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Zhang K, Zhang H, Wang B, Gao S, Sun C, Jia C, Cui J. NR2F1 overexpression alleviates trophoblast cell dysfunction by inhibiting GDF15/MAPK axis in preeclampsia. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1405-1420. [PMID: 39007956 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal functions of trophoblast cells are associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1) acts as a transcriptionally regulator in many diseases, but its role in PE remains unknown. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-stimulated HTR-8/SVneo cells were used to mimic PE injury in vitro. NR2F1 overexpression alleviated trophoblast apoptosis, as evidenced by the decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells and the downregulation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression in cells. NR2F1 overexpression increased the invasion and migration ability of HTR-8/SVneo cells, accompanied by increased protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. mRNA-seq was applied to explore the underlying mechanism of NR2F1, identifying growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as the possible downstream effector. Dual-luciferase reporter, ChIP-qPCR, and DNA pull-down assays confirmed that NR2F1 bound to the promoter of GDF15 and transcriptionally inhibited its expression. GDF15 overexpression increased apoptosis and decreased the ability of invasion and migration in HTR-8/SVneo cells expressing NR2F1. MAPK pathway was involved in the regulation of PE. Administration of p38 inhibitor, ERK inhibitor, and JNK inhibitor reversed the effect of simultaneous overexpression NR2F1 and GDF15 on trophoblast apoptosis, invasion, and migration. Our findings demonstrated that NR2F1 overexpression inhibited trophoblast apoptosis and promoted trophoblast invasion and migration. NR2F1 might negatively regulate GDF15 expression by binding to its promoter region, which further inhibited MAPK signaling pathway in PE. Our study highlights that NR2F1 might sever as a potential target in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Jia
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinquan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2, Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Hart NR. Paradoxes: Cholesterol and Hypoxia in Preeclampsia. Biomolecules 2024; 14:691. [PMID: 38927094 PMCID: PMC11201883 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy of unknown etiology, is intensely studied as a model of cardiovascular disease (CVD) not only due to multiple shared pathologic elements but also because changes that develop over decades in CVD appear and resolve within days in preeclampsia. Those affected by preeclampsia and their offspring experience increased lifetime risks of CVD. At the systemic level, preeclampsia is characterized by increased cellular, membrane, and blood levels of cholesterol; however, cholesterol-dependent signaling, such as canonical Wnt/βcatenin, Hedgehog, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, is downregulated indicating a cholesterol deficit with the upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and efflux. Hypoxia-related signaling in preeclampsia also appears to be paradoxical with increased Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in the placenta but measurably increased oxygen in maternal blood in placental villous spaces. This review addresses the molecular mechanisms by which excessive systemic cholesterol and deficient cholesterol-dependent signaling may arise from the effects of dietary lipid variance and environmental membrane modifiers causing the cellular hypoxia that characterizes preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Hart
- PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
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3
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Bowman-Gibson S, Chandiramani C, Stone ML, Waker CA, Rackett TM, Maxwell RA, Dhanraj DN, Brown TL. Streamlined Analysis of Maternal Plasma Indicates Small Extracellular Vesicles are Significantly Elevated in Early-Onset Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01591-y. [PMID: 38777947 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. While placental dysfunction is a core underlying issue, the pathogenesis of this disorder is thought to differ between early-onset (EOPE) and late-onset (LOPE) subtypes. As recent reports suggest that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contribute to the development of PE, we have compared systemic sEV concentrations between normotensive, EOPE, and LOPE pregnancies. To circumvent lengthy isolation techniques and intermediate filtration steps, a streamlined approach was developed to evaluate circulating plasma sEVs from maternal plasma. Polymer-based precipitation and purification were used to isolate total systemic circulating maternal sEVs, free from bias toward specific surface marker expression or extensive subpurification. Immediate Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) of freshly isolated sEV samples afforded a comprehensive analysis that can be completed within hours, avoiding confounding freeze-thaw effects of particle aggregation and degradation.Rather than exosomal subpopulations, our findings indicate a significant elevation in the total number of circulating maternal sEVs in patients with EOPE. This streamlined approach also preserves sEV-bound protein and microRNA (miRNA) that can be used for potential biomarker analysis. This study is one of the first to demonstrate that maternal plasma sEVs harbor full-length hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein, with EOPE sEVs carrying higher levels of HIF-1α compared to control sEVs. The detection of HIF-1α and its direct signaling partner microRNA-210 (miR-210) within systemic maternal sEVs lays the groundwork for identifying how sEV signaling contributes to the development of preeclampsia. When taken together, our quantitative and qualitative results provide compelling evidence to support the translational potential of streamlined sEV analysis for future use in the clinical management of patients with EOPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scout Bowman-Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Chandni Chandiramani
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Madison L Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Christopher A Waker
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Traci M Rackett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Rose A Maxwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - David N Dhanraj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Thomas L Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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Brown ER, Giussani DA. Cause of fetal growth restriction during high-altitude pregnancy. iScience 2024; 27:109702. [PMID: 38694168 PMCID: PMC11061758 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
High-altitude pregnancy increases the incidence of fetal growth restriction and reduces birth weight. This poses a significant clinical challenge as both are linked to adverse health outcomes, including raised infant mortality and the development of the metabolic syndrome in later life. While this reduction in birth weight is mostly understood to be driven by the hypobaric hypoxia of high altitude, the causative mechanism is unclear. Moreover, it is now recognized that highland ancestry confers protection against this reduction in birth weight. Here, we analyze the evidence that pregnancy at high altitude reduces birth weight and that highland ancestry confers protection, discussing mechanisms contributing to both effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Brown
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Centre for Research Excellence
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Zakeri S, Rahimi Z, Rezvani N, Vaisi-Raygani A, Alibakhshi R, Zakeri S, Yari K. The influence of Nrf2 gene promoter methylation on gene expression and oxidative stress parameters in preeclampsia. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:64. [PMID: 38419047 PMCID: PMC10903067 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious medical condition that usually causes high blood pressure and affects multiple organs. Considering the adverse effect of oxidative stress on the process of PE in pregnant women and regarding the role of the Nrf2 gene in placental oxidative pathways, this study was conducted to investigate the DNA methylation status of Nrf2 in PE and healthy pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present case-control study consisted of 70 PE and 70 healthy pregnant women. Blood and placenta samples were taken from all subjects, and the percentage of the Nrf2 gene methylation in the samples was assessed by the Methyl Light PCR method. Also, the Nrf2 gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) were measured by the colorimetric method. RESULTS In PE women, there was a significant increase in blood pressure, term of pregnancy, and BMI. In addition, there were enhanced Nrf2 DNA methylation percentage in placenta tissue and increased TOS levels in placenta tissue and blood compared to healthy pregnant women (P < 0.05). Also, in the PE group, there was a significant decrease in Nrf2 gene expression and TAC level in placenta tissue compared to the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The Nrf2 gene undergoes epigenetic modifications of DNA hypermethylation in the PE placenta. Decreased expression of this gene and the changes in the level of oxidative parameters (TAC, TOS) confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Zakeri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, Kermanshah, P.O.Box: 67148-69914, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, Kermanshah, P.O.Box: 67148-69914, Iran.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nayebali Rezvani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, Kermanshah, P.O.Box: 67148-69914, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, Kermanshah, P.O.Box: 67148-69914, Iran
| | - Reza Alibakhshi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Avenue, Kermanshah, P.O.Box: 67148-69914, Iran
| | - Sahel Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kheirolah Yari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kobayashi H, Yoshimoto C, Matsubara S, Shigetomi H, Imanaka S. An integral role of mitochondrial function in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:330. [PMID: 38393449 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The development of effective treatment strategies remains a major challenge due to the limited understanding of the pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of PE research, focusing on the molecular basis of mitochondrial function in normal and PE placentas, and discuss perspectives on future research directions. Mitochondria integrate numerous physiological processes such as energy production, cellular redox homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy, a selective autophagic clearance of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Normal placental mitochondria have evolved innovative survival strategies to cope with uncertain environments (e.g., hypoxia and nutrient starvation). Cytotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblast cells, and syncytiotrophoblasts all have distinct mitochondrial morphology and function. Recent advances in molecular studies on the spatial and temporal changes in normal mitochondrial function are providing valuable insight into PE pathogenesis. In PE placentas, hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial fission may induce activation of mitophagy machinery, leading to increased mitochondrial fragmentation and placental tissue damage over time. Repair mechanisms in mitochondrial function restore placental function, but disruption of compensatory mechanisms can induce apoptotic death of trophoblast cells. Additionally, molecular markers associated with repair or compensatory mechanisms that may influence the development and progression of PE are beginning to be identified. However, contradictory results have been obtained regarding some of the molecules that control mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy in PE placentas. In conclusion, understanding how the mitochondrial morphology and function influence cell fate decisions of trophoblast cells is an important issue in normal as well as pathological placentation biology. Research focusing on mitochondrial function will become increasingly important for elucidating the pathogenesis and effective treatment strategies of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, 871-1 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-0813, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijyonishi-machi, Nara, 630-8581, Japan
| | - Sho Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kei Oushin Clinic, 5-2-6, Naruo-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8184, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Aska Ladies Clinic, 3-3-17 Kitatomigaoka-cho, Nara, 634- 0001, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, 871-1 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-0813, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
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Fuenzalida B, Yañez MJ, Mueller M, Mistry HD, Leiva A, Albrecht C. Evidence for hypoxia-induced dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis in preeclampsia: Insights into the mechanisms from human placental cells and tissues. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23431. [PMID: 38265294 PMCID: PMC10953329 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301708rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) poses a considerable risk to the long-term cardiovascular health of both mothers and their offspring due to a hypoxic environment in the placenta leading to reduced fetal oxygen supply. Cholesterol is vital for fetal development by influencing placental function. Recent findings suggest an association between hypoxia, disturbed cholesterol homeostasis, and PE. This study investigates the influence of hypoxia on placental cholesterol homeostasis. Using primary human trophoblast cells and placentae from women with PE, various aspects of cholesterol homeostasis were examined under hypoxic and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions. Under hypoxia and H/R, intracellular total and non-esterified cholesterol levels were significantly increased. This coincided with an upregulation of HMG-CoA-reductase and HMG-CoA-synthase (key genes regulating cholesterol biosynthesis), and a decrease in acetyl-CoA-acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT1), which mediates cholesterol esterification. Hypoxia and H/R also increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and elevated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α and sterol-regulatory-element-binding-protein (SREBP) transcription factors. Additionally, exposure of trophoblasts to hypoxia and H/R resulted in enhanced cholesterol efflux to maternal and fetal serum. This was accompanied by an increased expression of proteins involved in cholesterol transport such as the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and the ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1). Despite these metabolic alterations, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) signaling, a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, was largely unaffected. Our findings indicate dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis at multiple metabolic points in both the trophoblast hypoxia model and placentae from women with PE. The increased cholesterol efflux and intracellular accumulation of non-esterified cholesterol may have critical implications for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy, potentially contributing to an elevated cardiovascular risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fuenzalida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Maria Jose Yañez
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Martin Mueller
- Division of Gynecology and ObstetricsLindenhofgruppeBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Hiten D. Mistry
- Department of Women and Children's HealthSchool of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Ozmen A, Nwabuobi C, Tang Z, Guo X, Larsen K, Guller S, Blas J, Moore M, Kayisli UA, Lockwood CJ, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O. Leptin-Mediated Induction of IL-6 Expression in Hofbauer Cells Contributes to Preeclampsia Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:135. [PMID: 38203306 PMCID: PMC10778808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin plays a crucial role in regulating energy homoeostasis, neuroendocrine function, metabolism, and immune and inflammatory responses. The adipose tissue is a main source of leptin, but during pregnancy, leptin is also secreted primarily by the placenta. Circulating leptin levels peak during the second trimester of human pregnancy and fall after labor. Several studies indicated a strong association between elevated placental leptin levels and preeclampsia (PE) pathogenesis and elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in PE patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that a local increase in placental leptin production induces IL-6 production in Hofbauer cells (HBCs) to contribute to PE-associated inflammation. We first investigated HBCs-specific IL-6 and leptin receptor (LEPR) expression and compared their immunoreactivity in PE vs. gestational age-matched control placentas. Subsequently, we examined the in vitro regulation of IL-6 as well as the phosphorylation levels of intracellular signaling proteins STAT3, STAT5, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 by increasing recombinant human leptin concentrations (10 to 1000 ng/mL) in primary cultured HBCs. Lastly, HBC cultures were incubated with leptin ± specific inhibitors of STAT3 or STAT5, or p65 NF-κB or ERK1/2 MAPK signaling cascades to determine relevant cascade(s) involved in leptin-mediated IL-6 regulation. Immunohistochemistry revealed ~three- and ~five-fold increases in IL-6 and LEPR expression, respectively, in HBCs from PE placentas. In vitro analysis indicated that leptin treatment in HBCs stimulate IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner both at the transcriptional and secretory levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, leptin-treated HBC cultures displayed significantly increased phosphorylation levels of STAT5, p65 NF-κB, and ERK1/2 MAPK and pre-incubation of HBCs with a specific ERK1/2 MAPK inhibitor blocked leptin-induced IL-6 expression. Our in situ results show that HBCs contribute to the pathogenesis of PE by elevating IL-6 expression, and in vitro results indicate that induction of IL-6 expression in HBCs is primarily leptin-mediated. While HBCs display an anti-inflammatory phenotype in normal placentas, elevated levels of leptin may transform HBCs into a pro-inflammatory phenotype by activating ERK1/2 MAPK to augment IL-6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Ozmen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Chinedu Nwabuobi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (Z.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Kellie Larsen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (Z.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Jacqueline Blas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Monica Moore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Umit A. Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Charles J. Lockwood
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Ozlem Guzeloglu-Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.O.); (C.N.); (X.G.); (K.L.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (U.A.K.); (C.J.L.)
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Osman T, Keshk EA, Alghamdi AAS, Alghamdi MAA, Alghamdi MAA, Alzahrani AA, Alghamdi KN, Alzahrani YA, Alghamdi AA, Alghamdi RA. Awareness of Preeclampsia and Its Associated Factors Among Women in Al Baha Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e49038. [PMID: 38116365 PMCID: PMC10729291 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is associated with the incidence of common fetal problems including intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), premature delivery oligohydramnios, placental abruption, fetal discomfort, and intrauterine fetal death. Pregnant women are not well-informed about preeclampsia, including its symptoms, risk factors, and consequences. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the awareness of preeclampsia and its associated factors among women in the Al Baha region, Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY An observational cross-sectional design was employed to assess the awareness of preeclampsia and its associated factors among women in the Al Baha region of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected from April 2023 to September 2023. A questionnaire was designed to gather information on participants' sociodemographic characteristics (such as age, educational level, and residency) and their awareness of preeclampsia, including knowledge about signs/symptoms, risk factors, and complications. RESULTS In the current study, we included 485 pregnant women. The majority of participants were aged 40 years or older (37.5%), followed by those aged 35-39 (20.4%). Among the participants, 70.9% confirmed that they had heard about pre-eclampsia before. The most common signs and symptoms were high blood pressure (47.4%), increased protein in urine (40.2%), continuous headache (39.2%), and vomiting/nausea (40.0%). Participants demonstrated awareness of obesity (29.7%), diabetes mellitus (35.5%), chronic hypertension (47.0%), and chronic kidney disease (31.3%) as major risk factors. Participants were aware of potential risks such as kidney disorders (34.6%), heart disorders (23.7%), and preterm delivery (50.9%). The analysis reveals that younger participants below 20 years old (3.3%) and lower educational levels (5.6%) had lower awareness of preeclampsia compared to older age groups. CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight a reasonable level of preeclampsia awareness and knowledge among Saudi Arabian women residing in the Al Baha region. While the majority of participants were familiar with preeclampsia, there were significant knowledge gaps regarding the precise symptoms, risk factors, and consequences of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajelsir Osman
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Al Baha University, Al Baha, SAU
| | - Eman A Keshk
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Al Baha University, Al Baha, SAU
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Chatterjee P, Holody CD, Kirschenman R, Graton ME, Spaans F, Phillips TJ, Case CP, Bourque SL, Lemieux H, Davidge ST. Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Hypoxia and a Placental Antioxidant Treatment on Cardiac Mitochondrial Function in the Young Adult Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13624. [PMID: 37686430 PMCID: PMC10487956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia is associated with placental oxidative stress, leading to impaired fetal growth and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the adult offspring; however, the mechanisms are unknown. Alterations in mitochondrial function may result in impaired cardiac function in offspring. In this study, we hypothesized that cardiac mitochondrial function is impaired in adult offspring exposed to intrauterine hypoxia, which can be prevented by placental treatment with a nanoparticle-encapsulated mitochondrial antioxidant (nMitoQ). Cardiac mitochondrial respiration was assessed in 4-month-old rat offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia (11% O2) from gestational day (GD)15-21 receiving either saline or nMitoQ on GD 15. Prenatal hypoxia did not alter cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in the male offspring. In females, the NADH + succinate pathway capacity decreased by prenatal hypoxia and tended to be increased by nMitoQ. Prenatal hypoxia also decreased the succinate pathway capacity in females. nMitoQ treatment increased respiratory coupling efficiency in prenatal hypoxia-exposed female offspring. In conclusion, prenatal hypoxia impaired cardiac mitochondrial function in adult female offspring only, which was improved with prenatal nMitoQ treatment. Therefore, treatment strategies targeting placental oxidative stress in prenatal hypoxia may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in adult offspring by improving cardiac mitochondrial function in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Chatterjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Claudia D. Holody
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Murilo E. Graton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
| | - Tom J. Phillips
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - C. Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK;
| | - Stephane L. Bourque
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.K.); (M.E.G.); (F.S.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (S.L.B.); (H.L.)
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11
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Casey H, Dennehy N, Fraser A, Lees C, McEniery C, Scott K, Wilkinson I, Delles C. Placental syndromes and maternal cardiovascular health. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1211-1224. [PMID: 37606085 PMCID: PMC10447226 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The placental syndromes gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk to the mother later in life. In this review, we argue that a woman's pre-conception cardiovascular health drives both the development of placental syndromes and long-term cardiovascular risk but acknowledge that placental syndromes can also contribute to future cardiovascular risk independent of pre-conception health. We describe how preclinical studies in models of preeclampsia inform our understanding of the links with later cardiovascular disease, and how current pre-pregnancy studies may explain relative contributions of both pre-conception factors and the occurrence of placental syndromes to long-term cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Casey
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| | - Natalie Dennehy
- Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, U.K
| | - Abigail Fraser
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, and the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Christoph Lees
- Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, U.K
| | - Carmel M. McEniery
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, U.K
| | - Kayley Scott
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
| | - Ian B. Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, U.K
| | - Christian Delles
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
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12
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Joshi N, Sahay A, Mane A, Sundrani D, Randhir K, Wagh G, Thornburg K, Powell T, Yajnik C, Joshi S. Altered expression of nutrient transporters in syncytiotrophoblast membranes in preeclampsia placentae. Placenta 2023; 139:181-189. [PMID: 37421872 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Expression of nutrient transporters in the placenta affects fetal growth. This study reports the protein expression of nutrient transporters in the syncytial membranes [microvillous membrane (MVM) and basal membrane (BM)] of normotensive control and preeclampsia placentae. METHODS Placentae were collected from fourteen normotensive control women and fourteen women with preeclampsia. The syncytiotrophoblast MVM and BM membranes were isolated. The protein expression of glucose transporter (GLUT1), vitamin B12 transporter (CD320) and fatty acid transporters (FATP2, FATP4) was assessed in both the membranes. RESULTS Comparison between membranes demonstrates similar CD320 protein expression in normotensive group whereas, in preeclampsia placentae it was higher in the BM as compared to MVM (p < 0.05). FATP2&4 protein expression was higher in the BM as compared to their respective MVM fraction in both the groups (p < 0.01 for both). Comparison between groups demonstrates higher GLUT1 expression in the MVM (p < 0.05) and BM (p < 0.05) whereas lower CD320 expression in the MVM (p < 0.05) of preeclampsia placentae as compared to their respective membranes in normotensive control. Furthermore, GLUT1 protein expression was positively associated and CD320 protein expression was negatively associated with maternal body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05 for both). No difference was observed in the FATP2&4 protein expression. However, FATP4 protein expression was negatively associated with maternal blood pressure (p < 0.05 for MVM; p = 0.060 for BM) and birth weight (p < 0.05 for both membranes). DISCUSSION The current study for the first time demonstrates differential expression of various transporters in the syncytiotrophoblast membranes of the preeclampsia placentae which may influence fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Akriti Sahay
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Aditi Mane
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Deepali Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Girija Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Kent Thornburg
- Department of Medicine, Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Theresa Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India.
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13
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Hu XQ, Song R, Dasgupta C, Blood AB, Zhang L. TET2 confers a mechanistic link of microRNA-210 and mtROS in hypoxia-suppressed spontaneous transient outward currents in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep. J Physiol 2023; 601:1501-1514. [PMID: 36856073 PMCID: PMC10106393 DOI: 10.1113/jp284336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia during pregnancy impairs uterine vascular adaptation via microRNA-210 (miR-210)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation. TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) participates in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress and its deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we hypothesize a role of TET2 in hypoxia/miR-210-mediated mtROS suppressing spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in uterine arteries. We found that gestational hypoxia downregulated TET2 in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep and TET2 was a target of miR-210. Knockdown of TET2 with small interfering RNAs suppressed mitochondrial respiration, increased mtROS, inhibited STOCs and elevated myogenic tone. By contrast, overexpression of TET2 negated hypoxia- and miR-210-induced mtROS. The effects of TET2 knockdown in uterine arteries on mtROS, STOCs and myogenic contractions were blocked by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ. In addition, the recovery effects of inhibiting endogenous miR-210 with miR-210-LNA on hypoxia-induced suppression of STOCs and augmentation of myogenic tone were reversed by TET2 knockdown in uterine arteries. Together, our study reveals a novel mechanistic link between the miR-210-TET2-mtROS pathway and inhibition of STOCs and provides new insights into the understanding of uterine vascular maladaptation in pregnancy complications associated with gestational hypoxia. KEY POINTS: Gestational hypoxia downregulates TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep. TET2 is a downstream target of microRNA-210 (miR-210) and miR-210 mediates hypoxia-induced TET2 downregulation. Knockdown of TET2 in uterine arteries recapitulates the effect of hypoxia and miR-210 and impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) . Overexpression of TET2 negates the effect of hypoxia and miR-210 on increasing mtROS. TET2 knockdown reiterates the effect of hypoxia and miR-210 and suppresses spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) and elevates myogenic tone, and these effects are blocked by MitoQ. Knockdown of TET2 reverses the miR-210-LNA-induced reversal of the effects of hypoxia on STOCs and myogenic tone in uterine arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qun Hu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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14
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Campbell KA, Colacino JA, Puttabyatappa M, Dou JF, Elkin ER, Hammoud SS, Domino SE, Dolinoy DC, Goodrich JM, Loch-Caruso R, Padmanabhan V, Bakulski KM. Placental cell type deconvolution reveals that cell proportions drive preeclampsia gene expression differences. Commun Biol 2023; 6:264. [PMID: 36914823 PMCID: PMC10011423 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta mediates adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, which is characterized by gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Placental cell type heterogeneity in preeclampsia is not well-understood and limits mechanistic interpretation of bulk gene expression measures. We generated single-cell RNA-sequencing samples for integration with existing data to create the largest deconvolution reference of 19 fetal and 8 maternal cell types from placental villous tissue (n = 9 biological replicates) at term (n = 40,494 cells). We deconvoluted eight published microarray case-control studies of preeclampsia (n = 173 controls, 157 cases). Preeclampsia was associated with excess extravillous trophoblasts and fewer mesenchymal and Hofbauer cells. Adjustment for cellular composition reduced preeclampsia-associated differentially expressed genes (log2 fold-change cutoff = 0.1, FDR < 0.05) from 1154 to 0, whereas downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, aerobic respiration, and ribosome biogenesis were robust to cell type adjustment, suggesting direct changes to these pathways. Cellular composition mediated a substantial proportion of the association between preeclampsia and FLT1 (37.8%, 95% CI [27.5%, 48.8%]), LEP (34.5%, 95% CI [26.0%, 44.9%]), and ENG (34.5%, 95% CI [25.0%, 45.3%]) overexpression. Our findings indicate substantial placental cellular heterogeneity in preeclampsia contributes to previously observed bulk gene expression differences. This deconvolution reference lays the groundwork for cellular heterogeneity-aware investigation into placental dysfunction and adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Campbell
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - John F Dou
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elana R Elkin
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saher S Hammoud
- Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Domino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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15
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Horii M, To C, Morey R, Jacobs MB, Li Y, Nelson KK, Meads M, Siegel BA, Pizzo D, Adami R, Zhang-Rutledge K, Lamale-Smith L, Laurent LC, Parast MM. Histopathologic and Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Novel Trophoblast Defects in Patients With Preeclampsia and Maternal Vascular Malperfusion. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100035. [PMID: 36853788 PMCID: PMC10081686 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a heterogeneous disease for which the current clinical classification system is based on the presence or absence of specific clinical features. PE-associated placentas also show heterogeneous findings on pathologic examination, suggesting that further subclassification is possible. We combined clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and transcriptomic profiling of placentas to develop integrated signatures for multiple subclasses of PE. In total, 303 PE and 1388 nonhypertensive control placentas were included. We found that maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) in the placenta was associated with preterm PE with severe features and with small-for-gestational-age neonates. Interestingly, PE placentas with either MVM or no histologic pattern of injury showed a linear decrease in proliferative (p63+) cytotrophoblast per villous area with increasing gestational age, similar to placentas obtained from the nonhypertensive patient cohort; however, PE placentas with fetal vascular malperfusion or villitis of unknown etiology lost this phenotype. This is mainly because of cases of fetal vascular malperfusion in placentas of patients with preterm PE and villitis of unknown etiology in placentas of patients with term PE, which are associated with a decrease or increase, respectively, in the cytotrophoblast per villous area. Finally, a transcriptomic analysis identified pathways associated with hypoxia, inflammation, and reduced cell proliferation in PE-MVM placentas and further subclassified this group into extravillous trophoblast-high and extravillous trophoblast-low PE, confirmed using an immunohistochemical analysis of trophoblast lineage-specific markers. Our findings suggest that within specific histopathologic patterns of placental injury, PE can be subclassified based on specific cellular and molecular defects, allowing the identification of pathways that may be targeted for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Horii
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cuong To
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert Morey
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marni B Jacobs
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Katharine K Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Morgan Meads
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brent A Siegel
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Donald Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rebecca Adami
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kathy Zhang-Rutledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Leah Lamale-Smith
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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16
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Cherubini M, Haase K. A Bioengineered Model for Studying Vascular-Pericyte Interactions of the Placenta. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:409-423. [PMID: 36653720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the complex cellular interactions of the placenta has remained, until now, a challenge in the field. Given the ethical limitations of studying human placentae, and the interspecies differences that exist between mammals, in vitro models are a valuable tool for investigating developmental and pathologic processes related to the human placenta. A number of in vitro models have been recently employed to investigate various aspects of placental development, with many focusing on the maternal-fetal interface including the trophoblasts and an endothelial barrier. One critical aspect in mimicking the physiology of the placenta is to include perfusable microvessels. As this organ is highly vascularized, it is pertinent to represent the exchange of oxygen and nutrients from the maternal blood to the embedded vessels of the fetus. Using hydrogel-laden microfluidics, it is now possible to bioengineer these and other microvessels in a reproducible manner. By using HUVEC, fetal-like vessels can be generated on a chip and can be studied in a controlled manner. This chapter introduces the concept of generating a triculture vasculature on-chip system, which can be employed to study placental pericyte-endothelial interactions. We describe strategies for generating the vessels on-chip, as well as for quantifying vascular morphology and function. This methodology allows for unique microvessel-related biological questions to be addressed, including how stromal cells impact vascular remodeling over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cherubini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Alanazi AS, Victor F, Rehman K, Khan YH, Yunusa I, Alzarea AI, Akash MSH, Mallhi TH. Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and KidneyDisease as Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia: A Disease of Theories and Its Association with Genetic Polymorphism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16690. [PMID: 36554576 PMCID: PMC9778778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pre-existing diabetes, hypertension and kidney disorders are prominent risk factors of pre-eclampsia (PE). It is a multifactorial pregnancy disorder associated with high blood pressure, proteinuria, and multiorgan failure, which develops after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is one of the most feared pregnancy disorders, as it consumes thousands of fetomaternal lives per annum. According to clinical and pathological studies, the placenta appears to be a key player in the pathogenesis of PE; however, the exact origin of this disorder is still under debate. Defective placentation and angiogenesis are the hallmarks of PE progression. This angiogenic imbalance, together with maternal susceptibility, might determine the severity and clinical presentation of PE. This article comprehensively examines the mechanisms of pathogenesis of PE and current evidence of the factors involved in its progression. Finally, this article will explore the genetic association of PE, various candidate genes, their proposed mechanisms and variants involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Salah Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francis Victor
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chenab, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismaeel Yunusa
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | - Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Oxidative Regulation of Vascular Ca v1.2 Channels Triggers Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122432. [PMID: 36552639 PMCID: PMC9774363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) channel in small arteries and arterioles plays an essential role in regulating Ca2+ influx, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, diabetes has a high prevalence of hypertension. The etiology of these disorders remains elusive, involving the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Common to these disorders are oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria are primary sources of vascular oxidative stress, whereas dysfunction of the Cav1.2 channel confers increased vascular resistance in hypertension. This review will discuss the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating vascular Cav1.2 and potential roles of ROS-mediated Cav1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
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19
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Sallais J, Park C, Alahari S, Porter T, Liu R, Kurt M, Farrell A, Post M, Caniggia I. HIF1 inhibitor acriflavine rescues early-onset preeclampsia phenotype in mice lacking placental prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158908. [PMID: 36227697 PMCID: PMC9746916 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy disorder that lacks effective treatments other than delivery. Improper sensing of oxygen changes during placentation by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), specifically PHD2, causes placental hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) buildup and abnormal downstream signaling in early-onset preeclampsia, yet therapeutic targeting of HIF1 has never been attempted. Here we generated a conditional (placenta-specific) knockout of Phd2 in mice (Phd2-/- cKO) to reproduce HIF1 excess and to assess anti-HIF therapy. Conditional deletion of Phd2 in the junctional zone during pregnancy increased placental HIF1 content, resulting in abnormal placentation, impaired remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries, and fetal growth restriction. Pregnant dams developed new-onset hypertension at midgestation (E9.5) in addition to proteinuria and renal and cardiac pathology, hallmarks of severe preeclampsia in humans. Daily injection of acriflavine, a small molecule inhibitor of HIF1, to pregnant Phd2-/- cKO mice from E7.5 (prior to hypertension) or E10.5 (after hypertension had been established) to E14.5 corrected placental dysmorphologies and improved fetal growth. Moreover, it reduced maternal blood pressure and reverted renal and myocardial pathology. Thus, therapeutic targeting of the HIF pathway may improve placental development and function, as well as maternal and fetal health, in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sallais
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Chanho Park
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sruthi Alahari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Porter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruizhe Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Merve Kurt
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abby Farrell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Martin Post
- Institute of Medical Sciences, and,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, and,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Zhao J, Ding H, Ding J, Shi X, He Y, Zhu H, Yuan H, Zhang T, Zhang J. The m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes trophoblast cell invasion by regulating MYLK expression. Placenta 2022; 129:1-6. [PMID: 36170767 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The progression of placental diseases such as preeclampsia is closely related to trophoblast dysfunction. Recent studies indicated the dysregulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in trophoblast disorders, while the function of METTL3, a methyltransferase of m6A, in trophoblasts remains to be studied. METHODS The expression of METTL3 was determined by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. METTL3 expression in trophoblast cell lines HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 was knocked down using shRNA. The invasion of trophoblast cells in Matrigel was determined using xCELLigence. The m6A-containing transcripts was determined by m6A-sequencing in HTR-8/SVneo cells. The myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene was transfected into HTR-8/SVneo cells. RESULTS The expression of METTL3 was downregulated in preeclamptic placentae compared to normal placentae. Knockdown of METTL3 repressed the invasion of extravillous trophoblast cells. Mechanistically, METTL3 promoted the stability of MYLK mRNA through m6A modification. Overexpression of MYLK rescued retarded cell invasion by METTL3 depletion. DISCUSSION Collectively, our results highlight an essential role of METTL3-MYLK axis in trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Haigang Ding
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Jinlong Ding
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Xiaoliang Shi
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Yao He
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Hongdan Zhu
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
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21
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Trophoblast Exosomal UCA1 Induces Endothelial Injury through the PFN1-RhoA/ROCK Pathway in Preeclampsia: A Human-Specific Adaptive Pathogenic Mechanism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2198923. [PMID: 36160709 PMCID: PMC9499815 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2198923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is regarded as an evolution-related disease that has only been observed in humans and our closest relatives, and the important factor contributing to its pathogenesis is endothelial dysregulation secondary to a stressed placenta. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1α), a highly conserved molecule in virtually all mammals, is regarded as a crucial regulator of the hypoxia adaptation and evolution. Persistent high expression of HIF1α in the placenta is one of the pathogenic mechanisms of preeclampsia. Therefore, human-specific molecules should link increased HIF1α to preeclampsia. We reported that urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) is a potential mediator because it is a human-specific long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that is upregulated in placental tissues and maternal serum from women with preeclampsia and is regulated by HIF1α. The cellular HIF1α-UCA1 pathway promoted the adaptation of trophoblasts to hypoxia by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and changes in the levels of key enzymes in glycolysis. On the other hand, circulating exosomal UCA1 secreted from stressed trophoblasts induced vascular endothelial dysfunction, especially excess ROS production, as measured by exosome extraction and a coculture system. At the molecular level, UCA1 physically bound to ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14), which is a deubiquitinating enzyme, and UCA1 functioned as a scaffold to recruit USP14 to profilin 1 (PFN1), an actin-binding protein contributing to endothelial abnormalities and vascular diseases. This ternary complex inhibited the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of PFN1 and prolonged its half-life, further activating the RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway to induce ROS production in endothelial cells. Taken together, these observations suggest a role for the evolution-related UCA1 in the HIF1α-induced adaptive pathogenic mechanism of preeclampsia, promoting the survival of hypoxic trophoblasts and injuring maternal endothelial cells.
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22
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Exosomal miR-195 in hUC-MSCs alleviates hypoxia-induced damage of trophoblast cells through tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2. Curr Res Transl Med 2022; 70:103352. [PMID: 35940082 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-195 (miR-195) was decreased in the patients with pre-eclampsia (PE), which was implicated to modulate PE. Moreover, tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), which was highly expressed in the placenta of PE patients, was negatively correlated with miR-195 levels. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-195 in the cell therapy for the treatment of PE and the underlying mechanisms. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were transfected with miR-195 mimic or mimic negative control to extract exosomes. HTR8/SVneo was incubated under hypoxia condition to induce cell damage, and co-co-cultured with exosomes derived from hUC-MSCs to evaluate its effect. Hypoxia time-dependently caused a decrease on miR-195 level with an increase on TFPI2 expression in HTR8/SVneo. MiR-195 directly bind to TFPI2 and inhibited TFPI2 expression in hUC-MSCs. Moreover, hypoxia-induced cell damage in HTR8/SVneo was significantly attenuated by co-culture with hUC-MSC-derived exosomes. Exosomes extracted from miR-195-overexpressed hUC-MSCs, could further ameliorate hypoxia-induced cell damage, due to the excessive amount of miR-195 delivered by exosomes. Exosomal miR-195 in hUC-MSCs alleviated hypoxia-induced cell damage through TFPI2, which might provide a potential therapeutic approach for pre-eclampsia.
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23
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Cheng S, Huang Z, Banerjee S, Jash S, Buxbaum JN, Sharma S. Evidence From Human Placenta, Endoplasmic Reticulum-Stressed Trophoblasts, and Transgenic Mice Links Transthyretin Proteinopathy to Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2022; 79:1738-1754. [PMID: 35607996 PMCID: PMC9308752 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have demonstrated that protein aggregation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and identified several aggregated proteins in the circulation of preeclampsia patients, the most prominent of which is the serum protein TTR (transthyretin). However, the mechanisms that underlie protein aggregation remain poorly addressed. METHODS We examined TTR aggregates in hypoxia/reoxygenation-exposed primary human trophoblasts (PHTs) and the preeclampsia placenta using complementary approaches, including a novel protein aggregate detection assay. Mechanistic analysis was performed in hypoxia/reoxygenation-exposed PHTs and Ttr transgenic mice overexpressing transgene-encoded wild-type human TTR or Ttr-/- mice. High-resolution ultrasound analysis was used to measure placental blood flow in pregnant mice. RESULTS TTR aggregation was inducible in PHTs and the TCL-1 trophoblast cell line by endoplasmic reticulum stress inducers or autophagy-lysosomal disruptors. PHTs exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation showed increased intracellular BiP (binding immunoglobulin protein), phosphorylated IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme-1α), PDI (protein disulfide isomerase), and Ero-1, all markers of the unfolded protein response, and the apoptosis mediator caspase-3. Blockade of IRE1α inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced upregulation of Ero-1 in PHTs. Excessive unfolded protein response activation was observed in the early-onset preeclampsia placenta. Importantly, pregnant human TTR mice displayed aggregated TTR in the junctional zone of the placenta and severe preeclampsia-like features. High-resolution ultrasound analysis revealed low blood flow in uterine and umbilical arteries in human TTR mice compared with control mice. However, Ttr-/- mice did not show any pregnancy-associated abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS These observations in the preeclampsia placenta, cultured trophoblasts, and Ttr transgenic mice indicate that TTR aggregation is an important causal contributor to preeclampsia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (S.C., Z.H., S.B., S.J., S.S.)
| | - Zheping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (S.C., Z.H., S.B., S.J., S.S.)
| | - Sayani Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (S.C., Z.H., S.B., S.J., S.S.)
| | - Sukanta Jash
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (S.C., Z.H., S.B., S.J., S.S.)
| | - Joel N Buxbaum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.N.B.).,Protego Biopharma, Inc, San Diego, CA (J.N.B.)
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (S.C., Z.H., S.B., S.J., S.S.)
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24
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Jin S, Wu C, Chen M, Sun D, Zhang H. The pathological and therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stem cells in preeclampsia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:923334. [PMID: 35966876 PMCID: PMC9370554 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.923334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have made progress in the treatment of ischemic and inflammatory diseases. Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by placenta ischemic and inflammatory injury. Our paper summarized the new role of MSCs in PE pathology and its potency in PE therapy and analyzed its current limitations. Intravenously administered MSCs dominantly distributed in perinatal tissues. There may be additional advantages to using MSCs-based therapies for reproductive disorders. It will provide new ideas for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanshan Jin
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Canrong Wu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Physiotherapy, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyan Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Zhang,
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25
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Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis and Pregnancy: A Review of the Literature and Case Presentation. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58080984. [PMID: 35893099 PMCID: PMC9331898 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58080984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is a rare, usually autoimmune, disease, where surfactant accumulates within alveoli due to decreased clearance, causing dyspnea and hypoxemia. The disease is even more rare in pregnancy; nevertheless, it has been reported in pregnant women and can even appear for the first time during pregnancy as an asthma-like illness. Therefore, awareness is important. Similarly to many autoimmune diseases, it can worsen during pregnancy and postpartum, causing maternal and fetal/neonatal complications. This paper offers a narrative literature review of PAP and pregnancy, while illustrating a case of a pregnant patient with known PAP who developed preeclampsia in the third trimester but had an overall fortunate maternal and neonatal outcome.
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26
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Yao T, Liu Q, Tian W. Deconvolution of a Large Cohort of Placental Microarray Data Reveals Clinically Distinct Subtypes of Preeclampsia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:917086. [PMID: 35910034 PMCID: PMC9326345 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.917086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that the dysfunctional placenta plays an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. However, it is not well understood how individual cell types in the placenta are involved in placenta dysfunction because of limited single-cell studies of placenta with PE. Given that a high-resolution single-cell atlas in the placenta is now available, deconvolution of publicly available bulk PE transcriptome data may provide us with the opportunity to investigate the contribution of individual placental cell types to PE. Recent benchmark studies on deconvolution have provided suggestions on the strategy of marker gene selection and the choice of methodologies. In this study, we experimented with these suggestions by using real bulk data with known cell-type proportions and established a deconvolution pipeline using CIBERSORT. Applying the deconvolution pipeline to a large cohort of PE placental microarray data, we found that the proportions of trophoblast cells in the placenta were significantly different between PE and normal controls. We then predicted cell-type-level expression profiles for each sample using CIBERSORTx and found that the activities of several canonical PE-related pathways were significantly altered in specific subtypes of trophoblasts in PE. Finally, we constructed an integrated expression profile for each PE sample by combining the predicted cell-type-level expression profiles of several clinically relevant placental cell types and identified four clusters likely representing four PE subtypes with clinically distinct features. As such, our study showed that deconvolution of a large cohort of placental microarray provided new insights about the molecular mechanism of PE that would not be obtained by analyzing bulk expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Weidong Tian,
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27
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Hu XQ, Song R, Dasgupta C, Romero M, Juarez R, Hanson J, Blood AB, Wilson SM, Zhang L. MicroRNA-210-mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species confer hypoxia-induced suppression of spontaneous transient outward currents in ovine uterine arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4640-4654. [PMID: 35776536 PMCID: PMC9474621 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Hypoxia during pregnancy is associated with increased uterine vascular resistance and elevated blood pressure both in women and female sheep. A previous study demonstrated a causal role of microRNA‐210 (miR‐210) in gestational hypoxia‐induced suppression of Ca2+ sparks/spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in ovine uterine arteries, but the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. We tested the hypothesis that miR‐210 perturbs mitochondrial metabolism and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) that confer hypoxia‐induced suppression of STOCs in uterine arteries. Experimental Approach Resistance‐sized uterine arteries were isolated from near‐term pregnant sheep and were treated ex vivo in normoxia and hypoxia (10.5% O2) for 48 h. Key Results Hypoxia increased mtROS and suppressed mitochondrial respiration in uterine arteries, which were also produced by miR‐210 mimic to normoxic arteries and blocked by antagomir miR‐210‐LNA in hypoxic arteries. Hypoxia or miR‐210 mimic inhibited Ca2+ sparks/STOCs and increased uterine arterial myogenic tone, which were inhibited by the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant MitoQ. Hypoxia and miR‐210 down‐regulated iron–sulfur cluster scaffold protein (ISCU) in uterine arteries and knockdown of ISCU via siRNAs suppressed mitochondrial respiration, increased mtROS, and inhibited STOCs. In addition, blockade of mitochondrial electron transport chain with antimycin and rotenone inhibited large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels, decreased STOCs and increased uterine arterial myogenic tone. Conclusion and Implications This study demonstrates a novel mechanistic role for the miR‐210‐ISCU‐mtROS axis in inhibiting Ca2+ sparks/STOCs in the maladaptation of uterine arteries and provides new insights into the understanding of mitochondrial perturbations in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications resulted from hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qun Hu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Monica Romero
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Rucha Juarez
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jenna Hanson
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sean M Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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28
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Angom RS, Kulkarni T, Wang E, Kumar Dutta S, Bhattacharya S, Das P, Mukhopadhyay D. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Modulates Hypoxia-Mediated Endothelial Senescence and Cellular Membrane Stiffness via YAP-1 Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903047. [PMID: 35846360 PMCID: PMC9283904 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction has been implicated as potential initiators of different pathogenesis, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. However, in-depth structural, mechanical, and molecular mechanisms leading to EC dysfunction and pathology need to be revealed. Here, we show that ECs exposed to hypoxic conditions readily enter a senescence phenotype. As expected, hypoxia upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFs) and its receptors (VEGFRs) in the ECs. Interestingly, Knockdown of VEGFR-1 expression prior to hypoxia exposure prevented EC senescence, suggesting an important role of VEGFR-1 expression in the induction of EC senescence. Using atomic force microscopy, we showed that senescent ECs had a flattened cell morphology, decreased membrane ruffling, and increased membrane stiffness, demonstrating unique morphological and nanomechanical signatures. Furthermore, we show that hypoxia inhibited the Hippo pathway Yes-associated protein (YAP-1) expression and knockdown of YAP-1 induced senescence in the ECs, supporting a key role of YAP-1 expression in the induction of EC senescence. And importantly, VEGFR-1 Knockdown in the ECs modulated YAP-1 expression, suggesting a novel VEGFR-1-YAP-1 axis in the induction of hypoxia-mediated EC senescence. In conclusion, VEGFR-1 is overexpressed in ECs undergoing hypoxia-mediated senescence, and the knockdown of VEGFR-1 restores cellular structural and nanomechanical integrity by recovering YAP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanmay Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Shamit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Pritam Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Debabrata Mukhopadhyay,
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29
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Barmaki S, Al-Samadi A, Leskinen K, Wahbi W, Jokinen V, Vuoristo S, Salo T, Kere J, Wedenoja S, Saavalainen P. Transcriptomic Profiling of JEG-3 cells using human leiomyoma derived matrix. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 7:100056. [PMID: 36824489 PMCID: PMC9934486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen tension varies during placental and fetal development. Although hypoxia drives early trophoblast invasion, low placental oxygen levels during pregnancy show association with pregnancy complications including fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. JEG-3 cells are often used as a trophoblast model. We studied transcriptional changes of JEG-3 cells on a uterine leiomyoma derived matrix Myogel. This might be the closest condition to the real uterine environment that we can get for an in vitro model. We observed that culturing JEG-3 cells on the leiomyoma matrix leads to strong stimulation of ribosomal pathways, energy metabolism, and ATP production. Furthermore, Myogel improved JEG-3 cell adherence in comparison to tissue culture treated plastic. We also included PDMS microchip hypoxia creation, and observed changes in oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen related genes and several hypoxia genes. Our study highlights the effects of Myogel matrix on growing JEG-3 cells, especially on mitochondria, energy metabolism, and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samineh Barmaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland,Corresponding author.
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Leskinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, and Department of Clinical and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Wafa Wahbi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Ville Jokinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Sanna Vuoristo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14183, Sweden,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki 00290, Finland,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Satu Wedenoja
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, and Department of Clinical and Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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30
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Primary Human Trophoblasts Mimic the Preeclampsia Phenotype after Acute Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Insult. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121898. [PMID: 35741027 PMCID: PMC9221019 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder that affects 3 to 5% of pregnancies worldwide and is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, how these events occur remains unclear. We hypothesized that the induction of hypoxic conditions in vitro in primary human trophoblast cells would mimic several characteristics of PE found in vivo. We applied and characterized a model of primary cytotrophoblasts isolated from healthy pregnancies that were placed under different oxygen concentrations: ambient O2 (5% pCO2, 21%pO2, 24 h, termed “normoxia”), low O2 concentration (5% pCO2, 1.5% pO2, 24 h, termed “hypoxia”), or “hypoxia/reoxygenation” (H/R: 6 h intervals of normoxia and hypoxia for 24 h). Various established preeclamptic markers were assessed in this cell model and compared to placental tissues obtained from PE pregnancies. Seventeen PE markers were analyzed by qPCR, and the protein secretion of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlT-1) and the placenta growth factor (PlGF) was determined by ELISA. Thirteen of seventeen genes associated with angiogenesis, the renin–angiotensin system, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the inflammasome complex were susceptible to H/R and hypoxia, mimicking the expression pattern of PE tissue. In cell culture supernatants, the secretion of sFlT-1 was increased in hypoxia, while PlGF release was significantly reduced in H/R and hypoxia. In the supernatants of our cell models, the sFlT-1/PlGF ratio in hypoxia and H/R was higher than 38, which is a strong indicator for PE in clinical practice. These results suggest that our cellular models reflect important pathological processes occurring in PE and are therefore suitable as PE in vitro models.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Preeclampsia complicates 5-10% of all pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The placenta plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcome by supplying the fetus with oxygen and nutrients and by synthesizing hormones. Placental function is highly dependent on energy supplied by mitochondria. It is well-known that preeclampsia is originated from placental dysfunction, although the etiology of it remains elusive. RECENT FINDINGS During the last three decades, substantial evidence suggests that mitochondrial abnormality is a major contributor to placental dysfunction. In addition, mitochondrial damage caused by circulating bioactive factors released from the placenta may cause endothelial dysfunction and subsequent elevation in maternal blood pressure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of mitochondrial abnormality in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and discuss therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria for treatment of preeclampsia.
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32
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Zou Z, Harris LK, Forbes K, Heazell AEP. Placental expression of Estrogen related receptor gamma (ESRRG) is reduced in FGR pregnancies and is mediated by hypoxia. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:846-857. [PMID: 35594451 PMCID: PMC9476228 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) describes a fetus which has not achieved its genetic growth potential; it is closely linked to placental dysfunction and uteroplacental hypoxia. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG) is regulated by hypoxia and is highly expressed in the placenta. We hypothesized ESRRG is a regulator of hypoxia-mediated placental dysfunction in FGR pregnancies. Placentas were collected from women delivering appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 14) or FGR (n = 14) infants. Placental explants (n = 15) from uncomplicated pregnancies were cultured for up to 4 days in 21% or 1% O2, or with 200 μM cobalt chloride (CoCl2), or treated with the ESRRG agonists DY131 under different oxygen concentrations. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunochemistry were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of ESRRG and its localization in placental tissue from FGR or AGA pregnancies, and in cultured placental explants. ESRRG mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in FGR placentas, as was mRNA expression of the downstream targets of ESRRG, hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2), and cytochrome P-450 (CYP19A1.1). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha protein localized to the nuclei of the cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells in the explants exposed to CoCl2 or 1% O2. Both hypoxia and CoCl2 treatment decreased ESRRG and its downstream genes’ mRNA expression, but not ESRRG protein expression. DY131 increased the expression of ESRRG signaling pathways and prevented abnormal cell turnover induced by hypoxia. These data show that placental ESRRG is hypoxia-sensitive and altered ESRRG-mediated signaling may contribute to hypoxia-induced placental dysfunction in FGR. Furthermore, DY131 could be used as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zou
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL.,St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL.,St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL.,St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL.,St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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33
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Cheng S, Huang Z, Jash S, Wu K, Saito S, Nakashima A, Sharma S. Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Impairs Autophagy-Lysosomal Machinery in Primary Human Trophoblasts Mimicking Placental Pathology of Early-Onset Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5644. [PMID: 35628454 PMCID: PMC9147570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described that placental activation of autophagy is a central feature of normal pregnancy, whereas autophagy is impaired in preeclampsia (PE). Here, we show that hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) treatment dysregulates key molecules that maintain autophagy-lysosomal flux in primary human trophoblasts (PHTs). Ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy reveals a significant reduction in autophagosomes and autolysosomes in H/R-exposed PHTs. H/R-induced accumulation of protein aggregates follows a similar pattern that occurs in PHTs treated with a lysosomal disruptor, chloroquine. Importantly, the placenta from early-onset PE deliveries exhibits the same features as seen in H/R-treated PHTs. Taken together, our results indicate that H/R disrupts autophagic machinery in PHTs and that impaired autophagy in the placenta from early-onset PE deliveries mimics the events in H/R-treated PHTs. Notably, assessment of key regulators at each stage of autophagic processes, especially lysosomal integrity, and verification of autophagic ultrastructure are essential for an accurate evaluation of autophagy activity in human trophoblasts and placental tissue from PE deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (Z.H.); (S.J.); (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Zheping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (Z.H.); (S.J.); (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukanta Jash
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (Z.H.); (S.J.); (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Kathleen Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (Z.H.); (S.J.); (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 30-0194, Japan; (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Akitoshi Nakashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 30-0194, Japan; (S.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (Z.H.); (S.J.); (K.W.); (S.S.)
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34
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Ma J, Zhan Z, Li N, Huang Y, Li Y, Liu L, Shen Q, Chu Q, Wang X, Wu B, Zhang H. Preliminary Interpretations of Epigenetic Profiling of Cord Blood in Preeclampsia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:888. [PMID: 35627272 PMCID: PMC9141867 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy and results in high maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. It has been reported that PE is associated with abnormalities in the umbilical cord and cord blood. However, previous studies were focused primarily on the transcriptomics level, while the underlying gene regulatory landscapes are still unclear. Thus, we performed the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) using the umbilical cord blood samples collected from a patient with superimposed PE and three healthy donors to uncover the chromatin accessibility changes attributed to PE. We have identified genes associated with immunomodulation and hypoxia response that have higher chromatin accessibility close to their transcription start sites. Motif analysis indicated that the GATA family transcription factor binding was enriched in PE and may play an essential regulatory role in the disease progression. Overall, our findings provide an overview of gene regulatory programs and the corresponding downstream pathways associated with PE that may influence the placenta function and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Ma
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.M.); (Q.C.); (X.W.)
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhongqun Zhan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518106, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Ning Li
- Cytotherapy Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People’s Hospital) Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China;
| | - Yanli Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518106, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518106, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518106, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Qi Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518106, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qiao Chu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.M.); (Q.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.M.); (Q.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Benqing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518106, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.S.)
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Guangming Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518106, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.S.)
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35
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Sáez MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, Torres-Carranza D, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, Bravo C, Guijarro LG, De León-Luis JA. The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030568. [PMID: 35159377 PMCID: PMC8833914 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a central structure in pregnancy and has pleiotropic functions. This organ grows incredibly rapidly during this period, acting as a mastermind behind different fetal and maternal processes. The relevance of the placenta extends far beyond the pregnancy, being crucial for fetal programming before birth. Having integrative knowledge of this maternofetal structure helps significantly in understanding the development of pregnancy either in a proper or pathophysiological context. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the main features of the placenta, with a special focus on its early development, cytoarchitecture, immunology, and functions in non-pathological conditions. In contraposition, the role of the placenta is examined in preeclampsia, a worrisome hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, in order to describe the pathophysiological implications of the placenta in this disease. Likewise, dysfunction of the placenta in fetal growth restriction, a major consequence of preeclampsia, is also discussed, emphasizing the potential clinical strategies derived. Finally, the emerging role of the placenta in maternal chronic venous disease either as a causative agent or as a consequence of the disease is equally treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-885-4540; Fax: +34-91-885-4885
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Sáez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH, 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Diego Torres-Carranza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.B.); (J.A.D.L.-L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. De León-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.B.); (J.A.D.L.-L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
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36
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Xu Y, Wu D, Hui B, Shu L, Tang X, Wang C, Xie J, Yin Y, Sagnelli M, Yang N, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Sun L. A novel regulatory mechanism network mediated by lncRNA TUG1 that induces the impairment of spiral artery remodeling in Preeclampsia. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1692-1705. [PMID: 35124178 PMCID: PMC9077368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with maternal and fetal perinatal morbidity and mortality, which brings tremendous suffering and imposes an economic burden worldwide. The failure of uterine spiral artery remodeling may be related to the abnormal function of trophoblasts and lead to the occurrence and progression of PE. Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is involved in the failure of uterine spiral artery remodeling. However, the regulation of lncRNA expression in PE is poorly characterized. Here, we reported that hypoxia-induced microRNA (miR)-218 inhibited the expression of lncRNA TUG1 by targeting FOXP1. Further RNA sequencing and mechanism analysis revealed that silencing of TUG1 increased the expression of DNA demethylase TET3 and proliferation-related DUSP family, including DUSP2, DUSP4, and DUSP5, via binding to SUV39H1 in the nucleus. Moreover, TUG1 modulated the DUSP family in vitro through a TET3-mediated epigenetic mechanism. Taken together, our results unmask a new regulatory network mediated by TUG1 as an essential determinant of the pathogenesis of PE, which regulates cell growth and possibly the occurrence and development of other diseases.
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37
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Imbalances in circulating angiogenic factors in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and related disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S1019-S1034. [PMID: 33096092 PMCID: PMC8884164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a devastating medical complication of pregnancy that can lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is currently believed that there is abnormal placentation in as early as the first trimester in women destined to develop preeclampsia. Although the etiology of the abnormal placentation is being debated, numerous epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that imbalances in circulating angiogenic factors released from the placenta are responsible for the maternal signs and symptoms of preeclampsia. In particular, circulating levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, an antiangiogenic factor, are markedly increased in women with preeclampsia, whereas free levels of its ligand, placental, growth factor are markedly diminished. Alterations in these angiogenic factors precede the onset of clinical signs of preeclampsia and correlate with disease severity. Recently, the availability of automated assays for the measurement of angiogenic biomarkers in the plasma, serum, and urine has helped investigators worldwide to demonstrate a key role for these factors in the clinical diagnosis and prediction of preeclampsia. Numerous studies have reported that circulating angiogenic biomarkers have a very high negative predictive value to rule out clinical disease among women with suspected preeclampsia. These blood-based biomarkers have provided a valuable tool to clinicians to accelerate the time to clinical diagnosis and minimize maternal adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia. Angiogenic biomarkers have also been useful to elucidate the pathogenesis of related disorders of abnormal placentation such as intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, and fetal hydrops. In summary, the discovery and characterization of angiogenic proteins of placental origin have provided clinicians a noninvasive blood-based tool to monitor placental function and health and for early detection of disorders of placentation. Uncovering the mechanisms of altered angiogenic factors in preeclampsia and related disorders of placentation may provide insights into novel preventive and therapeutic options.
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Dichotomy in hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission in placental mesenchymal cells during development and preeclampsia: consequences for trophoblast mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:191. [PMID: 35220394 PMCID: PMC8882188 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDynamic changes in physiologic oxygen are required for proper placenta development; yet, when low-oxygen levels persist, placental development is halted, culminating in preeclampsia (PE), a serious complication of pregnancy. Considering mitochondria’s function is intimately linked to oxygen changes, we investigated the impact of oxygen on mitochondrial dynamics in placental mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) that are vital for proper placental development. Transmission electron microscopy, proximity ligation assays for mitochondrial VDAC1 and endoplasmic reticulum IP3R, and immunoanalyses of p-DRP1 and OPA1, demonstrate that low-oxygen conditions in early 1st trimester and PE promote mitochondrial fission in pMSCs. Increased mitochondrial fission of mesenchymal cells was confirmed in whole PE placental tissue sections. Inhibition of DRP1 oligomerization with MDiVi-1 shows that low oxygen-induced mitochondrial fission is a direct consequence of DRP1 activation, likely via HIF1. Mitophagy, a downstream event prompted by mitochondrial fission, is a prominent outcome in PE, but not 1st trimester pMSCs. We also investigated whether mesenchymal–epithelial interactions affect mitochondrial dynamics of trophoblasts in PE placentae. Exposure of trophoblastic JEG3 cells to exosomes of preeclamptic pMSCs caused heightened mitochondrial fission in the cells via a sphingomyelin-dependent mechanism that was restored by MDiVi-1. Our data uncovered dichotomous regulation of mitochondrial fission and health in human placental mesenchymal cells under physiologic and pathologic hypoxic conditions and its impact on neighboring trophoblast cells.
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Wang C, Yang C, Wang X, Zhou G, Chen C, Han G. ceRNA Network and Functional Enrichment Analysis of Preeclampsia by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5052354. [PMID: 35035521 PMCID: PMC8759911 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5052354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic syndrome which has short- and long-term risk to mothers and children and has pluralistic etiology. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at constructing a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network for pathways most related to PE using a data mining strategy based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). METHODS We focused on pathways involving hypoxia, angiogenesis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition according to the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) scores. The gene sets of these three pathways were enriched by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). WGCNA was used to study the underlying molecular mechanisms of the three pathways in the pathogenesis of PE by analyzing the relationship among pathways and genes. The soft threshold power (β) and topological overlap matrix allowed us to obtain 15 modules, among which the red module was chosen for the downstream analysis. We chose 10 hub genes that satisfied ∣log2Fold Change | >2 and had a higher degree of connectivity within the module. These candidate genes were subsequently confirmed to have higher gene significance and module membership in the red module. Coexpression networks were established for the hub genes to unfold the connection between the genes in the red module and PE. Finally, ceRNA networks were constructed to further clarify the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the occurrence of PE. 56 circRNAs, 17 lncRNAs, and 20 miRNAs participated in the regulation of the hub genes. Coagulation factor II thrombin receptor (F2R) and lumican (LUM) were considered the most relevant genes, and ceRNA networks of them were constructed. CONCLUSION The microarray data mining process based on bioinformatics methods constructed lncRNA and miRNA networks for ten hub genes that were closely related to PE and focused on ceRNAs of F2R and LUM finally. The results of our study may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying PE occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Wang
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Chaofan Yang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guanlun Zhou
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Chao Chen
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Guorong Han
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210003, China
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40
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Erlandsson L, Masoumi Z, Hansson LR, Hansson SR. The roles of free iron, heme, haemoglobin, and the scavenger proteins haemopexin and alpha-1-microglobulin in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. J Intern Med 2021; 290:952-968. [PMID: 34146434 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex pregnancy syndrome characterised by maternal hypertension and organ damage after 20 weeks of gestation and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Extracellular haemoglobin (Hb) and its metabolites heme and iron are highly toxic molecules and several defence mechanisms have evolved to protect the tissue. OBJECTIVES We will discuss the roles of free iron, heme, Hb, and the scavenger proteins haemopexin and alpha-1-microglobulin in pregnancies complicated by PE and fetal growth restriction (FGR). CONCLUSION In PE, oxidative stress causes syncytiotrophoblast (STB) stress and increased shedding of placental STB-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEV). The level in maternal circulation correlates with the severity of hypertension and supports the involvement of STBEVs in causing maternal symptoms in PE. In PE and FGR, iron homeostasis is changed, and iron levels significantly correlate with the severity of the disease. The normal increase in plasma volume taking place during pregnancy is less for PE and FGR and therefore have a different impact on, for example, iron concentration, compared to normal pregnancy. Excess iron promotes ferroptosis is suggested to play a role in trophoblast stress and lipotoxicity. Non-erythroid α-globin regulates vasodilation through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, and hypoxia-induced α-globin expression in STBs in PE placentas is suggested to contribute to hypertension in PE. Underlying placental pathology in PE with and without FGR might be amplified by iron and heme overload causing oxidative stress and ferroptosis. As the placenta becomes stressed, the release of STBEVs increases and affects the maternal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Erlandsson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lucas R Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
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41
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The Preeclamptic Environment Promotes the Activation of Transcription Factor Kappa B by P53/RSK1 Complex in a HTR8/SVneo Trophoblastic Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910200. [PMID: 34638542 PMCID: PMC8508006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder associated with shallow placentation, forcing placental cells to live in hypoxic conditions. This activates the transcription factor kappa B (NFκB) in maternal and placental cells. Although the role of NFκB in preeclampsia is well documented, its mechanism of activation in trophoblastic cells has been never studied. This study investigates the mechanism of NFκB activation in a first trimester trophoblastic cell line (HTR8/SVneo) stimulated by a medium containing serum from preeclamptic (PE) or normotensive (C) women in hypoxic (2% O2) or normoxic (8% O2) conditions. The results indicate that in HTR8/SVneo cells, the most widely studied NFκB pathways, i.e., canonical, non-canonical and atypical, are downregulated in environment PE 2% O2 in comparison to C 8% O2. Therefore, other pathways may be responsible for NFκB activation. One such pathway depends on the activation of NFκB by the p53/RSK1 complex through its phosphorylation at Serine 536 (pNFκB Ser536). The data generated by our study show that inhibition of the p53/RSK1 pathway by p53-targeted siRNA results in a depletion of pNFκB Ser536 in the nucleus, but only in cells incubated with PE serum at 2% O2. Thus, the p53/RSK1 complex might play a critical role in the activation of NFκB in trophoblastic cells and preeclamptic placentas.
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42
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Banerjee S, Huang Z, Wang Z, Nakashima A, Saito S, Sharma S, Cheng S. Etiological Value of Sterile Inflammation in Preeclampsia: Is It a Non-Infectious Pregnancy Complication? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:694298. [PMID: 34485175 PMCID: PMC8415471 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.694298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of sterile inflammation and its associated biological triggers and diseases is still at the elementary stage. This becomes more warranted in cases where infections are not associated with the pathology. Detrimental effects of bacterial and viral infections on the immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface as well as pregnancy outcomes have been well documented. However, an infection-induced etiology is not thought to be a major contributing component to severe pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes. How is then an inflammatory signal thought to be associated with these pregnancy complications? It is not clear what type of inflammation is involved in the onset of PE-like features. We opine that sterile inflammation regulated by the inflammasome-gasdermins-caspase-1 axis is a contributory factor to the onset of PE. We hypothesize that increased production and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or Alarmins such as high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1), cell-free fetal DNA, uric acid, the NOD-like receptor pyrin-containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, IL-1β and IL-18 occur in the PE placenta. Some of these molecules have already been observed in the placenta from women with PE. Mechanistically, emerging evidence has demonstrated that excessive placental endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, impaired autophagy and gasdermine D (GSDMD)-mediated intrinsic pyroptosis are key events that contribute to systemic sterile inflammation in patients with PE, especially early-onset PE (e-PE). In this review, we highlight the advances on the roles of sterile inflammation and inflammatory signaling cascades involving ER stress, autophagy deficiency and pyroptosis in PE pathophysiology. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying these inflammatory pathways may provide potential diagnostic biomarkers and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies to treat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zheping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zhengke Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Akitoshi Nakashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shibin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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43
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Hu X, Zhang L. Uteroplacental Circulation in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia: Functional Adaptation and Maladaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8622. [PMID: 34445328 PMCID: PMC8395300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uteroplacental blood flow increases as pregnancy advances. Adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen carried by uteroplacental blood flow is essential for the well-being of the mother and growth/development of the fetus. The uteroplacental hemodynamic change is accomplished primarily through uterine vascular adaptation, involving hormonal regulation of myogenic tone, vasoreactivity, release of vasoactive factors and others, in addition to the remodeling of spiral arteries. In preeclampsia, hormonal and angiogenic imbalance, proinflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies cause dysfunction of both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells of the uteroplacental vasculature. Consequently, the vascular dysfunction leads to increased vascular resistance and reduced blood flow in the uteroplacental circulation. In this article, the (mal)adaptation of uteroplacental vascular function in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia and underlying mechanisms are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Hu
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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44
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Wilsterman K, Cheviron ZA. Fetal growth, high altitude, and evolutionary adaptation: a new perspective. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R279-R294. [PMID: 34259046 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00067.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Residence at high altitude is consistently associated with low birthweight among placental mammals. This reduction in birthweight influences long-term health trajectories for both the offspring and mother. However, the physiological processes that contribute to fetal growth restriction at altitude are still poorly understood, and thus our ability to safely intervene remains limited. One approach to identify the factors that mitigate altitude-dependent fetal growth restriction is to study populations that are protected from fetal growth restriction through evolutionary adaptations (e.g., high altitude-adapted populations). Here, we examine human gestational physiology at high altitude from a novel evolutionary perspective that focuses on patterns of physiological plasticity, allowing us to identify 1) the contribution of specific physiological systems to fetal growth restriction and 2) the mechanisms that confer protection in highland-adapted populations. Using this perspective, our review highlights two general findings: first, that the beneficial value of plasticity in maternal physiology is often dependent on factors more proximate to the fetus; and second, that our ability to understand the contributions of these proximate factors is currently limited by thin data from altitude-adapted populations. Expanding the comparative scope of studies on gestational physiology at high altitude and integrating studies of both maternal and fetal physiology are needed to clarify the mechanisms by which physiological responses to altitude contribute to fetal growth outcomes. The relevance of these questions to clinical, agricultural, and basic research combined with the breadth of the unknown highlight gestational physiology at high altitude as an exciting niche for continued work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wilsterman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Zachary A Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
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45
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Waker CA, Kaufman MR, Brown TL. Current State of Preeclampsia Mouse Models: Approaches, Relevance, and Standardization. Front Physiol 2021; 12:681632. [PMID: 34276401 PMCID: PMC8284253 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.681632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic, pregnancy-specific disorder and a leading cause of maternal and fetal death. PE is also associated with an increased risk for chronic morbidities later in life for mother and offspring. Abnormal placentation or placental function has been well-established as central to the genesis of PE; yet much remains to be determined about the factors involved in the development of this condition. Despite decades of investigation and many clinical trials, the only definitive treatment is parturition. To better understand the condition and identify potential targets preclinically, many approaches to simulate PE in mice have been developed and include mixed mouse strain crosses, genetic overexpression and knockout, exogenous agent administration, surgical manipulation, systemic adenoviral infection, and trophoblast-specific gene transfer. These models have been useful to investigate how biological perturbations identified in human PE are involved in the generation of PE-like symptoms and have improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the human condition. However, these approaches were characterized by a wide variety of physiological endpoints, which can make it difficult to compare effects across models and many of these approaches have aspects that lack physiological relevance to this human disorder and may interfere with therapeutic development. This report provides a comprehensive review of mouse models that exhibit PE-like symptoms and a proposed standardization of physiological characteristics for analysis in murine models of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Waker
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Melissa R Kaufman
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Thomas L Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
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46
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Wang YX, Ding YB. The interplay between thyroid hormones and the placenta: a comprehensive review†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:8-17. [PMID: 31494673 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate a number of metabolic processes during pregnancy. After implantation, the placenta forms and enhances embryonic growth and development. Dysregulated maternal THs signaling has been observed in malplacentation-mediated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but the molecular mechanisms involved in this association have not been fully characterized. In this review, we have discussed THs signaling and its roles in trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the decidua, and decidual angiogenesis. We have also explored the relationship between specific pregnancy complications and placental THs transporters, deiodinases, and THs receptors. In addition, we have examined the effects of specific endocrine disruptors on placental THs signaling. The available evidence indicates that THs signaling is involved in the formation and functioning of the placenta and serves as the basis for understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dysthyroidism-associated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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47
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Alahari S, Farrell A, Ermini L, Park C, Sallais J, Roberts S, Gillmore T, Litvack M, Post M, Caniggia I. JMJD6 Dysfunction Due to Iron Deficiency in Preeclampsia Disrupts Fibronectin Homeostasis Resulting in Diminished Trophoblast Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652607. [PMID: 34055782 PMCID: PMC8149756 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms contributing to excessive fibronectin in preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related disorder, remain unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of JMJD6, an O2- and Fe2+-dependent enzyme, in mediating placental fibronectin processing and function. MALDI-TOF identified fibronectin as a novel target of JMJD6-mediated lysyl hydroxylation, preceding fibronectin glycosylation, deposition, and degradation. In preeclamptic placentae, fibronectin accumulated primarily in lysosomes of the mesenchyme. Using primary placental mesenchymal cells (pMSCs), we found that fibronectin fibril formation and turnover were markedly impeded in preeclamptic pMSCs, partly due to impaired lysosomal degradation. JMJD6 knockdown in control pMSCs recapitulated the preeclamptic FN phenotype. Importantly, preeclamptic pMSCs had less total and labile Fe2+ and Hinokitiol treatment rescued fibronectin assembly and promoted lysosomal degradation. Time-lapse imaging demonstrated that defective ECM deposition by preeclamptic pMSCs impeded HTR-8/SVneo cell migration, which was rescued upon Hinokitiol exposure. Our findings reveal new Fe2+-dependent mechanisms controlling fibronectin homeostasis/function in the placenta that go awry in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Alahari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abby Farrell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chanho Park
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julien Sallais
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Roberts
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Gillmore
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Litvack
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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48
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Lee DK, Nevo O. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression is increased in maternal microvascular endothelial cells in preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2021; 40:193-201. [PMID: 33979559 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2021.1921794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the expression and effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in maternal endothelial cells in preeclampsia (PE).Methods: Expression levels in primary microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) isolated from patients with severe preeclampsia (PE) and normal pregnancies were determined by RT-qPCR with or without treatment of TNFα and inhibitors for downstream signaling.Results: PE MVEC exhibited increased basal TNFα expression. TNFα treatment increased TNFα, VCAM, and endocan expression in MVEC.Conclusion: TNFα expression is increased in PE MVEC and the treatment of these cells with exogenous TNFα modifies their gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori Nevo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Siragher E, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Placental hypoxia: What have we learnt from small animal models? Placenta 2021; 113:29-47. [PMID: 34074553 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine hypoxia is a feature of pregnancy complications, both at high altitude and sea level. To understand the placental response to reduced oxygen availability, small animal models of maternal inhalation hypoxia (MIH) or reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) may be utilised. The aim of this review was to compare the findings of those studies to identify the role of oxygen availability in adapting placental structural and functional phenotypes in relation to fetal outcome. It also sought to explore the evidence for the involvement of particular genes and protein signalling pathways in the placenta in mediating hypoxia driven alterations. The data available demonstrate that both MIH and RUPP can induce placental hypoxia, which affects placental structure and vascularity, as well as glucose, amino acid, calcium and possibly lipid transport capacity. In addition, changes have been observed in HIF, VEGF, insulin/IGF2, AMPK, mTOR, PI3K and PPARγ signalling, which may be key in linking together observed phenotypes under conditions of placental hypoxia. Many different manipulations have been examined, with varied outcomes depending on the intensity, timing and duration of the insult. Some manipulations have detrimental effects on placental phenotype, viability and fetal growth, whereas in others, the placenta appears to adapt to uphold fetal growth despite the challenge of low oxygen. Together these data suggest a complex response of the placenta to reduced oxygen availability, which links to changes in fetal outcomes. However, further work is required to explore the role of fetal sex, altered maternal physiology and placental molecular mechanisms to fully understand placental responses to hypoxia and their relevance for pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Siragher
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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50
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Kajiwara K, Beharier O, Chng CP, Goff JP, Ouyang Y, St Croix CM, Huang C, Kagan VE, Hsia KJ, Sadovsky Y. Ferroptosis induces membrane blebbing in placental trophoblasts. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:jcs.255737. [PMID: 33414166 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated, non-apoptotic form of cell death, characterized by hydroxy-peroxidation of discrete phospholipid hydroperoxides, particularly hydroperoxyl (Hp) forms of arachidonoyl- and adrenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, with a downstream cascade of oxidative damage to membrane lipids, proteins and DNA, culminating in cell death. We recently showed that human trophoblasts are particularly sensitive to ferroptosis caused by depletion or inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) or the lipase PLA2G6. Here, we show that trophoblastic ferroptosis is accompanied by a dramatic change in the trophoblast plasma membrane, with macro-blebbing and vesiculation. Immunofluorescence revealed that ferroptotic cell-derived blebs stained positive for F-actin, but negative for cytoplasmic organelle markers. Transfer of conditioned medium that contained detached macrovesicles or co-culture of wild-type target cells with blebbing cells did not stimulate ferroptosis in target cells. Molecular modeling showed that the presence of Hp-phosphatidylethanolamine in the cell membrane promoted its cell ability to be stretched. Together, our data establish that membrane macro-blebbing is characteristic of trophoblast ferroptosis and can serve as a useful marker of this process. Whether or not these blebs are physiologically functional remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kajiwara
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan105-8461
| | - Ofer Beharier
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Choon-Peng Chng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Julie P Goff
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Changjin Huang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - K Jimmy Hsia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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