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Boychenko S, Egorova VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:790. [PMID: 38931457 PMCID: PMC11206576 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown. While white adipose tissue functions predominantly as a key energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a greater mass of mitochondria and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene, which allows thermogenesis and rapid catabolism. Even though white and brown adipocytes are of different origin, activation of the brown adipocyte differentiation program in white adipose tissue cells forces them to transdifferentiate into "beige" adipocytes, characterized by thermogenesis and intensive lipolysis. Nowadays, researchers in the field of small molecule medicinal chemistry and gene therapy are making efforts to develop new drugs that effectively overcome insulin resistance and counteract obesity. Here, we discuss various aspects of white-to-beige conversion, adipose tissue catabolic re-activation, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
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2
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Shi Z, Xiong S, Hu R, Wang Z, Park J, Qian Y, Wang J, Bhalla P, Velupally N, Song Q, Song Z, Jeon MS, Zhang KK, Xie L, Layden BT, Ong SG, Jiang Y. The Notch-PDGFRβ axis suppresses brown adipocyte progenitor differentiation in early post-natal mice. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1233-1251.e5. [PMID: 38569546 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
De novo brown adipogenesis holds potential in combating the epidemics of obesity and diabetes. However, the identity of brown adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) and their regulation have not been extensively explored. Here, through in vivo lineage tracing and mouse modeling, we observed that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ)+ pericytes give rise to developmental brown adipocytes but not to those in adult homeostasis. By contrast, T-box 18 (TBX18)+ pericytes contribute to brown adipogenesis throughout both developmental and adult stages, though in a depot-specific manner. Mechanistically, Notch inhibition in PDGFRβ+ pericytes promotes brown adipogenesis by downregulating PDGFRβ. Furthermore, inhibition of Notch signaling in PDGFRβ+ pericytes mitigates high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS)-induced glucose and metabolic impairment in mice during their development and juvenile phases. Collectively, these findings show that the Notch/PDGFRβ axis negatively regulates developmental brown adipogenesis, and its repression promotes brown adipose tissue expansion and improves metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxiao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shaolei Xiong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ruoci Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zilai Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jooman Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yanyu Qian
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jaden Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pratibha Bhalla
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nipun Velupally
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Minsun Stacey Jeon
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ke Kurt Zhang
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linlin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Medical VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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3
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Bellitto V, Gabrielli MG, Martinelli I, Roy P, Nittari G, Cocci P, Palermo FA, Amenta F, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Tomassoni D, Tayebati SK. Dysfunction of the Brown Adipose Organ in HFD-Obese Rats and Effect of Tart Cherry Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:388. [PMID: 38671836 PMCID: PMC11047636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a great impact on adipose tissue biology, based on its function as a master regulator of energy balance. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes remodeling, and its activity declines in obese subjects due to a whitening process. The anti-obesity properties of fruit extracts have been reported. The effects of tart cherry against oxidative stress, inflammation, and the whitening process in the BAT of obese rats were investigated. Intrascapular BAT (iBAT) alterations and effects of Prunus cerasus L. were debated in rats fed for 17 weeks with a high-fat diet (DIO), in DIO supplemented with seed powder (DS), and with seed powder plus the juice (DJS) of tart cherry compared to CHOW rats fed with a normo-caloric diet. iBAT histologic observations revealed a whitening process in DIO rats that was reduced in the DS and DJS groups. A modulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) protein and gene expression specifically were detected in the obese phenotype. An upregulation of UCP-1 and related thermogenic genes after tart cherry intake was detected compared to the DIO group. Metabolic adjustment, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein carbonylation, and the inflammatory microenvironment in the iBAT were reported in DIO rats. The analysis demonstrated an iBAT modulation that tart cherry promoted. In addition to our previous results, these data confirm the protective impact of tart cherry consumption on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Bellitto
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Gabrielli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.C.); (F.A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Proshanta Roy
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Giulio Nittari
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.C.); (F.A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.C.); (F.A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.C.); (F.A.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (V.B.); (I.M.); (P.R.); (G.N.); (F.A.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.)
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health and highlight some recent developments in understanding and exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue plays critical roles in the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism and secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has a detrimental impact on metabolic health and is intimately involved in key aspects of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, lipid overload, inflammation, and organelle stress. Differences in the distribution of fat depots and adipose characteristics relate to divergent degrees of metabolic dysfunction found in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning as a metabolic sink and participating in crosstalk with other metabolic organs. Manipulation of adipose tissue provides a wealth of opportunities to intervene and combat the progression of associated metabolic diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs and touch upon emerging strategies with therapeutic potential including exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis, and administration or inhibition of adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John C. Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Alaei S, Goodarzi P, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B. Brown adipose tissue and alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:91-107. [PMID: 36322277 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of senile dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral disability. The two histopathological hallmarks in this disease are the extraneuronal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Despite this, central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction, such as abnormal brain signaling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and impaired glucose utilization, have been indicated to be correlated with AD. There is solid evidence that the age-associated thermoregulatory deficit induces diverse metabolic changes associated with AD development. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been known as a thermoregulatory organ particularly vital during infancy. However, in recent years, BAT has been accepted as an endocrine organ, being involved in various functions that prevent AD, such as regulating energy metabolism, secreting hormones, improving insulin sensitivity, and increasing glucose utilization in adult humans. This review focuses on the mechanisms of BAT activation and the effect of aging on BAT production and signaling. Specifically, the evidence demonstrating the effect of BAT on pathological mechanisms influencing the development of AD, including insulin pathway, thermoregulation, and other hormonal pathways, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Polyzos SA, Mantzoros CS. Metreleptin for the treatment of lipodystrophy: leading the way among novel therapeutics for this unmet clinical need. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:885-888. [PMID: 35352624 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2059974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Araújo MC, Soczek SHS, Pontes JP, Marques LAC, Santos GS, Simão G, Bueno LR, Maria-Ferreira D, Muscará MN, Fernandes ES. An Overview of the TRP-Oxidative Stress Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Insights for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081292. [PMID: 35455971 PMCID: PMC9030853 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology characterized by visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. It has become a global epidemic associated with increased consumption of high-calorie, low-fibre food and sedentary habits. Some of its underlying mechanisms have been identified, with hypoadiponectinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress as important factors for MS establishment and progression. Alterations in adipokine levels may favour glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity which, in turn, contribute to inflammation and cellular stress responses within the adipose, pancreatic and liver tissues, in addition to hepatic steatosis. The multiple mechanisms of MS make its clinical management difficult, involving both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective calcium channels involved in a plethora of physiological events, including energy balance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from animal models of disease has contributed to identify their specific contributions to MS and may help to tailor clinical trials for the disease. In this context, the oxidative stress sensors TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPC5, play major roles in regulating inflammatory responses, thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, the interplay between these TRP channels and oxidative stress in MS is discussed in the light of novel therapies to treat this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael C. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Suzany H. S. Soczek
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline P. Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo A. C. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Gabriela S. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Laryssa R. Bueno
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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8
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Zhang Y, Shen WJ, Qiu S, Yang P, Dempsey G, Zhao L, Zhou Q, Hao X, Dong D, Stahl A, Kraemer FB, Leung LL, Morser J. Chemerin regulates formation and function of brown adipose tissue: Ablation results in increased insulin resistance with high fat challenge and aging. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21687. [PMID: 34089273 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100156r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its role in inflammation and immunity, chemerin is also involved in white adipocyte biology. To study the role of chemerin in adipocyte metabolism, we examined the function of chemerin in brown adipose tissue. Brown and white adipocyte precursors were differentiated into adipocytes in the presence of Chemerin siRNA. Chemerin-deficient (Chem-/- ) mice were compared to wild-type mice when fed a high-fat diet. Chemerin is expressed during brown adipocyte differentiation and knock down of chemerin mRNA results in decreased brown adipocyte differentiation with reduced fatty acid uptake in brown adipocytes. Chem-/- mice are leaner than wild-type mice but gain more weight when challenged with high-fat diet feeding, resulting in a larger increase in fat deposition. Chem-/- mice develop insulin resistance when on a high-fat diet or due to age. Brown adipose depots in Chem-/- mice weigh more than in wild-type mice, but with decreased mitochondrial content and function. Compared to wild-type mice, male Chem-/- mice have decreased oxygen consumption, CO2 production, energy expenditure, and a lower respiratory exchange ratio. Additionally, body temperature of Chem-/- mice is lower than that of wild-type mice. These results revealed that chemerin is expressed during brown adipocyte differentiation and has a pivotal role in energy metabolism through brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shuo Qiu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Pinglin Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Garrett Dempsey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Hao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dachuan Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence L Leung
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Morser
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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9
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Friedrich VK, Rubel MA, Schurr TG. Mitochondrial genetic variation in human bioenergetics, adaptation, and adult disease. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23629. [PMID: 34146380 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondria are critical for the survival of eukaryotic organisms due to their ability to produce cellular energy, which drives virtually all aspects of host biology. However, the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in relation to disease etiology and adaptation within contemporary global human populations remains incompletely understood. METHODS To develop a more holistic understanding of the role of mtDNA diversity in human adaptation, health, and disease, we investigated mitochondrial biology and bioenergetics. More specifically, we synthesized details from studies of mitochondrial function and variation in the context of haplogroup background, climatic adaptation, and oxidative disease. RESULTS The majority of studies show that mtDNA variation arose during modern human dispersal around the world. Some of these variants appear to have been positively selected for their adaptiveness in colder climates, with these sequence changes having implications for tissue-specific function and thermogenic capacity. In addition, many variants modulating energy production are also associated with damaging metabolic byproducts and mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, are implicated in the onset and severity of several different adult mitochondrial diseases. Thus, mtDNA variation that governs bioenergetics, metabolism, and thermoregulation may potentially have adverse consequences for human health, depending on the genetic background and context in which it occurs. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that the mitochondrial research field would benefit from independently replicating mtDNA haplogroup-phenotype associations across global populations, incorporating potentially confounding environmental, demographic, and disease covariates into studies of mtDNA variation, and extending association-based studies to include analyses of complete mitogenomes and assays of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volney K Friedrich
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meagan A Rubel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Translational Imaging and Precision Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Cai X, Feng Y, Xu M, Yu C, Xie W. Gadd45b is required in part for the anti-obesity effect of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:434-441. [PMID: 33643822 PMCID: PMC7893119 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between xenobiotic metabolism and energy metabolism in the liver has provided a potential opportunity to target xenobiotic receptors to treat metabolic diseases. Activation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, has been shown to inhibit obesity, suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, and ameliorate hyperglycemia in rodent models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be defined. The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45b (Gadd45b), a well-known anti-apoptotic factor, has been shown to be an inducible coactivator of CAR in promoting rapid liver growth. It is unknown whether the effect of CAR on energy metabolism depends on GADD45B. In the present study and by using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model, we show that reduced body weight gain and improved insulin sensitivity by the CAR agonist 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) were markedly blunted in Gadd45b knockout mice. Mechanistically, the TCPOBOP-responsive inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and adipose inflammation observed in wild type mice were largely abolished in Gadd45b knockout mice. We conclude that Gadd45b is required in part for the metabolic benefits of CAR activation.
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11
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Lagarde D, Jeanson Y, Barreau C, Moro C, Peyriga L, Cahoreau E, Guissard C, Arnaud E, Galinier A, Bouzier-Sore AK, Pellerin L, Chouchani ET, Pénicaud L, Ader I, Portais JC, Casteilla L, Carrière A. Lactate fluxes mediated by the monocarboxylate transporter-1 are key determinants of the metabolic activity of beige adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100137. [PMID: 33268383 PMCID: PMC7949083 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of energy-dissipating brown/beige adipocytes represents an attractive therapeutic strategy against metabolic disorders. While lactate is known to induce beiging through the regulation of Ucp1 gene expression, the role of lactate transporters on beige adipocytes' ongoing metabolic activity remains poorly understood. To explore the function of the lactate-transporting monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), we used a combination of primary cell culture studies, 13C isotopic tracing, laser microdissection experiments, and in situ immunofluorescence of murine adipose fat pads. Dissecting white adipose tissue heterogeneity revealed that the MCT1 is expressed in inducible beige adipocytes as the emergence of uncoupling protein 1 after cold exposure was restricted to a subpopulation of MCT1-expressing adipocytes suggesting MCT1 as a marker of inducible beige adipocytes. We also observed that MCT1 mediates bidirectional and simultaneous inward and outward lactate fluxes, which were required for efficient utilization of glucose by beige adipocytes activated by the canonical β3-adrenergic signaling pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that significant lactate import through MCT1 occurs even when glucose is not limiting, which feeds the oxidative metabolism of beige adipocytes. These data highlight the key role of lactate fluxes in finely tuning the metabolic activity of beige adipocytes according to extracellular metabolic conditions and reinforce the emerging role of lactate metabolism in the control of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lagarde
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Barreau
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Lindsay Peyriga
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute TBI - INSA de Toulouse INSA/CNRS 5504 - UMR INSA/INRA 7924, Toulouse, France; MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Edern Cahoreau
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute TBI - INSA de Toulouse INSA/CNRS 5504 - UMR INSA/INRA 7924, Toulouse, France; MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Guissard
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Arnaud
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Galinier
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Luc Pellerin
- INSERM U1082, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Toulouse Biotechnology Institute TBI - INSA de Toulouse INSA/CNRS 5504 - UMR INSA/INRA 7924, Toulouse, France; MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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Modulation of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expression in Mice Acutely Infected with Neospora caninum. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070587. [PMID: 32709166 PMCID: PMC7399848 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that in cattle assumes particular importance, as it is responsible for abortions reported worldwide. Leptin is an adipokine mainly secreted by adipocytes, which beside its role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis also has important effects in both innate and adaptive immunity. In previous work, we showed that mice chronically infected with N. caninum had elevated serum leptin levels. Here, we sought to assess whether acute infection with N. caninum infection influenced the production of this adipokine as well as leptin receptor mRNA levels. Our results show that acute infection with N. caninum led to decreased leptin serum levels and mRNA expression in adipose tissue. A decrease in leptin receptor transcript variant 1 mRNA (long isoform) and leptin receptor transcript variant 3 mRNA (one of the short isoforms) expression was also observed. An increase in the number of cells staining positive for leptin in the liver of infected mice was observed, although this increase was less marked in Interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 p40-deficient mice. Overall, our results show that N. caninum infection also influences leptin production during acute infection.
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Deng L, Ou Z, Huang D, Li C, Lu Z, Liu W, Wu F, Nong C, Gao J, Peng Y. Diverse effects of different Akkermansia muciniphila genotypes on Brown adipose tissue inflammation and whitening in a high-fat-diet murine model. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104353. [PMID: 32592821 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the metabolic protective effects of Akkermansia muciniphila (A.muciniphila) genotypes on high-fat diet mice and explore possible mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, including high-fat diet (HFD)+ A. muciniphila I/II/PBS group, normal control diet (NCD)+ A. muciniphila I/II/PBS group, respectively. Dietary intervention and A. muciniphila gavage were performed simultaneously. Blood glucose and lipid metabolism, brown adipose morphology and activities, and intestinal barrier function were examined after the mice were sacrificed. RESULTS A.muciniphila gavage improved the impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia and liver steatosis in HFD mice, and that A. muciniphila II (Amuc_GP25) was not as effective as A. muciniphila I (Amuc_GP01). This phenomenon might be because Amuc_GP01 intervention significantly inhibited brown adipose tissue whitening and inflammation induced by HFD, by repairing the intestinal barrier and relieving endotoxemia. Amuc_GP25 did not display the same results as Amuc_GP01 in HFD mice but had stronger effects in the NCD mice. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the distinct functions of different A. muciniphila genotypes on diet-induced obesity, suggesting that different A. muciniphila genotypes may affect pathological conditions differently through distinct action pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
| | - Zihao Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
| | - Dongquan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
| | - Zhi Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
| | - Wanting Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
| | - Feifan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
| | - Caihong Nong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
| | - Yongzheng Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
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14
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Unique Genetic and Histological Signatures of Mouse Pericardial Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061855. [PMID: 32580292 PMCID: PMC7353424 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for a plethora of metabolic disturbances including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence is showing that there is an adipose tissue depot-dependent relationship with obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. While some adipose depots, such as subcutaneous fat, are generally metabolically innocuous, others such as visceral fat, are directly deleterious. A lesser known visceral adipose depot is the pericardial adipose tissue depot. We therefore set out to examine its transcriptional and morphological signature under chow and high-fat fed conditions, in comparison with other adipose depots, using a mouse model. Our results revealed that under chow conditions pericardial adipose tissue has uncoupling-protein 1 gene expression levels which are significantly higher than classical subcutaneous and visceral adipose depots. We also observed that under high-fat diet conditions, the pericardial adipose depot exhibits greatly upregulated transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines. Our results collectively indicate, for the first time, that the pericardial adipose tissue possesses a unique transcriptional and histological signature which has features of both a beige (brown fat-like) but also pro-inflammatory depot, such as visceral fat. This unique profile may be involved in metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity.
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15
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Pravednikova AE, Shevchenko SY, Kerchev VV, Skhirtladze MR, Larina SN, Kachaev ZM, Egorov AD, Shidlovskii YV. Association of uncoupling protein (Ucp) gene polymorphisms with cardiometabolic diseases. Mol Med 2020; 26:51. [PMID: 32450815 PMCID: PMC7249395 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary aspect of obesity is a major focus of modern medical genetics. The genetic background is known to determine a higher-than-average prevalence of obesity in certain regions, like Oceania. There is evidence that dysfunction of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may be a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A significant number of studies in the field focus on the UCP family. The Ucp genes code for electron transport carriers. UCP1 (thermogenin) is the most abundant protein of the UCP superfamily and is expressed in BAT, contributing to its capability of generating heat. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Ucp1-Ucp3 were recently associated with risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This review covers the main Ucp SNPs A-3826G, A-1766G, A-112C, Met229Leu, Ala64Thr (Ucp1), Ala55Val, G-866A (Ucp2), and C-55 T (Ucp3), which may be associated with the development of obesity, disturbance in lipid metabolism, T2D, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Pravednikova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y. Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Kerchev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Manana R. Skhirtladze
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Larina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zaur M. Kachaev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulii V. Shidlovskii
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Herz CT, Kiefer FW. The Transcriptional Role of Vitamin A and the Retinoid Axis in Brown Fat Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:608. [PMID: 33071960 PMCID: PMC7531533 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has gained significance as a metabolic organ dissipating energy through heat production. Promotion of a thermogenic program in fat holds great promise as potential therapeutic tool to counteract weight gain and related sequelae. Current research efforts are aimed at identifying novel pathways regulating brown fat function and the transformation of white adipocytes into BAT-like cells, a process called "browning." Besides numerous genetic factors some circulating molecules can act as mediators of adipose tissue thermogenesis. Vitamin A metabolites, the retinoids, are potent regulators of gene transcription through nuclear receptor signaling and are thus involved in a plethora of metabolic processes. Accumulating evidence links retinoid action to brown fat function and browning of WAT mainly via orchestrating a transcriptional BAT program in adipocytes including expression of key thermogenic genes such as uncoupling protein 1. Here we summarize the current understanding how retinoids play a role in adipose tissue thermogenesis through transcriptional control of thermogenic gene cassettes and potential non-genomic mechanisms.
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Abstract
Understanding the mammalian energy balance can pave the way for future therapeutics that enhance energy expenditure as an anti-obesity and anti-diabetic strategy. Several studies showed that brown adipose tissue activity increases daily energy expenditure. However, the size and activity of brown adipose tissue is reduced in individuals with obesity and type two diabetes. Humans have an abundance of functionally similar beige adipocytes that have the potential to contribute to increased energy expenditure. This makes beige adipocytes a promising target for metabolic disease therapies. While brown adipocytes tend to be stable, beige adipocytes have a high level of plasticity that allows for the rapid and dynamic induction of thermogenesis by external stimuli such as low environmental temperatures. This means that after browning stimuli have been withdrawn beige adipocytes quickly transition back to their white adipose state. The detailed molecular mechanisms regulating beige adipocytes development, function, and reversibility are not fully understood. The goal of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of beige fat development and origins, along with the transcriptional and epigenetic programs that lead to beige fat formation, and subsequent thermogenesis in humans. An improved understanding of the molecular pathways of beige adipocyte plasticity will enable us to selectively manipulate beige cells to induce and maintain their thermogenic output thus improving the whole-body energy homeostasis.
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18
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Gioldasi S, Karvela A, Rojas-Gil AP, Rodi M, de Lastic AL, Thomas I, Spiliotis BE, Mouzaki A. Metabolic Association between Leptin and the Corticotropin Releasing Hormone. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:458-466. [PMID: 30727936 PMCID: PMC7360915 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190206165626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective In healthy individuals, leptin is produced from adipose tissue and is secreted into the circulation to communicate energy balance status to the brain and control fat metabolism. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is synthesized in the hypothalamus and regulates stress responses. Among the many adipokines and hormones that control fat metabolism, leptin and CRH both curb appetite and inhibit food intake. Despite numerous reports on leptin and CRH properties and function, little has been actually shown about their association in the adipose tissue environment. Methods In this article, we summarized the salient information on leptin and CRH in relation to metabolism. We also investigated the direct effect of recombinant CRH on leptin secretion by primary cultures of human adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of 7 healthy children and adolescents, and measured CRH and leptin levels in plasma collected from peripheral blood of 24 healthy children and adolescents to assess whether a correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery. Results and Conclusion The available data indicate that CRH exerts a role in the regulation of leptin in human adipocytes. We show that CRH downregulates leptin production by mature adipocytes and that a strong negative correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery, and suggest the possible mechanisms of CRH control of leptin. Delineation of CRH control of leptin production by adipocytes may explain unknown pathogenic mechanisms linking stress and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gioldasi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexia Karvela
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Maria Rodi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anne-Lise de Lastic
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Iason Thomas
- Department of Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bessie E Spiliotis
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Abstract
Studies have linked obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Their relationship to the incidence and progression of these disease states suggests an interconnected pathogenesis involving chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome represents comorbidities of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, atherosclerotic CVD and neurodegenerative disease. As the socioeconomic burden for these diseases has grown signficantly with an increasing elderly population, new and alternative pharmacologic solutions for these cardiometabolic diseases are required. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver are central endocrine organs that regulate inflammation, energy and metabolic homeostasis, and the neuroendocrine axis through synthesis and secretion of adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines, respectively. These organokines affect each other and communicate through various endocrine, paracrine and autocrine pathways. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of organ crosstalk. This will include the roles of novel organokines in normal physiologic regulation and their pathophysiological effect in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, CVD, NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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20
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Cinti S. Anatomy and physiology of the nutritional system. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:101-107. [PMID: 30965049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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White, brown, beige and pink: A rainbow in the adipose organ. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Professor of Human Anatomy, Director, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
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Intrauterine Malnutrition Reduced Long Leptin Receptor Isoform Expression and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Male Rat Pulmonary Endothelial Cells Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8597361. [PMID: 30116155 PMCID: PMC6079436 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8597361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims We have previously shown that low birth weight (LBW) rats exposed to intrauterine malnutrition have an impaired lung inflammatory response and reduced levels of inflammatory mediators; however, circulating leptin levels were not increased. We evaluated long leptin receptor isoform (ObRb) expression in lung endothelial cells from low birth weight rats and examined its role in the production of lipid mediators and cytokines. Methods Lung endothelial cells were obtained from normal birth weight (NBW) rats or LBW rats subjected to intrauterine malnutrition. These cells were stimulated with leptin (10 ng/mL), LPS (lipopolysaccharide, 1 μg/mL), or leptin plus LPS. Six hours after stimulation, the production of inflammatory mediators (PGE2, LTB4, IL-1β, and IL-6) was evaluated using commercial ELISA kits, and Western blotting was performed to investigate p38MAPK, NF-κB, and ObRb expression. Results Leptin increased IL-1β levels in only cells from the NBW group, whereas LPS increased PGE2 and LTB4 levels in cells from both groups; leptin addition potentiated lipid mediator production induced by LPS in the NBW group. LPS enhanced the production of IL-1β and IL-6 in only endothelial cells from NBW rats. Leptin receptor expression was decreased (63%) in endothelial cells from LBW rats. None of the stimuli increased NF-κB or p38 signaling pathway expression in cells from LBW rats. Conclusion These results suggest that intrauterine malnutrition compromises leptin receptor expression and cytokine production in pulmonary endothelial cells stimulated by LPS; these effects seem to involve the NF-κB and p38MAPK signaling pathways.
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Kotzbeck P, Giordano A, Mondini E, Murano I, Severi I, Venema W, Cecchini MP, Kershaw EE, Barbatelli G, Haemmerle G, Zechner R, Cinti S. Brown adipose tissue whitening leads to brown adipocyte death and adipose tissue inflammation. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:784-794. [PMID: 29599420 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m079665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores and releases lipids, whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT) oxidizes lipids to fuel thermogenesis. In obese individuals, WAT undergoes profound changes; it expands, becomes dysfunctional, and develops a low-grade inflammatory state. Importantly, BAT content and activity decline in obese subjects, mainly as a result of the conversion of brown adipocytes to white-like unilocular cells. Here, we show that BAT "whitening" is induced by multiple factors, including high ambient temperature, leptin receptor deficiency, β-adrenergic signaling impairment, and lipase deficiency, each of which is capable of inducing macrophage infiltration, brown adipocyte death, and crown-like structure (CLS) formation. Brown-to-white conversion and increased CLS formation were most marked in BAT from adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl)-deficient mice, where, according to transmission electron microscopy, whitened brown adipocytes contained enlarged endoplasmic reticulum, cholesterol crystals, and some degenerating mitochondria, and were surrounded by an increased number of collagen fibrils. Gene expression analysis showed that BAT whitening in Atgl-deficient mice was associated to a strong inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Altogether, the present findings suggest that converted enlarged brown adipocytes are highly prone to death, which, by promoting inflammation in whitened BAT, may contribute to the typical inflammatory state seen in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kotzbeck
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Incoronata Murano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wiebe Venema
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Cecchini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Giorgio Barbatelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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25
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Ahmadian M, Liu S, Reilly SM, Hah N, Fan W, Yoshihara E, Jha P, De Magalhaes Filho CD, Jacinto S, Gomez AV, Dai Y, Yu RT, Liddle C, Atkins AR, Auwerx J, Saltiel AR, Downes M, Evans RM. ERRγ Preserves Brown Fat Innate Thermogenic Activity. Cell Rep 2018; 22:2849-2859. [PMID: 29539415 PMCID: PMC5884669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) adaptively transfers energy from glucose and fat into heat by inducing a gene network that uncouples mitochondrial electron transport. However, the innate transcription factors that enable the rapid adaptive response of BAT are unclear. Here, we identify estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) as a critical factor for maintaining BAT identity. ERRγ is selectively expressed in BAT versus WAT, in which, in the absence of PGC1α, it drives a signature transcriptional network of thermogenic and oxidative genes in the basal (i.e., thermoneutral) state. Mice lacking ERRγ in adipose tissue (ERRγKO mice) display marked downregulation of BAT-selective genes that leads to a pronounced whitening of BAT. Consistent with the transcriptional changes, the thermogenic capacity of ERRγKO mice is severely blunted, such that they fail to survive an acute cold challenge. These findings reveal a role for ERRγ as a critical thermoneutral maintenance factor required to prime BAT for thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmadian
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sihao Liu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0757, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eiji Yoshihara
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pooja Jha
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Jacinto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew V Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0757, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0757, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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26
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Rozenblit-Susan S, Chapnik N, Froy O. Serotonin prevents differentiation into brown adipocytes and induces transdifferentiation into white adipocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:704-710. [PMID: 29081505 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Serotonin is synthesized by many cells in the periphery to affect vasoconstriction, intestinal motility, and glucose and lipid metabolism. It has recently been shown that serotonin leads to fat accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the direct effect of serotonin on brown adipose tissue differentiation and metabolism is limited. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of serotonin on brown adipocyte metabolism and differentiation. METHODS Non-differentiated HIB1B cells and differentiated HIB1B brown adipocytes were treated with serotonin and their metabolism and differentiation examined. RESULTS Differentiated HIB1B brown adipocytes treated with serotonin had reduced levels of the thermogenic markers uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and increased levels of UCP2. In parallel, serotonin led to 3-6-fold reduction in the gene expression of brown adipocyte differentiation markers, that is, Prdm16 (positive regulatory domain 16), Bmp7 (bone morphogenic protein 7) and Pparγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ). Serotonin treatment reduced catabolism and mitochondrial activity shifting metabolism towards fatty acid synthesis rather than oxidation. Strikingly, non-differentiated HIB1B preadipocytes incubated with serotonin failed to differentiate into brown adipocytes. Moreover, although BMP6-treated myoblasts can readily differentiate into brown adipocytes, serotonin interfered with this process. CONCLUSIONS Serotonin leads to whitening of brown adipocytes, shifting their metabolism to fat accumulation rather than oxidation. In addition, serotonin interferes with the differentiation process into brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rozenblit-Susan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - O Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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27
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Exercise during pregnancy and its impact on mothers and offspring in humans and mice. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 9:63-76. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise during pregnancy has beneficial effects on maternal and offspring’s health in humans and mice. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This comparative study aimed to determine the long-term effects of an exercise program on metabolism, weight gain, body composition and changes in hormones [insulin, leptin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)]. Pregnant women (n=34) and mouse dams (n=44) were subjected to an exercise program compared with matched controls (period I). Follow-up in the offspring was performed over 6 months in humans, corresponding to postnatal day (P) 21 in mice (period II). Half of the mouse offspring was challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks between P70 and P112 (period III). In period I, exercise during pregnancy led to 6% lower fat content, 40% lower leptin levels and an increase of 50% BDNF levels in humans compared with controls, which was not observed in mice. After period II in humans and mice, offspring body weight did not differ from that of the controls. Further differences were observed in period III. Offspring of exercising mouse dams had significantly lower fat mass and leptin levels compared with controls. In addition, at P112, BDNF levels in offspring were significantly higher from exercising mothers while this effect was completely blunted by HFD feeding. In this study, we found comparable effects on maternal and offspring’s weight gain in humans and mice but different effects in insulin, leptin and BDNF. The long-term potential protective effects of exercise on biomarkers should be examined in human studies.
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28
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Lanfray D, Richard D. Emerging Signaling Pathway in Arcuate Feeding-Related Neurons: Role of the Acbd7. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:328. [PMID: 28690493 PMCID: PMC5481368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the mechanisms whereby energy balance is regulated is essential to the unraveling of the pathophysiology of obesity. In the last three decades, focus was put on the metabolic role played by the hypothalamic neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) and the neurons co-localizing agouti-related peptide (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These neurons are part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway, whose role is key in energy balance regulation. More recently, the metabolic involvement of further hypothalamic uncharacterized neuron populations has been suggested. In this review, we discuss the potential homeostatic implication of hypothalamic GABAergic neurons that produce Acyl-Coa-binding domain containing protein 7 (ACBD7), precursor of the nonadecaneuropeptide (NDN), which has recently been characterized as a potent anorexigenic neuropeptide capable of relaying the leptin anorectic/thermogenic effect via the melanocortin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lanfray
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
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29
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Nel S, Strijdom H, Genis A, Everson F, Van Wijk R, Kotzé S. A histomorphometric study on the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) combined with a high-calorie diet (HCD) on aortic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Acta Histochem 2017; 119:555-562. [PMID: 28606728 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), surrounding arteries is metabolically active. Obesity and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may cause pathophysiological conditions in the aortic wall and surrounding PVAT. The aim of the study was to determine the histological effects on the aortic wall, aortic PVAT adipocyte morphology and leptin staining intensity in obese rats treated with ART. Wistar rats (N=36) were divided into four groups; a lean control (C/ART-), ART control (C/ART+), high-calorie diet (HCD) untreated (HCD/ART-) and HCD and ART experimental (HCD/ART+). The aorta and surrounding PVAT were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and anti-leptin antibodies for immunohistochemistry (IHC). The C/ART+ group had a thinner tunica media compared to the HCD/ART- group. The tunica adventitia was thicker in the ART groups (C/ART+ and HCD/ART+) compared to the lean control group. White adipocytes in the HCD/ART- group was larger in size compared to the other three groups. The high-calorie diet groups (HCD/ART- and HCD/ART+) had increased adipocyte sizes, for both brown and differentiating adipocytes, compared to the control groups (C/ART- and C/ART+). The unilocular and differentiating adipocytes in the C/ART+ group showed intense leptin staining. Unilocular and differentiating adipocytes in the HCD/ART- and HCD/ART+ groups showed weak to no leptin staining intensity. The present study indicated that ART and a HCD, separately and combined, altered both the tunica media and adventitia of the aortic wall, whereas the HCD alone caused adipocytes to increase in size. The leptin staining intensity suggested that ART alone may lead to increased leptin expression, whereas ART combined with a HCD may cause leptin deficiency. Changes seen with ART in a rat model suggest that aortic wall thickness and PVAT adipocyte morphology alterations should be considered by clinicians in obese individuals receiving ART.
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30
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Halverson SJ, Warhoover T, Mencio GA, Lovejoy SA, Martus JE, Schoenecker JG. Leptin Elevation as a Risk Factor for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Independent of Obesity Status. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017; 99:865-872. [PMID: 28509827 PMCID: PMC5426400 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is strongly associated with childhood obesity, yet the prevalence of obesity is orders of magnitude greater than the prevalence of SCFE. Therefore, it is hypothesized that obesity is not, by itself, a sufficient condition for SCFE, but rather one component of a multifactorial process requiring preexisting physeal pathology. Leptin elevation is seen to varying degrees in patients with obesity, and as leptin has been shown to cause physeal pathology similar to the changes seen in SCFE, we propose that leptin may be a factor distinguishing between patients with SCFE and equally obese children without hip abnormalities. METHODS Serum leptin levels were obtained from 40 patients with SCFE and 30 control patients with approximate body mass index (BMI) matching. BMI percentiles were calculated according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention population data by patient age and sex. Patients were compared by demographic characteristics, leptin levels, odds of leptin elevation, and odds of SCFE. RESULTS The odds of developing SCFE was increased by an odds ratio of 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 18.48; p < 0.02) in patients with elevated leptin levels, regardless of obesity status, sex, and race. When grouping patients by their obesity status, non-obese patients with SCFE showed elevated median leptin levels at 5.8 ng/mL compared with non-obese controls at 1.7 ng/mL (p = 0.006). Similarly, obese patients with SCFE showed elevated median leptin levels at 17.9 ng/mL compared with equally obese controls at 10.5 ng/mL (p = 0.039). Serum leptin levels increased in association with obesity (p < 0.001), with an increase in leptin of 0.17 ng/mL (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.27 ng/mL) per BMI percentile point. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first to clinically demonstrate an association between elevated serum leptin levels and SCFE, regardless of BMI. This adds to existing literature suggesting that SCFE is a multifactorial process and that leptin levels may have profound physiological effects on the development of various disease states. Despite a strong association with adiposity, leptin levels vary between patients of equal BMI and may be a vital resource in prognostication of future obesity-related comorbidities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuyler J. Halverson
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tracy Warhoover
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory A. Mencio
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven A. Lovejoy
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey E. Martus
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan G. Schoenecker
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,E-mail address for J.G. Schoenecker:
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31
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D'souza AM, Neumann UH, Glavas MM, Kieffer TJ. The glucoregulatory actions of leptin. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1052-1065. [PMID: 28951828 PMCID: PMC5605734 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hormone leptin is an important regulator of metabolic homeostasis, able to inhibit food intake and increase energy expenditure. Leptin can also independently lower blood glucose levels, particularly in hyperglycemic models of leptin or insulin deficiency. Despite significant efforts and relevance to diabetes, the mechanisms by which leptin acts to regulate blood glucose levels are not fully understood. Scope of review Here we assess literature relevant to the glucose lowering effects of leptin. Leptin receptors are widely expressed in multiple cell types, and we describe both peripheral and central effects of leptin that may be involved in lowering blood glucose. In addition, we summarize the potential clinical application of leptin in regulating glucose homeostasis. Major conclusions Leptin exerts a plethora of metabolic effects on various tissues including suppressing production of glucagon and corticosterone, increasing glucose uptake, and inhibiting hepatic glucose output. A more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of the glucose-lowering actions of leptin may reveal new strategies to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M D'souza
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ursula H Neumann
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Maria M Glavas
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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32
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Jensen VFH, Mølck AM, Berthelsen LO, Alifrangis L, Andersen L, Chapman M, Lykkesfeldt J, Bøgh IB. Toxicological Effects during and following Persistent Insulin-Induced Hypoglycaemia in Healthy Euglycaemic Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:53-66. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivi F. H. Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Section for Experimental Animal Models; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Toxicology; Safety Pharm and Pathology; Novo Nordisk A/S; Maaloev Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Mølck
- Department of Toxicology; Safety Pharm and Pathology; Novo Nordisk A/S; Maaloev Denmark
| | - Line O. Berthelsen
- Department of Toxicology; Safety Pharm and Pathology; Novo Nordisk A/S; Maaloev Denmark
| | - Lene Alifrangis
- Department of Development DMPK; Novo Nordisk A/S; Maaloev Denmark
| | - Lene Andersen
- Department of Diabetes Bioanalysis; Novo Nordisk A/S; Maaloev Denmark
| | | | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Section for Experimental Animal Models; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ingrid B. Bøgh
- Department of Toxicology; Safety Pharm and Pathology; Novo Nordisk A/S; Maaloev Denmark
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33
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Pradhan RN, Zachara M, Deplancke B. A systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and metabolic activation. Obes Rev 2017; 18 Suppl 1:65-81. [PMID: 28164456 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes regulate energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling. This makes these fat cells attractive therapeutic targets to tackle the burgeoning issue of obesity, which itself is coupled to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and fatty liver disease. Recent research has revealed a complex network underlying brown fat cell differentiation and thermogenic activation, involving secreted factors, signal transduction, metabolic pathways and gene regulatory components. Given that brown fat is now reported to be present in adult humans, it is desirable to harness the knowledge from each network module to design effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will present a systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and the subsequent metabolic activation of brown adipocytes by integrating signaling, metabolic and gene regulatory modules with a specific focus on known 'druggable' targets within each module.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Pradhan
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Zachara
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Aboualizadeh E, Carmichael OT, He P, Albarado DC, Morrison CD, Hirschmugl CJ. Quantifying Biochemical Alterations in Brown and Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissues of Mice Using Fourier Transform Infrared Widefield Imaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:121. [PMID: 28620356 PMCID: PMC5450226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating increased thermogenic activity in adipose tissue is an important biological target for obesity treatment, and label-free imaging techniques with the potential to quantify stimulation-associated biochemical changes to the adipose tissue are highly sought after. In this study, we used spatially resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging to quantify biochemical changes caused by cold exposure in the brown and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (BAT and s-WAT) of 6 week-old C57BL6 mice exposed to 30°C (N = 5), 24°C (N = 5), and 10°C (N = 5) conditions for 10 days. Fat exposed to colder temperatures demonstrated greater thermogenic activity as indicated by increased messenger RNA expression levels of a panel of thermogenic marker genes including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and Dio2. Protein to lipid ratio, calculated from the ratio of the integrated area from 1,600 to 1,700 cm-1 (amide I) to the integrated area from 2,830 to 2,980 cm-1 (saturated lipids), was elevated in 10°C BAT and s-WAT compared to 24°C (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001) and 30°C (p = 0.0033 and p < 0.0001). Greater protein to lipid ratio was associated with greater UCP-1 expression level in the BAT (p = 0.021) and s-WAT (p = 0.032) and greater Dio2 expression in s-WAT (p = 0.033). The degree of unsaturation, calculated from the ratio of the integrated area from 2,992 to 3,020 cm-1 (unsaturated lipids) to the integrated area from 2,830 to 2,980 cm-1 (saturated lipids), showed stepwise decreases going from colder-exposed to warmer-exposed BAT. Complementary 1H NMR measurements confirmed the findings from this ratio in BAT. Principal component analysis applied to FTIR spectra revealed pronounced differences in overall spectral characteristics between 30, 24, and 10°C BAT and s-WAT. Spatially resolved FTIR imaging is a promising technique to quantify cold-induced biochemical changes in BAT and s-WAT in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Aboualizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Ping He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Diana C. Albarado
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Carol J. Hirschmugl
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Carol J. Hirschmugl,
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35
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Caliskan OS, Sardan Ekiz M, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Spatial Organization of Functional Groups on Bioactive Supramolecular Glycopeptide Nanofibers for Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to Brown Adipogenesis. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:740-750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozum S. Caliskan
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melis Sardan Ekiz
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse B. Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O. Guler
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Nagasaki H, Ohta T. Extrauterine growth and adipocytokines in appropriate-for-gestational-age preterm infants. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:584-588. [PMID: 26717447 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra-uterine growth retardation in preterm infants is associated with an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases later in life. Adipocytokines are also associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. We examined the relationship between extra-uterine growth and serum concentrations of adipocytokines and metabolic hormones in preterm infants. METHODS Serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, insulin, IL-6, TNF-α, C-peptide, GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon were measured in 38 appropriate-for-gestational-age preterm infants at birth, and at 33 and 38 weeks of postmenstrual age using a Bio-Plex 200TM suspension array system. RESULTS Serum concentrations of leptin were not correlated with body weight at any time point. However, serum concentrations of adiponectin were correlated with body weight at all time points. Serum concentrations of IL-6 were decreased from birth to 33 and 38 weeks. Serum concentrations of TNF-α were not changed. Serum concentrations of C-peptide, GIP and glucagon increased from birth to 33 weeks, and decreased from 33 to 38 weeks. Serum concentrations of insulin and GLP-1 were not changed. CONCLUSION Changes in serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin showed unique profiles, thereby suggesting maldevelopment of white adipose tissue. This may affect the future development of adipose tissue and lead to increased risk for cardio-metabolic disorders. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Nagasaki
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ryukyu University, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Takao Ohta
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ryukyu University, Nishihara, Japan
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Martin R, Shapiro JI. Role of adipocytes in hypertension. World J Hypertens 2016; 6:66-75. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v6.i2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has known for some time that obesity is associated with salt sensitivity and hypertension, recent data suggests that the adipocyte may actually be the proximate cause of this physiological changes. In the following review, the data demonstrating this association as well as the potentially operative pathophysiological mechanisms are reviewed and discussed.
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Giordano A, Frontini A, Cinti S. Convertible visceral fat as a therapeutic target to curb obesity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:405-24. [PMID: 26965204 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic and preventative strategies are needed to address the growing obesity epidemic. In animal models, brown adipose tissue activation and the associated heat produced contribute to countering obesity and the accompanying metabolic abnormalities. Adult humans also have functional brown fat. Here, we present and discuss the concepts of murine and human white adipose tissue plasticity and the transdifferentiation of white adipocytes into brown adipocytes. Human visceral adipocytes - which are crucial contributors to the burden of obesity and its complications - are particularly susceptible to such transdifferentiation. Therefore, we propose that this process should be a focus of anti-obesity research. Approved drugs that have browning properties as well as future drugs that target molecular pathways involved in white-to-brown visceral adipocyte transdifferentiation may provide new avenues for obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto, 10/A 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto, 10/A 60020 Ancona, Italy.,Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, 60020 Ancona, Italy
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Lerea JS, Ring LE, Hassouna R, Chong ACN, Szigeti-Buck K, Horvath TL, Zeltser LM. Reducing Adiposity in a Critical Developmental Window Has Lasting Benefits in Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:666-78. [PMID: 26587784 PMCID: PMC4733128 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although most adults can lose weight by dieting, a well-characterized compensatory decrease in energy expenditure promotes weight regain more than 90% of the time. Using mice with impaired hypothalamic leptin signaling as a model of early-onset hyperphagia and obesity, we explored whether this unfavorable response to weight loss could be circumvented by early intervention. Early-onset obesity was associated with impairments in the structure and function of brown adipose tissue mitochondria, which were ameliorated by weight loss at any age. Although decreased sympathetic tone in weight-reduced adults resulted in net reductions in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and energy expenditure that promoted rapid weight regain, this was not the case when dietary interventions were initiated at weaning. Enhanced energy expenditure persisted even after mice were allowed to resume overeating, leading to lasting reductions in adiposity. These findings reveal a time window when dietary interventions can produce metabolic improvements that are stably maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S Lerea
- Institute of Human Nutrition (J.S.L., A.C.N.N.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Anesthesiology (L.E.R.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (R.H., L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.S.-B., T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Neurobiology (T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Laurence E Ring
- Institute of Human Nutrition (J.S.L., A.C.N.N.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Anesthesiology (L.E.R.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (R.H., L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.S.-B., T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Neurobiology (T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Rim Hassouna
- Institute of Human Nutrition (J.S.L., A.C.N.N.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Anesthesiology (L.E.R.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (R.H., L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.S.-B., T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Neurobiology (T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Angie C N Chong
- Institute of Human Nutrition (J.S.L., A.C.N.N.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Anesthesiology (L.E.R.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (R.H., L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.S.-B., T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Neurobiology (T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Institute of Human Nutrition (J.S.L., A.C.N.N.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Anesthesiology (L.E.R.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (R.H., L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.S.-B., T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Neurobiology (T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Institute of Human Nutrition (J.S.L., A.C.N.N.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Anesthesiology (L.E.R.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (R.H., L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.S.-B., T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Neurobiology (T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Lori M Zeltser
- Institute of Human Nutrition (J.S.L., A.C.N.N.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Anesthesiology (L.E.R.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (R.H., L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.S.-B., T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Department of Neurobiology (T.L.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (L.M.Z.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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Plush KJ, Hebart ML, Brien FD, Hynd PI. Variation in physiological profiles may explain breed differences in neonatal lamb thermoregulation. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ability to adapt rapidly from the uterine environment to self-thermoregulation following birth is a vital requirement for neonatal lamb survival. This investigation reports factors that could explain differences in thermoregulation among breeds that differ in lamb survival. Breeds such as the Merino and Border Leicester have previously been shown to be divergent for birthweight, cold resistance and lamb survival. Cross-bred (Poll Dorset Border Leicester (PDBL, n = 9) and Poll Dorset Merino (PDM, n = 25)) and pure-bred (Border Leicester (BL, n = 35) and Merino (M, n = 46)) lambs were recorded for the thermogenic measures rectal temperature at birth, cold resistance (time for rectal temperature to fall to 35°C while in a cooled water bath) and cold recovery (time to restore rectal temperature after cold exposure) at 1 day of age. In pure-bred lambs, 1 kg increase in weight resulted in a 0.25°C increase in rectal temperature at birth (P < 0.001) and 4.2 min increase in cold resistance (P < 0.001). In contrast, cross-bred lambs did not exhibit any relationship between birthweight and rectal temperature at birth, although they displayed a 3.2 min greater cold resistance for every 1 kg increase in birthweight (P < 0.001). BL-derived lambs were more cold resistant than M lambs (cross-bred: PDBL, 67.1 ± 2.5 min; PDM, 56.4 ± 1.6 min; P < 0.01; and pure-bred: BL, 58.1 ± 1.5 min; M, 53.2 ± 1.3 min; P < 0.01). The quadratic relationship of glucose concentration over time during cold exposure differed with lamb breed. PDBL exhibited higher peak glucose concentrations than did PDM (11.0 mmol/L and 8.9 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.01). BL took longer to reach peak glucose concentration (50 min) than did M (40 min) and this peak value was higher (BL, 9.4 mmol/L; M, 7.7 mmol/L; P < 0.001). In conclusion, variations in birthweight and glucose metabolism are associated with breed differences in thermogenesis of neonatal lambs.
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Pisani DF, Beranger GE, Corinus A, Giroud M, Ghandour RA, Altirriba J, Chambard JC, Mazure NM, Bendahhou S, Duranton C, Michiels JF, Frontini A, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Cinti S, Christian M, Barhanin J, Amri EZ. The K+ channel TASK1 modulates β-adrenergic response in brown adipose tissue through the mineralocorticoid receptor pathway. FASEB J 2015; 30:909-22. [PMID: 26527067 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is essential for adaptive thermogenesis and dissipation of caloric excess through the activity of uncoupling protein (UCP)-1. BAT in humans is of great interest for the treatment of obesity and related diseases. In this study, the expression of Twik-related acid-sensitive K(+) channel (TASK)-1 [a pH-sensitive potassium channel encoded by the potassium channel, 2-pore domain, subfamily K, member 3 (Kcnk3) gene] correlated highly with Ucp1 expression in obese and cold-exposed mice. In addition, Task1-null mice, compared with their controls, became overweight, mainly because of an increase in white adipose tissue mass and BAT whitening. Task1(-/-)-mouse-derived brown adipocytes, compared with wild-type mouse-derived brown adipocytes, displayed an impaired β3-adrenergic receptor response that was characterized by a decrease in oxygen consumption, Ucp1 expression, and lipolysis. This phenotype was thought to be caused by an exacerbation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signaling, given that it was mimicked by corticoids and reversed by an MR inhibitor. We concluded that the K(+) channel TASK1 controls the thermogenic activity in brown adipocytes through modulation of β-adrenergic receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier F Pisani
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume E Beranger
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Corinus
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Maude Giroud
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Rayane A Ghandour
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Claude Chambard
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Saïd Bendahhou
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Duranton
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Frontini
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Saverio Cinti
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Christian
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Barhanin
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- *University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7277, Nice, France; U1091, iBV, INSERM, Nice, France; UMR 7370 and Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), CNRS, Nice, France; Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, UMR 7284 and **U1081, CNRS, Institute for Research in Cancer and Aging in Nice, INSERM, Nice, France; Anatomopathology Service, Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Obesity Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Ancona, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Rodriguez AJ, Mastronardi CA, Paz-Filho GJ. New advances in the treatment of generalized lipodystrophy: role of metreleptin. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:1391-400. [PMID: 26396524 PMCID: PMC4577254 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s66521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant methionyl human leptin or metreleptin is a synthetic leptin analog that has been trialed in patients with leptin-deficient conditions, such as leptin deficiency due to mutations in the leptin gene, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and lipodystrophy syndromes. These syndromes are characterized by partial or complete absence of adipose tissue and hormones derived from adipose tissue, most importantly leptin. Patients deficient in leptin exhibit a number of severe metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis, which can progress to diabetes mellitus, acute pancreatitis, and hepatic cirrhosis, respectively. For the management of these abnormalities, multiple therapies are usually required, and advanced stages may be progressively difficult to treat. Following many successful trials, the US Food and Drug Administration approved metreleptin for the treatment of non-HIV-related forms of generalized lipodystrophy. Leptin replacement therapy with metreleptin has, in many cases, reversed these metabolic complications, with improvements in glucose-insulin-lipid homeostasis, and regression of fatty liver disease. Besides being effective, a daily subcutaneous administration of metreleptin is generally safe, but the causal association between metreleptin and immune complications (such as lymphoma) is still unclear. Moreover, further investigation is needed to elucidate mechanisms by which metreleptin leads to the development of anti-leptin antibodies. Herein, we review clinical aspects of generalized lipodystrophy and the pharmacological profile of metreleptin. Further, we examine studies that assessed the safety and efficacy of metreleptin, and outline some clinical perspectives on the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio A Mastronardi
- Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Gilberto J Paz-Filho
- Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Than A, He HL, Chua SH, Xu D, Sun L, Leow MKS, Chen P. Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14679-91. [PMID: 25931124 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.643817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue expends energy in the form of heat via the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1. Recent studies showed that brown adipose tissue is present in adult humans and may be exploited for its anti-obesity and anti-diabetes actions. Apelin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays important roles in energy metabolism. Here, we report that apelin-APJ signaling promotes brown adipocyte differentiation by increasing the expressions of brown adipogenic and thermogenic transcriptional factors via the PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways. It is also found that apelin relieves the TNFα inhibition on brown adipogenesis. In addition, apelin increases the basal activity of brown adipocytes, as evidenced by the increased PGC1α and UCP1 expressions, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxygen consumption. Finally, we provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence that apelin is able to increase the brown-like characteristics in white adipocytes. This study, for the first time, reveals the brown adipogenic and browning effects of apelin and suggests a potential therapeutic route to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Than
- From the Bioengineering Program, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Hui Ling He
- From the Bioengineering Program, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Si Hui Chua
- From the Bioengineering Program, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Dan Xu
- the Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, and
| | - Lei Sun
- the Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, and
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- the Endocrine and Diabetes Clinic, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- From the Bioengineering Program, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457,
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Peirce V, Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A. The different shades of fat. Nature 2014; 510:76-83. [PMID: 24899307 DOI: 10.1038/nature13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of adipose tissue biology has progressed rapidly since the turn of the century. White adipose tissue has emerged as a key determinant of healthy metabolism and metabolic dysfunction. This realization is paralleled only by the confirmation that adult humans have heat-dissipating brown adipose tissue, an important contributor to energy balance and a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disease. We propose that the development of successful strategies to target brown and white adipose tissues will depend on investigations that elucidate their developmental origins and cell-type-specific functional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Peirce
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- 1] University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- 1] University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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Clerte M, Baron DM, Brouckaert P, Ernande L, Raher MJ, Flynn AW, Picard MH, Bloch KD, Buys ES, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Brown adipose tissue blood flow and mass in obesity: a contrast ultrasound study in mice. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26:1465-73. [PMID: 23993691 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When activated by the sympathetic nervous system, brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases energy expenditure to produce heat. Augmenting BAT mass or increasing BAT activation could potentially be used to decrease obesity. Noninvasive methods to detect and monitor BAT mass are needed. Contrast ultrasound can estimate BAT blood flow and is able to measure the perfused volume of an organ and thus its mass. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether contrast ultrasound could characterize BAT mass in two mouse models of obesity: wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet and mutant db/db mice. METHODS Contrast ultrasound of BAT (Definity 2 μL/min; 14-MHz linear probe) was performed before and after stimulation of BAT with norepinephrine (NE). BAT replenishment curves were obtained, and blood flow was estimated by the product of the curve's plateau and slope. Additionally, consecutive two-dimensional images of perfused BAT were acquired at 1-mm intervals after stimulation with NE and used to assess BAT volume and mass. RESULTS BAT blood flow increased after NE infusion in all mice studied. Blood flow response to NE was similar in wild-type mice fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet. BAT blood flow was lower in db/db mice than in wild-type mice (P = .02). Contrast ultrasound-derived BAT mass was correlated with BAT mass obtained at necropsy (R(2) = 0.83, P < .001). BAT mass was higher in mice fed a high-fat diet than in those fed a low-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Contrast ultrasound can be used to estimate BAT mass in mice when BAT vascularization is not significantly impaired. This noninvasive technique may potentially allow the serial evaluation of therapies designed to augment BAT mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Clerte
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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McGregor RA, Kwon EY, Shin SK, Jung UJ, Kim E, Park JHY, Yu R, Yun JW, Choi MS. Time-course microarrays reveal modulation of developmental, lipid metabolism and immune gene networks in intrascapular brown adipose tissue during the development of diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:1524-31. [PMID: 23628853 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish the time-course of molecular events in intrascapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) during the development of diet-induced obesity using microarrays and molecular network analysis. DESIGN C57BL/6J male inbred mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) and killed at multiple time-points over 24 weeks. METHODS Global transcriptional changes in iBAT were determined by time-course microarrays of pooled RNA (n=6, pools per time-point) at 2, 4, 8, 20 and 24 weeks using Illumina MouseWG-6 v2.0 Beadchips. Molecular networks were constructed using the Ingenuity knowledgebase based on differentially expressed genes at each time-point. RESULTS Body weight and subcutaneous adipose were progressively increased over 24 weeks, whereas iBAT was significantly increased between 6 and 12 weeks in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice compared with controls. Blood glucose and insulin levels were increased between 16 and 24 weeks. Time-course microarrays, revealed 155 differentially expressed genes at one or more time-points over 24 weeks in the iBAT of HFD-fed mice compared with controls. Time-course network analysis revealed a network of skeletal muscle development genes that was activated between 2 and 4 weeks, subsequently a network of immune trafficking genes was activated at 8 weeks. After 20 and 24 weeks, multiple lipid metabolism and immune response networks were activated. Several target genes identified by time-course microarrays were independently validated using RT-qPCR. Tnnc1 was upregulated early between 2 and 4 weeks, later Cd68 and Col1a1 were upregulated between 20 and 24 weeks, whereas 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Hsd11b1) was consistently downregulated during the development of diet-induced obesity. CONCLUSION Molecular networks in iBAT are modulated in a time-dependent manner in response to a HFD. A broad range of gene targets exists to alter molecular changes within iBAT during the development of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A McGregor
- 1] Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea [2] Institute for Innovation in Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
The main parenchymal cells of the adipose organ are adipocytes. White adipocytes store energy, whereas brown adipocytes dissipate energy for thermogenesis. These two cell types with opposing functions can both originate from endothelial cells, and co-exist in the multiple fat depots of the adipose organ - a feature that I propose is crucial for this organ's plasticity. This poster review provides an overview of the adipose organ, describing its anatomy, cytology, physiological function and histopathology in obesity. It also highlights the remarkable plasticity of the adipose organ, explaining theories of adipocyte transdifferentiation during chronic cold exposure, physical exercise or lactation, as well as in obesity. White-to-brown adipocyte transdifferentiation is of particular medical relevance, because animal data indicate that higher amounts of brown adipose tissue are positively associated with resistance to obesity and its co-morbidities, and that 'browning' of the adipose organ curbs these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti-University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), 60020 Ancona, Italy.
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Leptin Antagonizes Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Signaling in Growth Plate Chondrocytes. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:756198. [PMID: 23028384 PMCID: PMC3458404 DOI: 10.1155/2012/756198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an obesity-associated cytokine-like hormone encoded by the ob gene. Recent studies reveal that leptin promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, suggesting a peripheral role of leptin in regulating growth plate function. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a transcriptional regulator of adipogenesis. Locally, PPARγ negatively regulates chondrogenic differentiation and terminal differentiation in the growth plate. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that leptin may suppress the inhibitory effects of PPARγ on growth plate chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were collected from distal femoral growth plates of newborn rats and were cultured in monolayer or cell pellets in the presence or absence of leptin and the PPARγ agonist ciglitazone. The results show that leptin attenuates the suppressive effects of PPARγ on chondrogenic differentiation and T3-mediated chondrocyte hypertrophy. Leptin treatment also leads to a mild downregulation of PPAR mRNA expression and a significant MAPK/ERK-dependent PPARγ phosphorylation at serine 112/82. Blocking MAPK/ERK function with PD98059 confirmed that leptin antagonizes PPARγ function in growth plate chondrocytes through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, leptin signaling in growth plate cells is also negatively modulated by activation of PPARγ, implying that these two signaling pathways are mutually regulated in growth plate chondrocytes.
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Foetal bovine intermuscular adipose tissue exhibits histological and metabolic features of brown and white adipocytes during the last third of pregnancy. Animal 2012; 6:641-9. [PMID: 22436281 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the metabolic and morphological characteristics of bovine intermuscular adipose tissue (AT) throughout foetal growth. Our hypothesis was that the histological and molecular features of intermuscular AT would be different from those previously reported for foetal perirenal AT, based on its anatomical location near the muscle and the recent identification of two distinct adipocyte precursors in mouse AT depending on their locations. To address this question, intermuscular AT was sampled from Charolais and Blond d'Aquitaine foetuses at 180, 210 and 260 days post conception (dpc). The two bovine breeds were chosen because of the higher adiposity of Charolais than Blond d'Aquitaine cattle during the postnatal life. Regardless of the breed, adipocyte volume increased slightly (+38%, P < 0.01) with increasing foetal age. This was concomitant with a decrease (P < 0.05) in the activity of enzymes involved in de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis (FA synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and FA esterification (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) when expressed per million adipocytes, and with an increase (P ⩽ 0.01) in mRNA abundances for uncoupling protein 1, adiponectin and leptin (LEP) between 180 and 260 dpc. No difference was observed in the adipocyte volume between breeds, which was consistent with the lack of major between-breed differences in mRNA abundances or activities of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. The mRNA abundance of lipoprotein lipase was maintained across ages, suggesting a storage of circulating FA rather than of FA synthesized de novo. Plasma LEP increased with foetal age, but only in the Charolais breed (+71%, P ⩽ 0.01), and was two- to threefold higher in Charolais than Blond d'Aquitaine foetuses. Regardless of the breed, bovine intermuscular AT contained predominantly unilocular adipocytes believed to be white adipocytes that were larger at 260 dpc than at 180 dpc. These data thus challenge current concepts of the largely brown nature of bovine foetal AT (based on histological and metabolic features of perirenal AT as previously reported a few days before or after birth).
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Abstract
Fat affects meat quality, value and production efficiency as well as providing energy reserves for pregnancy and lactation in farm livestock. Leptin, the adipocyte product of the obese (ob) gene, was quickly seen as a predictor of body fat content in animals approaching slaughter and an aid to assessing reproductive readiness in females. Its participation in inflammation and immune responses that help animals survive infection and trauma has clear additional relevance to meat and milk production. Furthermore, almost a decade of discoveries of nucleotide polymorphisms in the leptin and leptin receptor genes has suggested useful applications relating to feed intake regulation, the efficiency of feed use, the composition of growth, the timing of puberty, mammogenesis and mammary gland function and fertility in cattle, pigs and poultry. The current review attempts to summarise where research has taken us in each of these aspects and speculates on where future research might lead.
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