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Niedecker RW, Delaney JA, Doyle MF, Sparks AD, Sitlani CM, Buzkova P, Zeb I, Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Budoff MJ, Olson NC. Investigating peripheral blood monocyte and T-cell subsets as non-invasive biomarkers for asymptomatic hepatic steatosis: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1243526. [PMID: 38596669 PMCID: PMC11002077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1243526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating immune cells have gained interest as biomarkers of hepatic steatosis. Data on the relationships between immune cell subsets and early-stage steatosis in population-based cohorts are limited. Methods This study included 1,944 asymptomatic participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with immune cell phenotyping and computed tomography measures of liver fat. Participants with heavy alcohol use were excluded. A liver-to-spleen ratio Hounsfield units (HU) <1.0 and liver attenuation <40 HU were used to diagnose liver fat presence and >30% liver fat content, respectively. Logistic regression estimated cross-sectional associations of immune cell subsets with liver fat parameters adjusted for risk factors. We hypothesized that higher proportions of non-classical monocytes, Th1, Th17, and memory CD4+ T cells, and lower proportions of classical monocytes and naive CD4+ T cells, were associated with liver fat. Exploratory analyses evaluated additional immune cell phenotypes (n = 19). Results None of the hypothesized cells were associated with presence of liver fat. Higher memory CD4+ T cells were associated with >30% liver fat content, but this was not significant after correction for multiple hypothesis testing (odds ratio (OR): 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.66). In exploratory analyses unadjusted for multiple testing, higher proportions of CD8+CD57+ T cells were associated with liver fat presence (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.44) and >30% liver fat content (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.69). Conclusions Higher circulating memory CD4+ T cells may reflect liver fat severity. CD8+CD57+ cells were associated with liver fat presence and severity, but replication of findings is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys W. Niedecker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Joseph A. Delaney
- General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Andrew D. Sparks
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Irfan Zeb
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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Vivek S, Crimmins EM, Prizment AE, Meier HCS, Ramasubramanian R, Barcelo H, Faul J, Thyagarajan B. Age-related Differences in T-cell Subsets and Markers of Subclinical Inflammation in Aging Are Independently Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in the Health and Retirement Study. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:594-602.e6. [PMID: 37269981 PMCID: PMC10592537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age-related changes in adaptive immunity and subclinical inflammation are both important risk factors for diabetes in older adults. We evaluated the independent association between T-cell subsets, subclinical inflammation, and diabetes risk in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). METHODS We measured 11 T-cell subsets, 5 pro-inflammatory markers, and 2 anti-inflammatory markers from the 2016 wave of the HRS (baseline). Diabetes/prediabetes status was estimated at the 2016, 2018, and 2020 waves of HRS, based on levels of blood glucose/glycated hemoglobin in plasma or self-reported status. We used survey generalized logit models to evaluate the cross-sectional associations and Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate longitudinal associations. RESULTS Among 8,540 participants (56 to 107 years of age), 27.6% had prevalent type 2 diabetes and 31.1% had prediabetes in the 2016 survey. After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, obesity, smoking, comorbidity index, and cytomegalovirus seropositivity, individuals with type 2 diabetes had lower naive T cells and higher memory and terminal effector T cells as compared with normoglycemic individuals. Among 3,230 normoglycemic participants in the 2016 survey, the incidence of diabetes was 1.8% over 4 years of follow-up. The baseline percentage of CD4+ effector memory T cells was associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR]=0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49 to 0.80, p=0.0003) after adjustment for covariates. Baseline level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was associated with risk of incident diabetes (HR=1.52, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.97, p=0.002). The associations between age-related changes in CD4+ effector memory T cells and risk of incident diabetes remained unchanged after adjustment for subclinical inflammation, although adjusting for CD4+ effector memory T cells nullified the association between IL-6 and incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the baseline percentage of CD4+ effector memory T cells was inversely associated with incident diabetes independent of subclinical inflammation, but CD4+ effector memory T-cell subsets affected the relationship between IL-6 and incident diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm and investigate mechanisms by which T-cell immunity affects diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara Vivek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Helen C S Meier
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Ramya Ramasubramanian
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Helene Barcelo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jessica Faul
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.
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Chen B, Dong L, Zhang J, Hao Y, Chi W, Song D. Exploring shared pathways and the shared biomarker ERRFI1 in Obstructive sleep apnoea and atherosclerosis using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15103. [PMID: 37699925 PMCID: PMC10497545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an upper airway disorder occurring during sleep and is associated with atherosclerosis (AS). AS is a cardiovascular disease caused by environmental and genetic factors, with a high global mortality rate. This study investigated common pathways and potential biomarkers of OSA and AS. Microarray data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the OSA and AS datasets. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the co-expression modules of OSA and AS. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operators (LASSO) were used to determine critical biomarkers. Immune cell infiltration analysis was used to investigate the correlation between immune cell infiltration and common biomarkers of OSA and AS. Results revealed that differentially expressed genes may be involved in inflammatory processes, chemokine signaling pathways, and molecular changes in cell adhesion. ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1) was the best-shared biomarker for OSA and AS. Immune infiltration analysis showed that ERRFI1 expression was correlated with immune cell changes. Changes in immune pathways, inflammatory processes, and cell adhesion molecules may underlie the pathogenesis of both diseases, and ERRFI1 may be a potential diagnostic marker for patients with OSA and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Chen
- Clinical Biobank, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liping Dong
- Clinical Biobank, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jihua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Clinical Biobank, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiwei Chi
- Clinical Biobank, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongmei Song
- Clinical Biobank, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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What's the role of thymus in diabetes mellitus? Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109765. [PMID: 36702074 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered as an autoimmune inflammatory and age-related disease. As an important immune organ, the thymus is involved in the immune response and inflammatory response process. Therefore, there may be a link between changes in thymus function and diabetes. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that thymus dysfunction due to aging and other reasons leads to changes in the generation of various inflammatory-immune cells and inflammatory cytokines that regulate insulin resistance, and then participates in the development of diabetes and its complications. Therefore, thymus may be a key factor in diabetes and complications, and it may be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the thymus function for patients with diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss recent advances in the influence of thymus function on diabetes, especially its potential mechanisms.
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Olson NC, Doyle MF, Buzkova P, Huber SA, de Boer IH, Sitlani CM, Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Mukamal KJ, Delaney JA. Circulating differentiated and senescent lymphocyte subsets and incident diabetes risk in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 6:e384. [PMID: 36333945 PMCID: PMC9836256 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular senescence is a feature of aging implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether senescent lymphocytes are associated with the future occurrence of DM is uncertain. METHODS We used cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from 1860 Cardiovascular Health Study participants (average age 80.2 years) and flow cytometry immunophenotyping to evaluate the longitudinal relationships of naive (CD45RA+ ), memory (CD45RO+ ), senescent (CD28- ), and T effector memory RA+ (TEMRA) (CD28- CD57+ CD45RA+ ) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and memory B cells (CD19+ CD27+ ), with the risk of incident DM. In exploratory analyses we evaluated the relationships of 13 additional innate lymphocyte and CD4+ and CD8+ subsets with incident DM risk. RESULTS Over a median follow-up time of 8.9 years, 155 cases of incident DM occurred. In Cox models adjusted for demographic variables (age, sex, race, study site and flow cytometry analytical batch) or diabetes risk factors (demographic variables plus education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use and physical activity), no significant associations were observed for any CD4+ , CD8+ or CD19+ cell phenotypes with incident DM. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the frequencies of naive, memory and senescent T cells and memory B cells are not strongly associated with incident DM risk in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Washington School of Public HealthSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Ian H. de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Kidney Research InstituteUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA,Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Departments of Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Sinha A, Sitlani CM, Doyle MF, Fohner AE, Buzkova P, Floyd JS, Huber SA, Olson NC, Njoroge JN, Kizer JR, Delaney JA, Shah SS, Tracy RP, Psaty B, Feinstein M. Association of immune cell subsets with incident heart failure in two population-based cohorts. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:4177-4188. [PMID: 36097332 PMCID: PMC9773780 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Circulating inflammatory markers are associated with incident heart failure (HF), but prospective data on associations of immune cell subsets with incident HF are lacking. We determined the associations of immune cell subsets with incident HF as well as HF subtypes [with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)]. METHODS AND RESULTS Peripheral blood immune cell subsets were measured in adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics, HF risk factors, and cytomegalovirus serostatus were used to evaluate the association of the immune cell subsets with incident HF. The average age of the MESA cohort at the time of immune cell measurements was 63.0 ± 10.4 years with 51% women, and in the CHS cohort, it was 79.6 ± 4.4 years with 62% women. In the meta-analysis of CHS and MESA, a higher proportion of CD4+ T helper (Th) 1 cells (per one standard deviation) was associated with a lower risk of incident HF [hazard ratio (HR) 0.91, (95% CI 0.83-0.99), P = 0.03]. Specifically, higher proportion of CD4+ Th1 cells was significantly associated with a lower risk of HFrEF [HR 0.73, (95% CI 0.62-0.85), <0.001] after correction for multiple testing. No association was observed with HFpEF. No other cell subsets were associated with incident HF. CONCLUSIONS We observed that higher proportions of CD4+ Th1 cells were associated with a lower risk of incident HFrEF in two distinct population-based cohorts, with similar effect sizes in both cohorts demonstrating replicability. Although unexpected, the consistency of this finding across cohorts merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | | | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - James S. Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Joyce N. Njoroge
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Joseph A. Delaney
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,College of PharmacyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Sanjiv S. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA,Department of Biochemistry, Robert Larner M.D. College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,Department of Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Matthew Feinstein
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
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7
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BAILIN SS, KUNDU S, WELLONS M, FREIBERG MS, DOYLE MF, TRACY RP, JUSTICE AC, WANJALLA CN, LANDAY AL, SO-ARMAH K, MALLAL S, KROPSKI JA, KOETHE JR. Circulating CD4+ TEMRA and CD4+ CD28- T cells and incident diabetes among persons with and without HIV. AIDS 2022; 36:501-511. [PMID: 34860194 PMCID: PMC8881388 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A higher proportion of circulating memory CD4+ T cells is associated with prevalent diabetes mellitus in persons with HIV (PWH) and HIV-negative persons. We assessed whether circulating T-cell subsets could also identify individuals who will subsequently develop diabetes. DESIGN This is a longitudinal follow-up study of PWH and similar HIV-negative individuals from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study who provided peripheral mononuclear blood cells between 2005 and 2007. METHODS We quantified T-cell subsets using flow cytometry and functional assays to identify CD4+ and CD8+ naive, activated, senescent, memory (central, effector, and effector RA+), and TH1, TH2, and TH17-phenotype cells. The occurrence of an incident diabetes diagnosis (i.e. after baseline blood draw) was adjudicated by a two-physician chart review. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for traditional risk factors, cytomegalovirus serostatus, and plasma inflammatory biomarkers assessed the relationship between T-cell subsets and incident diabetes. RESULTS One thousand, eight hundred and thirty-seven participants (1259 PWH) without diabetes at baseline were included; 69% were black, 95% were men, and median follow-up was 8.6 years. Higher baseline frequencies of CD4+ T effector memory RA+ (TEMRA) cells defined as CD45RA+ CD27- (P = 0.04) and senescent T cells defined as CD4+ CD28- (P = 0.04) were associated with incident diabetes in PWH only. CONCLUSIONS Higher frequencies of CD4+ TEMRA and CD4+ CD28- T cells were associated with incident diabetes in PWH only after adjustment for other factors. Additional studies are necessary to assess whether these cells act in blood via inflammatory mediators or reflect T-cell populations in metabolically active tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. BAILIN
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suman KUNDU
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melissa WELLONS
- Divison of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew S. FREIBERG
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margaret F. DOYLE
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Russell P. TRACY
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Amy C. JUSTICE
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Celestine N. WANJALLA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alan L. LANDAY
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaku SO-ARMAH
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon MALLAL
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan A. KROPSKI
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John R. KOETHE
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Palano MT, Cucchiara M, Gallazzi M, Riccio F, Mortara L, Gensini GF, Spinetti G, Ambrosio G, Bruno A. When a Friend Becomes Your Enemy: Natural Killer Cells in Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798155. [PMID: 35095876 PMCID: PMC8793801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (ATS), the change in structure and function of arteries with associated lesion formation and altered blood flow, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, the number one killer worldwide. Beyond dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, together with aberrant phenotype and function of cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, are now recognized as relevant contributors to atherosclerosis onset and progression. While the role of macrophages and T cells in atherosclerosis has been addressed in several studies, Natural Killer cells (NKs) represent a poorly explored immune cell type, that deserves attention, due to NKs’ emerging contribution to vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, the possibility to re-polarize the immune system has emerged as a relevant tool to design new therapies, with some succesfull exmples in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, a deeper knowledge of NK cell pathophysiology in the context of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-associated risk factors could help developing new preventive and treatment strategies, and decipher the complex scenario/history from “the risk factors for atherosclerosis” Here, we review the current knowledge about NK cell phenotype and activities in atherosclerosis and selected atherosclerosis risk factors, namely type-2 diabetes and obesity, and discuss the related NK-cell oriented environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Riccio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Gensini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
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9
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Sinha A, Rivera AS, Doyle MF, Sitlani C, Fohner A, Huber SA, Olson NC, Lima JA, Delaney JA, Feinstein MJ, Shah SJ, Tracy RP, Psaty BM. Association of immune cell subsets with cardiac mechanics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149193. [PMID: 34236048 PMCID: PMC8410049 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundImmunomodulatory therapy may help prevent heart failure (HF). Data on immune cells and myocardial remodeling in older adults with cardiovascular risk factors are limited.MethodsIn the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort, 869 adults had 19 peripheral immune cell subsets measured and underwent cardiac MRI during the baseline exam, of which 321 had assessment of left ventricular global circumferential strain (LV-GCS). We used linear regression with adjustment for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cytomegalovirus serostatus to evaluate the cross-sectional association of immune cell subsets with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LV-GCS.ResultsThe average age of the cohort was 61.6 ± 10.0 years and 53% were women. Higher proportions of γ/δ T cells were associated with lower absolute (worse) LV-GCS (-0.105% [95% CI -0.164%, -0.046%] per 1 SD higher proportion of γ/δ T cells, P = 0.0006). This association remained significant after Bonferroni's correction. Higher proportions of classical monocytes were associated with worse absolute LV-GCS (-0.04% [95% CI -0.07%, 0.00%] per 1 SD higher proportion of classical monocytes, P = 0.04). This did not meet significance after Bonferroni's correction. There were no other significant associations with LV-GCS or LVMI.ConclusionPathways associated with γ/δ T cells may be potential targets for immunomodulatory therapy targeted at HF prevention in populations at risk.FundingContracts 75N92020D00001, HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, 75N92020D00005, N01-HC-95160, 75N92020D00002, N01-HC-95161, 75N92020D00003, N01-HC-95162, 75N92020D00006, N01-HC-95163, 75N92020D00004, N01-HC-95164, 75N92020D00007, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, and N01-HC-95169 and grant R01 HL98077 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/NIH and grants KL2TR001424, UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079, and UL1-TR-001420 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sinha
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adovich S. Rivera
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Colleen Sitlani
- Department of Medicine
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, and
| | - Alison Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joao A.C. Lima
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph A. Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Feinstein
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Russel P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Medicine
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, and
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Natural killer cells, gamma delta T cells and classical monocytes are associated with systolic blood pressure in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:45. [PMID: 33482725 PMCID: PMC7821496 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a major source of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence from mouse models, genetic, and cross-sectional human studies suggest increased proportions of selected immune cell subsets may be associated with levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP).
Methods We assayed immune cells from cryopreserved samples collected at the baseline examination (2000–2002) from 1195 participants from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). We used linear mixed models, with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, exercise, body mass index, education, diabetes, and cytomegalovirus titers, to estimate the associations between 30 immune cell subsets (4 of which were a priori hypotheses) and repeated measures of SBP (baseline and up to four follow-up measures) over 10 years. The analysis provides estimates of the association with blood pressure level. Results The mean age of the MESA participants at baseline was 64 ± 10 years and 53% were male. A one standard deviation (1-SD) increment in the proportion of γδ T cells was associated with 2.40 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–3.42] higher average systolic blood pressure; and for natural killer cells, a 1-SD increment was associated with 1.88 mmHg (95% CI 0.82–2.94) higher average level of systolic blood pressure. A 1-SD increment in classical monocytes (CD14++CD16−) was associated with 2.01 mmHG (95% CI 0.79–3.24) lower average systolic blood pressure. There were no associations of CD4+ T helper cell subsets with average systolic blood pressure. Conclusion These findings suggest that the innate immune system plays a role in levels of SBP whereas there were no associations with adaptive immune cells.
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