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Deng Z, Zhao L, Li S, Chen X, Ling X, Zheng J, Yu K, Xu J, Yao C, Han S, Liang J, Feng H, Wu L, Li P, Tian R, Jing T, Tang Y, Dai Y, Yan M, Wang C, Li Z, Zhou Z. Targeting dysregulated phago-/auto-lysosomes in Sertoli cells to ameliorate late-onset hypogonadism. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:647-663. [PMID: 38649614 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Age-related changes in testicular function can impact health and well-being. The mechanisms underlying age-related testicular dysfunction, such as late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), remain incompletely understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing on human testes with LOH, we delineated Sertoli cells (SCs) as pivotal metabolic coordinators within the testicular microenvironment. In particular, lysosomal acidity probing revealed compromised degradative capacity in aged SCs, hindering autophagy and phagocytic flux. Consequently, SCs accumulated metabolites, including cholesterol, and have increased inflammatory gene expression; thus, we termed these cells as phago-/auto-lysosomal deregulated SCs. Exposure to a high-fat diet-induced phago-/auto-lysosomal dysregulated-like SCs, recapitulating LOH features in mice. Notably, efferent ductular injection and systemic TRPML1 agonist administration restored lysosomal function, normalizing testosterone deficiency and associated abnormalities in high-fat diet-induced LOH mice. Our findings underscore the central role of SCs in testis aging, presenting a promising therapeutic avenue for LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangyu Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Department of Interventional Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Ling
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunkun Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Yao
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Han
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruhui Tian
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Andrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, Department of Interventional Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yingbo Dai
- Department of Urology, Department of Interventional Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Minbo Yan
- Department of Urology, Department of Interventional Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, the Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China.
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Relovska S, Wang H, Zhang X, Fernández-Tussy P, Jeong KJ, Choi J, Suárez Y, McDonald JG, Fernández-Hernando C, Chung JJ. DHCR24-mediated sterol homeostasis during spermatogenesis is required for sperm mitochondrial sheath formation and impacts male fertility over time. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.21.572851. [PMID: 38187697 PMCID: PMC10769317 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Desmosterol and cholesterol are essential lipid components of the sperm plasma membrane. Cholesterol efflux is required for capacitation, a process through which sperm acquire fertilizing ability. In this study, using a transgenic mouse model overexpressing 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24), an enzyme in the sterol biosynthesis pathway responsible for the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol, we show that disruption of sterol homeostasis during spermatogenesis led to defective sperm morphology characterized by incomplete mitochondrial packing in the midpiece, reduced sperm count and motility, and a decline in male fertility with increasing paternal age, without changes in body fat composition. Sperm depleted of desmosterol exhibit inefficiency in the acrosome reaction, metabolic dysfunction, and an inability to fertilize the egg. These findings provide molecular insights into sterol homeostasis for sperm capacitation and its impact on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Relovska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pablo Fernández-Tussy
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kyung Jo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. McDonald
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jean-Ju Chung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Zhang JL, Lv M, Yang CF, Zhu YX, Li CJ. Mevalonate pathway and male reproductive aging. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:774-781. [PMID: 37733694 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Male fertility declines with age. The mevalonate pathway, through which cholesterol and nonsteroidal isoprenoids are synthesized, plays key role in metabolic processes and is an essential pathway for cholesterol production and protein prenylation. Male reproductive aging is accompanied by dramatic changes in the metabolic microenvironment of the testis. Since the mevalonate pathway has an important role in spermatogenesis, we attempted to explore the association between male reproductive aging and the mevalonate pathway to explain the mechanism of male reproductive aging. Alterations in the mevalonate pathway may affect male reproductive aging by decreasing cholesterol synthesis and altering testis protein prenylation. Decreased cholesterol levels affect cholesterol modification, testosterone production, and remodeling of germ cell membranes. Aging-related metabolic disorders also affect the metabolic coupling between somatic cells and spermatogenic cells, leading to male fertility decline. Therefore, we hypothesized that alterations in the mevalonate pathway represent one of the metabolic causes of reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Xi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Casado ME, Huerta L, Marcos-Díaz A, Ortiz AI, Kraemer FB, Lasunción MA, Busto R, Martín-Hidalgo A. Hormone-sensitive lipase deficiency affects the expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux and disturbs fertility in mouse testis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159043. [PMID: 34461308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) hydrolyse acylglycerols, cholesteryl and retinyl esters. HSL is a key lipase in mice testis, as HSL deficiency results in male sterility. The present work study the effects of the deficiency and lack of HSL on the localization and expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in uptake and efflux of cholesterol in mice testis, to determine the impact of HSL gene dosage on testis morphology, lipid homeostasis and fertility. The results of this work show that the lack of HSL in mice alters testis morphology and spermatogenesis, decreasing sperm counts, sperm motility and increasing the amount of Leydig cells and lipid droplets. They also show that there are differences in the localization of HSL, SR-BI, LDLr and ABCA1 in HSL+/+, HSL+/- and HSL-/- mice. The deficiency or lack of HSL has effects on protein and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolisms in mouse testis. HSL-/- testis have augmented expression of SR-BI, LDLr, ABCA1 and LXRβ, a critical sterol sensor that regulate multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism; whereas LDLr expression decreased in HSL+/- mice. Plin2, Abca1 and Ldlr mRNA levels increased; and LXRα (Nr1h3) and LXRβ (Nr1h2) decreased in testis from HSL-/- compared with HSL+/+; with no differences in Scarb1. Together these data suggest that HSL deficiency or lack in mice testis induces lipid homeostasis alterations that affect the cellular localization and expression of key receptors/transporter involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux (SR-BI, LDRr, ABCA1); alters normal cellular function and impact fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Casado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Lydia Huerta
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Díaz
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Ortiz
- Unidad de Cirugía Experimental y Animalario, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Miguel Angel Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Antonia Martín-Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain.
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Sweed N, Kim HJ, Hultenby K, Barros R, Parini P, Sancisi V, Strandvik B, Gabbi C. Liver X receptor β regulates bile volume and the expression of aquaporins and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the gallbladder. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G243-G251. [PMID: 34259574 PMCID: PMC8815792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gallbladder is considered an important organ in maintaining digestive and metabolic homeostasis. Given that therapeutic options for gallbladder diseases are often limited to cholecystectomy, understanding gallbladder pathophysiology is essential in developing novel therapeutic strategies. Since liver X receptor β (LXRβ), an oxysterol-activated transcription factor, is strongly expressed in gallbladder cholangiocytes, the aim was to investigate LXRβ physiological function in the gallbladder. Thus, we studied the gallbladders of WT and LXRβ-/- male mice using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, qRT-PCR, bile duct cannulation, bile and blood biochemistry, and duodenal pH measurements. LXRβ-/- mice presented a large gallbladder bile volume with high duodenal mRNA levels of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a strong mediator of gallbladder relaxation. LXRβ-/- gallbladders showed low mRNA and protein expression of Aquaporin-1, Aquaporin-8, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). A cystic fibrosis-resembling phenotype was evident in the liver showing high serum cholestatic markers and the presence of reactive cholangiocytes. For LXRβ being a transcription factor, we identified eight putative binding sites of LXR on the promoter and enhancer of the Cftr gene, suggesting Cftr as a novel LXRβ regulated gene. In conclusion, LXRβ was recognized as a regulator of gallbladder bile volume through multiple mechanisms involving CFTR and aquaporins.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This report reveals a novel and specific role of the nuclear receptor liver X receptor β (LXRβ) in controlling biliary tree pathophysiology. LXRβ-/- mice have high gallbladder bile volume and are affected by a cholangiopathy that resembles cystic fibrosis. We found LXRβ to regulate the expression of both aquaporins water channels and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. This opens a new field in biliary tree pathophysiology, enlightening a possible transcription factor controlling CFTR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Sweed
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Barros
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Paoo Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Sancisi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Gabbi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wagner IV, Klöting N, Savchuk I, Eifler L, Kulle A, Kralisch-Jäcklein S, Dötsch J, Hiort O, Svechnikov K, Söder O. Diabetes Type 1 Negatively Influences Leydig Cell Function in Rats, Which is Partially Reversible By Insulin Treatment. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6122542. [PMID: 33507237 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with impaired spermatogenesis and lower testosterone levels and epididymal weight. However, the underlying processes in the testis are unknown and remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study focused on the effects of T1DM on testicular function in a spontaneously diabetic rat model. BB/OKL rats after diabetes manifestation were divided into 3 groups: those without insulin treatment and insulin treatment for a duration of 2 and of 6 weeks. Anthropometrical data, circulating levels of gonadotrophins, testosterone, and inhibin B were measured. Intratesticular testosterone, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were analyzed. Key enzymes of steroidogenesis were evaluated in the testis. Untreated diabetic rats had significantly lower serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels. Serum and intratesticular testosterone levels significantly decreased in untreated diabetic rats compared to healthy controls. Key markers of Leydig cell function were significantly downregulated at the RNA level: insulin-like factor 3 (Insl3) by 53% (P = .006), Star by 51% (P = .004), Cyp11A1 by 80% (P = .003), 3Beta-Hsd2 by 61% (P = .005), and Pbr by 52% (P = .002). In the insulin-treated group, only Cyp11A1 and 3Beta-Hsd2 transcripts were significantly lower. Interestingly, the long-term insulin-treated group showed significant upregulation of most steroidogenic enzymes without affecting testosterone levels. Tumor necrosis factor α and apoptosis were significantly increased in the long-term insulin-treated rats. In conclusion T1DM, with a severe lack of insulin, has an adverse action on Leydig cell function. This is partially reversible with well-compensated blood glucose control. Long-term T1DM adversely affects Leydig cell function because of the process of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Viola Wagner
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iuliia Savchuk
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Eifler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kulle
- University Hospital Kiel, Hormone Center for Pediatric Endocrinology Laboratory, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susan Kralisch-Jäcklein
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olaf Hiort
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Konstantin Svechnikov
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Goel D, Vohora D. Liver X receptors and skeleton: Current state-of-knowledge. Bone 2021; 144:115807. [PMID: 33333244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The liver X receptors (LXR) is a nuclear receptor that acts as a prominent regulator of lipid homeostasis and inflammatory response. Its therapeutic effectiveness against various diseases like Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis has been investigated in detail. Emerging pieces of evidence now reveal that LXR is also a crucial modulator of bone remodeling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions of LXR on the skeleton and its role in osteoporosis are poorly understood. Therefore, in the current review, we highlight LXR and its actions through different molecular pathways modulating skeletal homeostasis. The studies described in this review propound that LXR in association with estrogen, PTH, PPARγ, RXR hedgehog, and canonical Wnt signaling regulates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. It regulates RANKL-induced expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, and NF-κB involved in osteoclast differentiation. Additionally, several studies suggest suppression of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by synthetic LXR ligands. Given the significance of modulation of LXR in various physiological and pathological settings, our findings indicate that therapeutic targeting of LXR might potentially prevent or treat osteoporosis and improve bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Goel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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8
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Liver X Receptors and Male (In)fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215379. [PMID: 31671745 PMCID: PMC6862486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors acting as ‘cholesterol sensors’ to regulate lipid homeostasis in cells. The two isoforms, LXRα (NR1H3) and LXRβ (NR1H2), are differentially expressed, with the former expressed predominantly in metabolically active tissues and the latter more ubiquitously. Both are activated by oxidised cholesterol metabolites, endogenously produced oxysterols. LXRs have important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, plus a number of newly emerging roles. They are implicated in regulating lipid balance in normal male reproductive function and may provide a link between male infertility and lipid disorders and/or obesity. Studies from Lxr knockout mouse models provide compelling evidence to support this. More recently published data suggest distinct and overlapping roles of the LXR isoforms in the testis and recent evidence of a role for LXRs in human male fertility. This review summarises the current literature and explores the likely link between LXR, lipid metabolism and male fertility as part of a special issue on Liver X receptors in International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
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Zhao W, Su J, Wang Y, Qian T, Liu Y. Functional importance of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) expression by Sertoli cells in mediating cholesterol metabolism and maintenance of sperm quality. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:984-998. [PMID: 31134714 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells are a type of nurse cell in the seminiferous epithelium that are crucial for sustaining spermatogenesis by extending nutritional and energy support to the developing germ cells. Dysfunction of Sertoli cells could cause disordered spermatogenesis and reduced fertility in males. In this study, we focused on the expression and function of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), a lysosomal depalmitoylating enzyme, in Sertoli cells. Here, we show that PPT1 expression in Sertoli cells is responsive to cholesterol treatment and that specific knockout of Ppt1 in Sertoli cells causes male subfertility associated with poor sperm quality and a high ratio of sperm deformity. Specifically, Ppt1 deficiency leads to poor cell variably accompanied with abnormal lysosome accumulation and increased cholesterol levels in Sertoli cells. Further, Ppt1 deficiency results in poor adhesion of developing germ cells to Sertoli cells in the seminiferous epithelium, which is likely to be responsible for the reduced male fertility as a consequence of declines in sperm count and motility as well as a high incidence of sperm head deformity. In summary, PPT1 affects sperm quality and male fertility through regulating lysosomal function and cholesterol metabolism in Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dali University, Yunnan, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Tijun Qian
- Vector Laboratory, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Khieokhajonkhet A, Aeksiri N, Kaneko G. Molecular characterization and homology modeling of liver X receptor in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: predicted functions in reproduction and lipid metabolism. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:523-538. [PMID: 30806874 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays vital roles in maintaining cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. Much work has been done on mammalian LXRs, but the role of LXR in fish remains unclear. In the present study, LXR gene was identified from adult Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, and its predicted protein structure was docked with several cholesterol derivatives at the binding site. The LXR cDNA consisted of 1495 bp encoding a putative LXR protein of 494 amino acids. The Asian seabass LXR retained many important structural features found in LXRs of other fishes and mammals, such as putative signal peptide, activation function-1 (AF-1) domain, DNA-binding domain (DBD), ligand-binding domain (LBD), activation function-2 (AF-2) domain, and eight conserved cysteine residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of LXR shared significant identity with those of other species ranging from 65.7 to 95.8%. The homology modeling and in silico molecular docking demonstrated that Asian seabass LXR could interact with cholesterol derivatives at amino acid residues Phe274 and Ile312. Real-time PCR further revealed that LXR transcripts are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest levels detected in the gonad followed by the liver. Given the well-known importance of cholesterol-mediated signaling in these tissues, Asian seabass LXR may reasonably be involved in reproduction and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurak Khieokhajonkhet
- Center for Agriculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 M. 1, T. Thapo, A. Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Niran Aeksiri
- Center for Agriculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 M. 1, T. Thapo, A. Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Gen Kaneko
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, 3007 N. Ben Wilson, Victoria, TX, 77901, USA
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11
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Calderón B, Huerta L, Casado ME, González-Casbas JM, Botella-Carretero JI, Martín-Hidalgo A. Morbid obesity-related changes in the expression of lipid receptors, transporters, and HSL in human sperm. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:777-786. [PMID: 30659447 PMCID: PMC6505031 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the location and expression of receptors (SR-BI/CLA-1, SR-BII, and LDLr) and transporter (ABCA1) involved in uptake and efflux of cholesterol in human spermatozoa and assess whether obesity alters its location/expression and whether this could be related to infertility. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING None PATIENT(S): Ten controls and 20 obese patients. INTERVENTION(S) Anthropometric parameters. Serum and semen samples were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Spermatozoon concentration, immunolocalization, and protein expression in semen. RESULTS Spermatozoon concentration and motility was decreased in morbidly obese patients. SR-BI/CLA-1, SR-BII, LDLr, and ABCA1 are located in the spermatozoon cell membrane and the localization does not change between obese patients and controls. Control spermatozoa showed high SR-BI expression, and less expression for the rest of the receptors analyzed, indicating that SR-BI/CLA-1 is relevant in human spermatozoon cholesterol uptake/efflux. On the contrary, spermatozoa of obese patients showed less SR-BI/CLA-1 expression than controls, and more intense positive staining for SR-BII, LDLr, and ABCA1. Finally, human sperm expresses the 130- and 82-kDa hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) isoforms. The 130-kDa isoform is expressed in the control sperm, and the expression disappears in the obese patients. CONCLUSION(S) The presence of lipid receptors/transporters and HSL in human spermatozoa suggests their role in the process of maturation/capacitation. The changes in the expression of lipid receptors/transporters and the lack of the 130-kDa HSL isoform in obese patients prevent the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters internalized by these receptors, and favor their accumulation in the cytoplasm of the spermatozoa that could contribute to lipotoxicity and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berniza Calderón
- Instituto Tecnológico Santo Domingo (INTEC), Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Huerta
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Emilia Casado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Casbas
- Instituto Europeo de Fertilidad y Unidad de Reproducción Asistida, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, E-28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Botella-Carretero
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Martín-Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry-Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra.ColmenarViejo, Km 9.100, E-28034, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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English AM, Byrne CJ, Cormican P, Waters SM, Fair S, Kenny DA. Effect of Early Calf-Hood Nutrition on the Transcriptional Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular axis in Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16577. [PMID: 30409985 PMCID: PMC6224434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early calf-hood nutrition on the transcriptomic profile of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and testes in Holstein-Friesian bulls. Holstein-Friesian bull calves with a mean (±S.D.) age and bodyweight of 19 (±8.2) days and 47.5 (±5.3) kg, respectively, were offered a high (n = 10) or low (n = 10) plane of nutrition in order to achieve an overall growth rate of 1.2 and 0.5 kg/day. At 126 (±3) days of age, calves were euthanized, hypothalamus (arcuate region), anterior pituitary and testicular parenchyma samples were harvested and RNAseq analysis was performed. There were 0, 49 and 1,346 genes differentially expressed in the arcuate nucleus, anterior pituitary and testicular tissue of bull calves on the low relative to the high plane of nutrition, respectively (P < 0.05; False Discovery Rate <0.05). Cell cycle processes in the anterior pituitary were down regulated in the low relative to the high plane of nutrition; there was no differential expression of genes related to reproductive processes. Gene expression involved in cholesterol and androgen biosynthesis in the testes were down regulated in animals on the low plane of nutrition. This study provides insight into the effect of early life plane of nutrition on the regulation of the HPT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M English
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland.,Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX, Limerick, Ireland
| | - C J Byrne
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Cormican
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - S M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - S Fair
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX, Limerick, Ireland
| | - D A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland. .,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Zang ZJ, Liu Q, Hu J, Feng J, Zhu YQ, Ma G, Jiang MH. The impact of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy on testicular function in adult rats. Andrology 2018; 6:936-942. [PMID: 30079463 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z.-J. Zang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Q. Liu
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Feng
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y.-Q. Zhu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - G. Ma
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - M.-H. Jiang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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14
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Wagner IV, Sahlin L, Savchuk I, Klöting N, Svechnikov K, Söder O. Adipose Tissue is a Potential Source of Hyperandrogenism in Obese Female Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1161-1167. [PMID: 29901265 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity in females is often associated with metabolic complications and hyperandrogenism, but the sources of androgens are not completely understood. Therefore, this study investigated whether adipose tissue could be a source of androgens promoting hyperandrogenism development in obese female rats. METHODS Gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes and testosterone levels were determined in periovarian and inguinal adipose tissue and in the supernatant of cultured preadipocytes and adipocytes. The conversion of pregnenolone to androgens was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS Substantial amounts of testosterone in adipose tissue (25-153 ng/g tissue) and in the supernatant of adipocytes (0.33-0.69 ng/ten thousand cells]) were found. StAR and steroidogenic enzymes encoded by genes including Cyp11A1, Cyp17A1, Cyp19, Hsd3b2, Hsd17b3, and Srd5a2 were expressed in adipose tissue and cultured cells. Thin layer chromatography data revealed that preadipocytes and adipocytes were able to convert pregnenolone to testosterone. Higher levels for all steroidogenic enzymes were found in both depots of obese animals compared with lean animals, with significantly higher levels in inguinal tissue. CONCLUSIONS The whole steroidogenic machinery and capacity for testosterone biosynthesis were found in fat depots of female rats. These findings support the hypothesis that adipose tissue may contribute substantially to the hyperandrogenism in female obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Viola Wagner
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordfertil Research Lab Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iuliia Savchuk
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Klöting
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin Svechnikov
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Kruse MS, Suarez LG, Coirini H. LXR activation increases the expression of GnRH AND αMSH in the rat hypothalamus in vivo. Neurosci Lett 2018; 664:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Shi JF, Li YK, Ren K, Xie YJ, Yin WD, Mo ZC. Characterization of cholesterol metabolism in Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:705-713. [PMID: 29115523 PMCID: PMC5780145 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sertoli cell, which is the supporting cell of spermatogenesis, has an important role in the endocrine and paracrine control of spermatogenesis. Functionally, it provides the cells of the seminiferous epithelium with nutrition, conveys mature spermatids to the lumen of seminiferous tubules, secretes androgen‑binding protein and interacts with endocrine Leydig cells. In addition, the levels of cholesterol, as well as its intermediates, vary greatly between nongonadal tissues and the male reproductive system. Throughout spermatogenesis, a dynamic and constant alteration in the membrane lipid composition of Sertoli cells occurs. In several mammalian species, testis meiosis‑activating sterol and desmosterol, as well as other cholesterol precursors, accumulate in the testes and spermatozoa. In addition, certain cholesterogenic genes exhibit stage‑specific expression patterns during spermatogenesis, including the cytochrome P450 enzyme lanosterol 14α‑demethylase. Inconsistency in the patterns of gene expression during spermatogenesis indicates a cell‑type specific and complex temporary modulation of lipids and cholesterol, which also implicates the dynamic interactions between Sertoli cells and germ cells. Furthermore, in the female reproductive tract and during epididymal transit, which is a prerequisite for valid fertilization, the modulation of cholesterol occurring in spermatozoal membranes further indicates the functional importance of sterol compounds in spermatogenesis. However, the exact role of cholesterol metabolism in Sertoli cells in sperm production is unknown. The present review article describes the progress made in the research regarding the characteristics of the Sertoli cell, particularly the regulation of its cholesterol metabolism during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Kun Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Kun Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Jie Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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17
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Sèdes L, Thirouard L, Maqdasy S, Garcia M, Caira F, Lobaccaro JMA, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Cholesterol: A Gatekeeper of Male Fertility? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:369. [PMID: 30072948 PMCID: PMC6060264 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for mammalian cell functions and integrity. It is an important structural component maintaining the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane. The balance between synthesis and catabolism of cholesterol should be tightly regulated to ensure normal cellular processes. Male reproductive function has been demonstrated to be dependent on cholesterol homeostasis. Here we review data highlighting the impacts of cholesterol homeostasis on male fertility and the molecular mechanisms implicated through the signaling pathways of some nuclear receptors.
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18
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Formaldehyde Inhibits Sexual Behavior and Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Testes of Mice. J Sex Med 2017; 14:1297-1306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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de Wit NM, Vanmol J, Kamermans A, Hendriks JJA, de Vries HE. Inflammation at the blood-brain barrier: The role of liver X receptors. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 107:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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20
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Zang ZJ, Tang HF, Tuo Y, Xing WJ, Ji SY, Gao Y, Deng CH. Effects of velvet antler polypeptide on sexual behavior and testosterone synthesis in aging male mice. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:613-9. [PMID: 26608944 PMCID: PMC4955189 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.166435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four-month-old male C57BL/6 mice with low serum testosterone levels were used as a late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) animal model for examining the effects of velvet antler polypeptide (VAP) on sexual function and testosterone synthesis. These mice received VAP for 5 consecutive weeks by daily gavage at doses of 100, 200, or 300 mg kg−1 body weight per day (n = 10 mice per dose). Control animals (n = 10) received the same weight-based volume of vehicle. Sexual behavior and testosterone levels in serum and interstitial tissue of testis were measured after the last administration of VAP. Furthermore, to investigate the mechanisms of how VAP affects sexual behavior and testosterone synthesis in vivo, the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in Leydig cells was also measured by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR. As a result, VAP produced a significant improvement in the sexual function of these aging male mice. Serum testosterone level and intratesticular testosterone (ITT) concentration also increased in the VAP-treated groups. The expression of StAR, P450scc, and 3β-HSD was also found to be enhanced in the VAP-treated groups compared with the control group. Our results suggested that VAP was effective in improving sexual function in aging male mice. The effect of velvet antler on sexual function was due to the increased expression of several rate-limiting enzymes of testosterone synthesis (StAR, P450scc, and 3β-HSD) and the following promotion of testosterone synthesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Feng Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde First People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Tuo
- Department of Histopathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Xing
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Yun Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hua Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Su W, Huang SZ, Gao M, Kong XM, Gustafsson JÅ, Xu SJ, Wang B, Zheng F, Chen LH, Wang NP, Guan YF, Zhang XY. Liver X receptor β increases aquaporin 2 protein level via a posttranscriptional mechanism in renal collecting ducts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F619-F628. [PMID: 28052875 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00564.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) including LXRα and LXRβ are nuclear receptor transcription factors and play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism. It has been previously reported that mice lacking LXRβ but not LXRα develop a severe urine concentrating defect, likely via a central mechanism. Here we provide evidence that LXRβ regulates water homeostasis through increasing aquaporin 2 (AQP2) protein levels in renal collecting ducts. LXRβ-/- mice exhibited a reduced response to desmopressin (dDAVP) stimulation, suggesting that the diabetes insipidus phenotype is of both central and nephrogenic origin. AQP2 protein abundance in the renal inner medulla was significantly reduced in LXRβ-/- mice but with little change in AQP2 mRNA levels. In vitro studies showed that AQP2 protein levels were elevated upon LXR agonist treatment in both primary cultured mouse inner medullary duct cells (mIMCD) and the mIMCD3 cell line with stably expressed AQP2. In addition, LXR agonists including TO901317 and GW3965 failed to induce AQP2 gene transcription but diminished its protein ubiquitination in primary cultured mIMCD cells, thereby inhibiting its degradation. Moreover, LXR activation-induced AQP2 protein expression was abolished by the protease inhibitor MG132 and the ubiquitination-deficient AQP2 (K270R). Taken together, the present study demonstrates that activation of LXRβ increases AQP2 protein levels in the renal collecting ducts via a posttranscriptional mechanism. As such, LXRβ represents a key regulator of body water homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi-Zheng Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mu Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Su-Juan Xu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Hong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan-Ping Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Wagner IV, Klöting N, Atanassova N, Savchuk I, Spröte C, Kiess W, Söder O, Svechnikov K. Prepubertal onset of obesity negatively impacts on testicular steroidogenesis in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:154-162. [PMID: 27544779 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem and impacts negatively on levels of testosterone and quality of sperm production. At present little is known about mechanisms that attenuate testicular function in obese males. Our study characterized testicular steroidogenesis and explored levels of relevant paracrine and hormonal factors in rats with short- and long-term obesity. We have found that obesity state increased serum levels of estradiol and leptin in both groups of obese rats and inhibited the expression of StAR and Cyp11a1 associated with low levels of intratesticular testosterone in rats with long-term obesity. Further, long-term obesity reduced the number of Leydig cells, increased the testicular levels of the proinflammatory adipocytokine TNFα and the number of testicular macrophages. All together, our data indicate that long-term obesity may cause chronic inflammation in the testis and negatively impacts on Leydig cell steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Wagner
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women and Child Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, 17171 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Department of Women's and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Klöting
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - I Savchuk
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women and Child Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, 17171 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Spröte
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - W Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Department of Women's and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Söder
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women and Child Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, 17171 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Svechnikov
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women and Child Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, 17171 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Once and for all, LXRα and LXRβ are gatekeepers of the endocrine system. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 49:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hoffmann A, Manjowk GM, Wagner IV, Klöting N, Ebert T, Jessnitzer B, Lössner U, Stukenborg JB, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Söder O, Svechnikov K, Fasshauer M, Kralisch S. Leptin Within the Subphysiological to Physiological Range Dose Dependently Improves Male Reproductive Function in an Obesity Mouse Model. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2461-8. [PMID: 27105383 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has recently been linked with reduced fertility, and the mechanisms underpinning this effect are currently unknown. The adipokine leptin is dysregulated in obesity and affects reproductive tracts; therefore, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of leptin on Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis. Eight-week-old leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) male mice were treated with subphysiological (0.1- or 0.5-mg/kg body weight [BW]/d) or physiological (3.0-mg/kg BW/d) doses of leptin or saline for 12 weeks (chronic treatment) or 72 hours (acute treatment). We then evaluated male reproductive function markers. Mean testis weight increased significantly in the 0.1- and 3.0-mg/kg BW/d groups compared with saline controls (both P < .05). Intratesticular testosterone levels relative to testis weight significantly increased in the 0.5-mg/kg BW/d group compared with saline controls (P < .05). FSH levels increased in a dose-dependent manner with leptin treatment, whereas LH levels did not change. Leptin treatment significantly up-regulated both mRNA and protein expression of the steroidogenic enzyme cytochrome P450 17A1. Spermatogenesis improved in leptin-treated animals. Significantly more seminiferous tubules were observed in stages I-VIII (P < .01), and there were fewer abnormal seminiferous tubule structures (P < .01). Acute treatment with physiological leptin doses partially improved male reproductive markers without changing BW. Administration of subphysiological to physiological doses of leptin improves Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Hoffmann
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gloria-Maria Manjowk
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Viola Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beate Jessnitzer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Lössner
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Svechnikov
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan Kralisch
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Oxysterol nuclear receptors liver x receptors (LXRalpha and LXRbeta) regulate lipid homeostasis when cells have to face high amounts of cholesterol and/or fatty acids. Male mice invalidated for both lxr (LXR-/-) are infertile by 5 months of age, and become sterile by the age of 9 months. The epididymis was previously shown to be affected by the gene invalidation, a phenotype specifically located in the two proximal segments of this organ. We demonstrate here that cholesteryl esters are accumulated in a specific cell type of the epididymal epithelium, the apical cells, in these two first segments, in LXR-/- male mice. These accumulations are correlated to a decrease in the amount of a specific membrane cholesterol transporter, ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) in the caput epididymidis of LXR-/- mice. This decrease is due to a transcriptional down-regulation, and we further demonstrate that ABCA1, in the two first segments of the caput epididymidis, is located in the apical cells, and that its accumulation is lost in these cells for LXR-/- male mice as soon as 4 months of age. These data bring new elements in the cholesterol trafficking pathways in the epididymis, and will help a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring in this organ in relation to the sperm cells maturation process.
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Castellanos P, Maroto-Morales A, García-Álvarez O, Garde JJ, Mateo R. AnIn VitroEvaluation of Biochemical Processes Involved in Lead-Induced Changes on Ram Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:421-7. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Castellanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) UCLM-CSIC-JCCM; Wildlife Toxicology Group; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - A Maroto-Morales
- SaBio; Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) UCLM-CSIC-JCCM; Albacete Spain
| | - O García-Álvarez
- SaBio; Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) UCLM-CSIC-JCCM; Albacete Spain
| | - JJ Garde
- SaBio; Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) UCLM-CSIC-JCCM; Albacete Spain
| | - R Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) UCLM-CSIC-JCCM; Wildlife Toxicology Group; Ciudad Real Spain
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Whitfield M, Ouvrier A, Cadet R, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Guiton R, Janny L, Kocer A, Marceau G, Pons-Rejraji H, Trousson A, Drevet JR, Saez F. Liver X Receptors (LXRs) Alpha and Beta Play Distinct Roles in the Mouse Epididymis1. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:55. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Manna PR, Stetson CL, Slominski AT, Pruitt K. Role of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in health and disease. Endocrine 2016; 51:7-21. [PMID: 26271515 PMCID: PMC4707056 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are an important class of regulatory molecules that are synthesized in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal, ovary, testis, placenta, brain, and skin, and influence a spectrum of developmental and physiological processes. The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) predominantly mediates the rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis, i.e., the transport of the substrate of all steroid hormones, cholesterol, from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. At the inner membrane, cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme cleaves the cholesterol side chain to form the first steroid, pregnenolone, which is converted by a series of enzymes to various steroid hormones in specific tissues. Both basic and clinical evidence have demonstrated the crucial involvement of the STAR protein in the regulation of steroid biosynthesis. Multiple levels of regulation impinge on STAR action. Recent findings demonstrate that hormone-sensitive lipase, through its action on the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters, plays an important role in regulating STAR expression and steroidogenesis which involve the liver X receptor pathway. Activation of the latter influences macrophage cholesterol efflux that is a key process in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Appropriate regulation of steroid hormones is vital for proper functioning of many important biological activities, which are also paramount for geriatric populations to live longer and healthier. This review summarizes the current level of understanding on tissue-specific and hormone-induced regulation of STAR expression and steroidogenesis, and provides insights into a number of cholesterol and/or steroid coupled physiological and pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R Manna
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
| | - Cloyce L Stetson
- Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, VA Medical Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
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29
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Maqdasy S, El Hajjaji FZ, Baptissart M, Viennois E, Oumeddour A, Brugnon F, Trousson A, Tauveron I, Volle D, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S. Identification of the Functions of Liver X Receptor-β in Sertoli Cells Using a Targeted Expression-Rescue Model. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4545-57. [PMID: 26402841 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are key regulators of lipid homeostasis and are involved in multiple testicular functions. The Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) mice have illuminated the roles of both isoforms in maintenance of the epithelium in the seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis, and T production. The requirement for LXRβ in Sertoli cells have been emphasized by early abnormal cholesteryl ester accumulation in the Lxrβ(-/-) and Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) mice. Other phenotypes, such as germ cell loss and hypogonadism, occur later in life in the Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) mice. Thus, LXRβ expression in Sertoli cells seems to be essential for normal testicular physiology. To decipher the roles of LXRβ within the Sertoli cells, we generated Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-):AMH-Lxrβ transgenic mice, which reexpress Lxrβ in Sertoli cells in the context of Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) mice. In addition to lipid homeostasis, LXRβ is necessary for maintaining the blood-testis barrier and the integrity of the germ cell epithelium. LXRβ is also implicated in the paracrine action of Sertoli cells on Leydig cells to modulate T synthesis. The Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) and Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-):AMH-Lxrβ mice exhibit lipid accumulation in germ cells after the Abcg8 down-regulation, suggesting an intricate LXRβ-dependent cooperation between the Sertoli cells and germ cells to ensure spermiogenesis. Further analysis revealed also peritubular smooth muscle defects (abnormal lipid accumulation and disorganized smooth muscle actin) and spermatozoa stagnation in the seminiferous tubules. Together the present work elucidates specific roles of LXRβ in Sertoli cell physiology in vivo beyond lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fatim-Zohra El Hajjaji
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Baptissart
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emilie Viennois
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abdelkader Oumeddour
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Brugnon
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Volle
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zimmermann C, Stévant I, Borel C, Conne B, Pitetti JL, Calvel P, Kaessmann H, Jégou B, Chalmel F, Nef S. Research resource: the dynamic transcriptional profile of sertoli cells during the progression of spermatogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:627-42. [PMID: 25710594 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SCs), the only somatic cells within seminiferous tubules, associate intimately with developing germ cells. They not only provide physical and nutritional support but also secrete factors essential to the complex developmental processes of germ cell proliferation and differentiation. The SC transcriptome must therefore adapt rapidly during the different stages of spermatogenesis. We report comprehensive genome-wide expression profiles of pure populations of SCs isolated at 5 distinct stages of the first wave of mouse spermatogenesis, using RNA sequencing technology. We were able to reconstruct about 13 901 high-confidence, nonredundant coding and noncoding transcripts, characterized by complex alternative splicing patterns with more than 45% comprising novel isoforms of known genes. Interestingly, roughly one-fifth (2939) of these genes exhibited a dynamic expression profile reflecting the evolving role of SCs during the progression of spermatogenesis, with stage-specific expression of genes involved in biological processes such as cell cycle regulation, metabolism and energy production, retinoic acid synthesis, and blood-testis barrier biogenesis. Finally, regulatory network analysis identified the transcription factors endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1/Hif2α), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT/Hif1β), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) as potential master regulators driving the SC transcriptional program. Our results highlight the plastic transcriptional landscape of SCs during the progression of spermatogenesis and provide valuable resources to better understand SC function and spermatogenesis and its related disorders, such as male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (C.Z., I.S., C.B., B.C., J.-L.P., P.C., S.N.), University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Genomics (H.K.), University of Lausanne, Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Inserm U1085-IRSET (B.J., F.C.), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France
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Morgan DH, Ghribi O, Hui L, Geiger JD, Chen X. Cholesterol-enriched diet disrupts the blood-testis barrier in rabbits. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E1125-30. [PMID: 25336525 PMCID: PMC4269676 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00416.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
About 15% of heterosexual couples in the USA suffer from infertility issues; male infertility accounts for ∼50% of all infertility cases and roughly 50% of male infertility is idiopathic. Increased levels of plasma cholesterol affect spermatogenesis and male fertility negatively, but by unclear mechanisms. Clearly, spermatogenesis occurs in immune-privileged seminiferous tubules that are protected by the blood-testis barrier (BTB), and BTB disruption results in sperm damage and male infertility. Accordingly, using rabbits fed a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet for 2, 4, and 6 wk to raise levels of plasma cholesterol, we tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of plasma cholesterol disrupt the BTB functionally and biochemically. The cholesterol-enriched diet increased lipid deposition dramatically and time-dependently in the seminiferous tubules and disrupted the BTB as evidenced by increased IgG staining within the seminiferous tubules. Total protein levels of the tight-junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin were increased in the seminiferous tubules of rabbits fed the cholesterol-enriched diet, and the distribution patterns of tight-junction proteins were markedly affected, including an increased accumulation of tight-junction proteins in endosomes. Disruption of the integrity of the BTB due to increased plasma levels of cholesterol might play a role in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Morgan
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Othman Ghribi
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Liang Hui
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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28-Homobrassinolide: a novel oxysterol transactivating LXR gene expression. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7447-61. [PMID: 25091941 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is the template for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Cholesterol homeostasis is regulated by Cyt-P450 oxygenated cholesterols acting as ligands on LXR-α and LXR-β transcription factors that are now emerging as drug targets. Heterodimerization of LXRs with retinoic acid receptor is considered a prerequisite for target gene activation. Dietary plant oxysterol 28-homobrassinolide (28-HB) is a proven antihyperglycemic and a pro-steroidogenic agent in the rat. Whether 28-HB has a role in LXR gene expression was therefore investigated using oral gavage (15 days) of 28-HB (333 µg/kg b w) to normal and diabetic rat. PCR amplified LXR-α and β mRNA transcripts from treated rat liver and testis exhibited quantitative differences in their expression. Conformational differences in 28-HB docking to LXR-α and β binding domains were also noted through in silico studies, LXR-β adopting lesser specificity. We report that 28-HB transactivates LXR genes in the rat tissues.
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Hou M, Eriksson E, Svechnikov K, Jahnukainen K, Söder O, Meinhardt A, Sävendahl L. Bortezomib treatment causes long-term testicular dysfunction in young male mice. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:155. [PMID: 24950741 PMCID: PMC4074580 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With increased long-term survivors of childhood cancer patients, therapy-associated infertility has become one of the most common late side-effects and significantly affects their life-quality. Therefore, evaluation of anti-cancer agents on male reproduction and infertility prevention are urgently demanding. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been launched in clinical trials for childhood cancers, however, its potential side effects on reproduction have so far been neither investigated experimentally nor reported in treated children. Thus the present study is designed to explore the impact of bortezomib on male reproductive function and to gain insights into how bortezomib exerts its adverse effects on man gonad, thereby providing pediatric oncologists relevant information. Methods 35 day-old male mice were treated with one 11-day cycle of bortezomib and then sacrificed 2 days, 45 days, or 6 months later. A mating study was performed in the group followed for 6 months, and their pups were analyzed on postnatal day 50. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testicular testosterone levels were measured. Testicular morphology was evaluated by light- and electron microscopy, and the underlying mechanisms and pathways of testis damage were investigated. Results Testicular damage was visible already 2 days after stopping bortezomib and increased in severity by day 45. Then 80% of seminiferous tubules exhibited hypospermatogenesis with arrest at the levels of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids. Germ cells were specifically targeted by bortezomib as evidenced by increased apoptosis mediated through activation of p53 and caspases. Even six months after the bortezomib treatment, testis weight, sperm concentration and seminiferous tubule length remained at a decreased level, indicating that spermatogenesis and tubular outgrowth could not fully recover. Combined with persistently increased serum levels of FSH in these mice, our results demonstrate that bortezomib can have long-term effects on testicular function, although fertility of bortezomib-exposed males remained and their offspring looked healthy. Conclusion Bortezomib treatment causes long-term gonadal dysfunction in male mice. Careful monitoring of gonadal function in male childhood cancer patients treated with bortezomib is thus strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet & University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rondanino C, Ouchchane L, Chauffour C, Marceau G, Déchelotte P, Sion B, Pons-Rejraji H, Janny L, Volle DH, Lobaccaro JMA, Brugnon F. Levels of liver X receptors in testicular biopsies of patients with azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:361-371.e5. [PMID: 24842676 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the transcription factors liver X receptors (LXRs) and their downstream genes, which are involved in the regulation of several testicular functions in mouse models, are differentially expressed in testes of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) or obstructive azoospermia (OA). DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Patients with various types of NOA (n=22) and with OA (n=5). INTERVENTION(S) Human testicular biopsies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Transcript levels were measured in testicular biopsies with the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Correlations of LXR mRNA levels with the number of germ cells, the expression of proliferation and apoptosis markers, and the amount of intratesticular lipids and testosterone were evaluated. The localization of LXRα was analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULT(S) LXR mRNA levels were decreased by 49%-98% in NOA specimens and positively correlated with germ cell number. Accumulations of IDOL and SREBP1c (LXR targets involved in lipid homeostasis) were 1.8-2.1 times lower in NOA samples and mRNA levels of the SREBP1c target gene ELOVL6 were increased 1.9-2.4-fold. Interestingly, the amount of triglycerides and free fatty acids were higher in NOA testes (3.4-12.2-fold). LXRα was present in Leydig cells. Accumulations of LXR downstream genes encoding the steroidogenic proteins StAR and 3βHSD2 were higher in NOA testes (5.9-12.8-fold). CONCLUSION(S) Knowledge of changes in the transcript levels of LXRs and some of their downstream genes during altered spermatogenesis may help us to better understand the physiopathology of testicular failure in azoospermic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rondanino
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France; INSERM, UMR 1103, GReD, Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; AMP-CECOS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lemlih Ouchchane
- Laboratoire ISIT, UMR 6284 Université d'Auvergne-CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Service de Biostatistiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Candice Chauffour
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France; INSERM, UMR 1103, GReD, Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; AMP-CECOS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geoffroy Marceau
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoît Sion
- Laboratoire NEURO-DOL, INSERM U 1107, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hanae Pons-Rejraji
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France; INSERM, UMR 1103, GReD, Aubière, France; AMP-CECOS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Janny
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France; INSERM, UMR 1103, GReD, Aubière, France; AMP-CECOS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H Volle
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France; INSERM, UMR 1103, GReD, Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France; INSERM, UMR 1103, GReD, Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Brugnon
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France; INSERM, UMR 1103, GReD, Aubière, France; AMP-CECOS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Liver X receptors interfere with the deleterious effect of diethylstilbestrol on testicular physiology. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:656-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Huang C. Natural modulators of liver X receptors. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2014; 12:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dupont J, Reverchon M, Bertoldo MJ, Froment P. Nutritional signals and reproduction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:527-537. [PMID: 24084162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is extensive evidence that nutrition influences reproductive function in various mammalian species (agricultural animals, rodents and human). However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between nutrition, energy metabolism and reproductive function are poorly understood. This review considers nutrient sensors as a molecular link between food molecules and consequences for female and male fertility. It focuses on the roles and the molecular mechanisms of some of the relevant hormones, such as insulin and adipokines, and of energy substrates (glucose, fatty acids and amino acids), in the gonadotropic axis (central nervous system and gonads). A greater understanding of the interactions between nutrition and fertility is required for both better management of the physiological processes and the development of new molecules to prevent or cure metabolic diseases and their consequences for fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Dupont
- UMR 7247, INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- UMR 7247, INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Michael J Bertoldo
- UMR 7247, INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- UMR 7247, INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Maqdasy S, Baptissart M, Vega A, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Volle DH. Cholesterol and male fertility: what about orphans and adopted? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:30-46. [PMID: 22766106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The link between cholesterol homeostasis and male fertility has been clearly suggested in patients who suffer from hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome. This has been confirmed by the generation of several transgenic mouse models or in animals fed with high cholesterol diet. Next to the alteration of the endocrine signaling pathways through steroid receptors (androgen and estrogen receptors); "orphan" and "adopted" nuclear receptors, such as the Liver X Receptors (LXRs), the Proliferating Peroxisomal Activated Receptors (PPARs) or the Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (LRH-1), have been involved in this cross-talk. These transcription factors show distinct expression patterns in the male genital tract, explaining the large panel of phenotypes observed in transgenic male mice and highlighting the importance of lipid homesostasis and the complexity of the molecular pathways involved. Increasing our knowledge of the roles of these nuclear receptors in male germ cell differentiation could help in proposing new approaches to either treat infertile men or define new strategies for contraception.
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Manna PR, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Counis R, Garner CW, Huhtaniemi I, Kraemer FB, Stocco DM. Mechanisms of action of hormone-sensitive lipase in mouse Leydig cells: its role in the regulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8505-8518. [PMID: 23362264 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.417873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in steroidogenic tissues and, thus, facilitates cholesterol availability for steroidogenesis. The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) controls the rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis. However, the modes of action of HSL in the regulation of StAR expression remain obscure. We demonstrate in MA-10 mouse Leydig cells that activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, by a cAMP analog Bt2cAMP, enhanced expression of HSL and its phosphorylation (P) at Ser-660 and Ser-563, but not at Ser-565, concomitant with increased HSL activity. Phosphorylation and activation of HSL coincided with increases in StAR, P-StAR (Ser-194), and progesterone levels. Inhibition of HSL activity by CAY10499 effectively suppressed Bt2cAMP-induced StAR expression and progesterone synthesis. Targeted silencing of endogenous HSL, with siRNAs, resulted in increased cholesteryl ester levels and decreased cholesterol content in MA-10 cells. Depletion of HSL affected lipoprotein-derived cellular cholesterol influx, diminished the supply of cholesterol to the mitochondria, and resulted in the repression of StAR and P-StAR levels. Cells overexpressing HSL increased the efficacy of liver X receptor (LXR) ligands on StAR expression and steroid synthesis, suggesting HSL-mediated steroidogenesis entails enhanced oxysterol production. Conversely, cells deficient in LXRs exhibited decreased HSL responsiveness. Furthermore, an increase in HSL was correlated with the LXR target genes, steroid receptor element-binding protein 1c and ATP binding cassette transporter A1, demonstrating HSL-dependent regulation of steroidogenesis predominantly involves LXR signaling. LXRs interact/cooperate with RXRs and result in the activation of StAR gene transcription. These findings provide novel insight and demonstrate the molecular events by which HSL acts to drive cAMP/PKA-mediated regulation of StAR expression and steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R Manna
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Raymond Counis
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Charles W Garner
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Douglas M Stocco
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430.
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Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex developmental program in which a diploid progenitor germ cell transforms into highly specialized spermatozoa. One intriguing aspect of sperm production is the dynamic change in membrane lipid composition that occurs throughout spermatogenesis. Cholesterol content, as well as its intermediates, differs vastly between the male reproductive system and nongonadal tissues. Accumulation of cholesterol precursors such as testis meiosis-activating sterol and desmosterol is observed in testes and spermatozoa from several mammalian species. Moreover, cholesterogenic genes, especially meiosis-activating sterol-producing enzyme cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14α-demethylase, display stage-specific expression patterns during spermatogenesis. Discrepancies in gene expression patterns suggest a complex temporal and cell-type specific regulation of sterol compounds during spermatogenesis, which also involves dynamic interactions between germ and Sertoli cells. The functional importance of sterol compounds in sperm production is further supported by the modulation of sterol composition in spermatozoal membranes during epididymal transit and in the female reproductive tract, which is a prerequisite for successful fertilization. However, the exact role of sterols in male reproduction is unknown. This review discusses sterol dynamics in sperm maturation and describes recent methodological advances that will help to illuminate the complexity of sperm formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Keber
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
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41
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Mlinac K, Fon Tacer K, Heffer M, Rozman D, Bognar SK. Cholesterogenic genes expression in brain and liver of ganglioside-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 369:127-33. [PMID: 22766767 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of changed ganglioside profile on transcription of selected genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. For that purpose, the expression of 11 genes related to cholesterol synthesis, regulation, and cholesterol transport was investigated in selected brain regions (frontal cortex, hippocampus, brain stem, cerebellum) and liver of St8sia1 knockout (KO) mice characterized by deficient synthesis of b- and c-series gangliosides and accumulation of a-series gangliosides. The expression of majority of the analyzed genes, as determined using quantitative real time PCR, was slightly higher in St8sia1 KO compared to wild-type (wt) controls. More prominent changes were observed in Hmgr, Cyp51, and Cyp46 expression in brain (hippocampus and brain stem) and Srebp1a, Insig2a, and Ldlr in liver. In addition, the expression of master transcriptional regulators, Srebp1a, Srebp1c, and Insig2a, as well as transporters Ldlr and Vldlr differed between liver and brain, and within brain regions in wt animals. Cyp46 expression was expectedly brain-specific, with brain region difference in both wt and St8sia1 KO. The established change in transcriptome of cholesterogenic genes is associated to specific alteration of ganglioside composition which indicates relationship between gangliosides and regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mlinac
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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42
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Tartarin P, Guibert E, Touré A, Ouiste C, Leclerc J, Sanz N, Brière S, Dacheux JL, Delaleu B, McNeilly JR, McNeilly AS, Brillard JP, Dupont J, Foretz M, Viollet B, Froment P. Inactivation of AMPKα1 induces asthenozoospermia and alters spermatozoa morphology. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3468-81. [PMID: 22581459 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, is present in metabolic tissues (muscle and liver) and has been identified as a modulator of the female reproductive functions. However, its function in the testis has not yet been clearly defined. We have investigated the potential role of AMPK in male reproduction by using transgenic mice lacking the activity of AMPK catalytic subunit α1 gene [α1AMPK knockout (KO)]. In the testis, the α1AMPK subunit is expressed in germ cells and also in somatic cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells). α1AMPK KO male mice show a decrease in fertility, despite no clear alteration in the testis morphology or sperm production. However, in α1AMPK(-/-) mice, we demonstrate that spermatozoa have structural abnormalities and are less motile than in control mice. These spermatozoa alterations are associated with a 50% decrease in mitochondrial activity, a 60% decrease in basal oxygen consumption, and morphological defects. The α1AMPK KO male mice had high androgen levels associated with a 5- and 3-fold increase in intratesticular cholesterol and testosterone concentrations, respectively. High concentrations of proteins involved in steroid production (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, cytochrome steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lysate, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) were also detected in α1AMPK(-/-) testes. In the pituitary, the LH and FSH concentrations tended to be lower in α1AMPK(-/-) male mice, probably due to the negative feedback of the high testosterone levels. These results suggest that total α1AMPK deficiency in male mice affects androgen production and quality of spermatozoa, leading to a decrease in fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Tartarin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6175, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (Institut National dela Recherche Agronomique/Centre National dela Recherche Scientifique/Université Tours/Haras Nationaux), 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Anxiety in liver X receptor β knockout female mice with loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:7493-8. [PMID: 22529354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205189109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in adolescents in the United States. Female adolescents are more likely than males to be affected with anxiety disorders, but less likely to have behavioral and substance abuse disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, and dorsal raphe are known to be involved in anxiety disorders. Inhibitory input from the PFC to the amygdala controls fear and anxiety typically originating in the amygdala, and disruption of the inhibitory input from the PFC leads to anxiety, fear, and personality changes. Recent studies have implicated liver X receptor β (LXRβ) in key neurodevelopmental processes and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we used elevated plus-maze, startle and prepulse inhibition, open field, and novel object recognition tests to evaluate behavior in female LXRβ KO (LXRβ(-/-)) mice. We found that the female LXRβ(-/-) mice were anxious with impaired behavioral responses but normal locomotion and memory. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed decreased expression of the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis, glutamic acid decarboxylase (65+67), in the ventromedial PFC. Expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in the dorsal raphe was normal. We conclude that the anxiogenic phenotype in female LXRβ(-/-) mice is caused by reduced GABAergic input from the ventromedial PFC to the amygdala.
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Abstract
This work shows that an overload of dietary cholesterol causes complete infertility in dyslipidemic male mice (the Liver X Receptor-deficient mouse model). Infertility resulted from post-testicular defects affecting the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa of cholesterol-fed lxr−/− animals were found to be dramatically less viable and motile, and highly susceptible to undergo a premature acrosome reaction. We also provide evidence, that this lipid-induced infertility is associated with the accelerated appearance of a highly regionalized epididymal phenotype in segments 1 and 2 of the caput epididymidis that was otherwise only observed in aged LXR-deficient males. The epididymal epithelial phenotype is characterized by peritubular accumulation of cholesteryl ester lipid droplets in smooth muscle cells lining the epididymal duct, leading to their transdifferentiation into foam cells that eventually migrate through the duct wall, a situation that resembles the inflammatory atherosclerotic process. These findings establish the high level of susceptibility of epididymal sperm maturation to dietary cholesterol overload and could partly explain reproductive failures encountered by young dyslipidemic men as well as ageing males wishing to reproduce.
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Abstract
Sterol metabolites are critical signaling molecules that regulate metabolism, development, and homeostasis. Oxysterols, bile acids (BAs), and steroids work primarily through cognate sterol-responsive nuclear hormone receptors to control these processes through feed-forward and feedback mechanisms. These signaling pathways are conserved from simple invertebrates to mammals. Indeed, results from various model organisms have yielded fundamental insights into cholesterol and BA homeostasis, lipid and glucose metabolism, protective mechanisms, tissue differentiation, development, reproduction, and even aging. Here, we review how sterols act through evolutionarily ancient mechanisms to control these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Wollam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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46
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Liver X Receptor: an oxysterol sensor and a major player in the control of lipogenesis. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:500-14. [PMID: 21693109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
De novo fatty acid biosynthesis is also called lipogenesis. It is a metabolic pathway that provides the cells with fatty acids required for major cellular processes such as energy storage, membrane structures and lipid signaling. In this article we will review the role of the Liver X Receptors (LXRs), nuclear receptors that sense oxysterols, in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipogenesis.
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47
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El-Hajjaji FZ, Oumeddour A, Pommier AJC, Ouvrier A, Viennois E, Dufour J, Caira F, Drevet JR, Volle DH, Baron S, Saez F, Lobaccaro JMA. Liver X receptors, lipids and their reproductive secrets in the male. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:974-81. [PMID: 21334438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) α and LXRβ belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. For many years, they have been called orphan receptors, as no natural ligand was identified. In the last decade, the LXR natural ligands have been shown to be oxysterols, molecules derived from cholesterol. While these nuclear receptors have been abundantly studied for their roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism, it appears that they also present crucial activities in reproductive organs such as testis and epididymis, as well as prostate. Phenotypic analyses of mice lacking LXRs (lxr-/-) pointed out their physiological activities in the various cells and organs regulating reproductive functions. This review summarizes the impact of LXR-deficiency in male reproduction, highlighting the novel information coming from the phenotypic analyses of lxrα-/-, lxrβ-/- and lxrα;β-/- mice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translating nuclear receptor from health to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatim-Zorah El-Hajjaji
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 6247 Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, F-63171 Aubière, France
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48
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Viennois E, Pommier AJC, Mouzat K, Oumeddour A, Hajjaji FZE, Dufour J, Caira F, Volle DH, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA. Targeting liver X receptors in human health: deadlock or promising trail? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:219-32. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.547853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Abstract
Cholesterol, being the starting point of steroid hormone synthesis, is a long known modulator of both female and male reproductive physiology especially at the level of the gonads and the impact cholesterol has on gametogenesis. Less is known about the effects cholesterol homeostasis may have on postgonadic reproductive functions. Lately, several data have been reported showing how imbalanced cholesterol levels may particularly affect the post-testicular events of sperm maturation that lead to fully fertile male gametes. This review will focus on that aspect and essentially centers on how cholesterol is important for the physiology of the mammalian epididymis and spermatozoa.
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50
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Bełtowski J, Semczuk A. Liver X receptor (LXR) and the reproductive system--a potential novel target for therapeutic intervention. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:15-27. [PMID: 20360612 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) alpha and beta are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in the removal of cholesterol from cells by high-density lipoproteins, the transport of cholesterol to the liver and the biliary excretion of cholesterol. LXRs are activated by oxygenated cholesterol derivatives such as 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol or 24(S)-, 25- and 27-hydroxycholesterol. In this review, we will discuss the role of LXR in the reproductive system and perspectives on the application of LXR agonists in the treatment of reproductive pathologies. Interestingly, progressive age-related impairment of fertility is observed in both female and male LXR knockout mice. Reduced fertility in female LXR knockout mice is associated with resistance to follicular fluid meiosis-activating sterol (FF-MAS), the intermediate of cholesterol synthesis generated in the ovaries that is responsible for stimulating oocyte meiosis partially in a LXR-dependent manner. Female mice lacking both LXR isoforms exhibit symptoms of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome when treated with pharmacological doses of gonadotropins. LXR agonists have mainly been considered as potential anti-atherosclerotic medications. However, experimental studies suggest that natural or synthetic LXR agonists may also effectively treat some reproductive pathologies, such as infertility, impaired uterine contractility, hormone-dependent cancers and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. However, the specific adverse effects of LXR agonists on the reproductive system must also be considered. Adverse effects of LXR agonists include impaired trophoblast invasion, excessive transplacental cholesterol transport from the mother to the fetus leading to fetal hypercholesterolemia, and augmented estrogen deficiency after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Bełtowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
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