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Lee JH, Meyer EJ, Nenke MA, Lightman SL, Torpy DJ. Cortisol, Stress, and Disease-Bidirectional Associations; Role for Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae412. [PMID: 38941154 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Selye described stress as a unified neurohormonal mechanism maintaining homeostasis. Acute stress system activation is adaptive through neurocognitive, catecholaminergic, and immunomodulation mechanisms, followed by a reset via cortisol. Stress system components, the sympathoadrenomedullary system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and limbic structures are implicated in many chronic diseases by establishing an altered homeostatic state, allostasis. Consequent "primary stress system disorders" were popularly accepted, with phenotypes based on conditions such as Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, and adrenal insufficiency. Cardiometabolic and major depressive disorders are candidates for hypercortisolemic etiology, contrasting the "hypocortisolemic symptom triad" of stress sensitivity, chronic fatigue, and pain. However, acceptance of chronic stress etiology requires cause-and-effect associations, and practical utility such as therapeutics altering stress system function. Inherent predispositions to stress system perturbations may be relevant. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) variants have been associated with metabolic/neuropsychological states. The SERPINA6 gene encoding corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), was the sole genetic factor in a single-nucleotide variation-genome-wide association study linkage study of morning plasma cortisol, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with alterations in tissue-specific GR-related gene expression. Studies showed genetically predicted high cortisol concentrations are associated with hypertension and anxiety, and low CBG concentrations/binding affinity, with the hypocortisolemic triad. Acquired CBG deficiency in septic shock results in 3-fold higher mortality when hydrocortisone administration produces equivocal results, consistent with CBG's role in spatiotemporal cortisol delivery. We propose some stress system disorders result from constitutional stress system variants rather than stressors themselves. Altered CBG:cortisol buffering may influence interstitial cortisol ultradian surges leading to pathological tissue effects, an example of stress system variants contributing to stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Emily Jane Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Endocrine and Diabetes Services, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Marni Anne Nenke
- Department of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Endocrine and Diabetes Services, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Stafford L Lightman
- Systems Neuroendocrinology Research Group, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - David J Torpy
- Department of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Souza-Teodoro LH, Davies NM, Warren HR, Andrade LHSG, Carvalho LA. DHEA and response to antidepressant treatment: A Mendelian Randomization analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:151-156. [PMID: 38531145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Treatment response is hard to predict and detailed mechanisms unknown. Lower levels of the dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA(S)) - a precursor to testosterone and estrogen - have been associated to depression and to response to antidepressant treatment. Previous studies however may have been ridden by confounding and reverse causation. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether higher levels of DHEA(S) are causally linked to response to antidepressants using mendelian randomization (MR). We performed a Two-sample MR analysis using data the largest publicly available GWAS of DHEA(S) levels (n = 14,846) using eight common genetic variants associated to DHEA(S) (seven single nucleotide polymorphisms and one variant rs2497306) and the largest GWAS of antidepressant response (n = 5218) using various MR methods (IVW, MR Egger, Weighted mean, weighted mode, MR-PRESSO) and single SNP analysis. We further investigated for pleiotropy conducting a look up on PhenoScanner and GWAS Catalog. Results show no evidence for DHEA(S) gene risk score from any of MR methods, however, we found a significant association on individual variant analysis for rs11761538, rs17277546, and rs2497306. There was some evidence for heterogeneity and pleiotropy. This is the first paper to show some evidence for a causal association of genetically-predicted DHEA and improvement of depressive symptoms. The effect is not a simple linear effect, and we were unable to dissect whether the effect was direct effect of DHEA(S), mediated by DHEA(S) or on the pathway is not yet clear. Further studies using more refined instrumental variables will help clarify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Souza-Teodoro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK; Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N M Davies
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; Department of Statistical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - H R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK; NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L H S G Andrade
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A Carvalho
- William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Chan II, Wu AM. Assessing the Role of Cortisol in Anxiety, Major Depression, and Neuroticism: A Mendelian Randomization Study Using SERPINA6/ SERPINA1 Variants. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100294. [PMID: 38525495 PMCID: PMC10959652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence informed by the toxic stress model suggests that higher cortisol causes anxiety and major depression, but clinical success is lacking. To clarify the role of cortisol, we used Mendelian randomization to estimate its associations with anxiety, major depression, and neuroticism, leveraging the largest available genome-wide association studies including from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, the UK Biobank, and FinnGen. Methods After meta-analyzing 2 genome-wide association studies on morning plasma cortisol (n = 32,981), we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at p < 5 × 10-8 and r2 < 0.3 in the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 gene region encoding proteins that influence cortisol bioavailability. We applied these SNPs to summary genetic associations with the outcomes considered (n = 17,310-449,484), and systolic blood pressure as a positive outcome, using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis accounting for correlation. Sensitivity analyses addressing SNP correlation and confounding by childhood maltreatment and follow-up analyses using only SNPs that colocalized with SERPINA6 expression were conducted. Results Cortisol was associated with anxiety (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.16 per cortisol z score; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.31), but not major depression (pooled OR 1.02, 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.10) or neuroticism (β -0.025; 95% CI, -0.071 to 0.022). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar estimates. Cortisol was positively associated with systolic blood pressure, as expected. Using rs9989237 and rs2736898, selected using colocalization, cortisol was associated with anxiety in the UK Biobank (OR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.74) but not with major depression in FinnGen (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.37). Conclusions Cortisol was associated with anxiety and may be a potential target for prevention. Other targets may be more relevant to major depression and neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Ieong Chan
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M.S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Zou F, Hu Y, Xu M, Wang S, Wu Z, Deng F. Associations between sex hormones, receptors, binding proteins and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1272746. [PMID: 38660517 PMCID: PMC11039946 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1272746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gender differences existed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Observational studies have revealed associations between sex hormones and IBD, such as estrogen and testosterone. However, the exact relationship between these sex hormones and IBD is unclear. Method Based on the genome-wide association studies data of eight sex hormones, two sex hormone receptors, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total IBD and its two subtypes, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to analyze their mutual relationship. For estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG), bioavailable testosterone (BAT), total testosterone (TT) and SHBG, sex-stratified MR analyses were also performed. Inverse variance weighted method, MR-Egger regression and Weighted median method were used for causal analyses. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the stability of causal relationships. Besides, a reverse MR analysis was performed to estimate the reverse causation. Results E2 (P=0.028) and TT (P=0.034) had protective effects on CD. Sex-stratified analyses revealed protective roles of E2 in males on total IBD (P=0.038) and CD (P=0.020). TT in females had protective effects on total IBD (P=0.025) and CD (P=0.029), and BAT in females decreased the risk of developing CD (P=0.047) and UC (P=0.036). Moreover, SHBG in males was also associated with a decreased risk of CD (P=0.021). The reversed MR analysis showed that CD was negatively correlated with estrogen receptor (P=0.046). UC was negatively correlated with PROG in females (P=0.015) and positively correlated with SHBG levels in males (P=0.046). Conclusion Findings of this study revealed the mutual causal associations between sex hormones and the risk of developing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaxian Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zengrong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Hu Y, Zou F, Lu W. Sex hormones and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07501-z. [PMID: 38565746 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Females are considered to have an increased susceptibility to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) than males, especially aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody positive NMOSD, indicating that sex hormones may be involved in the NMOSD pathogenesis. However, the causality between sex hormones and NMOSD still remains unclear. METHODS Based on the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of three sex hormones (estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG) and bioavailable testosterone (BAT)), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), age of menarche, age of menopause, and NMOSD (total, AQP4 + and AQP4 -), we performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Sex-stratified GWAS data of E2, PROG, BAT, and SHBG was obtained for gender-specific MR analysis. Causal inferences were based on the inverse variance weighted method, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median method. The reverse MR analysis was also performed to assess the impact of NMOSD on hormone levels. RESULTS PROG in females had aggravative effects on NMOSD (P < 0.001), especially AQP4 - NMOSD (P < 0.001). In the reverse MR analysis, total NMOSD was found to decrease the level of BAT (P < 0.001) and increase the level of SHBG (P = 0.001) in females. CONCLUSION Findings of this MR analysis revealed mutual causal associations between sex hormones and NMOSD, which provided novel perspectives about the gender-related pathogenesis of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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6
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Venkatesh SS, Wittemans LBL, Palmer DS, Baya NA, Ferreira T, Hill B, Lassen FH, Parker MJ, Reibe S, Elhakeem A, Banasik K, Bruun MT, Erikstrup C, Jensen BA, Juul A, Mikkelsen C, Nielsen HS, Ostrowski SR, Pedersen OB, Rohde PD, Sorensen E, Ullum H, Westergaard D, Haraldsson A, Holm H, Jonsdottir I, Olafsson I, Steingrimsdottir T, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Figueredo J, Karjalainen MK, Pasanen A, Jacobs BM, Hubers N, Lippincott M, Fraser A, Lawlor DA, Timpson NJ, Nyegaard M, Stefansson K, Magi R, Laivuori H, van Heel DA, Boomsma DI, Balasubramanian R, Seminara SB, Chan YM, Laisk T, Lindgren CM. Genome-wide analyses identify 21 infertility loci and over 400 reproductive hormone loci across the allele frequency spectrum. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.19.24304530. [PMID: 38562841 PMCID: PMC10984039 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.24304530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) may help inform treatments for infertility, whose causes remain unknown in many cases. Here we present GWAS meta-analyses across six cohorts for male and female infertility in up to 41,200 cases and 687,005 controls. We identified 21 genetic risk loci for infertility (P≤5E-08), of which 12 have not been reported for any reproductive condition. We found positive genetic correlations between endometriosis and all-cause female infertility (rg=0.585, P=8.98E-14), and between polycystic ovary syndrome and anovulatory infertility (rg=0.403, P=2.16E-03). The evolutionary persistence of female infertility-risk alleles in EBAG9 may be explained by recent directional selection. We additionally identified up to 269 genetic loci associated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone, oestradiol, and testosterone through sex-specific GWAS meta-analyses (N=6,095-246,862). While hormone-associated variants near FSHB and ARL14EP colocalised with signals for anovulatory infertility, we found no rg between female infertility and reproductive hormones (P>0.05). Exome sequencing analyses in the UK Biobank (N=197,340) revealed that women carrying testosterone-lowering rare variants in GPC2 were at higher risk of infertility (OR=2.63, P=1.25E-03). Taken together, our results suggest that while individual genes associated with hormone regulation may be relevant for fertility, there is limited genetic evidence for correlation between reproductive hormones and infertility at the population level. We provide the first comprehensive view of the genetic architecture of infertility across multiple diagnostic criteria in men and women, and characterise its relationship to other health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samvida S Venkatesh
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Laura B L Wittemans
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan S Palmer
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas A Baya
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Barney Hill
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Heymann Lassen
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Melody J Parker
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Reibe
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie T Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bitten A Jensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette S Nielsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fertility Clinic, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Kge, Denmark
| | - Palle D Rohde
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Erik Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David Westergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asgeir Haraldsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thora Steingrimsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Jessica Figueredo
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Minna K Karjalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu Pasanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Benjamin M Jacobs
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki Hubers
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret Lippincott
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kari Stefansson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Reedik Magi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
- Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ravikumar Balasubramanian
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie B Seminara
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Triin Laisk
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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7
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Wang H, Li C, Chen L, Zhang M, Ren T, Zhang S. Causal relationship between female reproductive factors, sex hormones and uterine leiomyoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103584. [PMID: 38061975 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Are the observed associations between female reproductive factors and sex hormones with the risk of uterine leiomyoma truly causal associations? DESIGN The putative causal relationships between female reproductive factors and sex hormones with uterine leiomyoma were investigated using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Statistics on exposure-associated genetic variants were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The uterine leiomyoma GWAS from the FinnGen and FibroGENE consortia were used as outcome data for discovery and replication analyses, respectively. Results were pooled by meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses ensured robustness of the Mendelian randomization analysis. RESULTS When FinnGen GWAS were used as outcome data, a causal relationship was found between age at menarche (OR 0.84, P < 0.0001), age at menopause (OR 1.08, P < 0.0001), number of live births (OR 0.25, P < 0.001) and total testosterone levels (OR 0.90, P < 0.001) with the risk of uterine leiomyoma. When FibroGENE GWAS were used as outcome data, Mendelian randomization results for age at menopause, the number of live births and total testosterone levels were replicated. In the meta-analysis, a later age at menopause (OR 1.08, P < 0.0001) was associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyoma. A higher number of live births (OR 0.25, P < 0.0001) and higher total testosterone levels (OR 0.90, P < 0.0001) were associated with a decreased risk of uterine leiomyoma. CONCLUSIONS A causal relationship between later age at menopause, lower number of live births and lower total testosterone levels with increased risk of uterine leiomyoma was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynaecologic Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Nasr MK, Schurmann C, Böttinger EP, Teumer A. Mendelian randomization indicates causal effects of estradiol levels on kidney function in males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232266. [PMID: 38169598 PMCID: PMC10758447 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health burden worldwide. Epidemiological studies observed an association between sex hormones, including estradiol, and kidney function. Objective We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess a possible causal effect of estradiol levels on kidney function in males and females. Design We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR using published genetic associations of serum levels of estradiol in men (n = 206,927) and women (n = 229,966), and of kidney traits represented by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, n = 567,460), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR, n = 547,361), and CKD (n = 41,395 cases and n = 439,303 controls) using data obtained from the CKDGen Consortium. Additionally, we conducted a genome-wide association study using UK Biobank cohort study data (n = 11,798 men and n = 6,835 women) to identify novel genetic associations with levels of estradiol, and then used these variants as instruments in a one-sample MR. Results The two-sample MR indicated that genetically predicted estradiol levels are significantly associated with eGFR in men (beta = 0.077; p = 5.2E-05). We identified a single locus at chromosome 14 associated with estradiol levels in men being significant in the one-sample MR on eGFR (beta = 0.199; p = 0.017). We revealed significant results with eGFR in postmenopausal women and with UACR in premenopausal women, which did not reach statistical significance in the sensitivity MR analyses. No causal effect of eGFR or UACR on estradiol levels was found. Conclusions We conclude that serum estradiol levels may have a causal effect on kidney function. Our MR results provide starting points for studies to develop therapeutic strategies to reduce kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kamal Nasr
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Erwin P. Böttinger
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Wang Z, Lu J, Weng W, Zhang J. Women's reproductive traits and cerebral small-vessel disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1064081. [PMID: 37064189 PMCID: PMC10098092 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1064081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundObservational studies have suggested that women's reproductive factors (age at menarche (AAM), age at first birth (AFB), age at first sexual intercourse (AFS), age at natural menopause (ANM), and pregnancy loss) may influence the risk of cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) although the causality remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) to simultaneously investigate the causal relationships between five women's reproductive traits and CSVD clinical [intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by location or small-vessel ischemic stroke (SVS)] and subclinical measures [white matter hyperintensities (WMH), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD)], utilizing data from large-scale genome-wide association studies of European ancestry. For both UVMR and MVMR, the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) estimates were reported as the main results. The MR-Egger, weighted median, generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR), and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods for UVMR and MVMR-Egger, and the MVMR-robust methods for MVMR were used as sensitivity analyses. Sex-combined instruments for AFS and AFB were used to assess the impact of sex instrumental heterogeneity. Positive control analysis was implemented to measure the efficacy of selected genetic instruments.ResultsWe found no evidence to support causal associations between genetic liability for women's reproductive factors and the risk of CSVD in UVMR (all P-values > 0.05). Using MVMR, the results were consistent with the findings of UVMR after accounting for body mass index and educational attainment (all P-values > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses also provided consistent results. The putative positive causality was observed between AAM, ANM, and ovarian cancer, ensuring the efficacy of selected genetic instruments.ConclusionOur findings do not convincingly support a causal effect of women's reproductive factors on CSVD. Future studies are warranted to investigate specific estrogen-related physiological changes in women, which may inform current researchers on the causal mechanisms involved in cerebral small-vessel disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqian Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weipin Weng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zhang
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10
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Zou C, Wang W, Shu C, Liang S, Zou Y, Wang L, Wu Z, Liu Y, You F. Expression characteristics of Hsd3b7 in the gonads of Paralichthys olivaceus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 266:110848. [PMID: 36933762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis is an important biological process for gonadal differentiation and development. In mammals, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 7 (HSD3B7) could convert 3β-hydroxy of 7α-hydroxycholesterol into a ketone and form 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, which may affect steroidogenesis. However, in fish, the study of Hsd3b7 is still lacking. In this study, Hsd3b7 was identified in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, an important mariculture fish. According to bioinformatics analysis, Hsd3b7 belongs to a Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding protein and can interact in a predictable manner with Hsd17b2, -3, and - 4, which play a role in steroidogenesis. In the adult flounder, Hsd3b7 was expressed in various tissues, at particularly high level in male muscle. The expression levels of Hsd3b7 at gonadal development stages I-V initially increased and then decreased, with an inflection point in the ovary at stage III and in the testis at stage IV. At stage III, the expression level of Hsd3b7 was significantly higher in the ovary than in the testis (P < 0.01). The results of in situ hybridization (ISH) revealed that it was mainly expressed in oocytes of phases I-IV or around oocytes of phases IV-V in the ovaries and around spermatid lobules at stages IV-V in the testes. Three regulatory sites of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9), a transcription factor involved in steroidogenesis and gonadal differentiation, were predicted in the promoter of Hsd3b7. After intraperitoneal injection with the recombination flounder Sox9a, the expression of Hsd3b7 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01). During the flounder gonadal differentiation, 17β-estradiol (E2, 5 μg/g feed) and 17α-methyltestosterone (T, 5 μg/g feed) were used to obtain the phenotypic female or male flounder, and the results showed that in the E2 group, Hsd3b7 expression was highest at 2 cm TL, the primordial gonad stage, which was significantly higher than that at 12 cm TL (P < 0.05). In the T group, Hsd3b7 expression level was also highest at 2 cm TL and significantly higher than at 10 and 12 cm TL (P < 0.05). Moreover, Hsd3b7 was detected to be localized mainly around oogonia and spermatogonia during the differentiated gonads with ISH. These findings first introduce the expression characteristics of Hsd3b7 and the effect of Sox9a on its expression, which contribute to our understanding of the function of Hsd3b7 in fish gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chang Shu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shaoshuai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yuxia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Feng You
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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11
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Jasper EA, Hellwege JN, Piekos JA, Jones SH, Hartmann KE, Mautz B, Aronoff DM, Edwards TL, Edwards DRV. Genetically-predicted placental gene expression is associated with birthweight and adult body mass index. Sci Rep 2023; 13:322. [PMID: 36609580 PMCID: PMC9822919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is critical to human growth and development and has been implicated in health outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms through which the placenta influences perinatal and later-life outcomes requires further investigation. We evaluated the relationships between birthweight and adult body mass index (BMI) and genetically-predicted gene expression in human placenta. Birthweight genome-wide association summary statistics were obtained from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium (N = 298,142). Adult BMI summary statistics were obtained from the GIANT consortium (N = 681,275). We used S-PrediXcan to evaluate associations between the outcomes and predicted gene expression in placental tissue and, to identify genes where placental expression was exclusively associated with the outcomes, compared to 48 other tissues (GTEx v7). We identified 24 genes where predicted placental expression was significantly associated with birthweight, 15 of which were not associated with birthweight in any other tissue. One of these genes has been previously linked to birthweight. Analyses identified 182 genes where placental expression was associated with adult BMI, 110 were not associated with BMI in any other tissue. Eleven genes that had placental gene expression levels exclusively associated with BMI have been previously associated with BMI. Expression of a single gene, PAX4, was associated with both outcomes exclusively in the placenta. Inter-individual variation of gene expression in placental tissue may contribute to observed variation in birthweight and adult BMI, supporting developmental origins hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jasper
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Jones
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine E Hartmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian Mautz
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Population Analytics, Analytics and Insights, Data Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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Ke B, Li C, Shang H. Sex hormones and risk of epilepsy: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1153907. [PMID: 37113268 PMCID: PMC10126428 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1153907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple evidence has suggested complex interaction between sex hormones and epilepsy. However, whether there exists a causal association and the effect direction remains controversial. Here we aimed to examine the causative role of hormones in the risk of epilepsy and vice versa. Methods We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of major sex hormones including testosterone (N = 425,097), estradiol (N = 311,675) and progesterone (N = 2,619), together with epilepsy (N = 44,889). We further performed sex-stratified analysis, and verified the significant results using summary statistics from another study on estradiol in males (N = 206,927). Results Genetically determined higher estradiol was associated with a reduced risk of epilepsy (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98, P = 9.51E-03). In the sex-stratified analysis, the protective effect was detected in males (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97, P = 9.18E-04), but not in females. Such association was further verified in the replication stage (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.87, P = 0.017). In contrast, no association was identified between testosterone, progesterone and the risk of epilepsy. In the opposite direction, epilepsy was not causally associated with sex hormones. Conclusion These results demonstrated higher estradiol could reduce the risk of epilepsy, especially in males. Future development of preventive or therapeutic interventions in clinical trials could attach importance to this.
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13
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Dapas M, Dunaif A. Deconstructing a Syndrome: Genomic Insights Into PCOS Causal Mechanisms and Classification. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:927-965. [PMID: 35026001 PMCID: PMC9695127 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common disorders in women of reproductive age, affecting up to 15% worldwide, depending on the diagnostic criteria. PCOS is characterized by a constellation of interrelated reproductive abnormalities, including disordered gonadotropin secretion, increased androgen production, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is frequently associated with insulin resistance and obesity. These reproductive and metabolic derangements cause major morbidities across the lifespan, including anovulatory infertility and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite decades of investigative effort, the etiology of PCOS remains unknown. Familial clustering of PCOS cases has indicated a genetic contribution to PCOS. There are rare Mendelian forms of PCOS associated with extreme phenotypes, but PCOS typically follows a non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance consistent with a complex genetic architecture, analogous to T2D and obesity, that reflects the interaction of susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Genomic studies of PCOS have provided important insights into disease pathways and have indicated that current diagnostic criteria do not capture underlying differences in biology associated with different forms of PCOS. We provide a state-of-the-science review of genetic analyses of PCOS, including an overview of genomic methodologies aimed at a general audience of non-geneticists and clinicians. Applications in PCOS will be discussed, including strengths and limitations of each study. The contributions of environmental factors, including developmental origins, will be reviewed. Insights into the pathogenesis and genetic architecture of PCOS will be summarized. Future directions for PCOS genetic studies will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dapas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea Dunaif
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Golovchenko I, Aizikovich B, Golovchenko O, Reshetnikov E, Churnosova M, Aristova I, Ponomarenko I, Churnosov M. Sex Hormone Candidate Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13691. [PMID: 36430184 PMCID: PMC9697627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine whether sex hormone polymorphisms proven by GWAS are associated with endometriosis risk. Unrelated female participants totaling 1376 in number (395 endometriosis patients and 981 controls) were recruited into the study. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which GWAS correlated with circulating levels of sex hormones were genotyped using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. FSH-lowering, and LH- and testosterone-heightening polymorphisms of the FSHB promoter (allelic variants A rs11031002 and C rs11031005) exhibit a protective effect for endometriosis (OR = 0.60-0.68). By contrast, the TT haplotype loci that were GWAS correlated with higher FSH levels and lower LH and testosterone concentrations determined an increased risk for endometriosis (OR = 2.03). Endometriosis-involved epistatic interactions were found between eight loci of sex hormone genes (without rs148982377 ZNF789) within twelve genetic simulation models. In silico examination established that 8 disorder-related loci and 80 proxy SNPs are genome variants affecting the expression, splicing, epigenetic and amino acid conformation of the 34 genes which enrich the organic anion transport and secondary carrier transporter pathways. In conclusion, the present study showed that sex hormone polymorphisms proven by GWAS are associated with endometriosis risk and involved in the molecular pathophysiology of the disease due to their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Golovchenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Boris Aizikovich
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg Golovchenko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeny Reshetnikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Churnosova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Inna Aristova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Irina Ponomarenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
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15
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Nounu A, Kar SP, Relton CL, Richmond RC. Sex steroid hormones and risk of breast cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:66. [PMID: 36209141 PMCID: PMC9548139 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) has the highest cancer incidence and mortality in women worldwide. Observational epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and other sex steroid hormones with postmenopausal BC. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate this association. METHODS Genetic instruments for nine sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of UK Biobank (total testosterone (TT) N: 230,454, bioavailable testosterone (BT) N: 188,507 and SHBG N: 189,473), The United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (DHEAS N: 9722), the LIFE-Adult and LIFE-Heart cohorts (estradiol N: 2607, androstenedione N: 711, aldosterone N: 685, progesterone N: 1259 and 17-hydroxyprogesterone N: 711) and the CORtisol NETwork (CORNET) consortium (cortisol N: 25,314). Outcome GWAS summary statistics were obtained from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) for overall BC risk (N: 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls) and subtype-specific analyses. RESULTS We found that a standard deviation (SD) increase in TT, BT and estradiol increased the risk of overall BC (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.21, OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.33 and OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, respectively) and ER + BC (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12-1.27, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.40 and OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09, respectively). An SD increase in DHEAS also increased ER + BC risk (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16). Subtype-specific analyses showed similar associations with ER+ expressing subtypes: luminal A-like BC, luminal B-like BC and luminal B/HER2-negative-like BC. CONCLUSIONS TT, BT, DHEAS and estradiol increase the risk of ER+ type BCs similar to observational studies. Understanding the role of sex steroid hormones in BC risk, particularly subtype-specific risks, highlights the potential importance of attempts to modify and/or monitor hormone levels in order to prevent BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayah Nounu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Siddhartha P Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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16
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Smith CJ, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Cichońska A, Julkunen H, Fauman EB, Würtz P, Pritchard JK. Integrative analysis of metabolite GWAS illuminates the molecular basis of pleiotropy and genetic correlation. eLife 2022; 11:e79348. [PMID: 36073519 PMCID: PMC9536840 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropy and genetic correlation are widespread features in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but they are often difficult to interpret at the molecular level. Here, we perform GWAS of 16 metabolites clustered at the intersection of amino acid catabolism, glycolysis, and ketone body metabolism in a subset of UK Biobank. We utilize the well-documented biochemistry jointly impacting these metabolites to analyze pleiotropic effects in the context of their pathways. Among the 213 lead GWAS hits, we find a strong enrichment for genes encoding pathway-relevant enzymes and transporters. We demonstrate that the effect directions of variants acting on biology between metabolite pairs often contrast with those of upstream or downstream variants as well as the polygenic background. Thus, we find that these outlier variants often reflect biology local to the traits. Finally, we explore the implications for interpreting disease GWAS, underscoring the potential of unifying biochemistry with dense metabolomics data to understand the molecular basis of pleiotropy in complex traits and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Smith
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Herbold Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | | | | | - Eric B Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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17
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Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Twin Res Hum Genet 2022; 25:180-186. [PMID: 36053043 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2022.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common and second most deadly type of cancer worldwide, with approximately 1.9 million cases and 0.9 million deaths worldwide in 2020. Previous studies have shown that estrogen and testosterone hormones are associated with colorectal cancer risk and mortality. However, the potential effect of their precursor, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), on colorectal cancer risk has not been investigated. Therefore, evaluating DHEAS's effect on colorectal cancer will expand our understanding of the hormonal contribution to colorectal cancer risk. In this study, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal effect of DHEAS on colorectal cancer. We obtained DHEAS and colorectal cancer genomewide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the Leipzig Health Atlas and the GWAS catalog and conducted MR analyses using the TwoSampleMR R package. Our results suggest that higher DHEAS levels are causally associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk (odds ratio per unit increase in DHEAS levels z score = 0.70; 95% confidence interval [0.51, 0.96]), which is in line with previous observations in a case-control study of colon cancer. The outcome of this study will be beneficial in developing plasma DHEAS-based biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Further studies should be conducted to interpret the DHEAS-colorectal cancer association among different ancestries and populations.
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18
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Chen F, Wen W, Long J, Shu X, Yang Y, Shu XO, Zheng W. Mendelian randomization analyses of 23 known and suspected risk factors and biomarkers for breast cancer overall and by molecular subtypes. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:372-380. [PMID: 35403707 PMCID: PMC9177773 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Many risk factors have been identified for breast cancer. The potential causality for some of them remains uncertain, and few studies have comprehensively investigated these associations by molecular subtypes. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate potential causal associations of 23 known and suspected risk factors and biomarkers with breast cancer risk overall and by molecular subtypes using data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. The inverse-variance weighted method was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for association of each trait with breast cancer risk. Significant associations with breast cancer risk were found for 15 traits, including age at menarche, age at menopause, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, height, physical activity, cigarette smoking, sleep duration, and morning-preference chronotype, and six blood biomarkers (estrogens, insulin-like growth factor-1, sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG], telomere length, HDL-cholesterol and fasting insulin). Noticeably, an increased circulating SHBG was associated with a reduced risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancer (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.94), but an elevated risk of ER-negative (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.93-1.36) and triple negative cancer (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.92-1.54) (Pheterogeneity = 0.01). Fasting insulin was most strongly associated with an increased risk of HER2-negative cancer (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.18-3.20), but a reduced risk of HER2-enriched cancer (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26-0.81) (Pheterogeneity = 0.006). Results from sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO were generally consistent. Our study provides strong evidence supporting potential causal associations of several risk factors for breast cancer and suggests potential heterogeneous associations of SHBG and fasting insulin levels with subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiang Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yaohua Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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19
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Huang X, Cheng Y, Wang N. Genetic variants in CYP11B1 influence the susceptibility to coronary heart disease. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:158. [PMID: 35831903 PMCID: PMC9281100 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors are important risk factors to develop coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we mainly explored whether CYP11B1 mutations influence CHD risk among Chinese Han population. METHODS Six variants were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY system from 509 CHD patients and 509 healthy controls. The correlations between CYP11B1 mutations and CHD risk were assessed using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by logistic regression. The haplotype analysis and were ultifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) were conducted. RESULTS In the overall analysis, CYP11B1 polymorphisms were not correlated with CHD susceptibility. In the stratified analysis, we found that rs5283, rs6410, and rs4534 are significantly associated with susceptibility to CHD dependent on age and gender (p < 0.05). Moreover, we also observed that rs5283 and rs4534 could affect diabetes/hypertension risk among CHD patients (p < 0.05). In addition, the Crs4736312Ars5017238Crs5301Grs5283Trs6410Crs4534 haplotype of CYP11B1 reduce the susceptibility to CHD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that rs4534, rs6410 and rs5283 in CYP11B1 gene influence the susceptibility to CHD, which depend on age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Huang
- The Department of Cardiovascology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 69, Fengcheng Eighth Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Cheng
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hospital of Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- The Department of Cardiovascology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 69, Fengcheng Eighth Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Engel C, Wirkner K, Zeynalova S, Baber R, Binder H, Ceglarek U, Enzenbach C, Fuchs M, Hagendorff A, Henger S, Hinz A, Rauscher FG, Reusche M, Riedel-Heller SG, Röhr S, Sacher J, Sander C, Schroeter ML, Tarnok A, Treudler R, Villringer A, Wachter R, Witte AV, Thiery J, Scholz M, Loeffler M. Cohort Profile: The LIFE-Adult-Study. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 52:e66-e79. [PMID: 35640047 PMCID: PMC9908058 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Engel
- Corresponding author. Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Haertelstrasse 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany. E-mail:
| | | | | | - Ronny Baber
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Enzenbach
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Division Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Phoniatrics and Audiology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hagendorff
- Department of Cardiology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Henger
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska G Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Reusche
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Public Health (ISAP), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Röhr
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Public Health (ISAP), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julia Sacher
- Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Sander
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany,Leipzig Interdisciplinary Allergy Center (LICA)—Comprehensive Allergy Center, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Quester J, Nethander M, Eriksson A, Ohlsson C. Endogenous DHEAS Is Causally Linked With Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density and Forearm Fractures in Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2080-e2086. [PMID: 34935937 PMCID: PMC9016453 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A recent pooled analysis of four clinical trials demonstrated that treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increases lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD) in women. The causal effect of endogenous adrenal-derived DHEA sulphate (DHEAS) on LS-BMD and fracture risk in women is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether circulating DHEAS is causally associated with LS-BMD and fracture risk in women. METHODS A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study using genetic predictors of serum DHEAS derived from the largest available female-specific genome wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (n = 8565). Genetic associations with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived BMD (n = 22 900) were obtained from female-specific GWAS summary statistics available from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis consortium while individual-level data of 238 565 women of white ancestry from the UK Biobank were used for associations with fractures (11 564 forearm fractures, 2604 hip fractures) and estimated heel BMD by ultrasound (eBMD). RESULTS A 1 SD genetically instrumented increase in log serum DHEAS levels was associated with a 0.21 SD increase in LS-BMD (P = 0.01) and a 0.08 SD increase in eBMD (P < 0.001). Genetically predicted DHEAS decreased forearm fracture risk (odds ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.55-0.88 per SD increase in DHEAS) while no significant causal association with hip fractures was observed. CONCLUSIONS Genetically predicted serum DHEAS increases LS-BMD and decreases forearm fracture risk in women. Based on the results of the present study and previous randomized controlled trials of DHEA treatment, we propose that both endogenous adrenal-derived DHEA(S) and pharmacological DHEA treatment improve bone health in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Quester
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: Johan Quester, MD, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Vita Stråket 11, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Nethander
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Eriksson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Miranda JP, Lardone MC, Rodríguez F, Cutler GB, Santos JL, Corvalán C, Pereira A, Mericq V. Genome-Wide Association Study and Polygenic Risk Scores of Serum DHEAS Levels in a Chilean Children Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1727-e1738. [PMID: 34748635 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenarche reflects the developmental growth of the adrenal zona reticularis, which produces increasing adrenal androgen secretion (eg, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEAS]) from approximately age 5 to 15 years. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the study of the genetic determinants associated with variations in serum DHEAS during adrenarche might detect genetic variants influencing the rate or timing of this process. METHODS Genome-wide genotyping was performed in participants of the Chilean pediatric Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study (GOCS) cohort (n = 788). We evaluated the genetic determinants of DHEAS levels at the genome-wide level and in targeted genes associated with steroidogenesis. To corroborate our findings, we evaluated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for age at pubarche, based on the discovered variants, in children from the same cohort. RESULTS We identified one significant variant at the genome-wide level in the full cohort, close to the GALR1 gene (P = 3.81 × 10-8). In addition, variants suggestive of association (P < 1 × 10-5) were observed in PRLR, PITX1, PTPRD, NR1H4, and BCL11B. Stratifying by sex, we found variants suggestive of association in SERBP1 and CAMTA1/VAMP3 for boys and near ZNF98, TRPC6, and SULT2A1 for girls. We also found significant reductions in age at pubarche in those children with higher PRS for greater DHEAS based on these newly identified variants. CONCLUSION Our results disclose one variant associated with DHEAS concentrations at the level of genome-wide association study significance, and several variants with a suggestive association that may be involved in the genetic regulation of adrenarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Patricio Miranda
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile & Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Cecilia Lardone
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - José Luis Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Schooling C. Genetic validation of neurokinin 3 receptor antagonists for ischemic heart disease prevention in men – A one-sample Mendelian randomization study. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103901. [PMID: 35231698 PMCID: PMC8885564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of mortality, particularly for men. Few interventions have focused on protecting specifically men. Emerging evidence may implicate testosterone. Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) antagonists, an existing class of drugs being considered as treatments for reproductive conditions in women, affect testosterone; this study addresses genetic validation of their use to prevent IHD in men. Methods A one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using the UK Biobank cohort study, based on independent (r2 < 0.005) genetic variants predicting testosterone in men (n = 157738) at genome wide significance in the target gene for NK3R antagonists (TACR3), was used to assess associations with IHD (cases=15056, non-cases=151964) and positive control outcomes (relative age voice broke, children fathered, hypertension) in men and a negative control outcome (IHD) in women using summary statistics. A two-sample MR study using the PRACTICAL consortium was used for the positive control outcome of prostate cancer. Findings Two relevant TACR3 genetic variants (rs116646027 and rs1351623) were identified in men. Genetically mimicked NK3R antagonists were inversely associated with IHD (odds ratio 0.54 per standard deviation lower testosterone, 95% confidence interval 0.31, 0.94) and with control outcomes (older relative age voice broke, fewer children and lower risk of hypertension and prostate cancer) as expected in men and in women (unrelated to IHD). Interpretation Genetic validation of a role of NK3R antagonists in IHD suggests their consideration as a new means of preventing IHD in men. Whether they protect against prostate cancer might bear further consideration.
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24
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Loh NY, Humphreys E, Karpe F, Tomlinson JW, Noordam R, Christodoulides C. Sex hormones, adiposity, and metabolic traits in men and women: a Mendelian randomisation study. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:407-416. [PMID: 35049520 PMCID: PMC8859921 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted important roles for sex hormones in the regulation of fat distribution and systemic metabolism. We investigated the bidirectional associations between bioavailable serum testosterone (BioT) in both sexes and oestradiol (E2) in men and adiposity and metabolic traits using Mendelian randomisation (MR). DESIGN AND METHODS As genetic instruments for sex hormones, we selected all the genome-wide significant, independent signals from a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in up to 425 097 European ancestry UK Biobank participants. European population-specific, summary-level data for adiposity, metabolic, and blood pressure traits were obtained from the largest publicly available GWAS. Sex-specific, two-sample MR analyses were used to estimate the associations of sex hormones with these traits and vice versa. RESULTS In women, higher BioT was associated with obesity, upper-body fat distribution, and low HDL-cholesterol although, based on analyses modelling the sex hormone-binding globulin-independent effects of BioT, the last two associations might be indirect. Conversely, obesity and android fat distribution were associated with elevated serum BioT. In men, higher BioT was associated with lower hip circumference and lower fasting glucose. Reciprocally, obesity was associated with lower BioT and higher E2, while upper-body fat distribution and raised triglycerides were associated with lower E2. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue and metabolic dysfunction are associated with deranged sex hormone levels in both sexes. In women, elevated BioT might be a cause of obesity. Conversely, in men, higher BioT appears to have beneficial effects on adiposity and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Y Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Humphreys
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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25
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Kwok MK, Kawachi I, Rehkopf D, Ni MY, Leung GM, Schooling CM. Relative Deprivation, Income Inequality, and Cardiovascular Health: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Studies in Hong Kong Chinese. Front Public Health 2022; 9:726617. [PMID: 35127607 PMCID: PMC8814320 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.726617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between absolute vs. relative income at the household or neighborhood level and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remain understudied in the Chinese context. Further, it is unclear whether stress biomarkers, such as cortisol, are on the pathway from income to CVD risk. We examined the associations of absolute and relative income with CVD risk observationally, as well as the mediating role of cortisol, and validated the role of cortisol using Mendelian Randomization (MR) in Hong Kong Chinese. Within Hong Kong's FAMILY Cohort, associations of absolute and relative income at both the individual and neighborhood levels with CVD risk [body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, self-reported CVD and self-reported diabetes] were examined using multilevel logistic or linear models (n = 17,607), the mediating role of cortisol using the mediation analysis (n = 1,562), and associations of genetically predicted cortisol with CVD risk using the multiplicative generalized method of moments (MGMMs) or two-stage least squares regression (n = 1,562). In our cross-sectional observational analysis, relative household income deprivation (per 1 SD, equivalent to USD 128 difference in Yitzhaki index) was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (0.47 mmHg, 95% CI 0.30–0.64), but lower BMI (−0.07 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.04), independent of absolute income. Neighborhood income inequality was generally unrelated to CVD and its risk factors, nor was absolute income at the household or neighborhood level. Cortisol did not clearly mediate the association of relative household income deprivation with systolic blood pressure. Using MR, cortisol was unrelated to CVD risk. Based on our findings, relative household income deprivation was not consistently associated with cardiovascular health in Hong Kong Chinese, nor were neighborhood income inequality and absolute income, highlighting the context-specific ways in which relative and absolute income are linked to CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ki Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Rehkopf
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Y. Ni
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabriel M. Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C. Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: C. Mary Schooling
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26
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Genetic Variation and Mendelian Randomization Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:327-342. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Liang J, Zhang B, Hu Y, Na Z, Li D. Effects of steroid hormones on lipid metabolism in sexual dimorphism: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1119154. [PMID: 36726474 PMCID: PMC9886494 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1119154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the role of steroid hormones in lipid levels has been partly discussed in the context of separate sexes, the causal relationship between steroid hormones and lipid metabolism according to sex has not been elucidated because of the limitations of observational studies. We assessed the relationship between steroid hormones and lipid metabolism in separate sexes using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS Instrumental variables for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), progesterone, estradiol, and androstenedione were selected. MR analysis was performed using inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier tests. Cochran's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis were used for sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The results showed that the three steroid hormones affected lipid metabolism and exhibited sex differences. In males, DHEAS was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (P = 0.007; P = 0.006; P = 0.041, respectively), and progesterone was negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C (P = 0.019; P = 0.038, respectively). In females, DHEAS was negatively correlated with TC (P = 0.026) and androstenedione was negatively correlated with triglycerides and apolipoprotein A (P = 0.022; P = 0.009, respectively). No statistically significant association was observed between the estradiol levels and lipid metabolism in male or female participants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified sex-specific causal networks between steroid hormones and lipid metabolism. Steroid hormones, including DHEAS, progesterone, and androstenedione, exhibited beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in both sexes; however, the specific lipid profiles affected by steroid hormones differed between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yannan Hu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhijing Na
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Da Li, ; Zhijing Na,
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Da Li, ; Zhijing Na,
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Liu P, Liu X, Wei D, Nie L, Fan K, Zhang L, Wang L, Liu X, Hou J, Yu S, Li L, Wang C, Huo W, Mao Z. Associations of serum androgens with coronary heart disease and interaction with age: The Henan Rural Cohort Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3352-3358. [PMID: 34625359 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to investigate the associations of testosterone and androstenedione with coronary heart disease, and the interaction effect of testosterone or androstenedione and age on coronary heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 6178 participants were included in this study. Serum testosterone and androstenedione were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the independent effects of testosterone and androstenedione on coronary heart disease. Interactive plots were employed to examine the interaction effects of testosterone or androstenedione with age on coronary heart disease. After adjusting for multiple variables, serum testosterone and androstenedione levels were negatively associated with coronary heart disease in males (tertile 3 vs tertile 1, odd ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.33, 0.96), and OR = 0.40, 95% CI (0.22, 0.74)). Per 1 unit increase in ln-testosterone and ln-androstenedione was associated with a 24% (OR = 0.76, 95% CI (0.63, 0.91)) and 30% (OR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.55, 0.86)) lower risk of coronary heart disease, respectively. Additionally, the positive association of age with coronary heart disease was attenuated by increasing concentrations of ln-testosterone and ln-androstenedione concentration in males. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that serum testosterone and androstenedione were negatively associated with coronary heart disease risk in Chinese rural males. To some extent, this study supports the application of hormone therapy in males with coronary heart disease, which can contribute to reducing the burden of coronary heart disease and related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Luting Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Keliang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Songcheng Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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29
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Pott J, Horn K, Zeidler R, Kirsten H, Ahnert P, Kratzsch J, Loeffler M, Isermann B, Ceglarek U, Scholz M. Sex-Specific Causal Relations between Steroid Hormones and Obesity-A Mendelian Randomization Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:738. [PMID: 34822396 PMCID: PMC8624973 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones act as important regulators of physiological processes including gene expression. They provide possible mechanistic explanations of observed sex-dimorphisms in obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we aim to unravel causal relationships between steroid hormones, obesity, and CAD in a sex-specific manner. In genome-wide meta-analyses of four steroid hormone levels and one hormone ratio, we identified 17 genome-wide significant loci of which 11 were novel. Among loci, seven were female-specific, four male-specific, and one was sex-related (stronger effects in females). As one of the loci was the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, we analyzed HLA allele counts and found four HLA subtypes linked to 17-OH-progesterone (17-OHP), including HLA-B*14*02. Using Mendelian randomization approaches with four additional hormones as exposure, we detected causal effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and 17-OHP on body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The DHEA-S effect was stronger in males. Additionally, we observed the causal effects of testosterone, estradiol, and their ratio on WHR. By mediation analysis, we found a direct sex-unspecific effect of 17-OHP on CAD while the other four hormone effects on CAD were mediated by BMI or WHR. In conclusion, we identified the sex-specific causal networks of steroid hormones, obesity-related traits, and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Pott
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Katrin Horn
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Robert Zeidler
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Berend Isermann
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
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Schmitz D, Ek WE, Berggren E, Höglund J, Karlsson T, Johansson Å. Genome-wide Association Study of Estradiol Levels and the Causal Effect of Estradiol on Bone Mineral Density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4471-e4486. [PMID: 34255042 PMCID: PMC8530739 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Estradiol is the primary female sex hormone and plays an important role for skeletal health in both sexes. Several enzymes are involved in estradiol metabolism, but few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to characterize the genetic contribution to variation in estrogen levels. OBJECTIVE Identify genetic loci affecting estradiol levels and estimate causal effect of estradiol on bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN We performed GWAS for estradiol in males (n = 147 690) and females (n = 163 985) from UK Biobank. Estradiol was analyzed as a binary phenotype above/below detection limit (175 pmol/L). We further estimated the causal effect of estradiol on BMD using Mendelian randomization. RESULTS We identified 14 independent loci associated (P < 5 × 10-8) with estradiol levels in males, of which 1 (CYP3A7) was genome-wide and 7 nominally (P < 0.05) significant in females. In addition, 1 female-specific locus was identified. Most loci contain functionally relevant genes that have not been discussed in relation to estradiol levels in previous GWAS (eg, SRD5A2, which encodes a steroid 5-alpha reductase that is involved in processing androgens, and UGT3A1 and UGT2B7, which encode enzymes likely to be involved in estradiol elimination). The allele that tags the O blood group at the ABO locus was associated with higher estradiol levels. We identified a causal effect of high estradiol levels on increased BMD in both males (P = 1.58 × 10-11) and females (P = 7.48 × 10-6). CONCLUSION Our findings further support the importance of the body's own estrogen to maintain skeletal health in males and in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schmitz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: Daniel Schmitz, MS, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail:
| | - Weronica E Ek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Berggren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Höglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torgny Karlsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Åsa Johansson, PhD, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail:
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31
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Yokomoto-Umakoshi M, Umakoshi H, Iwahashi N, Matsuda Y, Kaneko H, Ogata M, Fukumoto T, Terada E, Nakano Y, Sakamoto R, Ogawa Y. Protective Role of DHEAS in Age-related Changes in Bone Mass and Fracture Risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4580-e4592. [PMID: 34415029 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) from the adrenal cortex substantially decreases with age, which may accelerate osteoporosis. However, the association of DHEAS with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture is inconclusive. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the role of DHEAS in age-related changes in BMD and fracture risk. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum DHEAS concentrations were used as instrumental variables (4 SNPs for main analysis; 4 SNPs for men and 5 SNPs for women in sex-related analysis). Summary statistics were obtained from relevant genome-wide association studies. RESULTS A log-transformed unit (µmol/L) increase in serum DHEAS concentrations was associated with an SD increase in estimated BMD at the heel (estimate, 0.120; 95% CI, 0.081-0.158; P = 9 × 10-10), and decreased fracture (odds ratio, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.981-0.996; P = 0.005), consistent with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Their associations remained even after adjusting for height, body mass index, testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1. The association of DHEAS with fracture remained after adjusting for falls, grip strength, and physical activity but was attenuated after adjusting for BMD. The MR-Bayesian model averaging analysis showed BMD was the top mediating factor for association of DHEAS with fracture. The association between DHEAS and BMD was observed in men but not in women. CONCLUSION DHEAS was associated with increased BMD and decreased fracture. DHEAS may play a protective role in decreasing fracture risk, mainly by increasing bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hironobu Umakoshi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norifusa Iwahashi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yayoi Matsuda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ogata
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tazuru Fukumoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Terada
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yui Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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32
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Crawford AA, Bankier S, Altmaier E, Barnes CLK, Clark DW, Ermel R, Friedrich N, van der Harst P, Joshi PK, Karhunen V, Lahti J, Mahajan A, Mangino M, Nethander M, Neumann A, Pietzner M, Sukhavasi K, Wang CA, Bakker SJL, Bjorkegren JLM, Campbell H, Eriksson J, Gieger C, Hayward C, Jarvelin MR, McLachlan S, Morris AP, Ohlsson C, Pennell CE, Price J, Rudan I, Ruusalepp A, Spector T, Tiemeier H, Völzke H, Wilson JF, Michoel T, Timpson NJ, Smith GD, Walker BR. Variation in the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 locus alters morning plasma cortisol, hepatic corticosteroid binding globulin expression, gene expression in peripheral tissues, and risk of cardiovascular disease. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:625-636. [PMID: 33469137 PMCID: PMC8144017 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The stress hormone cortisol modulates fuel metabolism, cardiovascular homoeostasis, mood, inflammation and cognition. The CORtisol NETwork (CORNET) consortium previously identified a single locus associated with morning plasma cortisol. Identifying additional genetic variants that explain more of the variance in cortisol could provide new insights into cortisol biology and provide statistical power to test the causative role of cortisol in common diseases. The CORNET consortium extended its genome-wide association meta-analysis for morning plasma cortisol from 12,597 to 25,314 subjects and from ~2.2 M to ~7 M SNPs, in 17 population-based cohorts of European ancestries. We confirmed the genetic association with SERPINA6/SERPINA1. This locus contains genes encoding corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) and α1-antitrypsin. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses undertaken in the STARNET cohort of 600 individuals showed that specific genetic variants within the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 locus influence expression of SERPINA6 rather than SERPINA1 in the liver. Moreover, trans-eQTL analysis demonstrated effects on adipose tissue gene expression, suggesting that variations in CBG levels have an effect on delivery of cortisol to peripheral tissues. Two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses provided evidence that each genetically-determined standard deviation (SD) increase in morning plasma cortisol was associated with increased odds of chronic ischaemic heart disease (0.32, 95% CI 0.06-0.59) and myocardial infarction (0.21, 95% CI 0.00-0.43) in UK Biobank and similarly in CARDIoGRAMplusC4D. These findings reveal a causative pathway for CBG in determining cortisol action in peripheral tissues and thereby contributing to the aetiology of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Crawford
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sean Bankier
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Elisabeth Altmaier
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Catriona L K Barnes
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - David W Clark
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Raili Ermel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK e.V.), partner site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, PO box 30.001, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Turku Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK e.V.), partner site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan L M Bjorkegren
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Helsinki, Singapore
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jackie Price
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Spector
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioural Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Tom Michoel
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicolas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Lu Y, Yuan W, Wang L, Ning M, Han Y, Gu W, Zhao T, Shang F, Guo X. Contribution of lncRNA CASC8, CASC11, and PVT1 Genetic Variants to the Susceptibility of Coronary Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:756-766. [PMID: 34001726 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lncRNA CASC8, CASC11, and plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1). genetic variants and coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility among a Chinese Han population. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform among 464 CHD patients and 510 healthy controls. Binary logistic regression models by calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms and CHD risk. Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis was performed to analyze gene-gene interaction. PVT1 rs4410871 (OR = 0.77, P = 0.040) was associated with a reduced risk of CHD occurrence in the Chinese population. CASC11 rs9642880 (OR = 1.49, P = 0.021) was a risk factor for increased CHD susceptibility in subjects over 60 years old, and PVT1 rs4410871 was a protective factor for CHD susceptibility in males (OR = 0.67, P = 0.015) and smokers (OR = 0.62, P = 0.047). Complications (hypertension or diabetes) of CHD influenced the association between CASC8, CASC11, and PVT1 genetic polymorphisms and CHD predisposition. Moreover, CASC8, CASC11, and PVT1 polymorphisms were related to the number of pathological branches and Gensini score in CHD patients. The study displayed the contribution of CASC8, CASC11, and PVT1 genetic polymorphisms to CHD predisposition, and these variants could serve as potential biomarkers of CHD susceptibility. These findings contribute to enhancing the understanding of the role of lncRNA polymorphisms in CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiovasology, Xi'an Qinghua Hospital, Xi'an, China. ; and
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingan Ning
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Gu
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fenqing Shang
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Kwok MK, Kawachi I, Rehkopf D, Schooling CM. The role of cortisol in ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2020; 18:363. [PMID: 33243239 PMCID: PMC7694946 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortisol, a steroid hormone frequently used as a biomarker of stress, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To clarify whether cortisol causes these outcomes, we assessed the role of cortisol in ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke, T2DM, and CVD risk factors using a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly (P < 5 × 10-6) and independently (r2 < 0.001) predicting cortisol were obtained from the CORtisol NETwork (CORNET) consortium (n = 12,597) and two metabolomics genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (n = 7824 and n = 2049). They were applied to GWAS of the primary outcomes (IHD, ischemic stroke and T2DM) and secondary outcomes (adiposity, glycemic traits, blood pressure and lipids) to obtain estimates using inverse variance weighting, with weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO as sensitivity analyses. Conversely, SNPs predicting IHD, ischemic stroke, and T2DM were applied to the cortisol GWAS. RESULTS Genetically predicted cortisol (based on 6 SNPs from CORNET; F-statistic = 28.3) was not associated with IHD (odds ratio (OR) 0.98 per 1 unit increase in log-transformed cortisol, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.03), ischemic stroke (0.99, 95% CI 0.91-1.08), T2DM (1.00, 95% CI 0.96-1.04), or CVD risk factors. Genetically predicted IHD, ischemic stroke, and T2DM were not associated with cortisol. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to observational studies, genetically predicted cortisol was unrelated to IHD, ischemic stroke, T2DM, or CVD risk factors, or vice versa. Our MR results find no evidence that cortisol plays a role in cardiovascular risk, casting doubts on the cortisol-related pathway, although replication is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ki Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Rehkopf
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA.
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Scholz M, Henger S, Beutner F, Teren A, Baber R, Willenberg A, Ceglarek U, Pott J, Burkhardt R, Thiery J. Cohort Profile: The Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases–Heart Study (LIFE-Heart). Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:1439-1440h. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistic and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Henger
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistic and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Beutner
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Teren
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Baber
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Willenberg
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janne Pott
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistic and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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36
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Pott J, Beutner F, Horn K, Kirsten H, Olischer K, Wirkner K, Loeffler M, Scholz M. Genome-wide analysis of carotid plaque burden suggests a role of IL5 in men. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233728. [PMID: 32469969 PMCID: PMC7259763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid artery plaque is an established marker of subclinical atherosclerosis with pronounced sex-dimorphism. Here, we aimed to identify genetic variants associated with carotid plaque burden (CPB) and to examine potential sex-specific genetic effects on plaque sizes. METHODS AND RESULTS We defined six operationalizations of CPB considering plaques in common carotid arteries, carotid bulb, and internal carotid arteries. We performed sex-specific genome-wide association analyses for all traits in the LIFE-Adult cohort (n = 727 men and n = 550 women) and tested significantly associated loci for sex-specific effects. In order to identify causal genes, we analyzed candidate gene expression data for correlation with CPB traits and corresponding sex-specific effects. Further, we tested if previously reported SNP associations with CAD and plaque prevalence are also associated with CBP. We found seven loci with suggestive significance for CPB (p<3.33x10-7), explaining together between 6 and 13% of the CPB variance. Sex-specific analysis showed a genome-wide significant hit for men at 5q31.1 (rs201629990, β = -0.401, p = 5.22x10-9), which was not associated in women (β = -0.127, p = 0.093) with a significant difference in effect size (p = 0.008). Analyses of gene expression data suggested IL5 as the most plausible candidate, as it reflected the same sex-specific association with CPBs (p = 0.037). Known plaque prevalence or CAD loci showed no enrichment in the association with CPB. CONCLUSIONS We showed that CPB is a complementary trait in analyzing genetics of subclinical atherosclerosis. We detected a novel locus for plaque size in men only suggesting a role of IL5. Several estrogen response elements in this locus point towards a functional explanation of the observed sex-specific effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Pott
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Beutner
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Horn
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kay Olischer
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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