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Ivovic A, Yung JHM, Oprescu AI, Vlavcheski F, Mori Y, Rahman SMN, Ye W, Eversley JA, Wheeler MB, Woo M, Tsiani E, Giacca A. β-Cell Insulin Resistance Plays a Causal Role in Fat-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction In Vitro and In Vivo. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae044. [PMID: 38578954 PMCID: PMC11033845 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In the classical insulin target tissues of liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, chronically elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) impair insulin signaling. Insulin signaling molecules are also present in β-cells where they play a role in β-cell function. Therefore, inhibition of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway may be involved in fat-induced β-cell dysfunction. To address the role of β-cell insulin resistance in FFA-induced β-cell dysfunction we co-infused bisperoxovanadate (BPV) with oleate or olive oil for 48 hours in rats. BPV, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, acts as an insulin mimetic and is devoid of any antioxidant effect that could prevent β-cell dysfunction, unlike most insulin sensitizers. Following fat infusion, rats either underwent hyperglycemic clamps for assessment of β-cell function in vivo or islets were isolated for ex vivo assessment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We also incubated islets with oleate or palmitate and BPV for in vitro assessment of GSIS and Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation. Next, mice with β-cell specific deletion of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog; negative regulator of insulin signaling) and littermate controls were infused with oleate for 48 hours, followed by hyperglycemic clamps or ex vivo evaluation of GSIS. In rat experiments, BPV protected against fat-induced impairment of β-cell function in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. In mice, β-cell specific deletion of PTEN protected against oleate-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo and ex vivo. These data support the hypothesis that β-cell insulin resistance plays a causal role in FFA-induced β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Justin Hou Ming Yung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andrei I Oprescu
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Anti-Glycation Research Section, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - S M Niazur Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wenyue Ye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Judith A Eversley
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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Alcazar O, Chuang ST, Ren G, Ogihara M, Webb-Robertson BJM, Nakayasu ES, Buchwald P, Abdulreda MH. A Composite Biomarker Signature of Type 1 Diabetes Risk Identified via Augmentation of Parallel Multi-Omics Data from a Small Cohort. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579673. [PMID: 38405796 PMCID: PMC10888829 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Biomarkers of early pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are crucial to enable effective prevention measures in at-risk populations before significant damage occurs to their insulin producing beta-cell mass. We recently introduced the concept of integrated parallel multi-omics and employed a novel data augmentation approach which identified promising candidate biomarkers from a small cohort of high-risk T1D subjects. We now validate selected biomarkers to generate a potential composite signature of T1D risk. Methods Twelve candidate biomarkers, which were identified in the augmented data and selected based on their fold-change relative to healthy controls and cross-reference to proteomics data previously obtained in the expansive TEDDY and DAISY cohorts, were measured in the original samples by ELISA. Results All 12 biomarkers had established connections with lipid/lipoprotein metabolism, immune function, inflammation, and diabetes, but only 7 were found to be markedly changed in the high-risk subjects compared to the healthy controls: ApoC1 and PON1 were reduced while CETP, CD36, FGFR1, IGHM, PCSK9, SOD1, and VCAM1 were elevated. Conclusions Results further highlight the promise of our data augmentation approach in unmasking important patterns and pathologically significant features in parallel multi-omics datasets obtained from small sample cohorts to facilitate the identification of promising candidate T1D biomarkers for downstream validation. They also support the potential utility of a composite biomarker signature of T1D risk characterized by the changes in the above markers.
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Srivastava R, Horwitz M, Hershko-Moshe A, Bronstein S, Ben-Dov IZ, Melloul D. Posttranscriptional regulation of the prostaglandin E receptor spliced-isoform EP3-γ and its implication in pancreatic β-cell failure. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22958. [PMID: 37171267 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201984r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In Type 2 diabetes (T2D), elevated lipid levels have been suggested to contribute to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. We previously reported that the expression of the PGE2 receptor EP3 is elevated in islets of T2D individuals and is preferentially stimulated by palmitate, leading to β-cell failure. The mouse EP3 receptor generates three isoforms by alternative splicing which differ in their C-terminal domain and are referred to as mEP3α, mEP3β, and mEP3γ. We bring evidence that the expression of the mEP3γ isoform is elevated in islets of diabetic db/db mice and is selectively upregulated by palmitate. Specific knockdown of the mEP3γ isoform restores the expression of β-cell-specific genes and rescues MIN6 cells from palmitate-induced dysfunction and apoptosis. This study indicates that palmitate stimulates the expression of the mEP3γ by a posttranscriptional mechanism, compared to the other spliced isoforms, and that the de novo synthesized ceramide plays an important role in FFA-induced mEP3γ expression in β-cells. Moreover, induced levels of mEP3γ mRNA by palmitate or ceramide depend on p38 MAPK activation. Our findings suggest that mEP3γ gene expression is regulated at the posttranscriptional level and defines the EP3 signaling axis as an important pathway mediating β-cell-impaired function and demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Margalit Horwitz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Hershko-Moshe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shirly Bronstein
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iddo Z Ben-Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology Services, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Danielle Melloul
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Corkey BE, Kilpatrick LE, Evans-Molina C. Hypothesis: Induction of Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes-A Lipid Focus. Diabetes 2022; 71:2067-2074. [PMID: 36126206 PMCID: PMC10477405 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Several unrelated findings led us to hypothesize that induction of autoimmunity is a consequence of a prior major inflammatory event in individuals with susceptible HLA phenotypes and elevated sensitivity to cytokines and free fatty acids (FFA). We observed provocative enhanced responsiveness of cultured human fibroblasts from individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but not control subjects, to FFA and the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL1-β. Major infections increase inflammatory cytokines as well as circulating FFA. Endotoxin-treated animal models of sepsis also exhibit elevated inflammatory cytokines that inhibit FFA oxidation and elevate FFA. The pancreatic β-cell possesses low reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity and responds to both elevated FFA and cytokines with increased ROS production, a combination that increases exocytosis and trafficking of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. Increased trafficking is accompanied by increased cycling of secretory granule proteins and may be linked with increased surface presentation of granule proteins to the immune system. We propose that this ultimately targets β-cell granular proteins at the cell surface and is consistent with the preponderance of autoantibodies to granule proteins. Our hypothesis encourages testing of potential early therapeutic interventions to prevent progression of β-cell destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E. Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Laurie E. Kilpatrick
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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Nahle A, Joseph YD, Pereira S, Mori Y, Poon F, Ghadieh HE, Ivovic A, Desai T, Ghanem SS, Asalla S, Muturi HT, Jentz EM, Joseph JW, Najjar SM, Giacca A. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Prevents Free Fatty Acid-Induced Reduction in Glucose Tolerance by Decreasing Insulin Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413224. [PMID: 34948019 PMCID: PMC8709165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 improves β cell function. Accordingly, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the product of the rate-limiting step in NAD synthesis, prevents β cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. The current study was performed to assess the effects of NMN on β cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance that are caused specifically by increased circulating free fatty acids (FFAs). NMN was intravenously infused, with or without oleate, in C57BL/6J mice over a 48-h-period to elevate intracellular NAD levels and consequently increase SIRT1 activity. Administration of NMN in the context of elevated plasma FFA levels considerably improved glucose tolerance. This was due not only to partial protection from FFA-induced β cell dysfunction but also, unexpectedly, to a significant decrease in insulin clearance. However, in conditions of normal FFA levels, NMN impaired glucose tolerance due to decreased β cell function. The presence of this dual action of NMN suggests caution in its proposed therapeutic use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Nahle
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Yemisi Deborah Joseph
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
| | - Frankie Poon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (H.E.G.); (S.S.G.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
| | - Aleksandar Ivovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Tejas Desai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Simona S. Ghanem
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (H.E.G.); (S.S.G.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
| | - Suman Asalla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
| | - Harrison T. Muturi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
| | - Emelien M. Jentz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON N2G 1C5, Canada; (E.M.J.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Jamie W. Joseph
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON N2G 1C5, Canada; (E.M.J.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Sonia M. Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (H.E.G.); (S.S.G.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Pereira S, Moore J, Li JX, Yu WQ, Ghanim H, Vlavcheski F, Joseph YD, Dandona P, Volchuk A, Cummins CL, Tsiani E, Giacca A. 4-Phenylbutyric acid improves free fatty acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in vivo. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:861-872. [PMID: 34319253 PMCID: PMC8346193 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in obesity and can induce insulin resistance via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, it is unknown whether hepatic insulin resistance caused by the elevation of plasma FFAs is alleviated by chemical chaperones. Rats received one of the following i.v. treatments for 48 h: saline, intralipid plus heparin (IH), IH plus the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), or PBA alone and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed during the last 2 h. PBA co-infusion normalized IH-induced peripheral insulin resistance, similar to our previous findings with an antioxidant and an IκBα kinase β (IKKβ) inhibitor. Different from our previous results with the antioxidant and IKKβ inhibitor, PBA also improved IH-induced hepatic insulin resistance in parallel with activation of Akt. Unexpectedly, IH did not induce markers of ER stress in the liver, but PBA prevented IH-induced elevation of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor-2α protein in adipose tissue. PBA tended to decrease circulating fetuin-A and significantly increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) without affecting markers of activation of hepatic protein kinase C-δ or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that we have previously involved in hepatic insulin resistance in this model. In conclusion: (i) PBA prevented hepatic insulin resistance caused by prolonged plasma FFA elevation without affecting hepatic ER stress markers; (ii) the PBA effect is likely due to increased FGF21 and/or decreased fetuin-A, which directly signal to upregulate Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pereira
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessy Moore
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jia-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wen Qin Yu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Husam Ghanim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Giacca:
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Rahman MS, Hossain KS, Das S, Kundu S, Adegoke EO, Rahman MA, Hannan MA, Uddin MJ, Pang MG. Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6403. [PMID: 34203830 PMCID: PMC8232639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. The hormone potentially coordinates with glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels; insulin acts via an anabolic pathway, while glucagon performs catabolic functions. Insulin regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream and induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, resulting in overall weight gain. The modulation of a wide range of physiological processes by insulin makes its synthesis and levels critical in the onset and progression of several chronic diseases. Although clinical and basic research has made significant progress in understanding the role of insulin in several pathophysiological processes, many aspects of these functions have yet to be elucidated. This review provides an update on insulin secretion and regulation, and its physiological roles and functions in different organs and cells, and implications to overall health. We cast light on recent advances in insulin-signaling targeted therapies, the protective effects of insulin signaling activators against disease, and recommendations and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Khandkar Shaharina Hossain
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Sharnali Das
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Sushmita Kundu
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
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Vilarrasa N, San Jose P, Rubio MÁ, Lecube A. Obesity in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Links, Risks and Management Challenges. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2807-2827. [PMID: 34188505 PMCID: PMC8232956 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s223618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects large numbers of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) across their lifetime, with rates ranging between 2.8% and 37.1%. Patients with T1D and obesity are characterized by the presence of insulin resistance, of high insulin requirements, have a greater cardiometabolic risk and an enhanced risk of developing chronic complications when compared to normal-weight persons with T1D. Dual treatment of obesity and T1D is challenging and no specific guidelines for improving outcomes of both glycemic control and weight management have been established for this population. Nevertheless, although evidence is scarce, a comprehensive approach based on a balanced hypocaloric diet, physical activity and cognitive behavioral therapy by a multidisciplinary team, expert in both obesity and diabetes, remains as the best clinical practice. However, weight loss responses with lifestyle changes alone are limited, so in the "roadmap" of the treatment of obesity in T1D, it will be helpful to include anti-obesity pharmacotherapy despite at present there is a lack of evidence since T1D patients have been excluded from anti-obesity drug clinical trials. In case of severe obesity, bariatric surgery has proven to be of benefit in obtaining a substantial and long-term weight loss and reduction in cardiovascular risk. The near future looks promising with the development of new and more effective anti-obesity treatments and strategies to improve insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Advances in precision medicine may help individualize and optimize the medical management and care of these patients. This review, by gathering current evidence, highlights the need of solid knowledge in all facets of the treatment of patients with obesity and T1D that can only be obtained through high quality well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: Nuria Vilarrasa Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainTel +34 93-5338511Fax +34 933375248 Email
| | - Patricia San Jose
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rubio
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Zhang K, Yang J, Ao N, Jin S, Qi R, Shan F, Du J. Methionine enkephalin (MENK) regulates the immune pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus via the IL-33/ST2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:23-40. [PMID: 31078923 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rank among the top ten worldwide. Emerging studies indicate pathological roles for the immune system in inflammation, insulin resistance and islet β-cell damage in subjects with T2DM. Methionine enkephalin (MENK) is present in endocrine cells of the pancreas and has been suggested to be an important mediator between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Therefore, it may play a role in modulating insulin secretion from islet cells. Since little is known about the effect of MENK on T2DM, therefore it was the aim of this study to characterize the role and possible mechanism of action of MENK on plasma glucose and serum insulin levels in T2DM rats and INS-1 cells in vivo and in vitro. MENK significantly decreased the plasma glucose level and increased the serum insulin concentration in T2DM rats. It also increased the serum levels of the cytokines IL-5 and IL-10, while decreased TNF-α and IL-2 levels. We further confirmed that MENK regulated glucose metabolism by upregulating opioid receptor expression and modulating the IL-33/ST2 and MyD88-TRAF6-NF-κB p65 signaling pathways. Based on these results, an intraperitoneal injection of MENK represents a potentially new approach for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, No. 4 Teaching Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, No. 4 Teaching Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Na Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, No. 4 Teaching Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, No. 4 Teaching Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Teaching Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Endocrinology, No. 4 Teaching Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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10
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Lee T, Yun S, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Asprosin impairs insulin secretion in response to glucose and viability through TLR4/JNK-mediated inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 486:96-104. [PMID: 30853600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe inflammation in the islets is observed in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Inflammation in the islets is caused by obesity-induced serum free fatty acids. Asprosin is a fasting-induced adipokine, which contributes to hepatic glucose production. However, the effects of asprosin on inflammation and cellular dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that treatment of mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells and human primary islets containing β-cells with palmitate increased asprosin expression and secretion. Treatment of MIN6 cells and human primary islets with palmitate increased phosphorylation of the inflammatory marker nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF and MCP-1 and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and cell viability. However, siRNA-mediated suppression of asprosin reversed these changes. Recombinant asprosin treatment of MIN6 cells and human primary islets augmented the inflammation response, cellular dysfunction, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Asprosin induced toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression and JNK phosphorylation. siRNA for TLR4 or JNK mitigated the effects of asprosin on inflammation and cellular dysfunction. These results suggest that palmitate-derived asprosin secretion from β-cells results in their inflammation and dysfunction through a TLR4/JNK-mediated pathway. This report suggests asprosin as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes through preservation of β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeseung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subin Yun
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Pharmacologic or genetic activation of SIRT1 attenuates the fat-induced decrease in beta-cell function in vivo. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:11. [PMID: 30890694 PMCID: PMC6424971 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a key regulator of nutrient metabolism, increases β-cell secretory function. Excess circulating fat, as seen in obesity, has been shown to decrease β-cell function, an effect that may involve decreased SIRT1 activity. Consequently, SIRT1 activation may increase β-cell function in conditions of elevated plasma-free fatty acid levels. Here we attempted to attenuate the lipid-induced decrease in β-cell function in vivo using pharmacological and genetic models of SIRT1 activation. Methods Our pharmacologic model involved 48 h intravenous infusion of Wistar rats with either saline or oleate with or without the SIRT1 activator resveratrol. Additionally, we used β-cell-specific SIRT1 overexpressing (BESTO) mice and wild-type littermates infused for 48 h intravenously with either saline or oleate. In both models, the infusion period was followed by assessment of β-cell function using the hyperglycemic clamp method. Results Lipid infusion resulted in a significant decrease in β-cell function as expected in both rats (p < 0.05) and mice (p < 0.001). Both models of SIRT1 activation, which did not alter β-cell function in the absence of fat, resulted in partial protection from the fat-induced decrease in β-cell function (NS vs. control). Conclusion These results suggest that SIRT1 is a therapeutic target in decreased β-cell function specifically induced by fat.
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12
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Tang C, Yeung LSN, Koulajian K, Zhang L, Tai K, Volchuk A, Giacca A. Glucose-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction In Vivo: Evidence for a Causal Role of C-jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3643-3654. [PMID: 30215691 PMCID: PMC6195676 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged elevation of glucose can adversely affect β-cell function. Oxidative stress, which has been implicated in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction, can activate c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, whether JNK is causal in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo is unclear. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the causal role of JNK activation in in vivo models of glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction. Glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction was investigated in the presence or absence of JNK inhibition. JNK inhibition was achieved using either (i) the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 or (ii) JNK-1-null mice. (i) Rats or mice were infused intravenously with saline or glucose with or without SP600125. (ii) JNK-1 null mice and their littermate wild-type controls were infused intravenously with saline or glucose. Following the glucose infusion periods in rats and mice, β-cell function was assessed in isolated islets or in vivo using hyperglycemic clamps. Forty-eight-hour hyperglycemia at ~20 mM in rats or 96-hour hyperglycemia at ~13 mM in mice impaired β-cell function in isolated islets and in vivo. Inhibition of JNK using either SP600125 or JNK-1-null mice prevented glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in isolated islets and in vivo. Islets of JNK-1-null mice exposed to hyperglycemia in vivo showed an increase in Pdx-1 and insulin 2 mRNA, whereas islets of wild-type mice did not. Together, these data show that JNK pathway is involved in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo and is thus a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucy Shu Nga Yeung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khajag Koulajian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liling Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Tai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Adria Giacca, MD, Medical Sciences Building, 3336-1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. E-mail:
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13
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Zheng S, Ren X, Han T, Chen Y, Qiu H, Liu W, Hu Y. Fenofibrate attenuates fatty acid-induced islet β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis via inhibiting the NF-κB/MIF dependent inflammatory pathway. Metabolism 2017; 77:23-38. [PMID: 28941594 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) affect pancreatic β-cell function, and may promote the development of diabetes mellitus. However, the association of lipotoxicity with MIF and the effect of Fenofibrate on β-cell function remain unknown. METHODS LPL+/- mice and MIN6 cells stimulated with palmitic acid (PA) were utilized as models of lipid metabolism disorders. Factors associated with insulin secretion and apoptosis were assessed in the presence or absence of Fenofibrate. The possible mechanisms of lipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction were also explored. RESULTS Fenofibrate effectively improved lipid accumulation in pancreatic β-cells, increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β-cell mass, and significantly downregulated pro-apoptotic molecules, at the gene and protein levels, both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, elevated MIF levels in serum from LPL+/- mice and PA-treated MIN6 cells were starkly decreased after Fenofibrate administration. Mechanistic analysis indicated that NF-κB signaling was remarkably triggered, which could further activate MIF transcription. Furthermore, Fenofibrate exerted beneficial effects on fatty acid-induced β-cell dysfunction likely by inhibiting the NF-κB/MIF dependent inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Fenofibrate ameliorates lipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB/MIF inflammatory pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the treatment of lipotoxicity-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xingxing Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huiying Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Yaomin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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14
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Ivovic A, Oprescu AI, Koulajian K, Mori Y, Eversley JA, Zhang L, Nino-Fong R, Lewis GF, Donath MY, Karin M, Wheeler MB, Ehses J, Volchuk A, Chan CB, Giacca A. IKKβ inhibition prevents fat-induced beta cell dysfunction in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2021-2032. [PMID: 28725915 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously shown that oxidative stress plays a causal role in beta cell dysfunction induced by fat. Here, we address whether the proinflammatory kinase inhibitor of (nuclear factor) κB kinase β (IKKβ), which is activated by oxidative stress, is also implicated. METHODS Fat (oleate or olive oil) was infused intravenously in Wistar rats for 48 h with or without the IKKβ inhibitor salicylate. Thereafter, beta cell function was evaluated in vivo using hyperglycaemic clamps or ex vivo in islets isolated from fat-treated rats. We also exposed rat islets to oleate in culture, with or without salicylate and 4(2'-aminoethyl)amino-1,8-dimethylimidazo(1,2-a)quinoxaline; BMS-345541 (BMS, another inhibitor of IKKβ) and evaluated beta cell function in vitro. Furthermore, oleate was infused in mice treated with BMS and in beta cell-specific Ikkb-null mice. RESULTS 48 h infusion of fat impaired beta-cell function in vivo, assessed using the disposition index (DI), in rats (saline: 1.41 ± 0.13; oleate: 0.95 ± 0.11; olive oil [OLO]: 0.87 ± 0.15; p < 0.01 for both fats vs saline) and in mice (saline: 2.51 ± 0.39; oleate: 1.20 ± 0.19; p < 0.01 vs saline) and ex vivo (i.e., insulin secretion, units are pmol insulin islet-1 h-1) in rat islets (saline: 1.51 ± 0.13; oleate: 1.03 ± 0.10; OLO: 0.91 ± 0.13; p < 0.001 for both fats vs saline) and the dysfunction was prevented by co-infusion of salicylate in rats (oleate + salicylate: 1.30 ± 0.09; OLO + salicylate: 1.33 ± 0.23) or BMS in mice (oleate + BMS: 2.25 ± 0.42) in vivo and by salicylate in rat islets ex vivo (oleate + salicylate: 1.74 ± 0.31; OLO + salicylate: 1.54 ± 0.29). In cultured islets, 48 h exposure to oleate impaired beta-cell function ([in pmol insulin islet-1 h-1] control: 0.66 ± 0.12; oleate: 0.23 ± 0.03; p < 0.01 vs saline), an effect prevented by both inhibitors (oleate + salicylate: 0.98 ± 0.08; oleate + BMS: 0.50 ± 0.02). Genetic inhibition of IKKβ also prevented fat-induced beta-cell dysfunction ex vivo ([in pmol insulin islet-1 h-1] control saline: 0.16 ± 0.02; control oleate: 0.10 ± 0.02; knockout oleate: 0.17 ± 0.04; p < 0.05 control saline vs. control oleate) and in vivo (DI: control saline: 3.86 ± 0.40; control oleate: 1.95 ± 0.29; knockout oleate: 2.96 ± 0.24; p < 0.01 control saline vs control oleate). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate a causal role for IKKβ in fat-induced beta cell dysfunction in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Andrei I Oprescu
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khajag Koulajian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Judith A Eversley
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Liling Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodolfo Nino-Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Jan Ehses
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8.
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Palmitate induced Fetuin-A secretion from pancreatic β-cells adversely affects its function and elicits inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:1118-1124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Tanabe K, Amo-Shiinoki K, Hatanaka M, Tanizawa Y. Interorgan Crosstalk Contributing to β-Cell Dysfunction. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3605178. [PMID: 28168202 PMCID: PMC5266810 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3605178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from pancreatic β-cell failure in the setting of insulin resistance. In the early stages of this disease, pancreatic β-cells meet increased insulin demand by both enhancing insulin-secretory capacity and increasing β-cell mass. As the disease progresses, β-cells fail to maintain these compensatory responses. This involves both extrinsic signals and mediators intrinsic to β-cells, which adversely affect β-cells by impairing insulin secretion, decreasing proliferative capacities, and ultimately causing apoptosis. In recent years, it has increasingly been recognized that changes in circulating levels of various factors from other organs play roles in β-cell dysfunction and cellular loss. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of interorgan communications underlying β-cell failure during the progression of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
- *Katsuya Tanabe:
| | - Kikuko Amo-Shiinoki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hatanaka
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yukio Tanizawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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17
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Diepenbroek C, Eggels L, Ackermans MT, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A, Serlie MJ, la Fleur SE. Differential effects of hypercaloric choice diets on insulin sensitivity in rats. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:49-57. [PMID: 27754934 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We showed previously that rats on a free-choice high-fat, high-sugar (fcHFHS) diet become rapidly obese and develop glucose intolerance within a week. Interestingly, neither rats on a free-choice high-fat diet (fcHF), although equally obese and hyperphagic, nor rats on a free-choice high-sugar (fcHS) diet consuming more sugar water, develop glucose intolerance. Here, we investigate whether changes in insulin sensitivity contribute to the observed glucose intolerance and whether this is related to consumption of saturated fat and/or sugar water. Rats received either a fcHFHS, fcHF, fcHS or chow diet for one week. We performed a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with stable isotope dilution to measure endogenous glucose production (EGP; hepatic insulin sensitivity) and glucose disappearance (Rd; peripheral insulin sensitivity). Rats on all free-choice diets were hyperphagic, but only fcHFHS-fed rats showed significantly increased adiposity. EGP suppression by hyperinsulinemia in fcHF-fed and fcHFHS-fed rats was significantly decreased compared with chow-fed rats. One week fcHFHS diet also significantly decreased Rd. Neither EGP suppression nor Rd was affected in fcHS-fed rats. Our results imply that, short-term fat feeding impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity, whereas short-term consumption of both saturated fat and sugar water impaired hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. The latter likely contributed to glucose intolerance observed previously. In contrast, overconsumption of only sugar water affected insulin sensitivity slightly, but not significantly, in spite of similar adiposity as fcHF-fed rats and higher sugar intake compared with fcHFHS-fed rats. These data imply that the palatable component consumed plays a role in the development of site-specific insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Diepenbroek
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leslie Eggels
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte T Ackermans
- Department of Clinical ChemistryLaboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration MechanismsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Dai C, Kayton NS, Shostak A, Poffenberger G, Cyphert HA, Aramandla R, Thompson C, Papagiannis IG, Emfinger C, Shiota M, Stafford JM, Greiner DL, Herrera PL, Shultz LD, Stein R, Powers AC. Stress-impaired transcription factor expression and insulin secretion in transplanted human islets. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1857-70. [PMID: 27064285 DOI: 10.1172/jci83657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and progressive β cell dysfunction. Excess glucose and lipid impair β cell function in islet cell lines, cultured rodent and human islets, and in vivo rodent models. Here, we examined the mechanistic consequences of glucotoxic and lipotoxic conditions on human islets in vivo and developed and/or used 3 complementary models that allowed comparison of the effects of hyperglycemic and/or insulin-resistant metabolic stress conditions on human and mouse islets, which responded quite differently to these challenges. Hyperglycemia and/or insulin resistance impaired insulin secretion only from human islets in vivo. In human grafts, chronic insulin resistance decreased antioxidant enzyme expression and increased superoxide and amyloid formation. In human islet grafts, expression of transcription factors NKX6.1 and MAFB was decreased by chronic insulin resistance, but only MAFB decreased under chronic hyperglycemia. Knockdown of NKX6.1 or MAFB expression in a human β cell line recapitulated the insulin secretion defect seen in vivo. Contrary to rodent islet studies, neither insulin resistance nor hyperglycemia led to human β cell proliferation or apoptosis. These results demonstrate profound differences in how excess glucose or lipid influence mouse and human insulin secretion and β cell activity and show that reduced expression of key islet-enriched transcription factors is an important mediator of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity.
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19
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Shao L, Zhou HJ, Zhang H, Qin L, Hwa J, Yun Z, Ji W, Min W. SENP1-mediated NEMO deSUMOylation in adipocytes limits inflammatory responses and type-1 diabetes progression. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8917. [PMID: 26596471 PMCID: PMC4662081 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte dysfunction correlates with the development of diabetes. Here we show that mice with a adipocyte-specific deletion of the SUMO-specific protease SENP1 gene develop symptoms of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), including hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance with mild insulin resistance. Peri-pancreatic adipocytes from SENP1-deficient mice exhibit heightened NF-κB activity and production of proinflammatory cytokines, which induce CCL5 expression in adjacent pancreatic islets and direct cytotoxic effects on pancreatic islets. Mechanistic studies show that SENP1 deletion in adipocytes enhances SUMOylation of the NF-κB essential molecule, NEMO, at lysine 277/309, leading to increased NF-κB activity, cytokine production and pancreatic inflammation. We further show that NF-κB inhibitors could inhibit pre-diabetic cytokine production, β-cell damages and ameliorate the T1DM phenotype in SENP1-deficient mice. Feeding a high-fat diet augments both type-1 and type-2 diabetes phenotypes in SENP1-deficient mice, consistent with the effects on adipocyte-derived NF-κB and cytokine signalling. Our study reveals previously unrecognized mechanism regulating the onset and progression of T1DM associated with adipocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Huanjiao Jenny Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - John Hwa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Zhong Yun
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Weidong Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Shen X, Yang L, Yan S, Zheng H, Liang L, Cai X, Liao M. Fetuin A promotes lipotoxicity in β cells through the TLR4 signaling pathway and the role of pioglitazone in anti-lipotoxicity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:1-11. [PMID: 25986658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetuin A (FetA), a secreted glycoprotein, is known to affect inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in obese humans and animals. Lipotoxicity from chronic hyperlipidemia damages pancreatic β cells, hastening the onset of diabetes. We sought to determine whether FetA promotes lipotoxicity through modulation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory signaling pathway as well as the protective effect of pioglitazone(PIO) on lipotoxicity. METHODS βTC6, a glucose-sensitive mouse pancreatic β cell line, and Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity, were used to investigate FetA-mediated lipotoxicity. Protein expression/activation were measured by Western blotting. Small interfering (si)RNAs for TLR4 were used. Cell apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL analysis or flow cytometry, respectively. Insulin release was assessed with an insulin ELISA. RESULTS FetA dose-dependently aggravated palmitic acid (PA)-induced βTC6 cell apoptosis, insulin secretion impairment, and inhibition of the expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1(PDX-1). Combined FetA + PA induced TLR4 expression, and subsequent inhibition of TLR4 signaling or expression was shown to prevent the strengthening effect of FetA on PA-induced lipotoxicity in βTC6 cells. FetA + PA induced p-JNK and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) subunit P65 expression, and inhibition of this activity reduced PA+ FetA lipotoxicity in βTC6 cells. PIO could ameliorate PA+ FetA-induced damage to βTC6 cells. Similarly, PIO improved insulin secretion disorder, reduced apoptosis, decreased FetA, TLR4, p-JNK, NF-κB subunit P65 and cleaved caspase 3 expression, and increased GPR40 and PDX-1 expression in islet β cells of diet-induced obese rats. The correlative bivariate analysis showed that increases in Fetuin A were directly proportional to the development of β cell injury. CONCLUSIONS FetA can promote lipotoxicity in β cells through the TLR4-JNK-NF-κB signaling pathway. The protective effects of PIO on lipotoxicity in β cells may involve the inhibition of the activation of the FetA and TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Shen
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Liyong Yang
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Sunjie Yan
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Huanhuan Zheng
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Liyu Liang
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuhui Cai
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Meng Liao
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
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Alejandro EU, Gregg B, Blandino-Rosano M, Cras-Méneur C, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Natural history of β-cell adaptation and failure in type 2 diabetes. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 42:19-41. [PMID: 25542976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a complex disease characterized by β-cell failure in the setting of insulin resistance. The current evidence suggests that genetic predisposition, and environmental factors can impair the capacity of the β-cells to respond to insulin resistance and ultimately lead to their failure. However, genetic studies have demonstrated that known variants account for less than 10% of the overall estimated T2D risk, suggesting that additional unidentified factors contribute to susceptibility of this disease. In this review, we will discuss the different stages that contribute to the development of β-cell failure in T2D. We divide the natural history of this process in three major stages: susceptibility, β-cell adaptation and β-cell failure, and provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved. Further research into mechanisms will reveal key modulators of β-cell failure and thus identify possible novel therapeutic targets and potential interventions to protect against β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manuel Blandino-Rosano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Corentin Cras-Méneur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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22
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De Jesus DF, Kulkarni RN. Epigenetic modifiers of islet function and mass. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:628-36. [PMID: 25246382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with insulin resistance in target tissues including the β-cell, leading to significant β-cell loss and secretory dysfunction. T2D is also associated with aging, and the underlying mechanisms that increase susceptibility of an individual to develop the disease implicate epigenetics: interactions between susceptible loci and the environment. In this review, we discuss the effects of aging on β-cell function and adaptation, besides the significance of mitochondria in islet bioenergetics and epigenome. We highlight three important modulators of the islet epigenome, namely: metabolites, hormones, and the nutritional state. Unraveling the signaling pathways that regulate the islet epigenome during aging will help to better understand the development of disease progression and to design novel therapies for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Abdel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 5000 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) exert both positive and negative effects on beta cell survival and insulin secretory function, depending on concentration, duration, and glucose abundance. Lipid signals are mediated not only through metabolic pathways, but also through cell surface and nuclear receptors. Toxicity is modulated by positive signals arising from circulating factors such as hormones, growth factors and incretins, as well as negative signals such as inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Intracellular mechanisms of lipotoxicity include metabolic interference and cellular stress responses such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and possibly autophagy. New findings strengthen an old hypothesis that lipids may also impair compensatory beta cell proliferation. Clinical observations continue to support a role for lipid biology in the risk and progression of both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review summarizes recent work in this important, rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit B Sharma
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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24
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Husni NR, Jones IV AR, Simmons AL, Corkey BE. Fibroblasts from type 1 diabetics exhibit enhanced Ca(2+) mobilization after TNF or fat exposure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87068. [PMID: 24466329 PMCID: PMC3900712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of cytokine and fatty acid treatment on signal transduction in dermal fibroblasts from type 1 diabetics and matched controls were compared. Chronic exposure to TNF, accentuated Ca2+ mobilization in response to bradykinin (BK) in cells from both controls and diabetics; responses were three-fold greater in cells from diabetics than in controls. Similarly, with chronic exposure to IL-1β, BK-induced Ca2+ mobilization was accentuated in cells from type 1 diabetics compared to the controls. Pretreatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide or the protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C prior to the addition of TNF completely abrogated the TNF-induced increment in peak bradykinin response. Ca2+ transients induced by depleting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ with thapsigargin were also greater in TNF treated fibroblasts than in untreated cells, with greater increases in cells from diabetics. Exposing fibroblasts for 48 hours to 2 mM oleate also increased both the peak bradykinin response and the TNF-induced increment in peak response, which were significantly greater in diabetics than controls. These data indicate that cells from diabetic patients acquire elevated ER Ca2+ stores in response to both cytokines and free fatty acids,and thus exhibit greater sensitivity to environmental inflammatory stimuli and elevated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Husni
- Obesity Research Center, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Albert R. Jones IV
- Obesity Research Center, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amber L. Simmons
- Obesity Research Center, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara E. Corkey
- Obesity Research Center, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Huynh K, Bernardo BC, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:375-415. [PMID: 24462787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic population. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiomyopathy, independent of concomitant macro- and microvascular disorders. 'Diabetic cardiomyopathy' is characterized by early impairments in diastolic function, accompanied by the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The pathophysiology underlying diabetes-induced cardiac damage is complex and multifactorial, with elevated oxidative stress as a key contributor. We now review the current evidence of molecular disturbances present in the diabetic heart, and their role in the development of diabetes-induced impairments in myocardial function and structure. Our focus incorporates both the contribution of increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced antioxidant defenses to diabetic cardiomyopathy, together with modulation of protein signaling pathways and the emerging role of protein O-GlcNAcylation and miRNA dysregulation in the progression of diabetic heart disease. Lastly, we discuss both conventional and novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients, from inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, through recent evidence favoring supplementation of endogenous antioxidants for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K(p110α) signaling pathway, and miRNA dysregulation, are also reviewed. Targeting redox stress and protective protein signaling pathways may represent a future strategy for combating the ever-increasing incidence of heart failure in the diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Huynh
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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26
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Rato L, Duarte AI, Tomás GD, Santos MS, Moreira PI, Socorro S, Cavaco JE, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. Pre-diabetes alters testicular PGC1-α/SIRT3 axis modulating mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:335-44. [PMID: 24361842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pre-diabetes, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes development, leads to metabolic changes at testicular level. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) and Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) are pivotal in mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that pre-diabetes disrupts testicular PGC-1α/Sirt3 axis, compromising testicular mitochondrial function. Using a high-energy-diet induced pre-diabetic rat model, we evaluated testicular levels of PGC-1α and its downstream targets, nuclear respiratory factors 1 (NRF-1) and 2 (NRF-2), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and Sirt3. We also assessed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial function, energy levels and oxidative stress parameters. Protein levels were quantified by Western Blot, mtDNA content was determined by qPCR. Mitochondrial complex activity and oxidative stress parameters were spectrophotometrically evaluated. Adenine nucleotide levels, adenosine and its metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine) were determined by reverse-phase HPLC. Pre-diabetic rats showed increased blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance. Both testicular PGC-1α and Sirt3 levels were decreased. NRF-1, NRF-2 and TFAM were not altered. Testicular mtDNA content was decreased. Mitochondrial complex I activity was increased, whereas mitochondrial complex III activity was decreased. Adenylate energy charge was decreased in pre-diabetic rats, as were ATP and ADP levels. Conversely, AMP levels were increased, evidencing a decreased ATP/AMP ratio. Concerning to oxidative stress pre-diabetes decreased testicular antioxidant capacity and increased lipid and protein oxidation. In sum, pre-diabetes compromises testicular mitochondrial function by repressing PGC-1α/Sirt3 axis and mtDNA copy number, declining respiratory capacity and increasing oxidative stress. This study gives new insights into overall testicular bioenergetics at this prodromal stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Rato
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana I Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo D Tomás
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria S Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José E Cavaco
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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27
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Karimian N, Qin T, Liang T, Osundiji M, Huang Y, Teich T, Riddell MC, Cattral MS, Coy DH, Vranic M, Gaisano HY. Somatostatin receptor type 2 antagonism improves glucagon counterregulation in biobreeding diabetic rats. Diabetes 2013; 62:2968-77. [PMID: 23630299 PMCID: PMC3717832 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is partly attributable to inadequate glucagon secretion. Intra-islet somatostatin (SST) suppression of hypoglycemia-stimulated α-cell glucagon release plays an important role. We hypothesized that hypoglycemia can be prevented in autoimmune T1D by SST receptor type 2 (SSTR2) antagonism of α-cells, which relieve SSTR2 inhibition, thereby increasing glucagon secretion. Diabetic biobreeding diabetes-prone (BBDP) rats mimic insulin-dependent human autoimmune T1D, whereas nondiabetic BBDP rats mimic prediabetes. Diabetic and nondiabetic rats underwent a 3-h infusion of vehicle compared with SSTR2 antagonist (SSTR2a) during insulin-induced hypoglycemia clamped at 3 ± 0.5 mmol/L. Diabetic rats treated with SSTR2a needed little or no glucose infusion compared with untreated rats. We attribute this effect to SSTR2a restoration of the attenuated glucagon response. Direct effects of SSTR2a on α-cells was assessed by resecting the pancreas, which was cut into fine slices and subjected to perifusion to monitor glucagon release. SSTR2a treatment enhanced low-glucose-stimulated glucagon and corticosterone secretion to normal levels in diabetic rats. SSTR2a had similar effects in vivo in nondiabetic rats and promoted glucagon secretion from nondiabetic rat and human pancreas slices. We conclude that SST contributes to impaired glucagon responsiveness to hypoglycemia in autoimmune T1D. SSTR2a treatment can fully restore hypoglycemia-stimulated glucagon release sufficient to attain normoglycemia in both diabetic and prediabetic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Karimian
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tairan Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mayowa Osundiji
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yachi Huang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor Teich
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C. Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S. Cattral
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H. Coy
- Department of Medicine, Peptide Research Laboratories, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mladen Vranic
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Herbert Y. Gaisano, , or Mladen Vranic,
| | - Herbert Y. Gaisano
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Herbert Y. Gaisano, , or Mladen Vranic,
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28
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Miani M, Barthson J, Colli ML, Brozzi F, Cnop M, Eizirik DL. Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensitizes pancreatic beta cells to interleukin-1β-induced apoptosis via Bim/A1 imbalance. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e701. [PMID: 23828564 PMCID: PMC3730410 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that the crosstalk between mild endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and low concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β exacerbates beta cell inflammatory responses via the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. We presently investigated whether mild ER stress also sensitizes beta cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-induced ER stress enhanced the IL-1β apoptosis in INS-1E and primary rat beta cells. This was not prevented by XBP1 knockdown (KD), indicating the dissociation between the pathways leading to inflammation and cell death. Analysis of the role of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in cytokine-induced apoptosis indicated a central role for the pro-apoptotic BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only protein Bim (Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death), which was counteracted by four anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) proteins, namely Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1 and A1. CPA+IL-1β-induced beta cell apoptosis was accompanied by increased expression of Bim, particularly the most pro-apoptotic variant, small isoform of Bim (BimS), and decreased expression of A1. Bim silencing protected against CPA+IL-1β-induced apoptosis, whereas A1 KD aggravated cell death. Bim inhibition protected against cell death caused by A1 silencing under all conditions studied. In conclusion, mild ER stress predisposes beta cells to the pro-apoptotic effects of IL-1β by disrupting the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. These findings link ER stress to exacerbated apoptosis during islet inflammation and provide potential mechanistic targets for beta cell protection, namely downregulation of Bim and upregulation of A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miani
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Donath MY, Dalmas É, Sauter NS, Böni-Schnetzler M. Inflammation in obesity and diabetes: islet dysfunction and therapeutic opportunity. Cell Metab 2013; 17:860-872. [PMID: 23747245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the immune system is to restore functionality in response to stress. Increasing evidence shows that this function is not limited to insults by infection or injury and plays a role in response to overnutrition. Initially, this metabolic activation of the immune system is a physiological response, but it may become deleterious with time. Therefore, therapeutic interventions should aim at modulating the immune system rather than simply damping it. In this article, we describe the physiology and pathology of the immune system during obesity and diabetes with a focus on islet inflammation, the IL-1β pathway, and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Y Donath
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Élise Dalmas
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine S Sauter
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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