, Lee KC, Park KD, Lee SJ, Kuh HJ. Evaluation of interstitial protein delivery in multicellular layers model. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:531-41. [PMID: 22477201 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The limited efficacy of anticancer protein drugs is related to their poor distribution in tumor tissue. We examined interstitial delivery of four model proteins of different molecular size and bioaffinity in multicellular layers (MCL) of human cancer cells. Model proteins were tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-including ligand (TRAIL), cetuximab, RNase A, and IgG. MCLs were cultured in Transwell inserts, exposed to drugs, then cryo-sectioned for image acquisition using fluorescence microscopy (fluorescent dye-labeled TRAIL, RNase A, IgG) or immunohistochemistry (cetuximab). TRAIL and cetuximab showed partial penetration into MCLs, whereas RNase A and IgG showed insignificant penetration. At 10-fold higher dose, a significant increase in penetration was observed for IgG only, while cetuximab showed an intense accumulation limited to the front layers. PEGylated TRAIL and RNase A formulated in a heparin-Pluronic (HP) nanogel showed significantly improved penetration attributable to increased stability and extracellular matrix binding, respectively. IgG penetration was significantly enhanced with paclitaxel pretreatment as a penetration enhancer. The present study suggests that MCL culture may be useful in evaluation of protein delivery in the tumor interstitium. Four model proteins showed limited interstitial penetration in MCL cultures. Bioaffinity, rather than molecular size, seems to have a positive effect on tissue penetration, although high binding affinity may lead to sequestration in the front cell layers. Polymer conjugation and nanoformulation, such as PEGylation and HP nanogel, or use of penetration enhancers are potential strategies to increase interstitial delivery of anticancer protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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47
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Zhang Y, Gemeinhart RA. Improving matrix metalloproteinase-2 specific response of a hydrogel system using electrophoresis. Int J Pharm 2012; 429:31-7. [PMID: 22440150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) overexpression plays a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. We utilized this key feature of tumor microenvironment to develop a disease-stimuli triggered drug delivery system. Poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were synthesized by UV polymerization and pendant MMP-2 sensitive peptides (Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Val-Arg-Gly-Lys) conjugated throughout using EDC/sulfo-NHS chemistry. There were significantly more peptides released in the presence of MMP-2 compared with the control groups. The released peptide fragments were analyzed by HPLC and MALDI-MS and confirmed to be the expected fragments. In order to avoid nonspecific release of nonconjugated (i.e. unreacted) peptides, a novel method of electrophoretic washing was developed disrupting the strong electrostatic interactions between the peptides and the pendant groups of the hydrogel. After electrophoresis, the nonspecific peptide release in the absence of MMP-2 was minimized. This newly developed purification system significantly improved the control of release to be in response of the magnitude of the stimuli, i.e. MMP. Specifically, peptides were released proportionally to the concentration of MMP-2 present. Now that many of the design parameters have been examined, anticancer drugs will be conjugated to the MMP sensitive peptide linkers with the goal of implantation in a tumor void releasing anticancer reagent in response to elevated level of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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48
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Katsila T, Siskos AP, Tamvakopoulos C. Peptide and protein drugs: the study of their metabolism and catabolism by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:110-133. [PMID: 21698655 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein drugs have evolved in recent years into mainstream therapeutics, representing a significant portion of the pharmaceutical market. Peptides and proteins exhibit highly diverse structures, broad biological activities as hormones, neurotransmitters, structural proteins, metabolic modulators and therefore have a significant role as both therapeutics and biomarkers. Understanding the metabolism of synthetic or biotechnologically derived peptide and protein drugs is critical for pharmaceutical development as metabolism has a significant impact on drug efficacy and safety. Although the same principles of pharmacokinetics and metabolism of small molecule drugs apply to peptide and protein drugs, there are few notable differences. Moreover, the study of peptide and protein drug metabolism is a rather complicated process which requires sophisticated analytical techniques, and mass spectrometry based approaches have provided the capabilities for efficient and reliable quantification, characterization, and metabolite identification. This review article will focus on the current use of mass spectrometry for the study of the metabolism of peptide and protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katsila
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Soranou Efesiou Street 4, Athens GR-11527, Greece
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49
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Arjmand F, A. J. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro DNA binding studies of tin(IV) complexes of tert-butyl 1-(2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl carbamate. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Tyagi N, Ghosh PC. Folate receptor mediated targeted delivery of ricin entrapped into sterically stabilized liposomes to human epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells: effect of monensin intercalated into folate-tagged liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 43:343-53. [PMID: 21621613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ricin was encapsulated into various sterically stabilized liposomes having different density of folate on the surface and the cytotoxicity of ricin in these liposomes was examined in KB cells. The effect of monensin in free and various sterically stabilized liposomal forms having different density of folate on the surface on the enhancement of cytotoxicity of ricin entrapped in these liposomes was also examined. It was observed that liposomal ricin having 0.5 mol% folate-PEG on the surface exhibits maximum cytotoxicity (IC(50)=1274 ng/ml) in KB cells as compared to non-targeted liposomes (IC(50)=3274 ng/ml). Monensin either in free form (266.2-fold) or liposomal form (291.5-fold) enhances the cytotoxicity of this targeted liposomal ricin significantly. This enhancement of the cytotoxicity of ricin entrapped in folate-targeted liposomes is further enhanced to 557.7-fold by monensin when it was delivered through folate-targeted (0.5 mol% folate-PEG) liposomes. The present study has clearly demonstrated that ricin entrapped in folate-tagged-sterically stabilized liposomes in combination with monensin intercalated in folate-tagged-sterically stabilized liposomes may have potential application for the treatment of cancer cells over-expressing folate receptors on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
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