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Zhang HY, Wu FY, Li XS, Zhang CX, Tu PH, Yang RM, Liu XY, Cui RJ, Yang L, Wu CY, Zhang RJ, Fang Y, Sun F, Liang J, Cheng F, Song HD, Zhao SX. Genetic Screening and Functional Analysis of Thyroid Peroxidase Variants in Chinese Patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 97:353-364. [PMID: 37703865 DOI: 10.1159/000533969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the most common neonatal endocrine disorder worldwide, can be caused by variants in the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene. This study aimed to identify TPO variants in Chinese patients with CH, analyze their impact on TPO function, and establish relationships between TPO genotypes and clinical characteristics. METHODS A total of 328 patients with CH were screened for TPO variants by performing whole-exome sequencing. The function of the detected TPO variants was investigated via transfection assays in vitro. The pathogenic effect of five novel variants was further assessed in silico. RESULTS Among 328 patients with CH, 19 TPO variants, including six novel ones, were identified in 43 patients. Eighteen patients (5.5%) carried biallelic TPO variants. In vitro experiments showed that TPO activity was impaired to varying degrees in 17 variants. Furthermore, we determined that a residual TPO enzyme activity threshold of 15% may serve as a criterion for differentiating CH severity. CONCLUSIONS According to our study, the prevalence of TPO variants among Chinese patients with CH was 13.1%. Five novel variants led to impaired TPO function by altering its structure or by affecting its expression or cellular localization, which should result in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- Department of Endocrine Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao-Xu Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Hui Tu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Meng Yang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Jie Cui
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yang Wu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Jia Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Fang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Molina MF, Papendieck P, Sobrero G, Balbi VA, Belforte FS, Martínez EB, Adrover E, Olcese MC, Chiesa A, Miras MB, González VG, Pio MG, González-Sarmiento R, Targovnik HM, Rivolta CM. Mutational screening of the TPO and DUOX2 genes in Argentinian children with congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Endocrine 2022; 77:86-101. [PMID: 35507000 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disease in children and one of the preventable causes of both cognitive and motor deficits. We present a genetic and bioinformatics investigation of rational clinical design in 17 Argentine patients suspected of CH due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TDH). METHODS Next-Generation Sequencing approach was used to identify variants in Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) and Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) genes. A custom panel targeting 7 genes associated with TDH [(TPO), Iodothyrosine Deiodinase I (IYD), Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 4 (SLC26A4), Thyroglobulin (TG), DUOX2, Dual Oxidase Maturation Factor 2 (DUOXA2), Solute Carrier Family 5 Member 5 (SLC5A5)] and 4 associated with thyroid dysembryogenesis [PAX8, FOXE1, NKX2-1, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR)] has been designed. Additionally, bioinformatic analysis and structural modeling were carried out to predict the disease-causing potential variants. RESULTS Four novel variants have been identified, two in TPO: c.2749-2 A > C and c.2752_2753delAG, [p.Ser918Cysfs*62] and two variants in DUOX2 gene: c.425 C > G [p.Pro142Arg] and c.2695delC [p.Gln899Serfs*21]. Eighteen identified TPO, DUOX2 and IYD variants were previously described. We identified potentially pahogenic biallelic variants in TPO and DUOX2 in 7 and 2 patients, respectively. We also detected a potentially pathogenic monoallelic variant in TPO and DUOX2 in 7 and 1 patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS 22 variants have been identified associated with TDH. All described novel mutations occur in domains important for protein structure and function, predicting the TDH phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel F Molina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Papendieck
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Sobrero
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana A Balbi
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fiorella S Belforte
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena Bueno Martínez
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Olcese
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta B Miras
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica G González
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wang H, Wang W, Chen X, Shi H, Shi Y, Ding G. Screening and Functional Analysis of TPO Gene Mutations in a Cohort of Chinese Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:774941. [PMID: 35002963 PMCID: PMC8729100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.774941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS As a crucial enzyme in thyroid hormone synthesis, the genetic defective thyroid peroxidase (TPO) was one of the main genetic factors leading to congenital hypothyroidism (CH). METHODS Mutations in the TPO gene were screened and identified in 219 patients with CH from northwest China by using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The biological function of detected variants was studied by in vitro experiments and homology modeling. RESULTS Nineteen rare variants, including seven novel ones, were detected in 17 of 219 patients (7.8%). Most cases were detected with one single heterozygous variant, and only two patients were detected with multiple variants, i.e., compounds for (1) IVS7-1G>A, p.Ala443Val, and p.Arg769Trp and (2) p.Asn592Ser and p.Asn798Lys. The biological function of the four missense mutations (i.e., p.Ala443Val, p.Arg769Trp, p.Asn592Ser, and p.Asn798Lys) they carried were further studied. Experimental data showed that these four mutations did not affect the protein expression level of the TPO gene but remarkably reduced the peroxidase activity toward guaiacol oxidation, retaining 8-32% of activity of the wild-type protein. The comparison of the predicted 3-D structures of wild-type and mutant TPO proteins showed that these four amino acid substitutions changed the non-covalent interactions of studied residues that might alter the structure and function of the TPO protein. CONCLUSION This study was the first to analyze the TPO mutation spectrum of patients with CH in northwest China. Our data indicated that the TPO mutation was not a common reason to cause CH in China. The functional data may help to clarify the structure-function relationship of the TPO protein and provide further evidence for the elucidation of the genetic etiology of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijjuan Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Huijjuan Wang, ; Guifeng Ding,
| | - Wenxia Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Pediatrics, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Hailong Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yinmin Shi
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guifeng Ding
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Huijjuan Wang, ; Guifeng Ding,
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Zhang J, Han R, Shen L, Xie J, Xiao Y, Jiang L, Zhou W, Li H, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wang S, Ye L, Wang W. Mild TPO deficiency characterized by progressive goiter and normal serum TSH level. Endocrine 2020; 68:599-606. [PMID: 32078117 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mild thyroid peroxidase (TPO) deficiency is rare and can be extremely occult. This study aimed to replenish the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of mild TPO deficiency. METHODS Four unrelated patients with progressive goiter were described in this study. Genes associated with congenital hypothyroidism were analyzed and in vitro functional experiments were conducted to evaluate the residual TPO enzyme activities of each mutant. RESULTS The four patients (age: 5-27 years old) were characterized by progressive goiter, discordant alteration in thyroid hormones with free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) ratio ranging from 0.557 to 1.012, two with slightly elevated TSH level and two with normal TSH level. Six different mutations of TPO gene were identified including three novel mutations (p.Glu337Lys, p.Ala544Val, and p.Glu641Lysfs∗21). Two mutants (p.Asp224del and p.Ala544Val) with residual TPO activity of 41 and 65% may explain the mild TPO-deficient picture in our study. After levothyroxine (L-T4) therapy, three patients showed gradual decline of FT3 to FT4 ratio and two patients showed reduced thyroid size. CONCLUSION Patients with mild TPO deficiency can present with progressive goiter, normal TSH level, and largely reserved TPO activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Rulai Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Liyun Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Haorong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lei Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
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Yakou F, Suwanai H, Ishikawa T, Itou M, Shikuma J, Miwa T, Sakai H, Kanekura K, Narumi S, Suzuki R, Odawara M. A Novel Homozygous Mutation of Thyroid Peroxidase Gene Abolishes a Disulfide Bond Leading to Congenital Hypothyroidism. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:9132372. [PMID: 32908504 PMCID: PMC7477596 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9132372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most prevalent congenital endocrine disorder and causes mental retardation. A male Japanese patient with first cousin marriage parents was diagnosed as CH at 10 months. He was born before introduction of mass screening for CH. With continuous thyroid hormone replacement therapy, normal thyroid hormone status was maintained until adulthood. Genetic screening of next-generation sequencing was performed at the age of 52 years, and we identified a new homozygous thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene mutation (GRCh38.p13, chromosome 2 at position 1493997, c.1964 G>T, p.Cys655Phe). TPO is an important enzyme to produce thyroid hormone. As demonstrated by a homology analysis of TPO proteins among different species, cysteine 655 residue is highly conserved, suggesting an important role in maintaining TPO function and structure. An in silico study with three-dimensional structure of the novel mutation was performed and suggested that the mutation abolished disulfide bond between cysteines at positions 598 and 655. An in vitro functional analysis using HEK293 cells revealed that TPO activity of the mutant was significantly impaired compared with that of the wild type. Furthermore, study of immunohistochemistry showed that localization of TPO in cells did not differ between the wild type and the mutant. In conclusion, this single disulfide bond loss mutation of a new TPO homozygous mutation, p.Cys655Phe, reduced TPO activity and caused congenital hypothyroidism without affecting subcellular localization of TPO proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyoshi Yakou
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Suwanai
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Mariko Itou
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jumpei Shikuma
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takashi Miwa
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakai
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Odawara
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Mutation Spectrum in TPO Gene of Bangladeshi Patients with Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis and Analysis of the Effects of Different Mutations on the Structural Features and Functions of TPO Protein through In Silico Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9218903. [PMID: 30915365 PMCID: PMC6409061 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9218903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TDH) accounts for 10-20% of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the molecular etiology of TDH is unknown in Bangladesh. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is most frequently associated with TDH and the present study investigated the spectrum of TPO mutations in Bangladeshi patients and analyzed the effects of mutations on TPO protein structure through in silico approach. Sequencing-based analysis of TPO gene revealed four mutations in 36 diagnosed patients with TDH including three nonsynonymous mutations, namely, p.Ala373Ser, p.Ser398Thr, and p.Thr725Pro, and one synonymous mutation p.Pro715Pro. Homology modelling-based analysis of predicted structures of MPO-like domain (TPO142-738) and the full-length TPO protein (TPO1-933) revealed differences between mutant and wild type structures. Molecular docking studies were performed between predicted structures and heme. TPO1-933 predicted structure showed more reliable results in terms of interactions with the heme prosthetic group as the binding energies were -11.5 kcal/mol, -3.2 kcal/mol, -11.5 kcal/mol, and -7.9 kcal/mol for WT, p.Ala373Ser, p.Ser398Thr, and p.Thr725Pro, respectively, implying that p.Ala373Ser and p.Thr725Pro mutations were more damaging than p.Ser398Thr. However, for the TPO142-738 predicted structures, the binding energies were -11.9 kcal/mol, -10.8 kcal/mol, -2.5 kcal/mol, and -5.3 kcal/mol for the wild type protein, mutant proteins with p.Ala373Ser, p.Ser398Thr, and p.Thr725Pro substitutions, respectively. However, when the interactions between the crucial residues including residues His239, Arg396, Glu399, and His494 of TPO protein and heme were taken into consideration using both TPO1-933 and TPO142-738 predicted structures, it appeared that p.Ala373Ser and p.Thr725Pro could affect the interactions more severely than the p.Ser398Thr. Validation of the molecular docking results was performed by computer simulation in terms of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In conclusion, the substitutions mutations, namely, p.Ala373Ser, p.Ser398Thr, and p.Thr725Pro, had been involved in Bangladeshi patients with TDH and molecular docking-based study revealed that these mutations had damaging effect on the TPO protein activity.
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Lee CC, Harun F, Jalaludin MY, Heh CH, Othman R, Junit SM. Prevalence of c.2268dup and detection of two novel alterations, c.670_672del and c.1186C>T, in the TPO gene in a cohort of Malaysian-Chinese with thyroid dyshormonogenesis. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006121. [PMID: 25564141 PMCID: PMC4289740 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The c.2268dup mutation in the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene is the most common TPO alteration reported in Taiwanese patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis. The ancestors of these patients are believed to originate from the southern province of China. Our previous study showed that this mutation leads to reduced abundance of the TPO protein and loss of TPO enzyme activity in a Malaysian-Chinese family with goitrous hypothyroidism. The aim of our study was to provide further data on the incidence of the c.2268dup mutation in a cohort of Malaysian-Chinese and its possible phenotypic effects. SETTING Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Twelve biologically unrelated Malaysian-Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism were recruited in this study. All patients showed high thyrotropin and low free thyroxine levels at the time of diagnosis with proven presence of a thyroid gland. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Screening of the c.2268dup mutation in the TPO gene in all patients was carried out using a PCR-direct DNA sequencing method. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE Further screening for mutations in other exonic regions of the TPO gene was carried out if the patient was a carrier of the c.2268dup mutation. RESULTS The c.2268dup mutation was detected in 4 of the 12 patients. Apart from the c.2268dup and a previously documented mutation (c.2647C>T), two novel TPO alterations, c.670_672del and c.1186C>T, were also detected in our patients. In silico analyses predicted that the novel alterations affect the structure/function of the TPO protein. CONCLUSIONS The c.2268dup mutation was detected in approximately one-third of the Malaysian-Chinese patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis. The detection of the novel c.670_672del and c.1186C>T alterations expand the mutation spectrum of TPO associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chin Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Harun
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Choon Han Heh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozana Othman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sarni Mat Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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8
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Medici M, Porcu E, Pistis G, Teumer A, Brown SJ, Jensen RA, Rawal R, Roef GL, Plantinga TS, Vermeulen SH, Lahti J, Simmonds MJ, Husemoen LLN, Freathy RM, Shields BM, Pietzner D, Nagy R, Broer L, Chaker L, Korevaar TIM, Plia MG, Sala C, Völker U, Richards JB, Sweep FC, Gieger C, Corre T, Kajantie E, Thuesen B, Taes YE, Visser WE, Hattersley AT, Kratzsch J, Hamilton A, Li W, Homuth G, Lobina M, Mariotti S, Soranzo N, Cocca M, Nauck M, Spielhagen C, Ross A, Arnold A, van de Bunt M, Liyanarachchi S, Heier M, Grabe HJ, Masciullo C, Galesloot TE, Lim EM, Reischl E, Leedman PJ, Lai S, Delitala A, Bremner AP, Philips DIW, Beilby JP, Mulas A, Vocale M, Abecasis G, Forsen T, James A, Widen E, Hui J, Prokisch H, Rietzschel EE, Palotie A, Feddema P, Fletcher SJ, Schramm K, Rotter JI, Kluttig A, Radke D, Traglia M, Surdulescu GL, He H, Franklyn JA, Tiller D, Vaidya B, de Meyer T, Jørgensen T, Eriksson JG, O'Leary PC, Wichmann E, Hermus AR, Psaty BM, Ittermann T, Hofman A, Bosi E, Schlessinger D, Wallaschofski H, Pirastu N, Aulchenko YS, de la Chapelle A, Netea-Maier RT, Gough SCL, Meyer zu Schwabedissen H, Frayling TM, Kaufman JM, Linneberg A, Räikkönen K, Smit JWA, Kiemeney LA, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Walsh JP, Meisinger C, den Heijer M, Visser TJ, Spector TD, Wilson SG, Völzke H, Cappola A, Toniolo D, Sanna S, Naitza S, Peeters RP. Identification of novel genetic Loci associated with thyroid peroxidase antibodies and clinical thyroid disease. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004123. [PMID: 24586183 PMCID: PMC3937134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are common, affecting 2-5% of the general population. Individuals with positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) have an increased risk of autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), as well as autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). As the possible causative genes of TPOAbs and AITD remain largely unknown, we performed GWAS meta-analyses in 18,297 individuals for TPOAb-positivity (1769 TPOAb-positives and 16,528 TPOAb-negatives) and in 12,353 individuals for TPOAb serum levels, with replication in 8,990 individuals. Significant associations (P<5×10(-8)) were detected at TPO-rs11675434, ATXN2-rs653178, and BACH2-rs10944479 for TPOAb-positivity, and at TPO-rs11675434, MAGI3-rs1230666, and KALRN-rs2010099 for TPOAb levels. Individual and combined effects (genetic risk scores) of these variants on (subclinical) hypo- and hyperthyroidism, goiter and thyroid cancer were studied. Individuals with a high genetic risk score had, besides an increased risk of TPOAb-positivity (OR: 2.18, 95% CI 1.68-2.81, P = 8.1×10(-8)), a higher risk of increased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (OR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.26-1.82, P = 2.9×10(-6)), as well as a decreased risk of goiter (OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.89, P = 6.5×10(-4)). The MAGI3 and BACH2 variants were associated with an increased risk of hyperthyroidism, which was replicated in an independent cohort of patients with Graves' disease (OR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.54, P = 1.2×10(-7) and OR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.39, P = 6.2×10(-5)). The MAGI3 variant was also associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism (OR: 1.57, 95% CI 1.18-2.10, P = 1.9×10(-3)). This first GWAS meta-analysis for TPOAbs identified five newly associated loci, three of which were also associated with clinical thyroid disease. With these markers we identified a large subgroup in the general population with a substantially increased risk of TPOAbs. The results provide insight into why individuals with thyroid autoimmunity do or do not eventually develop thyroid disease, and these markers may therefore predict which TPOAb-positives are particularly at risk of developing clinical thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Suzanne J. Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard A. Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Institute for Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Greet L. Roef
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ghent and Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Theo S. Plantinga
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew J. Simmonds
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lise Lotte N. Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, the Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Beverley M. Shields
- Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Pietzner
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rebecca Nagy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim I. M. Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Grazia Plia
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fred C. Sweep
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute for Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Betina Thuesen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, the Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Youri E. Taes
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ghent and Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W. Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew T. Hattersley
- Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Monia Lobina
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christin Spielhagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alec Ross
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Margit Heier
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Corrado Masciullo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tessel E. Galesloot
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ee M. Lim
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Leedman
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Lai
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Alexandra P. Bremner
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David I. W. Philips
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Beilby
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matteo Vocale
- High Performance Computing and Network, CRS4, Parco Tecnologico della Sardegna, Pula, Italy
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tom Forsen
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Vaasa Health Care Centre, Diabetes Unit, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Alan James
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennie Hui
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst E. Rietzschel
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ghent and Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Katharina Schramm
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dörte Radke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriela L. Surdulescu
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huiling He
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jayne A. Franklyn
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Univeristy of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Tiller
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bijay Vaidya
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Vascular Health Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tim de Meyer
- BIOBIX Lab. for Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Dept. of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, the Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - Peter C. O'Leary
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eric Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ad R. Hermus
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Henri Wallaschofski
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yurii S. Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Romana T. Netea-Maier
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen C. L. Gough
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Kaufman
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ghent and Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, the Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes W. A. Smit
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John P. Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Scott G. Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Cappola
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics-CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Naitza
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Robin P. Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lee CC, Harun F, Jalaludin MY, Heh CH, Othman R, Mat Junit S. A Novel, Homozygous c.1502T>G (p.Val501Gly) Mutation in the Thyroid peroxidase Gene in Malaysian Sisters with Congenital Hypothyroidism and Multinodular Goiter. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:987186. [PMID: 23737781 PMCID: PMC3657457 DOI: 10.1155/2013/987186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with multinodular goiter (MNG) is uncommonly seen in children. However, CH associated with goiter is often caused by defective Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene. In this study, we screened for mutation(s) in the TPO gene in two siblings with CH and MNG and their healthy family members. The two sisters, born to consanguineous parents, were diagnosed with CH during infancy and received treatment since then. They developed MNG during childhood despite adequate L-thyroxine replacement and negative thyroid antibody screening. PCR-amplification of all exons using flanking primers followed by DNA sequencing revealed that the two sisters were homozygous for a novel c.1502T>G mutation. The mutation is predicted to substitute valine for glycine at a highly conserved amino acid residue 501 (p.Val501Gly). Other healthy family members were either heterozygotes or mutation-free. The mutation was not detected in 50 healthy unrelated individuals. In silico analyses using PolyPhen-2 and SIFT predicted that the p.Val501Gly mutation is functionally "damaging." Tertiary modeling showed structural alterations in the active site of the mutant TPO. In conclusion, a novel mutation, p.Val501Gly, in the TPO gene was detected expanding the mutation spectrum of TPO associated with CH and MNG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chin Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Harun
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon Han Heh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozana Othman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sarni Mat Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Sarni Mat Junit:
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10
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Al-Faisal AHM, Al-Ramahi IJ, Abudl-Hassan IA, Hamdan AT, Barusrux S. Detection of heterozygous c.1708C>T and c.1978C>G thyroid peroxidase (TPO) mutations in Iraqi patients with toxic and nontoxic goiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:69-75. [PMID: 24482635 PMCID: PMC3890059 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-three Arabic patients (16 males and 47 females) with thyroid toxic and nontoxic goiter who attended the endocrinologist in Nuclear Medicine Hospital and Al Yarmok Nuclear Medicine Department in Baghdad, Iraq were examined for thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene mutations. A total of ten heterozygous mutations have been identified in the human TPO gene associated with thyroid toxic and nontoxic goiter. These mutations involved transition or transversion of cysteine either by thymine or guanine at the position 1708 of the exon 10 (c.1708C>T) and the position 1978 of the exon 11 (c.1978C>G). From a total of ten detected mutations, two c.1978C>G mutations were detected in nontoxic goiter patients and eight (two c.1708C>T and six c.1978C>G mutations) were detected in toxic goiter. In conclusion, this study identified ten TPO mutations associated with toxic and nontoxic goiter that have not been yet reported in Iraq, and most of them are detected among females (90 %) and adults age between 30 and 50 years old (80 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Al-Faisal
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute (GEBI), Baghdad, Iraq
| | - I J Al-Ramahi
- Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Al-Razi Centre for Medical Diagnostic kits Production, Ministry of Industry, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - I A Abudl-Hassan
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute (GEBI), Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A T Hamdan
- Medical College, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - S Barusrux
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
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11
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Rastogi MV, LaFranchi SH. Congenital hypothyroidism. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010; 5:17. [PMID: 20537182 PMCID: PMC2903524 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs in approximately 1:2,000 to 1:4,000 newborns. The clinical manifestations are often subtle or not present at birth. This likely is due to trans-placental passage of some maternal thyroid hormone, while many infants have some thyroid production of their own. Common symptoms include decreased activity and increased sleep, feeding difficulty, constipation, and prolonged jaundice. On examination, common signs include myxedematous facies, large fontanels, macroglossia, a distended abdomen with umbilical hernia, and hypotonia. CH is classified into permanent and transient forms, which in turn can be divided into primary, secondary, or peripheral etiologies. Thyroid dysgenesis accounts for 85% of permanent, primary CH, while inborn errors of thyroid hormone biosynthesis (dyshormonogeneses) account for 10-15% of cases. Secondary or central CH may occur with isolated TSH deficiency, but more commonly it is associated with congenital hypopitiutarism. Transient CH most commonly occurs in preterm infants born in areas of endemic iodine deficiency. In countries with newborn screening programs in place, infants with CH are diagnosed after detection by screening tests. The diagnosis should be confirmed by finding an elevated serum TSH and low T4 or free T4 level. Other diagnostic tests, such as thyroid radionuclide uptake and scan, thyroid sonography, or serum thyroglobulin determination may help pinpoint the underlying etiology, although treatment may be started without these tests. Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice; the recommended starting dose is 10 to 15 mcg/kg/day. The immediate goals of treatment are to rapidly raise the serum T4 above 130 nmol/L (10 ug/dL) and normalize serum TSH levels. Frequent laboratory monitoring in infancy is essential to ensure optimal neurocognitive outcome. Serum TSH and free T4 should be measured every 1-2 months in the first 6 months of life and every 3-4 months thereafter. In general, the prognosis of infants detected by screening and started on treatment early is excellent, with IQs similar to sibling or classmate controls. Studies show that a lower neurocognitive outcome may occur in those infants started at a later age (> 30 days of age), on lower l-thyroxine doses than currently recommended, and in those infants with more severe hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maynika V Rastogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Oregon Health & Science University, 707 SW Gaines Street, Portland, OR, USA
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Turkkahraman D, Alper OM, Pehlivanoglu S, Aydin F, Yildiz A, Luleci G, Akcurin S, Bircan I. Analysis of TPO gene in Turkish children with iodide organification defect: identification of a novel mutation. Endocrine 2010; 37:124-8. [PMID: 20963560 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine molecular genetic analysis of the TPO gene in Turkish children with iodide organification defect (IOD). Patients with a diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism were evaluated. Subjects having a definite diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid gland dysplasia and, or iodine deficiency were excluded. A total of 10 patients from nine unrelated Turkish families, with an unknown etiology of hypothyroidism, and with a presumptive diagnosis of IOD were included in the study. A perchlorate discharge test (PDT) was performed to all subjects, and sequence analysis of TPO gene was applied in patients with a positive PDT. Five out of 10 patients have a total IOD, while the five remaining patients have a partial IOD according to PDT results. In two sisters, one has a partial and the other one has a total IOD a novel homozygous nonsense p.Q315X mutation was found in exon 8. Additionally, a previously known homozygous missense p.R314W mutation was detected in the same exon in another patient with a total IOD. No TPO gene mutation was detected in any of the seven remaining patients. Two different TPO gene mutations were found to be responsible for IOD in two unrelated Turkish families from the same ethnic background. More subjects should be screened for detecting the prevalence and spectrum profile of TPO mutations in our population that might be helpful for understanding the pathophysiology of congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doga Turkkahraman
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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The phylogeny of the mammalian heme peroxidases and the evolution of their diverse functions. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:101. [PMID: 18371223 PMCID: PMC2315650 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian heme peroxidases (MHPs) are a medically important group of enzymes. Included in this group are myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, and thyroid peroxidase. These enzymes are associated with such diverse diseases as asthma, Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory vascular disease. Despite much effort to elucidate a clearer understanding of the function of the 4 major groups of this multigene family, we still do not have a clear understanding of their relationships to each other. RESULTS Sufficient signal exists for the resolution of the evolutionary relationships of this family of enzymes. We demonstrate, using a root mean squared deviation statistic, how the removal of the fastest evolving sites aids in the minimisation of the effect of long branch attraction and the generation of a highly supported phylogeny. Based on this phylogeny we have pinpointed the amino acid positions that have most likely contributed to the diverse functions of these enzymes. Many of these residues are in close proximity to sites implicated in protein misfolding, loss of function or disease. CONCLUSION Our analysis of all available genomic sequence data for the MHPs from all available completed mammalian genomes, involved sophisticated methods of phylogeny reconstruction and data treatment. Our study has (i) fully resolved the phylogeny of the MHPs and the subsequent pattern of gene duplication, and (ii), we have detected amino acids under positive selection that have most likely contributed to the observed functional shifts in each type of MHP.
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Blasey HD, Brethon B, Hovius R, Vogel H H, Tairi AP, Lundström K, Rey L, Bernard AR. Large scale transient 5-HT3 receptor production with the Semliki Forest Virus Expression System. Cytotechnology 2000; 32:199-208. [PMID: 19002981 PMCID: PMC3449892 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008192709549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of recombinant proteins with the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) system has been scaled up to bioreactor scale. As a model protein for this study the human 5-HT(3) receptor was chosen. The gene for the receptor was subcloned into the SFV expression plasmid pSFV1. Virus production by in vivo packaging and production of the recombinant protein was scaled up, the latter to a reactor volume of 11.5 l. A Vibromix(TM) agitation system was chosen to overcome aggregation problems of BHK cells in suspension. In the process, cells were first grown to a density of 10(6) cells/ml, the medium was then exchanged with fresh medium and the culture was infected with the recombinant virus at an estimated multiplicity of infection of 30. 24 h post infection we measured an expression level of 3 million functional 5-HT(3) receptors per cell. For harvesting, the cells were pelleted by centrifugation. The receptor protein was purified in a single step (Hovius et al., 1998) by exploiting the hexa-His tag at minimal protein loss (51% yield). Experiments to optimise expression resulted in yields up to 8 million receptors per cell, when the pH of a suspension culture was controlled at pH 7.3. Rapid virus generation and protein production, high protein yields as well as successful large scale application have made the SFV expression system attractive to produce large quantities of recombinant protein in a very short time. After optimisation of the expression conditions (in particular by setting the pH at 7.3), yields were increased twofold.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Blasey
- Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 14 Chemin des Aulx, CH-1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland,
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