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Johnson JR, Mavingire N, Woods-Burnham L, Walker M, Lewis D, Hooker SE, Galloway D, Rivers B, Kittles RA. The complex interplay of modifiable risk factors affecting prostate cancer disparities in African American men. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:422-432. [PMID: 38307952 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed non-skin malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the USA. However, the mortality rate of African American men aged 40-60 years is almost 2.5-fold greater than that of European American men. Despite screening and diagnostic and therapeutic advances, disparities in prostate cancer incidence and outcomes remain prevalent. The reasons that lead to this disparity in outcomes are complex and multifactorial. Established non-modifiable risk factors such as age and genetic predisposition contribute to this disparity; however, evidence suggests that modifiable risk factors (including social determinants of health, diet, steroid hormones, environment and lack of diversity in enrolment in clinical trials) are prominent contributing factors to the racial disparities observed. Disparities involved in the diagnosis, treatment and survival of African American men with prostate cancer have also been correlated with low socioeconomic status, education and lack of access to health care. The effects and complex interactions of prostate cancer modifiable risk factors are important considerations for mitigating the incidence and outcomes of this disease in African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nicole Mavingire
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mya Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Deyana Lewis
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stanley E Hooker
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy Galloway
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Brian Rivers
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Liadi Y, Campbell T, Dike P, Harlemon M, Elliott B, Odero-Marah V. Prostate cancer metastasis and health disparities: a systematic review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:183-191. [PMID: 37046071 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men, significantly contributes to increased mortality rates worldwide. While the causative death is due to advanced metastatic disease, this occurrence disproportionately impacts men of African descent compared to men of European descent. In this review, we describe potential mechanisms underlying PCa metastases disparities and current treatments for metastatic disease among these populations, differences in treatment outcomes, and survival rates, in hopes of highlighting a need to address disparities in PCa metastases. METHODS We reviewed existing literature using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using the following keywords: "prostate cancer metastases", "metastatic prostate cancer disparity", "metastatic prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment", "prostate cancer genetic differences and mechanisms", "genetic differences and prostate tumor microenvironment", and "men of African descent and access to clinical treatments". The inclusion criteria for literature usage were original research articles and review articles. RESULTS Studies indicate unique genetic signatures and molecular mechanisms such as Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), inflammation, and growth hormone signaling involved in metastatic PCa disparities. Clinical studies also demonstrate differences in treatment outcomes that are race-specific, for example, patients of African descent have a better response to enzalutamide and immunotherapy yet have less access to these drugs as compared to patients of European descent. CONCLUSIONS Growing evidence suggests a connection between a patient's genetic profile, the prostate tumor microenvironment, and social determinants of health that contribute to the aggressiveness of metastatic disease and treatment outcomes. With several potential pathways highlighted, the limitations in current diagnostic and therapeutic applications that target disparity in PCa metastases warrant rigorous research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Liadi
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Taaliah Campbell
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Precious Dike
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Maxine Harlemon
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Bethtrice Elliott
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
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3
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Saha A, Kolonin MG, DiGiovanni J. Obesity and prostate cancer - microenvironmental roles of adipose tissue. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:579-596. [PMID: 37198266 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to have important roles in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness and increased mortality. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated for these clinical observations, including effects of diet and lifestyle, systemic changes in energy balance and hormonal regulation and activation of signalling by growth factors and cytokines and other components of the immune system. Over the past decade, research on obesity has shifted towards investigating the role of peri-prostatic white adipose tissue as an important source of locally produced factors that stimulate prostate cancer progression. Cells that comprise white adipose tissue, the adipocytes and their progenitor adipose stromal cells (ASCs), which proliferate to accommodate white adipose tissue expansion in obesity, have been identified as important drivers of obesity-associated cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipocytes are a source of lipids that are used by adjacent prostate cancer cells. However, results of preclinical studies indicate that ASCs promote tumour growth by remodelling extracellular matrix and supporting neovascularization, contributing to the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through paracrine signalling. Because epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with cancer chemotherapy resistance and metastasis, ASCs are considered to be potential targets of therapies that could be developed to suppress cancer aggressiveness in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Disease, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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4
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Bugoye FC, Torrorey-Sawe R, Biegon R, Dharsee N, Mafumiko FMS, Patel K, Mining SK. Mutational spectrum of DNA damage and mismatch repair genes in prostate cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1231536. [PMID: 37732318 PMCID: PMC10507418 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1231536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, a number of studies have revealed that a significant number of men with prostate cancer had genetic defects in the DNA damage repair gene response and mismatch repair genes. Certain of these modifications, notably gene alterations known as homologous recombination (HRR) genes; PALB2, CHEK2 BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and genes for DNA mismatch repair (MMR); MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 are connected to a higher risk of prostate cancer and more severe types of the disease. The DNA damage repair (DDR) is essential for constructing and diversifying the antigen receptor genes required for T and B cell development. But this DDR imbalance results in stress on DNA replication and transcription, accumulation of mutations, and even cell death, which compromises tissue homeostasis. Due to these impacts of DDR anomalies, tumor immunity may be impacted, which may encourage the growth of tumors, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and aberrant immune reactions. In a similar vein, people who have altered MMR gene may benefit greatly from immunotherapy. Therefore, for these treatments, mutational genetic testing is indicated. Mismatch repair gene (MMR) defects are also more prevalent than previously thought, especially in patients with metastatic disease, high Gleason scores, and diverse histologies. This review summarizes the current information on the mutation spectrum and clinical significance of DDR mechanisms, such as HRR and MMR abnormalities in prostate cancer, and explains how patient management is evolving as a result of this understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelis Charles Bugoye
- Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, Directorate of Forensic Science and DNA Services, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Rispah Torrorey-Sawe
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Richard Biegon
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Fidelice M. S. Mafumiko
- Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, Directorate of Forensic Science and DNA Services, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kirtika Patel
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Simeon K. Mining
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
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Wanjari UR, Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV, Murali R, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Ganesan R. Role of Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:183. [PMID: 36837801 PMCID: PMC9962346 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the common cause of death in men. The pathophysiological factors contributing to PCa are not well known. PCa cells gain a protective mechanism via abnormal lipid signaling and metabolism. PCa cells modify their metabolism in response to an excessive intake of nutrients to facilitate advancement. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is inextricably linked to the carcinogenic progression of PCa, which heightens the severity of the disease. It is hypothesized that changes in the metabolism of the mitochondria contribute to the onset of PCa. The studies of particular alterations in the progress of PCa are best accomplished by examining the metabolome of prostate tissue. Due to the inconsistent findings written initially, additional epidemiological research is required to identify whether or not MetS is an aspect of PCa. There is a correlation between several risk factors and the progression of PCa, one of which is MetS. The metabolic symbiosis between PCa cells and the tumor milieu and how this type of crosstalk may aid in the development of PCa is portrayed in this work. This review focuses on in-depth analysis and evaluation of the metabolic changes that occur within PCa, and also aims to assess the effect of metabolic abnormalities on the aggressiveness status and metabolism of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Belkahla S, Nahvi I, Biswas S, Nahvi I, Ben Amor N. Advances and development of prostate cancer, treatment, and strategies: A systemic review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:991330. [PMID: 36158198 PMCID: PMC9501970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.991330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common type of cancer in the present-day world affecting modern-day men after lung cancer is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer remains on the list of top three cancer types claiming the highest number of male lives. An estimated 1.4 million new cases were reported worldwide in 2020. The incidence of prostate cancer is found predominantly in the regions having a high human development index. Despite the fact that considerable success has been achieved in the treatment and management of prostate cancer, it remains a challenge for scientists and clinicians to curve the speedy advancement of the said cancer type. The most common risk factor of prostate cancer is age; men tend to become more vulnerable to prostate cancer as they grow older. Commonly men in the age group of 66 years and above are the most vulnerable population to develop prostate cancer. The gulf countries are not far behind when it came to accounting for the number of individuals falling prey to the deadly cancer type in recent times. There has been a consistent increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the gulf countries in the past decade. The present review aims at discussing the development, diagnostics via machine learning, and implementation of treatment of prostate cancer with a special focus on nanotherapeutics, in the gulf countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Belkahla
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Insha Nahvi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Supratim Biswas
- University of Cape Town, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Irum Nahvi
- College of Computer Engineering and Science, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhal Ben Amor
- Public Health Department, Veterinary College, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Suri Y, Yasmeh JP, Basu A. Understanding the Uptake and Challenges of Genetic Testing Guidelines for Prostate Cancer Patients. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100588. [PMID: 35759831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have confirmed a high prevalence of prognostic germline mutations in prostate cancer. In recognition, the NCCN guidelines and recommendations for genetic counselling (GC) in prostate cancer patients were expanded. METHODS Data on prostate cancer patients at a single tertiary cancer center from January 2019 - June 2019 were queried. The cohort of patients from the queried list were evaluated for their eligibility for genetic testing. From the patients that were eligible for testing, the rate of referrals was ascertained. A 10-item questionnaire was concurrently sent to providers to understand germline genetic testing patterns and potential barriers. RESULTS Only 39% of the eligible prostate cancer patients were referred, with testing completed in 11% with indications. 30% of providers reported they would be comfortable completing genetic counseling themselves. The identified barriers to provide genetic testing themselves were lack of time and expertise (50%). Other barriers included: lack of genetic counselor workforce (70%), lack of knowledge of genetic testing and the inadequate co-ordination of referrals (60%). CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, many patients met the criteria for GC, however, the referrals for this patient population are inconsistent, and only a handful of the eligible patients completed testing. Identified barriers were provider's knowledge and comfort with guidelines and testing, systemic bottlenecks such as limited capacity of genetic counsellors, and the creation of improved workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Suri
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Birmingham, AL United States; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ United States
| | | | - Arnab Basu
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Birmingham, AL United States.
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8
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Gao X, Li R, Jin T, Tang H. The Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Large-Scale Investigation and Study of Chinese. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:787268. [PMID: 35669684 PMCID: PMC9164813 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.787268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and prostate cancer (PCa). Methods This study enrolled 482 943 consecutive men who underwent routine health checkups at the Health Management Center of West China Hospital Between 2010 and 2017. For patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or color Doppler ultrasound indicating abnormal prostates, we recommended prostate puncture and follow-up. We used the chi-square test and independent t-test for categorical variables and continuous variables, respectively. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of MetS and its components on prostate cancer risk. Results We found that the incidence of PCa in Chinese men over 40 years of age was 0.1%. Among the 85882 participants, 31.5% (27016/85882) of the patients were diagnosed with MetS. PCa was associated with older age, higher PSA levels, lighter weight and shorter height, hypertension, elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HDL cholesterol level, lower triglycerides. After excluded the interference of other factors in multivariate logistic analysis, we found that MetS, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity were not related to the risk of PCa. High age and PSA levels were risk factors for prostate cancer. Conclusions High age and PSA levels were risk factors for prostate cancer. MetS, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity were not related to the risk of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruicen Li
- Department of Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huairong Tang
- Department of Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Ye F, Han X, Shao Y, Lo J, Zhang F, Wang J, Melamed J, Deng FM, Sfanos KS, De Marzo A, Ren G, Wang D, Zhang D, Lee P. Identification of novel biomarkers differentially expressed between African-American and Caucasian-American prostate cancer patients. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1660-1670. [PMID: 35530298 PMCID: PMC9077070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rate vary among racial and ethnic groups with the highest occurrence in African American (AA) men who have mortality rates twice that of Caucasians (CA). In this study, we focused on differential expression of proteins in AA prostate cancer compared to CA using Protein Pathway Array Analysis (PPAA), in order to identify protein biomarkers associated with PCa racial disparity. Fresh frozen prostate samples (n=90) obtained from radical prostatectomy specimens with PCa, including 25 AA tumor, 21 AA benign, 23 CA tumor, 21 CA benign samples were analyzed. A total of 286 proteins and phosphoproteins were assessed using PPAA. By PPAA analysis, 33 proteins were found to be significantly differentially expressed in tumor tissue (n=48, including both CA and AA) in comparison to benign tissue (n=42). We further compared protein expression levels between AA and CA tumor groups and found that 3 proteins were differentially expressed (P<0.05 and q<5%). Aurora was found to be significantly increased in AA tumors, while Cyclin D1 and HNF-3a proteins were downregulated in AA tumors. Predicted risk score was significantly different between AA and CA ethnic groups using logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, we identified Aurora, Cyclin D1 and HNF-3a proteins as being differentially expressed between AA and CA in PCa tissue. Our study suggests that these proteins might be involved in different pathways that lead to aggressive PCa behavior in AA patients, potentially serving as biomarkers for the PCa racial disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Department of Biostatstics, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Yonzhao Shao
- Department of Biostatstics, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Jingzhi Lo
- Department of Genomic Medicine Unit, SanofiWaltham, MA, USA
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Fang-Ming Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Dongwen Wang
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen CenterGuangdong, China
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
- Department of New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
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10
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Ahmed RO, Sewram V, Oyesegun AR, Ayele B, van Wyk A, Fernandez P. A comparison of clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer between Nigerian and South African black men. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2022; 28:6. [PMID: 35280496 PMCID: PMC8897758 DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is the commonest non-cutaneous male malignancy. It is more aggressive among black men with little known reasons as to the cause and continued trend among black men. This disproportionate pattern of PCa especially among black men of African ancestry resident in Africa calls for a closer look. Nigeria and South Africa, combined, have the highest cumulative risk incidence of PCa in Africa. The present study investigated the clinicopathologic behaviour of PCa among Nigerian and South African black men and the relationship between the disease and socio-demographic characteristics alongside medical co-morbidities.
Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken in which de-identified records of 234 black men with pathologically confirmed PCa between 2007 and 2017 from two tertiary hospitals, in Nigeria (National Hospital, Abuja) and South Africa (Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town), were reviewed.
Results
Median age at presentation from both countries was 66 years (interquartile range, IQR 61–73 years) while the median PSA at presentation was 46 ng/ml (IQR 16–336.5 ng/ml). Half of the men (117/234) presented with locally advanced disease while metastatic disease was observed in 65.9% (27/41) of Nigerian men and 34.1% (14/41) of South African men. Thirty-three per cent of the men presented with organ-confined disease. Overall, Nigerian men presented with less organ-confined disease and significantly higher stage of disease (p < 0.001). Risk stratification using PSA, Gleason scores and T-staging showed that 84.2% (n = 197) of all the men presented with high-risk PCa disease. There was a statistically significant difference between Nigerian and South African black men (p = 0.003) in terms of disease risk at presentation. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (Adjusted OR 1.053 (95% CI 1.003–1.106), p = 0.003) and country of residence (Adjusted OR 4.281 (95% CI 1.690–10.844), p = 0.002) had a statistically significant relationship with high risk of PCa while disease co-morbidities (like diabetes and hypertension) and rural/urban location in both countries did not.
Conclusions
Disparities exist between PCa presentation and clinicopathologic behaviour among Nigerian and South African black men. Nigerian men showed higher disease risk at presentation. Environmental-genetic interactions need further exploration in the aetio-pathogenesis of PCa in black men of African ancestry.
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11
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Zenner ML, Helou YB, Deaton RJ, Sverdlov M, Wang H, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Macias V, Voisine C, Murray M, Abdulkadir SA, Murphy AB, Nonn L. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are lower in prostate tumor tissue and inversely related to proportion of West African ancestry. Prostate 2022; 82:306-313. [PMID: 34855273 PMCID: PMC8753724 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolism of normal prostate relies on glycolysis, with prostate cancer having reduced glycolysis and increased aerobic metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in tissues as a result of age and glycolytic rate. Differential AGE levels were recently observed in prostate cancer tissues. Herein we sought to quantify AGEs in benign and cancer prostate tissue in a diverse cohort of patients. METHODS Levels of the AGE Nε-(carboxylethyl)lysine (CML) were quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a tissue microarray which consisted of 3 cores from tumor and 2 cores from benign areas from 118 patients (87 African American and 31 European American). Ancestry informative markers for African Ancestry were available for 79 patients. Epithelial and stromal areas were quantified separately using an E-cadherin mask. CML levels were compared with clinical grade group and ancestry by mixed linear effect models. Age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1C were included as covariates. RESULTS CML levels were lower in areas of the tumor, for both epithelium and surrounding stroma, compared with benign, but did not significantly change with tumor grade group. Age, PSA levels, BMI, and hemoglobin A1C did not associate with CML levels. CML levels were inversely associated with the percentage of African Ancestry in all tissues. CONCLUSIONS The low CML levels in cancer may reflect the reduced glycolytic state of the tissue. The inverse relationship between African Ancestry and CML levels in both benign and cancer areas suggests a state of reduced glycolysis. It is yet to be determined whether altered glycolysis and CML levels are bystanders or drivers of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Zenner
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yves B Helou
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan J Deaton
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Univeristy of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Univeristy of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cindy Voisine
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Univeristy of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Roebuck E, Sha W, Lu C, Miller C, Burgess E, Grigg C, Zhu J, Gaston KE, Riggs S, Matulay JT, Clark PE, Kearns J. Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in MRI-Fusion Biopsy Utilization to Assess for Prostate Cancer. Urology 2022; 163:156-163. [PMID: 34995563 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether racial disparities in MRI-Bx usage persisted after correction for socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical factors. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who received either MRI-Bx or systematic biopsy (SB) within a single academic medical center between January 2018 - June 2020. For each patient, socioeconomic variables including household income, education, percent below poverty, and unemployment were estimated using 2015 American Community Survey census-tract level data. Chi-square analysis was used to examine differences in clinical and demographic characteristics between the two groups. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to control false discovery rate (FDR) for multiple testing. RESULTS Eighteen percent of Black men (53/295) received MRI-Bx while 41% (228/561) of white men received MRI-Bx. Patients coming from highly impoverished areas were less likely to receive MRI-Bx, 25% versus 75%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, race remained significantly different across MRI-Bx and SB groups. Clinical factors including family history, DRE, BMI, and prostate volume were not significantly different between patients receiving MRI-Bx and SB. CONCLUSIONS Black men are less likely to receive MRI-Bx than white men, even after adjusting for clinical and socioeconomic characteristics. Further work is necessary to identify and study methods to increase equity in PCa diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Roebuck
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Wei Sha
- Department of Cancer Biostatistics, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Caroline Lu
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Caroline Miller
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Earle Burgess
- Department of Medical Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Claud Grigg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Jason Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Kris E Gaston
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Stephen Riggs
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Justin T Matulay
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - James Kearns
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC.
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13
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Expression of Endogenous Retroviral RNA in Prostate Tumors has Prognostic Value and Shows Differences among Americans of African Versus European/Middle Eastern Ancestry. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246347. [PMID: 34944967 PMCID: PMC8699453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are viral sequences that have been incorporated into the human genome over millions of years via integrations in germ-line cells. In this study, we investigated whether the expression of ERVs was associated with two different aspects of prostate cancer (PCa). First, Black American men have a higher incidence and poorer outcome of PCa compared to White men. We identified differences in ERV expression among prostate tumors between men of primarily African versus primarily European or Middle Eastern ancestry, which may be associated with differences in the mechanism of cancer progression in patients of these distinct ancestries. Second, we determined whether ERV expression might be correlated with the progression of disease, regardless of ancestry. We identified the ERV expression signatures that correlated with biochemical relapse among PCa patients of all ancestries, indicating that ERVs may be useful for identifying cancer patients at greatest risk of progression. The utility of ERV expression for studying cancer progression may extend to other cancers. Abstract Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are abundant, repetitive elements dispersed across the human genome and are implicated in various diseases. We investigated two potential roles for ERVs in prostate cancer (PCa). First, the PCa of Black Americans (BA) is diagnosed at an earlier median age and at a more advanced stage than the PCa of White Americans (WA). We used publicly available RNA-seq data from tumor-enriched samples of 27 BA and 65 WA PCa patients in order to identify 12 differentially expressed ERVs (padj < 0.1) and used a tissue microarray of the PCa cores from an independent set of BA and WA patients to validate the differential protein expression of one of these ERVs, ERV3-1 (p = 2.829 × 10−7). Second, we used 57 PCa tumors from patients of all ancestries from one hospital as a training set to identify the ERVs associated with time to biochemical relapse. A 29-ERV prognostic panel was then tested and validated on 35 separate PCa tumors from patients obtained in two different hospitals with a dramatic increase in prognostic power relative to clinical parameters alone (p = 7.4 × 10−11). In summary, ERV RNA expression differences in the prostate tumors of patients of different ancestries may be associated with dissimilarities in the mechanism of cancer progression. In addition, the correlation of expression of certain ERVs in prostate tumors with the risk of biochemical relapse indicates a possible role for ERV expression in cancer progression.
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14
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Kim SH, Kim TJ, Shin D, Hur KJ, Hong SH, Lee JY, Ha US. ROBO1 protein expression is independently associated with biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in Asian patients. Gland Surg 2021; 10:2956-2965. [PMID: 34804883 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between ROBO1 expression and prostate cancer aggressiveness. Methods ROBO1 expression was evaluated in normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) and different prostate cancer cell lines by Western blot analysis. The migration and invasion of native and ROBO1 knockdown cells were evaluated using migration chambers and a Matrigel-coated membrane, respectively. Samples from 145 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between June 2000 and June 2008, were retrieved from the paraffin files for tissue microarray (TMA) with immunohistochemical analysis. Biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods in two groups of patients classified according to the degree of ROBO1 expression (low or high expression). Results ROBO1 is highly expressed in the prostate cancer cell lines. All ROBO1 knockdown cells (PC3, 22Rv1 and DU 145) showed markedly decreased migration and invasiveness compared to native cells. In 145 patients with radical prostatectomy, the Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test for BCR-free survival stratified by ROBO1 expression in organ-confined (pT2) or not (pT3), showed significant differences in 10-year survival between the ROBO1 high and low expression groups (87.2% versus 52.6% in pT2; P=0.047, 51.0% versus 36.9% in pT3; P=0.033). The multivariable-adjusted model showed a markedly increased hazard ratio (HR) in patients with high ROBO1 expression compared to the patients with low ROBO1expression in every model. Conclusions ROBO1 may play an important role in the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells, and was independently associated with BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Shin
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Hur
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U-Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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RNA expression differences in prostate tumors and tumor-adjacent stroma between Black and White Americans. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1457-1469. [PMID: 34316327 PMCID: PMC8310667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) in Black Americans (BA) is diagnosed at an earlier median age and a more advanced stage than PCa in White Americans (WA). Tumor-adjacent stroma (TAS) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis of prostate cancer. We examined RNA expression in both tumor and TAS of BA compared to WA. After evaluating the geographical ancestry of each sample, preliminary analysis of our own RNA-seq data of 7 BA and 7 WA TAS revealed 1706 downregulated and 1844 upregulated genes in BA relative to WA PCa patients (padj < 0.05). An assessment of published RNA-seq data of clinically matched tumor-enriched tissues from 15 BA and 30 WA patients revealed 932 upregulated and 476 downregulated genes in BA relative to WA (padj < 0.05). When TAS and tumor epithelial cohorts were compared for the top 2500 statistically significant genes, immune responses were downregulated in BA vs WA TAS, while T cell-exhaustion pathways and the immune checkpoint gene CTLA4 were upregulated in BA vs WA tumors. We found fewer activated dendritic cells in tumor and more CD8 T-cells in TAS of BA versus WA PCa patients. Further characterization of these differences in the immune response of PCa patients of distinct geographical ancestry could help to improve diagnostics, prognostics, and therapy.
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16
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Ferrari MG, Ganaie AA, Shabenah A, Mansini AP, Wang L, Murugan P, Davicioni E, Wang J, Deng Y, Hoeppner LH, Warlick CA, Konety BR, Saleem M. Identifying and treating ROBO1 -ve /DOCK1 +ve prostate cancer: An aggressive cancer subtype prevalent in African American patients. Prostate 2020; 80:1045-1057. [PMID: 32687658 PMCID: PMC7556361 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to develop novel therapies which could be beneficial to patients with prostate cancer (CaP) including those who are predisposed to poor outcome, such as African-Americans. This study investigates the role of ROBO1-pathway in predicting outcome and race-based disparity in patients with CaP. METHODS AND RESULTS Aided by RNA sequencing-based DECIPHER-testing and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tumors we show that ROBO1 is lost during the progressive stages of CaP, a prevalent feature in African-Americans. We show that the loss of ROBO1 predicts high-risk of recurrence, metastasis and poor outcome of androgen-deprivation therapy in radical prostatectomy-treated patients. These data identified an aggressive ROBO1deficient /DOCK1+ve sub-class of CaP. Combined genetic and IHC data showed that ROBO1 loss is accompanied by DOCK1/Rac1 elevation in grade-III/IV primary-tumors and Mets. We observed that the hypermethylation of ROBO1-promoter contributes to loss of expression that is highly prevalent in African-Americans. Because of limitations in restoring ROBO1 function, we asked if targeting the DOCK1 could be an ideal strategy to inhibit progression or treat ROBO1deficient metastatic-CaP. We tested the pharmacological efficacy of CPYPP, a selective inhibitor of DOCK1 under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Using ROBO1-ve and ROBO1+ve CaP models, we determined the median effective concentration of CPYPP for growth. DOCK1-inhibitor treatment significantly decreased the (a) Rac1-GTP/β-catenin activity, (b) transmigration of ROBO1deficient cells across endothelial lining, and (c) metastatic spread of ROBO1deficient cells through the vasculature of transgenicfl Zebrafish model. CONCLUSION We suggest that ROBO1 status forms as predictive biomarker of outcome in high-risk populations such as African-Americans and DOCK1-targeting therapy has a clinical potential for treating metastatic-CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G. Ferrari
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | - Arsheed A. Ganaie
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | - Ashraf Shabenah
- Institute for Health Informatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | - Adrian P. Mansini
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | - Li Wang
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN
| | - Paari Murugan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Jinhua Wang
- Institute for Health Informatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | - Yibin Deng
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Christopher A. Warlick
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | - Badrinath R. Konety
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
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De Nunzio C, Tema G, Lombardo R, Cicione A, Dell'''''Oglio P, Tubaro A. The role of metabolic syndrome in high grade prostate cancer: development of a clinical nomogram. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2020; 72:729-736. [PMID: 32748618 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.20.03797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study is to develop a clinical nomogram including metabolic syndrome status for the prediction of high-grade prostate cancer (HG PCa). METHODS A series of men at increased risk of PCa undergoing prostate biopsies were enrolled in a single center. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the adult treatment panel III. A nomogram was generated based on the logistic regression model and used to predict high grade prostate cancer defined as grade group ≥3 (ISUP 2014). ROC curves, calibration plots and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram. RESULTS Overall, 738 patients were enrolled. Greater than or equal to 294/738 (40%) of the patients presented PCa and of those patients, 84/294 (39%) presented high grade disease (Grade Group ≥3). On multivariate analysis, DRE (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.80-5.84), PSA (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.16), PV (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99) and MetS (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.13-3.59) were predictors of HG PCa. The nomogram based on the model presented good discrimination (AUC: 0.76), good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow Test, P>0.05) and a net benefit in the range of probabilities between 10% and 70%. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in patients at risk of prostate cancer and is particularly associated with high-grade prostate cancer. Our nomogram offers the possibility to include metabolic status in the assessment of patients at risk of prostate cancer to identify men who may have a high-grade form of the disease. External validation is warranted before its clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Giorgia Tema
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lombardo
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cicione
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Dell'''''Oglio
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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18
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Cruz-Hernández CD, Cruz-Burgos M, Cortés-Ramírez SA, Losada-García A, Camacho-Arroyo I, García-López P, Langley E, González-Covarrubias V, Llaguno-Munive M, Albino-Sánchez ME, Cruz-Colín JL, Pérez-Plasencia C, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Rodríguez-Dorantes M. SFRP1 increases TMPRSS2-ERG expression promoting neoplastic features in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:312. [PMID: 32694934 PMCID: PMC7364616 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second cause of cancer related death in North American men. Androgens play an important role in its progression by regulating the expression of several genes including fusion ones that results from structural chromosome rearrangements. TMPRSS2-ERG is a fusion gene commonly observed in over 50% of PCa tumors, and its expression can be transcriptionally regulated by the androgen receptor (AR) given its androgen responsive elements. TMPRSS2-ERG could be involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during tumor development. ERG has been reported as a key transcriptional factor in the AR-ERG-WNT network where five SFRP proteins, structurally similar to WNT ligands and considered to be WNT pathway antagonists, can regulate signaling in the extracellular space by binding to WNT proteins or Frizzled receptors. It has been shown that over-expression of SFRP1 protein can regulate the transcriptional activity of AR and inhibits the formation of colonies in LNCaP cells. However, the effect of SFRP1 has been controversial since differential effects have been observed depending on its concentration and tissue location. In this study, we explored the role of exogenous SFRP1 protein in cells expressing the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion. Methods To evaluate the effect of exogenous SFRP1 protein on PCa cells expressing TMPRSS2-ERG, we performed in silico analysis from TCGA cohort, expression assays by RT-qPCR and Western blot, cell viability and cell cycle measurements by cytometry, migration and invasion assays by xCELLigance system and murine xenografts. Results We demonstrated that SFRP1 protein increased ERG expression by promoting cellular migration in vitro and increasing tumor growth in vivo in PCa cells with the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion. Conclusions These results suggest the possible role of exogenous SFRP1 protein as a modulator of AR-ERG-WNT signaling network in cells positive to TMPRSS2-ERG. Further, investigation is needed to determine if SFRP1 protein could be a target in against this type of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Marian Cruz-Burgos
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Cortés-Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Alberto Losada-García
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Martha E Albino-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología celular, CINVESTAV, Av Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - José L Cruz-Colín
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | | | - Fredy O Beltrán-Anaya
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
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19
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Gosein MA, Narinesingh D, Motilal S, Ramkissoon AP, Goetz CM, Sadho K, Mosodeen MD, Banfield R. Biparametric MRI prior to Radical Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer in a Caribbean Population: Implications for Risk Group Stratification and Treatment. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2020; 2:e200007. [PMID: 33778724 PMCID: PMC7983799 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2020200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess risk-group migration and subsequent management change following biparametric MRI using a risk-stratified approach in a group of Caribbean men with prostate adenocarcinoma being offered external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study assessed the biparametric MRI findings in men who opted for EBRT from January 2018 to June 2019 (n = 79; mean age, 67.9 years ± 6.2 [standard deviation]). Serum prostate-specific antigen level, digital rectal examination findings, histologic grade group (GG) from transrectal US-guided biopsy, prior androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and any prior CT results were used to stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk categories. Risk-group stratification prior to MRI separated patients into low- (seven of 79 [8.9%]), intermediate- (36 of 79 [45.6%]) and high-risk (36 of 79 [45.6%]) groups. Following MRI, any risk group (low, intermediate, high, nodal involvement, and metastatic disease) or oncologic management changes were recorded. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess predictor of upgrade status, with adjustment for demographic covariates jointly. RESULTS Following MRI, 30 of 79 (38.0%) patients had risk-group upshifts compared with their original assessment. Patients were recategorized into low risk (one of 79, 1.3%), intermediate risk (19 of 79, 24.1%), high risk (51 of 79, 64.6%), nodal involvement (one of 79, 1.3%), and metastatic disease (seven of 79, 8.9%). From the original groupings, there were six of seven (85.7%) from the low group, 18 of 36 (50.0%) from the intermediate group, and six of 36 (16.7%) from the high group that had risk group upward shifts. There was no association with GG: GG2 versus GG1, P = .53; GG3 versus GG1, P = .98; or prior ADT (P = .37) and the adjusted odds of risk-group upshifts. MRI findings resulted in treatment plan modification for 39 of 79 (49.4%) men overall. CONCLUSION Prostate MRI should be considered for patients in high-risk populations prior to EBRT because upstaging from MR image assessment may have implications for modification of treatment.Keywords: MR-Imaging, Prostate, Radiation Therapy© RSNA, 2020See the commentary by Davenport and Shankar in this issue.
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20
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Fletcher SA, Marchese M, Cole AP, Mahal BA, Friedlander DF, Krimphove M, Kilbridge KL, Lipsitz SR, Nguyen PL, Choueiri TK, Kibel AS, Trinh QD. Geographic Distribution of Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Mortality. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e201839. [PMID: 32232449 PMCID: PMC7109596 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE While racial disparities in prostate cancer mortality are well documented, it is not well known how these disparities vary geographically within the US. OBJECTIVE To characterize geographic variation in prostate cancer-specific mortality differences between black and white men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study included data from 17 geographic registries within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2014. Inclusion criteria were men 18 years and older with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer. Men missing data on key variables (ie, cancer stage, Gleason grade group, prostate-specific antigen level, and survival follow-up data) were excluded. Analysis was performed from September 5 to December 25, 2018. EXPOSURE Patient SEER-designated race (ie, black, white, or other). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Fine and Gray competing-risks regression analyses were used to evaluate the difference in prostate-cancer specific mortality between black and white men. A stratified analysis by Gleason grade group was performed stratified as grade group 1 and grade groups 2 through 5. RESULTS The final cohort consisted of 229 771 men, including 178 204 white men (77.6%), 35 006 black men (15.2%), and 16 561 men of other or unknown race (7.2%). Mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 64.9 (8.8) years. There were 4773 prostate cancer deaths among white men and 1250 prostate cancer deaths among black men. Compared with white men, black men had a higher risk of mortality overall (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.39 [95% CI, 1.30-1.48]). In the stratified analysis, there were 4 registries in which black men had worse prostate cancer-specific survival in both Gleason grade group 1 (Atlanta, Georgia: AHR, 5.49 [95% CI, 2.03-14.87]; Greater Georgia: AHR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.10-3.22]; Louisiana: AHR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.06-3.07]; New Jersey: AHR, 2.60 [95% CI, 1.53-4.40]) and Gleason grade groups 2 through 5 (Atlanta: AHR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.46-2.45]; Greater Georgia: AHR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.07-1.56]; Louisiana: AHR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.07-1.54]; New Jersey: AHR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.24-1.87]), although the magnitude of survival difference was lower than for Gleason grade group 1 in each of these registries. The greatest race-based survival difference for men with Gleason grade group 1 disease was in the Atlanta registry. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that population-level differences in prostate cancer survival among black and white men were associated with a small set of geographic areas and with low-risk prostate cancer. Targeted interventions in these areas may help to mitigate prostate cancer care disparities at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Fletcher
- Division of Urological Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maya Marchese
- Division of Urological Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander P. Cole
- Division of Urological Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brandon A. Mahal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David F. Friedlander
- Division of Urological Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marieke Krimphove
- Division of Urological Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kerry L. Kilbridge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stuart R. Lipsitz
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul L. Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urological Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Division of Urological Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Creed JH, Berglund AE, Rounbehler RJ, Awasthi S, Cleveland JL, Park JY, Yamoah K, Gerke TA. Commercial Gene Expression Tests for Prostate Cancer Prognosis Provide Paradoxical Estimates of Race-Specific Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:246-253. [PMID: 31757784 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial gene expression signatures of prostate cancer prognosis were developed and validated in cohorts of predominantly European American men (EAM). Limited research exists on the value of such signatures in African American men (AAM), who have poor prostate cancer outcomes. We explored differences in gene expression between EAM and AAM for three commercially available panels recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network for prostate cancer prognosis. METHODS A total of 232 EAM and 95 AAM patients provided radical prostatectomy specimens. Gene expression was quantified using NanoString for 60 genes spanning the Oncotype DX Prostate, Prolaris, and Decipher panels. A continuous expression-based risk score was approximated for each. Differential expression, intrapanel coexpression, and risk by race were assessed. RESULTS Clinical and pathologic features were similar between AAM and EAM. Differential expression by race was observed for 48% of genes measured, although the magnitudes of expression differences were small. Coexpression patterns were more strongly preserved by race group for Oncotype DX and Decipher than Prolaris. Poorer prognosis was estimated in EAM versus AAM for Oncotype DX (P < 0.001), whereas negligible prognostic differences were predicted between AAM and EAM using Prolaris or Decipher (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Because of observed racial differences across three commercial gene expression panels for prostate cancer prognosis, caution is warranted when applying these panels in clinical decision-making in AAM. IMPACT Differences in gene expression by race for three commercial panels for prostate cancer prognosis indicate that further study of their effectiveness in AAM with long-term follow-up is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan H Creed
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Anders E Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert J Rounbehler
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shivanshu Awasthi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Travis A Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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22
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Morrison BF, Aiken WD, Reid G, Mayhew R, Hanchard B. Pathological upgrading and upstaging at radical prostatectomy in Jamaican men with low-risk prostate cancer. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:971. [PMID: 31921342 PMCID: PMC6834384 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest race-based health disparities in men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), with African American males having poorer oncological outcomes. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of pathological upgrading and upstaging in Jamaican men with low-risk PCa treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). Data on 141 men who met the National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria for low-risk PCa and underwent RP at a single institution were reviewed. All men had a transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. Pre-operative clinical and final pathological data were obtained. Data were summarised as means and standard deviations or percentages as appropriate. Bivariate analyses such as independent samples t-tests and chi-square tables were conducted and logistic regression models were estimated to predict upgrading (>Gleason 6) and upstaging (p ≥ T3). The mean age was 59.5 ± 7.8 years with mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 6.6 ± 2 ng/mL. A total of 48.3% of men were upgraded and 11.4% were upstaged. Bivariate analyses indicated that PSA (p = 0.008) and percentage positive cores (p = 0.002) were associated with upgrading. PSA (p = 0.042) and percentage positive cores (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with upstaging. The odds of upgrading increased with increased PSA levels (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.05-1.87, p = 0.021) or increased percentage positive cores (OR 8.27, 95% CI 2.19-31.16, p = 0.002). The odds of upstaging increased with increased PSA levels (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.01-1.96, p = 0.046) and with increased percentages positive cores (OR 11.4; 95% CI 2.06-63.09, p = 0.005). Jamaican men with low-risk PCa are at high risk of pathological upgrading and upstaging at RP. These findings should be taken into consideration when discussing treatment options with these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gareth Reid
- University of the West Indies, Mona PO, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Richard Mayhew
- University of the West Indies, Mona PO, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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23
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IL8 Expression Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Androgen Receptor Loss in Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 18:153-165. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Rai R, Yadav SS, Pan H, Khan I, O'Connor J, Alshalalfa M, Davicioni E, Taioli E, Elemento O, Tewari AK, Yadav KK. Epigenetic analysis identifies factors driving racial disparity in prostate cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1153. [PMID: 32721098 PMCID: PMC7941489 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most leading cause of death in men worldwide. African-American men (AA) represent more aggressive form of the disease compared to Caucasian (CA) counterparts. Several lines of evidences suggest that biological factors are responsible for the observed racial disparity. AIM This study was aimed at identifying the epigenetic variation among AA and CA PCa patients and whether DNA methylation differences have an association with clinical outcomes in the two races. METHODS AND RESULTS The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) dataset (2015) was used to identify existing epigenetic variation in AA and CA PCa patients. Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) was performed to identify global DNA methylation changes in a small cohort of AA and CA PCa patients. The RRBS data were then used to identify survival and recurrence outcomes in AA and CA PCa patients using publicly available datasets. The TCGA data analysis revealed epigenetic heterogeneity, which could be categorized into four classes. AA associated primarily to methylation cluster 1 (p = 0.048), and CA associated to methylation cluster 3 (p = 0.000146). Enrichment of the Wnt signaling pathway was identified in both the races; however, they were differentially activated in terms of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling. This was further validated using the Decipher Genomics Resource Information Database (GRID). The RRBS data also identified discrete methylation patterns in AA compared with CA and, in part, validated our TCGA findings. Survival analysis using the RRBS data suggested hypomethylated genes to be significantly associated with recurrence of PCa in CA (p = 6.07 × 10-6) as well as in AA (p = 0.0077). CONCLUSION Overall, we observed epigenetic-based racial disparity in PCa which could affect survival and should be considered during prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rai
- Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Shalini S. Yadav
- Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Precision MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Irtaza Khan
- Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - James O'Connor
- Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Emanuela Taioli
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational EpidemiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Precision MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ashutosh K. Tewari
- Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kamlesh K. Yadav
- Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Sema4StamfordConnecticutUSA
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25
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Olender J, Lee NH. Role of Alternative Splicing in Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Drug Resistance in African Americans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:119-139. [PMID: 31576545 PMCID: PMC6777849 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing, the process of removing introns and joining exons of pre-mRNA, is critical for growth, development, tissue homeostasis, and species diversity. Dysregulation of alternative splicing can initiate and drive disease. Aberrant alternative splicing has been shown to promote the "hallmarks of cancer" in both hematological and solid cancers. Of interest, recent work has focused on the role of alternative splicing in prostate cancer and prostate cancer health disparities. We will provide a review of prostate cancer health disparities involving the African American population, alternative RNA splicing, and alternative splicing in prostate cancer. Lastly, we will summarize our work on differential alternative splicing in prostate cancer disparities and its implications for disparate health outcomes and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Olender
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, GW Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Norman H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, GW Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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26
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Rubicz R, Zhao S, Geybels M, Wright JL, Kolb S, Klotzle B, Bibikova M, Troyer D, Lance R, Ostrander EA, Feng Z, Fan JB, Stanford JL. DNA methylation profiles in African American prostate cancer patients in relation to disease progression. Genomics 2019; 111:10-16. [PMID: 26902887 PMCID: PMC4992660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether differential DNA methylation is associated with clinical features of more aggressive disease at diagnosis and prostate cancer recurrence in African American men, who are more likely to die from prostate cancer than other populations. Tumor tissues from 76 African Americans diagnosed with prostate cancer who had radical prostatectomy as their primary treatment were profiled for epigenome-wide DNA methylation levels. Long-term follow-up identified 19 patients with prostate cancer recurrence. Twenty-three CpGs were differentially methylated (FDR q≤0.25, mean methylation difference≥0.10) in patients with vs. without recurrence, including CpGs in GCK, CDKL2, PRDM13, and ZFR2. Methylation differences were also observed between men with metastatic-lethal prostate cancer vs. no recurrence (five CpGs), regional vs. local pathological stage (two CpGs), and higher vs. lower tumor aggressiveness (one CpG). These results indicate that differentially methylated CpG sites identified in tumor tissues of African American men may contribute to prostate cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohina Rubicz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Milan Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan L. Wright
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Dean Troyer
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Raymond Lance
- Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ziding Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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27
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Gillard M, Javier R, Ji Y, Zheng SL, Xu J, Brendler CB, Crawford SE, Pierce BL, Griend DJV, Franco OE. Elevation of Stromal-Derived Mediators of Inflammation Promote Prostate Cancer Progression in African-American Men. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6134-6145. [PMID: 30181178 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Progress in prostate cancer racial disparity research has been hampered by a lack of appropriate research tools and better understanding of the tumor biology. Recent gene expression studies suggest that the tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to racially disparate clinical outcomes in prostate cancer. Analysis of the prostate TME has shown increased reactive stroma associated with chronic inflammatory infiltrates in African-American (AA) compared with European-American (EA) patients with prostate cancer. To better understand stromal drivers of changes in TME, we isolated prostate fibroblasts (PrF) from AA (PrF-AA) and EA (PrF-EA) prostate cancer tissues and studied their functional characteristics. PrF-AA showed increased growth response to androgens FGF2 and platelet-derived growth factor. Compared with PrF-EA, conditioned media from PrF-AA significantly enhanced the proliferation and motility of prostate cancer cell lines. Expression of markers associated with myofibroblast activation (αSMA, vimentin, and tenascin-C) was elevated in PrF-AA In vivo tumorigenicity of an AA patient-derived prostatic epithelial cell line E006AA was significantly increased in the presence of PrF-AA compared with PrF-EA, and RNA-seq data and cytokine array analysis identified a panel of potential proinflammatory paracrine mediators (BDNF, CHI3L1, DPPIV, FGF7, IL18BP, IL6, and VEGF) to be enriched in PrF-AA E006AA cell lines showed increased responsiveness to BDNF ligand compared with EA-derived LNCaP and C4-2B cells. Addition of a TrkB-specific antagonist significantly reduced the protumorigenic effects induced by PrF-AA compared with PrF-EA These findings suggest that fibroblasts in the TME of AA patients may contribute to the health disparity observed in the incidence and progression of prostate cancer tumors.Significance: These findings suggest that stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment of African-American men promote progression of prostate cancer by increasing levels of a specific set of pro-inflammatory molecules compared with European-American men.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/21/6134/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(21); 6134-45. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gillard
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rodrigo Javier
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Charles B Brendler
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Omar E Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois.
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28
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Wallace TJ, Qian J, Avital I, Bay C, Man YG, Wellman LL, Moskaluk C, Troyer D, Ramnani D, Stojadinovic A. Technical Feasibility of Tissue Microarray (TMA) Analysis of Tumor-Associated Immune Response in Prostate Cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:2191-2202. [PMID: 29937939 PMCID: PMC6010688 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The androgen receptor (AR) regulates immune-related epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. Primary tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) [CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs] are potential prognostic indicators in PCa, and variations may contribute to racial disparities in tumor biology and PCa outcomes. Aim: To assess the technical feasibility of tumor microarray (TMA)-based methods to perform multi-marker TIL profiling in primary resected PCa. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue cores of histopathologically-confirmed primary PCa (n = 40; 1 TMA tissue specimen loss) were arrayed in triplicate on TMAs. Expression profiles of AR, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs in normal prostate, and the center and periphery of both the tumor-dominant nodule and highest Gleason grade were detected by IHC and associated with clinical and pathological data using standard statistical methodology. An independent pathologist, blinded to the clinical data, scored all samples (percent and intensity of positive cells). Results: TMAs were constructed from 21 (53.8%) Black and 18 (46.2%) White males with completely-resected, primarily pT2 stage PCa [pT2a (n = 3; 7.7%); pT2b (n = 2; 5.1%); pT2c (n = 27; 69.2%); pT3a (n = 5; 12.8%); mean pre-op PSA = 8.17 ng/ml]. The CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD8/CD3 cellular protein expression differed from normal in the periphery of the dominant nodule, the center of the highest Gleason grade, and the periphery of the highest Gleason grade (P < 0.05). Correlations between TIL expression in the center and periphery of the dominant nodule, with corresponding center and periphery of the highest Gleason grade, respectively, were robust, and the magnitude of these correlations differed markedly by race (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Multi-marker (AR, CD3, CD4, CD8) profiling with IHC analysis of TMAs consisting of primary, non-metastatic resected prostate cancer is technically feasible in this pilot study. Future studies will evaluate primary tumor immunoscore using semi-quantitative, IHC-based methodology to assess differences in the spectrum, quantity, and/or localization of TILs, and to gain insights into racial disparities in PCa tumor biology and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junqi Qian
- Virginia Urology, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Itzhak Avital
- Soroka University Center for Advanced Cancer Care, Ber Sheva, Israel
| | - Curt Bay
- A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- National Medical Centre of Colorectal Disease, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanjing, China
| | | | - Chris Moskaluk
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Dean Troyer
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A
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29
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Teslow EA, Bao B, Dyson G, Legendre C, Mitrea C, Sakr W, Carpten JD, Powell I, Bollig-Fischer A. Exogenous IL-6 induces mRNA splice variant MBD2_v2 to promote stemness in TP53 wild-type, African American PCa cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1138-1152. [PMID: 29741809 PMCID: PMC6026877 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
African American men (AAM) are at higher risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) and are at higher risk of dying from the disease compared to European American men (EAM). We sought to better understand PCa molecular diversity that may be underlying these disparities. We performed RNA‐sequencing analysis on high‐grade PCa to identify genes showing differential tumor versus noncancer adjacent tissue expression patterns unique to AAM or EAM. We observed that interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was upregulated in the nonmalignant adjacent tissue in AAM, but in EAM IL‐6 expression was higher in PCa tissue. Enrichment analysis identified that genes linked to the function of TP53 were overrepresented and downregulated in PCa tissue from AAM. These RNA‐sequencing results informed our subsequent investigation of a diverse PCa cell line panel. We observed that PCa cell lines that are TP53 wild‐type, which includes cell lines derived from AAM (MDA‐PCa‐2b and RC77T), did not express detectable IL‐6 mRNA. IL‐6 treatment of these cells downregulated wild‐type TP53 protein and induced mRNA and protein expression of the epigenetic reader methyl CpG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), specifically the alternative mRNA splicing variant MBD2_v2. Further investigation validated that upregulation of this short isoform promotes self‐renewal and expansion of PCa cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs). In conclusion, this report contributes to characterizing gene expression patterns in high‐grade PCa and adjacent noncancer tissues from EAM and AAM. The results we describe here advance what is known about the biology associated with PCa race disparities and the molecular signaling of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Teslow
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Greg Dyson
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cristina Mitrea
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wael Sakr
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John D Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Powell
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Urology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aliccia Bollig-Fischer
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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30
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Waterhouse RL, Van Neste L, Moses KA, Barnswell C, Silberstein JL, Jalkut M, Tutrone R, Sylora J, Anglade R, Murdock M, Shiffman Z, Vandenberg T, Shah N, Carter M, Krispin M, Groskopf J, Van Criekinge W. Evaluation of an Epigenetic Assay for Predicting Repeat Prostate Biopsy Outcome in African American Men. Urology 2018; 128:62-65. [PMID: 29660369 PMCID: PMC10182891 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate an epigenetic assay performed on tissue from negative prostate biopsies in a group of African American (AA) men undergoing repeat biopsy, and to compare accuracy for predicting repeat biopsy outcome to prior studies conducted in predominantly Caucasian populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 211 AA men from 7 urology centers across the United States; all of whom were undergoing 12-core transrectal ultrasound-guided repeat biopsy within 30 months from a negative index biopsy. All biopsy cores from the negative index biopsy were profiled for the epigenetic biomarkers GSTP1, APC, and RASSF1 using ConfirmMDx for Prostate Cancer (MDxHealth, Irvine, CA). RESULTS Upon repeat biopsy, 130 of 211 subjects (62%) had no prostate cancer (PCa) detected and 81 of 211 (38%) were diagnosed with PCa. Of the subjects with PCa, 54 (67%) were diagnosed with Gleason score (GS) ≤6 PCa and 27 (33%) with GS ≥7 disease. For detection of PCa at repeat biopsy, ConfirmMDx sensitivity was 74.1% and specificity was 60.0%, equivalent to prior studies (P = .235 and .697, respectively). For detection of GS ≥7 PCa, sensitivity was 78% and specificity was 53%. The negative predictive values for detection of all PCa and GS ≥7 PCa were 78.8% and 94.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION In this group of AA men, we successfully validated an epigenetic assay to assess the need for repeat biopsy. Results were consistent with previous studies from predominantly Caucasian populations. Therefore, the ConfirmMDx assay is a useful tool for risk stratification of AA men who had an initial negative biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Jalkut
- Associated Urologists of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC
| | | | - James Sylora
- Associated Urological Specialists, Orland Park, IL
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31
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Lerner L, Winn R, Hulbert A. Lung cancer early detection and health disparities: the intersection of epigenetics and ethnicity. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2498-2507. [PMID: 29850158 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prominent cause of cancer-related mortality. Significant disparities in incidence and outcome characterize the disease's manifestations among ethnically and racially diverse populations. Complete surgical resection is the most effective curative treatment. However, success relies on early tumor detection. The National Lung Cancer Screening trial showed that lung cancer related mortality can be reduced by the use of low-dose CT (LDCT) screening. However, this test is plagued by a high false positive rate of 97% and the device itself is limited to designated cancer centers due to its expense and size. This restriction makes it difficult for underserved groups to access LDCT screening, the current standard of care. Highly sensitive and specific epigenetic DNA methylation-based biomarkers have the potential to work independently or in conjunction with LDCT screening to identify early-stage tumors. These tests could reduce unnecessary invasive confirmatory diagnostic tests and their associated morbidity and mortality. These tests also have the opportunity to bring lung cancer screening to the community thereby reducing unequal accessibility. However, epigenetic alterations are closely linked to the interplay between hereditary and environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, ethnic ancestry, toxin exposure, residential segregation, and disparate community support structures. Despite this, the overwhelming number of early detection DNA methylation biomarker studies to date have either failed to control for ethnicity or have employed heavily Caucasian-biased patient cohorts. This review seeks to summarize the literature related to the early detection of lung cancer through molecular biomarkers among different ethnicities. Ethnical specific epigenetic biomarkers have the potential to be the first step towards an accessible, available personalized medicine approach to cancer through liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane Lerner
- 1University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, 2Department of Surgery/Cancer Center University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, USA
| | - Robert Winn
- 1University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, 2Department of Surgery/Cancer Center University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, USA
| | - Alicia Hulbert
- 1University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, 2Department of Surgery/Cancer Center University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, USA
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Kumar S, Singh R, Malik S, Manne U, Mishra M. Prostate cancer health disparities: An immuno-biological perspective. Cancer Lett 2018; 414:153-165. [PMID: 29154974 PMCID: PMC5743619 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in males, and, in the United States, is the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men older than 40 years. There is a higher incidence of PCa for African Americans (AAs) than for European-Americans (EAs). Investigations related to the incidence of PCa-related health disparities for AAs suggest that there are differences in the genetic makeup of these populations. Other differences are environmentally induced (e.g., diet and lifestyle), and the exposures are different. Men who immigrate from Eastern to Western countries have a higher risk of PCa than men in their native countries. However, the number of immigrants developing PCa is still lower than that of men in Western countries, suggesting that genetic factors are involved in the development of PCa. Altered genetic polymorphisms are associated with PCa progression. Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) are involved in the development and progression of PCa. For populations with diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds, differences in lifestyle, diet, and biology, including genetic mutations/polymorphisms and levels of androgens and AR, are risk factors for PCa. Here, we provide an immuno-biological perspective on PCa in relation to racial/ethnic disparities and identify factors associated with the disproportionate incidence of PCa and its clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Cancer Biology Research and Training Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Shalie Malik
- Cancer Biology Research and Training Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA; Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Manoj Mishra
- Cancer Biology Research and Training Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
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Karakas C, Wang C, Deng F, Huang H, Wang D, Lee P. Molecular mechanisms involving prostate cancer racial disparity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2017; 5:34-48. [PMID: 29181436 PMCID: PMC5698597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The African (AA) descent has greater incidence and mortality rates of PCa as compared to Caucasian (CA) men. While socioeconomic differences across racial groups contribute to disparity in PCa, increasing evidence points that genetic and molecular alterations play important roles in racial disparities associated with PCa. In this review, we focus on genetic and molecular influences that contribute to racial disparity between AA and CA men including: androgen and estrogen receptor signaling pathways, growth factors, apoptotic proteins, genetic, genomic and epigenetic alterations. Future translational studies will identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers for AA PCa and assist in the development of new targeted-therapies specifically for AA men with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Karakas
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Cassie Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Fangming Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Hongying Huang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Dongwen Wang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
- Department of New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
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Khan S, Simpson J, Lynch JC, Turay D, Mirshahidi S, Gonda A, Sanchez TW, Casiano CA, Wall NR. Racial differences in the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins in extracellular vesicles (EV) from prostate cancer patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183122. [PMID: 28981528 PMCID: PMC5628787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
African-American men with prostate cancer typically develop more aggressive tumors than men from other racial/ethnic groups, resulting in a disproportionately high mortality from this malignancy. This study evaluated differences in the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), a known family of oncoproteins, in blood-derived exosomal vesicles (EV) between African-American and European-American men with prostate cancer. The ExoQuick™ method was used to isolate EV from both plasma and sera of African-American (n = 41) and European-American (n = 31) men with prostate cancer, as well as from controls with no cancer diagnosis (n = 10). EV preparations were quantified by acetylcholinesterase activity assays, and assessed for their IAP content by Western blotting and densitometric analysis. Circulating levels of the IAP Survivin were evaluated by ELISA. We detected a significant increase in the levels of circulating Survivin in prostate cancer patients compared to controls (P<0.01), with the highest levels in African-American patients (P<0.01). African-American patients with prostate cancer also contained significantly higher amounts of EVs in their plasma (P<0.01) and sera (P<0.05) than European-American patients. In addition, EVs from African-American patients with prostate cancer contained significantly higher amounts of the IAPs Survivin (P<0.05), XIAP (P<0.001), and cIAP-2 (P<0.01) than EVs from European-American patients. There was no significant correlation between expression of IAPs and clinicopathological parameters in the two patient groups. Increased expression of IAPs in EVs from African-American patients with prostate cancer may influence tumor aggressiveness and contribute to the mortality disparity observed in this patient population. EVs could serve as reservoirs of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may have clinical utility in reducing prostate cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Khan
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - James C. Lynch
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - David Turay
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Cancer Center and Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Amber Gonda
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Tino W. Sanchez
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Nathan R. Wall
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Sedarsky J, Degon M, Srivastava S, Dobi A. Ethnicity and ERG frequency in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 15:125-131. [PMID: 28872154 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging observations emphasize a distinct biology of prostate cancer among men of different ethnicities and races, as demonstrated by remarkable differences in the frequency of ERG oncogenic activation, one of the most common and widely studied prostate cancer driver genes. Worldwide assessment of ERG alterations frequencies show consistent trends, with men of European ancestry having the highest rates of alteration and men of African or Asian ancestries having considerably lower alteration rates. However, data must be interpreted cautiously, owing to variations in assay platforms and specimen types, as well as ethnic and geographical classifications. Many opportunities and challenges remain in assessing cancer-associated molecular alterations at a global level, and these need to be addressed in order to realize the true potential of precision medicine for all cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Sedarsky
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA
| | - Michael Degon
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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Mathew SS, Barwell J, Khan N, Lynch E, Parker M, Qureshi N. Inclusion of diverse populations in genomic research and health services: Genomix workshop report. J Community Genet 2017; 8:267-273. [PMID: 28755064 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical genetic services and genomic research are rapidly developing but, historically, those with the greatest need are the least to benefit from these advances. This encompasses low-income communities, including those from ethnic minority and indigenous backgrounds. The "Genomix" workshop at the European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) 2016 conference offered the opportunity to consider possible solutions for these disparities from the experiences of researchers and genetic healthcare practitioners working with underserved communities in the USA, UK and Australia. Evident from the workshop and corresponding literature is that a multi-faceted approach to engaging communities is essential. This needs to be complemented by redesigning healthcare systems that improves access and raises awareness of the needs of these communities. At a more strategic level, institutions involved in funding research, commissioning and redesigning genetic health services also need to be adequately represented by underserved populations with intrinsic mechanisms to disseminate good practice and monitor participation. Further, as genomic medicine is mainstreamed, educational programmes developed for clinicians should incorporate approaches to alleviate disparities in accessing genetic services and improving study participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savio S Mathew
- University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Julian Barwell
- Clinical Genetics Department, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Nasaim Khan
- Genomic medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Ella Lynch
- Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, c/o WEHI, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Parker
- The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Nadeem Qureshi
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, 13th Floor, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Wang BD, Ceniccola K, Hwang S, Andrawis R, Horvath A, Freedman JA, Olender J, Knapp S, Ching T, Garmire L, Patel V, Garcia-Blanco MA, Patierno SR, Lee NH. Alternative splicing promotes tumour aggressiveness and drug resistance in African American prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15921. [PMID: 28665395 PMCID: PMC5497057 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical challenges exist in reducing prostate cancer (PCa) disparities. The RNA splicing landscape of PCa across racial populations has not been fully explored as a potential molecular mechanism contributing to race-related tumour aggressiveness. Here, we identify novel genome-wide, race-specific RNA splicing events as critical drivers of PCa aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance in African American (AA) men. AA-enriched splice variants of PIK3CD, FGFR3, TSC2 and RASGRP2 contribute to greater oncogenic potential compared with corresponding European American (EA)-expressing variants. Ectopic overexpression of the newly cloned AA-enriched variant, PIK3CD-S, in EA PCa cell lines enhances AKT/mTOR signalling and increases proliferative and invasive capacity in vitro and confers resistance to selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, CAL-101 (idelalisib), in mouse xenograft models. High PIK3CD-S expression in PCa specimens associates with poor survival. These results highlight the potential of RNA splice variants to serve as novel biomarkers and molecular targets for developmental therapeutics in aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District Of Columbia 20037, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, USA
| | - Kristin Ceniccola
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District Of Columbia 20037, USA
| | - SuJin Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District Of Columbia 20037, USA
| | - Ramez Andrawis
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District Of Columbia 20037, USA
| | - Anelia Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District Of Columbia 20037, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Freedman
- Duke Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Jacqueline Olender
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District Of Columbia 20037, USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Travers Ching
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Lana Garmire
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Steven R. Patierno
- Duke Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Norman H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District Of Columbia 20037, USA
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Vijayakumar S, Henegan JC, Zhang X, Wang W, Day WA, Vijayakumar V, Moreno CS, Gomez CR. Enriching gene expression profiles will help personalize prostate cancer management for African-Americans: A perspective. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:315-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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The Genomic Impact of DNA CpG Methylation on Gene Expression; Relationships in Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010015. [PMID: 28216563 PMCID: PMC5372727 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of DNA CpG methylation has been extensively investigated for over 50 years and revealed associations between changing methylation status of CpG islands and gene expression. As a result, DNA CpG methylation is implicated in the control of gene expression in developmental and homeostasis processes, as well as being a cancer-driver mechanism. The development of genome-wide technologies and sophisticated statistical analytical approaches has ushered in an era of widespread analyses, for example in the cancer arena, of the relationships between altered DNA CpG methylation, gene expression, and tumor status. The remarkable increase in the volume of such genomic data, for example, through investigators from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), has allowed dissection of the relationships between DNA CpG methylation density and distribution, gene expression, and tumor outcome. In this manner, it is now possible to test that the genome-wide correlations are measurable between changes in DNA CpG methylation and gene expression. Perhaps surprisingly is that these associations can only be detected for hundreds, but not thousands, of genes, and the direction of the correlations are both positive and negative. This, perhaps, suggests that CpG methylation events in cancer systems can act as disease drivers but the effects are possibly more restricted than suspected. Additionally, the positive and negative correlations suggest direct and indirect events and an incomplete understanding. Within the prostate cancer TCGA cohort, we examined the relationships between expression of genes that control DNA methylation, known targets of DNA methylation and tumor status. This revealed that genes that control the synthesis of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) associate with altered expression of DNA methylation targets in a subset of aggressive tumors.
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40
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Yates C, Long MD, Campbell MJ, Sucheston-Campbell L. miRNAs as drivers of TMPRSS2-ERG negative prostate tumors in African American men. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2017; 22:212-229. [PMID: 27814612 PMCID: PMC5858730 DOI: 10.2741/4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
African Americans (AAs) who have PCa typically have more aggressive disease and make up a disproportionate number of the disease deaths, relative to European Americans (EAs). TMPRSS2 translocations, a common event in EA patients, are exploited in diagnostic and prognostic settings, whereas they are diminished in frequency in AA men. Thus, these patients with TMPRSS2 fusion-negative disease represent an under-investigated patient group. We propose that epigenetic events are a significant and alternative driver of aggressive disease in fusion-negative PCa. To reveal epigenetically governed microRNAs (miRNAs) that are enriched in fusion-negative disease and associated with aggressive in AA PCa, we leveraged both our experimental evidence and publically available data. These analyses identified 18 miRNAs that are differentially altered in fusion-negative disease, associated with DNA CpG methylation, and implicated in aggressive and AA PCas. Understanding the relationships between miRNA expression, upstream epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation, and downstream regulation of mRNA targets in fusion negative disease is imperative to understanding the biological basis of the racial health disparity in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088
| | - Mark D Long
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088,
| | - Lara Sucheston-Campbell
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263
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41
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Bhardwaj A, Srivastava SK, Khan MA, Prajapati VK, Singh S, Carter JE, Singh AP. Racial disparities in prostate cancer: a molecular perspective. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:772-782. [PMID: 27814645 DOI: 10.2741/4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are remarkably higher in African-American men as compared to their European-Americans counterparts. Despite these recognitions, precise causes underlying such prevalent racial disparities remain poorly understood. Although socioeconomic factors could account for such differences up to a certain extent, it is now being increasingly realized that such disparity has a molecular basis. Indeed, several differences, including genetic polymorphism, gene mutations, epigenetic modifications, miRNAs alterations, etc., have been reported in malignant prostate tissues from patients of diverse racial backgrounds. Here, we attempt to provide a molecular perspective on prostate cancer racial disparities by gathering available information on these associated factors and discussing their potential significance in disproportionate incidence and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Spring Hill Avenue, Mobile-36604-1405, Alabama, USA,
| | - Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Vijay K Prajapati
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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42
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Dai L, Li J, Xing M, Sanchez TW, Casiano CA, Zhang JY. Using Serological Proteome Analysis to Identify Serum Anti-Nucleophosmin 1 Autoantibody as a Potential Biomarker in European-American and African-American Patients With Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:1375-86. [PMID: 27418398 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has been widely implemented for the early detection and management of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the lack of specificity has led to overdiagnosis, resulting in many possibly unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Therefore, novel serological biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are of vital importance needed to complement PSA testing in the early diagnosis and effective management of PCa. This is particularly critical in the context of PCa health disparities, where early detection and management could help reduce the disproportionately high PCa mortality observed in African-American men. Previous studies have demonstrated that sera from patients with PCa contain autoantibodies that react with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). METHODS The serological proteome analysis (SERPA) approach was used to identify tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) of PCa. In evaluation study, the level of anti-NPM1 antibody was examined in sera from test cohort, validation cohort, as well as European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) men with PCa by using immunoassay. RESULTS Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) as a 33 kDa TAA in PCa was identified and characterized by SERPA approach. Anti-NPM1 antibody level in PCa was higher than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and healthy individuals. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed similar high diagnostic value for PCa in the test cohort (area under the curve (AUC):0.860) and validation cohort (AUC: 0.822) to differentiate from normal individuals and BPH. Interestingly, AUC values were significantly higher for AA PCa patients. When considering concurrent serum measurements of anti-NPM1 antibody and PSA, 97.1% PCa patients at early stage were identified correctly, while 69.2% BPH patients who had elevated PSA levels were found to be anti-NPM1 negative. Additionally, anti-NPM1 antibody levels in PCa patients at early stage significantly increased after surgery treatment. CONCLUSION This intriguing data suggested that NPM1 can elicit autoantibody response in PCa and might be a potential biomarker for the immunodiagnosis and prognosis of PCa, and for supplementing PSA testing in distinguishing PCa from BPH. Prostate 76:1375-1386, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Dai
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Jitian Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Mengtao Xing
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Tino W Sanchez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
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43
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Sanchez TW, Zhang G, Li J, Dai L, Mirshahidi S, Wall NR, Yates C, Wilson C, Montgomery S, Zhang JY, Casiano CA. Immunoseroproteomic Profiling in African American Men with Prostate Cancer: Evidence for an Autoantibody Response to Glycolysis and Plasminogen-Associated Proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3564-3580. [PMID: 27742740 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
African American (AA) men suffer from a disproportionately high incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Despite these disparities, African American men are underrepresented in clinical trials and in studies on PCa biology and biomarker discovery. We used immunoseroproteomics to profile antitumor autoantibody responses in AA and European American (EA) men with PCa, and explored differences in these responses. This minimally invasive approach detects autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens that could serve as clinical biomarkers and immunotherapeutic agents. Sera from AA and EA men with PCa were probed by immunoblotting against PC3 cell proteins, with AA sera showing stronger immunoreactivity. Mass spectrometry analysis of immunoreactive protein spots revealed that several AA sera contained autoantibodies to a number of proteins associated with both the glycolysis and plasminogen pathways, particularly to alpha-enolase (ENO1). The proteomic data is deposited in ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003968. Analysis of sera from 340 racially diverse men by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) showed higher frequency of anti-ENO1 autoantibodies in PCa sera compared with control sera. We observed differences between AA-PCa and EA-PCa patients in their immunoreactivity against ENO1. Although EA-PCa sera reacted with higher frequency against purified ENO1 in ELISA and recognized by immunoblotting the endogenous cellular ENO1 across a panel of prostate cell lines, AA-PCa sera reacted weakly against this protein by ELISA but recognized it by immunoblotting preferentially in metastatic cell lines. These race-related differences in immunoreactivity to ENO1 could not be accounted by differential autoantibody recognition of phosphoepitopes within this antigen. Proteomic analysis revealed differences in the posttranslational modification profiles of ENO1 variants differentially recognized by AA-PCa and EA-PCa sera. These intriguing results suggest the possibility of race-related differences in the antitumor autoantibody response in PCa, and have implications for defining novel biological determinants of PCa health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino W Sanchez
- From the ‡Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350;
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- ¶Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Division of Biochemistry, LLU School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Jitian Li
- §Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Liping Dai
- §Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- From the ‡Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350.,‖LLU Cancer Center Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Nathan R Wall
- From the ‡Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Clayton Yates
- ‡‡Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Alabama 36088
| | - Colwick Wilson
- From the ‡Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350.,**LLU School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Susanne Montgomery
- From the ‡Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350.,**LLU School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- §Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- From the ‡Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350.,§§Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, LLU School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
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44
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Abstract
While the socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with cancer disparity have been well documented, the contribution of biological factors is an emerging field of research. Established disparity factors such as low income, poor diet, drinking alcohol, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle may have molecular effects on the inherent biological makeup of the tumor itself, possibly altering cell signaling events and gene expression profiles to profoundly alter tumor development and progression. Our understanding of the molecular and biological consequences of poor lifestyle is lacking, but such information may significantly change how we approach goals to reduce cancer incidence and mortality rates within minority populations. In this review, we will summarize the biological, socioeconomic, and environmental associations between a group of reactive metabolites known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and cancer health disparity. Due to their links with lifestyle and the activation of disease-associated pathways, AGEs may represent both a biological consequence and a bio-behavioral indicator of poor lifestyle which may be targeted within specific populations to reduce disparities in cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Turner
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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45
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Tosoian JJ, Almutairi F, Morais CL, Glavaris S, Hicks J, Sundi D, Humphreys E, Han M, De Marzo AM, Ross AE, Tomlins SA, Schaeffer EM, Trock BJ, Lotan TL. Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of PTEN Loss in African-American and European-American Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2016; 71:697-700. [PMID: 27477529 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
African-American (AA) men have a higher risk of lethal prostate cancer (PCa) compared to European-American (EA) men. However, the molecular basis of this difference, if any, remains unclear. In EA PCa, PTEN loss, but not ERG rearrangement, has been associated with poor outcomes in most studies. Although ERG rearrangement is less common in AA compared to EA PCa, the relative frequency of PTEN loss and the association of PTEN/ERG molecular subtypes with outcomes is unknown for AA PCa. We examined PTEN/ERG status by immunohistochemistry in self-identified AA patients undergoing radical prostatectomy at Johns Hopkins with tumor tissue available on tissue microarray (TMA; n=169) and matched these cases by pathologic parameters to 169 EA patients from the same TMAs. The rate of PTEN loss was significantly lower in AA compared to EA PCa (18% vs 34%; p=0.001), similar to the lower rate of ERG expression (25% vs 51%; p<0.001). To examine the association of PTEN/ERG status with oncologic outcomes, we created an additional TMA of 87 AA tumors with Gleason score > 4 + 3 = 7. Among the total population of AA men with outcome data from all TMAs (n=222), PTEN loss was associated with higher risk of biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33-3.82) and metastasis (HR 3.90, 95% CI 1.46-10.4) in multivariable models. PATIENT SUMMARY PTEN and ERG alterations in prostate cancer are less likely in African-American than in European-American men. However, PTEN loss remains associated with poor prostate cancer outcomes among African-American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Tosoian
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fawaz Almutairi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos L Morais
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Glavaris
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Misop Han
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley E Ross
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce J Trock
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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46
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De Nunzio C, Simone G, Brassetti A, Mastroianni R, Collura D, Muto G, Gallucci M, Tubaro A. Metabolic syndrome is associated with advanced prostate cancer in patients treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy: results from a multicentre prospective study. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:407. [PMID: 27386844 PMCID: PMC4936238 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in USA and the second leading cause of cancer death in Western Countries. Despite the high mortality associated with PCa, the only established risk factors are age, race and family history. A possible association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and PCa was firstly described in 2004 and several subsequent studies in biopsy cohorts have shown conflicting results. Aim of our multicentre prospective study was to investigate the association between MetS and PCa in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods From January 2012 to June 2015, 349 consecutive men undergoing RP for PCa at three centres in Italy were enrolled into a prospective database. Body Mass Index (BMI) as well as waist circumference was measured before RP. Blood samples were also collected and tested for total PSA, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDLs. Blood pressure was also recorded. We evaluated the association between MetS, defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III, PCa stage (advanced stage defined as pT ≥ 3 or N1) and grade (high grade defined as Gleason Score ≥ 4 + 3) using logistic regression analyses. Results Median age and preoperative PSA levels were 66 years (IQR: 61-69) and 7 ng/ml (IQR: 5-10), respectively. Median BMI was 26.12 kg/m2 (IQR 24-29) with 56 (16 %) obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) patients and 87 (25 %) patients with MetS. At pathological evaluation, advanced PCa and high-grade disease were present in 126 (36 %) and 145 (41.5 %) patients, respectively. MetS was significantly associated with advanced PCa (45/87, 51 % vs 81/262, 31 %; p = 0.008) and high-grade disease (47/87, 54 % vs 98/262, 37 %; p = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, MetS was an independent predictor of pathological stage ≥ pT3a or N1 (OR: 2.227; CI: 1.273-3.893; p = 0.005) and Gleason score ≥ 4 + 3 (OR: 2.007, CI: 1.175-3.428; p = 0.011). Conclusions We firstly demonstrated in a European radical retropubic prostatectomy cohort study that MetS is associated with an increased risk of high-grade and advanced prostate cancer. Further studies with long term follow-up should evaluate the impact of Mets on PCa survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Simone
- Department of Urology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Urology, "San Giovanni Bosco" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Aldo Brassetti
- Department of Urology, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Devis Collura
- Department of Urology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Urology, "San Giovanni Bosco" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Muto
- Department of Urology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Urology, "San Giovanni Bosco" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Gallucci
- Department of Urology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Department of Urology, "Sant'Andrea" Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
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47
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Barrington WE, Schenk JM, Etzioni R, Arnold KB, Neuhouser ML, Thompson IM, Lucia MS, Kristal AR. Difference in Association of Obesity With Prostate Cancer Risk Between US African American and Non-Hispanic White Men in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA Oncol 2016; 1:342-9. [PMID: 26181184 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African American men have the highest rates of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. Understanding underlying reasons for this disparity could identify preventive interventions important to African American men. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the association of obesity with prostate cancer risk differs between African American and non-Hispanic white men and whether obesity modifies the excess risk associated with African American race. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective study of 3398 African American and 22,673 non-Hispanic white men who participated in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (2001-2011) with present analyses completed in 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Total, low-grade (Gleason score <7), and high-grade (Gleason score ≥7) prostate cancer incidence. RESULTS With a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.6 (1.8) years, there were 270, 148, and 88 cases of total, low-, and high-grade prostate cancers among African American men and a corresponding 1453, 898, and 441 cases in non-Hispanic white men, respectively. Although not associated with risk among non-Hispanic white men, BMI was positively associated with an increase in risk among African American men (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: hazard ratio [HR], 1.49 [95% CI, 0.95, 2.34]; P for trend = .03). Consequently, the risk associated with African American race increased from 28% (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 0.91-1.80]) among men with BMI less than 25 to 103% (HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.38-2.98]) among African American men with BMI at least 35 (P for trend = .03). Body mass index was inversely associated with low-grade prostate cancer risk within non-Hispanic white men (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.58-1.09]; P for trend = .02) but positively associated with risk within African American men (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: HR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.17-4.21]; P for trend = .05). Body mass index was positively associated with risk of high-grade prostate cancer in both non-Hispanic white men (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 0.90-1.97]; P for trend = .01) and African American men, although the increase may be larger within African American men, albeit the racial interaction was not statistically significant (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: HR, 1.81 [95% CI, 0.79-4.11]; P for trend = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Obesity is more strongly associated with increased prostate cancer risk among African American than non-Hispanic white men and reducing obesity among African American men could reduce the racial disparity in cancer incidence. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differential effects of obesity in African American and non-Hispanic white men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Barrington
- Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, University of Washington, Seattle2Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle3Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jeannette M Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle
| | - Ruth Etzioni
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle3Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kathryn B Arnold
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle
| | - Ian M Thompson
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio
| | - M Scott Lucia
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alan R Kristal
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle3Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
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48
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Lin JT, Li HY, Chang NS, Lin CH, Chen YC, Lu PJ. WWOX suppresses prostate cancer cell progression through cyclin D1-mediated cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:408-16. [PMID: 25659037 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.977103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. WWOX can induce apoptotic responses to inhibit tumor progression, and the other mechanisms of WWOX in tumor suppression have also been reported recently. In this study, we found significant down-regulation of WWOX in prostate cancer specimens and prostate cancer cell lines compared with the normal controls. In addition, an ectopically increased WWOX expression repressed tumor progression both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, overexpression of WWOX in 22Rv1 cells led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase but did not affect sub-G1 in flow cytometry. GFP-WWOX overexpressed 22Rv1 cells were shown to inhibit cell cycle progression into mitosis under nocodazole treatment in flow cytometry, immunoblotting and GFP fluorescence. Further, cyclin D1 but not apoptosis correlated genes were down-regulated by WWOX both in vitro and in vivo. Restoration of cyclin D1 in the WWOX-overexpressed 22Rv1 cells could abolish the WWOX-mediated tumor repression. In addition, WWOX impair c-Jun-mediated cyclin D1 promoter activity. These results suggest that WWOX inhibits prostate cancer progression through negatively regulating cyclin D1 in cell cycle lead to G1 arrest. In summary, our data reveal a novel mechanism of WWOX in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Tai Lin
- a Institute of Clinical Medicine; Medical College ; National Cheng Kung University ; Tainan , Taiwan
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49
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A "Chicken or Egg" Conundrum: Race, Molecular Subtype, and Tumor Location in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2015; 70:18-20. [PMID: 26626619 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Yang Y, Jia D, Kim H, Abd Elmageed ZY, Datta A, Davis R, Srivastav S, Moroz K, Crawford BE, Moparty K, Thomas R, Hudson RS, Ambs S, Abdel-Mageed AB. Dysregulation of miR-212 Promotes Castration Resistance through hnRNPH1-Mediated Regulation of AR and AR-V7: Implications for Racial Disparity of Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1744-56. [PMID: 26553749 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The causes of disproportionate incidence and mortality of prostate cancer among African Americans (AA) remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanistic role and assess clinical utility of the splicing factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1) in prostate cancer progression among AA men. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We employed an unbiased functional genomics approach coupled with suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and custom cDNA microarrays to identify differentially expressed genes in microdissected tumors procured from age- and tumor grade-matched AA and Caucasian American (CA) men. Validation analysis was performed in independent cohorts and tissue microarrays. The underlying mechanisms of hnRNPH1 regulation and its impact on androgen receptor (AR) expression and tumor progression were explored. RESULTS Aberrant coexpression of AR and hnRNPH1 and downregulation of miR-212 were detected in prostate tumors and correlate with disease progression in AA men compared with CA men. Ectopic expression of miR-212 mimics downregulated hnRNPH1 transcripts, which in turn reduced expression of AR and its splice variant AR-V7 (or AR3) in prostate cancer cells. hnRNPH1 physically interacts with AR and steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) and primes activation of androgen-regulated genes in a ligand-dependent and independent manner. siRNA silencing of hnRNPH1 sensitized prostate cancer cells to bicalutamide and inhibited prostate tumorigenesis in vivo CONCLUSIONS Our findings define novel roles for hnRNPH1 as a putative oncogene, splicing factor, and an auxiliary AR coregulator. Targeted disruption of the hnRNPH1-AR axis may have therapeutic implications to improve clinical outcomes in patients with advanced prostate cancer, especially among AA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yang
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dingwu Jia
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hogyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Amrita Datta
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Rodney Davis
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sudesh Srivastav
- Department of Biostatistics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Byron E Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Krishnarao Moparty
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Division of Urology, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Raju Thomas
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert S Hudson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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