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Jiao Z, Xie T, Wang X, Guo D, Lin S, An L, Lin J, Zhang L. Novel Circular RNA CircSLC2A13 Regulates Chicken Muscle Development by Sponging MiR-34a-3p. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15530-15540. [PMID: 38963795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is the major muscle tissue in animals, and its production is subject to a complex and strict regulation. The proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts are important factors determining chicken muscle development. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous RNAs that are widely present in various tissues of organisms. Recent studies have shown that circRNA plays key roles in the development of skeletal muscles. The solute carrier (SLC) family functions in the transport of metabolites such as amino acids, glucose, nucleotides, and essential nutrients and is widely involved in various basic physiological metabolic processes within the body. In this study, we have cloned a novel chicken circular RNA circSLC2A13 generated from the solute carrier family 2 member 13 gene (SLC2A13). Also, circSLC2A1 was confirmed by sequencing verification, RNase R treatment, and reverse transcription analysis. Currently, our results show that circSLC2A13 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of chicken myoblasts. The double luciferase reporter system revealed that circSLC2A13 regulated the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts by competitive binding with miR-34a-3p. In addition, results indicated that circSLC2A13 acts as a miR-34a-3p sponge to relieve its inhibitory effect on the target SMAD3 gene. In summary, this study found that chicken circSLC2A13 can bind to miR-34a-3p and weaken its inhibitory effect on the SMAD family member 3 gene (SMAD3), thereby promoting the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. This study laid foundations for broiler industry and muscle development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Jiao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxue Guo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Shudai Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Lilong An
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyuan Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088 Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China
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2
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Zeki NM, Mustafa YF. Natural linear coumarin-heterocyclic conjugates: A review of their roles in phytotherapy. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105929. [PMID: 38548026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Heterocycle conjugates provide a fresh investigative scope to find novel molecules with enhanced phytotherapeutic characteristics. Coumarin-based products are widely used in the synthesis of several compounds with biological and medicinal properties since they are naturally occurring heterocycles with a broad dispersion. The investigation of coumarin-based phytochemicals with annulated heterocyclic rings is a promising approach to discovering novel conjugates with significant phytotherapeutic attributes. Due to the applicable coumarin extraction processes, a range of linear coumarin-heterocyclic conjugates were isolated from different natural resources and exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights the phytotherapeutic potential and origins of various natural linear coumarin-heterocyclic conjugates. We searched several databases, including Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, Google Scholar, and PubMed. After sieving, we ultimately identified and included 118 pertinent studies published between 2000 and the middle of 2023. This will inspire medicinal chemists with extremely insightful ideas for designing and synthesizing therapeutically active lead compounds in the future that are built on the pharmacophores of coumarin-heterocyclic conjugates and have significant therapeutic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nameer Mazin Zeki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ninevah University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
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3
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Lu B, Chen X, Ma Y, Gui M, Yao L, Li J, Wang M, Zhou X, Fu D. So close, yet so far away: the relationship between MAM and cardiac disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1353533. [PMID: 38374992 PMCID: PMC10875081 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1353533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) serve as crucial contact sites between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent research has highlighted the significance of MAM, which serve as a platform for various protein molecules, in processes such as calcium signaling, ATP production, mitochondrial structure and function, and autophagy. Cardiac diseases caused by any reason can lead to changes in myocardial structure and function, significantly impacting human health. Notably, MAM exhibits various regulatory effects to maintain cellular balance in several cardiac diseases conditions, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiotoxicity. MAM proteins independently or interact with their counterparts, forming essential tethers between the ER and mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. This review provides an overview of key MAM regulators, detailing their structure and functions. Additionally, it explores the connection between MAM and various cardiac injuries, suggesting that precise genetic, pharmacological, and physical regulation of MAM may be a promising strategy for preventing and treating heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingtai Gui
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunjie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Vásquez-Trincado C, Navarro-Márquez M, Morales PE, Westermeier F, Chiong M, Parra V, Espinosa A, Lavandero S. Myristate induces mitochondrial fragmentation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MUL1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1072315. [PMID: 37051468 PMCID: PMC10083258 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1072315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases, especially metabolic-related disorders, are progressively growing worldwide due to high-fat-containing foods, which promote a deleterious response at the cellular level, termed lipotoxicity, or lipotoxic stress. At the cardiac level, saturated fatty acids have been directly associated with cardiomyocyte lipotoxicity through various pathological mechanisms involving mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and ceramide production, among others. However, integrative regulators connecting saturated fatty acid-derived lipotoxic stress to mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte dysfunction remain elusive.Methods: Here, we worked with a cardiomyocyte lipotoxicity model, which uses the saturated fatty acid myristate, which promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and insulin desensitization.Results: Using this model, we detected an increase in the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase, MUL1, a mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of growth factor signaling, cell death, and, notably, mitochondrial dynamics. In this context, myristate increased MUL1 levels and induced mitochondrial fragmentation, associated with the decrease of the mitochondrial fusion protein MFN2, and with the increase of the mitochondrial fission protein DRP1, two targets of MUL1. Silencing of MUL1 prevented myristate-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Discussion: These data establish a novel connection between cardiomyocytes and lipotoxic stress, characterized by hypertrophy and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, and an increase of the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MUL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Vásquez-Trincado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Navarro-Márquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E. Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Sergio Lavandero,
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5
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Doss V, Kuberapandian D. Identification of metabolite shifts and early serum predictors for indicators of remodelling in diabetes and nondiabetic models of cardiac hypertrophy. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_323_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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6
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Demydenko K, Ekhteraei-Tousi S, Roderick HL. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in cardiomyocyte physiology and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210319. [PMID: 36189803 PMCID: PMC9527928 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The contraction of cardiac muscle underlying the pumping action of the heart is mediated by the process of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). While triggered by Ca2+ entry across the sarcolemma during the action potential, it is the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) intracellular Ca2+ store via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) that plays the major role in induction of contraction. Ca2+ also acts as a key intracellular messenger regulating transcription underlying hypertrophic growth. Although Ca2+ release via RyRs is by far the greatest contributor to the generation of Ca2+ transients in the cardiomyocyte, Ca2+ is also released from the SR via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors (InsP3Rs). This InsP3-induced Ca2+ release modifies Ca2+ transients during ECC, participates in directing Ca2+ to the mitochondria, and stimulates the transcription of genes underlying hypertrophic growth. Central to these specific actions of InsP3Rs is their localization to responsible signalling microdomains, the dyad, the SR-mitochondrial interface and the nucleus. In this review, the various roles of InsP3R in cardiac (patho)physiology and the mechanisms by which InsP3 signalling selectively influences the different cardiomyocyte cell processes in which it is involved will be presented. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Demydenko
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samaneh Ekhteraei-Tousi
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Koh JH, Kim YW, Seo DY, Sohn TS. Mitochondrial TFAM as a Signaling Regulator between Cellular Organelles: A Perspective on Metabolic Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:853-865. [PMID: 34847642 PMCID: PMC8640147 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues actively involved in energy metabolism are more likely to face metabolic challenges from bioenergetic substrates and are susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to metabolic diseases. The mitochondria receive signals regarding the metabolic states in cells and transmit them to the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using calcium (Ca2+) for appropriate responses. Overflux of Ca2+ in the mitochondria or dysregulation of the signaling to the nucleus and ER could increase the incidence of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) may regulate Ca2+ flux via changing the mitochondrial membrane potential and signals to other organelles such as the nucleus and ER. Since Tfam is involved in metabolic function in the mitochondria, here, we discuss the contribution of Tfam in coordinating mitochondria-ER activities for Ca2+ flux and describe the mechanisms by which Tfam affects mitochondrial Ca2+ flux in response to metabolic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Koh
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Jin-Ho Koh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-4399 Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchungro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea E-mail:
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Yun Seo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Seo Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Tae-Seo Shon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3290 Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Korea E-mail:
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8
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Complexin-2 redistributes to the membrane of muscle cells in response to insulin and contributes to GLUT4 translocation. Biochem J 2021; 478:407-422. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle cells by rapidly redistributing vesicles containing GLUT4 glucose transporters from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane (PM). GLUT4 vesicle fusion requires the formation of SNARE complexes between vesicular VAMP and PM syntaxin4 and SNAP23. SNARE accessory proteins usually regulate vesicle fusion processes. Complexins aide in neuro-secretory vesicle-membrane fusion by stabilizing trans-SNARE complexes but their participation in GLUT4 vesicle fusion is unknown. We report that complexin-2 is expressed and homogeneously distributed in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. Upon insulin stimulation, a cohort of complexin-2 redistributes to the PM. Complexin-2 knockdown markedly inhibited GLUT4 translocation without affecting proximal insulin signalling of Akt/PKB phosphorylation and actin fiber remodelling. Similarly, complexin-2 overexpression decreased maximal GLUT4 translocation suggesting that the concentration of complexin-2 is finely tuned to vesicle fusion. These findings reveal an insulin-dependent regulation of GLUT4 insertion into the PM involving complexin-2.
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9
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Suhariningsih S, Astuti SD, Husen SA, Winarni D, Rahmawati DA, Mukti AT, Putra AP, Miftahussurur M. The combined effect of magnetic and electric fields using on/off infrared light on the blood sugar level and the diameter of Langerhans islets of diabetic mice. Vet World 2020; 13:2286-2293. [PMID: 33281368 PMCID: PMC7704297 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2286-2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim At present, diabetes is treated with oral antidiabetic medicines, such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidine, as well as insulin injection. However, these methods have several shortcomings. Therefore, alternatives for treating diabetes mellitus (DM) are needed. This study aims to determine the combined effect of magnetic and electric fields on blood sugar levels and the diameter of Langerhans islets of diabetic mice. Materials and Methods Induction of DM in mice was carried out by administering lard for 2 weeks and continued with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, dissolved in a 4.5 pH citrate buffer, and administered in a dose of 30 mg/kg bodyweight for 5 days. Treatments were used in combination with magnetic and electric fields using on/off infrared light. Blood samples were pipetted through the tip of mice's tails to establish the blood sugar level for each individual mouse. Histology preparation of the pancreas organ was affected using the histology standard as well as hematoxylin and eosin staining methods. Langerhans islet diameter data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test. Data analysis was performed at ssssssss=0.05. Results The results showed that the combined treatment of permanent magnetic and unidirectional electric fields (PS) caused changes in blood sugar levels that were not significantly different from the normal control group. The PS treatment improved the diameter of the Langerhans islets but not to a significant degree compared to other treatments. Conclusion The use of PS treatment is effective for reducing the blood sugar levels of diabetic mice and improving the diameter of their Langerhans islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suhariningsih
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Biophysics and Medical Physics Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Suryani Dyah Astuti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Biophysics and Medical Physics Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Saikhu Akhmad Husen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Winarni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Dian Astri Rahmawati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Taufiq Mukti
- Department of Fish Health Management and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Alfian Pramudita Putra
- Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Biomedical Signals and Systems Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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10
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Wende AR, Schell JC, Ha CM, Pepin ME, Khalimonchuk O, Schwertz H, Pereira RO, Brahma MK, Tuinei J, Contreras-Ferrat A, Wang L, Andrizzi CA, Olsen CD, Bradley WE, Dell'Italia LJ, Dillmann WH, Litwin SE, Abel ED. Maintaining Myocardial Glucose Utilization in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Accelerates Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Diabetes 2020; 69:2094-2111. [PMID: 32366681 PMCID: PMC7506832 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac glucose uptake and oxidation are reduced in diabetes despite hyperglycemia. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to heart failure in diabetes. It is unclear whether these changes are adaptive or maladaptive. To directly evaluate the relationship between glucose delivery and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy, we generated transgenic mice with inducible cardiomyocyte-specific expression of the GLUT4. We examined mice rendered hyperglycemic following low-dose streptozotocin prior to increasing cardiomyocyte glucose uptake by transgene induction. Enhanced myocardial glucose in nondiabetic mice decreased mitochondrial ATP generation and was associated with echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction. Increasing myocardial glucose delivery after short-term diabetes onset exacerbated mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the largest changes, driven by glucose and diabetes, were in genes involved in mitochondrial function. This glucose-dependent transcriptional repression was in part mediated by O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription factor Sp1. Increased glucose uptake induced direct O-GlcNAcylation of many electron transport chain subunits and other mitochondrial proteins. These findings identify mitochondria as a major target of glucotoxicity. They also suggest that reduced glucose utilization in diabetic cardiomyopathy might defend against glucotoxicity and caution that restoring glucose delivery to the heart in the context of diabetes could accelerate mitochondrial dysfunction by disrupting protective metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John C Schell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Chae-Myeong Ha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark E Pepin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - Hansjörg Schwertz
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, and Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Renata O Pereira
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Manoja K Brahma
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Joseph Tuinei
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Li Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Chase A Andrizzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Curtis D Olsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Sheldon E Litwin
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Division of Cardiology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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11
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Sotomayor-Flores C, Rivera-Mejías P, Vásquez-Trincado C, López-Crisosto C, Morales PE, Pennanen C, Polakovicova I, Aliaga-Tobar V, García L, Roa JC, Rothermel BA, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Ho-Xuan H, Meister G, Chiong M, Ocaranza MP, Corvalán AH, Parra V, Lavandero S. Angiotensin-(1-9) prevents cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by controlling mitochondrial dynamics via miR-129-3p/PKIA pathway. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2586-2604. [PMID: 32152556 PMCID: PMC7429871 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-9) is a peptide from the noncanonical renin-angiotensin system with anti-hypertrophic effects in cardiomyocytes via an unknown mechanism. In the present study we aimed to elucidate it, basing us initially on previous work from our group and colleagues who proved a relationship between disturbances in mitochondrial morphology and calcium handling, associated with the setting of cardiac hypertrophy. Our first finding was that angiotensin-(1-9) can induce mitochondrial fusion through DRP1 phosphorylation. Secondly, angiotensin-(1-9) blocked mitochondrial fission and intracellular calcium dysregulation in a model of norepinephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, preventing the activation of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. To further investigate angiotensin-(1-9) anti-hypertrophic mechanism, we performed RNA-seq studies, identifying the upregulation of miR-129 under angiotensin-(1-9) treatment. miR-129 decreased the transcript levels of the protein kinase A inhibitor (PKIA), resulting in the activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. Finally, we showed that PKA activity is necessary for the effects of angiotensin-(1-9) over mitochondrial dynamics, calcium handling and its anti-hypertrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sotomayor-Flores
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Rivera-Mejías
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Vásquez-Trincado
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila López-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Pennanen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iva Polakovicova
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Aliaga-Tobar
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Departamento de Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hung Ho-Xuan
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDH), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Network for the Study of High-Lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile.
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12
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The effect of electric field, magnetic field, and infrared ray combination to reduce HOMA-IR index and GLUT 4 in diabetic model of Mus musculus. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:1315-1321. [PMID: 31741149 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is mainly featured by low cell sensitivity towards insulin stimulation, caused by ectopic fat storage. Insulin resistance can be quantified from high number of HOMA-IR index and observed from glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) translocation on membrane of skeletal muscle cells. Combined treatment of electric field, magnetic field, and infrared ray have potential to reduce insulin resistance due to improving blood circulation and increasing intracellular Ca2+ level. The aim of study was to determine the effect of electric field, magnetic field, and infrared ray combination to lower insulin resistance in the type II diabetic model of Mus musculus. This study used 30 adult male mice strain BALB/c. Diabetes was induced using high-fat diet/streptozotocin method until random blood glucose level reached > 200 mg/dL. Diabetic mice were then exposed to electrical field (static and dynamic), magnetic field (static and induce), and infrared ray (with or without infrared ray) combination therapy 15 min daily for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, HOMA-IR index, and membrane GLUT-4 density after treatment were analyzed statistically at α = 0.05. Result showed that exposure combination of electrical field, magnetic field, and infrared were found to be able to lower fasting blood glucose level and HOMA-IR index significantly, but plasma insulin level and GLUT-4 density were not found to be significantly different compared to diabetic control. Based on current study result, the best combination for reducing insulin resistance in diabetic mice is BsEsI (combination of static magnetic field (Bs), static electric field (Es), with infrared (I)), indicated by lowest HOMA-IR compared to other groups. Exposure to combination of magnetic field, electrical field, and infrared resulted in lowering fasting blood glucose level and HOMA-IR index in diabetic mice, indicating reduced insulin resistance.
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13
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Zhao P, Tian D, Song G, Ming Q, Liu J, Shen J, Liu QH, Yang X. Neferine Promotes GLUT4 Expression and Fusion With the Plasma Membrane to Induce Glucose Uptake in L6 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:999. [PMID: 31551792 PMCID: PMC6737894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is involved in regulating glucose uptake in striated muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Neferine is a dibenzyl isoquinoline alkaloid derived from dietary lotus seeds and has multiple pharmacological effects. Therefore, this study investigated neferine’s role in glucose translocation to cell surface, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 expression. In our study, neferine upregulated GLUT4 expression, induced GLUT4 plasma membrane fusion, increased intracellular Ca2+, promoted glucose uptake, and alleviated insulin resistance in L6 cells. Furthermore, neferine significantly activated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase C (PKC). AMPK and PKC inhibitors blocked neferine-induced GLUT4 expression and increased intracellular Ca2+. While neferine-induced GLUT4 expression and intracellular Ca2+ were inhibited by G protein and PLC inhibitors, only intracellular Ca2+ was inhibited by inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitors. Thus, neferine promoted GLUT4 expression via the G protein-PLC-PKC and AMPK pathways, inducing GLUT4 plasma membrane fusion and subsequent glucose uptake and increasing intracellular Ca2+ through the G protein-PLC-IP3-IP3R pathway. Treatment with 0 mM extracellular Ca2+ + Ca2+ chelator did not inhibit neferine-induced GLUT4 expression but blocked neferine-induced GLUT4 plasma membrane fusion and glucose uptake, suggesting the latter two are Ca2+-dependent. Therefore, we conclude that neferine is a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Tian
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanjun Song
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Ming
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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14
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Zhao P, Ming Q, Qiu J, Tian D, Liu J, Shen J, Liu QH, Yang X. Ethanolic Extract of Folium Sennae Mediates the Glucose Uptake of L6 Cells by GLUT4 and Ca 2. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112934. [PMID: 30424024 PMCID: PMC6278344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In today’s world, diabetes mellitus (DM) is on the rise, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by insulin resistance. T2DM has high morbidity, and therapies with natural products have attracted much attention in the recent past. In this paper, we aimed to study the hypoglycemic effect and the mechanism of an ethanolic extract of Folium Sennae (FSE) on L6 cells. The glucose uptake of L6 cells was investigated using a glucose assay kit. We studied glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation levels using western blot analysis. GLUT4 trafficking and intracellular Ca2+ levels were monitored by laser confocal microscopy in L6 cells stably expressing IRAP-mOrange. GLUT4 fusion with plasma membrane (PM) was observed by myc-GLUT4-mOrange. FSE stimulated glucose uptake; GLUT4 expression and translocation; PM fusion; intracellular Ca2+ elevation; and the phosphorylation of AMPK, Akt, and PKC in L6 cells. GLUT4 translocation was weakened by the AMPK inhibitor compound C, PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin, PKC inhibitor Gö6983, G protein inhibitor PTX/Gallein, and PLC inhibitor U73122. Similarly, in addition to PTX/Gallein and U73122, the IP3R inhibitor 2-APB and a 0 mM Ca2+-EGTA solution partially inhibited the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. BAPTA-AM had a significant inhibitory effect on FSE-mediated GLUT4 activities. In summary, FSE regulates GLUT4 expression and translocation by activating the AMPK, PI3K/Akt, and G protein–PLC–PKC pathways. FSE causes increasing Ca2+ concentration to complete the fusion of GLUT4 vesicles with PM, allowing glucose uptake. Therefore, FSE may be a potential drug for improving T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qian Ming
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Junying Qiu
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Di Tian
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
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15
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Valladares D, Utreras-Mendoza Y, Campos C, Morales C, Diaz-Vegas A, Contreras-Ferrat A, Westermeier F, Jaimovich E, Marchi S, Pinton P, Lavandero S. IP 3 receptor blockade restores autophagy and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle fibers of dystrophic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3685-3695. [PMID: 30251688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by a severe and progressive destruction of muscle fibers associated with altered Ca2+ homeostasis. We have previously shown that the IP3 receptor (IP3R) plays a role in elevating basal cytoplasmic Ca2+ and that pharmacological blockade of IP3R restores muscle function. Moreover, we have shown that the IP3R pathway negatively regulates autophagy by controlling mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether IP3R is involved in abnormal mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial dynamics, or autophagy and mitophagy observed in adult DMD skeletal muscle. Here, we show that the elevated basal autophagy and autophagic flux levels were normalized when IP3R was downregulated in mdx fibers. Pharmacological blockade of IP3R in mdx fibers restored both increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and mitochondrial membrane potential under resting conditions. Interestingly, mdx mitochondria changed from a fission to an elongated state after IP3R knockdown, and the elevated mitophagy levels in mdx fibers were normalized. To our knowledge, this is the first study associating IP3R1 activity with changes in autophagy, mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy in adult mouse skeletal muscle. Moreover, these results suggest that increased IP3R activity in mdx fibers plays an important role in the pathophysiology of DMD. Overall, these results lead us to propose the use of specific IP3R blockers as a new pharmacological treatment for DMD, given their ability to restore both autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Valladares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Yildy Utreras-Mendoza
- Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Cristian Campos
- Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Camilo Morales
- Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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16
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Navarro-Marquez M, Torrealba N, Troncoso R, Vásquez-Trincado C, Rodriguez M, Morales PE, Villalobos E, Eura Y, Garcia L, Chiong M, Klip A, Jaimovich E, Kokame K, Lavandero S. Herpud1 impacts insulin-dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by controlling the Ca2+-calcineurin-Akt axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1653-1662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Wang CH, Wei YH. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca 2+ homeostasis in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:70. [PMID: 28882140 PMCID: PMC5588717 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance have attracted great attention from biomedical researchers and clinicians because of the astonishing increase in its prevalence. Decrease in the capacity of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are a major contributor to the development of these metabolic disorders. Recent studies indicate that alteration of intracellular Ca2+ levels and downstream Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways appear to modulate gene transcription and the activities of many enzymes involved in cellular metabolism. Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria modulates a number of Ca2+-dependent proteins and enzymes participating in fatty acids metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis in response to physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex has been identified as a major channel located on the inner membrane to regulate Ca2+ transport into mitochondria. Recent studies of MCU complex have increased our understanding of the modulation of mitochondrial function and retrograde signaling to the nucleus via regulation of the mitochondrial Ca2+ level. Mitochondria couple cellular metabolic state by regulating not only their own Ca2+ levels, but also influence the entire network of cellular Ca2+ signaling. The mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which are specialized structures between ER and mitochondria, are responsible for efficient communication between these organelles. Defects in the function or structure of MAMs have been observed in affected tissue cells in metabolic disease or neurodegenerative disorders. We demonstrated that dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis due to mitochondrial dysfunction or defects in the function of MAMs are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin insensitivity and T2D. These observations suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis warrant further studies to assist the development of therapeutics for prevention and medication of insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 176, 6th Floor, Zhonghua Rd, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 176, 6th Floor, Zhonghua Rd, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, Sanzhi, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.
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18
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Jaldin-Fincati JR, Pavarotti M, Frendo-Cumbo S, Bilan PJ, Klip A. Update on GLUT4 Vesicle Traffic: A Cornerstone of Insulin Action. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:597-611. [PMID: 28602209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transport is rate limiting for dietary glucose utilization by muscle and fat. The glucose transporter GLUT4 is dynamically sorted and retained intracellularly and redistributes to the plasma membrane (PM) by insulin-regulated vesicular traffic, or 'GLUT4 translocation'. Here we emphasize recent findings in GLUT4 translocation research. The application of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has increased our understanding of insulin-regulated events beneath the PM, such as vesicle tethering and membrane fusion. We describe recent findings on Akt-targeted Rab GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) (TBC1D1, TBC1D4, TBC1D13) and downstream Rab GTPases (Rab8a, Rab10, Rab13, Rab14, and their effectors) along with the input of Rac1 and actin filaments, molecular motors [myosinVa (MyoVa), myosin1c (Myo1c), myosinIIA (MyoIIA)], and membrane fusion regulators (syntaxin4, munc18c, Doc2b). Collectively these findings reveal novel events in insulin-regulated GLUT4 traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Pavarotti
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada; IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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19
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Fu Q, Wang Q, Xiang YK. Insulin and β Adrenergic Receptor Signaling: Crosstalk in Heart. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:416-427. [PMID: 28256297 PMCID: PMC5535765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances show that insulin may affect β adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling in the heart to modulate cardiac function in clinically relevant states, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF). Conversely, activation of βAR regulates cardiac glucose uptake and promotes insulin resistance (IR) in HF. Here, we discuss the recent characterization of the interaction between the cardiac insulin receptor (InsR) and βAR in the myocardium, in which insulin stimulation crosstalks with cardiac βAR via InsR substrate (IRS)-dependent and G-protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2)-mediated phosphorylation of β2AR. The insulin-induced phosphorylation promotes β2AR coupling to Gi and expression of phosphodiesterase 4D, which both inhibit cardiac adrenergic signaling and compromise cardiac contractile function. These recent developments could support new approaches for the effective prevention or treatment of obesity- or DM-related HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
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20
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García-Rúa V, Feijóo-Bandín S, García-Vence M, Aragón-Herrera A, Bravo SB, Rodríguez-Penas D, Mosquera-Leal A, Lear PV, Parrington J, Alonso J, Roselló-Lletí E, Portolés M, Rivera M, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F. Metabolic alterations derived from absence of Two-Pore Channel 1 at cardiac level. J Biosci 2016; 41:643-658. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Westermeier F, Riquelme JA, Pavez M, Garrido V, Díaz A, Verdejo HE, Castro PF, García L, Lavandero S. New Molecular Insights of Insulin in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:125. [PMID: 27148064 PMCID: PMC4828458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Cardiovascular disorders generated as a consequence of T2DM are a major cause of death related to this disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by the morphological, functional and metabolic changes in the heart produced as a complication of T2DM. This cardiac disorder is characterized by constant high blood glucose and lipids levels which eventually generate oxidative stress, defective calcium handling, altered mitochondrial function, inflammation and fibrosis. In this context, insulin is of paramount importance for cardiac contractility, growth and metabolism and therefore, an impaired insulin signaling plays a critical role in the DCM development. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to DCM are still a matter of study. Despite the numerous questions raised in the study of DCM, there have also been important findings, such as the role of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which can not only have the potential of being important biomarkers, but also therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exosomes also arise as an interesting variable to consider, since they represent an important inter-cellular communication mechanism and therefore, they may explain many aspects of the pathophysiology of DCM and their study may lead to the development of therapeutic agents capable of improving insulin signaling. In addition, adenosine and adenosine receptors (ARs) may also play an important role in DCM. Moreover, the possible cross-talk between insulin and ARs may provide new strategies to reverse its defective signaling in the diabetic heart. This review focuses on DCM, the role of insulin in this pathology and the discussion of new molecular insights which may help to understand its underlying mechanisms and generate possible new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Westermeier
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Pavez
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Garrido
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Díaz
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
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22
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Abstract
The heart is adapted to utilize all classes of substrates to meet the high-energy demand, and it tightly regulates its substrate utilization in response to environmental changes. Although fatty acids are known as the predominant fuel for the adult heart at resting stage, the heart switches its substrate preference toward glucose during stress conditions such as ischemia and pathological hypertrophy. Notably, increasing evidence suggests that the loss of metabolic flexibility associated with increased reliance on glucose utilization contribute to the development of cardiac dysfunction. The changes in glucose metabolism in hypertrophied hearts include altered glucose transport and increased glycolysis. Despite the role of glucose as an energy source, changes in other nonenergy producing pathways related to glucose metabolism, such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and pentose phosphate pathway, are also observed in the diseased hearts. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the regulation of glucose transporter expression and translocation in the heart during physiological and pathological conditions. It also discusses the signaling mechanisms governing glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes, as well as the changes of cardiac glucose metabolism under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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23
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Wang CH, Tsai TF, Wei YH. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis in insulin insensitivity of mammalian cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015. [PMID: 26214798 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play an important role in the maintenance of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, and their defects may be etiological factors contributing to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent studies indicate that alterations of Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+) -dependent signaling pathways can impede the insulin signaling cascade, resulting in insulin resistance of β cells and insulin-responsive cells. Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are essential for efficient communication between the ER and mitochondria. Thus, abnormalities in the structure and function of MAMs in affected tissue cells in T2D are an important area of study. Recently, we demonstrated that a deficiency of Cisd2, an iron-sulfur protein localized on MAMs, could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbance of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Moreover, we first elucidated that defects in the function of MAMs in Ca(2+) uptake resulted in insulin insensitivity of adipocytes, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in Cisd2 knockout mice. On the basis of these observations, we suggest improving the bioenergetic function of mitochondria and the function of MAMs in maintaining Ca(2+) homeostasis as a novel strategy for the development of new therapeutics aimed at preventing and treating insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Sanzhi, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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24
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López-Crisosto C, Bravo-Sagua R, Rodriguez-Peña M, Mera C, Castro PF, Quest AFG, Rothermel BA, Cifuentes M, Lavandero S. ER-to-mitochondria miscommunication and metabolic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2096-105. [PMID: 26171812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain a variety of subcellular organelles, each of which performs unique tasks. Thus follows that in order to coordinate these different intracellular functions, a highly dynamic system of communication must exist between the various compartments. Direct endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria communication is facilitated by the physical interaction of their membranes in dedicated structural domains known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), which facilitate calcium (Ca(2+)) and lipid transfer between organelles and also act as platforms for signaling. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of MAM in ensuring correct function of both organelles, and recently MAMs have been implicated in the genesis of various human diseases. Here, we review the salient structural features of interorganellar communication via MAM and discuss the most common experimental techniques employed to assess functionality of these domains. Finally, we will highlight the contribution of MAM to a variety of cellular functions and consider the potential role of MAM in the genesis of metabolic diseases. In doing so, the importance for cell functions of maintaining appropriate communication between ER and mitochondria will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila López-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rodriguez-Peña
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Claudia Mera
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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25
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Singh PK, Shrivastava AK, Chatterjee A, Pandey S, Rai S, Singh S, Rai LC. Cadmium toxicity in diazotrophic Anabaena spp. adjudged by hasty up-accumulation of transporter and signaling and severe down-accumulation of nitrogen metabolism proteins. J Proteomics 2015; 127:134-46. [PMID: 26021478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Present study demonstrates interspecies variation in proteome and survival strategy of three Anabaena species i.e., Anabaena L31, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Anabaena doliolum subjected to respective LC50 doses of Cd at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7day intervals. The proteome coverage with 452 differentially accumulated proteins unveiled species and time specific expression and interaction network of proteins involved in important cellular functions. Statistical analysis of protein abundance across Cd-treated proteomes clustered their co-expression pattern into four groups viz., (i) early (days 1 and 3) accumulated proteins, (ii) proteins up-accumulated for longer duration, (iii) late (days 5 and 7) accumulated proteins, and (iv) mostly down-accumulated proteins. Appreciable growth of Cd treated A L31 over other two species may be ascribed to proteins contained in the first and second groups (belonging to energy and carbohydrate metabolism (TK, G6-PI, PGD, FBA, PPA, ATP synthase)), sulfur metabolism (GR, GST, PGDH, PAPS reductase, GDC-P, and SAM synthetase), fatty acid metabolism (AspD, PspA, SQD-1), phosphorous metabolism (PhoD, PstB and SQD1), molecular chaperones (Gro-EL, FKBP-type peptidylprolyl isomerase), and antioxidative defense enzymes (SOD-A, catalase). Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 harboring proteins largely from the third group qualified as a late accumulator and A. doliolum housing majority of proteins from the fourth group emerged as the most sensitive species. Thus early up-accumulation of transporter and signaling category proteins and drastic reduction of nitrogen assimilation proteins could be taken as a vital indicator of cadmium toxicity in Anabaena spp. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Alok Kumar Shrivastava
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Antra Chatterjee
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sarita Pandey
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Snigdha Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shilpi Singh
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - L C Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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26
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Park DR, Park KH, Kim BJ, Yoon CS, Kim UH. Exercise ameliorates insulin resistance via Ca2+ signals distinct from those of insulin for GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles. Diabetes 2015; 64:1224-34. [PMID: 25409702 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction and insulin induce glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through GLUT4 membrane translocation. Beneficial effects of exercise on glucose homeostasis in insulin-resistant individuals are known to be due to their distinct mechanism between contraction and insulin action on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here we show that in skeletal muscle, distinct Ca(2+) second messengers regulate GLUT4 translocation by contraction and insulin treatment; d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and cyclic ADP-ribose/NAADP are main players for insulin- and contraction-induced glucose uptake, respectively. Different patterns of phosphorylation of AMPK and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II were shown in electrical stimuli (ES)- and insulin-induced glucose uptake pathways. ES-induced Ca(2+) signals and glucose uptake are dependent on glycolysis, which influences formation of NAD(P)-derived signaling messengers, whereas insulin-induced signals are not. High-fat diet (HFD) induced a defect in only insulin-mediated, but not ES-mediated, Ca(2+) signaling for glucose uptake, which is related to a specifically lower NAADP formation. Exercise decreases blood glucose levels in HFD-induced insulin resistance mice via NAADP formation. Thus we conclude that different usage of Ca(2+) signaling in contraction/insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle may account for the mechanism by which exercise ameliorates glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Ryoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chung-Su Yoon
- Department of Physical Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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27
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Waller AP, Kalyanasundaram A, Hayes S, Periasamy M, Lacombe VA. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump is a major regulator of glucose transport in the healthy and diabetic heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:873-81. [PMID: 25615793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, the pathways that mediate calcium (Ca(2+))-stimulated glucose transport in striated muscle remain elusive. Since the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump tightly regulates cytosolic [Ca(2+)], we investigated whether the SERCA pump is a major regulator of cardiac glucose transport. We used healthy and insulin-deficient diabetic transgenic (TG) mice expressing SERCA1a in the heart. Active cell surface glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 was measured by a biotinylated photolabeled assay in the intact perfused myocardium and isolated myocytes. In healthy TG mice, cardiac-specific SERCA1a expression increased active cell-surface GLUT4 and glucose uptake in the myocardium, as well as whole body glucose tolerance. Diabetes reduced active cell-surface GLUT4 content and glucose uptake in the heart of wild type mice, all of which were preserved in diabetic TG mice. Decreased basal AS160 and increased proportion of calmodulin-bound AS160 paralleled the increase in cell surface GLUT4 content in the heart of TG mice, suggesting that AS160 regulates GLUT trafficking by a Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent pathway. In addition, cardiac-specific SERCA1a expression partially rescues hyperglycemia during diabetes. Collectively, these data suggested that the SERCA pump is a major regulator of cardiac glucose transport by an AS160 dependent mechanism during healthy and insulin-deficient state. Our data further indicated that cardiac-specific SERCA overexpression rescues diabetes induced-alterations in cardiac glucose transport and improves whole body glucose homeostasis. Therefore, findings from this study provide novel mechanistic insights linking upregulation of the SERCA pump in the heart as a potential therapeutic target to improve glucose metabolism during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuradha Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Summer Hayes
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, USA; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Véronique A Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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28
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Gutiérrez T, Parra V, Troncoso R, Pennanen C, Contreras-Ferrat A, Vasquez-Trincado C, Morales PE, Lopez-Crisosto C, Sotomayor-Flores C, Chiong M, Rothermel BA, Lavandero S. Alteration in mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake disrupts insulin signaling in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:68. [PMID: 25376904 PMCID: PMC4234850 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by alterations in both cardiac bioenergetics and insulin sensitivity. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes and its use as a substrate for glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation in order to maintain the high cardiac energy demands. Insulin stimulates Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum, however, how this translates to changes in mitochondrial metabolism in either healthy or hypertrophic cardiomyocytes is not fully understood. RESULTS In the present study we investigated insulin-dependent mitochondrial Ca(2+) signaling in normal and norepinephrine or insulin like growth factor-1-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Using mitochondrion-selective Ca(2+)-fluorescent probes we showed that insulin increases mitochondrial Ca(2+) levels. This signal was inhibited by the pharmacological blockade of either the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor or the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter, as well as by siRNA-dependent mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter knockdown. Norepinephrine-stimulated cardiomyocytes showed a significant decrease in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contacts compared to either control or insulin like growth factor-1-stimulated cells. This resulted in a reduction in mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, Akt activation, glucose uptake and oxygen consumption in response to insulin. Blocking mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake was sufficient to mimic the effect of norepinephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy on insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake is a key event in insulin signaling and metabolism in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Gutiérrez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8573, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile.
| | - Christian Pennanen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Institute for Research in Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - César Vasquez-Trincado
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Camila Lopez-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Cristian Sotomayor-Flores
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8573, USA.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8573, USA.
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 838049, Chile.
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29
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Ibarra C, Vicencio JM, Varas-Godoy M, Jaimovich E, Rothermel BA, Uhlén P, Hill JA, Lavandero S. An integrated mechanism of cardiomyocyte nuclear Ca(2+) signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:40-8. [PMID: 24997440 PMCID: PMC4626248 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, Ca(2+) plays a central role in governing both contraction and signaling events that regulate gene expression. Current evidence indicates that discrimination between these two critical functions is achieved by segregating Ca(2+) within subcellular microdomains: transcription is regulated by Ca(2+) release within nuclear microdomains, and excitation-contraction coupling is regulated by cytosolic Ca(2+). Accordingly, a variety of agonists that control cardiomyocyte gene expression, such as endothelin-1, angiotensin-II or insulin-like growth factor-1, share the feature of triggering nuclear Ca(2+) signals. However, signaling pathways coupling surface receptor activation to nuclear Ca(2+) release, and the phenotypic responses to such signals, differ between agonists. According to earlier hypotheses, the selective control of nuclear Ca(2+) signals by activation of plasma membrane receptors relies on the strategic localization of inositol trisphosphate receptors at the nuclear envelope. There, they mediate Ca(2+) release from perinuclear Ca(2+) stores upon binding of inositol trisphosphate generated in the cytosol, which diffuses into the nucleus. More recently, identification of such receptors at nuclear membranes or perinuclear sarcolemmal invaginations has uncovered novel mechanisms whereby agonists control nuclear Ca(2+) release. In this review, we discuss mechanisms for the selective control of nuclear Ca(2+) signals with special focus on emerging models of agonist receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Ibarra
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Jose Miguel Vicencio
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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30
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Contreras-Ferrat A, Lavandero S, Jaimovich E, Klip A. Calcium signaling in insulin action on striated muscle. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:390-6. [PMID: 25224502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Striated muscles (skeletal and cardiac) are major physiological targets of insulin and this hormone triggers complex signaling pathways regulating cell growth and energy metabolism. Insulin increases glucose uptake into muscle cells by stimulating glucose transporter (GLUT4) translocation from intracellular compartments to the cell surface. The canonical insulin-triggered signaling cascade controlling this process is constituted by well-mapped tyrosine, lipid and serine/threonine phosphorylation reactions. In parallel to these signals, recent findings reveal insulin-dependent Ca(2+) mobilization in skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Specifically, insulin activates the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (SER) channels that release Ca(2+) into the cytosol i.e., the Ryanodine Receptor (RyR) and the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R). In skeletal muscle cells, a rapid, insulin-triggered Ca(2+) release occurs through RyR, that is brought about upon S-glutathionylation of cysteine residues in the channel by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the early activation of the NADPH oxidase (NOX2). In cardiomyocytes insulin induces a fast and transient increase in cytoplasmic [Ca(2+)]i trough L-type Ca(2+) channels activation. In both cell types, a relatively slower Ca(2+) release also occurs through IP3R activation, and is required for GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. The insulin-dependent Ca(2+) released from IP3R of skeletal muscle also promotes mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. We review here these actions of insulin on intracellular Ca(2+) channel activation and their impact on GLUT4 traffic in muscle cells, as well as other implications of insulin-dependent Ca(2+) release from the SER.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Contreras-Ferrat
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Chile; Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
| | - S Lavandero
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Chile
| | - E Jaimovich
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, Chile
| | - A Klip
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
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Klip A, Sun Y, Chiu TT, Foley KP. Signal transduction meets vesicle traffic: the software and hardware of GLUT4 translocation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C879-86. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00069.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the major tissue disposing of dietary glucose, a function regulated by insulin-elicited signals that impart mobilization of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. This phenomenon, also central to adipocyte biology, has been the subject of intense and productive research for decades. We focus on muscle cell studies scrutinizing insulin signals and vesicle traffic in a spatiotemporal manner. Using the analogy of an integrated circuit to approach the intersection between signal transduction and vesicle mobilization, we identify signaling relays (“software”) that engage structural/mechanical elements (“hardware”) to enact the rapid mobilization and incorporation of GLUT4 into the cell surface. We emphasize how insulin signal transduction switches from tyrosine through lipid and serine phosphorylation down to activation of small G proteins of the Rab and Rho families, describe key negative regulation step of Rab GTPases through the GTPase-activating protein activity of the Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), and focus on the mechanical effectors engaged by Rabs 8A and 10 (the molecular motor myosin Va), and the Rho GTPase Rac1 (actin filament branching and severing through Arp2/3 and cofilin). Finally, we illustrate how actin filaments interact with myosin 1c and α-Actinin4 to promote vesicle tethering as preamble to fusion with the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Sun
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Tim Ting Chiu
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin P. Foley
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wilson C, Contreras-Ferrat A, Venegas N, Osorio-Fuentealba C, Pávez M, Montoya K, Durán J, Maass R, Lavandero S, Estrada M. Testosterone increases GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2014; 228:2399-407. [PMID: 23757167 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone exerts important effects in the heart. Cardiomyocytes are target cells for androgens, and testosterone induces rapid effects via Ca(2+) release and protein kinase activation and long-term effects via cardiomyocyte differentiation and hypertrophy. Furthermore, it stimulates metabolic effects such as increasing glucose uptake in different tissues. Cardiomyocytes preferentially consume fatty acids for ATP production, but under particular circumstances, glucose uptake is increased to optimize energy production. We studied the effects of testosterone on glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. We found that testosterone increased uptake of the fluorescent glucose analog 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose and [(3) H]2-deoxyglucose, which was blocked by the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) inhibitor indinavir. Testosterone stimulation in the presence of cyproterone or albumin-bound testosterone-induced glucose uptake, which suggests an effect that is independent of the intracellular androgen receptor. To determine the degree of GLUT4 cell surface exposure, cardiomyocytes were transfected with the plasmid GLUT4myc-eGFP. Subsequently, testosterone increased GLUT4myc-GFP exposure at the plasma membrane. Inhibition of Akt by the Akt-inhibitor-VIII had no effect. However, inhibition of Ca(2+) /calmodulin protein kinase (CaMKII) (KN-93 and autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide II) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (compound C and siRNA for AMPK) prevented glucose uptake induced by testosterone. Moreover, GLUT4myc-eGFP exposure at the cell surface caused by testosterone was also abolished after CaMKII and AMPK inhibition. These results suggest that testosterone increases GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake, which is mediated by CaMKII and AMPK in cultured cardiomyocytes. Glucose uptake could represent a mechanism by which testosterone increases energy production and protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Wilson
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica y Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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del Campo A, Parra V, Vásquez-Trincado C, Gutiérrez T, Morales PE, López-Crisosto C, Bravo-Sagua R, Navarro-Marquez MF, Verdejo HE, Contreras-Ferrat A, Troncoso R, Chiong M, Lavandero S. Mitochondrial fragmentation impairs insulin-dependent glucose uptake by modulating Akt activity through mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1-E13. [PMID: 24085037 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00146.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is a major regulator of glucose metabolism, stimulating its mitochondrial oxidation in skeletal muscle cells. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that can undergo structural remodeling in order to cope with these ever-changing metabolic demands. However, the process by which mitochondrial morphology impacts insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle cells remains uncertain. To address this question, we silenced the mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn2 and Opa1 and assessed insulin-dependent responses in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. We found that mitochondrial fragmentation attenuates insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, glucose uptake and cell respiratory rate. Importantly, we found that insulin induces a transient rise in mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, which was attenuated by silencing Opa1 or Mfn2. Moreover, treatment with Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, impairs Akt signaling without affecting mitochondrial dynamics. All together, these results suggest that control of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake by mitochondrial morphology is a key event for insulin-induced glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea del Campo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiSCEMC, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad Medicina, Santiago, Chile
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Osorio-Fuentealba C, Contreras-Ferrat AE, Altamirano F, Espinosa A, Li Q, Niu W, Lavandero S, Klip A, Jaimovich E. Electrical stimuli release ATP to increase GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake via PI3Kγ-Akt-AS160 in skeletal muscle cells. Diabetes 2013; 62:1519-26. [PMID: 23274898 PMCID: PMC3636621 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle glucose uptake in response to exercise is preserved in insulin-resistant conditions, but the signals involved are debated. ATP is released from skeletal muscle by contractile activity and can autocrinely signal through purinergic receptors, and we hypothesized it may influence glucose uptake. Electrical stimulation, ATP, and insulin each increased fluorescent 2-NBD-Glucose (2-NBDG) uptake in primary myotubes, but only electrical stimulation and ATP-dependent 2-NBDG uptake were inhibited by adenosine-phosphate phosphatase and by purinergic receptor blockade (suramin). Electrical stimulation transiently elevated extracellular ATP and caused Akt phosphorylation that was additive to insulin and inhibited by suramin. Exogenous ATP transiently activated Akt and, inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or Akt as well as dominant-negative Akt mutant, reduced ATP-dependent 2-NBDG uptake and Akt phosphorylation. ATP-dependent 2-NBDG uptake was also inhibited by the G protein βγ subunit-interacting peptide βark-ct and by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) inhibitor AS605240. ATP caused translocation of GLUT4myc-eGFP to the cell surface, mechanistically mediated by increased exocytosis involving AS160/Rab8A reduced by dominant-negative Akt or PI3Kγ kinase-dead mutants, and potentiated by myristoylated PI3Kγ. ATP stimulated 2-NBDG uptake in normal and insulin-resistant adult muscle fibers, resembling the reported effect of exercise. Hence, the ATP-induced pathway may be tapped to bypass insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Osorio-Fuentealba
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel E. Contreras-Ferrat
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Qing Li
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Corresponding author: Enrique Jaimovich,
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Kurokawa K, Mizuno K, Ohkuma S. Possible involvement of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors up-regulated by dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in mouse nucleus accumbens neurons in the development of methamphetamine-induced place preference. Neuroscience 2012; 227:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhu Y, Pereira RO, O'Neill BT, Riehle C, Ilkun O, Wende AR, Rawlings TA, Zhang YC, Zhang Q, Klip A, Shiojima I, Walsh K, Abel ED. Cardiac PI3K-Akt impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake independent of mTORC1 and GLUT4 translocation. Mol Endocrinol 2012. [PMID: 23204326 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired insulin-mediated glucose uptake characterizes cardiac muscle in humans and animals with insulin resistance and diabetes, despite preserved or enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the serine-threonine kinase, Akt-signaling, via mechanisms that are incompletely understood. One potential mechanism is PI3K- and Akt-mediated activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), which may impair insulin-mediated activation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1/2 via inhibitory serine phosphorylation or proteasomal degradation. To gain mechanistic insights by which constitutive activation of PI3K or Akt may desensitize insulin-mediated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes, we examined mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted, constitutive or inducible overexpression of a constitutively activated PI3K or a myristoylated Akt1 (myrAkt1) transgene that also expressed a myc-epitope-tagged glucose transporter type 4 protein (GLUT4). Although short-term activation of PI3K and myrAkt1 increased mTOR and S6 signaling, there was no impairment in insulin-mediated activation of IRS1/2. However, insulin-mediated glucose uptake was reduced by 50-80%. Although longer-term activation of Akt reduced IRS2 protein content via an mTORC1-mediated mechanism, treatment of transgenic mice with rapamycin failed to restore insulin-mediated glucose uptake, despite restoring IRS2. Transgenic activation of Akt and insulin-stimulation of myrAkt1 transgenic cardiomyocytes increased sarcolemmal insertion of myc-GLUT4 to levels equivalent to that observed in insulin-stimulated wild-type controls. Despite preserved GLUT4 translocation, glucose uptake was not elevated by the presence of constitutive activation of PI3K and Akt. Hexokinase II activity was preserved in myrAkt1 hearts. Thus, constitutive activation of PI3K and Akt in cardiomyocytes impairs GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake via mechanisms that impair the function of GLUT4 after its plasma-membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Montessuit C, Lerch R. Regulation and dysregulation of glucose transport in cardiomyocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:848-56. [PMID: 22967513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the heart muscle to derive energy from a wide variety of substrates provides the myocardium with remarkable capacity to adapt to the ever-changing metabolic environment depending on factors including nutritional state and physical activity. There is increasing evidence that loss of metabolic flexibility of the myocardium contributes to cardiac dysfunction in disease conditions such as diabetes, ischemic heart disease and heart failure. At the level of glucose metabolism reduced metabolic adaptation in most cases is characterized by impaired stimulation of transarcolemmal glucose transport in the cardiomyocytes in response to insulin, referred to as insulin resistance, or to other stimuli such as energy deficiency. This review discusses cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes and their potential implication in impairment of stimulation of glucose transport under disease conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Cardiac Pathways of Differentiation, Metabolism and Contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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38
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Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and pacemaker rhythms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:375-81. [PMID: 22713798 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) plays an important role in the control of the heart rate through the interaction between Ca(2+) release by ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the extrusion of Ca(2+) by the sodium-calcium exchanger which generates an inward current. A second type of SR Ca(2+) release channel, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R), can release Ca(2+) from SR stores in many cell types, including cardiac myocytes. However, it is still uncertain whether IP(3)Rs play any functional role in regulating the heart rate. Accumulated evidence shows that IP(3) and IP(3)R are involved in rhythm control in non-cardiac pacemaker tissues and in the embryonic heart. In this review we focus on intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations generated by Ca(2+) release from IP(3)R that initiates membrane depolarization and provides a common mechanism producing spontaneous activity in a range of cells with pacemaker function. Emerging new evidence also suggests that IP(3)/IP(3)Rs play a functional role in normal and diseased hearts and in cardiac rhythm control. Several membrane currents, including a store-operated Ca(2+) current, might be activated by Ca(2+) release from IP(3)Rs. IP(3)/IP(3)R may thus add another dimension to the complex regulation of heart rate.
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39
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Ware B, Bevier M, Nishijima Y, Rogers S, Carnes CA, Lacombe VA. Chronic heart failure selectively induces regional heterogeneity of insulin-responsive glucose transporters. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R1300-6. [PMID: 21849635 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00822.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucose uptake across the sarcolemma is regulated by a family of membrane proteins called glucose transporters (GLUTs), which includes GLUT4 (the major cardiac isoform) and GLUT12 (a novel, second insulin-sensitive isoform). Potential regional patterns in glucose transport across the cardiac chambers have not been examined; thus, we hypothesized that insulin-responsive GLUT4 and -12 protein and gene expression would be chamber specific in healthy subjects and during chronic heart failure (HF). Using a canine model of tachypacing-induced, progressive, chronic HF, total GLUT protein and messenger RNA in both ventricles and atria (free wall and appendage) were investigated by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. In controls, GLUT4, but not GLUT12, protein content was significantly higher in the atria compared with the ventricles, with the highest content in the right atrium (RA; P < 0.001). GLUT4 and GLUT12 mRNA levels were similar across the cardiac chambers. During chronic HF, GLUT4 and GLUT12 protein content was highest in the left ventricle (LV; by 2.5- and 4.2-fold, respectively, P < 0.01), with a concomitant increase in GLUT4 and GLUT12 mRNA (P < 0.001). GLUT4, but not GLUT12, protein content was decreased in RA during chronic HF (P = 0.001). In conclusion, GLUT4 protein was differentially expressed across the chambers in the healthy heart, and this regional pattern was reversed during HF. Our data suggest that LV was the primary site dependent on both GLUT4 and GLUT12 during chronic HF. In addition, the paradoxical decrease in GLUT4 content in RA may induce perturbations in atrial energy production during chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Ware
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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40
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Rieusset J. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum: mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interplay in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1257-62. [PMID: 21605696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are two important metabolic organelles for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and their functional defects are suspected to participate to the aetiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Particularly, excessive lipid intake and/or ectopic lipid accumulation in tissues (referred as lipotoxicity) are involved in alterations of both organelles and are closely linked to peripheral insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. Since, mitochondria and ER are physically and functionally interconnected, their respective alterations during T2D could be interrelated. However, the mechanisms that coordinate the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, and its relevance in the control of glucose homeostasis are unknown. Among these mechanisms, we will discuss on the potential role of altered mitochondria/ER crosstalk in organelle dysfunctions and in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rieusset
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Lyon 1 University, F-69921 Oullins, France.
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41
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Schultze SM, Jensen J, Hemmings BA, Tschopp O, Niessen M. Promiscuous affairs of PKB/AKT isoforms in metabolism. Arch Physiol Biochem 2011; 117:70-7. [PMID: 21214427 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2010.539236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase B (PKB) family encompasses three isoforms; PKBα (AKT1), PKBβ (AKT2) and PKBγ (AKT3). PKBα and PKBβ but not PKBγ, are prominently expressed in classical insulin-sensitive tissues like liver, muscle and fat. Transgenic mice deficient for PKBα, PKBβ or PKBγ have been analysed to study the roles of PKB isoforms in metabolic regulation. Until recently, only loss of PKBβ was reported to result in metabolic disorders, especially insulin resistance, in humans and mice. However, a new study has shown that PKBα-deficient mice can show enhanced glucose tolerance accompanied by improved β-cell function and higher insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. These findings prompted us to review the relevant literature on the regulation of glucose metabolism by PKB isoforms in liver, skeletal muscle, adipocytes and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Schultze
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Foley K, Boguslavsky S, Klip A. Endocytosis, recycling, and regulated exocytosis of glucose transporter 4. Biochemistry 2011; 50:3048-61. [PMID: 21405107 DOI: 10.1021/bi2000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is responsible for the uptake of glucose into muscle and adipose tissues. Under resting conditions, GLUT4 is dynamically retained through idle cycling among selective intracellular compartments, from whence it undergoes slow recycling to the plasma membrane (PM). This dynamic retention can be released by command from intracellular signals elicited by insulin and other stimuli, which result in 2-10-fold increases in the surface level of GLUT4. Insulin-derived signals promote translocation of GLUT4 to the PM from a specialized compartment termed GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSV). Much effort has been devoted to the characterization of the intracellular compartments and dynamics of GLUT4 cycling and to the signals by which GLUT4 is sorted into, and recruited from, GSV. This review summarizes our understanding of intracellular GLUT4 traffic during its internalization from the membrane, its slow, constitutive recycling, and its regulated exocytosis in response to insulin. In spite of specific differences in GLUT4 dynamic behavior in adipose and muscle cells, the generalities of its endocytic and exocytic itineraries are consistent and an array of regulatory proteins that regulate each vesicular traffic event emerges from these cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Foley
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1X8, Canada
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43
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Hoffman NJ, Elmendorf JS. Signaling, cytoskeletal and membrane mechanisms regulating GLUT4 exocytosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22:110-6. [PMID: 21216617 PMCID: PMC3049829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Solving how insulin regulates glucose transport into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue remains a fundamental challenge in biology and a significant issue in medicine. A central feature of this process is the coordinated accumulation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 into the plasma membrane. New signaling and cytoskeletal mechanisms of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 exocytosis are of emerging interest, particularly those at or just beneath the plasma membrane. This review examines signals that functionally engage GLUT4 exocytosis, considers cytoskeletal regulation of the stimulated GLUT4 itinerary, and appraises the involvement of plasma membrane parameters in GLUT4 control. We also explore how these newly-defined signaling, cytoskeletal and membrane mechanisms could be of therapeutic interest in the treatment and/or prevention of GLUT4 dysregulation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan J Hoffman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, Membrane Biosciences, and Vascular Biology and Medicine, VanNuys Medical Science Building Room 308A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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