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Eachus H, Oberski L, Paveley J, Bacila I, Ashton JP, Esposito U, Seifuddin F, Pirooznia M, Elhaik E, Placzek M, Krone NP, Cunliffe VT. Glucocorticoid receptor regulates protein chaperone, circadian clock and affective disorder genes in the zebrafish brain. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050141. [PMID: 37525888 PMCID: PMC10565112 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid resistance is commonly observed in depression, and has been linked to reduced expression and/or function of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1 in human, hereafter referred to as GR). Previous studies have shown that GR-mutant zebrafish exhibit behavioural abnormalities that are indicative of an affective disorder, suggesting that GR plays a role in brain function. We compared the brain methylomes and brain transcriptomes of adult wild-type and GR-mutant zebrafish, and identified 249 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that are regulated by GR. These include a cluster of CpG sites within the first intron of fkbp5, the gene encoding the glucocorticoid-inducible heat shock protein co-chaperone Fkbp5. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that genes associated with chaperone-mediated protein folding, the regulation of circadian rhythm and the regulation of metabolism are particularly sensitive to loss of GR function. In addition, we identified subsets of genes exhibiting GR-regulated transcription that are known to regulate behaviour, and are linked to unipolar depression and anxiety. Taken together, our results identify key biological processes and novel molecular mechanisms through which the GR is likely to mediate responses to stress in the adult zebrafish brain, and they provide further support for the zebrafish GR mutant as a model for the study of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Eachus
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lara Oberski
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jack Paveley
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Irina Bacila
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - John-Paul Ashton
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Umberto Esposito
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Fayaz Seifuddin
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 12, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 12, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eran Elhaik
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marysia Placzek
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nils P. Krone
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vincent T. Cunliffe
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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2
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Cao RC, Yang WJ, Xiao W, Zhou L, Tan JH, Wang M, Zhou ZT, Chen HJ, Xu J, Chen XM, Jin YC, Lin JY, Zeng JL, Li SJ, Luo M, Hu GD, Jin J, Yang XB, Huo D, Zhou J, Zhang GW. St13 protects against disordered acinar cell arachidonic acid pathway in chronic pancreatitis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:218. [PMID: 35562743 PMCID: PMC9103046 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) are limited. In this study, St13, a co-chaperone protein, was investigated whether it constituted a novel regulatory target in CP. Meanwhile, we evaluated the value of micro-PET/CT in the early diagnosis of CP. METHODS Data from healthy control individuals and patients with alcoholic CP (ACP) or non-ACP (nACP) were analysed. PRSS1 transgenic mice (PRSS1Tg) were treated with ethanol or caerulein to mimic the development of ACP or nACP, respectively. Pancreatic lipid metabolite profiling was performed in human and PRSS1Tg model mice. The potential functions of St13 were investigated by crossing PRSS1Tg mice with St13-/- mice via immunoprecipitation and lipid metabolomics. Micro-PET/CT was performed to evaluate pancreatic morphology and fibrosis in CP model. RESULTS The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway ranked the most commonly dysregulated lipid pathway in ACP and nACP in human and mice. Knockout of St13 exacerbated fatty replacement and fibrosis in CP model. Sdf2l1 was identified as a binding partner of St13 as it stabilizes the IRE1α-XBP1s signalling pathway, which regulates COX-2, an important component in AA metabolism. Micro-PET/CT with 68Ga-FAPI-04 was useful for evaluating pancreatic morphology and fibrosis in CP model mice 2 weeks after modelling. CONCLUSION St13 is functionally activated in acinar cells and protects against the cellular characteristics of CP by binding Sdf2l1, regulating AA pathway. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may be a very valuable approach for the early diagnosis of CP. These findings thus provide novel insights into both diagnosis and treatment of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-chang Cao
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan-jun Yang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiao
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-hui Tan
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Zhi-tao Zhou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of the Electronic Microscope Room, Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Huo-ji Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jia Xu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xue-mei Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yang-chen Jin
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jia-yu Lin
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jun-ling Zeng
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Laboratory Animal Research Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Shu-ji Li
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Min Luo
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Guo-dong Hu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Respiratory and Crit Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jin Jin
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xiao-bing Yang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDivision of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Institute, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Da Huo
- grid.412631.3Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Teaching Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 China
| | - Jie Zhou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-wei Zhang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 People’s Republic of China
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3
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Lang BJ, Prince TL, Okusha Y, Bunch H, Calderwood SK. Heat shock proteins in cell signaling and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119187. [PMID: 34906617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and their co-chaperones have well-established roles in regulating proteostasis within the cell, the nature of which continues to emerge with further study. To date, HSPs have been shown to be integral to protein folding and re-folding, protein transport, avoidance of protein aggregation, and modulation of protein degradation. Many cell signaling events are mediated by the chemical modification of proteins post-translationally that can alter protein conformation and activity, although it is not yet known whether the changes in protein conformation induced by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are also dependent upon HSPs and their co-chaperones for subsequent protein re-folding. We discuss what is known regarding roles for HSPs and other molecular chaperones in cell signaling events with a focus on oncogenic signaling. We also propose a hypothesis by which Hsp70 and Hsp90 may co-operate to facilitate cell signaling events that may link PTMs with the cellular protein folding machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas L Prince
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Ranok Therapeutics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Heeyoun Bunch
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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4
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Nitika, Porter CM, Truman AW, Truttmann MC. Post-translational modifications of Hsp70 family proteins: Expanding the chaperone code. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10689-10708. [PMID: 32518165 PMCID: PMC7397107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must be able to cope with the challenge of folding newly synthesized proteins and refolding those that have become misfolded in the context of a crowded cytosol. One such coping mechanism that has appeared during evolution is the expression of well-conserved molecular chaperones, such as those that are part of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of proteins that bind and fold a large proportion of the proteome. Although Hsp70 family chaperones have been extensively examined for the last 50 years, most studies have focused on regulation of Hsp70 activities by altered transcription, co-chaperone "helper" proteins, and ATP binding and hydrolysis. The rise of modern proteomics has uncovered a vast array of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on Hsp70 family proteins that include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, AMPylation, and ADP-ribosylation. Similarly to the pattern of histone modifications, the histone code, this complex pattern of chaperone PTMs is now known as the "chaperone code." In this review, we discuss the history of the Hsp70 chaperone code, its currently understood regulation and functions, and thoughts on what the future of research into the chaperone code may entail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Corey M Porter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthias C Truttmann
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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5
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Mercier R, Wolmarans A, Schubert J, Neuweiler H, Johnson JL, LaPointe P. The conserved NxNNWHW motif in Aha-type co-chaperones modulates the kinetics of Hsp90 ATPase stimulation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1273. [PMID: 30894538 PMCID: PMC6426937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a dimeric molecular chaperone that is essential for the folding and activation of hundreds of client proteins. Co-chaperone proteins regulate the ATP-driven Hsp90 client activation cycle. Aha-type co-chaperones are the most potent stimulators of the Hsp90 ATPase activity but the relationship between ATPase regulation and in vivo activity is poorly understood. We report here that the most strongly conserved region of Aha-type co-chaperones, the N terminal NxNNWHW motif, modulates the apparent affinity of Hsp90 for nucleotide substrates. The ability of yeast Aha-type co-chaperones to act in vivo is ablated when the N terminal NxNNWHW motif is removed. This work suggests that nucleotide exchange during the Hsp90 functional cycle may be more important than rate of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mercier
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Annemarie Wolmarans
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Schubert
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Hannes Neuweiler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Jill L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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6
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Yan Y, Rato C, Rohland L, Preissler S, Ron D. MANF antagonizes nucleotide exchange by the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP. Nat Commun 2019; 10:541. [PMID: 30710085 PMCID: PMC6358605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its known role as a secreted neuroprotectant, much of the mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of producer cells. There, by unknown mechanisms, MANF plays a role in protein folding homeostasis in complex with the ER-localized Hsp70 chaperone BiP. Here we report that the SAF-A/B, Acinus, and PIAS (SAP) domain of MANF selectively associates with the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of ADP-bound BiP. In crystal structures the SAP domain engages the cleft between NBD subdomains Ia and IIa, stabilizing the ADP-bound conformation and clashing with the interdomain linker that occupies this site in ATP-bound BiP. MANF inhibits both ADP release from BiP and ATP binding to BiP, and thereby client release. Cells lacking MANF have fewer ER stress-induced BiP-containing high molecular weight complexes. These findings suggest that MANF contributes to protein folding homeostasis as a nucleotide exchange inhibitor that stabilizes certain BiP-client complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Yan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Claudia Rato
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lukas Rohland
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Preissler
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - David Ron
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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7
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Fang L, Lee HC, Zhao YJ. A cytosolic chaperone complex controls folding and degradation of type III CD38. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4247-4258. [PMID: 30670591 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is the best-studied enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of the Ca2+ messenger cyclic ADP-ribose. It is a single-pass transmembrane protein, but possesses dual orientations. We have documented the natural existence of type III CD38 in cells and shown that it is regulated by a cytosolic activator, calcium- and integrin-binding 1 (CIB1). However, how type III CD38 can be folded correctly in the reductive cytosol has not been addressed. Using the yeast two-hybrid technique with CD38's catalytic domain (sCD38) as bait, here we identified a chaperone, Hsp70-interacting protein (Hip), that specifically interacts with both the type III CD38 and sCD38. Immunoprecipitation coupled with MS identified a chaperone complex associated specifically with sCD38. Pharmacological and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Hsp90 chaperones decreased the expression levels of both sCD38 and type III CD38, suggesting that these chaperones facilitate their folding. Moreover, knockdown of Hsc70 or DNAJA2 increased the levels of both CD38 types, consistent with the roles of these proteins in mediating CD38 degradation. Notably, Hip knockdown decreased type III CD38 substantially, but only marginally affected sCD38, indicating that Hip was selective for the former. More remarkably, DNAJA1 knockdown decreased sCD38 but increased type III CD38 levels. Mechanistically, we show that Hsc70 mediates lysosomal degradation of type III CD38, requiring the lysosomal receptor Lamp2A and the C19-motif in the C terminus of CD38. Our results indicate that folding and degradation of type III CD38 is effectively controlled in cells, providing further strong support of its physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055 and
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210093
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210093
| | - Hon Cheung Lee
- From the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055 and
| | - Yong Juan Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055 and
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8
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Sun F, Jiang X, Wang X, Bao Y, Feng G, Liu H, Kou X, Zhu Q, Jiang L, Yang Y. Vincristine ablation of Sirt2 induces cell apoptosis and mitophagy via Hsp70 acetylation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 162:142-153. [PMID: 30352233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are continuously challenged by adverse environmental stress and adopt diverse strategies to survive. Hsp70 plays pivotal roles in invasion, migration, drug resistance, and the survival of tumor cells. Hsp70 functions as molecular chaperone to protect tumor cells from stress-induced cell death. Hsp70 acetylation alters its chaperone activity in cell death pathways, but its relevance in the process of cell death and the underlying mechanisms involved are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that vincristine induces mitophagy via the disruption of Hsp70 binding with Sirt2, leading to Hsp70 acetylation at K126 and elevated sequestration of Bcl2 by Hsp70 for autophagosome creation. Acetylation at K126 significantly changes the physiological function of Hsp70 compared to acetylation at other sites. It also attenuates the protein folding and renaturation function of Hsp70 by altering the binding co-chaperones. In addition, acetylation at K126 inhibits Hsp70-mediated tumor cell invasion and migration, and the binding of Hsp70 to AIF1 and Apaf1 for promoting mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, this study describes the molecular mechanism of vincristine induction of cell apoptosis and mitophagy via ablation of Sirt2 induced Hsp70 acetylation at K126 in MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Bao
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guize Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinhui Kou
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Yonghua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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9
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Fries GR, Gassen NC, Rein T. The FKBP51 Glucocorticoid Receptor Co-Chaperone: Regulation, Function, and Implications in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122614. [PMID: 29206196 PMCID: PMC5751217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the chaperones and co-chaperones regulating the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), FK506 binding protein (FKBP) 51 is the most intensely investigated across different disciplines. This review provides an update on the role of the different co-chaperones of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the regulation of GR function. The development leading to the focus on FKBP51 is outlined. Further, a survey of the vast literature on the mechanism and function of FKBP51 is provided. This includes its structure and biochemical function, its regulation on different levels—transcription, post-transcription, and post-translation—and its function in signaling pathways. The evidence portraying FKBP51 as a scaffolding protein organizing protein complexes rather than a chaperone contributing to the folding of individual proteins is collated. Finally, FKBP51’s involvement in physiology and disease is outlined, and the promising efforts in developing drugs targeting FKBP51 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Department of Translational Science in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Science in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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10
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He Y, Fang J, Xue L, Wu J, Dawar FU, Mei J. Potential contributions of heat shock proteins and related genes in sexual differentiation in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:465-475. [PMID: 28243861 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex determination and differentiation in ectotherms are very complicated affairs and usually affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Because of their temperature-sensitive expression, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are good candidates for temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Similar to most thermosensitive fish species, the male to female ratio increases with temperature in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Yellow catfish is also a type of sexual size dimorphic fish, and the male individuals grow much faster than females of the same age. Therefore, research of sex differentiation in yellow catfish is important in aquiculture. In this attempt, a total of seven HSPs and related genes were identified from transcriptomes of yellow catfish by 454 pyrosequencing and Solexa sequencing that we did previously, including five genes with complete open reading frame (ORF). Phylogenetically, all these genes were compared with their counterparts from other vertebrates. All these genes were sex-biased expressed in gonads. Hspa5, Hip, and Cdc37 were expressed more highly in ovary than in testis, whereas Hsp90α, Hspb2, Hspb8, and Hspbp1 were expressed more highly in testis than in ovary. Additionally, the expression of these genes was assessed after 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) treatment, respectively. Our result showed that working as co-chaperones, these HSPs and related genes may regulate sex steroid receptor activities to influence gonad development in yellow catfish. Our work would help in the understanding of the mechanism of sexual differentiation in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jie Fang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liyao Xue
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Farman Ullah Dawar
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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11
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Modular transcriptional repertoire and MicroRNA target analyses characterize genomic dysregulation in the thymus of Down syndrome infants. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7497-533. [PMID: 26848775 PMCID: PMC4884935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21-driven transcriptional alterations in human thymus were characterized through gene coexpression network (GCN) and miRNA-target analyses. We used whole thymic tissue--obtained at heart surgery from Down syndrome (DS) and karyotipically normal subjects (CT)--and a network-based approach for GCN analysis that allows the identification of modular transcriptional repertoires (communities) and the interactions between all the system's constituents through community detection. Changes in the degree of connections observed for hierarchically important hubs/genes in CT and DS networks corresponded to community changes. Distinct communities of highly interconnected genes were topologically identified in these networks. The role of miRNAs in modulating the expression of highly connected genes in CT and DS was revealed through miRNA-target analysis. Trisomy 21 gene dysregulation in thymus may be depicted as the breakdown and altered reorganization of transcriptional modules. Leading networks acting in normal or disease states were identified. CT networks would depict the "canonical" way of thymus functioning. Conversely, DS networks represent a "non-canonical" way, i.e., thymic tissue adaptation under trisomy 21 genomic dysregulation. This adaptation is probably driven by epigenetic mechanisms acting at chromatin level and through the miRNA control of transcriptional programs involving the networks' high-hierarchy genes.
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12
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Wang AL, Tantisira KG. Personalized management of asthma exacerbations: lessons from genetic studies. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2016; 1:487-495. [PMID: 29051920 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2016.1269600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genetics of severe asthma and asthma exacerbations are distinct from milder forms of asthma. Gene-environmental interactions contribute to the complexity and heterogeneity of severe asthma and asthma exacerbations, and pharmacogenomic studies have also identified genes that affect susceptibility to asthma exacerbations. AREAS COVERED Studies on the genetics, gene-environment interactions, and pharmacogenomics of asthma exacerbations are reviewed. Multiple individual genetic variants have been identified to be associated with asthma exacerbations but each genetic polymorphism explains only a fraction of the disease and by itself is not able to translate into clinical practice. Research is shifting from candidate gene studies and genome wide association studies towards more integrative approaches to translate genetic findings into clinical diagnostic and therapeutic tools. EXPERT COMMENTARY Integrative approaches combining polygenic or genomic data with multi-omics technologies have the potential to discover new biologic mechanisms and biomarkers for severe asthma and asthma exacerbations. Greater understanding of genomics and underlying biologic pathways will also lead to improved prevention and treatment, lowering costs, morbidity, and mortality. The utilization of genomic testing and personalized medicine may revolutionize asthma management, in particular for patients with severe, refractory asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta L Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kelan G Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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13
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Beck KR, Sommer TJ, Schuster D, Odermatt A. Evaluation of tetrabromobisphenol A effects on human glucocorticoid and androgen receptors: A comparison of results from human- with yeast-based in vitro assays. Toxicology 2016; 370:70-77. [PMID: 27693315 PMCID: PMC6828555 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of immune-related diseases increased over the last years in industrialized countries, suggesting a contribution of environmental factors. Impaired glucocorticoid action has been associated with immune disorders. Thus, there is an increasing interest to identify chemicals disrupting glucocorticoid action. The widely used flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was reported earlier to potently inhibit glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and moderately androgen receptor (AR) activity in yeast-based reporter gene assays. To further characterize possible GR disrupting effects of TBBPA, transactivation experiments using a human HEK-293 cell-based reporter gene assay and cell-free receptor binding experiments were performed in the present study. Both, transactivation and GR binding experiments failed to detect any activity of TBBPA on GR function. Molecular docking calculations supported this observation. Additionally, the current study could confirm the antiandrogenic activity of TBBPA seen in the yeast assay, although the effect was an order of magnitude less pronounced in the HEK-293 cell-based system. In conclusion, TBBPA does not directly affect GR function and, considering its rapid metabolism and low concentrations found in humans, it is unlikely to cause adverse effects by acting through AR. This study emphasizes the use of cell-free assays in combination with cell-based assays for the in vitro evaluation of endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina R Beck
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja J Sommer
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Computer Aided Molecular Design Group, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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14
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The Interactome of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Its Influence on the Actions of Glucocorticoids in Combatting Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:495-522. [PMID: 27169854 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00064-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used for decades as a first-line treatment for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, their use is often hampered by the onset of adverse effects or resistance. GCs mediate their effects via binding to glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor belonging to the family of nuclear receptors. An important aspect of GR's actions, including its anti-inflammatory capacity, involves its interactions with various proteins, such as transcription factors, cofactors, and modifying enzymes, which codetermine receptor functionality. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of GR that positively or negatively affect its anti-inflammatory properties, along with mechanistic insights, if known. Emphasis is placed on the interactions that affect its anti-inflammatory effects in the presence of inflammatory and microbial diseases.
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15
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Vijverberg SJH, Koster ES, Tavendale R, Leusink M, Koenderman L, Raaijmakers JAM, Postma DS, Koppelman GH, Turner SW, Mukhopadhyay S, Tse SM, Tantisira KG, Hawcutt DB, Francis B, Pirmohamed M, Pino-Yanes M, Eng C, Burchard EG, Palmer CNA, Maitland-van der Zee AH. ST13 polymorphisms and their effect on exacerbations in steroid-treated asthmatic children and young adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1051-9. [PMID: 25616159 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes. This study aimed to relate variations in genes in the steroid pathway and asthma susceptibility genes to exacerbations in children and young adults treated with ICS. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of three cohort studies: Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Medication in Children: Medication with Anti-Inflammatory effects (n = 357, age: 4-12 years, the Netherlands), BREATHE (n = 820, age: 3-22 years, UK) and Paediatric Asthma Gene Environment Study (n = 391, age: 2-16 years, UK). Seventeen genes were selected based on a role in the glucocorticoid signalling pathway or a reported association with asthma. Two outcome parameters were used to reflect exacerbations: hospital visits and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use in the previous year. The most significant associations were tested in three independent validation cohorts; the Childhood Asthma Management Programme (clinical trial, n = 172, age: 5-12 years, USA), the Genes- environment and Mixture in Latino Americans II- study (n = 745, age: 8-21, USA) and the Pharmacogenetics of adrenal suppression cohort (n = 391, age: 5-18, UK) to test the robustness of the findings. Finally, all results were meta-analysed. RESULTS Two SNPs in ST13 (rs138335 and rs138337), but not in the other genes, were associated at a nominal level with an increased risk of exacerbations in asthmatics using ICS in the three cohorts studied. In a meta-analysis of all six studies, ST13 rs138335 remained associated with an increased risk of asthma-related hospital visits and OCS use in the previous year; OR = 1.22 (P = 0.013) and OR = 1.22 (P = 0.0017), respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A novel susceptibility gene, ST13, coding for a cochaperone of the glucocorticoid receptor, is associated with exacerbations in asthmatic children and young adults despite their ICS use. Genetic variation in the glucocorticoid signalling pathway may contribute to the interindividual variability in clinical response to ICS treatment in children and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J H Vijverberg
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E S Koster
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Tavendale
- Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - M Leusink
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A M Raaijmakers
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D S Postma
- Department of Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G H Koppelman
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S W Turner
- Department of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Mukhopadhyay
- Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Academic Department of Paediatrics, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - S M Tse
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Sainte- Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - K G Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D B Hawcutt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Francis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Pino-Yanes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C N A Palmer
- Population Pharmacogenetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A H Maitland-van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Bracher A, Verghese J. The nucleotide exchange factors of Hsp70 molecular chaperones. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:10. [PMID: 26913285 PMCID: PMC4753570 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones of the Hsp70 family form an important hub in the cellular protein folding networks in bacteria and eukaryotes, connecting translation with the downstream machineries of protein folding and degradation. The Hsp70 folding cycle is driven by two types of cochaperones: J-domain proteins stimulate ATP hydrolysis by Hsp70, while nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) promote replacement of Hsp70-bound ADP with ATP. Bacteria and organelles of bacterial origin have only one known NEF type for Hsp70, GrpE. In contrast, a large diversity of Hsp70 NEFs has been discovered in the eukaryotic cell. These NEFs belong to the Hsp110/Grp170, HspBP1/Sil1, and BAG domain protein families. In this short review we compare the structures and molecular mechanisms of nucleotide exchange factors for Hsp70 and discuss how these cochaperones contribute to protein folding and quality control in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bracher
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jacob Verghese
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried, Germany
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17
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Rafacho A, Ortsäter H, Nadal A, Quesada I. Glucocorticoid treatment and endocrine pancreas function: implications for glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and diabetes. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:R49-62. [PMID: 25271217 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are broadly prescribed for numerous pathological conditions because of their anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and immunosuppressive effects, among other actions. Nevertheless, GCs can produce undesired diabetogenic side effects through interactions with the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Under conditions of excess and/or long-term treatment, GCs can induce peripheral insulin resistance (IR) by impairing insulin signalling, which results in reduced glucose disposal and augmented endogenous glucose production. In addition, GCs can promote abdominal obesity, elevate plasma fatty acids and triglycerides, and suppress osteocalcin synthesis in bone tissue. In response to GC-induced peripheral IR and in an attempt to maintain normoglycaemia, pancreatic β-cells undergo several morphofunctional adaptations that result in hyperinsulinaemia. Failure of β-cells to compensate for this situation favours glucose homeostasis disruption, which can result in hyperglycaemia, particularly in susceptible individuals. GC treatment does not only alter pancreatic β-cell function but also affect them by their actions that can lead to hyperglucagonaemia, further contributing to glucose homeostasis imbalance and hyperglycaemia. In addition, the release of other islet hormones, such as somatostatin, amylin and ghrelin, is also affected by GC administration. These undesired GC actions merit further consideration for the design of improved GC therapies without diabetogenic effects. In summary, in this review, we consider the implication of GC treatment on peripheral IR, islet function and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
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18
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ZhiQing Z, XinXing W, Jingbo G, Rui Z, Xiujie G, Yun Z, Lei W, Xue L, LingJia Q. Effects of HIP in protection of HSP70 for stress-induced cardiomyocytes injury and its glucorticoid receptor pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:865-75. [PMID: 24789270 PMCID: PMC4389846 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate levels of stress can be beneficial to health, while stress overload can cause injury or contribute to diseases. Despite a number of studies of adaptation or stress damage, the mechanisms of adaptation and stress damage remain far from clear. The effect and mechanisms of adaptation on cardiomyocytes damage caused by stress overload are discussed in this study. Data showed that mild repeated stress mitigated stress overload-induced cardiomyocyte injury both in an animal model of restraint stress and in H9C2 cells with GC (glucocorticoid) treatment. HSP70, HIP expression and interaction between HSP70 and HIP increased during adaptation induced by mild stress both in animals and H9C2 cells. Overexpression or inhibition of HSP70 in H9C2 cells with pCDNA-3.1-Hsp70 or KNK437 (HSP70 inhibitor) showed that HSP70 can protect H9C2 cells from GC-induced cell damage. A luciferase assay showed that Hsp70 plays its protective role through inhibition of GR transcription activity dependent on the interaction with HIP. These results indicated that HSP70 may promote adaptation with its interacting protein HIP, and increased levels of HSP70 and its interacting protein HIP during adaptation may play a protective role on stress-overload-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Animals
- Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glucocorticoids/toxicity
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Heart Diseases/genetics
- Heart Diseases/metabolism
- Heart Diseases/pathology
- Heart Diseases/prevention & control
- Hydrocortisone/blood
- Male
- Molecular Chaperones/genetics
- Molecular Chaperones/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/agonists
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Restraint, Physical
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang ZhiQing
- />Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang XinXing
- />Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gong Jingbo
- />Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Rui
- />Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gao Xiujie
- />Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yun
- />Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Lei
- />Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Leng Xue
- />Institute of Medical Equipment, Tianjin, 300161 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian LingJia
- />Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
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19
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Horvat NK, Armstrong H, Lee BL, Mercier R, Wolmarans A, Knowles J, Spyracopoulos L, LaPointe P. A mutation in the catalytic loop of Hsp90 specifically impairs ATPase stimulation by Aha1p, but not Hch1p. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2379-92. [PMID: 24726918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that plays a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by facilitating activation of a large number of client proteins. ATP-dependent client activation by Hsp90 is tightly regulated by a host of co-chaperone proteins that control progression through the activation cycle. ATPase stimulation of Hsp90 by Aha1p requires a conserved RKxK motif that interacts with the catalytic loop of Hsp90. In this study, we explore the role of this RKxK motif in the biological and biochemical properties of Hch1p. We found that this motif is required for Hch1p-mediated ATPase stimulation in vitro, but mutations that block stimulation do not impair the action of Hch1p in vivo. This suggests that the biological function of Hch1p is not directly linked to ATPase stimulation. Moreover, a mutation in the catalytic loop of Hsp90 specifically impairs ATPase stimulation by Aha1p but not by Hch1p. Our work here suggests that both Hch1p and Aha1p regulate Hsp90 function through interaction with the catalytic loop but do so in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Horvat
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Heather Armstrong
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Brian L Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Rebecca Mercier
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Annemarie Wolmarans
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Jacob Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Leo Spyracopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7.
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20
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Li Z, Hartl FU, Bracher A. Structure and function of Hip, an attenuator of the Hsp70 chaperone cycle. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2013; 20:929-35. [PMID: 23812373 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Hsp70-interacting protein, Hip, cooperates with the chaperone Hsp70 in protein folding and prevention of aggregation. Hsp70 interacts with non-native protein substrates in an ATP-dependent reaction cycle regulated by J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). Hip is thought to delay substrate release by slowing ADP dissociation from Hsp70. Here we present crystal structures of the dimerization domain and the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of rat Hip. As shown in a cocrystal structure, the TPR core of Hip interacts with the Hsp70 ATPase domain through an extensive interface, to form a bracket that locks ADP in the binding cleft. Hip and NEF binding to Hsp70 are mutually exclusive, and thus Hip attenuates active cycling of Hsp70-substrate complexes. This mechanism explains how Hip enhances aggregation prevention by Hsp70 and facilitates transfer of specific proteins to downstream chaperones or the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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21
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Dores-Silva P, Silva E, Gomes F, Silva K, Barbosa L, Borges J. Low resolution structural characterization of the Hsp70-interacting protein – Hip – from Leishmania braziliensis emphasizes its high asymmetry. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 520:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Vandevyver S, Dejager L, Libert C. On the trail of the glucocorticoid receptor: into the nucleus and back. Traffic 2011; 13:364-74. [PMID: 21951602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) belongs to the superfamily of steroid receptors and is an important regulator of physiological and metabolic processes. In its inactive state, GR is unbound by ligand and resides in the cytoplasm in a chaperone complex. When it binds glucocorticoids, it is activated and translocates to the nucleus, where it functions as a transcription factor. However, the subcellular localization of GR is determined by the balance between its rates of nuclear import and export. The mechanism of GR nuclear transport has been extensively studied. Originally, it was believed that nuclear import of GR is initiated by dissociation of the chaperone complex in the cytoplasm. However, several studies show that the chaperone machinery is required for nuclear transport of GR. In this review, we summarize the contribution of various chaperone components involved in the nuclear transport of GR and propose an updated model of its nuclear import and export. Moreover, we review the importance of ligand-independent nuclear transport and compare the nuclear transport of GR with that of other steroid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vandevyver
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent University, FSVM Building, Technologiepark 927, B9052, Ghent, Belgium
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Place SP. Single-point mutation in a conserved TPR domain of Hip disrupts enhancement of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:469-74. [PMID: 21240662 PMCID: PMC3118830 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsp70-interacting protein Hip has been identified as a transient participant in the assembly of both glucocorticoid (GR) and progesterone receptor complexes. Although it has been difficult to identify a physiological role for Hip, it is believed to have intrinsic chaperoning properties and has been identified as a potential anti-apoptotic target of Granzyme B. In vitro assays have provided evidence that Hip may interact with GR complexes in an Hsp70 independent manner and can enhance the function of GR in hormone based reporter assays. In this study, a cDNA for human Hip was used in mutational analysis to map Hip function to critical structural elements. A single amino acid substitution (L211S) resulted in a loss of Hip function. This mutation also appears to disrupt the interaction of Hip with Hsp70 in vitro. Failure to recover Hip-L211S constructs in co-immunoprecipitation assays with an Hsp70 monoclonal antibody suggests that the mutation is unlikely to result in a misfolded substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Place
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
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Kampinga HH, Craig EA. The HSP70 chaperone machinery: J proteins as drivers of functional specificity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2010; 11:579-92. [PMID: 20651708 PMCID: PMC3003299 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1208] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock 70 kDa proteins (HSP70s) are ubiquitous molecular chaperones that function in a myriad of biological processes, modulating polypeptide folding, degradation and translocation across membranes, and protein-protein interactions. This multitude of roles is not easily reconciled with the universality of the activity of HSP70s in ATP-dependent client protein-binding and release cycles. Much of the functional diversity of the HSP70s is driven by a diverse class of cofactors: J proteins. Often, multiple J proteins function with a single HSP70. Some target HSP70 activity to clients at precise locations in cells and others bind client proteins directly, thereby delivering specific clients to HSP70 and directly determining their fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, 713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Ma Y, Qi X, Du J, Song S, Feng D, Qi J, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Xiao H, Han Z, Hao X. Identification of candidate genes for human pituitary development by EST analysis. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:109. [PMID: 19284880 PMCID: PMC2664823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pituitary is a critical neuroendocrine gland that is comprised of five hormone-secreting cell types, which develops in tandem during the embryonic stage. Some essential genes have been identified in the early stage of adenohypophysial development, such as PITX1, FGF8, BMP4 and SF-1. However, it is likely that a large number of signaling molecules and transcription factors essential for determination and terminal differentiation of specific cell types remain unidentified. High-throughput methods such as microarray analysis may facilitate the measurement of gene transcriptional levels, while Expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing, an efficient method for gene discovery and expression level analysis, may no-redundantly help to understand gene expression patterns during development. Results A total of 9,271 ESTs were generated from both fetal and adult pituitaries, and assigned into 961 gene/EST clusters in fetal and 2,747 in adult pituitary by homology analysis. The transcription maps derived from these data indicated that developmentally relevant genes, such as Sox4, ST13 and ZNF185, were dominant in the cDNA library of fetal pituitary, while hormones and hormone-associated genes, such as GH1, GH2, POMC, LHβ, CHGA and CHGB, were dominant in adult pituitary. Furthermore, by using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, Sox4 was found to be one of the main transcription factors expressed in fetal pituitary for the first time. It was expressed at least at E12.5, but decreased after E17.5. In addition, 40 novel ESTs were identified specifically in this tissue. Conclusion The significant changes in gene expression in both tissues suggest a distinct and dynamic switch between embryonic and adult pituitaries. All these data along with Sox4 should be confirmed to further understand the community of multiple signaling pathways that act as a cooperative network that regulates maturation of the pituitary. It was also suggested that EST sequencing is an efficient means of gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyun Ma
- Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine of PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Grad I, Picard D. The glucocorticoid responses are shaped by molecular chaperones. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 275:2-12. [PMID: 17628337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor is a known regulator of a variety of physiological processes. Its mode of action is well defined: upon hormone binding, it undergoes a conformational change, translocates to the nucleus and modulates the transcription of target genes. Molecular chaperones have a widely recognized role in the folding of newly made proteins, but their participation in further maturation of folded proteins to their active states and beyond tends to be underestimated. This review presents the current knowledge on how the Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperone machines help to shape the responses to glucocorticoids. We discuss the contributions of these molecular chaperones to folding, activation, intracellular transport, transcriptional regulation, and decay of the glucocorticoid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Grad
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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Shi ZZ, Zhang JW, Zheng S. What we know about ST13, a co-factor of heat shock protein, or a tumor suppressor? J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007; 8:170-6. [PMID: 17323428 PMCID: PMC1810382 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2007.b0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This article is to summarize the molecular and functional analysis of the gene "suppression of tumorigenicity 13" (ST13). ST13 is in fact the gene encoding Hsp70 interacting protein (Hip), a co-factor (co-chaperone) of the 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsc/Hsp70). By collaborating with other positive co-factors such as Hsp40 and the Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop), or competing with negative co-factors such as Bcl2-associated athanogen 1 (Bag1), Hip facilitates may facilitate the chaperone function of Hsc/Hsp70 in protein folding and repair, and in controlling the activity of regulatory proteins such as steroid receptors and regulators of proliferation or apoptosis. Although the nomenclature of ST13 implies a role in the suppression of tumorigenicity (ST), to date available experimental data are not sufficient to support its role in cancer development, except for the possible down-regulation of ST13 in gastric and colorectal cancers. Further investigation of this gene at the physiological level would benefit our understanding of diseases such as endocrinological disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration commonly associated with protein misfolding.
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Picard D. Chaperoning steroid hormone action. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006; 17:229-35. [PMID: 16806964 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Those that efface themselves in the action tend to be forgotten. But molecular chaperones are always there, often serving as equal partners. Because of their intrinsic functional frailty, a large number of signaling molecules have come to depend on molecular chaperones, notably the Hsp90 chaperone machine. This applies to the subset of nuclear receptors that converts steroid hormone signals to transcriptional outputs. Steroid receptors appear to rely on the Hsp90 machine for folding, regulation of the allosteric switch and recycling. This review discusses the complexities of the chaperone machinery and the diversity of regulatory options afforded by this assistance for hormone action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
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Abstract
A multiprotein hsp90/hsp70-based chaperone machinery functions as a 'cradle-to-grave' system for regulating the steroid binding, trafficking and turnover of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In an ATP-dependent process where hsp70 and hsp90 act as essential chaperones and Hop, hsp40, and p23 act as nonessential co-chaperones, the machinery assembles complexes between the ligand binding domain of the GR and hsp90. During GR-hsp90 heterocomplex assembly, the hydrophobic ligand-binding cleft is opened to access by steroid, and subsequent binding of steroid within the cleft triggers a transformation of the receptor such that it engages in more dynamic cycles of assembly/disassembly with hsp90 that are required for rapid dynein-dependent translocation to the nucleus. Within the nucleus, the hsp90 chaperone machinery plays a critical role both in GR movement to transcription regulatory sites and in the disassembly of regulatory complexes as the hormone level declines. The chaperone machinery also plays a critical role in stabilization of the GR to ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. The initial GR interaction with hsp70 appears to be critical for the triage between hsp90 heterocomplex assembly and preservation of receptor function vs CHIP-dependent ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. The hsp90 chaperone machinery is ubiquitous and functionally conserved among eukaryotes, and it is possible that all physiologically significant actions of hsp90 require the hsp70-dependent assembly of client protein-hsp90 heterocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Pratt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0632, USA
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Bureik M, Brück N, Hübel K, Bernhardt R. The human mineralocorticoid receptor only partially differentiates between different ligands after expression in fission yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5:627-33. [PMID: 15780662 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Revised: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac failure is a major health problem with increasing incidence due to aging of the population. Studies in both experimental animals and humans have suggested that aldosterone excess may have deleterious effects on cardiac function. In order to generate a novel screening system for the identification of aldosterone antagonists, we expressed the human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR), respectively, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Reporter plasmids containing two hormone-responsive elements upstream of a fission yeast minimal promotor and either a lacZ gene (for quantification) or a neomycin gene (for survival screening) were constructed and cotransformed into fission yeast strains with expression plasmids for MR or GR. The functionality of the reporter systems was then tested using physiological ligands of both receptors as well as known inhibitors. Transactivating activity of MR could be stimulated by aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, cortisone, and spironolactone, but not by progesterone, while GR activity was stimulated by cortisol and cortisone, but also not by progesterone. Taken together, we have succeeded in establishing fission yeast-based screening systems that allow the identification of MR- or GR-interacting compounds. Moreover, our data show that after expression in fission yeast both receptors did not differentiate between steroids with different configurations at positions 11beta, 17 and 18. This finding suggests that only recognition of C-21 substituents may be accomplished by the receptor proteins alone, while the physiologically important selectivity towards other positions of the steroid ligand depends on other factors which are not conserved from fission yeast to man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bureik
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Postfach 151150. D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Cheung-Flynn J, Prapapanich V, Cox MB, Riggs DL, Suarez-Quian C, Smith DF. Physiological Role for the Cochaperone FKBP52 in Androgen Receptor Signaling. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19:1654-66. [PMID: 15831525 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMolecular chaperones mediate multiple aspects of steroid receptor function, but the physiological importance of most receptor-associated cochaperones has not been determined. To help fill this gap, we targeted for disruption the mouse gene for the 52-kDa FK506 binding protein, FKBP52, a 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90)-binding immunophilin found in steroid receptor complexes. A mouse line lacking FKBP52 (52KO) was generated and characterized. Male 52KO mice have several defects in reproductive tissues consistent with androgen insensitivity; among these defects are ambiguous external genitalia and dysgenic prostate. FKBP52 and androgen receptor (AR) are coexpressed in prostate epithelial cells of wild-type mice. However, FKBP52 and AR are similarly coexpressed in testis even though testis morphology and spermatogenesis in 52KO males are usually normal. Molecular studies confirm that FKBP52 is a component of AR complexes, and cellular studies in yeast and human cell models demonstrate that FKBP52 can enhance AR-meditated transactivation. AR enhancement requires FKBP52 peptidylprolyl isomerase activity as well as Hsp90-binding ability, and enhancement probably relates to an affect of FKBP52 on AR-folding pathways. In the presence of FKBP52, but not other cochaperones, the function of a minimally active AR point mutant can be dramatically restored. We conclude that FKBP52 is an AR folding factor that has critically important physiological roles in some male reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Cheung-Flynn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johnson Research Building, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
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32
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Abstract
Hsp70 proteins are central components of the cellular network of molecular chaperones and folding catalysts. They assist a large variety of protein folding processes in the cell by transient association of their substrate binding domain with short hydrophobic peptide segments within their substrate proteins. The substrate binding and release cycle is driven by the switching of Hsp70 between the low-affinity ATP bound state and the high-affinity ADP bound state. Thus, ATP binding and hydrolysis are essential in vitro and in vivo for the chaperone activity of Hsp70 proteins. This ATPase cycle is controlled by co-chaperones of the family of J-domain proteins, which target Hsp70s to their substrates, and by nucleotide exchange factors, which determine the lifetime of the Hsp70-substrate complex. Additional co-chaperones fine-tune this chaperone cycle. For specific tasks the Hsp70 cycle is coupled to the action of other chaperones, such as Hsp90 and Hsp100.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Mayer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie (ZMBH), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Bukau
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie (ZMBH), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Esser C, Alberti S, Höhfeld J. Cooperation of molecular chaperones with the ubiquitin/proteasome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1695:171-88. [PMID: 15571814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones and energy-dependent proteases have long been viewed as opposing forces that control protein biogenesis. Molecular chaperones are specialized in protein folding, whereas energy-dependent proteases such as the proteasome mediate efficient protein degradation. Recent data, however, suggest that molecular chaperones directly cooperate with the ubiquitin/proteasome system during protein quality control in eukaryotic cells. Modulating the intracellular balance of protein folding and protein degradation may open new strategies for the treatment of human diseases that involve chaperone pathways such as cancer and diverse amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Esser
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Bonner Forum Biomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn,Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
The molecular chaperone machinery contains multiple protein components that have 1 or more structural domains composed of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs. Many other proteins of separate or unknown function also have TPR domains, so this motif is not exclusive to molecular chaperones. A general function of TPR domains is to bind other polypeptides, but this otherwise prosaic function has been exploited in an assortment of ways that link chaperones and other protein systems into cooperative networks. Among the best-characterized TPR proteins are several cochaperones that participate in assembly and regulation of steroid receptor complexes. Steroid receptors, members of the nuclear receptor subfamily, are hormone-dependent transcription factors that regulate many vertebrate pathways of homeostasis, growth, differentiation, reproduction, and pathology and, as such, have been of great interest to biologists and clinicians. Moreover, the steroid receptors are among the first recognized native clients for chaperones and have been widely studied models for complex chaperone interactions. To provide a coherent, representative minireview of TPR protein function, the scope of this article has been narrowed down primarily to functions of steroid receptor-associated TPR cochaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Smith
- S.C. Johnson Research Center, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Insights into the molecular basis of glucocorticoid action have been obtained from the analysis of cortisol resistance. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in both New World primates and guinea pigs has a decreased affinity, in vivo, for cortisol; this is achieved by two distinct mechanisms. In the New World primates recent studies have identified a key role for co-chaperones. The amino acids responsible for cortisol resistance in the guinea pig GR lie not in the ligand-binding pocket but on the surface of the receptor. We hypothesize that this region might be the site of interaction between the co-chaperones and the GR, and hence that the resistance occurs through the same mechanism, albeit from opposite sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Fuller
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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