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Larrea-Sebal A, Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-Garcia U, Jose-Urteaga AS, Uribe KB, Benito-Vicente A, Martín C. Predictive Modeling and Structure Analysis of Genetic Variants in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Implications for Diagnosis and Protein Interaction Studies. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:839-859. [PMID: 37847331 PMCID: PMC10618353 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a hereditary condition characterized by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease if left untreated. This review aims to discuss the role of bioinformatics tools in evaluating the pathogenicity of missense variants associated with FH. Specifically, it highlights the use of predictive models based on protein sequence, structure, evolutionary conservation, and other relevant features in identifying genetic variants within LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes that contribute to FH. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, various bioinformatics tools have emerged as valuable resources for analyzing missense variants in FH-related genes. Tools such as REVEL, Varity, and CADD use diverse computational approaches to predict the impact of genetic variants on protein function. These tools consider factors such as sequence conservation, structural alterations, and receptor binding to aid in interpreting the pathogenicity of identified missense variants. While these predictive models offer valuable insights, the accuracy of predictions can vary, especially for proteins with unique characteristics that might not be well represented in the databases used for training. This review emphasizes the significance of utilizing bioinformatics tools for assessing the pathogenicity of FH-associated missense variants. Despite their contributions, a definitive diagnosis of a genetic variant necessitates functional validation through in vitro characterization or cascade screening. This step ensures the precise identification of FH-related variants, leading to more accurate diagnoses. Integrating genetic data with reliable bioinformatics predictions and functional validation can enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of FH, enabling improved diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized treatment for affected individuals. The comprehensive approach outlined in this review promises to advance the management of this inherited disorder, potentially leading to better health outcomes for those affected by FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Larrea-Sebal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Unai Galicia-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ane San Jose-Urteaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kepa B Uribe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - César Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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The genetics of monogenic intestinal epithelial disorders. Hum Genet 2022; 142:613-654. [PMID: 36422736 PMCID: PMC10182130 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic intestinal epithelial disorders, also known as congenital diarrheas and enteropathies (CoDEs), are a group of rare diseases that result from mutations in genes that primarily affect intestinal epithelial cell function. Patients with CoDE disorders generally present with infantile-onset diarrhea and poor growth, and often require intensive fluid and nutritional management. CoDE disorders can be classified into several categories that relate to broad areas of epithelial function, structure, and development. The advent of accessible and low-cost genetic sequencing has accelerated discovery in the field with over 45 different genes now associated with CoDE disorders. Despite this increasing knowledge in the causal genetics of disease, the underlying cellular pathophysiology remains incompletely understood for many disorders. Consequently, clinical management options for CoDE disorders are currently limited and there is an urgent need for new and disorder-specific therapies. In this review, we provide a general overview of CoDE disorders, including a historical perspective of the field and relationship to other monogenic disorders of the intestine. We describe the genetics, clinical presentation, and known pathophysiology for specific disorders. Lastly, we describe the major challenges relating to CoDE disorders, briefly outline key areas that need further study, and provide a perspective on the future genetic and therapeutic landscape.
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Colima Fausto AG, Topete J, González García JR, Hernández Flores TDJ, Rodríguez Preciado SY, Magaña Torres MT. Effect of APOB gene polymorphisms on body mass index, blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels: A cross-sectional study in Mexican population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30457. [PMID: 36197256 PMCID: PMC9509198 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
APOB gene polymorphisms are considered risk factors for the development of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in several populations. In Mexico, these pathologies are frequent and studies regarding this gene are scarce. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determined genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies of APOB polymorphisms and performed analyses of association among the biochemical, hemodynamic, anthropometrical, and genetic variables. Blood samples were taken from 361 subjects from unselected Mexican population for biochemical analysis and for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction; besides blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured. APOB polymorphisms rs934197, rs533617, rs693, and rs1042031 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism; whereas, rs17240441 and c.66_67insCTGCTG were genotyped by PCR followed by electrophoresis. Genotype and allele frequencies were obtained by simple counting and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were calculated by chi-square test. The effect of the polymorphisms on the quantitative variables was determined using analysis of variance, Student's t test, Pearson's and Spearman's correlations and multiple linear regression models. All the polymorphisms were within HWE. Frequencies of mutated alleles were highly heterogeneous: rs934197-T 33.6%, rs17240441-D 39.3%, c.66_67insCTGCTG-I 3.9%, rs533617-G 0.9%, rs693-T 40.5%, and rs1042031-G 17.3%. Chronic degenerative diseases were frequent in the studied population: overweight-obesity 55.1%, dyslipidemia 45.8%, and hypertension 23.5%. The association analyses showed that despite adjustments for age and sex the mutated alleles rs934197-T, rs1042031G, c.66_67-insCTGCTG-I, and rs533617-G, were related to lower values of BMI, total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. All polymorphisms analyzed except rs533517 and c.66_67insCTGCTG showed high frequencies of the mutated allele, making them useful for association studies. Our results revealed that, APOB gene polymorphisms could be contributing to the development of several chronic diseases, such as essential hypertension, dyslipidemias, obesity, among others. However, specific studies with each pathology are needed to know the possible implications of the polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaqueline Topete
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del seguro social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Juan Ramón González García
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del seguro social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Teresita de Jesús Hernández Flores
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del seguro social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - María Teresa Magaña Torres
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del seguro social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- *Correspondence: María Teresa Magaña Torres, División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México (e-mail: )
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Macronutrient intake modulates impact of EcoRI polymorphism of ApoB gene on lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10504. [PMID: 35732646 PMCID: PMC9217912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to examine whether dietary intakes may affect the relationship between ApoB EcoRI and lipid profile, as well as serum inflammatory markers, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This current study consisted of 648 diabetic patients. Dietary intake was calculated by a food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical markers (high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, TG, CRP, IL-18, PGF2α) were measured based on standard protocols. Genotyping of the Apo-B polymorphisms (rs1042031) was conducted by the PCR–RFLP method. The gene-diet interactions were evaluated using GLMs. In comparison to GG homozygotes, A-allele carriers with above the median -CHO intake (≥ 54 percent of total energy) had considerably greater TC and PGF2a concentrations. Furthermore, as compared to GG homozygotes, A-allele carriers with above the median protein intake (≥ 14 percent of total energy) had higher serum levels of TG (P = 0.001), CRP (P = 0.02), TG/HDL (P = 0.005), and LDL/HDL (P = 0.04) ratios. Moreover, A-allele carriers with above the median total fat intake (≥ 35 percent of total calories) had significantly higher TC level (P = 0.04) and LDL/HDL (P = 0.04) ratios compared to GG homozygotes. Furthermore, when compared to GG homozygotes, A-allele carriers who consumed above the median cholesterol (> 196 mg) had greater TG (P = 0.04), TG/HDL (P = 0.01) ratio, and IL-18 (P = 0.02). Furthermore, diabetic patients with the GA, AA genotype who consume above the median cholesterol had lower ghrelin levels (P = 0.01). In terms of LDL/HDL ratio, ApoB EcoRI and dietary intakes of specific fatty acids (≥ 9 percent for SFA and ≥ 12 percent for MUFA) had significant interaction. LDL/HDL ratio is greater in A-allele carriers with above the median SFA intake (P = 0.04), also when they consumed above the median MUFA this association was inverse (P = 0.04). Our study showed that plasma lipid levels in participants carrying the (AA or AG) genotype were found to be more responsive to increasing the percentage of energy derived from dietary fat, CHO, protein, SFA, and cholesterol consumption. Therefore, patients with a higher genetic susceptibility (AA or AG) seemed to have greater metabolic markers with a higher percentage of macronutrient consumption. Also, ApoB EcoRI correlations with metabolic markers might be attenuated with above the median MUFA consumption.
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Gálvez AS, Ramírez H, Placencia P, Rojas C, Urzúa X, Kalergis AM, Salazar LA, Escobar-Vera J. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein E, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Are Associated With Serum Lipid Levels in Northern Chilean Subjects. A Pilot Study. Front Genet 2021; 12:640956. [PMID: 34616421 PMCID: PMC8488364 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.640956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of allelic variants is relevant to demonstrate associations among genetic background and susceptibility to develop cardiovascular diseases, which are the main cause of death in Chile. Association of APOB, APOE, and MTHFR polymorphisms with higher lipid levels and the risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases have been described. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess genotype distribution and relative allelic frequency of ApoB rs693, ApoE rs7412, ApoE rs429358, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1801133 allelic variants and their effects on lipid profile in young healthy men and women from Northern Chile. A group of 193 healthy subjects were enrolled for this study. Genotyping of rs693 (APOB), rs7412 and rs429358 (APOE), and rs1801131 and rs1801133 (MTHFR) polymorphisms were performed by real time PCR. In addition, lipid profiles were determined and associated to genetic data. The genotype distribution was APOB rs693 (CC = 37%, CT = 41%, and TT = 22%), APOE rs7412/rs429358 (E4 = 0.06, E3 = 0.91, and E2 = 0.03), MTHFR rs1801131 (AA = 57%, AC = 30%, and CC = 13%), and MTHFR rs1801133 (CC = 20%, CT = 47%, and TT = 33%). The association of the genetic variants with plasma lipid levels showed that women, but not men, carrying APOB mutated allele (T) and Apo E4 allele presented lower values of total cholesterol when compared with C/C homozygous genotype or E3 allele, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, a subgroup analysis revealed that ApoB C/C homozygous women exhibited higher values of HDL-C when compared with men carrying identical genotype (p < 0.01). On the other hand, women carrying E4 allele exhibited lower values of triglycerides when compared with male carrying identical genotype (p < 0.05). Finally, women carrying mutate allele (C) for MTHFR rs1801131 showed lower levels of triglycerides when compared with A/A homozygous genotype (p < 0.05) and lower levels of LDL-C for MTHFR rs1801133 in females carrying (T) allele when compared with males carrying identical genotype (p < 0.05). In summary, the present data showed that APOB, APOE, and MTHFR single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated to lipid levels in a gender-dependent manner among healthy subjects from Northern Chile, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Hugo Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Pablo Placencia
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ximena Urzúa
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Biología Molecular & Farmacogenética, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Escobar-Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Ribeiro H, Ferreira C, Brito C, Franca N, Nóbrega O, Ferreira A. The attenuation of postprandial lipemia by aerobic exercise depends on allelic variations of the Apolipoprotein B gene. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Coto E, Lorca R, Rodríguez-Reguero J, Martín M, Pascual I, Avanzas P, Cuesta-Llavona E, Vázquez-Coto D, Díaz-Corte C, Tranche S, Alonso B, Iglesias S, Morís C, Gómez J. The APOB polymorphism rs1801701 A/G (p.R3638Q) is an independent risk factor for early-onset coronary artery disease: Data from a Spanish cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1564-1568. [PMID: 33810965 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apoliprotein B (ApoB) has been associated with hypercholesterolemia and ischemic coronary disease. This study was aimed to determine the effect of two APOB gene variants in the risk of developing early-onset coronary artery disease (EO-CAD) in a Spanish population. The association of these polymorphisms with hypercholesterolemia was also analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS The study involved a total of 889 healthy population controls (397 male) and 790 EO-CAD cases (636 male; EO-CAD was defined as male <60 years and women <65 years). All the patients had at least one vessel with angiography documented atherosclerotic lesion. Patients and controls were genotyped for the APOB variants rs1801701 A/G (p.R3638Q) and rs1367117 C/T (p.T98I). Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups (patients vs. controls, hyper-vs. normo-cholesterolemia) by logistic regression. The rs1801701 was significantly associated with EO-CAD in male (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.05-1.99) and female (OR = 2.22, 95%CI = 1.58-3.14). This SNP was significantly associated with hypercholesterolemia in female, with a trend in male. The association with EO-CAD was independent of hypercholesterolemia (multiple logistic regression). CONCLUSION A common APOB polymorphism (rs1801701) was an independent risk factor for EO-CAD in our population. The risk-effect was more significant in female than in male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliecer Coto
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Lorca
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julián Rodríguez-Reguero
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isaac Pascual
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Avanzas
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elías Cuesta-Llavona
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Díaz-Corte
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain; Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Belén Alonso
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Iglesias
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - César Morís
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
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Yee J, Kim W, Chang BC, Chung JE, Lee KE, Gwak HS. APOB gene polymorphisms may affect the risk of minor or minimal bleeding complications in patients on warfarin maintaining therapeutic INR. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1542-1549. [PMID: 31186542 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of gene polymorphisms of APOB and APOE on risk of bleeding complications at therapeutic INR, during warfarin treatment in Korean patients with mechanical cardiac valves. The study included 142 patients from the EwhA-Severance Treatment Group (EAST) of Warfarin. A total of 12 SNPs was investigated. Five SNPs of APOB (c.13013G>A, c.1853C>T, c.1594C>T, c.293C>T, and c.7545C>T) and five SNPs of APOE (g.4798T>G, g.6406G>A, g.10413T>C, c.388T>C, and c.526C>T) were selected. In addition to selected SNPs, VKORC1 g.6399C>T, and CYP2C9 c.1075A>C, which were known to have significant effects on warfarin stable doses, were also included in the study. Two SNPs of APOB (c.293C>T and c.1853C>T) were associated with bleeding complications. T allele carriers of c.293C>T had 8.6 times (95% CI 2.9-25.5, p < 0.001) increased risk of bleeding, and attributable risk was 88.3%. C allele carriers of c.1853C>T had 6.4 times (95% CI 2.3-17.9, p < 0.001) increased risk of bleeding after adjusting for covariates (attributable risk of 84.3%). AUROC values of models that included c.1853C>T and c.293C>T were 0.771 and 0.802, respectively. Among demographic characteristics, age was the only significant factor. This study revealed that APOB was associated with bleeding complications in patients with warfarin treatment after mechanical cardiac valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Woorim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1, Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, 59, Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University Medical Center, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1, Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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Khlebus E, Kutsenko V, Meshkov A, Ershova A, Kiseleva A, Shevtsov A, Shcherbakova N, Zharikova A, Lankin V, Tikhaze A, Chazova I, Yarovaya E, Drapkina O, Boytsov S. Multiple rare and common variants in APOB gene locus associated with oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein levels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217620. [PMID: 31150472 PMCID: PMC6544350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) play an important role in the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. To identify the genetic factors influencing the oxLDL levels, we have genotyped 776 DNA samples of Russian individuals for 196,725 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the Cardio-MetaboChip (Illumina, USA) and conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS). Fourteen common variants in the locus including APOB gene were significantly associated with the oxLDL levels (P < 2.18 × 10−7). These variants explained only 6% of the variation in the oxLDL levels. Then, we assessed the contribution of rare coding variants of APOB gene to the oxLDL levels. Individuals with the extreme oxLDL levels (48 with the lowest and 48 with the highest values) were selected for targeted sequencing of the region including APOB gene. To evaluate the contribution of the SNPs to the oxLDL levels we used various statistical methods for the association analysis of rare variants: WST, SKAT, and SKAT-O. We revealed that both synonymous and nonsynonymous SNPs affected the oxLDL levels. For the joint analysis of the rare and common variants, we conducted the SKAT-C testing and found a group of 15 SNPs significantly associated with the oxLDL levels (P = 2.14 × 10−9). Our results indicate that the oxLDL levels depend on both common and rare variants of the APOB gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Khlebus
- Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Vladimir Kutsenko
- Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Meshkov
- Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Ershova
- Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kiseleva
- Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Natalia Shcherbakova
- Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Zharikova
- Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Lankin
- Federal State Budget Organization National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Tikhaze
- Federal State Budget Organization National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Chazova
- Federal State Budget Organization National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Oksana Drapkina
- Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Boytsov
- Federal State Budget Organization National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Buroker NE, Ning XH, Zhou ZN, Li K, Cen WJ, Wu XF, Zhu WZ, Scott CR, Chen SH. SNPs, linkage disequilibrium, and chronic mountain sickness in Tibetan Chinese. HYPOXIA 2017; 5:67-74. [PMID: 28770234 PMCID: PMC5529112 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s117967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is estimated at 1.2% in Tibetans living at the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine nuclear genes that have an association with CMS in Tibetans have been analyzed by using pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD). The SNPs included are the angiotensin-converting enzyme (rs4340), the angiotensinogen (rs699), and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) (rs5186) from the renin-angiotensin system. A low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B (rs693) SNP was also included. From the hypoxia-inducible factor oxygen signaling pathway, the endothetal Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein 1 (EPAS1) and the egl nine homolog 1 (ENGL1) (rs480902) SNPs were included in the study. SNPs from the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway included are the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 (rs4590656 and rs2291409), the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase 3 (rs1007311 and rs1799983), and the (VEGFA) (rs699947, rs34357231, rs79469752, rs13207351, rs28357093, rs1570360, rs2010963, and rs3025039). An increase in LD occurred in 40 pairwise comparisons, whereas a decrease in LD was found in 55 pairwise comparisons between the controls and CMS patients. These changes were found to occur within and between signaling pathways, which suggests that there is an interaction between SNP alleles from different areas of the genome that affect CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue-Han Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington.,Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhao-Nian Zhou
- Laboratory of Hypoxia Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Li
- Lhasa People Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet
| | | | - Xiu-Feng Wu
- Laboratory of Hypoxia Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Zhu
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Shi-Han Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington
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11
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Sandhu PK, Musaad SMA, Remaley AT, Buehler SS, Strider S, Derzon JH, Vesper HW, Ranne A, Shaw CS, Christenson RH. Lipoprotein Biomarkers and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP) Systematic Review. J Appl Lab Med 2016; 1:214-229. [PMID: 27840858 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists about the incremental utility of nontraditional lipid biomarkers [e.g., apolipoprotein (apo) B, apo A-I, and non-HDL-C] in improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction when added to a conventional model of traditional risk factors (e.g., total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, sex, age, smoking status, and blood pressure). Here we present a systematic review that was conducted to assess the use of nontraditional lipid biomarkers including apo B, apo A-I, apo B/A-I ratio, and non-HDL-C in improving CVD risk prediction after controlling for the traditional risk factors in populations at risk for cardiovascular events. CONTENT This systematic review used the Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP™) A-6 methods. A total of 9 relevant studies published before and including July 2015 comprised the evidence base for this review. Results from this systematic review indicated that after the adjustment for standard nonlipid and lipid CVD risk factors, nontraditional apolipoprotein biomarkers apo B (overall effect = relative risk: 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22-1.40; 4 studies) and apo B/apo A-I ratio (overall effect = relative risk: 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11-1.38; 7 studies) resulted in significant improvement in long-term CVD risk assessment. SUMMARY Available evidence showed that nontraditional lipid biomarkers apo B and apo B/apo I ratio can improve the risk prediction for cardiovascular events after controlling for the traditional risk factors for the populations at risk. However, because of insufficient evidence, no conclusions could be made for the effectiveness of apo A-I and non-HDL-C lipid markers to predict the CVD events, indicating a need for more research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit K Sandhu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
| | - Salma M A Musaad
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Alan T Remaley
- National Institutes of Health, Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Sonya Strider
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Hubert W Vesper
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clinical Standardization Programs, Protein Biomarker and Lipid Reference Laboratory, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anne Ranne
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
| | - Colleen S Shaw
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory Research and Evaluation Branch, Division of Laboratory Systems, Atlanta, GA
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12
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Hochner H, Allard C, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Chen J, Sitlani CM, Sazdovska S, Lumley T, McKnight B, Rice K, Enquobahrie DA, Meigs JB, Kwok P, Hivert MF, Borecki IB, Gomez F, Wang T, van Duijn C, Amin N, Rotter JI, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Meiner V, Manor O, Dupuis J, Friedlander Y, Siscovick DS. Parent-of-Origin Effects of the APOB Gene on Adiposity in Young Adults. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005573. [PMID: 26451733 PMCID: PMC4599806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cardio-metabolic traits account for a small proportion of the traits' heritability. To date, most association studies have not considered parent-of-origin effects (POEs). Here we report investigation of POEs on adiposity and glycemic traits in young adults. The Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study (JPS), comprising 1250 young adults and their mothers was used for discovery. Focusing on 18 genes identified by previous GWAS as associated with cardio-metabolic traits, we used linear regression to examine the associations of maternally- and paternally-derived offspring minor alleles with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose and insulin. We replicated and meta-analyzed JPS findings in individuals of European ancestry aged ≤50 belonging to pedigrees from the Framingham Heart Study, Family Heart Study and Erasmus Rucphen Family study (total N≅4800). We considered p<2.7x10-4 statistically significant to account for multiple testing. We identified a common coding variant in the 4th exon of APOB (rs1367117) with a significant maternally-derived effect on BMI (β = 0.8; 95%CI:0.4,1.1; p = 3.1x10-5) and WC (β = 2.7; 95%CI:1.7,3.7; p = 2.1x10-7). The corresponding paternally-derived effects were non-significant (p>0.6). Suggestive maternally-derived associations of rs1367117 were observed with fasting glucose (β = 0.9; 95%CI:0.3,1.5; p = 4.0x10-3) and insulin (ln-transformed, β = 0.06; 95%CI:0.03,0.1; p = 7.4x10-4). Bioinformatic annotation for rs1367117 revealed a variety of regulatory functions in this region in liver and adipose tissues and a 50% methylation pattern in liver only, consistent with allelic-specific methylation, which may indicate tissue-specific POE. Our findings demonstrate a maternal-specific association between a common APOB variant and adiposity, an association that was not previously detected in GWAS. These results provide evidence for the role of regulatory mechanisms, POEs specifically, in adiposity. In addition this study highlights the benefit of utilizing family studies for deciphering the genetic architecture of complex traits. To date, genetic variants identified in large-scale genetic studies using recent technical and methodological advances explain only a small proportion of the genetic basis of obesity, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. These studies were typically conducted in samples of unrelated individuals. Here we utilize a family-based approach to identify genetic variants associated with obesity-related traits. Specifically, we examined the separate contribution of maternally- vs. paternally-inherited common genetic variants to these traits. By examining 1250 young adults and their mothers from Jerusalem, we show that a specific genetic variant, rs1367117, located in the APOB gene on chromosome 2 is related to body mass index and waist circumference when inherited from mother and not from father. This maternal effect is not restricted to Jerusalemites, but is also seen in a large sample of individuals of European descent from independent family studies worldwide. Our findings provide support of the role of complex genetic mechanisms in obesity, and highlight the benefit of utilizing family studies for uncovering genetic pathways underlying common risk factors and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Allard
- Département de Mathématiques, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sandra Sazdovska
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James B. Meigs
- Harvard Medical School and General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pui Kwok
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Felicia Gomez
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - John Stamatoyannopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Manor
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David S. Siscovick
- New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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13
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Radovica-Spalvina I, Latkovskis G, Silamikelis I, Fridmanis D, Elbere I, Ventins K, Ozola G, Erglis A, Klovins J. Next-generation-sequencing-based identification of familial hypercholesterolemia-related mutations in subjects with increased LDL-C levels in a latvian population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:86. [PMID: 26415676 PMCID: PMC4587402 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the commonest monogenic disorders, predominantly inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. When untreated, it results in early coronary heart disease. The vast majority of FH remains undiagnosed in Latvia. The identification and early treatment of affected individuals remain a challenge worldwide. Most cases of FH are caused by mutations in one of four genes, APOB, LDLR, PCSK9, or LDLRAP1. The spectrum of disease-causing variants is very diverse and the variation detection panels usually used in its diagnosis cover only a minority of the disease-causing gene variants. However, DNA-based tests may provide an FH diagnosis for FH patients with no physical symptoms and with no known family history of the disease. Here, we evaluate the use of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify cases of FH in a cohort of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and individuals with abnormal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. METHODS We used targeted amplification of the coding regions of LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, and LDLRAP1, followed by NGS, in 42 CAD patients (LDL-C, 4.1-7.2 mmol/L) and 50 individuals from a population-based cohort (LDL-C, 5.1-9.7 mmol/L). RESULTS In total, 22 synonymous and 31 nonsynonymous variants, eight variants in close proximity (10 bp) to intron-exon boundaries, and 50 other variants were found. We identified four pathogenic mutations (p.(Arg3527Gln) in APOB, and p.(Gly20Arg), p.(Arg350*), and c.1706-10G > A in LDLR) in seven patients (7.6 %). Three possible pathogenic variants were also found in four patients. CONCLUSION NGS-based methods can be used to detect FH in high-risk individuals when they do not meet the defined clinical criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Radovica-Spalvina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
| | - Gustavs Latkovskis
- Latvian Center of Cardiology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia. .,Research Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia.
| | - Ivars Silamikelis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
| | - Davids Fridmanis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
| | - Ilze Elbere
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
| | - Karlis Ventins
- Vidzemes Hospital, Jumaras Street 195, Valmiera, LV-4201, Latvia.
| | - Guna Ozola
- Latvian Center of Cardiology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia.
| | - Andrejs Erglis
- Latvian Center of Cardiology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia. .,Research Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002, Latvia.
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites Street 1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
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14
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Xiao D, Huang K, Chen Q, Huang B, Liu W, Peng Y, Chen M, Huang D, Zou T, Yang J. Four Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and the risk for coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of 47 studies. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Doo M, Won S, Kim Y. Association between the APOB rs1469513 polymorphism and obesity is modified by dietary fat intake in Koreans. Nutrition 2015; 31:653-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Hussain Y, Ding Q, Connelly PW, Brunt JH, Ban MR, McIntyre AD, Huff MW, Gros R, Hegele RA, Feldman RD. G-protein estrogen receptor as a regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism: cellular and population genetic studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:213-21. [PMID: 25395619 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogen deficiency is linked with increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The hormone receptor mediating this effect is unknown. G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER) is a recently recognized G-protein-coupled receptor that is activated by estrogens. We recently identified a common hypofunctional missense variant of GPER, namely P16L. However, the role of GPER in LDL metabolism is unknown. Therefore, we examined the association of the P16L genotype with plasma LDL cholesterol level. Furthermore, we studied the role of GPER in regulating expression of the LDL receptor and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9. APPROACH AND RESULTS Our discovery cohort was a genetically isolated population of Northern European descent, and our validation cohort consisted of normal, healthy women aged 18 to 56 years from London, Ontario. In addition, we examined the effect of GPER on the regulation of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 and LDL receptor expression by the treatment with the GPER agonist, G1. In the discovery cohort, GPER P16L genotype was associated with a significant increase in LDL cholesterol (mean±SEM): 3.18±0.05, 3.25±0.08, and 4.25±0.33 mmol/L, respectively, in subjects with CC (homozygous for P16), CT (heterozygotes), and TT (homozygous for L16) genotypes (P<0.05). In the validation cohort (n=339), the GPER P16L genotype was associated with a similar increase in LDL cholesterol: 2.17±0.05, 2.34±0.06, and 2.42±0.16 mmol/L, respectively, in subjects with CC, CT, and TT genotypes (P<0.05). In the human hepatic carcinoma cell line, the GPER agonist, G1, mediated a concentration-dependent increase in LDL receptor expression, blocked by either pretreatment with the GPER antagonist G15 or by shRNA-mediated GPER downregulation. G1 also mediated a GPER- and concentration-dependent decrease in proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 expression. CONCLUSIONS GPER activation upregulates LDL receptor expression, probably at least, in part, via proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 downregulation. Furthermore, humans carrying the hypofunctional P16L genetic variant of GPER have increased plasma LDL cholesterol. In aggregate, these data suggest an important role of GPER in the regulation of LDL receptor expression and consequently LDL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Hussain
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.)
| | - Qingming Ding
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.)
| | - Philip W Connelly
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.)
| | - J Howard Brunt
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.)
| | - Matthew R Ban
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.)
| | - Adam D McIntyre
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.)
| | - Murray W Huff
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.)
| | - Robert Gros
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.)
| | - Ross D Feldman
- From the Robarts Research Institute (Y.H., Q.D., M.R.B., A.D.M., M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.) and Departments of Medicine (M.W.H., R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), Physiology and Pharmacology (R.G., R.A.H., R.D.F.), and Biochemistry (M.W.H.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.W.C.); and Department of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (J.H.B.).
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17
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Srirangalingam U, Akker SA, Norman D, Navaratnam N, Chew SL, Khoo B. Multiple tandem splicing silencer elements suppress aberrant splicing within the long exon 26 of the human Apolipoprotein B gene. BMC Mol Biol 2013; 14:5. [PMID: 23391187 PMCID: PMC3640928 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-14-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein B (APOB) is an integral component of the chylomicron and the atherogenic lipoproteins LDL and Lp(a). Exon 26 of the APOB pre-mRNA is unusually long at 7,572 nt and is constitutively spliced. It is also subject to RNA editing in the intestine, which generates a shortened isoform, APOB48, assembled exclusively into chylomicrons. Due to its length, exon 26 contains multiple pseudo splice sites which are not spliced, but which conform to the degenerate splice site consensus. RESULTS We demonstrate that these pseudo splice sites are repressed by multiple, tandem splicing silencers distributed along the length of exon 26. The distribution of these elements appears to be heterogeneous, with a greater frequency in the middle 4,800 nt of the exon. CONCLUSION Repression of these splice sites is key to maintaining the integrity of exon 26 during RNA splicing and therefore the correct expression of both isoforms of APOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umasuthan Srirangalingam
- Department of Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Scott A Akker
- Department of Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dennis Norman
- Department of Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Current address: Argenta Discovery Ltd, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Naveenan Navaratnam
- RNA Editing Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Division of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Shern L Chew
- Department of Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bernard Khoo
- Department of Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Current address: Department of Endocrinology, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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Rodrigues AC, Sobrino B, Genvigir FDV, Willrich MAV, Arazi SS, Dorea EL, Bernik MMS, Bertolami M, Faludi AA, Brion MJ, Carracedo A, Hirata MH, Hirata RDC. Genetic variants in genes related to lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia and atorvastatin response. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 417:8-11. [PMID: 23247049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using candidate gene approach, we have investigated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes related to lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis on dyslipidemia and atorvastatin response. METHODS The study included 157 patients treated with atorvastatin and 145 controls. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using SNPlex technology. RESULTS Allele and genotype disease association test revealed that APOB rs693 (OR: 2.2 [1.5-3.2], p=0.0001) and CD36 rs1984112 (OR: 3.7 [1.9-7.0], p=0.0002) SNPs were independent risk factors for hypercholesterolemia. Only APOB rs693 T variant allele was associated with increased LDL cholesterol levels (>160mg/dL). After atorvastatin treatment (10mg/day/4weeks), LIPC -514T allele was positively associated with LDL cholesterol reduction. CONCLUSION The current study reinforces the current knowledge that carrying APOB rs693 is an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia and higher LDL levels. Furthermore, we found that a variant of CD36 was associated with dyslipidemia as a risk (rs1984112) factor. Finally, atorvastatin response could be predicted by LIPC -514C>T SNP and physical activity. In conclusion, our data evidences the contribution of genetic markers and their interaction with environmental factor in the variability of statin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Barbosa EJL, Glad CAM, Nilsson AG, Filipsson Nyström H, Götherström G, Svensson PA, Vinotti I, Bengtsson BÅ, Nilsson S, Boguszewski CL, Johannsson G. Genotypes associated with lipid metabolism contribute to differences in serum lipid profile of GH-deficient adults before and after GH replacement therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 167:353-62. [PMID: 22715478 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GH deficiency (GHD) in adults is associated with an altered serum lipid profile that responds to GH replacement therapy (GHRT). This study evaluated the influence of polymorphisms in genes related to lipid metabolism on serum lipid profile before and after 1 year of GHRT in adults. DESIGN AND METHODS In 318 GHD patients, total cholesterol (TC) serum concentrations, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG) were assessed. Using a candidate gene approach, 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. GH dose was individually titrated to obtain normal serum IGF1 concentrations. RESULTS At baseline, the minor alleles of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene SNPs rs708272 and rs1800775 were associated with higher serum TC and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene SNP rs7412 with lower TC concentrations; CETP SNPs rs708272, rs1800775, and rs3764261 and apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene SNP rs693 with higher serum HDL-C; APOE SNP rs7412, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene SNP rs10865710 with lower LDL-C, and CETP SNP rs1800775 with higher LDL-C; and APOE/C1/C4/C2 cluster SNP rs35136575 with lower serum TG. After treatment, APOB SNP rs676210 GG genotype was associated with larger reductions in TC and LDL-C and PPARG SNP rs10865710 CC genotype with greater TC reduction. All associations remained significant when adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS In GHD adults, multiple SNPs in genes related to lipid metabolism contributed to individual differences in baseline serum lipid profile. The GH treatment response in TC and LDL-C was influenced by polymorphisms in the APOB and PPARG genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna J L Barbosa
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gröna Straket 8, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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20
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Approaching the Asymptote: Obstacles and Opportunities for Nanomedicine in Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2012; 14:247-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-012-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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LAMIA REBHI, ASMA OMEZZINE, SLIM KACEM, JIHÈNE REJEB, IMEN BOUMAIZA, IBTIHEL BENHADJMBAREK, KAOUTHER KCHOCK, RADHIA BELKAHLA, NABILA BENREJEB, NAOUFEL NABLI, AHMED BENABDELAZIZ, ESSIA BOUGHZALA, ALI BOUSLAMA. Association of four apolipoprotein B polymorphisms with lipid profile and stenosis in Tunisian coronary patients. J Genet 2012; 91:75-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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RÍOS-GONZÁLEZ BLANCAE, LUÉVANO-ORTEGA KARLAE, SALDAÑA-CRUZ ANAM, GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA JUANR, MAGAÑA-TORRES MARÍATERESA. Polymorphisms of seven genes involved in lipid metabolism in an unselected Mexican population. J Genet 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-011-0118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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23
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Calandra S, Tarugi P, Speedy HE, Dean AF, Bertolini S, Shoulders CC. Mechanisms and genetic determinants regulating sterol absorption, circulating LDL levels, and sterol elimination: implications for classification and disease risk. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1885-926. [PMID: 21862702 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r017855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review integrates historical biochemical and modern genetic findings that underpin our understanding of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) dyslipidemias that bear on human disease. These range from life-threatening conditions of infancy through severe coronary heart disease of young adulthood, to indolent disorders of middle- and old-age. We particularly focus on the biological aspects of those gene mutations and variants that impact on sterol absorption and hepatobiliary excretion via specific membrane transporter systems (NPC1L1, ABCG5/8); the incorporation of dietary sterols (MTP) and of de novo synthesized lipids (HMGCR, TRIB1) into apoB-containing lipoproteins (APOB) and their release into the circulation (ANGPTL3, SARA2, SORT1); and receptor-mediated uptake of LDL and of intestinal and hepatic-derived lipoprotein remnants (LDLR, APOB, APOE, LDLRAP1, PCSK9, IDOL). The insights gained from integrating the wealth of genetic data with biological processes have important implications for the classification of clinical and presymptomatic diagnoses of traditional LDL dyslipidemias, sitosterolemia, and newly emerging phenotypes, as well as their management through both nutritional and pharmaceutical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Calandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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24
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Panagiotou OA, Evangelou E, Ioannidis JPA. Genome-wide significant associations for variants with minor allele frequency of 5% or less--an overview: A HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:869-89. [PMID: 20876667 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors survey uncommon variants (minor allele frequency, ≤5%) that have reached genome-wide significance (P ≤ 10⁻⁷) in genome-wide association study(ies) (GWAS). They examine the typical effect sizes of these associations; whether they have arisen in multiple GWAS on the same phenotype; and whether they pertain to genetic loci that have other variants discovered through GWAS, perceived biologic plausibility from the candidate gene era, or known mutations associated with related phenotypes. Forty-three associations with minor allele frequency of 5% or less and P ≤ 10⁻⁷ were studied, 12 of which involved nonsynonymous variants. Per-allele odds ratios ranged from 1.03 to 22.11. Thirty-two associations had P ≤ 10⁻⁸. Eight uncommon variants were identified in multiple GWAS. For 14 associations, also other common polymorphisms with genome-wide significance were identified in the same loci. Thirteen associations pertained to genetic loci considered to have biologic plausibility for association in the candidate gene era, and mutations with related phenotypic effects were identified for 11 associations. Twenty-five uncommon variants are common in at least 1 of the 4 different ancestry samples of the International HapMap Project. Although the number of uncommon variants with genome-wide significance is still limited, these data suggest a possible confluence of rare/uncommon and common genetic variation on the same genetic loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis A Panagiotou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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25
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Abstract
The complex etiology of common diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis has led investigators to focus on the genetics of correlated phenotypes and risk factors. Joint analysis of multiple disease-related phenotypes may reveal genes of pleiotropic effect and increase analytical power, but at the cost of increased analytical and computational complexity. All three data sets provided for analysis at the Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 offered multiple quantitative measures of phenotypes related to underlying disease processes as well as discrete measures of affection status. Participants in Group 6 addressed the challenges and possibilities of association analysis of these data sets on multiple levels, including phenotype definition and data reduction, multivariate approaches to gene discovery, analysis of causality and data structure, and development of predictive models. These approaches included combinations of continuous and discrete phenotypes, use of repeated measures in longitudinal data, and models that included multiple phenotypic measures and multiple single-nucleotide polymorphism variants. Most research teams regarded the use of multiple related phenotypes as a tool for increasing analytical power, as well as for clarifying the underlying biology of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA.
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26
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Abstract
The phrase "mendelian randomization" has become associated with the use of genetic polymorphisms to uncover causal relationships between phenotypic variables. The statistical methods useful in mendelian randomization are known as instrumental variable techniques. We present an approach to instrumental variable estimation that is useful in family data and is robust to the use of weak instruments. We illustrate our method to measure the causal influence of low-density lipoprotein on high-density lipoprotein, body mass index, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure. We use the Framingham Heart Study data as distributed to participants in the Genetics Analysis Workshop 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Morris
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MS 72818, Wolstein Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Courtney Gray-McGuire
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MS 72818, Wolstein Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Current affiliation: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 755 Research Parkway, Suite 540, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MS 72818, Wolstein Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Hammoud A, Gastaldi M, Maillot M, Mercier CS, Defoort C, Lairon D, Planells R. APOB-516 T allele homozygous subjects are unresponsive to dietary changes in a three-month primary intervention study targeted to reduce fat intake. GENES AND NUTRITION 2009; 5:29-37. [PMID: 19841959 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-009-0155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary guidelines aim to control fat intake and reduce cardiovascular risk but an important interindividual variability occurs among subjects. The objective was to investigate whether the response of lipid and glucose homeostasis parameters after a three-month diet aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk could be modulated by the -516C/T polymorphism in the apolipoprotein B gene (APOB). Middle-aged men (n = 69) and women (n = 100) with moderate cardiovascular disease risk were advised to reduce total energy and fat intakes and replace saturated dietary fat by monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat. Subjects were genotyped for APOB-516C/T polymorphism. At the entry and at the end of the three-month period, fasting and postprandial plasma lipid analyses were performed. At entry, subjects homozygous for the APOB-516 T allele exhibited significantly lower fasting plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B 48, triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins-triglycerides compared to C carrier subjects. After the diet period, while C carrier subjects presented a clear improvement of most biological parameters, paradoxically T/T subjects did not modify them. In addition, the apoB 48 postprandial response after a standardized mixed test meal was not improved in T/T subjects after the three-month diet, contrary to C allele carriers. Even though their phenotype at entry does not show any significant increase of risk factors when compared to other groups, subjects homozygous for the APOB-516 T allele are unresponsive to a healthy diet that improves cardiovascular risk status in the whole population.
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28
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Anghebem-Oliveira MI, Picheth G, Prochaska CL, Scartezini M, Ortiz Costantini C, de Souza EM, Pedrosa FO. Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms g.2488C>T and g.4154G>A are not associated with coronary artery disease in a Brazilian population. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 403:261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Muiya P, Wakil S, Al-Najai M, Meyer BF, Al-Mohanna F, Alshahid M, Dzimiri N. Identification of loci conferring risk for premature CAD and heterozygous familial hyperlipidemia in the LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdm.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Di Leo E, Magnolo L, Pinotti E, Martini S, Cortella I, Vitturi N, Rabacchi C, Wunsch A, Pucci F, Bertolini S, Calandra S, Tarugi P. Functional analysis of two novel splice site mutations of APOB gene in familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 96:66-72. [PMID: 19084451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is a co-dominant disorder characterized by reduced plasma levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and its protein constituent apolipoprotein B (apoB), which may be due to mutations in APOB gene, mostly located in the coding region of this gene. We report two novel APOB gene mutations involving the acceptor splice site of intron 11 (c.1471-1G>A) and of intron 23 (c.3697-1G>C), respectively, which were identified in two patients with heterozygous FHBL associated with severe fatty liver disease. The effects of these mutations on APOB pre-mRNA splicing were assessed in COS-1 cells expressing the mutant APOB minigenes. The c.1471-1G>A APOB minigene generated two abnormal mRNAs. In one mRNA the entire intron 11 was retained; in the other mRNA exon 11 joined to exon 12, in which the first nucleotide was deleted due to the activation of a novel acceptor splice site. The predicted products of these mRNAs are truncated proteins of 546 and 474 amino acids, designated apoB-12.03 and apoB-10.45, respectively. The c.3697-1G>C APOB minigene generated a single abnormal mRNA in which exon 23 joined to exon 25, with the complete skipping of exon 24. This abnormal mRNA is predicted to encode a truncated protein of 1220 amino acids, designated apoB-26.89. These splice site mutations cause the formation of short truncated apoBs, which are not secreted into the plasma as lipoprotein constituents. This secretion defect is the major cause of severe fatty liver observed in carriers of these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Di Leo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, I-41100 Modena, Italy
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31
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Burkhardt R, Kenny EE, Breslow JL. Genomewide association studies and lipid risk factors. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-009-0003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Linsel-Nitschke P, Götz A, Erdmann J, Braenne I, Braund P, Hengstenberg C, Stark K, Fischer M, Schreiber S, El Mokhtari NE, Schaefer A, Schrezenmeier J, Rubin D, Hinney A, Reinehr T, Roth C, Ortlepp J, Hanrath P, Hall AS, Mangino M, Lieb W, Lamina C, Heid IM, Doering A, Gieger C, Peters A, Meitinger T, Wichmann HE, König IR, Ziegler A, Kronenberg F, Samani NJ, Schunkert H. Lifelong reduction of LDL-cholesterol related to a common variant in the LDL-receptor gene decreases the risk of coronary artery disease--a Mendelian Randomisation study. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2986. [PMID: 18714375 PMCID: PMC2500189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare mutations of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) cause familial hypercholesterolemia, which increases the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Less is known about the implications of common genetic variation in the LDLR gene regarding the variability of cholesterol levels and risk of CAD. METHODS Imputed genotype data at the LDLR locus on 1 644 individuals of a population-based sample were explored for association with LDL-C level. Replication of association with LDL-C level was sought for the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the LDLR gene in three European samples comprising 6 642 adults and 533 children. Association of this SNP with CAD was examined in six case-control studies involving more than 15 000 individuals. FINDINGS Each copy of the minor T allele of SNP rs2228671 within LDLR (frequency 11%) was related to a decrease of LDL-C levels by 0.19 mmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.13-0.24] mmol/L, p = 1.5x10(-10)). This association with LDL-C was uniformly found in children, men, and women of all samples studied. In parallel, the T allele of rs2228671 was associated with a significantly lower risk of CAD (Odds Ratio per copy of the T allele: 0.82, 95% CI [0.76-0.89], p = 2.1x10(-7)). Adjustment for LDL-C levels by logistic regression or Mendelian Randomisation models abolished the significant association between rs2228671 with CAD completely, indicating a functional link between the genetic variant at the LDLR gene locus, change in LDL-C and risk of CAD. CONCLUSION A common variant at the LDLR gene locus affects LDL-C levels and, thereby, the risk for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anika Götz
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Ingrid Braenne
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Stark
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Fischer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institut für Klinische Molekularbiologie, Christian-Albrechts Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Arne Schaefer
- Institut für Klinische Molekularbiologie, Christian-Albrechts Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrezenmeier
- Bundesforschungsanstalt für Ernährung und Lebensmittel, Institut für Physiologie und Biochemie der Ernährung, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diana Rubin
- Bundesforschungsanstalt für Ernährung und Lebensmittel, Institut für Physiologie und Biochemie der Ernährung, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Rheinische Kliniken Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Christian Roth
- Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde der Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Children's Hospital & Regional Medical Centre, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jan Ortlepp
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Hanrath
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alistair S. Hall
- C-NET Group, Leeds Institute for Genetics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Doering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Inke R. König
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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