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Esposito M, Migliaccio A, Credendino SC, Maturi R, Prevete N, De Vita G. KLHL14 is a tumor suppressor downregulated in undifferentiated thyroid cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:297. [PMID: 38909024 PMCID: PMC11193815 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
KLHL14 is a substrate-binding subunit of Cullin-RING ligase 3 ubiquitin ligase complex, highly enriched in thyroid since early embryonic development, together with its antisense RNA KLHL14-AS. We have previously demonstrated that Klhl14-AS is a competing endogenous RNA regulating several differentiation and survival factors in thyroid cancer, acting as tumor suppressor. Recently, also KLHL14 has been shown to function as tumor suppressor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and in malignant mesothelioma. Here we show that KLHL14 expression is strongly reduced in anaplastic thyroid cancer, the less differentiated and most aggressive type of thyroid neoplasia. Such reduction is reproduced in different in vivo and in vitro models of thyroid cancer, being invariably associated with loss of differentiation. When Klhl14 expression is rescued in thyroid transformed cells, it reduces the cell proliferation rate and increase the number of apoptotic cells. On the other side, Klhl14 loss of function in normal thyroid cells affects the expression of several regulatory as well as functional thyroid markers. All these findings suggest that KLHL14 could be considered as a novel tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer, by also revealing its physiological role in the maintenance of a fully differentiated and functional thyroid phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DiSMeT), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Migliaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Carmela Credendino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rufina Maturi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DiSMeT), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Vita
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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Diba Lahmidi M, Le Noc M, Dali O, Kernanec PY, Merret PE, Jaulin C, Smagulova F. Sex-specific transgenerational effects on murine thyroid gland imposed by ancestral exposure to neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13047. [PMID: 38844538 PMCID: PMC11156953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids, a relatively new widely used class of insecticide is used in agriculture to control insect populations. We examined the capacity of ancestral exposure to the neonicotinoid thiacloprid (thia) to induce transgenerational effects on thyroid tissue. Pregnant outbred Swiss female mice were exposed to thia at embryonic days E6.5 to E15.5 using 0, 0.6, and 6 mg/kg/day doses. Thyroid paraffin sections were prepared for morphology analysis. We apply ELISA method to measure T4 and TSH levels, RT-qPCR for gene expression analysis, ChIP-qPCR techniques for sperm histone H3K4me3 analysis, and immunofluorescence microscopy and western blots for protein detection. We observed an alteration in the morphology of thyroids in both males and females in the F3 generation. We observed an increase in T4 hormone in F1 females and a significant T4 level decrease in F3 males. T4 changes in F1 females were associated with a TSH increase. We found that the amount of Iodothyronine Deiodinase 1 (DIO1) (an enzyme converting T4 to T3) was decreased in both F1 and F3 generations in female thyroids. GNAS protein which is important for thyroid function has increased in female thyroids. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of genes encoding thyroid gland development, chromatin, biosynthesis and transport factors were affected in the thyroid gland in both sexes in F1 and F3. The analysis of sperm histone H3K4me3 showed that H3K4me3 occupancy at the Dio1 locus has decreased while Thyroglobulin (Tg) and Matrix Metallopeptidase 2 (Mmp2) genes have increased H3K4me3 occupancy in the sperm of F3 mice. Besides, DNA methylation analysis of our previously published datasets showed that, in the sperm of F1 and F3 thia-derived mice, several genes related to thyroid function show consistent alterations. Our data suggest that ancestral exposure to thiacloprid affects thyroid function not only in exposed but also in indirectly exposed F3 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Diba Lahmidi
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Le Noc
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ouzna Dali
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Kernanec
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Etienne Merret
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christian Jaulin
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Irset-Inserm UMR 1085, 9 Avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, France.
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3
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Fu M, Ren Z, Gao Y, Zhang H, Guo W, Zhang W. Study of iodine transport and thyroid hormone levels in the human placenta under different iodine nutritional status. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1488-1496. [PMID: 38221821 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Iodine and thyroid hormones (TH) transport in the placenta are essential for fetal growth and development, but there is little research focus on the human placenta. The research aimed to investigate iodine and TH transport mechanisms in the human placenta. The placenta was collected from sixty healthy pregnant women. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum iodine concentration (SIC), placenta iodine storage (PIS) and the concentration of serum and placenta TH were examined. Five pregnant women were selected as insufficient intake (II), adequate intake (AI) and above requirements intake (ARI) groups. Localisation/expression of placental sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and Pendrin were also studied. Results showed that PIS positively correlated with the UIC (R = 0·58, P < 0·001) and SIC (R = 0·55, P < 0·001), and PIS was higher in the ARI group than that in the AI group (P = 0·017). NIS in the ARI group was higher than that in the AI group on the maternal side of the placenta (P < 0·05). NIS in the II group was higher than that in the AI group on the fetal side (P < 0·05). In the II group, NIS on the fetal side was higher than on the maternal side (P < 0·05). Pendrin was higher in the II group than in the AI group on the maternal side (P < 0·05). Free triiodothyronine (r = 0·44, P = 0·0067) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (r = 0·75, P < 0·001) between maternal and fetal side is positively correlated. This study suggests that maternal iodine intake changes the expression of NIS and Pendrin, thereby affecting PIS. Serum TH levels were not correlated with placental TH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanpeng Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin300070, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
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Roshdy K, Alsafy MAM, El-Gendy SAA, El-Mansi AA, Rezk S. Microscopic Focus on the Thyroid Follicles of the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:382-391. [PMID: 38442192 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The microstructure of the thyroid gland of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) was described using morphometric, histological, immunohistochemical staining, and ultrastructural standard techniques. The follicular secretory units of the thyroid glands displayed comparable and variable sizes where the large follicles were situated at the peripheral margins; however, the small ones were located in the central region. Semisquamous epithelium (low cuboidal) lined the large thyroid follicles, while high cuboidal (columnar) epithelium lined the small ones. Our electron microscopic findings revealed that the low-sized cuboidal follicular cells lack organelles and are hypoactive. The high cuboidal follicular cells are active cells and rich in cellular organelles such as cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, colloid droplets, scrolled Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles. A few degenerate follicular cells appeared on rare occasions. The parafollicular cells appeared with a more prominent and conspicuous nucleus than the follicular cells. The follicular cells were classified as active, inactive, or degenerated using transmission electron microscopy. The follicular and parafollicular cells showed calcitonin-positive immunoreactivity. Overall, the presented results showed particular convergences of the morphostructural aspects of the thyroid gland of C. dromedarius to that of other mammals with some distinctive features to cope with their physiology and harsh niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Roshdy
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Alsafy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Samir A A El-Gendy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaymaa Rezk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Fang Y, Wan JP, Wang Z, Song SY, Zhang CX, Yang L, Zhang QY, Yan CY, Wu FY, Lu SY, Sun F, Han B, Zhao SX, Dong M, Song HD. Deficiency of the HGF/Met pathway leads to thyroid dysgenesis by impeding late thyroid expansion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3165. [PMID: 38605010 PMCID: PMC11009301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of bifurcation, a key step in thyroid development, are largely unknown. Here we find three zebrafish lines from a forward genetic screening with similar thyroid dysgenesis phenotypes and identify a stop-gain mutation in hgfa and two missense mutations in met by positional cloning from these zebrafish lines. The elongation of the thyroid primordium along the pharyngeal midline was dramatically disrupted in these zebrafish lines carrying a mutation in hgfa or met. Further studies show that MAPK inhibitor U0126 could mimic thyroid dysgenesis in zebrafish, and the phenotypes are rescued by overexpression of constitutively active MEK or Snail, downstream molecules of the HGF/Met pathway, in thyrocytes. Moreover, HGF promotes thyrocyte migration, which is probably mediated by downregulation of E-cadherin expression. The delayed bifurcation of the thyroid primordium is also observed in thyroid-specific Met knockout mice. Together, our findings reveal that HGF/Met is indispensable for the bifurcation of the thyroid primordium during thyroid development mediated by downregulation of E-cadherin in thyrocytes via MAPK-snail pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Fang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Jia-Ping Wan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shi-Yang Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao-Xu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qian-Yue Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chen-Yan Yan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Sang-Yu Lu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Coperchini F, Greco A, Rotondi M. Changing the structure of PFOA and PFOS: a chemical industry strategy or a solution to avoid thyroid-disrupting effects? J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02339-w. [PMID: 38522066 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) raised concern for their proven bioaccumulation and persistence in the environment and animals as well as for their hazardous health effects. As a result, new congeners of PFAS have rapidly replaced the so-called "old long-chain PFAS" (mainly PFOA and PFOS), currently out-of-law and banned by most countries. These compounds derive from the original structure of "old long-chain PFAS", by cutting or making little conformational changes to their structure, thus obtaining new molecules with similar industrial applications. The new congeners were designed to obtain "safer" compounds. Indeed, old-long-chain PFAS were reported to exert thyroid disruptive effects in vitro, and in vivo in animals and humans. However, shreds of evidence accumulated so far indicate that the "restyling" of the old PFAS leads to the production of compounds, not only functionally similar to the previous ones but also potentially not free of adverse health effects and bioaccumulation. Studies aimed at characterizing the effects of new-PFAS congeners on thyroid function indicate that some of these new-PFAS congeners showed similar effects. PURPOSE The present review is aimed at providing an overview of recent data regarding the effects of novel PFAS alternatives on thyroid function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS An extensive review of current legislation and of the shreds of evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the effects of the exposure to novel PFOA and PFOS alternatives, as well as of PFAS mixture on thyroid function will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coperchini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Greco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Rotondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Pires C, Saramago A, Moura MM, Li J, Donato S, Marques IJ, Belo H, Machado AC, Cabrera R, Grünewald TGP, Leite V, Cavaco BM. Identification of Germline FOXE1 and Somatic MAPK Pathway Gene Alterations in Patients with Malignant Struma Ovarii, Cleft Palate and Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1966. [PMID: 38396644 PMCID: PMC10888156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline variants in the FOXE1 transcription factor have been associated with thyroid ectopy, cleft palate (CP) and thyroid cancer (TC). Here, we aimed to clarify the role of FOXE1 in Portuguese families (F1 and F2) with members diagnosed with malignant struma ovarii (MSO), an ovarian teratoma with ectopic malignant thyroid tissue, papillary TC (PTC) and CP. Two rare germline heterozygous variants in the FOXE1 promoter were identified: F1) c.-522G>C, in the proband (MSO) and her mother (asymptomatic); F2) c.9C>T, in the proband (PTC), her sister and her mother (CP). Functional studies using rat normal thyroid (PCCL3) and human PTC (TPC-1) cells revealed that c.9C>T decreased FOXE1 promoter transcriptional activity in both cell models, while c.-522G>C led to opposing activities in the two models, when compared to the wild type. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analyses of patients' thyroid tumours revealed lower FOXE1 expression compared to adjacent normal and hyperplastic thyroid tissues. The patient with MSO also harboured a novel germline AXIN1 variant, presenting a loss of heterozygosity in its benign and malignant teratoma tissues and observable β-catenin cytoplasmic accumulation. The sequencing of the F1 (MSO) and F2 (PTC) probands' tumours unveiled somatic BRAF and HRAS variants, respectively. Germline FOXE1 and AXIN1 variants might have a role in thyroid ectopy and cleft palate, which, together with MAPK pathway activation, may contribute to tumours' malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS)-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Saramago
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Margarida M. Moura
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.L.); (T.G.P.G.)
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a Partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Donato
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Inês J. Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS)-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélio Belo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Ana C. Machado
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Rafael Cabrera
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Thomas G. P. Grünewald
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.L.); (T.G.P.G.)
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a Partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Branca M. Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
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8
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Tian X, Yin Z, Li Z, Wang Z, Xing Z, Liu C, Wang L, Wang C, Zhang J, Dong L. Regeneration of Thyroid Glands in the Spleen Restores Homeostasis in Thyroidectomy Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305913. [PMID: 38059822 PMCID: PMC10853707 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Surgical removal of the thyroid gland (TG) for treating thyroid disorders leaves the patients on lifelong hormone replacement that partially compensates the physiological needs, but regenerating TG is challenging. Here, an approach is reported to regenerate TG within the spleen for fully restoring the thyroid's functions in mice, by transplanting thyroid tissue blocks to the spleen. Within 48 h, the transplanted tissue efficiently revascularizes, forming thyroid follicles similar to the native gland after 4 weeks. Structurally, the ectopically generated thyroid integrates with the surrounding splenic tissue while maintaining its integrity, separate from the lymphatic tissue. Functionally, it fully restores the native functions of the TG in hormone regulation in response to physiological stimuli, outperforming the established method of oral levothyroxine therapy in maintaining systemic homeostasis. The study demonstrates the full restoration of thyroid functions post-thyroidectomy by intrasplenic TG regeneration, providing fresh insights for designing novel therapies for thyroid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Jiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Zhi‐Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Zhen‐Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Zhen‐Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Zhen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
- NJU Xishan Institute of Applied BiotechnologyXishan DistrictWuxiJiangsu214101China
| | - Chun‐Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Lin‐Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Chun‐Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Jun‐Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
- NJU Xishan Institute of Applied BiotechnologyXishan DistrictWuxiJiangsu214101China
- National Resource Center for Mutant MiceNanjing210023China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovative CenterNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
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9
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Kang HS, Grimm SA, Liao XH, Jetten AM. GLIS3 expression in the thyroid gland in relation to TSH signaling and regulation of gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:65. [PMID: 38281222 PMCID: PMC10822819 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Loss of GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) function in mice and humans causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In this study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 protein is first detectable at E15.5 of murine thyroid development, a time at which GLIS3 target genes, such as Slc5a5 (Nis), become expressed. This, together with observations showing that ubiquitous Glis3KO mice do not display major changes in prenatal thyroid gland morphology, indicated that CH in Glis3KO mice is due to dyshormonogenesis rather than thyroid dysgenesis. Analysis of GLIS3 in postnatal thyroid suggested a link between GLIS3 protein expression and blood TSH levels. This was supported by data showing that treatment with TSH, cAMP, or adenylyl cyclase activators or expression of constitutively active PKA enhanced GLIS3 protein stability and transcriptional activity, indicating that GLIS3 activity is regulated at least in part by TSH/TSHR-mediated activation of PKA. The TSH-dependent increase in GLIS3 transcriptional activity would be critical for the induction of GLIS3 target gene expression, including several thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthetic genes, in thyroid follicular cells of mice fed a low iodine diet (LID) when blood TSH levels are highly elevated. Like TH biosynthetic genes, the expression of cell cycle genes is suppressed in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice fed a LID; however, in thyroid-specific Glis3 knockout mice, the expression of cell cycle genes was not repressed, in contrast to TH biosynthetic genes. This indicated that the inhibition of cell cycle genes in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice is dependent on changes in gene expression in GLIS3 target tissues other than the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sara A Grimm
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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10
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Hong L, Tang MHY, Cheung KW, Luo L, Cheung CKY, Dai X, Li Y, Xiong C, Liang W, Xiang W, Wang L, Chan KYK, Lin S. Fetal Hyperthyroidism with Maternal Hypothyroidism: Two Cases of Intrauterine Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:102. [PMID: 38201411 PMCID: PMC10795960 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal hyperthyroidism can occur secondary to maternal autoimmune hyperthyroidism. The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) transferred from the mother to the fetus stimulates the fetal thyroid and causes fetal thyrotoxicosis. Fetuses with this condition are difficult to detect, especially after maternal Graves disease therapy. Here, we present two cases of fetal hyperthyroidism with maternal hypothyroidism and review the assessment and intrauterine therapy for fetal hyperthyroidism. Both women were referred at 22+ and 23+ weeks of gestation with abnormal ultrasound findings, including fetal heart enlargement, pericardial effusion, and fetal tachycardia. Both women had a history of Graves disease while in a state of hypothyroidism with a high titer of TRAb. A sonographic examination showed a diffusely enlarged fetal thyroid with abundant blood flow. Invasive prenatal testing revealed no significant chromosomal aberration. Low fetal serum TSH and high TRAb levels were detected in the cord blood. Fetal hyperthyroidism was considered, and maternal oral methimazole (MMI) was administered as intrauterine therapy, with the slowing of fetal tachycardia, a reduction in fetal heart enlargement, and thyroid hyperemia. During therapy, maternal thyroid function was monitored, and the dosage of maternal levothyroxine was adjusted accordingly. Both women delivered spontaneously at 36+ weeks of gestation, and neonatal hyperthyroidism was confirmed in both newborns. After methimazole and propranolol drug treatment with levothyroxine for 8 and 12 months, both babies became euthyroid with normal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Mary Hoi Yin Tang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Ka Wang Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Libing Luo
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Cindy Ka Yee Cheung
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Xiaoying Dai
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Chuqin Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Liangbing Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Kelvin Yuen Kwong Chan
- Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shengmou Lin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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11
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He L, Wang W, Sheng JF. A case report of ectopic thyroid adenoma resection by transaxillary non-inflatable endoscopic surgery. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 114:109181. [PMID: 38141507 PMCID: PMC10800595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE The ectopic thyroid gland is a rare disease in which abnormal migration of the embryonic thyroid germ is thought to be the basis for the formation of the ectopic thyroid gland. CASE PRESENTATION A 37 year old female sought medical attention due to feeling a sensation of swallowing foreign objects, without any other positive symptoms such as pain or difficulty breathing. Preoperative examination revealed a nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid gland and a nodule behind the left lobe. The patient ultimately underwent non-inflatable endoscopic surgery under the axilla to completely remove the tumor located in the suprasternal fossa. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed ectopic thyroid adenoma. The patient's postoperative thyroid function was normal. CLINICAL DISCUSSION The diagnosis of ectopic thyroid is difficult due to its highly non-specific histological characteristics and positional changes. However, clinical diagnosis and treatment should not overlook the possibility of ectopic thyroid. On the basis of completely removing the lesion, the transaxillary non-inflatable endoscopic surgery also meets the patient's minimally invasive and aesthetic needs. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of ectopic thyroid is difficult, and through transaxillary non-inflatable endoscopic surgery, the tumor can be completely removed and the patient's aesthetic needs can be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Thyroid, Head, Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang & Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thyroid, Head, Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang & Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Jian-Feng Sheng
- Department of Thyroid, Head, Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang & Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China.
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12
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Gao M, He Q, Li L, Ji F, Ding Y, Sun Q, Qiu X. The clinicopathological features, treatment outcomes and follow-up results of 47 ectopic thyroid gland cases: a single-center retrospective study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1278734. [PMID: 38075053 PMCID: PMC10704373 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1278734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ectopic thyroid gland (ETG) is an uncommon clinical condition, presenting various challenges and limitations in its regulate diagnosis and treatment currently. This study aims to enhance our understanding of ETG and improve the strategies for its diagnosis and treatment. Methods The retrospective single-center study was conducted, encompassing clinical data from ETG patients screened at our institution between 2013 and 2022. Patients were categorized based on the location of the disease, and follow-ups were performed on each. Results This study included a total of 47 patients who were confirmed to hav confirmed to have ETG. Among them, we found 29 cases of accessory thyroid and 18 cases of aberrant thyroid. Furthermore, 42 cases exhibited the single ETG, while 5 cases displayed the double ETG. The distribution of the ETG was as follows: 20 were lingual, 10 were submandibular, 10 were lateral cervical, 4 were thoracic mediastinal, 1 was esophageal, and 7 were ovarian. Of these cases, 22 patients underwent surgery, 18 received thyroid hormone replacement therapy, and 7 were placed under observation. All patients were followed up for 59.4 (12-117) months. No significant abnormalities were detected at the conclusion of the follow-up period. Conclusion ETG is frequently observed in the head and neck, particularly in lingual. Accessory thyroid glands are commonly reported, with most cases being single ETG. Notably, these glands usually do not manifest specific clinical symptoms. Therefore, the appropriate and comprehensive examinations during the initial diagnosis are crucial to avoid misdiagnosis. Treatment should be individualized, and long-term follow-up is essential for managing ETG effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinguang Qiu
- The Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Zheng HL, Lin X, Zhang MJ, Zhang GH. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220742. [PMID: 37941786 PMCID: PMC10628574 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic thyroid is a rare malformation induced by a migration defect in the developing gland during embryogenesis. In 90% of cases, the ectopic thyroid is located in the lingual region, whereas it is extremely rare in the abdominal cavity, particularly in the pancreas. A 50-year-old female patient presented to the Taizhou First People's Hospital with a complaint of recurrent mid-lower abdominal pain and diarrhea for approximately a month. The abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a space-occupying lesion with abundant blood supply in the head of the pancreas during the consultation. This led to the suspicion of a neuroendocrine tumor. The doctor considered that this lesion in the head of the pancreas could be responsible for the patient's incontinence. A laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed after relevant tests were undertaken and contraindications were ruled out. The patient was diagnosed with ectopic thyroid of the pancreas through postoperative pathology. Ectopic thyroid can be considered in middle-aged and elderly women who present with a mass with abundant blood supply and an unknown diagnosis. Subsequent treatments should be decided after fine-needle aspiration cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-lan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, 218 Hengjie Road, Huangyan District, Taizhou City, HuangYan, 318020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, HuangYan, 318020, China
| | - Ming-jian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, 218 Hengjie Road, Huangyan District, Taizhou City, HuangYan, 318020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guo-hua Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, 218 Hengjie Road, Huangyan District, Taizhou City, HuangYan, 318020, Zhejiang Province, China
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14
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Mio C, Baldan F, Damante G. NK2 homeobox gene cluster: Functions and roles in human diseases. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2038-2048. [PMID: 37492711 PMCID: PMC10363584 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
NK2 genes (NKX2 gene cluster in humans) encode for homeodomain-containing transcription factors that are conserved along the phylogeny. According to the most detailed classifications, vertebrate NKX2 genes are classified into two distinct families, NK2.1 and NK2.2. The former is constituted by NKX2-1 and NKX2-4 genes, which are homologous to the Drosophila scro gene; the latter includes NKX2-2 and NKX2-8 genes, which are homologous to the Drosophila vnd gene. Conservation of these genes is not only related to molecular structure and expression, but also to biological functions. In Drosophila and vertebrates, NK2 genes share roles in the development of ventral regions of the central nervous system. In vertebrates, NKX2 genes have a relevant role in the development of several other organs such as the thyroid, lung, and pancreas. Loss-of-function mutations in NKX2-1 and NKX2-2 are the monogenic cause of the brain-lung-thyroid syndrome and neonatal diabetes, respectively. Alterations in NKX2-4 and NKX2-8 genes may play a role in multifactorial diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and neural tube defects, respectively. NKX2-1, NKX2-2, and NKX2-8 are expressed in various cancer types as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Several data indicate that evaluation of their expression in tumors has diagnostic and/or prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Mio
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine 33100, Italy
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15
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Kang HS, Grimm SA, Liao XH, Jetten AM. Role of GLIS3 in thyroid development and in the regulation of gene expression in thyroid specific Glis3KO mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3044388. [PMID: 37461635 PMCID: PMC10350233 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3044388/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Loss of GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) function in mice and humans causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In this study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 protein is first detectable at E15.5 of murine thyroid development, a time when GLIS3 target genes, such as Slc5a5 (Nis), become also expressed. We further show that Glis3KO mice do not display any major changes in prenatal thyroid gland morphology indicating that CH in Glis3KO mice is due to dyshormonogenesis rather than thyroid dysgenesis. Analysis of thyroid-specific Glis3 knockout (Glis3-Pax8Cre) mice fed either a normal or low-iodine diet (ND or LID) revealed that, in contrast to ubiquitous Glis3KO mice, thyroid follicular cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle genes were not repressed suggesting that the inhibition of thyroid follicular cell proliferation in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice is related to loss of GLIS3 function in other cell types. However, the expression of several thyroid hormone biosynthesis-, extracellular matrix (ECM)-, and inflammation-related genes was still suppressed in Glis3-Pax8Cre mice particularly under conditions of high blood levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). We further demonstrate that treatment with TSH, protein kinase A (PKA) or adenylyl cyclase activators or expression of constitutively active PKA enhances GLIS3 protein and activity, suggesting that GLIS3 transcriptional activity is regulated in part by TSH/TSHR-mediated activation of the PKA pathway. This mechanism of regulation provides an explanation for the dramatic increase in GLIS3 protein expression and the subsequent induction of GLIS3 target genes, including several thyroid hormone biosynthetic genes, in thyroid follicular cells of mice fed a LID.
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16
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Mégier C, Dumery G, Luton D. Iodine and Thyroid Maternal and Fetal Metabolism during Pregnancy. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050633. [PMID: 37233673 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones and iodine are required to increase basal metabolic rate and to regulate protein synthesis, long bone growth and neuronal maturation. They are also essential for protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism regulation. Imbalances in thyroid and iodine metabolism can negatively affect these vital functions. Pregnant women are at risk of hypo or hyperthyroidism, in relation to or regardless of their medical history, with potential dramatic outcomes. Fetal development highly relies on thyroid and iodine metabolism and can be compromised if they malfunction. As the interface between the fetus and the mother, the placenta plays a crucial role in thyroid and iodine metabolism during pregnancy. This narrative review aims to provide an update on current knowledge of thyroid and iodine metabolism in normal and pathological pregnancies. After a brief description of general thyroid and iodine metabolism, their main modifications during normal pregnancies and the placental molecular actors are described. We then discuss the most frequent pathologies to illustrate the upmost importance of iodine and thyroid for both the mother and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mégier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Grégoire Dumery
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Dominique Luton
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
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17
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Zhuo Y, Yu H, Zhou X, Zhang D. Ectopic intrapulmonary thyroid masquerading as metastatic carcinoma of the lung: a rare case scenario. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:178. [PMID: 37072721 PMCID: PMC10110484 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intrapulmonary ectopic thyroid gland is exceedingly rare since the ectopic thyroid was discovered. Only eight cases have been reported in the worldwide literature. We present a case of multiple intrapulmonary ectopic thyroid glands with nodular goiter in a 10-year-old girl. CASE PRESENTATION The girl was found with multiple intrapulmonary nodules in bilateral lungs during the treatment of nodular goiter. The intrapulmonary lesions were initially thought to be a high possibility of metastatic cancer. A computed tomography-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was performed, and the pathological examination confirmed that the diagnosis was ectopic intrapulmonary thyroid. CONCLUSION The ectopic intrapulmonary thyroid should be considered when children with nodular goiter presenting with suspected metastases in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejian Zhuo
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang No. 1, Jiefang Road No.15, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang No.1, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Xingjian Zhou
- Department of endocrinology, People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang No. 1, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang No. 1, Jiefang Road No.15, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
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18
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Ectopic thyroid of the pancreatic head: A case report. Asian J Surg 2023:S1015-9584(23)00207-5. [PMID: 36898912 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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19
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Vázquez-Román V, Fernández-Santos JM, Martín-Lacave I. C-cell differentiation in the wall of an aberrant ultimobranchial sinus in the thyroid gland of an old rat. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:876-883. [PMID: 36370461 PMCID: PMC10029892 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mammals, the thyroid gland possesses two types of endocrine cells, follicular cells and C cells, which have different functions but share a similar endodermal origin (although from different regions of the primitive pharynx). Specifically, follicular cells derive from the ventral pharyngeal floor, while C cells derive from the fourth pair of pharyngeal pouches through the ultimobranchial bodies (UBBs). Disruptions to human midline thyroid morphogenesis are relatively frequent and known as thyroid dysgenesis, which is the leading cause of congenital hypothyroidism. In contrast, fourth branchial apparatus anomalies are very rare clinical entities. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological features and the immunohistochemical pattern of an aberrant ultimobranchial remnant, align with its persistent contribution to the formation of new C cells. METHODS The thyroid gland of an old rat was serially sectioned and immunostained for the following markers: calcitonin, thyroglobulin, cytokeratins, PCNA, P63, E-cadherin, beta-tubulin and CD3. RESULTS We detected a spontaneous congenital defect in the organogenesis of the UBB in an old rat, giving rise to an 'ultimobranchial sinus', which was accompanied by thymic tissue and an abscess. The epithelium contained basal/stem cells and contributed to the formation of abundant C cells and scarce follicular cells. CONCLUSIONS The ultimobranchial sinus is an exceptional finding for representing the first spontaneous abnormality in the development of UBB reported in rats, and the opportunity to observe sustained C-cell differentiation from stem cells in an old rat. These findings are consistent with a common origin of both C cells and follicular cells from UBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vázquez-Román
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Santos
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Inés Martín-Lacave
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
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20
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López F, Al Ghuzlan A, Zafereo M, Vander Poorten V, Robbins KT, Hamoir M, Nixon IJ, Tufano RP, Randolph G, Pace-Asciak P, Angelos P, Coca-Pelaz A, Khafif A, Ronen O, Rodrigo JP, Sanabria Á, Palme CE, Mäkitie AA, Kowalski LP, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Neck Surgery for Non-Well Differentiated Thyroid Malignancies: Variations in Strategy According to Histopathology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041255. [PMID: 36831604 PMCID: PMC9954150 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastases in non-well differentiated thyroid cancer (non-WDTC) are common, both in the central compartment (levels VI and VII) and in the lateral neck (Levels II to V). Nodal metastases negatively affect prognosis and should be treated to maximize locoregional control while minimizing morbidity. In non-WDTC, the rate of nodal involvement is variable and depends on the histology of the tumor. For medullary thyroid carcinomas, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, the high frequency of lymph node metastases makes central compartment dissection generally necessary. In mucoepidermoid carcinomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, sarcomas, and malignant thyroid teratomas or thyroblastomas, central compartment dissection is less often necessary, as clinical lymphnode involvement is less common. We aim to summarize the medical literature and the opinions of several experts from different parts of the world on the current philosophy for managing the neck in less common types of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando López
- Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, CIBERONC, 330011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-985108000
| | - Abir Al Ghuzlan
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University Paris-Saclay, 91190 Villejuif, France
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Adult Solid Cancers (EURACAN), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - K. Thomas Robbins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Marc Hamoir
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, UC Louvain, St Luc University Hospital and King Albert II Cancer Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Iain J. Nixon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH1 3EG, UK
| | - Ralph P. Tufano
- FPG Thyroid and Parathyroid Center, Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, The Sarasota Memorial Health Care System, Sarasota, FL 34239, USA
| | - Gregory Randolph
- Division of Otolaryngology-Endocrine Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pia Pace-Asciak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
| | - Peter Angelos
- Department of Surgery and MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrés Coca-Pelaz
- Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, CIBERONC, 330011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Avi Khafif
- A.R.M. Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Assuta Medical Center, Affiliated with Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Tel Aviv 8410501, Israel
| | - Ohad Ronen
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel
| | - Juan Pablo Rodrigo
- Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, CIBERONC, 330011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, Universidad de Antioquia, CEXCA Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades de Cabeza y Cuello, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Carsten E. Palme
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Antti A. Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luiz P. Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo 01509-001, Brazil
| | | | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35125 Padua, Italy
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21
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Tongue Base Ectopic Thyroid Tissue-Is It a Rare Encounter? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020313. [PMID: 36837515 PMCID: PMC9959201 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Failure in the embryological development of the thyroid in adults is rarely seen. We present the case of a 79-year-old female patient who complained of dysphagia and progressive upper respiratory obstruction, which started 12 months prior to her admission. An ENT clinical exam revealed a tongue base, spherical, well-defined tumour covered by normal mucosa. Further assessments established the diagnosis of the tongue base ectopic thyroid tissue. Due to the patient's symptoms, a transhyoid tongue base tumour removal was performed. The selected patient gave consent for participation and inclusion in this paper, in compliance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration.
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22
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Large-scale forward genetic screening of zebrafish affecting thyroid development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 642:21-26. [PMID: 36543020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid follicular cells originate from the foregut endoderm and elucidating which genes and signaling pathways regulate their development is crucial for understanding developmental disorders as well as diseases in adulthood. We exploited unique advantages of the zebrafish model to carry an ENU-based forward mutagenesis screen aiming at identifying genes involved in the development and function of the thyroid follicular cells. ENU is an excellent chemical mutagen due to its high mutation efficiency and an indiscriminate selection of genes. A total of 1606 F2 families from 36 ENU treated founders was raised and embryos from F3 generation were collected at 5dpf to perform the whole embryo in situ hybridization with a cocktail probe of thyroid marker thyroglobulin(tg), pituitary marker thyroid stimulating hormone (tshba) to determine the mutagenic phenotype. Among the 1606 F2 families, 112 F2 mutant families with normal development stages except for thyroid dysfunction were identified and divided into three different groups according to their phenotypic characteristics. Further studies of the mutants are likely to shed more insights into the molecular basis of both the thyroid development and function in the zebrafish and vertebrate.
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23
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Coperchini F, Greco A, Croce L, Denegri M, Magri F, Rotondi M, Chiovato L. In vitro study of glyphosate effects on thyroid cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120801. [PMID: 36462676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a pesticide, which contaminates the environment and exposes workers and general population to its residues present in foods and waters. In soil, Glyphosate is degraded in metabolites, amino-methyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA) being the main one. Glyphosate is considered a potential cancerogenic and endocrine-disruptor agent, however its adverse effects on the thyroid were evaluated only in animal models and in vitro data are still lacking. Aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to Glyphosate could exert adverse effects on thyroid cells in vitro. Two models (adherent-2D and spheroid-3D) derived from the same cell strain Fisher-rat-thyroid-cell line-5 (FRTL-5) were employed. After exposure to Glyphosate at increasing concentrations (0.0, 0.1-0.25- 0.5-1.0-2.0-10.0 mM) we evaluated cell viability by WST-1 (adherent and spheroids), results being confirmed by propidium-iodide staining (only for spheroids). Proliferation of adherent cells was assessed by crystal violet and trypan-blue assays, the increasing volume of spheroids was taken as a measure of proliferation. We also evaluated the ability of cells to form spheroids after Glyphosate exposure. We assessed changes of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) by the cell-permeant H2DCFDA. Glyphosate-induced changes of mRNAs encoding for thyroid-related genes (TSHR, TPO, TG, NIS, TTF-1 and PAX8) were evaluated by RT-PCR. Glyphosate reduced cell viability and proliferation in both models, even if at different concentrations. Glyphosate at the highest concentration reduced the ability of FRTL-5 to form spheroids. An increased ROS production was found in both models after exposure to Glyphosate. Finally, Glyphosate increased the mRNA levels of some thyroid related genes (TSHR, TPO, TG and TTF-1) in both models, while it increased the mRNAs of PAX8 and NIS only in the adherent model. The present study supports an adverse effect of Glyphosate on cultured thyroid cells. Glyphosate reduced cell viability and proliferation and increased ROS production in thyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Greco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Marco Denegri
- Unit of Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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24
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Yoon DY, Kim ES, Lee CW, Seo YL, Lee Y, Kwon MJ, Lee SM. Computed tomography findings of thyroid hemiagenesis: differentiation from hemithyroidectomy. BMC Med Imaging 2023; 23:8. [PMID: 36627559 PMCID: PMC9832612 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-00961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the lack of development of one thyroid lobe. The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) findings of thyroid hemiagenesis and to establish useful CT criteria for differentiating thyroid hemiagenesis from the hemithyroidectomy state. METHODS The CT images of 11 patients with thyroid hemiagenesis were retrospectively reviewed and compared with those of 100 (49 left and 51 right) patients in a hemithyroidectomy state. Image analysis was performed according to the following CT parameters: (a) side of thyroid hemiagenesis, (b) edge of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland, (c) location of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland, expressed as the angle of the medial end and (d) any other thyroid abnormality observed during the initial examination. RESULTS The missing lobe occurred more often in the left than in the right lobe (72.7% vs. 27.3%) as well as concomitant isthmus agenesis (100% vs. 37.5%). The sharp edge of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland was more common in thyroid hemiagenesis (64%) than in hemithyroidectomy (26%) (P = 0.0153). In left thyroid hemiagenesis, the angle of the medial end (63%) was more frequently > + 30° than in hemithyroidectomy (0%) (P < 0.0001). Two patients presented with hypothyroidism; the remaining nine showed a normal thyroid function. The associated thyroid diseases were autoimmune thyroiditis (n = 1) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS The sharp edge of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland and an angle of > + 30° for the medial end in cases wherein the left lobe is absent are useful CT features for distinguishing thyroid hemiagenesis from hemithyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoon
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Radiology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068 Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woon Lee
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Radiology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lan Seo
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Radiology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yul Lee
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Radiology, Gangnam Medical Center, Cha University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Li M, Li Z, Chen M, Hu Z, Zhou M, Wu L, Zhang C, Liang D. Novel Missense Variants in PAX8 and NKX2-1 Cause Congenital Hypothyroidism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010786. [PMID: 36614229 PMCID: PMC9821711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common neonatal endocrine disorder characterized by elevated concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and low concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4). PAX8 and NKX2-1 are important transcription factors involved in thyroid development. In this study, we detected three novel variants in PAX8 (c.149A > C and c.329G > A) and NKX2-1 (c.706A > G) by whole exome sequencing (WES) in three unrelated CH patients with variable phenotypes. The results of Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that the three variants had no effect on protein expression and subcellular localization. However, the results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested that the three variants in PAX8 and NKX2-1 both affected their DNA-binding ability and reduced their transactivation capacity. Moreover, a dominant-negative effect in K236E−NKX2-1 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. To sum up, our findings extend our knowledge of the current mutation spectrum of PAX8 and NKX2-1 and provide important information for diagnosing, treating, and preventing CH in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunhua Zhang
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-871-65174598 (C.Z.); +86-731-84805252 (D.L.)
| | - Desheng Liang
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-871-65174598 (C.Z.); +86-731-84805252 (D.L.)
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26
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Fakadej T, Balar AB, Kota S, Lakhani DA, Joseph JT. Lingual Thyroid: Case report and brief review of the literature. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:312-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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Romitti M, Tourneur A, de Faria da Fonseca B, Doumont G, Gillotay P, Liao XH, Eski SE, Van Simaeys G, Chomette L, Lasolle H, Monestier O, Kasprzyk DF, Detours V, Singh SP, Goldman S, Refetoff S, Costagliola S. Transplantable human thyroid organoids generated from embryonic stem cells to rescue hypothyroidism. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7057. [PMID: 36396935 PMCID: PMC9672394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland captures iodide in order to synthesize hormones that act on almost all tissues and are essential for normal growth and metabolism. Low plasma levels of thyroid hormones lead to hypothyroidism, which is one of the most common disorder in humans and is not always satisfactorily treated by lifelong hormone replacement. Therefore, in addition to the lack of in vitro tractable models to study human thyroid development, differentiation and maturation, functional human thyroid organoids could pave the way to explore new therapeutic approaches. Here we report the generation of transplantable thyroid organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells capable of restoring plasma thyroid hormone in athyreotic mice as a proof of concept for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mírian Romitti
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Tourneur
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara de Faria da Fonseca
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Doumont
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium
| | - Pierre Gillotay
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sema Elif Eski
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaetan Van Simaeys
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Érasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Chomette
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helene Lasolle
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Monestier
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominika Figini Kasprzyk
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Detours
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Goldman
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Érasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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28
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Di Palma T, Zannini M. PAX8 as a Potential Target for Ovarian Cancer: What We Know so Far. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1273-1280. [PMID: 36275185 PMCID: PMC9584354 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s361511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fallopian tube epithelium harbors the origin cells for the majority of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs), the most lethal form of gynecologic malignancies. PAX8 belongs to the paired-box gene family of transcription factors and it is a marker of the FTE secretory cell lineage. Its role has been investigated in migration, invasion, proliferation, cell survival, stem cell maintenance, angiogenesis and tumor growth. In this review, we focus on the pro-tumorigenic role of PAX8 in ovarian cancer; in this context, PAX8 possibly continues to exert its transcriptional activity on its physiological targets but may also function on newly available targets after the tumorigenic hits. Acquiring new insights into the different PAX8 mechanism(s) of action in the tumor microenvironment could uncover new viable therapeutic targets and thus improve the current treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Di Palma
- IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy,Correspondence: Mariastella Zannini, IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, via S. Pansini 5, Napoli, 80131, Italy, Tel +39-081-5465530, Fax +39-081-2296674, Email
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29
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Koh HH, Oh YL. Papillary and medullary thyroid carcinomas coexisting in the same lobe, first suspected based on fine-needle aspiration cytology: a case report. J Pathol Transl Med 2022; 56:301-308. [PMID: 36128867 PMCID: PMC9510044 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2022.08.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because different types of thyroid malignancies have distinct embryological origins, coexisting tumors are rarely observed. We describe a coexisting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) first suspected by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). A 57-year-old female presented with an irregular mass in the right thyroid lobe. The cytopathologic findings of fine-needle aspiration showed two components: a papillary-like arrangement consisting of cells with pale enlarged nuclei indicative of PTC and loose clusters comprised of oval cells with granular chromatin indicative of MTC. The diagnosis of a coexisting PTC and MTC was initially confirmed by calcitonin immunocytochemistry and later after total thyroidectomy. Although some surgical case reports of PTC and MTC coexisting in either the same or different lobes have been documented, a case suspected by FNAC before the surgery has rarely been reported. Because appropriate treatment and prognosis of PTC and MTC are different, cytopathologists should be aware of this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hee Koh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Yadav P, Sarode LP, Gaddam RR, Kumar P, Bhatti JS, Khurana A, Navik U. Zebrafish as an emerging tool for drug discovery and development for thyroid diseases. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:53-60. [PMID: 36084888 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a useful model for understanding human genetics and diseases and has evolved into a prominent scientific research model. The genetic structure of zebrafish is 70% identical to that of humans. Its small size, low cost, and transparent embryo make it a valuable tool in experimentation. Zebrafish and mammals possess the same molecular mechanism of thyroid organogenesis and development. Thus, thyroid hormone signaling, embryonic development, thyroid-related disorders, and novel genes involved in early thyroid development can all be studied using zebrafish as a model. Here in this review, we emphasize the evolving role of zebrafish as a possible tool for studying the thyroid gland in the context of physiology and pathology. The transcription factors nkx2.1a, pax2a, and hhex which contribute a pivotal role in the differentiation of thyroid primordium are discussed. Further, we have described the role of zebrafish as a model for thyroid cancer, evaluation of defects in thyroid hormone transport, thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, and as a screening tool to study thyrotoxins. Hence, the present review highlights the role of zebrafish as a novel approach to understand thyroid development and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Lopmudra P Sarode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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31
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Kakun RR, Melamed Z, Perets R. PAX8 in the Junction between Development and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137410. [PMID: 35806410 PMCID: PMC9266416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal processes of embryonic development and abnormal transformation to cancer have many parallels, and in fact many aberrant cancer cell capabilities are embryonic traits restored in a distorted, unorganized way. Some of these capabilities are cell autonomous, such as proliferation and resisting apoptosis, while others involve a complex interplay with other cells that drives significant changes in neighboring cells. The correlation between embryonic development and cancer is driven by shared proteins. Some embryonic proteins disappear after embryogenesis in adult differentiated cells and are restored in cancer, while others are retained in adult cells, acquiring new functions upon transformation to cancer. Many embryonic factors embraced by cancer cells are transcription factors; some are master regulators that play a major role in determining cell fate. The paired box (PAX) domain family of developmental transcription factors includes nine members involved in differentiation of various organs. All paired box domain proteins are involved in different cancer types carrying pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic roles. This review focuses on PAX8, a master regulator of transcription in embryonic development of the thyroid, kidney, and male and female genital tracts. We detail the role of PAX8 in each of these organ systems, describe its role during development and in the adult if known, and highlight its pro-tumorigenic role in cancers that emerge from PAX8 expressing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reli Rachel Kakun
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Zohar Melamed
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Ruth Perets
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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Petersen AM, Small CM, Yan Y, Wilson C, Batzel P, Bremiller RA, Buck CL, von Hippel FA, Cresko WA, Postlethwait JH. Evolution and developmental expression of the sodium-iodide symporter ( NIS, slc5a5) gene family: Implications for perchlorate toxicology. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1079-1098. [PMID: 35899258 PMCID: PMC9309457 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate sodium-iodide symporter (NIS or SLC5A5) transports iodide into the thyroid follicular cells that synthesize thyroid hormone. The SLC5A protein family includes transporters of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients. Disruption of SLC5A5 function by perchlorate, a pervasive environmental contaminant, leads to human pathologies, especially hypothyroidism. Perchlorate also disrupts the sexual development of model animals, including threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), but the mechanism of action is unknown. To test the hypothesis that SLC5A5 paralogs are expressed in tissues necessary for the development of reproductive organs, and therefore are plausible candidates to mediate the effects of perchlorate on sexual development, we first investigated the evolutionary history of Slc5a paralogs to better understand potential functional trajectories of the gene family. We identified two clades of slc5a paralogs with respect to an outgroup of sodium/choline cotransporters (slc5a7); these clades are the NIS clade of sodium/iodide and lactate cotransporters (slc5a5, slc5a6, slc5a8, slc5a8, and slc5a12) and the SGLT clade of sodium/glucose cotransporters (slc5a1, slc5a2, slc5a3, slc5a4, slc5a10, and slc5a11). We also characterized expression patterns of slc5a genes during development. Stickleback embryos and early larvae expressed NIS clade genes in connective tissue, cartilage, teeth, and thyroid. Stickleback males and females expressed slc5a5 and its paralogs in gonads. Single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) on zebrafish sex-genotyped gonads revealed that NIS clade-expressing cells included germ cells (slc5a5, slc5a6a, and slc5a6b) and gonadal soma cells (slc5a8l). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that perchlorate exerts its effects on sexual development by interacting with slc5a5 or its paralogs in reproductive tissues. These findings show novel expression domains of slc5 genes in stickleback and zebrafish, which suggest similar functions across vertebrates including humans, and provide candidates to mediate the effects of perchlorate on sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Petersen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
- J.J. Howard Marine Lab, Northeast Fisheries Science CenterNational Oceanographic and Atmospheric AdministrationSandy HookNew JerseyUSA
| | - Clayton M. Small
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | - Yi‐Lin Yan
- Department of Biology, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | - Catherine Wilson
- Department of Biology, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | - Peter Batzel
- Department of Biology, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | - Ruth A. Bremiller
- Department of Biology, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | - C. Loren Buck
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Frank A. von Hippel
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - William A. Cresko
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | - John H. Postlethwait
- Department of Biology, Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
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Heidari MM, Madani Manshadi SA, Eshghi AR, Talebi F, Khatami M, Bragança J, Ordooei M, Chamani R, Ghasemi F. Mutational and bioinformatics analysis of the NKX2.1 gene in a cohort of Iranian pediatric patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Physiol Int 2022; 109:261-277. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1556/2060.2022.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs with a relatively alarming prevalence in infants, and if not diagnosed and treated in time, it can have devastating consequences for the development of the nervous system. CH is associated with genetic changes in several genes that encode transcription factors responsible for thyroid development, including mutations in the NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1) gene, which encodes the thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Although CH is frequently observed in pediatric populations, there is still a limited understanding of the genetic factors and molecular mechanisms contributing to this disease. The sequence of the NKX2.1 gene was investigated in 75 pediatric patients with CH by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and direct DNA sequencing. Four missense heterozygous variations were identified in exon 3 of the NKX2.1 gene, including three novel missense variations, namely c.708A>G, p.Gln202Arg; c.713T>G, p.Tyr204Asp; c.833T>G, p.Tyr244Asp, and a previously reported variant rs781133468 (c.772C>G, p.His223Gln). Importantly, these variations occur in highly conserved residues of the TTF-1 DNA-binding domain and were predicted by bioinformatics analysis to alter the protein structure, with a probable alteration in the protein function. These results indicate that nucleotide changes in the NKX2.1 gene may contribute to CH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José Bragança
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Algarve Biomedical Centre Research Institute, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Mahtab Ordooei
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Heidari MM, Madani Manshadi SA, Eshghi AR, Talebi F, Khatami M, Bragança J, Ordooei M, Chamani R, Ghasemi F. Mutational and bioinformatics analysis of the NKX2.1 gene in a cohort of Iranian pediatric patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Physiol Int 2022; 109:261-277. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs with a relatively alarming prevalence in infants, and if not diagnosed and treated in time, it can have devastating consequences for the development of the nervous system. CH is associated with genetic changes in several genes that encode transcription factors responsible for thyroid development, including mutations in the NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1) gene, which encodes the thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Although CH is frequently observed in pediatric populations, there is still a limited understanding of the genetic factors and molecular mechanisms contributing to this disease. The sequence of the NKX2.1 gene was investigated in 75 pediatric patients with CH by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and direct DNA sequencing. Four missense heterozygous variations were identified in exon 3 of the NKX2.1 gene, including three novel missense variations, namely c.708A>G, p.Gln202Arg; c.713T>G, p.Tyr204Asp; c.833T>G, p.Tyr244Asp, and a previously reported variant rs781133468 (c.772C>G, p.His223Gln). Importantly, these variations occur in highly conserved residues of the TTF-1 DNA-binding domain and were predicted by bioinformatics analysis to alter the protein structure, with a probable alteration in the protein function. These results indicate that nucleotide changes in the NKX2.1 gene may contribute to CH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José Bragança
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Algarve Biomedical Centre Research Institute, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Mahtab Ordooei
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Uthayaseelan K, Kadari M, Subhan M, Saji Parel N, Krishna PV, Gupta A, Uthayaseelan K. Congenital Anomalies in Infant With Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Options, and Management Protocols. Cureus 2022; 14:e24669. [PMID: 35663669 PMCID: PMC9162097 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate growth, nervous system myelination, metabolism, and physiologic functions in nearly every organ system. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in children and has potentially devastating neurologic and developmental consequences. The etiology and clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism in children differ from adults. And hence, pediatric medical care requires a detailed understanding of thyroid function and dysfunction in children. The perinatal risk factors include female sex, preterm birth, low birth weight, postmature birth, additional birth abnormalities, and being delivered in multiple births. In countries where newborn screening is practiced, CH is detected after birth through screening tests. It aids in determining the underlying cause, though some patients may be able to start treatment without these tests. Early detection and treatment prevent irreversible and permanent nervous system damage. Thus, in addition to exploring the development of CH, this article has also covered the epidemiological data, clinical aspects, and management stemming from pediatric hypothyroidism.
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Larrivée-Vanier S, Jean-Louis M, Magne F, Bui H, Rouleau GA, Spiegelman D, Samuels ME, Kibar Z, Van Vliet G, Deladoëy J. Whole-Exome Sequencing in Congenital Hypothyroidism Due to Thyroid Dysgenesis. Thyroid 2022; 32:486-495. [PMID: 35272499 PMCID: PMC9145262 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis (CHTD) is a predominantly sporadic and nonsyndromic (NS) condition of unknown etiology. NS-CHTD shows a 40-fold increase in relative risk among first-degree relatives (1 in 100 compared with a birth prevalence of 1 in 4000 in the general population), but a discordance rate between monozygotic (MZ) twins of 92%. This suggests a two-hit mechanism, combining a genetic predisposition (incomplete penetrance of inherited variants) with postzygotic events (accounting for MZ twin discordance). Objective: To evaluate whether whole-exome sequencing (WES) allows to identify new predisposing genes in NS-CHTD. Methods: We performed a case-control study by comparing the whole exome of 36 nonconsanguineous cases of NS-CHTD (33 with lingual thyroid ectopy and 3 with athyreosis, based on technetium pertechnetate scintigraphy at diagnosis) with that of 301 unaffected controls to assess for enrichment in rare protein-altering variants. We performed an unbiased approach using a gene-based burden with a false discovery rate correction. Moreover, we identified all rare pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants, based on in silico prediction tools, in 27 genes previously associated with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (thyroid dysgenesis [TD] and dyshormonogenesis). Results: After correction for multiple testing, no enrichment in rare protein-altering variants was observed in NS-CHTD. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (21 variants in 12 CH genes) were identified in 42% of cases. Eight percent of cases had variants in more than one gene (oligogenic group); these were not more severely affected than monogenic cases. Moreover, cases with protein-altering variants in dyshormonogenesis-related genes were not more severely affected than those without. Conclusions: No new predisposing genes were identified following an unbiased analysis of WES data in a well-characterized NS-CHTD cohort. Nonetheless, the discovery rate of rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants was 42%. Eight percent of the cases harbored multiple variants in genes associated with TD or dyshormonogenesis, but these variants did not explain the variability of hypothyroidism observed in dysgenesis. WES did not identify a genetic cause in NS-CHTD cases, confirming the complex etiology of this disease. Additional studies in larger cohorts and/or novel discovery approaches are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Larrivée-Vanier
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martineau Jean-Louis
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Fabien Magne
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Helen Bui
- Department of Endocrinology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mark E. Samuels
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Zoha Kibar
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guy Van Vliet
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Johnny Deladoëy
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to: Johnny Deladoëy, MD, PhD, Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Campus Est, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
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Fernández-Méndez C, Santisteban P. A Critical Balance Between PAX8 and the Hippo Mediator TAZ Determines Sodium/Iodide Symporter Expression and Function. Thyroid 2022; 32:315-325. [PMID: 34726504 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Hippo pathway has a fundamental role in tissue homeostasis, but little is known about how this signaling cascade is controlled in the thyroid. PAX8 is an essential driver of thyroid differentiation and is involved in the control of genes crucial for thyroid hormone biosynthesis, including the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS; SLC5A5). A role for the Hippo mediator transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) as a coactivator of PAX8 to promote thyroglobulin expression has been previously described. Here, we studied the role of TAZ on thyroid differentiation focusing on PAX8-mediated Slc5a5 transcription. Methods: Gene silencing and overexpression assays were performed in rat PCCl3 thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) to determine the role of TAZ in the regulation of Slc5a5. Transcriptional activity of the Hippo mediators was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter-reporter gene activity. Hippo component levels and location were analyzed in PCCl3 cells and in mouse thyroid under different treatment conditions. Results: By suppressing the expression of PAX8 and its binding to the Slc5a5 upstream enhancer, TAZ inhibits Slc5a5 expression, impairing NIS membrane location and activity. Other Hippo effectors such as YAP1 and TEAD1 were not required for the repressor effect of TAZ. We also found an interplay between the Hippo, thyrotropin (TSH), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ) pathways in TFCs. TSH via cyclic adenosine monophosphate activated Hippo signaling pathway and, consequently, TAZ was excluded from the nucleus. We confirmed this in hypothyroid mice, characterized by elevated TSH serum levels, which showed downregulated activation of Hippo signaling in thyroid. Conversely, TAZ nuclear retention was promoted by TGFβ, a potent NIS repressor, and TAZ silencing markedly relieved the TGFβ-induced inhibition of the symporter. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the effects of TAZ are promoter specific, as it functions as a corepressor of PAX8 to modulate Slc5a5 expression in TFCs. Overall, our data place TAZ as an integrator of the different signaling pathways that control NIS expression, pointing to a role for TAZ in thyroid differentiation and identifying the Hippo pathway as a relevant target to recover NIS levels in thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Fernández-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Kumar Singh N, Suri A, Kumari M, Kaushik P. A study on serum homocysteine and oxidized LDL as markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with overt hypothyroidism. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 43:329-335. [PMID: 35179003 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide. Hypothyroisim increases cardiovascular risk, thus the study focuses on the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors such as serum Homocysteine, serum Oxidized LDL and Lipid profile and their correlation with TSH levels. Timely evaluation of these risk predictors would help in reducing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in hypothyroidism. METHODS This was a hospital based cross-sectional study consisting of Forty newly diagnosed patients with overt hypothyroidism in the age group of 20-60 years attending Medicine OPD were included as cases and Fifty healthy age and gender matched healthy controls participated as controls in the study. A written and informed consent to all the participants of both the groups was taken after explaining the purpose and details of the study. The Thyroid profile was assessed by CLIA-based MAGLUMI- 1000 analyzer and Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins were analyzed in Fully automated clinical chemistry analyzer EM-200 by using commercially available kits. LDL was calculated indirectly using Friedwalds equation. Commercially available ELISA-based kits were used for analysis of serum Homocysteine and serum oxidized-LDL. RESULTS Elevated levels of serum homocysteine (p<0.0001), Oxidized LDL (p<0.0001) were found in newly diagnosed overt hypothyroid patients as compared to controls whereas significant elevated levelsof TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL (p<0.0001) and decrease in HDLcholesterol (p<0.0001) were reported in newly diagnosed newly diagnosed overt hypothyroid patients. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the association of hyperhomocysteinemia and lipid abnormalities occurring in hypothyroidism may represent a dynamic atherogenic state and thyroid hormone failed to completely normalize Hcy levels. Thus, elevated plasma homocysteine levels may be an independent risk factor for the accelerated atherosclerosis seen in hypothyroidism. In addition, we found that the circulating ox-LDL levels were elevated in untreated hypothyroidism and they tend to be higher in thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Arpita Suri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Mithlesh Kumari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Priya Kaushik
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Carvalho DP, Dias AF, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Gaps in the knowledge of thyroid hormones and placental biology. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1033-1048. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are required for the growth and development of the foetus, stimulating anabolism and oxygen consumption from the early stages of pregnancy to the period of foetal differentiation close to delivery. Maternal changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary thyroid axis are also well known. In contrast, several open questions remain regarding the relationships between the placenta and the maternal and foetal TH systems. The exact mechanism by which the placenta participates in regulating the TH concentration in the foetus and mother and the role of TH in the placenta are still poorly studied. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data in the area and highlight significant gaps in our understanding of the ontogeny and cell-specific localization of TH transporters, TH receptors and TH metabolic enzymes in the placenta in both human and rodent models. Significant deficiencies also exist in knowledge of the contribution of genomic and nongenomic effects of TH on the placenta and finally how the placenta reacts during pregnancy when the mother has thyroid disease. By addressing these key knowledge gaps, improved pregnancy outcomes and management of women with thyroid alterations may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariane Fontes Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Magaletta ME, Lobo M, Kernfeld EM, Aliee H, Huey JD, Parsons TJ, Theis FJ, Maehr R. Integration of single-cell transcriptomes and chromatin landscapes reveals regulatory programs driving pharyngeal organ development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:457. [PMID: 35075189 PMCID: PMC8786836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maldevelopment of the pharyngeal endoderm, an embryonic tissue critical for patterning of the pharyngeal region and ensuing organogenesis, ultimately contributes to several classes of human developmental syndromes and disorders. Such syndromes are characterized by a spectrum of phenotypes that currently cannot be fully explained by known mutations or genetic variants due to gaps in characterization of critical drivers of normal and dysfunctional development. Despite the disease-relevance of pharyngeal endoderm, we still lack a comprehensive and integrative view of the molecular basis and gene regulatory networks driving pharyngeal endoderm development. To close this gap, we apply transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility single-cell sequencing technologies to generate a multi-omic developmental resource spanning pharyngeal endoderm patterning to the emergence of organ-specific epithelia in the developing mouse embryo. We identify cell-type specific gene regulation, distill GRN models that define developing organ domains, and characterize the role of an immunodeficiency-associated forkhead box transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Magaletta
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Macrina Lobo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Kernfeld
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hananeh Aliee
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jack D Huey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Teagan J Parsons
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - René Maehr
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Di Stefano C, Guarnotta V, Barbaccia M, Paratore R, La Monica R, Lo Casto A, Midiri M, Gruttadauria S, Giordano C, Richiusa P. Hepatic incidentaloma: An asymptomatic ectopic thyroid tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1066188. [PMID: 36578960 PMCID: PMC9791092 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1066188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An ectopic thyroid is a form of thyroid dysgenesis in which the entire thyroid gland or parts of it may be located in another part of the body than the usual place. The most frequent location is the base of the tongue. Although most cases are asymptomatic, symptoms related to tumor size and its relationship with surrounding tissues, hormonal dysfunction, and seldom malignancy may also occur. Here, we describe the case of an asymptomatic woman who was thyroidectomized 19 years previously for a toxic goiter and treated with conventional L-thyroxine therapy, until we enacted a progressive reduction of dosage of the replacement therapy. Incidentally, because of occasional abdomen discomfort, she was hospitalized in our Division of Endocrinology as there was ultrasound evidence of a large mass in the liver dislocating and imprinting the choledochal duct in the pre-pancreatic site, the gallbladder, and the cystic duct, which could not be dissociated from the contiguous hepatic parenchyma and was in very close proximity to the second duodenal portion and the head of the pancreas. Imaging techniques, such as TC, MR, TC/PET, and 131I scintigraphy, confirmed the large lesion with a diameter on the axial plane of about 8 × 5.5 cm and a cranio-caudal extension of about 6 cm. The impossibility of surgical debulking and/or radiometabolic 131I therapy, in the absence of compression symptoms, led to the multidisciplinary decision of a clinical and instrumental follow-up of this rare lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Stefano
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarnotta
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Barbaccia
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione)-UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Paratore
- Section of “Medicina Nucleare e Terapia Radiometabolica”, La Maddalena, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta La Monica
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lo Casto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Radiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Midiri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Radiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gruttadauria
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Palermo, Italy
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Giordano, ; Pierina Richiusa,
| | - Pierina Richiusa
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Giordano, ; Pierina Richiusa,
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Kardi A, Oueslati I, Yazidi M, Sadok Boudaya M, Znaidi N, Chihaoui M. Hyperthyroidism secondary to a primary mediastinal goiter with normal functional cervical thyroid gland. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05167. [PMID: 34917377 PMCID: PMC8645173 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mediastinal goiter is extremely uncommon. The majority of primary mediastinal goiters were reported as incidental findings on chest imaging of asymptomatic patients. Symptoms related to compression of adjacent structures or hyperthyroidism were rarely described. Herein we report a case of hyperthyroidism secondary to a primary mediastinal goiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kardi
- Department of EndocrinologyFaculty of MedicineLa Rabta University HospitalUniversity of Tunis‐El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Ibtissem Oueslati
- Department of EndocrinologyFaculty of MedicineLa Rabta University HospitalUniversity of Tunis‐El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Meriem Yazidi
- Department of EndocrinologyFaculty of MedicineLa Rabta University HospitalUniversity of Tunis‐El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Mohamed Sadok Boudaya
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineCharles Nicolle University HospitalUniversity of Tunis‐El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Nadia Znaidi
- Laboratory of PathologyFaculty of MedicineCharles Nicolle University HospitalUniversity of Tunis‐El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Melika Chihaoui
- Department of EndocrinologyFaculty of MedicineLa Rabta University HospitalUniversity of Tunis‐El ManarTunisTunisia
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Candler T, Kessler N, Gunasekara C, Ward K, James P, Laritsky E, Baker M, Dyer R, Elango R, Jeffries D, Waterland R, Moore S, Ludgate M, Prentice A, Silver M. DNA methylation at a nutritionally sensitive region of the PAX8 gene is associated with thyroid volume and function in Gambian children. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj1561. [PMID: 34739318 PMCID: PMC8570597 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PAX8 is a key thyroid transcription factor implicated in thyroid gland differentiation and function, and PAX8 gene methylation is reported to be sensitive to the periconceptional environment. Using a novel recall-by-epigenotype study in Gambian children, we found that PAX8 hypomethylation at age 2 years is associated with a 21% increase in thyroid volume and an increase in free thyroxine (T4) at 5 to 8 years, the latter equivalent to 8.4% of the normal range. Free T4 was associated with a decrease in DXA-derived body fat and bone mineral density. Furthermore, offspring PAX8 methylation was associated with periconceptional maternal nutrition, and methylation variability was influenced by genotype, suggesting that sensitivity to environmental exposures may be under partial genetic control. Together, our results demonstrate a possible link between early environment, PAX8 gene methylation and thyroid gland development and function, with potential implications for early embryonic programming of thyroid-related health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Candler
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Noah Kessler
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chathura Gunasekara
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kate Ward
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip James
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Laritsky
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Baker
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roger Dyer
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Jeffries
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert Waterland
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sophie Moore
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marian Ludgate
- Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matt Silver
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Zhang S, Chen K, Li W, Chai Y, Zhu J, Chu B, Li N, Yan J, Zhang S, Yang Y. Varied thyroid disrupting effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its novel alternatives hexafluoropropylene-oxide-dimer-acid (GenX) and ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate (ADONA) in vitro. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106745. [PMID: 34246126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to its potential adverse effects on human health, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of the once widely used legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), has been recently replaced by its novel alternatives including hexafluoropropylene-oxide-dimer-acid (GenX) and ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate (ADONA). These alternative PFASs are detected in water and exposed workers. PFASs can enter organs like thyroids, however, it is yet unknown whether the new alternatives are safer than PFOA. In the current study, we compared the thyroid disrupting effects of PFOA and its alternatives GenX and ADONA in vitro with both rat thyroid cell line FRTL5 and primary normal human thyroid (NHT) cells. Cells were exposed to ascendant doses of PFOA, GenX or ADONA for various incubation time and cell viability was assessed by WST-1 assay and LDH assay. The proliferation rate of survived cells was determined by crystal violet-based cell proliferation assay and MTT assay. The gene expression of thyroid hormone regulation-related genes in thyroid cells after exposure was quantified by RT-PCR and Western blot. Our data showed that both PFOA and GenX reduced thyroid cell viability in both dose and time dependent manner, with GenX being more toxic than PFOA at the same condition. Similarly, the proliferation rate of cells survived exposure to PFOA and GenX was considerably impaired, with GenX showing more profound adverse effect than PFOA. Unlike PFOA and GenX, ADONA showed no apparent adverse effects on the viability and proliferation of both thyroid cell types. Gene expression data revealed that all three PFASs altered gene expression in both thyroid cells and the altered gene expression seemed to be PFAS and cell type dependent. Taken together, our data reveal that the thyroid disrupting effects is increased in the order of GenX > PFOA > ADONA. Our findings will be beneficial for the guidance of the future usage of PFASs and development of better alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kuai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yong Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bingfeng Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nuoya Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jinlong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shenglai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yipeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ectopic thyroid tissue presenting at the base of the tongue, called lingual thyroid, is a clinical rarity. Clinical presentation varies depending upon either the severity of regional symptoms associated with the enlargement of gland size, or the features related to thyroid dysfunction. PATIENT CONCERNS We reported a case of a 29-year-old female who presented with symptoms of easy fatigue and depression for 3 months. DIAGNOSIS After a series of diagnostic workup, the lingual thyroid with severe hypothyroidism was diagnosed. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME She received conservative treatment with thyroid hormone replacement and the symptoms improved significantly. LESSONS Lingual thyroid is a rare entity that needs careful diagnostic workup including clinical examination, biochemical tests, imaging methods such as ultrasonography, scintigraphy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and fine-needle aspiration cytology to plan the management. Lingual thyroid with hypothyroidism and no neck regional symptoms can be conservatively treated and requires regular follow-up for the prevention of potential risk of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Huang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsin Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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46
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Rangankar V, Uz Zaman S, Muralinath K, Shah VP, Yadav P. Case of Colloid Nodular Goitre in a Rare Submandibular Location. Cureus 2021; 13:e18035. [PMID: 34671523 PMCID: PMC8520570 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic thyroid gland occurs due to aberrant descent of primitive thyroid gland to the final pre-tracheal position and failure of fusion of thyroid anlages. Submandibular ectopic thyroid is a rare thyroid anomaly that can present with or without an orthotopic thyroid gland. We present a case of a young female with hypothyroidism and left submandibular swelling demonstrated to be an ectopic thyroid with the colloid nodular goitre on imaging and cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Rangankar
- Radiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, IND
| | - Sameeh Uz Zaman
- Radiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, IND
| | | | - Viraj P Shah
- Radiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, IND
| | - Pratiksha Yadav
- Radiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, IND
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47
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Sun F, Zhang RJ, Cheng F, Fang Y, Yang RM, Ye XP, Han B, Zhao SX, Dong M, Song HD. Correlation of DUOX2 residual enzymatic activity with phenotype in congenital hypothyroidism caused by biallelic DUOX2 defects. Clin Genet 2021; 100:713-721. [PMID: 34564849 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
DUOX2 is the most frequently mutated gene in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in China. However, no reliable genotype-phenotype relationship has been found in patients with DUOX2 mutations. In this study, DUOX2 mutations were screened in 266 CH patients, and the enzymatic activity of 89 DUOX2 variants was determined in vitro. Furthermore, the DUOX2 residual activity in 76 CH patients caused by DUOX2 biallelic mutations was calculated. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were found to be higher and lower in patients with DUOX2 residual activity ≤22%, respectively, compared to patients with residual enzymatic activity >22%. Moreover, we interpreted the pathogenicity of DUOX2 variants by applying the ACMG classification criteria with or without PS3/BS3 evidence. The results indicated that residual DUOX2 enzymatic activity was closely related to the clinical phenotypes of CH patients caused by DUOX2 biallelic mutations. These findings suggest that the residual enzymatic activity of 22% may be a cutoff value for estimating the severity of hypothyroidism in CH patients with biallelic DUOX2 mutations. Well-established functional studies are useful and necessary to evaluate the pathogenicity of DUOX2 variants, improving the accuracy and scope of genetic consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Jia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Meng Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ye
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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48
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Role of Total Thyroidectomy in Painful (Symptomatic) Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Descriptive Study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 73:296-303. [PMID: 34471617 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hakura Hashimoto described Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) in 1912. In HT, there occurs formation of antibodies against the self (thyroid), which causes enlargement of the thyroid gland as a whole and decreased thyroid hormone levels. Most of the patients with HT are given medical line of management (hypo/hyperthyroidism). The indications for surgical line of management for HT are due to pressure symptoms over the trachea and oesophagus, pain in the thyroid gland and for chance of malignancy. Surgical treatment gives complete relief from pain and pressure symptoms and also prevents the risk of malignancy. To evaluate the outcome and complications of total thyroidectomy in painful (symptomatic) Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It was a Hospital based Descriptive study conducted in tertiary care teaching hospital by ENT Department, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry from Nov 2017 to May 2019. Sample size was 30. All patients with symptomatic (painful) HT was given trail of medical therapy (steroids and NSAIDS), following repeated attempts of failed medical therapy, surgical management (total thyroidectomy) was preferred. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain grading pre and post operatively. MS Excel and SPSS trial version 20 software was used to analyze the data. The Wilcoxan Signed Ranked test was used as test of significance to identify the difference between ordinal variables. In this study, all the 30 patients had pain as the predominant symptom. Visual Analog Scale was used to grade the pain in all the patients preoperatively and 2 weeks postoperatively. All the patients had significant reduction in the pain following total thyroidectomy, when compared to pre-operative VAS grading. Total thyroidectomy is the technique of choice in surgical treatment of symptomatic Hashimoto's thyroiditis (pain, tenderness and pressure symptoms) which warrants a radical and definitive control of the disease, without any risk of relapse and without the side effects of medical management. Moreover in longstanding cases of HT, the risk of malignant transformation is prevented due to total thyroidectomy. In experienced hands it assures total relief of compressive and painful symptoms and low incidence of/nil major complications.
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49
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Albano F, Tucci V, Blackshear PJ, Reale C, Roberto L, Russo F, Marotta P, Porreca I, Colella M, Mallardo M, de Felice M, Ambrosino C. ZFP36L2 Role in Thyroid Functionality. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9379. [PMID: 34502288 PMCID: PMC8431063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone levels are usually genetically determined. Thyrocytes produce a unique set of enzymes that are dedicated to thyroid hormone synthesis. While thyroid transcriptional regulation is well-characterized, post-transcriptional mechanisms have been less investigated. Here, we describe the involvement of ZFP36L2, a protein that stimulates degradation of target mRNAs, in thyroid development and function, by in vivo and in vitro gene targeting in thyrocytes. Thyroid-specific Zfp36l2-/- females were hypothyroid, with reduced levels of circulating free Thyroxine (cfT4) and Triiodothyronine (cfT3). Their hypothyroidism was due to dyshormonogenesis, already evident one week after weaning, while thyroid development appeared normal. We observed decreases in several thyroid-specific transcripts and proteins, such as Nis and its transcriptional regulators (Pax8 and Nkx2.1), and increased apoptosis in Zfp36l2-/- thyroids. Nis, Pax8, and Nkx2.1 mRNAs were also reduced in Zfp36l2 knock-out thyrocytes in vitro (L2KO), in which we confirmed the increased apoptosis. Finally, in L2KO cells, we showed an altered response to TSH stimulation regarding both thyroid-specific gene expression and cell proliferation and survival. This result was supported by increases in P21/WAF1 and p-P38MAPK levels. Mechanistically, we confirmed Notch1 as a target of ZFP36L2 in the thyroid since its levels were increased in both in vitro and in vivo models. In both models, the levels of Id4 mRNA, a potential inhibitor of Pax8 activity, were increased. Overall, the data indicate that the regulation of mRNA stability by ZFP36L2 is a mechanism that controls the function and survival of thyrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Albano
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Valeria Tucci
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Roberto
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Filomena Russo
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Immacolata Porreca
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Colella
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario de Felice
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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50
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Cunha C, Ferrinho C, Saraiva C, Duarte JS. Graves' disease and recurrence in ectopic thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/7/e243313. [PMID: 34315743 PMCID: PMC8317112 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with a midline neck mass 2 years after total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Despite levothyroxine treatment withdrawal, she remained biochemically with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Her thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies were consistently elevated. Neck ultrasonography revealed an infrahyoid solid nodule and pertechnetate scintigraphy confirmed an increased uptake at the same level, without any uptake in the thyroid bed. Treatment with methimazole 5 mg/day was initiated with clinical improvement and achievement of euthyroidism. After that, she received 10 mCi of radioactive iodine. Since then, she experienced regression of the neck mass and is doing well on a replacement dose of levothyroxine. Recurrence of Graves' disease in ectopic thyroid following total thyroidectomy is extremely rare. This diagnose should be considered in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and remained with thyrotoxicosis despite decreasing the levothyroxine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cunha
- Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catia Ferrinho
- Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Saraiva
- Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Sequeira Duarte
- Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
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