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Chrudinová M, Kirk NS, Chuard A, Venugopal H, Zhang F, Lubos M, Gelfanov V, Páníková T, Žáková L, Cutone J, Mojares M, DiMarchi R, Jiráček J, Altindis E. A viral insulin-like peptide inhibits IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation and regulates IGF1R gene expression. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101863. [PMID: 38182007 PMCID: PMC10831276 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The insulin/IGF superfamily is conserved across vertebrates and invertebrates. Our team has identified five viruses containing genes encoding viral insulin/IGF-1 like peptides (VILPs) closely resembling human insulin and IGF-1. This study aims to characterize the impact of Mandarin fish ranavirus (MFRV) and Lymphocystis disease virus-Sa (LCDV-Sa) VILPs on the insulin/IGF system for the first time. METHODS We chemically synthesized single chain (sc, IGF-1 like) and double chain (dc, insulin like) forms of MFRV and LCDV-Sa VILPs. Using cell lines overexpressing either human insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A), isoform B (IR-B) or IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), and AML12 murine hepatocytes, we characterized receptor binding, insulin/IGF signaling. We further characterized the VILPs' effects of proliferation and IGF1R and IR gene expression, and compared them to native ligands. Additionally, we performed insulin tolerance test in CB57BL/6 J mice to examine in vivo effects of VILPs on blood glucose levels. Finally, we employed cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) to analyze the structure of scMFRV-VILP in complex with the IGF1R ectodomain. RESULTS VILPs can bind to human IR and IGF1R, stimulate receptor autophosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways. Notably, scMFRV-VILP exhibited a particularly strong affinity for IGF1R, with a mere 10-fold decrease compared to human IGF-1. At high concentrations, scMFRV-VILP selectively reduced IGF-1 stimulated IGF1R autophosphorylation and Erk phosphorylation (Ras/MAPK pathway), while leaving Akt phosphorylation (PI3K/Akt pathway) unaffected, indicating a potential biased inhibitory function. Prolonged exposure to MFRV-VILP led to a significant decrease in IGF1R gene expression in IGF1R overexpressing cells and AML12 hepatocytes. Furthermore, insulin tolerance test revealed scMFRV-VILP's sustained glucose-lowering effect compared to insulin and IGF-1. Finally, cryo-EM analysis revealed that scMFRV-VILP engages with IGF1R in a manner closely resembling IGF-1 binding, resulting in a highly analogous structure. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces MFRV and LCDV-Sa VILPs as novel members of the insulin/IGF superfamily. Particularly, scMFRV-VILP exhibits a biased inhibitory effect on IGF1R signaling at high concentrations, selectively inhibiting IGF-1 stimulated IGF1R autophosphorylation and Erk phosphorylation, without affecting Akt phosphorylation. In addition, MFRV-VILP specifically regulates IGF-1R gene expression and IGF1R protein levels without affecting IR. CryoEM analysis confirms that scMFRV-VILP' binding to IGF1R is mirroring the interaction pattern observed with IGF-1. These findings offer valuable insights into IGF1R action and inhibition, suggesting potential applications in development of IGF1R specific inhibitors and advancing long-lasting insulins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas S Kirk
- WEHI, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Hari Venugopal
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Fa Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Marta Lubos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Terezie Páníková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Richard DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Boston College Biology Department, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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Koch TL, Torres JP, Baskin RP, Salcedo PF, Chase K, Olivera BM, Safavi-Hemami H. A toxin-based approach to neuropeptide and peptide hormone discovery. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1176662. [PMID: 37720554 PMCID: PMC10501145 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1176662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormones and neuropeptides form a diverse class of bioactive secreted molecules that control essential processes in animals. Despite breakthroughs in peptide discovery, many signaling peptides remain undiscovered. Recently, we demonstrated the use of somatostatin-mimicking toxins from cone snails to identify the invertebrate ortholog of somatostatin. Here, we show that this toxin-based approach can be systematically applied to discover other unknown secretory peptides that are likely to have signaling function. Using large sequencing datasets, we searched for homologies between cone snail toxins and secreted proteins from the snails' prey. We identified and confirmed expression of five toxin families that share strong similarities with unknown secretory peptides from mollusks and annelids and in one case also from ecdysozoans. Based on several lines of evidence we propose that these peptides likely act as signaling peptides that serve important physiological functions. Indeed, we confirmed that one of the identified peptides belongs to the family of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, a peptide not previously observed in Spiralia. We propose that this discovery pipeline can be broadly applied to other systems in which one organism has evolved molecules to manipulate the physiology of another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lund Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Joshua P. Torres
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert P. Baskin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Paula Flórez Salcedo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kevin Chase
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Baldomero M. Olivera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Helena Safavi-Hemami
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Vallverdú J, Talanov M, Leukhin A, Fatykhova E, Erokhin V. Hormonal computing: a conceptual approach. Front Chem 2023; 11:1232949. [PMID: 37663143 PMCID: PMC10469008 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1232949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a conceptual roadmap for the use of hormonal bioinspired models in a broad range of AI, neuroengineering, or computational systems. The functional signaling nature of hormones provides an example of a reliable multidimensional information management system that can solve parallel multitasks. Two existing examples of hormonal computing bioinspired possibilities are shortly reviewed, and two novel approaches are introduced, with a special emphasis on what researchers propose as hormonal computing for neurorehabilitation in patients with complete spinal cord injuries. They extend the use of epidural electrical stimulation (EES) by applying sequential stimulations to limbs through prostheses. The prostheses include various limb models and are connected to a neurostimulation bus called the central pattern generator (CPG). The CPG bus utilizes hormonal computing principles to coordinate the stimulation of the spinal cord and muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vallverdú
- ICREA Academia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Max Talanov
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence R&D, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Laboratory of Neuromorphic Computing and Neurosimulatons, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexey Leukhin
- Laboratory of Neuromorphic Computing and Neurosimulatons, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- B-Rain Labs LLC, Kazan, Russi
| | - Elsa Fatykhova
- Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia
| | - Victor Erokhin
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, National Research Council (CNR), Parma, Italy
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Gorai B, Vashisth H. Structural models of viral insulin-like peptides and their analogs. Proteins 2023; 91:62-73. [PMID: 35962629 PMCID: PMC9772067 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR), the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), and the insulin/IGF1 hybrid receptors (hybR) are homologous transmembrane receptors. The peptide ligands, insulin and IGF1, exhibit significant structural homology and can bind to each receptor via site-1 and site-2 residues with distinct affinities. The variants of the Iridoviridae virus family show capability in expressing single-chain insulin/IGF1 like proteins, termed viral insulin-like peptides (VILPs), which can stimulate receptors from the insulin family. The sequences of VILPs lacking the central C-domain (dcVILPs) are known, but their structures in unbound and receptor-bound states have not been resolved to date. We report all-atom structural models of three dcVILPs (dcGIV, dcSGIV, and dcLCDV1) and their complexes with the receptors (μIR, μIGF1R, and μhybR), and probed the peptide/receptor interactions in each system using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on the nonbonded interaction energies computed between each residue of peptides (insulin and dcVILPs) and the receptors, we provide details on residues establishing significant interactions. The observed site-1 insulin/μIR interactions are consistent with previous experimental studies, and a residue-level comparison of interactions of peptides (insulin and dcVILPs) with the receptors revealed that, due to sequence differences, dcVILPs also establish some interactions distinct from those between insulin and IR. We also designed insulin analogs and report enhanced interactions between some analogs and the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Gorai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Gut Microsex/Genderome, Immunity and the Stress Response in the Sexes: An Updated Review. SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex has been universally acknowledged as a confounding factor in every type of biological study, while there are strong sex differences in morbidity along the lifespan. Humans have almost identical genomes (99.2%), yet minor variance in their DNA produces remarkable phenotypic diversity across the human population. On the other hand, metagenomic analysis of the human microbiome is more variable, depending on the sex, lifestyle, geography, and age of individuals under study. Immune responses in humans also exhibit variations, with an especially striking sexual dimorphism, which is at play in several other physiologic processes. Sex steroids have noticeable effects on the composition of the human microbiome along the lifespan, accompanied by parallel changes in immunity and the stress response. Gut microsex/genderome, a recently coined term, defines the sexually dimorphic gut microbiome. Apart from the sex steroids, the stress hormones are also at play in the proliferation of microbes. This review summarizes the concept of gut microsex/genderome under the prism of recent studies on the interrelations of the sexually dimorphic microbiome with immunity and stress.
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Mo G, Hu B, Wei P, Luo Q, Zhang X. The Role of Chicken Prolactin, Growth Hormone and Their Receptors in the Immune System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900041. [PMID: 35910654 PMCID: PMC9331192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) exhibit important roles in the immune system maintenance. In poultry, PRL mainly plays its roles in nesting, hatching, and reproduction, while GH is primarily responding to body weight, fat formation and feed conversion. In this review, we attempt to provide a critical overview of the relationship between PRL and GH, PRLR and GHR, and the immune response of poultry. We also propose a hypothesis that PRL, GH and their receptors might be used by viruses as viral receptors. This may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of viral infection and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Laugesen SH, Chou DHC, Safavi-Hemami H. Unconventional insulins from predators and pathogens. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:688-697. [PMID: 35761080 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and its related peptides are found throughout the animal kingdom, in which they serve diverse functions. This includes regulation of glucose homeostasis, neuronal development and cognition. The surprising recent discovery that venomous snails evolved specialized insulins to capture fish demonstrated the nefarious use of this hormone in nature. Because of their streamlined role in predation, these repurposed insulins exhibit unique characteristics that have unraveled new aspects of the chemical ecology and structural biology of this important hormone. Recently, insulins were also reported in other venomous predators and pathogenic viruses, demonstrating the broader use of insulin by one organism to manipulate the physiology of another. In this Review, we provide an overview of the discovery and biomedical application of repurposed insulins and other hormones found in nature and highlight several unique insights gained from these unusual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helena Safavi-Hemami
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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8
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Tiamani K, Luo S, Schulz S, Xue J, Costa R, Khan Mirzaei M, Deng L. The role of virome in the gastrointestinal tract and beyond. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6608358. [PMID: 35700129 PMCID: PMC9629487 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut virome is comprised of diverse commensal and pathogenic viruses. The colonization by these viruses begins right after birth through vaginal delivery, then continues through breastfeeding, and broader environmental exposure. Their constant interaction with their bacterial hosts in the body shapes not only our microbiomes but us. In addition, these viruses interact with the immune cells, trigger a broad range of immune responses, and influence different metabolic pathways. Besides its key role in regulating the human gut homeostasis, the intestinal virome contributes to disease development in distant organs, both directly and indirectly. In this review, we will describe the changes in the gut virome through life, health, and disease, followed by discussing the interactions between the virome, the microbiome, and the human host as well as providing an overview of their contribution to gut disease and disease of distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jinling Xue
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rita Costa
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Corresponding author: Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Prevention of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany. E-mail:
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Steenblock C, Schwarz PEH, Perakakis N, Brajshori N, Beqiri P, Bornstein SR. The interface of COVID-19, diabetes, and depression. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 2:5. [PMID: 35253006 PMCID: PMC8886346 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Comorbid diabetes with depression is a challenging and often under-recognized clinical problem. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, a communicable disease is thriving on the increasing incidences of these non-communicable diseases. These three different health problems are bidirectionally connected forming a vicious cycle. Firstly, depressed individuals show a higher risk of developing diabetes and patients with diabetes have a higher risk of developing symptoms of depression. Secondly, patients with diabetes have a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 as well as of experiencing breakthrough infections. Thirdly, in both patients with type 2 diabetes and in COVID-19 survivors the prevalence of depression seems to be increased. Fourthly, lockdown and quarantine measurements during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in depression. Therefore, it is of importance to increase the awareness of this interface between depression, diabetes and COVID-19. Finally, as symptoms of post-COVID, diabetes and depression may be overlapping, there is a need for educating skilled personnel in the management of these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter E. H. Schwarz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Naime Brajshori
- Research Unit, Heimerer College, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Petrit Beqiri
- Research Unit, Heimerer College, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
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Fu J, Shinjo T, Li Q, St-Louis R, Park K, Yu MG, Yokomizo H, Simao F, Huang Q, Wu IH, King GL. Regenerating glomerular metabolism and function by podocyte pyruvate kinase M2 in diabetic nephropathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155260. [PMID: 35133981 PMCID: PMC8983139 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) arises from systemic and local changes in glucose metabolism and hemodynamics. We have reported that many glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), were elevated in renal glomeruli of DN-protected type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Here, mice with PKM2-specific overexpression in podocytes (PPKM2Tg) were generated to uncover its renal protective function as potential therapeutic target, which prevented elevated albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), mesangial expansion, basement membrane thickness and podocyte foot process effacement after 7-months of STZ-induced diabetes. Further, diabetes-induced impairment of glycolytic rate and mitochondrial function were normalized in diabetic PPKM2Tg glomeruli, in concordance with elevated Ppargc1a and Vegf expressions. Restored VEGF expression improved glomerular maximal mitochondrial function in diabetic PPKM2Tg and WT mice. Elevated VEGF levels were observed in the glomeruli of DN-protected patients with chronic type 1 diabetes, and clinically correlated with estimated GFR, but not glycemic control. Mechanistically, the preservations of mitochondrial function and VEGF expression were dependent on tetrameric structure and enzymatic activities of PKM2 in podocyte. These findings demonstrated that PKM2 structure and enzymatic activation in podocytes can preserve entire glomerular mitochondrial function against toxicity of hyperglycemia via paracrine factors such as VEGF and prevent DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Fu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Li
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Marc G Yu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Fabricio Simao
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Huang
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - George L King
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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11
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Zhang F, Altindis E, Kahn CR, DiMarchi RD, Gelfanov V. A viral insulin-like peptide is a natural competitive antagonist of the human IGF-1 receptor. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101316. [PMID: 34400347 PMCID: PMC8621328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural sources of molecular diversity remain of utmost importance as a reservoir of proteins and peptides with unique biological functions. We recently identified such a family of viral insulin-like peptides (VILPs). We sought to advance the chemical methods in synthesis to explore the structure-function relationship within these VILPs, and the molecular basis for differential biological activities relative to human IGF-1 and insulin. METHODS Optimized chemical methods in synthesis were established for a set of VILPs and related analogs. These modified forms included the substitution of select VILP chains with those derived from human insulin and IGF-1. Each peptide was assessed in vitro for agonism and antagonism at the human insulin and the human insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). RESULTS We report here that one of these VILPs, lymphocystis disease virus-1 (LCDV1)-VILP, has the unique property to be a potent and full antagonist of the IGF-1R. We demonstrate the coordinated importance of the B- and C-chains of the VILP in regulating this activity. Moreover, mutation of the glycine following the first cysteine in the B-chain of IGF-1 to serine, in concert with substitution to the connecting peptide of LCDV1-VILP, converted native IGF-1 to a high potency antagonist. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal novel aspects in ligand-receptor interactions at the IGF-1 receptor and identify a set of antagonists of potential medicinal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Boston College Biology Department, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Richard D DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Vasily Gelfanov
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, 5225 Exploration Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46241, USA
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Girdhar K, Powis A, Raisingani A, Chrudinová M, Huang R, Tran T, Sevgi K, Dogus Dogru Y, Altindis E. Viruses and Metabolism: The Effects of Viral Infections and Viral Insulins on Host Metabolism. Annu Rev Virol 2021; 8:373-391. [PMID: 34586876 PMCID: PMC9175272 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the cross-talk between viruses and host metabolism. Several studies have elucidated the mechanisms through which viral infections manipulate metabolic pathways including glucose, fatty acid, protein, and nucleotide metabolism. These pathways are evolutionarily conserved across the tree of life and extremely important for the host's nutrient utilization and energy production. In this review, we focus on host glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid metabolism and highlight the pathways manipulated by the different classes of viruses to increase their replication. We also explore a new system of viral hormones in which viruses mimic host hormones to manipulate the host endocrine system. We discuss viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides and their potential effects on host metabolism. Together, these pathogenesis mechanisms targeting cellular signaling pathways create a multidimensional network of interactions between host and viral proteins. Defining and better understanding these mechanisms will help us to develop new therapeutic tools to prevent and treat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Girdhar
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Amaya Powis
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Amol Raisingani
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Ruixu Huang
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Tu Tran
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Kaan Sevgi
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Yusuf Dogus Dogru
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
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13
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Borella F, Carosso AR, Cosma S, Preti M, Collemi G, Cassoni P, Bertero L, Benedetto C. Gut Microbiota and Gynecological Cancers: A Summary of Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Future Directions. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:987-1009. [PMID: 33848139 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, important relationships between the microbiota and human health have emerged. A link between alterations of microbiota composition (dysbiosis) and cancer development has been recently demonstrated. In particular, the composition and the oncogenic role of intestinal bacterial flora has been extensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies focusing on gastrointestinal tumors. Overall, the development of gastrointestinal tumors is favored by dysbiosis as it leads to depletion of antitumor substances (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) produced by healthy microbiota. Moreover, dysbiosis leads to alterations of the gut barrier, promotes a chronic inflammatory status through activation of toll-like receptors, and causes metabolic and hormonal dysregulations. However, the effects of these imbalances are not limited to the gastrointestinal tract and they can influence gynecological tumor carcinogenesis as well. The purpose of this Review is to provide a synthetic update about the mechanisms of interaction between gut microbiota and the female reproductive tract favoring the development of neoplasms. Furthermore, novel therapeutic approaches based on the modulation of microbiota and their role in gynecological oncology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Borella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Preti
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giammarco Collemi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Wallis M. Do some viruses use growth hormone, prolactin and their receptors to facilitate entry into cells?: Episodic evolution of hormones and receptors suggests host-virus arms races; related placental lactogens may provide protective viral decoys. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000268. [PMID: 33521987 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular evolution of pituitary growth hormone and prolactin in mammals shows two unusual features: episodes of markedly accelerated evolution and, in some species, complex families of related proteins expressed in placenta and resulting from multiple gene duplications. Explanations of these phenomena in terms of physiological adaptations seem unconvincing. Here, I propose an alternative explanation, namely that these evolutionary features reflect the use of the hormones (and their receptors) as viral receptors. Episodes of rapid evolution can then be explained as due to "arms races" in which changes in the hormone lead to reduced interaction with the virus, and subsequent changes in the virus counteract this. Placental paralogues of the hormones could provide decoys that bind viruses, and protect the foetus against infection. The hypothesis implies that the extensive changes introduced into growth hormone, prolactin and their receptors during the course of mammalian evolution reflect viral interactions, not endocrine adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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15
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Gut Microbiome, Diabetes, and Obesity: Complex Interplay of Physiology. GUT MICROBIOME-RELATED DISEASES AND THERAPIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59642-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Elhag DA, Kumar M, Al Khodor S. Exploring the Triple Interaction between the Host Genome, the Epigenome, and the Gut Microbiome in Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010125. [PMID: 33374418 PMCID: PMC7795494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disorder characterized by a complex interaction between the host immune system and various environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified different T1D risk and protection alleles, however, little is known about the environmental factors that can be linked to these alleles. Recent evidence indicated that, among those environmental factors, dysbiosis (imbalance) in the gut microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of T1D, affecting the integrity of the gut and leading to systemic inflammation and auto-destruction of the pancreatic β cells. Several studies have identified changes in the gut microbiome composition in humans and animal models comparing T1D subjects with controls. Those changes were characterized by a higher abundance of Bacteroides and a lower abundance of the butyrate-producing bacteria such as Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa. The mechanisms by which the dysbiotic bacteria and/or their metabolites interact with the genome and/or the epigenome of the host leading to destructive autoimmunity is still not clear. As T1D is a multifactorial disease, understanding the interaction between different environmental factors such as the gut microbiome, the genetic and the epigenetic determinants that are linked with the early appearance of autoantibodies can expand our knowledge about the disease pathogenesis. This review aims to provide insights into the interaction between the gut microbiome, susceptibility genes, epigenetic factors, and the immune system in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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17
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Characterization of viral insulins reveals white adipose tissue-specific effects in mice. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101121. [PMID: 33220491 PMCID: PMC7770979 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Members of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) superfamily are well conserved across the evolutionary tree. We recently showed that four viruses in the Iridoviridae family possess genes that encode proteins highly homologous to human insulin/IGF-1. Using chemically synthesized single-chain (sc), i.e., IGF-1-like, forms of the viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides (VILPs), we previously showed that they can stimulate human receptors. Because these peptides possess potential cleavage sites to form double chain (dc), i.e., more insulin-like, VILPs, in this study, we have characterized dc forms of VILPs for Grouper iridovirus (GIV), Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and Lymphocystis disease virus-1 (LCDV-1) for the first time. Methods The dcVILPs were chemically synthesized. Using murine fibroblast cell lines overexpressing insulin receptor (IR-A or IR-B) or IGF1R, we first determined the binding affinity of dcVILPs to the receptors and characterized post-receptor signaling. Further, we used C57BL/6J mice to study the effect of dcVILPs on lowering blood glucose. We designed a 3-h dcVILP in vivo infusion experiment to determine the glucose uptake in different tissues. Results GIV and SGIV dcVILPs bind to both isoforms of human insulin receptor (IR-A and IR-B) and to the IGF1R, and for the latter, show higher affinity than human insulin. These dcVILPs stimulate IR and IGF1R phosphorylation and post-receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo. Both GIV and SGIV dcVILPs stimulate glucose uptake in mice. In vivo infusion experiments revealed that while insulin (0.015 nmol/kg/min) and GIV dcVILP (0.75 nmol/kg/min) stimulated a comparable glucose uptake in heart and skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue, GIV dcVILP stimulated 2-fold higher glucose uptake in white adipose tissue (WAT) compared to insulin. This was associated with increased Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) gene expression compared to insulin in WAT. Conclusions Our results show that GIV and SGIV dcVILPs are active members of the insulin superfamily with unique characteristics. Elucidating the mechanism of tissue specificity for GIV dcVILP will help us to better understand insulin action, design new analogs that specifically target the tissues and provide new insights into their potential role in disease. Viral insulin/IGF1-like peptides (VILPs) are microbial members of the insulin superfamily. VILPs bind to human IR and IGF1R and stimulate post-receptor signaling. Grouper iridovirus (GIV) VILP has white adipose tissue (WAT)-specific characteristics. GIV VILP stimulates increased glucose uptake in WAT via increased GLUT4 expression.
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18
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Racine PJ, Janvier X, Clabaut M, Catovic C, Souak D, Boukerb AM, Groboillot A, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Duclairoir-Poc C, Lesouhaitier O, Orange N, Chevalier S, Feuilloley MGJ. Dialog between skin and its microbiota: Emergence of "Cutaneous Bacterial Endocrinology". Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:790-800. [PMID: 32682345 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial endocrinology is studying the response of microorganisms to hormones and neurohormones and the microbiota production of hormones-like molecules. Until now, it was mainly applied to the gut and revealed that the intestinal microbiota should be considered as a real organ in constant and bilateral interactions with the whole human body. The skin harbours the second most abundant microbiome and contains an abundance of nerve terminals and capillaries, which in addition to keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, dendritic cells and endothelial cells, release a huge diversity of hormones and neurohormones. In the present review, we will examine recent experimental data showing that, in skin, molecules such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, natriuretic peptides and catecholamines can directly affect the physiology and virulence of common skin-associated bacteria. Conversely, bacteria are able to synthesize and release compounds including histamine, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid or peptides showing partial homology with neurohormones such as α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH). The more surprising is that some viruses can also encode neurohormones mimicking proteins. Taken together, these elements demonstrate that there is also a cutaneous microbial endocrinology and this emerging concept will certainly have important consequences in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Racine
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Xavier Janvier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Maximilien Clabaut
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Chloe Catovic
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Djouhar Souak
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Amine M Boukerb
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Anne Groboillot
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Yoan Konto-Ghiorghi
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Cécile Duclairoir-Poc
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Nicole Orange
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA4312, University of Rouen Normandy, Normandie Université, Evreux, France
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19
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Jensen EA, Young JA, Mathes SC, List EO, Carroll RK, Kuhn J, Onusko M, Kopchick JJ, Murphy ER, Berryman DE. Crosstalk between the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and the gut microbiome: A new frontier for microbial endocrinology. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 53-54:101333. [PMID: 32717585 PMCID: PMC7938704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both the GH/IGF-1 axis and the gut microbiota independently play an important role in host growth, metabolism, and intestinal homeostasis. Inversely, abnormalities in GH action and microbial dysbiosis (or a lack of diversity) in the gut have been implicated in restricted growth, metabolic disorders (such as chronic undernutrition, anorexia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes), and intestinal dysfunction (such as pediatric Crohn's disease, colonic polyps, and colon cancer). Over the last decade, studies have demonstrated that the microbial impact on growth may be mediated through the GH/IGF-1 axis, pointing toward a potential relationship between GH and the gut microbiota. This review covers current research on the GH/IGF-1 axis and the gut microbiome and its influence on overall host growth, metabolism, and intestinal health, proposing a bidirectional relationship between GH and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jensen
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Edward O List
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Jaycie Kuhn
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Maria Onusko
- The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - John J Kopchick
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Erin R Murphy
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Institute, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America.
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Dedrick S, Sundaresh B, Huang Q, Brady C, Yoo T, Cronin C, Rudnicki C, Flood M, Momeni B, Ludvigsson J, Altindis E. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 32174888 PMCID: PMC7057241 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is regarded as an autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency resulting from destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The incidence rates of T1D have increased worldwide. Over the past decades, progress has been made in understanding the complexity of the immune response and its role in T1D pathogenesis, however, the trigger of T1D autoimmunity remains unclear. The increasing incidence rates, immigrant studies, and twin studies suggest that environmental factors play an important role and the trigger cannot simply be explained by genetic predisposition. Several research initiatives have identified environmental factors that potentially contribute to the onset of T1D autoimmunity and the progression of disease in children/young adults. More recently, the interplay between gut microbiota and the immune system has been implicated as an important factor in T1D pathogenesis. Although results often vary between studies, broad compositional and diversity patterns have emerged from both longitudinal and cross-sectional human studies. T1D patients have a less diverse gut microbiota, an increased prevalence of Bacteriodetes taxa and an aberrant metabolomic profile compared to healthy controls. In this comprehensive review, we present the data obtained from both animal and human studies focusing on the large longitudinal human studies. These studies are particularly valuable in elucidating the environmental factors that lead to aberrant gut microbiota composition and potentially contribute to T1D. We also discuss how environmental factors, such as birth mode, diet, and antibiotic use modulate gut microbiota and how this potentially contributes to T1D. In the final section, we focus on existing recent literature on microbiota-produced metabolites, proteins, and gut virome function as potential protectants or triggers of T1D onset. Overall, current results indicate that higher levels of diversity along with the presence of beneficial microbes and the resulting microbial-produced metabolites can act as protectors against T1D onset. However, the specifics of the interplay between host and microbes are yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Dedrick
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | | | - Qian Huang
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Claudia Brady
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Tessa Yoo
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Cronin
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Caitlin Rudnicki
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Michael Flood
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Babak Momeni
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Emrah Altindis
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21
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Irwin DM. Viral Hormones: Do They Impact Human Endocrinology? Endocrinology 2019; 160:2326-2327. [PMID: 31369078 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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