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Li X, Zang N, Zhang N, Pang L, Lv L, Meng X, Lv X, Leng J. DNA damage resulting from human endocrine disrupting chemical exposure: Genotoxicity, detection and dietary phytochemical intervention. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139522. [PMID: 37478996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has posed an increasing threat to human health. EDCs are major risk factors in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Continuous DNA damage triggers severe pathogenic consequences, such as cancer. Beyond their effects on the endocrine system, EDCs genotoxicity is also worthy of attention, owing to the high accessibility and bioavailability of EDCs. This review investigates and summarizes nearly a decade of DNA damage studies on EDC exposure, including DNA damage mechanisms, detection methods, population marker analysis, and the application of dietary phytochemicals. The aims of this review are (1) to systematically summarize the genotoxic effects of environmental EDCs (2) to comprehensively summarize cutting-edge measurement methods, thus providing analytical solutions for studies on EDC exposure; and (3) to highlight critical data on the detoxification and repair effects of dietary phytochemicals. Dietary phytochemicals decrease genotoxicity by playing a major role in the detoxification system, and show potential therapeutic effects on human diseases caused by EDC exposure. This review may support research on environmental toxicology and alternative chemo-prevention for human EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Ningzi Zang
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Lijian Pang
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China
| | - Ling Lv
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Xiansheng Meng
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jiapeng Leng
- Comprehensive Exposure Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
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Chong ZX, Yong CY, Ong AHK, Yeap SK, Ho WY. Deciphering the roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in regulating carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2023; 495:153596. [PMID: 37480978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent receptor that belongs to the superfamily of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The activation of the canonical AHR signaling pathway is known to induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, facilitating the detoxification metabolism in the human body. Additionally, AHR could interact with various signaling pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), nuclear factor ekappa B (NF-κβ), estrogen receptor (ER), and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways. Over the past 30 years, several studies have reported that various chemical, physical, or biological agents, such as tobacco, hydrocarbon compounds, industrial and agricultural chemical wastes, drugs, UV, viruses, and other toxins, could affect AHR expression or activity, promoting cancer development. Thus, it is valuable to overview how these factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis. Current findings have reported that many compounds could act as AHR ligands to drive the expressions of AHR-target genes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1B1, MMPs, and AXL, and other targets that exert a pro-proliferation or anti-apoptotic effect, like XIAP. Furthermore, some other physical and chemical agents, such as UV and 3-methylcholanthrene, could promote AHR signaling activities, increasing the signaling activities of a few oncogenic pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways. Understanding how various factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes helps clinicians and scientists plan personalized therapeutic strategies to improve anti-cancer treatment efficacy. As many studies that have reported the roles of AHR in regulating carcinogenesis are preclinical or observational clinical studies that did not explore the detailed mechanisms of how different chemical, physical, or biological agents promote AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes, future studies should focus on conducting large-scale and functional studies to unravel the underlying mechanism of how AHR interacts with different factors in regulating carcinogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alan Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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3
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Płotka-Wasylka J, Mulkiewicz E, Lis H, Godlewska K, Kurowska-Susdorf A, Sajid M, Lambropoulou D, Jatkowska N. Endocrine disrupting compounds in the baby's world - A harmful environment to the health of babies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163350. [PMID: 37023800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, there has been a significant increase in awareness of the adverse effects of chemicals with known or suspected endocrine-acting properties on human health. Human exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) mainly occurs by ingestion and to some extent by inhalation and dermal uptake. Although it is difficult to assess the full impact of human exposure to EDCs, it is well known that timing of exposure is of importance and therefore infants are more vulnerable to EDCs and are at greater risk compared to adults. In this regard, infant safety and assessment of associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and growth during infancy and childhood has been received considerable attention in the last years. Hence, the purpose of this review is to provide a current update on the evidence from biomonitoring studies on the exposure of infants to EDCs and a comprehensive view of the uptake, the mechanisms of action and biotransformation in baby/human body. Analytical methods used and concentration levels of EDCs in different biological matrices (e.g., placenta, cord plasma, amniotic fluid, breast milk, urine, and blood of pregnant women) are also discussed. Finally, key issues and recommendations were provided to avoid hazardous exposure to these chemicals, taking into account family and lifestyle factors related to this exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Mulkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Lis
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Muhammad Sajid
- Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
| | - Natalia Jatkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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A Window of Vulnerability: Chronic Environmental Stress Does Not Impair Reproduction in the Swordfish Xiphias gladius. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020269. [PMID: 36670809 PMCID: PMC9854923 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xiphias gladius is an important fishing resource. The Mediterranean stock is affected by overfishing and is declining. In this light, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-talk among metabolism, stress response, immune system and reproduction in immature and mature females, coupling histological and transcriptomic approaches. The transcriptome of livers from 3 immature and 3 mature females was analyzed using the Artificial Intelligence RNA-Seq. For the histological analysis, ovary and liver samples were collected from 50 specimens caught during the reproductive season in the Mediterranean Sea. A total of 750 genes were differentially expressed between the livers. The gene ontologtabey analysis showed 91 upregulated and 161 downregulated biological process GO terms. Instead, the KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 15 enriched pathways. Furthermore, the binding occurring between estrogen receptors and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, upregulated in mature females, could be liable for the inhibition of detoxification pathway. Indeed, at the histological level, mature females showed a higher density and number of melanomacrophage centers, biomarkers of stress. The present findings reveal the cross-talk among response to environmental stressors, metabolism and reproduction, highlighting that mature females invest a lot of energy in reproduction instead of immune response and detoxification.
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Desalegn AA, Collet B, Iszatt N, Stigum H, Jensen TK, Jonker L, Besselink H, van der Burg B, Eggesbø M. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in human breast milk and cryptorchidism: A case-control study within the prospective Norwegian HUMIS cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113861. [PMID: 35820657 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of cryptorchidism remains poorly understood. Endocrine disrupting chemicals can impact estrogen signaling by interacting with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether AhR activity in breast milk samples is associated with cryptorchidism. METHOD We conducted a case-control study based on 199 mother-child pairs (n = 91 cases/108 controls) selected from the Norwegian Human Milk Study (2002-2009). We defined cases for cryptorchidism based on maternal reports at 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24- months after birth. Chemically- and biologically stable AhR activity (pg 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent (TEQ)/g lipid) was determined by DR- CALUX® assay in the mothers' milk collected at a median of 33 (10th-90th percentile: 18-57) days after delivery. We used multivariate logistic regression to compare AhR activity levels between cases and controls, and linear regression separately, to establish the relationship with the presence of 27 potential EDCs measured in breast milk and AhR activity. RESULTS The average estimated daily intake (EDI) of dioxin and (dioxin-like (dl)-compounds via breast milk is 33.7 ± 17.9 pg TEQ/kg bodyweight per day among Norwegian children. There were no significant differences in AhR activation in breast milk samples between cases with cryptorchidism and controls. Among the 27 chemicals measured in breast milk, AhR activity was (borderline) significantly associated with all dl-PCBs, three non-dioxin-like (ndl)-PCBs (PCB-74, PCB-180, PCB-194) and two organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; HCB, β-HCH). No associations between AhR activity and brominated flame retardants (PBDEs) or poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). CONCLUSION No association between AhR activity and cryptorchidism was found among Norwegian boys. The average EDI of dioxin and dl-compounds in exclusively breastfed Norwegian infants remains above the safety threshold and, therefore requires further reduction measures. Consistent with a possible role in the observed AhR activity, all dl-PCBs were associated with AhR activity whereas the association was null for either PBDEs or PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Assefa Desalegn
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bérénice Collet
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Department of Non-communicable Disease, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tina K Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lydia Jonker
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway.
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Edwards HE, Gorelick DA. The evolution and structure/function of bHLH-PAS transcription factor family. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1227-1243. [PMID: 35695677 PMCID: PMC10584024 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins that contain basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and Per-Arnt-Sim motifs (PAS) function as transcription factors. bHLH-PAS proteins exhibit essential and diverse functions throughout the body, from cell specification and differentiation in embryonic development to the proper function of organs like the brain and liver in adulthood. bHLH-PAS proteins are divided into two classes, which form heterodimers to regulate transcription. Class I bHLH-PAS proteins are typically activated in response to specific stimuli, while class II proteins are expressed more ubiquitously. Here, we discuss the general structure and functions of bHLH-PAS proteins throughout the animal kingdom, including family members that do not fit neatly into the class I-class II organization. We review heterodimerization between class I and class II bHLH-PAS proteins, binding partner selectivity and functional redundancy. Finally, we discuss the evolution of bHLH-PAS proteins, and why a class I protein essential for cardiovascular development in vertebrates like chicken and fish is absent from mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey E Edwards
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Daniel A Gorelick
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
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The role of DNA-binding and ARNT dimerization on the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18194. [PMID: 34521881 PMCID: PMC8440571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is predominantly located in the cytoplasm, while activation depends on its nuclear translocation. Binding to endogenous or xenobiotic ligands terminates the basal nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and stabilizes an exclusive nuclear population. The precise mechanisms that facilitate such stable nuclear accumulation remain to be clarified as essential step in the activation cascade. In this study, we have tested whether the sustained nuclear compartmentalization of ligand-bound or basal AHR might further require heterodimerization with the AHR-nuclear translocator (ARNT) and binding to the cognate XRE-motif. Mutagenesis of the DNA-binding motif or of selected individual residues in the ARNT-binding motif did not lead to any variation in AHR’s nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution. In response to ligands, all mutants were retained in the nucleus demonstrating that the stable compartmentalization of activated AHR in the nucleus is neither dependent on interactions with DNA, nor ARNT. Knocking down the ARNT gene using small interfering RNA confirmed that ARNT does not play any role in the intracellular trafficking of AHR.
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Gaspari L, Paris F, Kalfa N, Soyer-Gobillard MO, Sultan C, Hamamah S. Experimental Evidence of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlordibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) Transgenerational Effects on Reproductive Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169091. [PMID: 34445797 PMCID: PMC8396488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that endocrine disruptors (EDs) can promote the transgenerational inheritance of disease susceptibility. Among the many existing EDs, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) affects reproductive health, including in humans, following direct occupational exposure or environmental disasters, for instance the Agent Orange sprayed during the Vietnam War. Conversely, few studies have focused on TCDD multigenerational and transgenerational effects on human reproductive health, despite the high amount of evidence in animal models of such effects on male and female reproductive health that mimic human reproductive system disorders. Importantly, these studies show that paternal ancestral TCDD exposure substantially contributes to pregnancy outcome and fetal health, although pregnancy outcome is considered tightly related to the woman’s health. In this work, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a knowledge synthesis in order (i) to describe the findings obtained in rodent models concerning TCDD transgenerational effects on reproductive health and (ii) to discuss the epigenetic molecular alterations that might be involved in this process. As ancestral toxicant exposure cannot be changed in humans, identifying the crucial reproductive functions that are negatively affected by such exposure may help clinicians to preserve male and female fertility and to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gaspari
- Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.G.); (F.P.); (C.S.)
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital, Constitutif Sud, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- INSERM 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Paris
- Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.G.); (F.P.); (C.S.)
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital, Constitutif Sud, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- INSERM 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Kalfa
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital, Constitutif Sud, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- Département de Chirurgie Viscérale et Urologique Pédiatrique, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Institut Debrest de Santé Publique IDESP, UMR INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Odile Soyer-Gobillard
- CNRS, Sorbonne University, 75006 Paris, France;
- Association Hhorages-France, 95270 Asnières-sur-Oise, France
| | - Charles Sultan
- Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.G.); (F.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Samir Hamamah
- INSERM 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Biologie de la Reproduction/DPI et CECOS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +33-4-67-33-62-90
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Mal R, Magner A, David J, Datta J, Vallabhaneni M, Kassem M, Manouchehri J, Willingham N, Stover D, Vandeusen J, Sardesai S, Williams N, Wesolowski R, Lustberg M, Ganju RK, Ramaswamy B, Cherian MA. Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ): A Ligand Activated Tumor Suppressor. Front Oncol 2020; 10:587386. [PMID: 33194742 PMCID: PMC7645238 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.587386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) belong to a superfamily of nuclear receptors called steroid hormone receptors, which, upon binding ligand, dimerize and translocate to the nucleus where they activate or repress the transcription of a large number of genes, thus modulating critical physiologic processes. ERβ has multiple isoforms that show differing association with prognosis. Expression levels of the full length ERβ1 isoform are often lower in aggressive cancers as compared to normal tissue. High ERβ1 expression is associated with improved overall survival in women with breast cancer. The promise of ERβ activation, as a potential targeted therapy, is based on concurrent activation of multiple tumor suppressor pathways with few side effects compared to chemotherapy. Thus, ERβ is a nuclear receptor with broad-spectrum tumor suppressor activity, which could serve as a potential treatment target in a variety of human cancers including breast cancer. Further development of highly selective agonists that lack ERα agonist activity, will be necessary to fully harness the potential of ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mal
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alexa Magner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joel David
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jharna Datta
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Meghna Vallabhaneni
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mahmoud Kassem
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jasmine Manouchehri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Natalie Willingham
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Stover
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeffery Vandeusen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nicole Williams
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mathew A Cherian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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10
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Souder JP, Gorelick DA. ahr2, But Not ahr1a or ahr1b, Is Required for Craniofacial and Fin Development and TCDD-dependent Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:25-44. [PMID: 30907958 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that binds environmental toxicants and regulates gene expression. AHR also regulates developmental processes, like craniofacial development and hematopoiesis, in the absence of environmental exposures. Zebrafish have 3 paralogs of AHR: ahr1a, ahr1b, and ahr2. Adult zebrafish with mutations in ahr2 exhibited craniofacial and fin defects. However, the degree to which ahr1a and ahr1b influence ahr2 signaling and contribute to fin and craniofacial development are not known. We compared morphology of adult ahr2 mutants and ahr1a;ahr1b single and double mutant zebrafish. We found that ahr1a;ahr1b single and double mutants were morphologically normal whereas ahr2 mutant zebrafish demonstrated fin and craniofacial malformations. At 5 days post fertilization, both ahr1a;ahr1b and ahr2 mutant larvae were normal, suggesting that adult phenotypes are due to defects in maturation or maintenance. Next, we analyzed the function of zebrafish AHRs activated by environmental ligands. The prototypical AHR ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), induces toxicity in humans and rodents via AHR and causes cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. It has been shown that embryos with mutations in ahr2 are resistant to TCDD toxicity, yet it is unclear whether ahr1 receptors are required. Furthermore, though AHR was shown to interact with estrogen receptor alpha following TCDD treatment, it is not known whether this interaction is constitutive or context-dependent. To determine whether estrogen receptors are constitutive cofactors for AHR signaling, we used genetic and pharmacologic techniques to analyze TCDD-dependent toxicity in estrogen receptor and ahr mutant embryos. We found that embryos with mutations in ahr1a;ahr1b or estrogen receptor genes are susceptible to TCDD toxicity whereas ahr2 mutant embryos are TCDD-resistant. Moreover, pharmacologic blockade of nuclear estrogen receptors failed to prevent TCDD toxicity. These findings suggest that ahr1 genes do not have overlapping functions with ahr2 in fin and craniofacial development or TCDD-dependent toxicity, and that estrogen receptors are not constitutive partners of ahr2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn P Souder
- Medical Scientist Training Program & Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Daniel A Gorelick
- Medical Scientist Training Program & Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
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Al-Ghezi ZZ, Singh N, Mehrpouya-Bahrami P, Busbee PB, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. AhR Activation by TCDD (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) Attenuates Pertussis Toxin-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Differential Regulation of Tregs and Th17 Cells Through Specific Targeting by microRNA. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2349. [PMID: 31681214 PMCID: PMC6813193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that, when activated by ligand-binding, has been shown to regulate the immune response. Pertussis Toxin (PTX) is a virulence factor found in Bordetella pertussis, a human respiratory pathogen that causes whooping cough. PTX promotes colonization and disease promotion by triggering a heightened inflammatory response. The role of AhR in the regulation of PTX-mediated inflammation has not previously been studied. In the current study, we investigate if AhR activation by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a well characterized ligand, can attenuate PTX-mediated systemic inflammation. To that end, C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with PTX twice and treated with TCDD or vehicle (VEH). The PTX+VEH group showed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IL-6, and IFNγ) in serum and increased proportions of CD4+ Th1 and Th17 cells in their spleens. In contrast, the PTX+TCDD group showed significantly lower levels of these inflammatory cytokines and decreased proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells, but increased proportions of Th2 and FoxP3+Tregs when compared to the PTX+VEH group. PTX+TCDD treated mice also showed elevated levels of IL-10, and TFG-b, potent anti-inflammatory cytokines. MicroRNAs (miRs) analysis of CD4+ T cells from the spleens of the PTX+TCDD treated mice revealed significant alterations in their expression and several of these miRs targeted cytokines and signaling molecules involved in inflammation. Specifically, the PTX+TCDD group had a significantly enhanced expression of miR-3082-5p that targeted IL-17, and a decreased expression of miR-1224-5p, which targeted FoxP3. Transfection studies with these miR mimics and inhibitors confirmed the specificity of the target genes. The current study suggests that AhR activation by TCDD suppresses PTX-induced inflammation through miR regulation that triggers reciprocal polarization of Tregs and Th17 cells and also suggests that AhR activation may serve as a treatment modality to suppress heightened inflammation induced during B. pertussis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinah Zamil Al-Ghezi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Pegah Mehrpouya-Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Philip Brandon Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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12
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Hýžd'alová M, Pivnicka J, Zapletal O, Vázquez-Gómez G, Matthews J, Neca J, Pencíková K, Machala M, Vondrácek J. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Metabolism Plays a Significant Role in Estrogen-Like Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Cell Proliferation. Toxicol Sci 2019; 165:447-461. [PMID: 30137621 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants that interact in a complex manner with both the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptors (ER). Their potential endocrine-disrupting activities may depend on both inhibitory AhR-ER cross-talk and on AhR-dependent metabolic production of estrogenic PAH metabolites. Here, we analyzed the impact of AhR on estrogen-like effects of PAHs, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in particular, on control of cell cycle progression/cell proliferation. Using AhR knockout variant of estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer MCF-7 cells (MCF-7 AhRKO cells), we observed that the AhR-dependent control of cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) expression played a major role in formation of estrogenic BaP metabolites, most notably 3-OH-BaP, which contributed to the ER-dependent induction of cell cycle progression/cell proliferation. Both BaP metabolism and the BaP-induced S-phase transition/cell proliferation were inhibited in MCF-7 AhRKO cells, whereas these cells remained sensitive towards both endogenous estrogen 17β-estradiol or hydroxylated BaP metabolites. BaP was found to increase the activity of ER-dependent luciferase reporter gene in wild-type MCF-7 cells; however, unlike its hydroxylated metabolite, BaP failed to stimulate luciferase activity in MCF-7 AhRKO cells. Similarly, estrogen-like effects of other known estrogenic PAHs, such as benz[a]anthracene or 3-methylcholanthrene, were diminished in MCF-7 AhRKO cells. Ectopic expression of human CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes partly restored both BaP metabolism and its effects on cell proliferation. Taken together, our data suggest that the AhR-dependent metabolism of PAHs contributes significantly to the impact of PAHs on cell proliferation in estrogen-sensitive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hýžd'alová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pivnicka
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zapletal
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Gómez
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México C.U, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jirí Neca
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Pencíková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondrácek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Mobini K, Banakar E, Tamaddon G, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) Enhances The Expression of Tumor Suppressor miRNAs, miR-22, miR-515-5p, and miR-124-3p in MCF-7 Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:115-120. [PMID: 31606975 PMCID: PMC6791069 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective microRNAs (miRNAs) play bifunctional roles in the initiation and progression of cancer, and recent evidence
has confirmed that unusual expression of miRNAs is required for the progress of breast cancer. The regulatory role of
aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its endogenous ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) on the expression
of tumor suppressor miRNAs, miR-22, miR-515-5p and miR-124-3p, as well as their association with the estrogen
receptor alpha (ERα) were the aims of this study.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the expression levels of miR-22, miR-515-5p, miR-124-3p and
miR-382-5p in MCF-7 cells were determined using the quantificational real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)
assay.
Results Our results revealed that miR-22, miR-515-5p, and miR-124-3p expressions were significantly increased in
cells transfected with ERα siRNA. Our data also showed that miR-22, miR 515-5p, and miR-124-3p expression levels
were significantly increased following FICZ treatment. Here, we found that AhR/ERα cross-talk plays a critical role in
the expression of miR-22, miR-515-5p and miR-124-3p in MCF-7 cells.
Conclusion Overall, our data demonstrated that FICZ, as an AhR agonist could induce the expression of tumor
suppressor miRNAs, miR-22, miR-515-5p, and miR-124-3p; thus, FICZ might be regarded as a potential therapeutic
agent for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Mobini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Banakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Tamaddon
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.ElectronicAddress:
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Viluksela M, Pohjanvirta R. Multigenerational and Transgenerational Effects of Dioxins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2947. [PMID: 31212893 PMCID: PMC6627869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxins are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants whose background levels are still reason for concern. There is mounting evidence from both epidemiological and experimental studies that paternal exposure to the most potent congener of dioxins, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), can lower the male/female ratio of offspring. Moreover, in laboratory rodents and zebrafish, TCDD exposure of parent animals has been reported to result in reduced reproductive performance along with other adverse effects in subsequent generations, foremost through the paternal but also via the maternal germline. These impacts have been accompanied by epigenetic alterations in placenta and/or sperm cells, including changes in methylation patterns of imprinted genes. Here, we review recent key studies in this field with an attempt to provide an up-to-date picture of the present state of knowledge to the reader. These studies provide biological plausibility for the potential of dioxin exposure at a critical time-window to induce epigenetic alterations across multiple generations and the significance of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in mediating these effects. Currently available data do not allow to accurately estimate the human health implications of these findings, although epidemiological evidence on lowered male/female ratio suggests that this effect may take place at realistic human exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Viluksela
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Lin YS, Lu SY, Wu HP, Chang CF, Chiu YT, Yang HT, Chao PM. Is frying oil a dietary source of an endocrine disruptor? Anti-estrogenic effects of polar compounds from frying oil in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:18-27. [PMID: 30412894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate endocrine-disrupting effects of polar compounds from oxidized frying oil. Estrogenicity of polar compounds was tested with a rat uterotrophic bioassay. Dietary oxidized frying oil (containing 51% polar compounds) or polar compounds isolated from it were incorporated into feed (in lieu of fresh soybean oil) and fed to ovariectomized rats, with or without treatment with exogenous ethynyl estradiol. Exogenous estrogen restored uterine weight, and caused histological abnormalities (stratified epithelia and conglomerate glands) as well as proliferation of uterine epithelial cells. However, tamoxifen or polar compounds reduced these effects. Furthermore, tamoxifen or polar compounds down-regulated uterine mRNA expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-target genes, implicating reduced ER activity in this hypo-uterotrophic effect. Inhibition of ER signaling and mitosis by polar compounds were attributed to reduced MAPK and AKT activation, as well as a reduced ligand binding domain-transactivity of ERα/β. We concluded polar compounds from frying oil are potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals, with implications for food and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shun Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yuan Lu
- Department of Applied Toxicology, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Ping Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fen Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsung Chiu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Min Chao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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16
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Tischkau SA. Mechanisms of circadian clock interactions with aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:379-395. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley A. Tischkau
- Department of PharmacologySouthern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield Illinois
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17
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Tarnow P, Tralau T, Luch A. Chemical activation of estrogen and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways and their interaction in toxicology and metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:219-229. [PMID: 30644759 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1569627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estrogen receptors (ERs) and the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in many physiological processes. With both receptors binding a broad range of natural and anthropogenic ligands, they are molecular targets for many substances, raising concerns for possible health effects. Areas covered: This review shall give a brief overview on the physiological functions of both receptors including their underlying molecular mechanisms. It summarizes the interaction of the respective signaling pathways including impacts on metabolism of endogenous estrogens, transcriptional interference, inhibitory crosstalk, and proteasomal degradation. Also addressed are the AHR dependent formation of estrogenic metabolites from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the possible impact of the ER/AHR crosstalk in the context of drug metabolism. Expert opinion: Despite decade-long research, the physiological role of the AHR and ER as well as the implications of their complex mutual crosstalk remain to be determined as do resulting potential impacts on human health. With more and more endogenous AHR ligands being discovered, future research should hence systematically address the potential impact of such substances on estrogen signaling. The intimate link between these two pathways and the genes regulated therein bears the potential for impacts on drug metabolism and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tarnow
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
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18
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Guo Z, Xie HQ, Zhang P, Luo Y, Xu T, Liu Y, Fu H, Xu L, Valsami-Jones E, Boksa P, Zhao B. Dioxins as potential risk factors for autism spectrum disorder. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:906-915. [PMID: 30347373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has emerged as a major public health concern due to its fast-growing prevalence in recent decades. Environmental factors are thought to contribute substantially to the variance in ASD. Interest in environmental toxins as causes of ASD has arisen due to the high sensitivity of the developing human brain to toxic chemicals, particularly to dioxin and certain dioxin-like compounds (dioxins). As a group of typical persistent organic pollutants, dioxins have been found to exert adverse effects on human brain development. In this paper, we review the evidence for association of exposure to dioxins with neurodevelopmental abnormalities related to ASD based on both human epidemiological and animal studies. It has been documented that exposure to dioxins during critical developmental periods increased risk for ASD. This notion has been demonstrated in different populations exposed to high or background level of dioxins. Furthermore, the effects and mechanisms of action of dioxins relevant to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of ASD are summarized, describing potential underlying mechanisms linking dioxin exposure with ASD onset. Further studies focusing on effects of prenatal/perinatal exposure to individual dioxin congeners or to mixtures of dioxins on ASD-associated behavioral and neurobiological consequences in animal models, and on the mechanisms of actions of dioxins, are needed in order to better understand how dioxin exposure might contribute to increased risk for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yali Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patricia Boksa
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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19
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
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20
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Nakajima R, Miyagaki T, Morimura S, Fukasawa T, Oka T, Yoshizaki A, Sugaya M, Sato S. Exacerbated Immune Complex-Mediated Vascular Injury in Mice with Heterozygous Deficiency of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor through Upregulation of Fcγ Receptor III Expression on Macrophages. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2195-2204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Miki Y, Hata S, Ono K, Suzuki T, Ito K, Kumamoto H, Sasano H. Roles of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Aromatase-Dependent Cell Proliferation in Human Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102159. [PMID: 29039776 PMCID: PMC5666840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and its expression is influenced by environmental compounds, such as 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and β-naphthoflavone (β-NF). AhR and its downstream genes, such as CYP1A1, are considered to play a pivotal role in xenobiotic responses. AhR signaling has also been proposed to mediate osteogenesis in experimental animals, but its details have remained unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined the possible roles of AhR in human bone. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AhR was detected in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We then screened AhR-target genes using a microarray analysis in human osteoblastic hFOB cells. Results of microarray and subsequent PCR analysis did reveal that estrogen metabolizing and synthesizing enzymes, such as CYP1B1 and aromatase, were increased by 3-MC in hFOB and osteosarcoma cell line, MG-63. The subsequent antibody cytokine analysis also demonstrated that interleukin-1β and -6 expression was increased by 3-MC and β-NF in hFOB cells and these interleukins were well known to induce aromatase. We then examined the cell proliferation rate of hFOB and MG-63 cells co-treated with 3-MC and testosterone as an aromatase substrate. The status of cell proliferation in both hFOB and MG-63 cells was stimulated by 3-MC and testosterone treatment, which was also inhibited by an estrogen blocker, aromatase inhibitor, or AhR antagonist. These findings indicated that AhR could regulate estrogen synthesis and metabolism in bone tissues through cytokine/aromatase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Shuko Hata
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Ito
- Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kumamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
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Park J, Bui PTC, Song H, Kim SK, Rhee DK, Kim EY, Rhyu MR, Lee MS, Lee YJ. Ginseng on Nuclear Hormone Receptors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1147-1156. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The first record of ginseng use dates back over two millennia, and ginseng is now popular in more than 35 countries. Ginsenosides are the pharmacological constituents responsible for the beneficial effects of ginseng. There is increasing evidence that ginseng and its bioactive ingredients are involved in the regulation of nuclear receptors, molecules that act in response to the specific binding of hormones, which link to a diverse array of signaling pathways, such as the ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Knowledge of the mechanism of how ginseng mediates these complexes is essential for the development of multi-target phytomedicine as possible therapy for different diseases. Here, we discuss the literature on the effects of ginseng and its constituents on estrogen, glucocorticoid, peroxisome proliferator-activated, and androgen nuclear hormone receptors, as well as how ginseng and its constituents exert their biological function in the treatment of cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular and neurological disorders. The accumulated results definitely show that the nuclear receptors are cellular targets of ginsenosides, but more rigorous data are required to establish and provide a scientific basis to confirm the suggested efficacy of ginseng or products with ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonwoo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Kwangjingu, Kunjadong, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong T. C. Bui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Kwangjingu, Kunjadong, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Kwangjingu, Kunjadong, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Ra Rhyu
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Kwangjingu, Kunjadong, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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Hultman MT, Petersen K, Tollefsen KE. Characterizing combined effects of antiestrogenic chemicals on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:987-1001. [PMID: 28849994 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1354435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish are exposed to a complex mixture of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), some of which display antiestrogenic activity leading to suppression of estrogen receptor (ER)- mediated reproductive processes. Although the main mode of action (MoA) of these antiestrogens is to directly interfere with natural ligand binding of the ER, several other MoA have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to characterize single and combined antiestrogenic effects of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-agonist β-naphthoflavone (BNF) and ER-antagonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) on vitellogenin (Vtg) protein using primary rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. Supporting transcriptional analysis of ER-responsive genes (estrogen receptor-α (er-α), vitellogenin-1 (vtg-1), eggshell zona radiata protein (zrp)) and AhR-mediated genes (aryl hydrocarbon receptor-2β, cytochrome p450-1a (cyp1a)) was performed by qPCR to characterize the antiestrogenic influence on ER- and AhR-mediated responses. Data demonstrated that both BNF and OHT significantly reduced 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced Vtg protein expression in a concentration responsive manner, whereas exposure to a mixture of these produced an additive antiestrogenic effect. The results observed at the protein level were further supported by transcriptional analysis of ER-responsive genes (er-α, vtg-1, zrp), where only E2-induced vtg-1 gene expression was significantly decreased by OHT and the mixture of OHT and BNF. E2-induced er-α and zrp gene expression was not markedly altered. The significant reduction of E2-induced vtg-1 gene expression by OHT suggested that the antiestrogenic effect of this compound may be associated with ER signaling pathway. Specific genes involved in putative AhR-ER cross-talk were also investigated, however none were directly associated with the compound anti-estrogenic MoA. Although the MoA of the single compounds and mixture were not completely characterized, the present study enhanced our knowledge of the combined toxicity mediated by antiestrogens acting through different MoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Hultman
- a Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Karina Petersen
- a Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- a Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
- b Faculty of Environmental Science & Technology, Department for Environmental Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , Ås , Norway
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24
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Denison MS, Faber SC. And Now for Something Completely Different: Diversity in Ligand-Dependent Activation of Ah Receptor Responses. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 2:124-131. [PMID: 28845473 PMCID: PMC5570615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-dependent activation of the Ah receptor (AhR) can result in an extremely diverse spectrum of biological and toxic effects that occur in a ligand-, species- and tissue-specific manner. While the classical mechanism of AhR-dependent signal transduction is directly related to its ability to modulate gene expression, the dramatic diversity in responses observed following AhR activation or inhibition is inconsistent with a single molecular mechanism of AhR action. Recent studies have revealed that key molecular events underlying the AhR signaling pathway are significantly more varied and complex than previously established, and the specificity and diversity in AhR response can be selectively modulated by a variety of factors. Here we describe new insights into the mechanistic diversity in AhR signal transduction that can contribute to ligand-, species- and tissue-specific differences in AhR reponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Samantha C Faber
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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25
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Endocrine Disruption and In Vitro Ecotoxicology: Recent Advances and Approaches. IN VITRO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - CONCEPTS, APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 157:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Wolff M, Kosyna FK, Dunst J, Jelkmann W, Depping R. Impact of hypoxia inducible factors on estrogen receptor expression in breast cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 613:23-30. [PMID: 27823907 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In women breast cancer is still the most commonly diagnosed cancer. This type of cancer is classified as a hormone-dependent tumor. Estrogen receptor (ER) expression and functional status contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor associated with cancer is hypoxia which is defined as the state of reduced oxygen availability in tissues. Intratumoral hypoxia results in the activation of the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs are heterodimeric transcription factors involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, such as angiogenesis, anaerobic metabolism, cell proliferation/survival, and promotion of metastasis. In this study we evaluated the interplay between hypoxia, HIF stabilization and the ER-α/β-ratio in several ER-positive breast cancer cell lines. Hypoxia was shown to inhibit ER expression in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Further experiments using the hypoxia mimetic CoCl2 and HIF-1α knockdown cells indicated that the influence of hypoxia on breast cancer cells involves other pathways than the molecular oxygen sensing pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that MCF-7 cells in long-term culture lost part of their ability to respond to hypoxic incubation. Understanding the relationships between HIF, ER-α and ER-β expression holds the promise of the development of new therapeutic agents and may provide future advances in prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wolff
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Germany; Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Dunst
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jelkmann
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Germany.
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27
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Oka K, Kohno S, Ohta Y, Guillette LJ, Iguchi T, Katsu Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of the aryl hydrocarbon receptors and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocators in the American alligator. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 238:13-22. [PMID: 27174749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, binds to a variety of chemical compounds including various environmental contaminants such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. This receptor regulates expression of target genes through dimerization with the AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT). Since AHR-ARNT signaling pathways differ among species, characterization of AHR and ARNT is important to assess the effects of environmental contamination and for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the intrinsic function. In this study, we isolated the cDNAs encoding three types of AHR and two types of ARNT from a reptile, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). In vitro reporter gene assays showed that all complexes of alligator AHR-ARNT were able to activate ligand-dependent transcription on a xenobiotic response element. We found that AHR-ARNT complexes had higher sensitivities to a ligand than AHR-ARNT2 complexes. Alligator AHR1B showed the highest sensitivity in transcriptional activation induced by indigo when compared with AHR1A and AHR2. Taken together, our data revealed that all three alligator AHRs and two ARNTs were functional in the AHR signaling pathway with ligand-dependent and isoform-specific transactivations in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satomi Kohno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Medical University of South Carolina, and Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Ohta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori, Japan
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Medical University of South Carolina, and Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Katsu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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28
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Kerdelhué B, Forest C, Coumoul X. Dimethyl-Benz(a)anthracene: A mammary carcinogen and a neuroendocrine disruptor. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2016; 3:49-55. [PMID: 29450131 PMCID: PMC5801823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potent carcinogens. Among these, dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is well known for its capacity to induce mammary carcinomas in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Ovariectomy suppresses the susceptibility of this model to DMBA, thus suggesting that the inducible action of the carcinogen depends on ovarian hormones. The promotion of DMBA-induced adenocarcinoma is accompanied by a series of neuroendocrine disruptions of both Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) and Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axes and of the secretion of melatonin during the latency period of 2 months that precedes the occurrence of the first mammary tumor. The present review analyses the various neuroendocrine disruptions that occur along the HPG and the HPA axes, and the marked inhibitory effect of the carcinogen on melatonin secretion. The possible relationships between the neuroendocrine disruptions, which essentially consist in an increased pre-ovulatory secretion of 17β-estradiol and prolactin, associated with a marked reduction of melatonin secretion, and the decrease in gene expression of the receptors for aryl-hydrocarbons receptor (AhR) and 17β-estradiol (ERα; ERβ) are also discussed. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons influence promotion of breast tumorigenesis. Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) alters neuroendocrine axes and melatonin secretion. DMBA modulates the activity of aryl hydrocarbon and 17β-estradiol receptors.
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Key Words
- ACTH, Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- ARNT, AhR nuclear translocator
- AhR, Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor
- CRH, Corticotropin releasing hormone
- CYP, Cytochromes P450
- DMBA, Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
- Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
- E2, 17β-estradiol
- ERα and ERβ, Estrogen receptor
- FSH, Folliculo-Stimulating Hormone
- Female rat
- GnRH, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
- HPA, Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal
- HPG, Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal
- LH, Luteinizing hormone
- Mammary cancer
- Neuroendocrine disruption
- PAHs, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- PRL, Prolactin
- SD, Sprague-Dawley
- TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
- XRE, Xenobiotic response elements
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Kerdelhué
- CNRS UMR 8601, Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Claude Forest
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Pharmacologie Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Pharmacologie Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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29
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Manente AG, Pinton G, Zonca S, Cilli M, Rinaldi M, Daga A, Nilsson S, Moro L. Intracellular lactate-mediated induction of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in biphasic malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26208479 PMCID: PMC4694819 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphasic malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is the second most common histotype of MPM. It is histologically characterized by the concomitant presence of epithelioid and sarcomatoid features, the latter associated with worse prognosis. In this report we describe that silencing of AKT1 in spindle-shaped biphasic MPM cells promotes the shift toward an epithelioid phenotype. Furthermore, AKT1 silencing resulted in decreased expression of the lactate/H+ symporter MCT4 and its chaperone CD147/Basigin, and in the induction of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression. We provide evidence that ERβ expression is induced by increased intracellular lactate concentration. Spheroid culturing and tumor growth of ERβ negative biphasic MPM in nude mice resulted in the induction of ERβ expression and response to the selective agonist KB9520. In both models, the treatment with the ERβ agonist results in reduced cell proliferation, decreased expression of MCT4 and CD147/Basigin and increased acetylation and inactivation of AKT1. Collectively, in response to metabolic changes, ERβ expression is induced and exerts an anti-tumor effect through selective agonist activation. The possibility to reverse the more aggressive biphasic mesothelioma histotype by targeting ERβ with a selective agonist could represent a new effective treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcangela G Manente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pinton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Zonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Rinaldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Stefan Nilsson
- Karo Bio AB, Novum, S-141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, S-141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Moro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100, Novara, Italy
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30
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Dvorak Z. Pivotal role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in modulations caused by benzo[a]pyrene and ketoconazole in the estrogenic responses induced by 17β-estradiol in male goldfish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9247-9248. [PMID: 26951223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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31
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Liu Y, Duong W, Krawczyk C, Bretschneider N, Borbély G, Varshney M, Zinser C, Schär P, Rüegg J. Oestrogen receptor β regulates epigenetic patterns at specific genomic loci through interaction with thymine DNA glycosylase. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:7. [PMID: 26889208 PMCID: PMC4756533 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is one way to encode epigenetic information and plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression during embryonic development. DNA methylation marks are established by the DNA methyltransferases and, recently, a mechanism for active DNA demethylation has emerged involving the ten-eleven translocator proteins and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). However, so far it is not clear how these enzymes are recruited to, and regulate DNA methylation at, specific genomic loci. A number of studies imply that sequence-specific transcription factors are involved in targeting DNA methylation and demethylation processes. Oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is a ligand-inducible transcription factor regulating gene expression in response to the female sex hormone oestrogen. Previously, we found that ERβ deficiency results in changes in DNA methylation patterns at two gene promoters, implicating an involvement of ERβ in DNA methylation. In this study, we set out to explore this involvement on a genome-wide level, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this function. Results Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we compared genome-wide DNA methylation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from wildtype and ERβ knock-out mice, and identified around 8000 differentially methylated positions (DMPs). Validation and further characterisation of selected DMPs showed that differences in methylation correlated with changes in expression of the nearest gene. Additionally, re-introduction of ERβ into the knock-out cells could reverse hypermethylation and reactivate expression of some of the genes. We also show that ERβ is recruited to regions around hypermethylated DMPs. Finally, we demonstrate here that ERβ interacts with TDG and that TDG binds ERβ-dependently to hypermethylated DMPs. Conclusion We provide evidence that ERβ plays a role in regulating DNA methylation at specific genomic loci, likely as the result of its interaction with TDG at these regions. Our findings imply a novel function of ERβ, beyond direct transcriptional control, in regulating DNA methylation at target genes. Further, they shed light on the question how DNA methylation is regulated at specific genomic loci by supporting a concept in which sequence-specific transcription factors can target factors that regulate DNA methylation patterns. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0055-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - William Duong
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Krawczyk
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gábor Borbély
- Swedish Toxicology Science Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet at Novum, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Zinser
- Swedish Toxicology Science Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Primo Schär
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Swedish Toxicology Science Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:00, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Rzemieniec J, Litwa E, Wnuk A, Lason W, Krzeptowski W, Kajta M. Selective Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulator 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Impairs AhR and ARNT Signaling and Protects Mouse Neuronal Cells Against Hypoxia. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5591-606. [PMID: 26476840 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective potential of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), which is a selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulator, has recently been shown in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. However, there are no data concerning the protective capacity and mechanisms of DIM action in neuronal cells exposed to hypoxia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of DIM against the hypoxia-induced damage in mouse hippocampal cells in primary cultures, with a particular focus on DIM interactions with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), its nuclear translocator ARNT, and estrogen receptor β (ERβ). In the present study, 18 h of hypoxia induced apoptotic processes, in terms of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-3, and fragmentation of cell nuclei. These effects were accompanied by substantial lactate dehydrogenase release and neuronal cell death. The results of the present study demonstrated strong neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic actions of DIM in hippocampal cells exposed to hypoxia. In addition, DIM decreased the Ahr and Arnt mRNA expression and stimulated Erβ mRNA expression level. DIM-induced mRNA alterations were mirrored by changes in protein levels, except for ERβ, as detected by ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence labeling. We also demonstrated that DIM decreased the expression of AhR-regulated CYP1A1. Using specific siRNAs, we provided evidence that impairment of AhR and ARNT, but not ERβ plays a key role in the neuroprotective action of DIM against hypoxia-induced cell damage. This study may have implication for identifying new agents that could protect neurons against hypoxia by targeting AhR/ARNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rzemieniec
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Litwa
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Wnuk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Lason
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Krzeptowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Confocal Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kajta
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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33
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Casey SC, Vaccari M, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Brown DG, Chapellier M, Christopher J, Curran CS, Forte S, Hamid RA, Heneberg P, Koch DC, Krishnakumar PK, Laconi E, Maguer-Satta V, Marongiu F, Memeo L, Mondello C, Raju J, Roman J, Roy R, Ryan EP, Ryeom S, Salem HK, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Soucek L, Vermeulen L, Whitfield JR, Woodrick J, Colacci A, Bisson WH, Felsher DW. The effect of environmental chemicals on the tumor microenvironment. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S160-83. [PMID: 26106136 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentially carcinogenic compounds may cause cancer through direct DNA damage or through indirect cellular or physiological effects. To study possible carcinogens, the fields of endocrinology, genetics, epigenetics, medicine, environmental health, toxicology, pharmacology and oncology must be considered. Disruptive chemicals may also contribute to multiple stages of tumor development through effects on the tumor microenvironment. In turn, the tumor microenvironment consists of a complex interaction among blood vessels that feed the tumor, the extracellular matrix that provides structural and biochemical support, signaling molecules that send messages and soluble factors such as cytokines. The tumor microenvironment also consists of many host cellular effectors including multipotent stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cell precursors, antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes and innate immune cells. Carcinogens can influence the tumor microenvironment through effects on epithelial cells, the most common origin of cancer, as well as on stromal cells, extracellular matrix components and immune cells. Here, we review how environmental exposures can perturb the tumor microenvironment. We suggest a role for disrupting chemicals such as nickel chloride, Bisphenol A, butyltins, methylmercury and paraquat as well as more traditional carcinogens, such as radiation, and pharmaceuticals, such as diabetes medications, in the disruption of the tumor microenvironment. Further studies interrogating the role of chemicals and their mixtures in dose-dependent effects on the tumor microenvironment could have important general mechanistic implications for the etiology and prevention of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia, Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy, Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Marion Chapellier
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Joseph Christopher
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Colleen S Curran
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel C Koch
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia, Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy, Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - P K Krishnakumar
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Veronique Maguer-Satta
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Laura Soucek
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - William H Bisson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, and
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Lee J, Prokopec SD, Watson JD, Sun RX, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. Male and female mice show significant differences in hepatic transcriptomic response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:625. [PMID: 26290441 PMCID: PMC4546048 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,3,7,8–tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dixion (TCDD) is the most potent of the dioxin congeners, capable of causing a wide range of toxic effects across numerous animal models. Previous studies have demonstrated that males and females of the same species can display divergent sensitivity phenotypes to TCDD toxicities. Although it is now clear that most TCDD-induced toxic outcomes are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the mechanism of differential responses to TCDD exposure between sexes remains largely unknown. To investigate the differential sensitivities in male and female mice, we profiled the hepatic transcriptomic responses 4 days following exposure to various amounts of TCDD (125, 250, 500 or 1000 μg/kg) in adult male and female C57BL/6Kuo mice. Results Several key findings were revealed by our study. 1) Hepatic transcriptomes varied significantly between the sexes at all doses examined. 2) The liver transcriptome of males was more dysregulated by TCDD than that of females. 3) The alteration of “AHR-core” genes was consistent in magnitude, regardless of sex. 4) A subset of genes demonstrated sex-dependent TCDD-induced transcriptional changes, including Fmo3 and Nr1i3, which were significantly induced in livers of male mice only. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed to contrast transcriptomic profiles of various organisms and tissues following exposure to equitoxic doses of TCDD. Minimal overlap was observed in the differences between TCDD-sensitive or TCDD-resistant models. Conclusions Sex-dependent sensitivities to TCDD exposure are associated with a set of sex-specific TCDD-responsive genes. In addition, complex interactions between the aryl hydrocarbon and sex hormone receptors may affect the observable differences in sensitivity phenotypes between the sexes. Further work is necessary to better understand the roles of those genes altered by TCDD in a sex-dependent manner, and their association with changes to sex hormones and receptors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1840-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lee
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Stephenie D Prokopec
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.
| | - John D Watson
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ren X Sun
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Laboratory of Toxicology, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Simon TW, Budinsky RA, Rowlands JC. A model for aryl hydrocarbon receptor-activated gene expression shows potency and efficacy changes and predicts squelching due to competition for transcription co-activators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127952. [PMID: 26039703 PMCID: PMC4454675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A stochastic model of nuclear receptor-mediated transcription was developed based on activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) and subsequent binding the activated AHR to xenobiotic response elements (XREs) on DNA. The model was based on effects observed in cells lines commonly used as in vitro experimental systems. Following ligand binding, the AHR moves into the cell nucleus and forms a heterodimer with the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT). In the model, a requirement for binding to DNA is that a generic coregulatory protein is subsequently bound to the AHR-ARNT dimer. Varying the amount of coregulator available within the nucleus altered both the potency and efficacy of TCDD for inducing for transcription of CYP1A1 mRNA, a commonly used marker for activation of the AHR. Lowering the amount of available cofactor slightly increased the EC50 for the transcriptional response without changing the efficacy or maximal response. Further reduction in the amount of cofactor reduced the efficacy and produced non-monotonic dose-response curves (NMDRCs) at higher ligand concentrations. The shapes of these NMDRCs were reminiscent of the phenomenon of squelching. Resource limitations for transcriptional machinery are becoming apparent in eukaryotic cells. Within single cells, nuclear receptor-mediated gene expression appears to be a stochastic process; however, intercellular communication and other aspects of tissue coordination may represent a compensatory process to maintain an organism’s ability to respond on a phenotypic level to various stimuli within an inconstant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted W. Simon
- Ted Simon LLC, Winston, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert A. Budinsky
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting. Midland, MI, United States of America
| | - J. Craig Rowlands
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting. Midland, MI, United States of America
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Endler A, Chen L, Shibasaki F. Coactivator recruitment of AhR/ARNT1. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11100-10. [PMID: 24950180 PMCID: PMC4100201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150611100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A common feature of nuclear receptors (NRs) is the transformation of external cell signals into specific transcriptions of the signal molecule. Signal molecules function as ligands for NRs and, after their uptake, activated NRs form homo- or heterodimers at promoter recognition sequences of the specific genes in the nucleus. Another common feature of NRs is their dependence on coactivators, which bridge the basic transcriptional machinery and other cofactors to the target genes, in order to initiate transcription and to unwind histone-bound DNA for exposing additional promoter recognition sites via their histone acetyltransferase (HAT) function. In this review, we focus on our recent findings related to the recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1/NCoA1) by the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and by the arylhydrocarbon receptor/arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 1 (AhR/ARNT1) complex. We also describe the extension of our previously published findings regarding the binding between ARNT1.1 exon16 and SRC1e exon 21, via in silico analyses of androgen receptor (AR) NH2-carboxyl-terminal interactions, the results of which were verified by in vitro experiments. Based on these data, we suggest a newly derived tentative binding site of nuclear coactivator 2/glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein-1/transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (NCOA-2/ GRIP-1/TIF-2) for ARNT1.1 exon 16. Furthermore, results obtained by immunoprecipitation have revealed a second leucine-rich binding site for hARNT1.1 exon 16 in SRC1e exon 21 (LSSTDLL). Finally, we discuss the role of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as an endocrine disruptor for estrogen related transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Endler
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Futoshi Shibasaki
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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Park C, Lee Y. Overexpression of ERβ is sufficient to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor-1 transactivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:261-6. [PMID: 24938129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) β is predicted to play an important role in the prevention of breast cancer development and progression. We have previously shown that ERβ suppresses hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1-mediated transcription through aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) degradation via ubiquitination processes. In this study, we attempted to examine the effect of ERβ specific ligand on HIF-1 inhibition in ERβ positive PC3 cells and ERβ transfected MCF-7 cells. ERβ specific agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) stimulated estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase activity in a similar fashion to estradiol in PC3 cells. We observed that DPN down-regulates the ARNT protein levels leading to an attenuation of hypoxia-induced hypoxia response element (HRE)-driven luciferase reporter gene activation in PC3 cells. Treatment of DPN reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and co-treatment with ERβ specific antagonist PHTPP abrogated the effect in PC3 cells. We then examined the effect of DPN in ERβ transfected MCF-7 cells. HIF-1 transcriptional activity repression by ERβ was not further reduced by DPN, as examined by HRE-driven luciferase assays. Expression of ERβ significantly decreased VEGF secretion and ARNT expression under hypoxic conditions. However, DPN did not additionally affect this suppression in MCF-7 cells transfected with ERβ. This result shows that unliganded ERβ is sufficient to inhibit HIF-1 in systems of overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choa Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, Sejong University, Kwangjingu, Kunjadong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungJoo Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, Sejong University, Kwangjingu, Kunjadong, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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Eskenazi B, Warner M, Sirtori M, Fuerst T, Rauch SA, Brambilla P, Mocarelli P, Rubinacci A. Serum dioxin concentrations and bone density and structure in the Seveso Women's Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:51-7. [PMID: 24240199 PMCID: PMC3888571 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a widespread environmental contaminant, is a known endocrine disruptor. In animal studies, TCDD exposure impairs bone metabolism and increases fragility. To our knowledge, no epidemiologic studies have examined this association. OBJECTIVES On 10 July 1976, a chemical explosion in Seveso, Italy, resulted in the highest known residential exposure to TCDD. In 1996, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study, a retrospective cohort study of the health of the women. In 2008, we followed up the cohort. Here, we evaluated the association between TCDD exposure and bone structure and geometry in adulthood, and considered whether timing of TCDD exposure before achievement of peak bone mass (assumed to occur 2 years after onset of menarche) modified the association. METHODS Individual TCDD concentration was measured in archived serum collected soon after the explosion. In 2008, 350 women who were <20 years old in 1976 underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone scan. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and hip, and hip geometry was extracted from hip DXA scans using the hip structural analysis method. RESULTS Among premenopausal women, TCDD serum levels were associated with some indexes indicating better bone structure in women exposed before peak bone mass (n=219), with stronger associations in those exposed before 5 years of age (n=46). In contrast, among postmenopausal women, TCDD levels were associated with evidence of better bone structure in women exposed after peak bone mass (n=48) than in other women (n=18). CONCLUSIONS Our current results do not support the hypothesis that postnatal TCDD exposure adversely affects adult bone health. Continued follow-up of women who were youngest at exposure is warranted. Future studies should also focus on those exposed in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Safe S, Lee SO, Jin UH. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in carcinogenesis and potential as a drug target. Toxicol Sci 2013; 135:1-16. [PMID: 23771949 PMCID: PMC3748760 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is highly expressed in multiple organs and tissues, and there is increasing evidence that the AHR plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and disease. The AHR is expressed in multiple tumor types, in cancer cell lines, and in tumors from animal models, and the function of the AHR has been determined by RNA interference, overexpression, and inhibition studies. With few exceptions, knockdown of the AHR resulted in decreased proliferation and/or invasion and migration of cancer cell lines, and in vivo studies in mice overexpressing the constitutively active AHR exhibited enhanced stomach and liver cancers, suggesting a pro-oncogenic role for the AHR. In contrast, loss of the AHR in transgenic mice that spontaneously develop colonic tumors and in carcinogen-induced liver tumors resulted in increased carcinogenesis, suggesting that the receptor may exhibit antitumorigenic activity prior to tumor formation. AHR ligands also either enhanced or inhibited tumorigenesis, and these effects were highly tumor specific, demonstrating that selective AHR modulators that exhibit agonist or antagonist activities represent an important new class of anticancer agents that can be directed against multiple tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA.
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40
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel tamoxifen analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4120-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zama AM, Uzumcu M. Targeted genome-wide methylation and gene expression analyses reveal signaling pathways involved in ovarian dysfunction after developmental EDC exposure in rats. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:52. [PMID: 23303685 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient exposure to methoxychlor (MXC), an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical, during fetal and neonatal stages causes ovarian dysfunction in pubertal, adult, and aging animals. Adult animals have reduced number of ovulations and abnormal follicular composition associated with altered gene expression and DNA methylation patterns. To test the hypothesis that the ovarian epigenomic changes induced by MXC are detectable following the exposure period, leading to altered gene expression by adulthood, we conducted a targeted genome-wide methylation study using Nimblegen 3x720K CpG Island Plus RefSeq Promoter Arrays. Control (vehicle), low-dose MXC (20 μg/kg/day), or high-dose MXC (100 mg/kg/day) treatments were administered between Embryonic Day 19 and Postnatal Day (PND) 7. Ovaries were collected at PND 7 immediately after exposure or at adulthood, PND 60. Array hybridizations were conducted with genomic DNA after methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and the array data were analyzed. DNA methylation events were functionally annotated, and candidate loci common to all the treatments or unique to some treatments were identified. Specific loci encoding signaling molecules such as the regulatory subunit p85 of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene, insulin receptor, and forkhead box protein O3 were identified to be hypermethylated in MXC-treated ovaries at PND 7 and/or PND 60. Examination of gene expression changes with TaqMan low-density arrays revealed that nearly 25% of the genes that were assayed were downregulated. These data demonstrate that key molecules in specific signaling pathways such as PTEN signaling, IGF-1 signaling, or rapid estrogen signaling are epigenetically altered in MXC-exposed ovaries, which is associated with ovarian dysfunction and female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Mahakali Zama
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Anderson G, Beischlag TV, Vinciguerra M, Mazzoccoli G. The circadian clock circuitry and the AHR signaling pathway in physiology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1405-16. [PMID: 23438471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Life forms populating the Earth must face environmental challenges to assure individual and species survival. The strategies predisposed to maintain organismal homeostasis and grant selective advantage rely on anticipatory phenomena facing periodic modifications, and compensatory phenomena facing unpredictable changes. Biological processes bringing about these responses are respectively driven by the circadian timing system, a complex of biological oscillators entrained to the environmental light/dark cycle, and by regulatory and metabolic networks that precisely direct the body's adjustments to variations of external conditions and internal milieu. A critical role in organismal homeostatic functions is played by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) complex, which senses environmental and endogenous compounds, influences metabolic responses controlling phase I/II gene expression, and modulates vital phenomena such as development, inflammation and adaptive immunity. A physiological cross-talk between circadian and AHR signaling pathways has been evidenced. The alteration of AHR signaling pathway deriving from genetic damage with polymorphisms or mutations, or produced by exogenous or endogenous AHR activation, and chronodisruption caused by mismatch between the body's internal clock and geophysical time/social schedules, are capable of triggering pathological mechanisms involved in metabolic, immune-related and neoplastic diseases. On the other hand, the molecular components of the circadian clock circuitry and AHR signaling pathway may represent useful tools for preventive interventions and valuable targets of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- Clinical Research Centre/Communications, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Bugel SM, White LA, Cooper KR. Inhibition of vitellogenin gene induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AHR2) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:1-8. [PMID: 23142599 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenins are hepatically derived yolk-protein precursors required for oogenesis in all oviparous teleosts. Altered gene-regulation of vitellogenesis by environmental contaminants can have profound effects on reproductive success, and ultimately population sustainability. To better understand chemical effects on vitellogenin gene regulation, we tested the hypothesis that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AHR2) by dioxin inhibits the estrogen receptor pathway regulation of 3 vitellogenin genes (vtg1-3) in vivo, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model teleost. Using an embryo-larval bioassay, embryos were either treated with 1000 pptr (parts-per-trillion, pg/mL) 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) alone from 6h post fertilization (hpf) to 4 days post fertilization (dpf), or pre-treated with dioxin (4-5 hpf) prior to EE2. Pre-treatment with 400 pptr 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) or 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibited the EE2 induction of vtg1, vtg2 and vtg3 by >95% (p≤0.05). In comparison, a splice-blocking AHR2 morpholino used to down-regulate ahr2 expression significantly reduced the inhibition of vtg1, vtg2 and vtg3 by 400 pptr 2,3,7,8-TCDD (20.7-27.4% rescue). These studies demonstrate that 2,3,7,8-TCDD directly inhibits the vitellogenin pathway in vivo through activation of the AHR2. This work provides evidence for AHR2 dependent cross-talk inhibition of vitellogenin genes and offers insight into anti-estrogenic reproductive effects observed in oviparous species exposed to AHR agonist contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, 08901, United States.
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Gjernes MH, Schlenk D, Arukwe A. Estrogen receptor-hijacking by dioxin-like 3,3'4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) in salmon hepatocytes involves both receptor activation and receptor protein stability. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 124-125:197-208. [PMID: 22982498 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several hypotheses have been proposed explaining the interactions between estrogen receptor (ER) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathways in both fish and mammalian systems. In both piscine and mammalian systems, ligand-activated AhR may recruit basal ER (i.e. hijack) in the absence of ER ligand and bind to the estrogen responsive elements (ERE) to activate ER-responsive genes. We have evaluated, the roles of receptor activation and receptor-protein stability on dioxin-like [3,3'4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl: PCB 126] mediated ER-hijacking in a salmon in vitro system. Primary salmon hepatocytes were exposed to PCB126 (1, 10 and 50 nM) with or without an ER-antagonist (ICI), putative AhR inhibitor (3',4'-dimethoxyflavone; DMF) or protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide; CHX). Hepatocytes were exposed for 6, 12 and 24h. The expression of genes and proteins involved in ER (ERα, ERβ and vitellogenin) and AhR (CYP1A1, AhR-repressor, AhR2-isotypes and cofactors) pathways were analysed using qPCR and immunochemical methods. PCB126 induced transcripts of ER and AhR signalling pathways that were variably influenced by protein synthesis and receptor inhibitors. CHX stimulated a coordinated recruitment of the proteasome complex, resulting in the ubiquitination and degradation of ER and AhR isoforms and downstream protein products. Interestingly, DMF produced differential effects on the AhR signalling pathway, in the presence or absence of PCB126. Overall, ER-hijacking by dioxin-like compounds and subsequent activation of ER responsive genes involves both receptor activation/deactivation and receptor-protein degradation/destabilization (stability). Given that the Per-AhR/Arnt-Sim homology sequence of transcription factors usually associate with each other to form heterodimers and bind the XRE or ERE sequences in the promoter regions of target genes to regulate their expression, the complete mechanism of interactions between dioxin-like and estrogenic compounds in vertebrate systems may require additional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine H Gjernes
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Swedenborg E, Kotka M, Seifert M, Kanno J, Pongratz I, Rüegg J. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 3-methylcholanthrene regulate distinct genetic networks. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 362:39-47. [PMID: 22634562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The two estrogen receptor isoforms ERα and ERβ mediate biological effects of estrogens, but are also targets for endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs), compounds that interfere with hormonal signaling. 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and dioxin (TCDD) are EDCs and prototypical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, and can inhibit ER signaling. However, in contrast to TCDD, 3-MC gives rise to metabolites with estrogenic properties. We compared gene expression profiles in HepG2 cells after exposure to 3-MC, TCDD, and the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Interestingly, we observed little overlap between the genetic networks activated by 3-MC and TCDD, two compounds sometimes considered as interchangeable AhR ligands. Like DES, 3-MC induced a number of ER-regulated genes and lead to recruitment of ERα to the promoters of such genes. Interestingly, in contrast to DES, the estrogenic effects exerted by 3-MC were exclusively observed in ERα, but not in ERβ-expressing cells, suggesting ER isoform selectivity of 3-MC-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Swedenborg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
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Darrah SD, Miller MA, Ren D, Hoh NZ, Scanlon JM, Conley YP, Wagner AK. Genetic variability in glutamic acid decarboxylase genes: associations with post-traumatic seizures after severe TBI. Epilepsy Res 2012; 103:180-94. [PMID: 22840783 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Post traumatic seizures (PTS) occur frequently after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission is central to excitotoxicity and seizure development across multiple models, we investigated how genetic variability for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) influences risk for PTS. Using both a tagging and functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach, we genotyped the GAD1 and GAD2 genes and linked them with PTS data, regarding time to first seizure, obtained for 257 adult subjects with severe TBI. No significant associations were found for GAD2. In the GAD1 gene, the tagging SNP (tSNP) rs3828275 was associated with an increased risk for PTS occurring <1 wk. The tSNP rs769391 and the functional SNP rs3791878 in the GAD1 gene were associated with increased PTS risk occurring 1 wk-6 mo post-injury. Both risk variants conferred an increased susceptibility to PTS compared to subjects with 0-1 risk variant. Also, those with haplotypes having both risk variants had a higher PTS risk 1 wk-6 mo post-injury than those without these haplotypes. Similarly, diplotype analysis showed those with 2 copies of the haplotype containing both risk alleles were at the highest PTS risk. These results implicate genetic variability within the GABA system in modulating the development of PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun D Darrah
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 202, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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O'Neill F, Madden SF, Aherne ST, Clynes M, Crown J, Doolan P, O'Connor R. Gene expression changes as markers of early lapatinib response in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:41. [PMID: 22709873 PMCID: PMC3439312 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lapatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of HER2 and EGFR and is approved, in combination with capecitabine, for the treatment of trastuzumab-refractory metastatic breast cancer. In order to establish a possible gene expression response to lapatinib, a panel of breast cancer cell lines with varying sensitivity to lapatinib were analysed using a combination of microarray and qPCR profiling. Methods Co-inertia analysis (CIA), a data integration technique, was used to identify transcription factors associated with the lapatinib response on a previously published dataset of 96 microarrays. RNA was extracted from BT474, SKBR3, EFM192A, HCC1954, MDAMB453 and MDAMB231 breast cancer cell lines displaying a range of lapatinib sensitivities and HER2 expression treated with 1 μM of lapatinib for 12 hours and quantified using Taqman RT-PCR. A fold change ≥ ± 2 was considered significant. Results A list of 421 differentially-expressed genes and 8 transcription factors (TFs) whose potential regulatory impact was inferred in silico, were identified as associated with lapatinib response. From this group, a panel of 27 genes (including the 8 TFs) were selected for qPCR validation. 5 genes were determined to be significantly differentially expressed following the 12 hr treatment of 1 μM lapatinib across all six cell lines. Furthermore, the expression of 4 of these genes (RB1CC1, FOXO3A, NR3C1 and ERBB3) was directly correlated with the degree of sensitivity of the cell line to lapatinib and their expression was observed to “switch” from up-regulated to down-regulated when the cell lines were arranged in a lapatinib-sensitive to insensitive order. These included the novel lapatinib response-associated genes RB1CC1 and NR3C1. Additionally, Cyclin D1 (CCND1), a common regulator of the other four proteins, was also demonstrated to observe a proportional response to lapatinib exposure. Conclusions A panel of 5 genes were determined to be differentially expressed in response to lapatinib at the 12 hour time point examined. The expression of these 5 genes correlated directly with lapatinib sensitivity. We propose that the gene expression profile may represent both an early measure of the likelihood of sensitivity and the level of response to lapatinib and may therefore have application in early response detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona O'Neill
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Tammimies K, Tapia-Páez I, Rüegg J, Rosin G, Kere J, Gustafsson JÅ, Nalvarte I. The rs3743205 SNP is important for the regulation of the dyslexia candidate gene DYX1C1 by estrogen receptor β and DNA methylation. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:619-29. [PMID: 22383464 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is involved in numerous physiological processes such as growth, differentiation, and function of the male and female reproductive tissues. In the developing brain, estrogen signaling has been linked to cognitive functions, such as learning and memory; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. We have previously shown a link between developmental dyslexia and estrogen signaling, when we studied the functional interactions between the dyslexia candidate protein DYX1C1 and the estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ). Here, we investigate the 17β-estradiol (E2)-dependent regulation of dyslexia susceptibility 1 candidate 1 (DYX1C1) expression. We demonstrate that ERβ, not ERα, binds to a transcriptionally active cis-regulatory region upstream of DYX1C1 transcriptional start site and that DYX1C1 expression is enhanced by E2 in a neuroblastoma cell line. This regulation is dependent on transcription factor II-I and liganded ERβ recruitment to this region. In addition, we describe that a single nucleotide polymorphism previously shown to be associated with dyslexia and located in the cis-regulatory region of DYX1C1 may alter the epigenetic and endocrine regulation of this gene. Our data provide important molecular insights into the relationship between developmental dyslexia susceptibility and estrogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Tammimies
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
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Ohno M, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M. Sudan III dye strongly induces CYP1A1 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:16-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Distinct roles for aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator and ah receptor in estrogen-mediated signaling in human cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29545. [PMID: 22235307 PMCID: PMC3250444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The activated AHR/ARNT complex (AHRC) regulates the expression of target genes upon exposure to environmental contaminants such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Importantly, evidence has shown that TCDD represses estrogen receptor (ER) target gene activation through the AHRC. Our data indicates that AHR and ARNT act independently from each other at non-dioxin response element sites. Therefore, we sought to determine the specific functions of AHR and ARNT in estrogen-dependent signaling in human MCF7 breast cancer and human ECC-1 endometrial carcinoma cells. Knockdown of AHR with siRNA abrogates dioxin-inducible repression of estrogen-dependent gene transcription. Intriguingly, knockdown of ARNT does not effect TCDD-mediated repression of estrogen-regulated transcription, suggesting that AHR represses ER function independently of ARNT. This theory is supported by the ability of the selective AHR modulator 3′,4′-dimethoxy-α-naphthoflavone (DiMNF) to repress estrogen-inducible transcription. Furthermore, basal and estrogen-activated transcription of the genes encoding cathepsin-D and pS2 are down-regulated in MCF7 cells but up-regulated in ECC-1 cells in response to loss of ARNT. These responses are mirrored at the protein level with cathepsin-D. Furthermore, knock-down of ARNT led to opposite but corresponding changes in estrogen-stimulated proliferation in both MCF7 and ECC-1 cells. We have obtained experimental evidence demonstrating a dioxin-dependent repressor function for AHR and a dioxin-independent co-activator/co-repressor function for ARNT in estrogen signalling. These results provide us with further insight into the mechanisms of transcription factor crosstalk and putative therapeutic targets in estrogen-positive cancers.
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