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Nomura M, Tomita J, Itakura S, Todo H, Kodama N, Inoue Y. Study of the preparation, characterization, and solubility of lidocaine complexed with 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39030701 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2382396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to prepare solid dispersions of lidocaine (Lid) with 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate (SSA) by freeze-drying (freeze-dried [FD] Lid/SSA = 1/1) and to evaluate their physical properties. METHODS Here, we evaluated the physicochemical properties and solubility of solid dispersions of Lid and SSA prepared by freeze-drying (freeze-dried [FD] Lid/SSA = 1/1). RESULTS Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that after freeze-drying, the endothermic peak due to Lid melting, the dehydration peak, and the endothermic peak due to SSA melting disappeared. Powder X-ray diffraction results showed that the characteristic Lid and SSA peaks disappeared after freeze-drying, indicating a halo pattern. The near-infrared spectroscopy results suggested that Lid-derived -NH and -CH groups and the Lid-derived -OH and -CH groups from the SSA peak shifted and broadened after freeze-drying, suggesting their involvement in complex formation through Lid/SSA intermolecular interactions. Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements showed a cross-peak due to the interaction between the Lid-derived -CH group and the SSA-derived -OH group, suggesting hydrogen bonding. Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy NMR measurements showed that the diffusion coefficients of Lid and SSA aggregated in FD Lid/SSA, suggesting a change in Lid dispersibility in the solvent owing to the formation of a complex with SSA. The solubility of FD Lid/SSA was approximately 88 mg/mL (∼20-fold higher than that of Lid). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that complex formation occurred in FD Lid/SSA; this enhanced the solubility of this dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Nomura
- Laboratory of Nutri-Pharmacotherapeutics Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Junki Tomita
- Instrument Analysis Center, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Shoko Itakura
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Todo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Cosmeceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nao Kodama
- Laboratory of Nutri-Pharmacotherapeutics Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inoue
- Laboratory of Nutri-Pharmacotherapeutics Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
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2
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Yang Y, Qiu J, Kong J, Cao Y, Liu Y, Chen S, Wen Z, Sun F, Cao X. Development of a UPLC-MS/MS method for quantifying KPT-335 (Verdinexor) in feline plasma for a study of PK. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1438295. [PMID: 39132444 PMCID: PMC11310113 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1438295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
KPT-335 (Verdinexor) is a novel SINE that potently inhibits the nucleoprotein Exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1) of tumor cell lines and reduces the replication level of the influenza virus. KPT-335 is mainly used for the treatment of canine tumors. Drugs for the effective treatment of feline tumors are currently unavailable in China. KPT-335 may have potential in the treatment of cat tumors. However, the effects of KPT-335 in cats are unreported, and no relevant methodology has been established for pharmacokinetic studies. In this study, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to determine KPT-335 concentrations in cat plasma, followed by pharmacokinetic studies. Briefly, plasma proteins are precipitated with acetonitrile, and the supernatant was collected for detection after centrifugation. The linearity for KPT-335 in cat plasma was in the range of 5-1,000 ng/mL. Satisfactory accuracy and precision were obtained. The intra-day accuracy was between -4.10% and 10.48%, the precision was ≤4.65%; the inter-day accuracy was between -0.11% and 8.09%, and the precision was ≤5.85%. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were within regulatory limits. The results of preliminary pharmacokinetic studies were as follows: Tmax was 1.46 ± 0.51 h; Cmax was 239.54 ± 190.60 ng·mL-1; T1/2 was 5.16 ± 2.30 h; AUC0-t was 1439.85 ± 964.64 ng·mL-1·h. The AUC0-∞ was 1589.82 ± 1003.75 ng·mL-1·h. The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and simple UPLC-MS/MS method to detect KPT-335 concentration in cat plasma and to conduct preliminary pharmacokinetic studies to support the future application of KPT-335 in felines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sumeng Chen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Wen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Liu J, Nagapudi K, Chiang PC. Evaluating Utilization of Tiny-TIM to Assess the Effect of Food on the Absorptions of Oral Drugs and Its Application on Biopharmaceutical Modeling. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1586-1596. [PMID: 38266915 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Safety and efficacy are the most critical factors for the development of modern medications. For oral drugs, evaluating drug exposure under various conditions is one of the most important outcomes for clinical trials. These data will help to better understand the safety and efficacy of new drugs. Studies involving potential drug-drug interactions, proton pump inhibitors, and intake of food are often conducted to assess the above. Among the above, the influence of food on exposure to the drug is one of the key data sets for regulatory submission. Since food may have either a positive or negative effect on drug exposure, it is important to obtain an early assessment of the food effect. To better forecast and plan for clinical studies, substantial efforts have been made in the industry to develop modeling and in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Despite the efforts, predicting the effect of food on exposure without integrating the dynamic of the gastrointestinal tract in the assessment remains challenging. In this study, we evaluated the utilization of the dynamic Gastro-Intestinal Model (Tiny-TIM) for the food effect of over 20 drugs/formulations in development or on the market that covers all BCS classes. In general, the Tiny-TIM predicted food effects were in good agreement with the reported data in humans. This suggests that Tiny-TIM can successfully capture the impact of physicochemical properties on absorption under the influence of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Po-Chang Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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4
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Di R, Bansal KK, Rosenholm JM, Grohganz H, Rades T. Utilizing the allyl-terminated copolymer methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol))-block-poly(jasmine lactone) in the development of amorphous solid dispersions: A comparative study of functionalized and non-functionalized polymer. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124175. [PMID: 38685442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Molecular interactions are crucial to stabilize amorphous drugs in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Most polymers, however, have only a limited ability to form strong molecular interactions with drugs. Polymers tailored to fit the physicochemical properties of the drug molecule to be incorporated, for instance by allowing the incorporation of specific functional groups, would be highly sought-for in this regard. For this purpose, the novel allyl-terminated polymer methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-block-poly(jasmine lactone) (mPEG-b-PJL) has been synthesized and functionalized to potentially enhance specific drug-polymer interactions. This study investigated the use of mPEG-b-PJL in ASDs, using carvedilol (CAR), a weakly basic model drug. The findings revealed that the acidic functionalized form of the polymer (mPEG-b-PJL-COOH) indeed established stronger molecular interactions with CAR compared to its non-functionalized counterpart mPEG-b-PJL. Evaluations on polymer effectiveness in forming ASDs demonstrated that mPEG-b-PJL-COOH outperformed its non-functionalized counterpart in miscibility, drug loading ability, and stability, inferred from reduced molecular mobility. However, dissolution tests indicated that ASDs with mPEG-b-PJL-COOH did not significantly improve the dissolution behaviour compared to amorphous CAR alone, despite potential solubility enhancement through micelle formation. Overall, this study confirms the potential of functionalized polymers in ASD formulations, while the challenge of improving dissolution performance in these ASDs remains an area of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Di
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kuldeep K Bansal
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Turku, Finland.
| | - Holger Grohganz
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kean EA, Adeleke OA. A child-friendly anti-infective gummy formulation: Design, physicochemical, micromechanical, and taste sensory evaluation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1319-1337. [PMID: 37930631 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The shortage of child friendly formulations constitutes a key part of the major challenges impeding the successful management of tuberculosis disease in the paediatric population. Chewable formulations are an attractive alternative to traditional preparations like tablets and suspensions owing to the possibility for taste masking, administration without water, their unique physical appeal, visually appeasing shapes, and useability in children 2 years old and above. Consequently, we designed a polymeric gummy drug formulation (P-GDF), herein referred to as the FlexiChew formulation, containing a first-line antitubercular agent, isoniazid, using a combined solid-liquid dispersion and temperature dependent sol-gel processing technique. The resulting P-GDF was visually attractive, supple, easy to handle, dimensionally compact (17.738 ± 0.779 mm height, 10.473 ± 0.944 mm width, and 8.603 ± 0.852 mm thickness), light weight (1.425 ± 0.038 g), mechanically robust (hardness = 37.260 ± 4.66 N; resilience = 0.542 ± 0.029), and potentially easy to masticate (chewiness = 30.570 ± 13.090 N; cohesiveness = 0.800 ± 0.283%; adhesiveness = 0.018 ± 0.007 mJ). It was structurally intact, effectively encapsulated isoniazid (101.565 ± 4.181%), and released it (≈100% in 75 min) following zero order and non-Fickian mechanisms in different dissolution media. Besides, it displayed efficient taste masking and palatability relative to its placebo (signal distance = 54). Short-term stability studies revealed optimal storage conditions to be under controlled ambient environments, away from direct light, and without desiccants. Thus, a child friendly isoniazid-loaded edible gummy drug formulation was successfully fabricated with the goal of improving adherence and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Kean
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Oluwatoyin A Adeleke
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Sokač K, Miloloža M, Kučić Grgić D, Žižek K. Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Dasatinib: Formulation and Ecotoxicological Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:551. [PMID: 38675212 PMCID: PMC11053848 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib (DAS), a potent anticancer drug, has been subjected to formulation enhancements due to challenges such as significant first-pass metabolism, poor absorption, and limited oral bioavailability. To improve its release profile, DAS was embedded in a matrix of the hydrophilic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Drug amorphization was induced in a planetary ball mill by solvent-free co-grinding, facilitating mechanochemical activation. This process resulted in the formation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). The ASD capsules exhibited a notable enhancement in the release rate of DAS compared to capsules containing the initial drug. Given that anticancer drugs often undergo limited metabolism in the body with unchanged excretion, the ecotoxicological effect of the native form of DAS was investigated as well, considering its potential accumulation in the environment. The highest ecotoxicological effect was observed on the bacteria Vibrio fischeri, while other test organisms (bacteria Pseudomonas putida, microalgae Chlorella sp., and duckweed Lemna minor) exhibited negligible effects. The enhanced drug release not only contributes to improved oral absorption but also has the potential to reduce the proportion of DAS that enters the environment through human excretion. This comprehensive approach highlights the significance of integrating advances in drug development while considering its environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Sokač
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.G.); (K.Ž.)
| | - Martina Miloloža
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.G.); (K.Ž.)
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Kir F, Al-Sulaiti FK, Sahin S. Evaluation of in vitro dissolution profiles of modified-release metoprolol succinate tablets crushed using mortar and pestle technique. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106694. [PMID: 38191064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical practice guidelines advise against crushing modified-release dosage forms. Metoprolol succinate modified-release (MS-MR) tablets are commonly crushed in clinical practice to facilitate administration to patients with swallowing difficulties or using feeding tubes. To date, the effect of this practice remains unexplored. The in vitro effects of crushing commercially available MS-MR tablets were explored using a holistic approach. METHODS Dissolution profiles of crushed versus whole MS-MR tablets were compared. Tablets were crushed to powder state using pragmatic method mimicking hospital practices. For standardization purposes, the same operator, duration (60 seconds), hand, and mortar-pestle apparatus were used. Dissolution studies were conducted per U.S. Pharmacopeia at pH 1.2, pH 4.5, and pH 6.8 with USP apparatus 2 (paddle) at rotation speed of 50 rpm at 37±0.5 °C in 500 mL dissolution media. Samples were withdrawn at predetermined time points. Percent drug dissolved was measured by validated UV-vis Spectrophotometry. Comprehensive analysis of the dissolution data was conducted using model-independent, model-dependent, and ANOVA-based approaches (SPSS v.23 at α=0.05). Similarity (f2) and difference (f1) factors were calculated to compare the dissolution profiles between crushed (CT) and whole tablets (WT). Goodness of fit (GOF) analysis examined the compliance between in vitro dissolution behaviors and several drug release models. Model selection was based on GOF plots, Akaike criteria and adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj). Imaging and particle size distribution analysis were conducted to examine associated surface and morphologic changes. RESULTS The dissolution profiles were not similar at pH 4.5 (f2=45.43, f1=18.97) and pH 6.8 (f2=31.47, f1=32.94). CT best fitted with Higuchi (pH 1.2: R2adj=0.9990), Weibull (pH 4.5: R2adj=0.9884), and Korsmeyer-Peppas (pH 6.8: R2adj=0.9719). Contrastingly, WT best fitted with Hopfenberg (pH 1.2: R2adj=0.9986), logistic (pH 4.5: R2adj=0.9839) and first-order (pH 6.8: R2adj=0.9979) models. A significant difference in the dissolution profiles was found between CT and WT using multivariate analysis of variance per time points and between the tablet forms (p=0.004). This was confirmed by unparalleled dissolution profiles. Crushing resulted in variations in particle size and surface morphological changes to the micropellets. CONCLUSION Crushing practices change the dissolution profile of MS-MR tablets by deforming the surface morphology of embedded micropellets. Amounts of drug dissolved between CT and WT were not the same at the compared time points across gastrointestinal pH ranges. This suggests potential clinical impact on plasma-concentration profiles of critically ill patients using feeding tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatima K Al-Sulaiti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selma Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Desai M, Patil PH, Rao RR, Shenoy GG, Rao M, Mutalik S, Jagadish PC. Should the Use of Acid Reducing Agents in Conjunction with Ribociclib be Avoided? An Integrated QbD Approach for Assessment of pH-Mediated Interaction. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:175-181. [PMID: 36241222 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the possible pH-dependent interaction of ribociclib succinate with acid-reducing agents, which are concomitantly administered as supportive care medicines in cancer. Quality by Design-based analytical method development for a weakly basic drug ribociclib succinate supposedly having the characteristic ability of pH-dependent solubility was carried out for analyzing micro-dissolution experiment samples in biorelevant media to study pH-dependent interaction. An accurate and robust analytical method was developed using a three-level three-factorial box-behnken design for quantification of ribociclib succinate in micro-dissolution samples by the implementation of the Analytical Quality by Design approach. Here, pH of aqueous mobile phase and flow rate proved to be critical process parameters. The gastric compartment solubility was found to be 814.05 μg/mL, which dropped down to 494.71 μg/mL after a pH shift from pH 1.2-6.5. In the intestinal compartment, initial solubility was 717.58 μg/mL, which reduced to 463.20 μg/mL after a pH shift from 6.5 to 6.8. Concluded results state that pH shift does not impact the solubility or the absorption of the drug to a significant extent in the presence of acid-reducing agents. However, the study would prove to be a practical approach for examination of the behavior of the drugs at the initial stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Prajakta Harish Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Rajat Radhakrishna Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Gurupur Gautham Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
| | - Puralae Channabasavaiah Jagadish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi District, Karnataka State, India
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Kovačević M, Zvonar Pobirk A, German Ilić I. The effect of polymeric binder type and concentration on flow and dissolution properties of SMEDDS loaded mesoporous silica-based granules. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106582. [PMID: 37709174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are lipid-based formulations, designed to improve the solubility of poorly-water soluble drugs. Mesoporous silica is frequently used for SMEDDS solidification by various techniques. One of them is wet granulation, which enables achieving both high SMEDDS load and good flow properties. This study investigated the effect of six polymeric binders' addition to granulation dispersion (GD) (povidone K30, povidone K90, copovidone, Pharmacoat® 603, Pharmacoat® 615 and Methocel™ K100 Premium LV) on characteristics of produced SMEDDS granules, prepared by wet granulation. By incorporation of polymer in GD, it was possible to produce mesoporous silica-based free-flowing granules, with preserved self-microemulsifying properties, responsible for improved in vitro release of carvedilol. The incorporation of higher molecular weight binders resulted in slower in vitro release, while high binder concentration was related to faster drug release. The highest release rate was achieved with povidone K30 at 7.45 % binder concentration, as corresponding granules exhibited complete drug release already in 5 min. Granulation method (manual vs. high-shear) influenced the release rate of carvedilol as it was released slower from SMEDDS granules prepared using the granulator. Finally, SMEDDS tablet formulation was optimized to achieve maximum granule content and adequate tablet hardness. Increased granule content found to negatively influence tablet hardness, as maximum granule content of 25 % was needed to obtain appropriate hardness. Such tablets exhibited short disintegration time, so this final prototype can be considered as orodispersible tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Kovačević
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Zvonar Pobirk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ilija German Ilić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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10
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Singh S, Singh J, Arora D. Liquisolid Technique: A Novel Technique with Remarkable Applications in Pharmaceutics. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e101023222025. [PMID: 38629170 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638258285230921025512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Recently, it has been observed that newly developed drugs are lipophilic and have low aqueous solubility issues, which results in a lower dissolution rate and bioavailability of the drugs. To overcome these issues, the liquisolid technique, an innovative and advanced approach, comes into play. This technique involves the conversion of the drug into liquid form by dissolving it in non-volatile solvent and then converting the liquid medication into dry, free-flowing, and compressible form by the addition of carrier and coating material. It offers advantages like low cost of production, easy method of preparation, and compactable with thermo labile and hygroscopic drugs. It has been widely applied for BCS II drugs to enhance dissolution profile. Improving bioavailability, providing sustained release, minimizing pH influence on drug dissolution, and improving drug photostability are some of the other promising applications of this technology. This review article presents an overview of the liquisolid technique and its applications in formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahibpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Punjab, India
| | - Disha Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Punjab, India
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Merchant J, Müllertz A, Rades T, Bannow J. Functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC) as a novel carrier to solidify supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (super-SNEDDS). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:198-207. [PMID: 37926269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC), a novel pharmaceutical excipient, has shown promising properties in the field of oral drug delivery. The current study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of FCC as a carrier for the solidification of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) containing the poorly water-soluble model drug carvedilol (CRV). Conventional, subsaturated SNEDDS (80 %-SNEDDSliquid) and supersaturated SNEDDS (200 %-SNEDDSliquid) were loaded onto FCC via physical adsorption at three ratios; 2.5:1, 3.0:1 and 3.5:1 (w/w) of FCC:SNEDDSliquid, respectively, generating free-flowing powders (SNEDDSFCC) with drug loading ranging from 0.8 % to 2.6 % (w/w) CRV. The emulsification of SNEDDSFCC in a USP II dissolution setup (in purified water) was characterized using dynamic light scattering, resulting in similar droplet sizes and PDIs as observed for their liquid counterparts. The morphology and physical state of the obtained SNEDDSFCC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The physical stability and drug release upon dispersion were assessed as a function of storage time. The 200 %-SNEDDSliquid were physically stable for 6 days, however, solidification using FCC stabilized the supersaturated concentrations of CRV for a test period of up to 10 weeks (solidification ratios 3.0:1 and 3.5:1 (FCC:SNEDDSliquid)). SNEDDSFCC achieved an improved rate and extent of drug release upon dispersion compared to the crystalline CRV in tap water (pH 7.5), however, to a lesser extent than their liquid counterparts. After 8 weeks of storage (25 °C at dry conditions), FCC was still able to rapidly release the SNEDDSliquid and demonstrated the same rate and extent of drug release as freshly prepared samples. The solidification of 200 %-SNEDDSliquid in presence of FCC greatly improved the drug loading and showed an enhanced drug release profile compared to the conventional systems. In conclusion, FCC showed potential as a carrier for solidification of SNEDDS and for the development of novel supersaturated solid SNEDDS for the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Merchant
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bannow
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Alrashdan M, Shraideh ZA, Abulateefeh SR. Optimizing formulation parameters for the development of carvedilol injectable in situ forming depots. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:865-876. [PMID: 37795865 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2267673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ forming depots (ISFDs) represent attractive alternatives to the conventional sustained drug delivery systems. Carvedilol, a short half-life drug used on a daily basis to manage chronic conditions, could benefit from this technology. The aim of this work was to develop, for the first time, a new injectable long-acting carvedilol-ISFD. Accordingly, 4 different grades of polyesters with varying properties as i) lactide-to glycolide ratio (polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) vs. polylactide (PLA)), and ii) end functionality (acid- vs. ester-capped) were utilized for the preparation of ISFD formulations. In addition, 4 different organic solvents with varying properties (i.e. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate, and benzyl benzoate) were also investigated. It was found that NMP and DMSO were more suitable for the formation of depots. Furthermore, all ISFD formulations demonstrated excellent encapsulation efficiency (i.e. 96-98%). Interestingly, both PLGA-based ISFDs (acid-capped and ester-capped) exhibited similar release behaviors and were able to extend carvedilol release over 30 days. On the other hand, acid-capped and ester-capped PLA-based ISFDs exhibited slower release over the 30 days with an average release of only 36% and 60%, respectively. In conclusion, the developed carvedilol-ISFDs resulted in a tunable extended-release behavior, simply by choosing the appropriate grade of polymer. These results open the door toward a novel injectable carvedilol-ISFD formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd Alrashdan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ziad A Shraideh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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13
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Roy P, Chakraborty S, Pandey N, Kumari N, Chougule S, Chatterjee A, Chatterjee K, Mandal P, Gorain B, Dhotre AV, Bansal AK, Ghosh A. Study on Sulfamethoxazole-Piperazine Salt: A Mechanistic Insight into Simultaneous Improvement of Physicochemical Properties. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5226-5239. [PMID: 37677085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug salts represent more than one drug in a crystal lattice and thus could be used to deliver multiple drugs in a single dose. It showcases unique physicochemical properties in comparison to individual components, which could lead to improved efficacy and therapeutic synergism. This study presents the preparation and scale-up of sulfamethoxazole-piperazine salt, which has been thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermal and spectroscopic analyses. A detailed mechanistic study investigates the impact of piperazine on the microenvironmental pH of the salt and its effect on the speciation profile, solubility, dissolution, and diffusion profile. Also, the improvement in the physicochemical properties of sulfamethoxazole due to the formation of salt was explored with lattice energy contributions. A greater ionization of sulfamethoxazole (due to pH changes contributed by piperazine) and lesser lattice energy of sulfamethoxazole-piperazine contributed to improved solubility, dissolution, and permeability. Moreover, the prepared salt addresses the stability issues of piperazine and exhibits good stability behavior under accelerated stability conditions. Due to the improvement of physicochemical properties, the sulfamethoxazole-piperazine salt demonstrates better pharmacokinetic parameters in comparison to sulfamethoxazole and provides a strong suggestion for the reduction of dose. The following study suggests that multidrug salts can concurrently enhance the physicochemical properties of drugs and present themselves as improved fixed-dose combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Roy
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Soumalya Chakraborty
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Noopur Pandey
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nimmy Kumari
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sourav Chougule
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kaberi Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pallab Mandal
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ananta V Dhotre
- College of Dairy Technology, Warud, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Pusad, Nagpur 445204, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Bansal
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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14
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Zupančič O, Kushwah V, Paudel A. Pancreatic lipase digestion: The forgotten barrier in oral administration of lipid-based delivery systems? J Control Release 2023; 362:381-395. [PMID: 37579977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the importance of controlling the digestion process of orally administered lipid-based delivery systems (LBDS) and their performance. Oral LBDS are prone to digestion via pancreatic lipase in the small intestine. Rapid or uncontrolled digestion may cause the loss of delivery system integrity, its structural changes, reduced solubilization capacity and physical stability issues. All these events can lead to uncontrolled drug release from the digested LBDS into the gastrointestinal environment, exposing the incorporated drug to precipitation or degradation by luminal proteases. To prevent this, the digestion rate of orally administered LBDS can be estimated by appropriate choice of the formulation type, excipient combinations and their ratios. In addition, in vitro digestion models like pH-stat are useful tools to evaluate the formulation digestion rate. Controlling digestion can be achieved by conventional lipase inhibitors like orlistat, sterically hindering of lipase adsorption on the delivery system surface with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, lipase desorption or saturation of the interface with surfactants as well as formulating LBDS with ester-free excipients. Recent in vivo studies demonstrated that digestion inhibition lead to altered pharmacokinetic profiles, where Cmax and Tmax were reduced in spite of same AUC compared to control or even improved oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ožbej Zupančič
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Graz University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13/3, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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15
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Chiclana-Rodríguez B, Garcia-Montoya E, Rouaz-El Hajoui K, Romero-Obon M, Nardi-Ricart A, Suñé-Pou M, Suñé-Negre JM, Pérez-Lozano P. Development of a Carvedilol Oral Liquid Formulation for Paediatric Use. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2283. [PMID: 37765252 PMCID: PMC10537783 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol (CARV) is an 'off-label' β-blocker drug to treat cardiovascular diseases in children. Since CARV is nearly insoluble in water, only CARV solid forms are commercialized. Usually, CARV tablets are manipulated to prepare an extemporaneous liquid formulation for children in hospitals. We studied CARV to improve its aqueous solubility and develop an oral solution. In this study, we assessed the solubility and preliminary stability of CARV in different pH media. Using malic acid as a solubility enhancer had satisfactory results. We studied the chemical, physical, and microbiological stability of 1 mg/mL CARV-malic acid solution. A design of experiment (DoE) was used to optimize the CARV solution's preparation parameters. A 1 mg/mL CARV solution containing malic acid was stable for up to 12 months at 25 °C and 30 °C and 6 months at 40 °C. An equation associating malic acid with CARV concentrations was obtained using DoE. Microbiological data showed that the use of methylparaben was not necessary for this period of time. We successfully developed an aqueous CARV solution suitable for paediatrics and proven to be stable over a 12-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Chiclana-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.-R.); (K.R.-E.H.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
| | - Encarnacion Garcia-Montoya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.-R.); (K.R.-E.H.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08090 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Khadija Rouaz-El Hajoui
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.-R.); (K.R.-E.H.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08090 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Romero-Obon
- Quality Assurance Pharmaceutical Sites Director—Laboratorios ALMIRALL, Ctra. de Martorell, 41-61, 08740 Sant Andreu de la Barca, Spain
| | - Anna Nardi-Ricart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.-R.); (K.R.-E.H.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
| | - Marc Suñé-Pou
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.-R.); (K.R.-E.H.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08090 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Suñé-Negre
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.-R.); (K.R.-E.H.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08090 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Lozano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.-R.); (K.R.-E.H.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08090 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Rai SK, Marverti G, Gunnam A, Allu S, Nangia AK. Dabrafenib-Panobinostat Salt: Improving the Dissolution Rate and Inhibition of BRAF Melanoma Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18255-18265. [PMID: 37251170 PMCID: PMC10210236 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of the drug-drug salt-cocrystal of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) panobinostat (PAN) and b-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (BRAF) inhibitor dabrafenib (DBF) afforded single crystals of a two-drug salt stabilized by N+-H···O and N+-H···N- hydrogen bonds between the ionized panobinostat ammonium donor and dabrafenib sulfonamide anion acceptor in a 12-member ring motif. A faster dissolution rate for both drugs was achieved through the salt combination compared to the individual drugs in an aqueous acidic medium. The dissolution rate exhibited a peak concentration (Cmax) of approximately 310 mg cm-2 min-1 for PAN and 240 mg cm-2 min-1 for DBF at a Tmax of less than 20 min under gastric pH 1.2 (0.1 N HCl) compared to the pure drug dissolution values of 10 and 80 mg cm-2 min-1, respectively. The novel and fast-dissolving salt DBF-·PAN+ was analyzed in BRAFV600E melanoma cells Sk-Mel28. DBF-·PAN+ reduced the dose-response from micromolar to nanomolar concentrations and lowered IC50 (21.9 ± 7.2 nM) by half compared to PAN alone (45.3 ± 12.0 nM). The enhanced dissolution and lower survival rate of melanoma cells show the potential of novel DBF-·PAN+ salt in clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Rai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Lucknow, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaetano Marverti
- Department
of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anilkumar Gunnam
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500
046, India
| | - Suryanarayana Allu
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500
046, India
| | - Ashwini K. Nangia
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500
046, India
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17
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Nguyen HT, Van Duong T, Taylor LS. Impact of Gastric pH Variations on the Release of Amorphous Solid Dispersion Formulations Containing a Weakly Basic Drug and Enteric Polymers. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1681-1695. [PMID: 36730186 PMCID: PMC9997068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Enteric polymers are widely used in amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations. The aim of the current study was to explore ASD failure mechanisms across a wide range of pH conditions that mimic in vivo gastric compartment variations where enteric polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) are largely insoluble. Delamanid (DLM), a weakly basic drug used to treat tuberculosis, was selected as the model compound. Both DLM free base and the edisylate salt were formulated with HPMCP, while DLM edisylate ASDs were also prepared with different grades of HPMCAS. Two-stage release testing was conducted with the gastric stage pH varied between pH 1.6 and 5.0, prior to transfer to intestinal conditions of pH 6.5. ASD particles were collected following suspension in the gastric compartment and evaluated using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Additional samples were also evaluated with polarized light microscopy. In general, ASDs with HPMCP showed improved overall release for all testing conditions, relative to ASDs with HPMCAS. ASDs with the edisylate salt likewise outperformed those with DLM free base. Impaired release for certain formulations at intestinal pH conditions was attributed to surface drug crystallization that initiated during suspension in the gastric compartment where the polymer is insoluble; crystallization appeared more extensive for HPMCAS ASDs. These findings suggest that gastric pH variations should be evaluated for ASD formulations containing weakly basic drugs and enteric polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tu Van Duong
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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18
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Hsieh CM, Yang TL, Putri AD, Chen CT. Application of Design of Experiments in the Development of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:283. [PMID: 37259427 PMCID: PMC9958669 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery has become the route of choice among all other types of drug administrations. However, typical chronic disease drugs are often poorly water-soluble, have low dissolution rates, and undergo first-pass metabolism, ultimately leading to low bioavailability and lack of efficacy. The lipid-based formulation offers tremendous benefits of using versatile excipients and has great compatibility with all types of dosage forms. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) promotes drug self-emulsification in a combination of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, thereby facilitating better drug solubility and absorption. The feasible preparation of SMEDDS creates a promising strategy to improve the drawbacks of lipophilic drugs administered orally. Selecting a decent mixing among these components is, therefore, of importance for successful SMEDDS. Quality by Design (QbD) brings a systematic approach to drug development, and it offers promise to significantly improve the manufacturing quality performance of SMEDDS. Furthermore, it could be benefited efficiently by conducting pre-formulation studies integrated with the statistical design of experiment (DoE). In this review, we highlight the recent findings for the development of microemulsions and SMEDDS by using DoE methods to optimize the formulations for drugs in different excipients with controllable ratios. A brief overview of DoE concepts is discussed, along with its technical benefits in improving SMEDDS formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Lun Yang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Athika Darumas Putri
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semarang College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (STIFAR), Semarang City 50192, Indonesia
| | - Chin-Tin Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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19
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The β-Blocker Carvedilol Prevents Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Lung Toxicity, Inflammation and Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030583. [PMID: 36765542 PMCID: PMC9913110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effects of the β-blocker carvedilol on benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and its active metabolite benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-induced lung toxicity, inflammation and carcinogenesis and explored the potential mechanisms. Carvedilol blocked the BPDE-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B. In BEAS-2B cells, B(a)P strongly activated ELK-1, a transcription factor regulating serum response element (SRE) signaling, which was attenuated by carvedilol. Carvedilol also inhibited the B(a)P-induced AhR/xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) and mRNA expression of CYP1A1 and attenuated B(a)P-induced NF-κB activation. In a B(a)P-induced acute lung toxicity model in CD-1/IGS mice, pretreatment with carvedilol for 7 days before B(a)P exposure effectively inhibited the B(a)P-induced plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde, inflammatory cell infiltration and histopathologic abnormalities in the lung, and upregulated the expression of GADD45α, caspase-3 and COX-2 in the lung. In a B(a)P-induced lung carcinogenesis model in A/J mice, carvedilol treatment for 20 weeks did not affect body weight but significantly attenuated tumor multiplicity and volume. These data reveal a previously unexplored role of carvedilol in preventing B(a)P-induced lung inflammation and carcinogenesis by inhibiting the cross-talk of the oncogenic transcription factors ELK-1, AhR and NF-κB.
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20
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Considerations on the Kinetic Processes in the Preparation of Ternary Co-Amorphous Systems by Milling. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010172. [PMID: 36678800 PMCID: PMC9866880 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-strongly interacting co-amorphous systems, addition of a polymer, to further stabilize the co-amorphous systems, may influence the phase behavior between the components. In this study, the evolution of the composition of the amorphous phase in the ternary system carvedilol (CAR)-tryptophan (TRP)-hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) was investigated, based upon previously formed and characterized binary systems to which the third component was added (CAR - TRP + HPMC, CAR - HPMC + TRP and TRP - HPMC + CAR). Ball milling was used as the preparation method for all binary and ternary systems. The influence of the milling time on the co-amorphous systems was monitored by DSC and XRPD. Addition of HPMC reduced the miscibility of CAR with TRP due to hydrogen bond formation between CAR and polymer. These bonds became dominant for the interaction pattern. In addition, when CAR or TRP exceeded the miscibility limit in HPMC, phase separation and eventually crystallization of CAR and TRP was observed. All ternary co-amorphous systems eventually reached the same composition, albeit following different paths depending on the initially used binary system.
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21
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Lechuga-Islas VD, Trejo-Maldonado M, Anufriev I, Nischang I, Terzioğlu İ, Ulbrich J, Guerrero-Santos R, Elizalde-Herrera LE, Schubert US, Guerrero-Sánchez C. All-Aqueous, Surfactant-Free, and pH-Driven Nanoformulation Methods of Dual-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles and their Potential use as Nanocarriers of pH-Sensitive Drugs. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200262. [PMID: 36259557 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
All-aqueous, surfactant-free, and pH-driven nanoformulation methods to generate pH- and temperature-responsive polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are described. Copolymers comprising a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) backbone with a few units of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) are solubilized in acidic buffer (pH 2.0) to produce pH-sensitive NPs. Copolymers of different molar mass (2.3-11.5 kg mol-1 ) and DMAEMA composition (7.3-14.2 mol%) are evaluated using a "conventional" pH-driven nanoformulation method (i.e., adding an aqueous polymer solution (acidic buffer) into an aqueous non-solvent (basic buffer)) and a robotized method for pH adjustment of polymer dispersions. Dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential (ζ), and sedimentation-diffusion analyses suggest the formation of dual-responsive NPs of tunable size (from 20 to 110 nm) being stable for at least 28 days in the pH and temperature intervals from 2.0 to 6.0 and 25 to 50 °C, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic experiments show that these NPs can act as nanocarriers for the pH-sensitive dipyridamole drug, expanding its bioavailability and potential controlled release as a function of pH and temperature. These approaches offer alternative strategies to prepare stimuli-responsive NPs, avoiding the use of harmful solvents and complex purification steps, and improving the availability of biocompatible polymer nanoformulations for specific controlled release of pH-sensitive cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor D Lechuga-Islas
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanomaterials, Research Center of Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Enrique Reyna H. 140, Saltillo, 25294, Mexico
| | - Melisa Trejo-Maldonado
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanomaterials, Research Center of Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Enrique Reyna H. 140, Saltillo, 25294, Mexico
| | - Ilya Anufriev
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - İpek Terzioğlu
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupınar Blv. 1, Çankaya, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Jens Ulbrich
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ramiro Guerrero-Santos
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanomaterials, Research Center of Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Enrique Reyna H. 140, Saltillo, 25294, Mexico
| | - Luis E Elizalde-Herrera
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanomaterials, Research Center of Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Enrique Reyna H. 140, Saltillo, 25294, Mexico
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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22
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Smułek W, Kaczorek E. Factors Influencing the Bioavailability of Organic Molecules to Bacterial Cells-A Mini-Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196579. [PMID: 36235114 PMCID: PMC9570905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of organic compounds to bacterial cells is crucial for their vital activities. This includes both compounds that are desirable to the cells (e.g., sources of energy, carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients) and undesirable compounds that are toxic to the cells. For this reason, bioavailability is an issue of great importance in many areas of human activity that are related to bacteria, e.g., biotechnological production, bioremediation of organic pollutants, and the use of antibiotics. This article proposes a classification of factors determining bioavailability, dividing them into factors at the physicochemical level (i.e., those related to the solubility of a chemical compound and its transport in aqueous solution) and factors at the microbiological level (i.e., those related to adsorption on the cell surface and those related to transport into the cell). Awareness of the importance of and the mechanisms governing each of the factors described allows their use to change bioavailability in the desired direction.
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23
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Choi JE, Kim JS, Kim J, Choi MJ, Baek K, Kim JO, Choi HG, Jin SG. A novel acidic microenvironment microsphere for enhanced bioavailability of carvedilol: Comparison of solvent evaporated and surface-attached system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Kovačević M, German Ilić I, Bolko Seljak K, Zvonar Pobirk A. High-Shear Wet Granulation of SMEDDS Based on Mesoporous Carriers for Improved Carvedilol Solubility. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102077. [PMID: 36297512 PMCID: PMC9606924 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous carriers are a convenient choice for the solidification of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) designed to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. They are known for high liquid load capacity and the ability to maintain characteristics of dry, free-flowing powders. Therefore, five different mesoporous carriers were used for the preparation of carvedilol-loaded SMEDDS granules by wet granulation methods—in paten (manually) and using a high-shear (HS) granulator. Granules with the highest SMEDDS content (63% and 66% of total granules mass, respectively) and suitable flow properties were obtained by Syloid® 244FP and Neusilin® US2. SMEDDS loaded granules produced by HS granulation showed superior flow characteristics compared to those obtained manually. All SMEDDS granules exhibited fast in vitro release, with 93% of carvedilol releasing from Syloid® 244FP-based granules in 5 min. Upon compaction into self-microemulsifying tablets, suitable tablet hardness and very fast disintegration time were achieved, thus producing orodispersible tablets. The compaction slightly slowed down the carvedilol release rate; nevertheless, upon 1 h (at pH 1.2) or 4 h (at pH 6.8) of in vitro dissolution testing, the amount of released drug was comparable with granules, confirming the suitability of orodispersible tablets for the production of the SMEDDS loaded single unit oral dosage form.
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25
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Phan VHG, Mathiyalagan R, Nguyen MT, Tran TT, Murugesan M, Ho TN, Huong H, Yang DC, Li Y, Thambi T. Ionically cross-linked alginate-chitosan core-shell hydrogel beads for oral delivery of insulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:262-271. [PMID: 36150568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Here, core-shell hydrogel beads for oral insulin delivery at intestine was reported, which was a target site for insulin absorption. The core-shell hydrogel beads were prepared using naturally derived alginate and chitosan polysaccharides by simple dropping technique. In order to effectively control leakage of insulin from core-shell hydrogel beads, insulin was embedded into the layered double hydroxides (LDHs). LDH/insulin-loaded complexes were firstly coated with chitosan, and then coated with alginate to generate core-shell hydrogel beads. The biocompatibility and angiogenic response of core-shell hydrogel beads were evaluated by direct contact of the beads with chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, which indicates safety of the core-shell beads. The beads successfully retained the insulin within the core-shell structure at pH 1.2, indicating that insulin had a good protective effect in harsh acidic environments. Interestingly, insulin release starts at the simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) and continue to release for 24 h in a sustained manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Giang Phan
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh-Thu Nguyen
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tuyen Tran
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mohanapriya Murugesan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet-Nhung Ho
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ha Huong
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Li
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering & Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Fast-Fed Variability: Insights into Drug Delivery, Molecular Manifestations, and Regulatory Aspects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091807. [PMID: 36145555 PMCID: PMC9505616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various drug administration routes, oral drug delivery is preferred and is considered patient-friendly; hence, most of the marketed drugs are available as conventional tablets or capsules. In such cases, the administration of drugs with or without food has tremendous importance on the bioavailability of the drugs. The presence of food may increase (positive effect) or decrease (negative effect) the bioavailability of the drug. Such a positive or negative effect is undesirable since it makes dosage estimation difficult in several diseases. This may lead to an increased propensity for adverse effects of drugs when a positive food effect is perceived. However, a negative food effect may lead to therapeutic insufficiency for patients suffering from life-threatening disorders. This review emphasizes the causes of food effects, formulation strategies to overcome the fast-fed variability, and the regulatory aspects of drugs with food effects, which may open new avenues for researchers to design products that may help to eliminate fast-fed variability.
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27
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Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and protective effects of a novel water-soluble tetrahydrocurcumin-diglutaric acid prodrug on ethanol-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00576-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Katekar R, Sen S, Riyazuddin M, Husain A, Garg R, Verma S, Mitra K, Gayen JR. Augmented experimental design for bioavailability enhancement: a robust formulation of abiraterone acetate. J Liposome Res 2022; 33:65-76. [PMID: 35521749 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2069811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate (ABRTA) is clinically beneficial in management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PC-3). With highlighted low solubility and permeability, orally hampered treatment of ABRTA necessitate high dose to achieve therapeutic efficacy. To triumph these challenges, we aimed to develop intestinal lymphatic transport facilitating lipid-based delivery to enhance bioavailability. ABRTA-containing self-nano emulsified drug delivery (ABRTA-SNEDDS) was statistically optimized by D-optimal design using design expert. Optimized formulation was characterized for particle size, thermodynamic stability, in vitro release, in vivo bioavailability, intestinal lymphatic transport, in vitro cytotoxic effect, anti-metastatic activity, and apoptosis study. Moreover, hemolysis and histopathology studies have been performed to assess pre-clinical safety. Nano-sized particles and successful saturated drug loading were obtained for optimized formulation. In vitro release upto 98.61 ± 3.20% reveal effective release of formulation at intestinal pH 6.8. ABRTA-SNEDDS formulation shows enhanced in vivo exposure of Abiraterone (2.5-fold) than ABRTA suspension in Sprague-Dawley rats. In vitro efficacy in PC-3 cell line indicates 3.69-fold higher therapeutic potential of nano drug delivery system. Hemolysis and histopathology study indicates no significant toxicities to red blood cells and tissues, respectively. Apparently, an opportunistic strategy to increasing bioavailability of ABRTA via intestinal lymphatic transport will create a viable platform in rapidly evolving chemotherapy. Enhanced translational utility of delivery was also supported through in vitro therapeutic efficacy and safety assessments. HighlightsAbiraterone acetate is a prostate cancer drug, impeded with low bioavailability.ABRTA loaded in self nano emulsifying drug delivery enhanced its bioavailability.Intestinal lymphatic transport played role in enhanced bioavailability of ABRTA.ABRTA-SNEDDS enhanced in vitro cytotoxic activity of ABRTA.ABRTA-SNEDDS found safe in preclinical safety evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sumati Sen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Sophisticated Analytical Instrumental Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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29
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Patel RK, Jonnalagadda S, Gupta PK. Use of Flory-Huggins Interaction Parameter and Contact Angle Values to Predict the Suitability of the Drug-Polymer System for the Production and Stability of Nanosuspensions. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1001-1017. [PMID: 35505262 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Use of Flory-Huggins interaction parameter and contact angle values to predict the suitability of the drug-polymer system for the production and stability of nanosuspensions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Melting point depression of the drug was measured using differential scanning calorimetry. Interaction parameter, χ, was calculated using the melting point depression data to elucidate the drug-polymer interaction strength to predict the suitability of the drug-polymer system for the production and stability of nanosuspensions. Contact angle of the drug films were measured with purified water and 0.1%w/w polymer solutions to predict polymer's suitability for the production and stability of nanosuspension. Nanosuspensions were manufactured to validate the application of the melting point depression approach along with surface property information. RESULTS All three polymers, HPMC, Soluplus®, and poloxamer exhibited a negative interaction parameter with naproxen and budesonide. Higher negative interaction parameter values for the naproxen-polymer system indicated stronger drug-polymer interactions, while smaller negative interaction parameter values for the budesonide-polymer system indicated weaker drug-polymer interactions. Interaction parameter was not obtained for fenofibrate with HPMC and Soluplus®, and similarly, no interaction parameter was obtained for carvedilol with HPMC, most likely due to weaker drug-polymer interactions. All three polymers provided lower equilibrium contact angle values when compared to purified water, indicating an affinity for polymers. CONCLUSIONS Successful production and stability of several nanosuspensions were correlated with Flory-Huggins's interaction parameter and contact angle values. In the absence of melting point depression, contact angle values can also be used predict the agglomeration tendencies as we have shown for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Patel
- University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 S 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | | | - Pardeep K Gupta
- University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 S 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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30
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Herzberg M, Larsen AS, Hassenkam T, Madsen AØ, Rantanen J. Effect of pH on the Surface Layer of Molecular Crystals at the Solid-Liquid Interface. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1598-1603. [PMID: 35451842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution of solid matter into aqueous solution is one of the most challenging physicochemical aspects related to drug development. While influenced by several parameters, the effect of pH remains the most important one to be fully understood. The dissolution process is essentially controlled by activity at the surface of the molecular crystals, which is difficult to characterize experimentally. To address this, a combination of in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is reported. AFM allows for direct visualization of the crystal surface of basic and acidic model compounds (carvedilol and ibuprofen) in contact with an aqueous medium with varying pH. A dramatic increase in surface mobility in the solid-liquid interface could be observed experimentally as a function of pH. The in situ AFM approach opens up for a more detailed understanding of the behavior of particulate matter in solution with importance at different levels, ranging from engineering aspects related to crystallization, and biological considerations related to bioavailability of the final drug product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Herzberg
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders S Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue Hassenkam
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Ø Madsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Wang Y, Rades T, Grohganz H. Effects of polymer addition on the non-strongly interacting binary co-amorphous system carvedilol-tryptophan. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Demir D, Uğurlu MA, Ceylan S, Sakım B, Genç R, Bölgen N. Assessment of Chitosan‐Gum Tragacanth Cryogels For Tissue Engineering Applications. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Demir
- Mersin University, Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department Mersin Turkey
| | - Müge Aşık Uğurlu
- Mersin University, Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department Mersin Turkey
| | - Seda Ceylan
- Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Engineering Faculty, Bioengineering Department Adana Turkey
| | - Burcu Sakım
- Mersin University, Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department Mersin Turkey
| | - Rükan Genç
- Mersin University, Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department Mersin Turkey
| | - Nimet Bölgen
- Mersin University, Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department Mersin Turkey
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33
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Narala S, Nyavanandi D, Alzahrani A, Bandari S, Zhang F, Repka MA. Creation of Hydrochlorothiazide Pharmaceutical Cocrystals Via Hot-Melt Extrusion for Enhanced Solubility and Permeability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:56. [PMID: 35043282 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystal engineering is an emerging tool for altering the physicochemical properties of drug candidates. The objective of the current investigation was to develop cocrystals of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) with coformers such as nicotinamide (NIC), resorcinol (RSL), and catechol (CAT) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology. The liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) method was used to prepare cocrystals by grinding the drug and coformer in a definite molar ratio as a reference and to check the feasibility of cocrystal formation. Cocrystals were prepared using HME and evaluated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy and compared with LAG cocrystals. Barrel temperature was the critical process parameter for producing high-quality cocrystals in HME. All cocrystals exhibited improved solubility compared to the native drug, and HCT-NIC cocrystals showed a two-fold increase in solubility. Similarly, HCT-RSL and HCT-CAT showed higher solubility profiles and improved diffusion/permeability characteristics compared to that of the pure HCT due to the drug-coformer interactions in the cocrystals. In this study, the solubility of the coformer was the key factor determining cocrystal solubilization. However, hot-melt extrusion is an alternative technology for creating pharmaceutical cocrystals and has potential for industrial scale-up.
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34
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pH-Dependent supersaturation from amorphous solid dispersions of weakly basic drugs. Pharm Res 2021; 39:2919-2936. [PMID: 34890018 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), the chemical potential of a drug can be reduced due to mixing with the polymer in the solid matrix, and this can lead to reduced drug release when the polymer is insoluble in the dissolution media. If both the drug and the polymer composing an ASD are ionizable, drug release from the ASD becomes pH-dependent. The goal of this study was to gain insights into the pH-dependent solubility suppression from ASD formulations. METHODS The maximum release of clotrimazole, a weakly basic drug, from ASDs formulated with insoluble and pH-responsive polymers, was determined as a function of solution pH. Drug-polymer interactions in ASDs were probed using melting point depression, moisture sorption, and solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR) measurements. RESULTS The extent of solubility suppression was dependent on polymer type and drug loading. The strength of drug-polymer interactions was found to correlate well with the degree of solubility suppression. For the same ASD, the degree of solubility suppression was nearly constant across the solution pH range studied, suggesting that polymer-drug interactions in residual ASD solids was independent of solution pH. The total drug release agrees with the Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship if the suppressed amorphous solubility of the free drug is independent of solution pH. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of solubility suppression at different solution pHs appeared to be drug-polymer interactions in the solid-state, where the concentration of the free drug remains the same at variable pHs and the total drug concentration follows the Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship.
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35
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36
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Alghaith AF, Mahrous GM, Alqahtani AS, Nasr FA, Alotaibi TS, Radwan AA. Enhancement of the dissolution and in-vitro activity of a new antineoplastic agent. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 27:134-144. [PMID: 34806524 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.2008966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The cell-surface molecule CD44 plays a major role in the regulation of cancer stem cells. The CD44 inhibitor compound N'-(1-dimethylaminomethyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-(benzyloxy)benzohydrazide (OYB), anticancer agent is practically insoluble in water. Hence, the solid dispersion (SD) technique was used for enhancing the dissolution of OYB. The SD of OYB was achieved using OYB:poloxamer 188 (1:7) via the fusion method. The anticancer activities of the free-OYB solution and the SD formulation (OYB-SD) were investigated in-vitro. The dissolution rate of OYB-SD (1:7) increased by two-fold compared with the untreated drug (51.52% to 100% at pH 1.2 and 8.25% to 19.15% at pH 7 buffer). In addition, OYB-SD afforded 3 folds cytotoxic effect, against LoVo cells, compared to the untreated compound (IC50 4.72 ± 0.57 µg/ml and 13.97 ± 0.90 µg/ml respectively) and against HepG2 (∼3-fold) (4.98 ± 0.368 µg/ml and 13.85 ± 1.82 µg/ml respectively) and MCF-7 (1.4-fold) cells (15.20 ± 0.20 µg/ml and 21.12 ± 0.51 µg/ml respectively), and enhanced the apoptotic potential in LoVo cells compared with free-OYB. The improved cytotoxic activity of the drug might be attributable to the enhanced dissolution of OYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel F Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal M Mahrous
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Nasr
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Awwad A Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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37
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Yadav M, Sarolia J, Vyas B, Lalan M, Mangrulkar S, Shah P. Amalgamation of Solid Dispersion and Melt Adsorption Technique: Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Ticagrelor Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:257. [PMID: 34676463 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticagrelor (TG) suffers from low peroral bioabsorption (36%) due to P-gp efflux and poor solubility (10 µg/mL). TG solid dispersion adsorbates (TG-SDAs) were formulated using an amalgamation of solid dispersion and melt adsorption techniques which were simple, economic, scalable, and solvent-free. FTIR indicated no incompatibility between drug and excipients. DSC, XRD, and SEM suggested a reduction in TG crystallinity. Q30min from TG-SUSP and TG-conventional tablets was only 2.30% and 6.59% respectively whereas TG-SDA-based tablets exhibited a significantly higher drug release of 86.47%. Caco-2 permeability studies showed 3.83-fold higher permeability of TG from TG-SDAs. TG-SDA-based tablets exhibited relative bioavailability of 748.53% and 153.43% compared to TG-SUSP and TG-conventional tablets respectively in rats. TG-SDA-based tablets were devoid of any cytotoxicity as indicated by MTT assay and exhibited better antiplatelet activity in rats. Enhanced oral bioavailability of TG-SDAs can be attributed to inhibition of P-gp efflux by PEG 4000, increased wettability, and reduced crystallinity of drug leading to improved drug solubility and dissolution. Improved bioabsorption results in a reduction of dose, cost of therapy as well as dose-related side effects. Thus, SDAs can be considered a promising and scalable approach for the improvement of dissolution rate and solubility of TG. TG-SDAs can be translated to an effective and safe dosage form, whereby its rapid onset of action promotes the prevention of heart attack, stroke, and related ill events in individuals with the acute coronary syndrome. However, scale-up, validation, and clinical-studies are necessary for confirmation of the proof-of-concept.
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38
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Rigaud S, Mathiron D, Moufawad T, Landy D, Djedaini-Pilard F, Marçon F. Cyclodextrin Complexation as a Way of Increasing the Aqueous Solubility and Stability of Carvedilol. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1746. [PMID: 34834163 PMCID: PMC8620534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of several CDs on carvedilol's solubility and chemical stability in various aqueous media. Our present results show that it is possible to achieve a carvedilol concentration of 5 mg/mL (12.3 mM) in the presence of 5 eq of γCD or RAMEB in an aqueous medium with an acceptable acid pH (between 3.5 and 4.7). Carvedilol formed 1:1 inclusion complexes but those with RAMEB appear to be stronger (K = 317 M-1 at 298 K) than that with γCD (K = 225 M-1 at 298 K). The complexation of carvedilol by RAMEB significantly increased the drug's photochemical stability in aqueous solution. These results might constitute a first step towards the development of a novel oral formulation of carvedilol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Rigaud
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources UMR 7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France;
| | - David Mathiron
- Plateforme-Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France;
| | - Tarek Moufawad
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, UR 4492), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France; (T.M.); (D.L.)
| | - David Landy
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, UR 4492), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France; (T.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Florence Djedaini-Pilard
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources UMR 7378 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France;
| | - Frédéric Marçon
- Laboratoire AGIR UR4294, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80039 Amiens, France;
- Pharmacie à Usage Intérieur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Amiens-Picardie, 1 Rue du Professeur Christian Cabrol, F-80054 Amiens, France
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39
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Vertzoni M, Alsenz J, Augustijns P, Bauer-Brandl A, Bergström C, Brouwers J, Müllerz A, Perlovich G, Saal C, Sugano K, Reppas C. UNGAP best practice for improving solubility data quality of orally administered drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106043. [PMID: 34662708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An important goal of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action UNGAP (UNderstanding Gastrointestinal Absorption-related Processes, www.ungap.eu) is to improve standardization of methods relating to the study of oral drug absorption. Solubility is a general term that refers to the maximum achievable concentration of a compound dissolved in a liquid medium. For orally administered drugs, relevant information on drug properties is crucial during drug (product) development and at the regulatory level. Collection of reliable and reproducible solubility data requires careful application and understanding of the limitations of the selected experimental method. In addition, the purity of a compound and its solid state form, as well as experimental parameters such as temperature of experimentation, media related factors, and sample handling procedures can affect data quality. In this paper, an international consensus developed by the COST UNGAP network on recommendations for collecting high quality solubility data for the development of orally administered drugs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vertzoni
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Zografou, Greece
| | - J Alsenz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Augustijns
- KU Leuven, Drug Delivery and Disposition, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Bauer-Brandl
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cas Bergström
- Uppsala University, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Brouwers
- KU Leuven, Drug Delivery and Disposition, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Müllerz
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Perlovich
- The Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Solution Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - C Saal
- Merck KGaA, Analytics Healthcare, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Sugano
- Ritsumeikan University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - C Reppas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Zografou, Greece.
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40
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Riaz S, Jaffar K, Perveen M, Riaz A, Nazir S, Iqbal J. Computational study of therapeutic potential of phosphorene as a nano-carrier for drug delivery of nebivolol for the prohibition of cardiovascular diseases: a DFT study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:306. [PMID: 34590181 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to assess the drug delivery efficiency of phosphorene carrier for nebivolol drug to treat cardiovascular diseases. The optimized structures, excited state, and electronic properties of nebivolol, phosphorene, and nebivolol-phosphorene (nebivolol-PH) complex were considered to determine the drug delivery ability of phosphorene at the target site. The increased dipole moment (6.08 D) results in the higher solubility of the complex in polar solvents (water). Weak interactive forces between nebivolol and phosphorene were demonstrated by the non-covalent interaction (NCI) plot that facilitated the offloading of nebivolol at the targeted area. The analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) revealed that during excitation, the charge was transferred from nebivolol as a higher occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to phosphorene as a lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Thus, the charge-transfer process was further studied by charge decomposition analysis (CDA). The calculated results at the excited state for the nebivolol-PH complex exhibited that the maximum wavelength (λmax) was red-shifted by 6 nm in the gas phase. The electron-hole theory and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) processes were carried out for the exploration of different excited states of the complex. Additionally, phosphorene with + 1 and - 1 charge states indicated the minor structural changes and provide the stable nebivolol-PH complex. This theoretical study also investigated that phosphorene can be exploited as an effective carrier for the delivery of a therapeutic agent as nebivolol to treat cardiovascular diseases. This work will also encourage the researchers to investigate the other 2D nanoparticles as a nano-drug delivery system (NDDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Jaffar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mehvish Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Sidra Nazir
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- Punjab Bio-Energy Institute, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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41
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Salehi N, Kuminek G, Al-Gousous J, Sperry DC, Greenwood DE, Waltz NM, Amidon GL, Ziff RM, Amidon GE. Improving Dissolution Behavior and Oral Absorption of Drugs with pH-Dependent Solubility Using pH Modifiers: A Physiologically Realistic Mass Transport Analysis. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3326-3341. [PMID: 34428047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Orally dosed drugs must dissolve in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before being absorbed through the epithelial cell membrane. In vivo drug dissolution depends on the GI tract's physiological conditions such as pH, residence time, luminal buffers, intestinal motility, and transit and drug properties under fed and fasting conditions (Paixão, P. et al. Mol. Pharm. 2018 and Bermejo, et al. M. Mol. Pharm. 2018). The dissolution of an ionizable drug may benefit from manipulating in vivo variables such as the environmental pH using pH-modifying agents incorporated into the dosage form. A successful example is the use of such agents for dissolution enhancement of BCS class IIb (high-permeability, low-solubility, and weak base) drugs under high gastric pH due to the disease conditions or by co-administration of acid-reducing agents (i.e., proton pump inhibitors, H2-antagonists, and antacids). This study provides a rational approach for selecting pH modifiers to improve monobasic and dibasic drug compounds' dissolution rate and extent under high-gastric pH dissolution conditions, since the oral absorption of BCS class II drugs can be limited by either the solubility or the dissolution rate depending on the initial dose number. Betaine chloride, fumaric acid, and tartaric acid are examples of promising pH modifiers that can be included in oral dosage forms to enhance the rate and extent of monobasic and dibasic drug formulations. However, selection of a suitable pH modifier is dependent on the drug properties (e.g., solubility and pKa) and its interplay with the pH modifier pKa or pKas. As an example of this complex interaction, for basic drugs with high pKa and intrinsic solubility values and large doses, a polyprotic pH modifier can be expected to outperform a monoacid pH modifier. We have developed a hierarchical mass transport model to predict drug dissolution of formulations under varying pH conditions including high gastric pH. This model considers the effect of physical and chemical properties of the drug and pH modifiers such as pKa, solubility, and particle size distribution. This model also considers the impact of physiological conditions such as stomach emptying rate, stomach acid and buffer secretion, residence time in the GI tract, and aqueous luminal volume on drug dissolution. The predictions from this model are directly applicable to in vitro multi-compartment dissolution vessels and are validated by in vitro experiments in the gastrointestinal simulator. This model's predictions can serve as a potential data source to predict plasma concentrations for formulations containing pH modifiers administered under the high-gastric pH conditions. This analysis provides an improved formulation design procedure using pH modifiers by minimizing the experimental iterations under both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Salehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gislaine Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - David C Sperry
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Dale E Greenwood
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Nicholas M Waltz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert M Ziff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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42
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Hamed R, Seder BY, Bardaweel SK, Qawass H. Lipid-based formulations of microemulsion-loaded oleogels for the oral delivery of carvedilol. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1964987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Yaser Seder
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K. Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Qawass
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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43
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Na JY, Jeon I, Yoon J, Choi Y, Yoon SH, Yu KS, Chung JY. Influence of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms on the Pharmacokinetics of Omeprazole in Elderly Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10:1469-1477. [PMID: 34337876 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Omeprazole blocks the gastric H+ /K+ adenosine triphosphatase, thus inhibiting gastric acid secretion, and is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19. Due to the physiological changes in the elderly, there are different pharmacokinetic consequences compared to young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of omeprazole in 15 elderly participants according to the CYP2C19 genotype. The concentration-time profiles of omeprazole and its metabolites, 5-hydroxy (5-OH) omeprazole and omeprazole sulfone, were similar between the CYP2C19 extensive metabolizer (EM) and intermediate metabolizer groups. In contrast, when comparing the EM group and CYP2C19 poor metabolizer (PM) group, the EM/PM geometric mean ratio (95% confidence interval) of area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time of dosing to the last measurable concentration was 0.52 (0.27-1.01) and that of the IM group was 0.71 (0.32-1.59), indicating that the exposure of omeprazole in the PM group was increased. The exposure of 5-OH omeprazole was significantly decreased in the PM group when compared to the EM group, with an EM/PM geometric mean ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.20 (1.50-3.22). In conclusion, the tendency of drug exposure according to the CYP2C19 genotype in the elderly and young adults was similar in that the exposure level was highest in the PM group. However, when compared to young adults, the difference between the genotype groups was smaller in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Na
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseung Jeon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangsoo Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Choi
- Genosco Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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44
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Sip S, Paczkowska-Walendowska M, Rosiak N, Miklaszewski A, Grabańska-Martyńska K, Samarzewska K, Cielecka-Piontek J. Chitosan as Valuable Excipient for Oral and Topical Carvedilol Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080712. [PMID: 34451809 PMCID: PMC8401298 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a valued excipient due to its biocompatibility properties and increasing solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. The research presented in this paper concerns the preparation of binary combinations of chitosan (deacetylated chitin) with carvedilol (beta-blocker) to develop a formulation with a modified carvedilol release profile. As part of the research, six physical mixtures of chitosan with carvedilol were obtained and identified by spectral (PXRD, FT-IR, and Raman), thermal (DSC), and microscopic (SEM) methods. The next stage of the research estimated the profile changes and the dissolution rate for carvedilol in the obtained drug delivery systems; the reference sample was pure carvedilol. The studies were conducted at pH = 1.2 and 6.8, simulating the gastrointestinal tract conditions. Quantitative changes of carvedilol were determined using the developed isocratic UHPLC-DAD method. Established apparent permeability coefficients proved the changes in carvedilol's permeability after introducing a drug delivery system through membranes simulating the gastrointestinal tract and skin walls. A bioadhesive potential of carvedilol-chitosan systems was confirmed using the in vitro model. The conducted research and the obtained results indicate a significant potential of using chitosan as an excipient in modern oral or epidermal drug delivery systems of carvedilol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Sip
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (S.S.); (M.P.-W.); (N.R.)
| | - Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (S.S.); (M.P.-W.); (N.R.)
| | - Natalia Rosiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (S.S.); (M.P.-W.); (N.R.)
| | - Andrzej Miklaszewski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Karolina Samarzewska
- Department of Clinical Auxiology and Pediatric Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 Street, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (S.S.); (M.P.-W.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence:
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45
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Sharma S, Prasad B. Meta-Analysis of Food Effect on Oral Absorption of Efflux Transporter Substrate Drugs: Does Delayed Gastric Emptying Influence Drug Transport Kinetics? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1035. [PMID: 34371727 PMCID: PMC8309017 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral route of drug administration is the most convenient method of drug delivery, but it is associated with variable bioavailability. Food is one of the major factors that affect oral drug absorption by influencing drug properties (e.g., solubility and dissolution rate) and physiological factors (e.g., metabolism and transport across the gastrointestinal tract). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of food on the high-affinity intestinal efflux transporter substrate drugs. We hypothesized that transport efficiency is higher in the fed state as compared to the fasted state because of the lower intestinal lumen drug concentration due to prolonged gastric emptying time. A systematic analysis of reported clinical food-effect (FE) studies on 311 drugs was performed and the association of the efflux transport efficiency was investigated on the FE magnitude, i.e., changes in maximal plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time profile curve for both solubility and permeability-limited drugs. In total, 124 and 88 drugs showed positive and negative FE, respectively, whereas 99 showed no FE. As expected, the solubility-limited drugs showed positive FE, but interestingly, drugs with a high potential for efflux transport, were associated with negative FE. Moreover, a high-fat diet was associated with a higher magnitude of negative FE for high-affinity efflux transporter substrates as compared to a low-fat diet. To account for changes in drug absorption after food intake, the prolonged gastric emptying time should be considered in the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of orally absorbed efflux transporter substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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46
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Development of an Age-Appropriate Mini Orally Disintegrating Carvedilol Tablet with Paediatric Biopharmaceutical Considerations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060831. [PMID: 34204941 PMCID: PMC8227311 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to considerable differences observed in anatomy and physiology between paediatric subsets, it has been well established that children respond to drugs differently compared to adults. Furthermore, from a formulation perspective, there is a distinct challenge to develop a dosage form that is capable of safely, accurately, and reliably delivering the dose across the whole paediatric population. Orally disintegrating mini-tablets (ODMT) have widely been considered as an age-appropriate formulation option that possess the ability for adequate dose flexibility, avoids swallowing difficulties, and exhibits superior stability due to its solid state. Within this study, two strengths (0.5 mg and 2 mg) of carvedilol ODMT formulations were developed using an excipient composition and load that is appropriate for paediatric use. The formulations demonstrated adequate mechanical strength (>20 N) and fast disintegration times (<30 s). Dissolution profiles observed were robust and comparable to the marketed conventional tablet formulation across various parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in both the fed and fasted state, signifying appropriate efficacy, quality, and performance. As such, the formulations developed in this study show potential to address the need of an 'age-appropriate' formulation of carvedilol, as highlighted by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Inventory of the Needs for Paediatric Medicine.
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47
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Barajas-Álvarez P, González-Ávila M, Espinosa-Andrews H. Recent Advances in Probiotic Encapsulation to Improve Viability under Storage and Gastrointestinal Conditions and Their Impact on Functional Food Formulation. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1928691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Barajas-Álvarez
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marisela González-Ávila
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hugo Espinosa-Andrews
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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48
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Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Water Interaction with Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels: Role of Ionic Strength, pH, Drug Loading and Hydrogel Network Characteristics. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050574. [PMID: 34069533 PMCID: PMC8161260 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Water plays a primary role in the functionality of biomedical polymers such as hydrogels. The state of water, defined as bound, intermediate, or free, and its molecular organization within hydrogels is an important factor governing biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. Here, we present a systematic study of water states in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels designed for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. We demonstrate that increasing ionic strength of the swelling media correlated with the proportion of non-freezable bound water. We attribute this to the capability of ions to create ion–dipole bonds with both the polymer and water, thereby reinforcing the first layer of polymer hydration. Both pH and ionic strength impacted the mesh size, having potential implications for drug delivery applications. The mechanical properties of GelMA hydrogels were largely unaffected by variations in ionic strength or pH. Loading of cefazolin, a small polar antibiotic molecule, led to a dose-dependent increase of non-freezable bound water, attributed to the drug’s capacity to form hydrogen bonds with water, which helped recruit water molecules in the hydrogels’ first hydration layer. This work enables a deeper understanding of water states and molecular arrangement at the hydrogel–polymer interface and how environmental cues influence them.
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49
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Porat D, Vaynshtein J, Gibori R, Avramoff O, Shaked G, Dukhno O, Czeiger D, Sebbag G, Dahan A. Stomach pH before vs. after different bariatric surgery procedures: Clinical implications for drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:152-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Hamed R, Kamal A. Strength-Dependent and Strength-Independent Dissolution Patterns of Poorly-Soluble Drugs. Case Example: Valsartan. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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