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Liang D, Li G. Pulling the trigger: Noncoding RNAs in white adipose tissue browning. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:399-420. [PMID: 38157150 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) serves as the primary site for energy storage and endocrine regulation in mammals, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for thermogenesis and energy expenditure. The conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like fat cells, known as browning, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for reversing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of transcripts that do not encode proteins but exert regulatory functions on gene expression at various levels. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of ncRNAs in adipose tissue development, differentiation, and function. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of ncRNAs in adipose biology, with a focus on their role and intricate mechanisms in WAT browning. Also, we discuss the potential applications and challenges of ncRNA-based therapies for overweight and its metabolic disorders, so as to combat the obesity epidemic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehuan Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Assessing Genetic Diversity and Searching for Selection Signatures by Comparison between the Indigenous Livni and Duroc Breeds in Local Livestock of the Central Region of Russia. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous pig breeds are mainly associated with the adaptive capacity that is necessary to respond adequately to climate change, food security, and livelihood needs, and natural resources conservation. Livni pigs are an indigenous fat-type breed farmed in a single farm in the Orel region and located in the Central European part of the Russian Federation. To determine the genomic regions and genes that are affected by artificial selection, we conducted the comparative study of two pig breeds with different breeding histories and breeding objectives, i.e., the native fat-type Livni and meat-type Duroc breeds using the Porcine GGP HD BeadChip, which contains ~80,000 SNPs. To check the Livni pigs for possible admixture, the Landrace and the Large White breeds were included into the study of genetic diversity as these breeds participated in the formation of the Livni pigs. We observed the highest level of genetic diversity in Livni pigs compared to commercial breeds (UHE = 0.409 vs. 0.319–0.359, p < 0.001; AR = 1.995 vs. 1.894–1.964, p < 0.001). A slight excess of heterozygotes was found in all of the breeds. We identified 291 candidate genes, which were localized within the regions under putative selection, including 22 and 228 genes, which were specific for Livni and Duroc breeds, respectively, and 41 genes common for both breeds. A detailed analysis of the molecular functions identified the genes, which were related to the formation of meat and fat traits, and adaptation to environmental stress, including extreme temperatures, which were different between breeds. Our research results are useful for conservation and sustainable breeding of Livni breed, which shows a high level of genetic diversity. This makes Livni one of the valuable national pig genetic resources.
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Flindris S, Katsoulas N, Goussia A, Lazaris AC, Navrozoglou I, Paschopoulos M, Thymara I. The Expression of NRIP1 and LCOR in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 35:2631-2640. [PMID: 34410950 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) and its partner ligand-dependent nuclear receptor co-repressor (LCOR) in endometrioid endometrial cancer and to investigate their association with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67, clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical evaluation was carried out to investigate the subcellular expression of NRIP1 and LCOR in endometrioid endometrial cancer samples. Statistical analysis was used to identify the correlations of NRIP1 and LCOR expression with clinicopathological variables and to estimate the survival rates. RESULTS Endometrial cancer tissues exhibited higher expression of NRIP1 and LCOR in comparison with the normal tissues. Cytoplasmic LCOR expression was positively associated with ER and PR expression, while cytoplasmic NRIP1 expression was positively associated with ER expression. Moreover, cytoplasmic expression of NRIP1 was positively associated with Ki-67. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that high cytoplasmic expression of LCOR may predict a longer overall survival of patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer. Patients with tumors expressing low levels of LCOR showed a worse survival compared to those expressing high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Flindris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Katsoulas
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Goussia
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas Christos Lazaris
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iordanis Navrozoglou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Minas Paschopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Irene Thymara
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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4
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Aging and Immunometabolic Adaptations to Thermogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101143. [PMID: 32810648 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brown and subcutaneous adipose tissues play a key role in non-shivering thermogenesis both in mice and human, and their activation by adrenergic stimuli promotes energy expenditure, reduces adiposity, and protects against age-related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance characterize T2D. Even though the decline of thermogenic adipose tissues is well-established during ageing, the mechanisms by which this event affects immune system and contributes to the development of T2D is still poorly defined. It is emerging that activation of thermogenic adipose tissues promotes type 2 immunity skewing, limiting type 1 inflammation. Of note, metabolic substrates sustaining type 1 inflammation (e.g. glucose and succinate) are also used by activated adipocytes to promote thermogenesis. Keeping in mind this aspect, a nutrient competition between adipocytes and adipose tissue immune cell infiltrates could be envisaged. Herein, we reviewed the metabolic rewiring of adipocytes during thermogenesis in order to give important insight into the anti-inflammatory role of thermogenic adipose tissues and delineate how their decline during ageing may favor the setting of low-grade inflammatory states that predispose to type 2 diabetes in elderly. A brief description about the contribution of adipokines secreted by thermogenic adipocytes in modulation of immune cell activation is also provided. Finally, we have outlined experimental flow chart procedures and provided technical advices to investigate the physiological processes leading to thermogenic adipose tissue impairment that are behind the immunometabolic decline during aging.
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Christian M. Elucidation of the roles of brown and brite fat genes: GPR120 is a modulator of brown adipose tissue function. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1201-1205. [PMID: 32144819 PMCID: PMC8650997 DOI: 10.1113/ep087877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the topic of this review? Activation of brown adipose tissue with G protein‐coupled receptors as key druggable targets as a strategy to increase energy consumption and reduce fat mass. What advances does it highlight? GPR120 is a fatty acid receptor highly expressed in brown adipose tissue. Its activation by selective ligands increases brown adipose tissue activity. This is mediated by changes in mitochondrial dynamics resulting in increased O2 consumption leading to enhanced nutrient uptake and a reduction in fat mass.
Abstract The identification of druggable targets to stimulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a strategy to combat obesity due to this highly metabolically active tissue utilising thermogenesis to burn fat. Upon cold exposure BAT is activated by the sympathetic nervous system via β3‐adrenergic receptors. Determination of additional receptors expressed by brown, white and brite (brown‐in‐white) fat can lead to new pharmacological treatments to activate BAT. GPR120 is a G protein‐coupled fatty acid receptor that is highly expressed in BAT and further increases in response to cold. Activation of this receptor with the selective agonist TUG‐891 acutely increases fat oxidation and reduces fat mass in mice. The effects are coincident with increased BAT activity and enhanced nutrient uptake. TUG‐891 stimulation of brown adipocytes induces intracellular Ca2+ release which results in elevated O2 consumption as well as mitochondrial depolarisation and fission. Thus, activation of GPR120 in BAT with ligands such as TUG‐891 is a promising strategy to increase fat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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6
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Hu J, Wang Z, Tan BK, Christian M. Dietary polyphenols turn fat “brown”: A narrative review of the possible mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lactobacillus amylovorus KU4 ameliorates diet-induced obesity in mice by promoting adipose browning through PPARγ signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20152. [PMID: 31882939 PMCID: PMC6934708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is currently considered a potential therapeutic strategy to treat diet-induced obesity. While some probiotics have protective effects against diet-induced obesity, the role of probiotics in adipose browning has not been explored. Here, we show that administration of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus amylovorus KU4 (LKU4) to mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) enhanced mitochondrial levels and function, as well as the thermogenic gene program (increased Ucp1, PPARγ, and PGC-1α expression and decreased RIP140 expression), in subcutaneous inguinal WAT and also increased body temperature. Furthermore, LKU4 administration increased the interaction between PPARγ and PGC-1α through release of RIP140 to stimulate Ucp1 expression, thereby promoting browning of white adipocytes. In addition, lactate, the levels of which are elevated in plasma of HFD-fed mice following LKU4 administration, elicited the same effect on the interaction between PPARγ and PGC-1α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, leading to a brown-like adipocyte phenotype that included enhanced Ucp1 expression, mitochondrial levels and function, and oxygen consumption rate. Together, these data reveal that LKU4 facilitates browning of white adipocytes through the PPARγ-PGC-1α transcriptional complex, at least in part by increasing lactate levels, leading to inhibition of diet-induced obesity.
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Liu P, Huang S, Ling S, Xu S, Wang F, Zhang W, Zhou R, He L, Xia X, Yao Z, Fan Y, Wang N, Hu C, Zhao X, Tucker HO, Wang J, Guo X. Foxp1 controls brown/beige adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis through regulating β3-AR desensitization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5070. [PMID: 31699980 PMCID: PMC6838312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling is a pathway controlling adaptive thermogenesis in brown or beige adipocytes. Here we investigate the biological roles of the transcription factor Foxp1 in brown/beige adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. Adipose-specific deletion of Foxp1 leads to an increase of brown adipose activity and browning program of white adipose tissues. The Foxp1-deficient mice show an augmented energy expenditure and are protected from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Consistently, overexpression of Foxp1 in adipocytes impairs adaptive thermogenesis and promotes diet-induced obesity. A robust change in abundance of the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) is observed in brown/beige adipocytes from both lines of mice. Molecularly, Foxp1 directly represses β3-AR transcription and regulates its desensitization behavior. Taken together, our findings reveal Foxp1 as a master transcriptional repressor of brown/beige adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis, and provide an important clue for its targeting and treatment of obesity. Beta3-adrenergic receptor (b3-AR) signaling in response to cold activates adipose tissue thermogenesis. Here the authors identify the transcription factor FoxP1 as a direct negative regulator of b3-AR expression and show that loss of FoxP1 leads to enhanced development of thermogenic adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Sixia Huang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shifeng Ling
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fuhua Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rujiang Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuechun Xia
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhengju Yao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Congxia Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haley O Tucker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue possesses the remarkable capacity to control its size and function in response to a variety of internal and external cues, such as nutritional status and temperature. The regulatory circuits of fuel storage and oxidation in white adipocytes and thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige adipocytes) play a central role in systemic energy homeostasis, whereas dysregulation of the pathways is closely associated with metabolic disorders and adipose tissue malfunction, including obesity, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fibrosis. Recent studies have uncovered new regulatory elements that control the above parameters and provide new mechanistic opportunities to reprogram fat cell fate and function. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of adipocyte metabolism in physiology and disease and also discuss possible strategies to alter fuel utilization in fat cells to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Brown adipocytes are the key cell type in brown adipose tissue (BAT) that express the genes required for heat production through the process of thermogenesis. Brown adipocyte cell culture models are important for researching the molecular pathways that control cell autonomous processes. In vitro tools for the study of brown adipocytes include BAT explant cultures and BAT primary cultures that are first proliferated and then differentiated. A number of stable brown preadipocyte cell lines have been generated by the expression transforming factors such as SV40 T antigen. The application of these cell lines reduces the requirement for animal tissue which is needed for primary culture and explants. Furthermore, brown adipocyte cell lines that effectively recapitulate the properties of brown adipocytes permit large-scale experimental procedures that are generally unfeasible with primary cultures that undergo a restricted number of cell divisions. Cell lines are valuable for applications such as large-scale endogenous protein expression, ChIP assay, and procedures requiring antibiotic selection over several cell divisions including stable exogenous gene expression and CRISR/Cas9 gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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11
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Madsen L, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Øyen J, Kristiansen K. Dietary Proteins, Brown Fat, and Adiposity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1792. [PMID: 30631281 PMCID: PMC6315128 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High protein diets have become popular for body weight maintenance and weight loss despite controversies regarding efficacy and safety. Although both weight gain and weight loss are determined by energy consumption and expenditure, data from rodent trials consistently demonstrate that the protein:carbohydrate ratio in high fat diets strongly influences body and fat mass gain per calorie eaten. Here, we review data from rodent trials examining how high protein diets may modulate energy metabolism and the mechanisms by which energy may be dissipated. We discuss the possible role of activating brown and so-called beige/BRITE adipocytes including non-canonical UCP1-independent thermogenesis and futile cycles, where two opposing metabolic pathways are operating simultaneously. We further review data on how the gut microbiota may affect energy expenditure. Results from human and rodent trials demonstrate that human trials are less consistent than rodent trials, where casein is used almost exclusively as the protein source. The lack of consistency in results from human trials may relate to the specific design of human trials, the possible distinct impact of different protein sources, and/or the differences in the efficiency of high protein diets to attenuate obesity development in lean subjects vs. promoting weight loss in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Professor of Human Anatomy, Director, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
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13
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Shen Y, Cohen JL, Nicoloro SM, Kelly M, Yenilmez B, Henriques F, Tsagkaraki E, Edwards YJK, Hu X, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Czech MP. CRISPR-delivery particles targeting nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 ( Nrip1) in adipose cells to enhance energy expenditure. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17291-17305. [PMID: 30190322 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-guided, engineered nucleases derived from the prokaryotic adaptive immune system CRISPR-Cas represent a powerful platform for gene deletion and editing. When used as a therapeutic approach, direct delivery of Cas9 protein and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) could circumvent the safety issues associated with plasmid delivery and therefore represents an attractive tool for precision genome engineering. Gene deletion or editing in adipose tissue to enhance its energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation, and secretion of bioactive factors through a "browning" process presents a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate metabolic disease. Here, we developed "CRISPR-delivery particles," denoted CriPs, composed of nano-size complexes of Cas9 protein and sgRNA that are coated with an amphipathic peptide called Endo-Porter that mediates entry into cells. Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene deletion of ectopically expressed GFP by CriPs was achieved in multiple cell types, including a macrophage cell line, primary macrophages, and primary pre-adipocytes. Significant GFP loss was also observed in peritoneal exudate cells with minimum systemic toxicity in GFP-expressing mice following intraperitoneal injection of CriPs containing Gfp-targeting sgRNA. Furthermore, disruption of a nuclear co-repressor of catabolism, the Nrip1 gene, in white adipocytes by CriPs enhanced adipocyte browning with a marked increase of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Of note, the CriP-mediated Nrip1 deletion did not produce detectable off-target effects. We conclude that CriPs offer an effective Cas9 and sgRNA delivery system for ablating targeted gene products in cultured cells and in vivo, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Kelly
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine and
| | | | | | - Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine and.,the Molecular Basis of Human Disease Graduate Program, School of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
| | | | - Xiaodi Hu
- the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 and
| | - Randall H Friedline
- the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 and
| | - Jason K Kim
- From the Program in Molecular Medicine and.,the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 and
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14
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Sixou S, Müller K, Jalaguier S, Kuhn C, Harbeck N, Mayr D, Engel J, Jeschke U, Ditsch N, Cavaillès V. Importance of RIP140 and LCoR Sub-Cellular Localization for Their Association With Breast Cancer Aggressiveness and Patient Survival. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1090-1096. [PMID: 30007204 PMCID: PMC6070698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New markers are needed to improve diagnosis and to personalize treatments for patients with breast cancer (BC). Receptor-interacting protein of 140 kDa (RIP140) and ligand-dependent corepressor (LCoR), two transcriptional co-regulators of estrogen receptors, strongly interact in BC cells. Although their role in cancer progression has been outlined in the last few years, their function in BC has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we investigated RIP140 and LCoR localization (cytoplasm vs nucleus) in BC samples from a well-characterized cohort of patients (n = 320). RIP140 and LCoR were expressed in more than 80% of tumors, (predominantly in the cytoplasm), and the two markers were highly correlated. Expression of RIP140 and LCoR in the nucleus was negatively correlated with tumor size. Conversely, RIP140 and LCoR cytoplasmic expression strongly correlated with expression of two tumor aggressiveness markers: N-cadherin and CD133 (epithelial mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell markers, respectively). Finally, high RIP140 nuclear expression was significantly correlated with longer overall survival, whereas high total or cytoplasmic expression of RIP140 was associated with shorter disease-free survival. Our study strongly suggests that the role of RIP140 and LCoR in BC progression could vary according to their prevalent sub-cellular localization, with opposite prognostic values for nuclear and cytoplasmic expression. The involvement in BC progression/invasiveness of cytoplasmic RIP140 could be balanced by the anti-tumor action of nuclear RIP140, thus explaining the previous contradictory findings about its role in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sixou
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maistrasse 11, D-80337 München, Germany; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France.
| | - Katharina Müller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maistrasse 11, D-80337 München, Germany.
| | - Stéphan Jalaguier
- IRCM - Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Parc Euromédecine, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maistrasse 11, D-80337 München, Germany.
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Brustzentrum der Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maistrasse 11, D-80337 München, Germany.
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Thalkirchner Str. 36, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jutta Engel
- Tumorregister München (TRM) des Tumorzentrums München (TZM) am Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Marchionistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maistrasse 11, D-80337 München, Germany.
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Marchionistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Vincent Cavaillès
- IRCM - Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Parc Euromédecine, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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15
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Grigoraş A, Amalinei C, Balan RA, Giuşcă SE, Avădănei ER, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID. Adipocytes spectrum - From homeostasia to obesity and its associated pathology. Ann Anat 2018; 219:102-120. [PMID: 30049662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Firstly identified by anatomists, the fat tissue is nowadays an area of intense research due to increased global prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases. Histologically, there are four types of fat tissue cells which are currently recognized (white, brown, beige, and perivascular adipocytes). Therefore, in this study we are reviewing the most recent data regarding the origin, structure, and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of adipocytes. White adipocytes can store triglycerides as a consequence of lipogenesis, under the regulation of growth hormone or leptin and adiponectin, and release fatty acids resulted from lipolysis, under the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, glucocorticoids, TNF-α, insulin, and natriuretic peptides. Brown adipocytes possess a mitochondrial transmembrane protein thermogenin or UCP1 which allows heat generation. Recently, thermogenic, UCP positive adipocytes have been identified in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue and have been named beige adipocytes. The nature of these cells is still controversial, as current theories are suggesting their origin either by transdifferentiation of white adipocytes, or by differentiation from an own precursor cell. Perivascular adipocytes surround most of the arteries, exhibiting a supportive role and being involved in the maintenance of intravascular temperature. Thoracic perivascular adipocytes resemble brown adipocytes, while abdominal ones are more similar to white adipocytes and, consequently, are involved in obesity-induced inflammatory reactions. The factors involved in the regulation of adipose stem cells differentiation may represent potential pathways to inhibit or to divert adipogenesis. Several molecules, such as pro-adipogenic factors (FGF21, BMP7, BMP8b, and Cox-2), cell surface proteins or receptors (Asc-1, PAT2, P2RX5), and hypothalamic receptors (MC4R) have been identified as the most promising targets for the development of future therapies. Further investigations are necessary to complete the knowledge about adipose tissue and the development of a new generation of therapeutic tools based on molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grigoraş
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Amalinei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Raluca Anca Balan
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Simona Eliza Giuşcă
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Elena Roxana Avădănei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Irina-Draga Căruntu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
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ZHANG J, WU H, MA S, JING F, YU C, GAO L, ZHAO J. Transcription Regulators and Hormones Involved in the Development of Brown Fat and White Fat Browning: Transcriptional and Hormonal Control of Brown/Beige Fat Development. Physiol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of obesity and related metabolic complications has inspired research on adipose tissues. Three kinds of adipose tissues are identified in mammals: brown adipose tissue (BAT), beige or brite adipose tissue and white adipose tissue (WAT). Beige adipocytes share some characteristics with brown adipocytes such as the expression of UCP1. Beige adipocytes can be activated by environmental stimuli or pharmacological treatment, and this change is accompanied by an increase in energy consumption. This process is called white browning, and it facilitates the maintenance of a lean and healthy phenotype. Thus, promoting beige adipocyte development in WAT shows promise as a new strategy in treating obesity and related metabolic consequences. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of the regulators and hormones that participate in the development of brown fat and white fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. ZHAO
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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17
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Weir G, Ramage LE, Akyol M, Rhodes JK, Kyle CJ, Fletcher AM, Craven TH, Wakelin SJ, Drake AJ, Gregoriades ML, Ashton C, Weir N, van Beek EJR, Karpe F, Walker BR, Stimson RH. Substantial Metabolic Activity of Human Brown Adipose Tissue during Warm Conditions and Cold-Induced Lipolysis of Local Triglycerides. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1348-1355.e4. [PMID: 29805098 PMCID: PMC5988566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Current understanding of in vivo human brown adipose tissue (BAT) physiology is limited by a reliance on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanning, which has measured exogenous glucose and fatty acid uptake but not quantified endogenous substrate utilization by BAT. Six lean, healthy men underwent 18fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT scanning to localize BAT so microdialysis catheters could be inserted in supraclavicular BAT under CT guidance and in abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT). Arterial and dialysate samples were collected during warm (∼25°C) and cold exposure (∼17°C), and blood flow was measured by 133xenon washout. During warm conditions, there was increased glucose uptake and lactate release and decreased glycerol release by BAT compared with WAT. Cold exposure increased blood flow, glycerol release, and glucose and glutamate uptake only by BAT. This novel use of microdialysis reveals that human BAT is metabolically active during warm conditions. BAT activation substantially increases local lipolysis but also utilization of other substrates such as glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Weir
- Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Lynne E Ramage
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Murat Akyol
- Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jonathan K Rhodes
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Catriona J Kyle
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Alison M Fletcher
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas H Craven
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sonia J Wakelin
- Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Ceri Ashton
- Department of Medical Physics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Nick Weir
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Department of Medical Physics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK; Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roland H Stimson
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK.
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Kang M, Liu X, Fu Y, Timothy Garvey W. Improved systemic metabolism and adipocyte biology in miR-150 knockout mice. Metabolism 2018; 83:139-148. [PMID: 29352962 PMCID: PMC6142816 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short non-coding micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional factors that directly regulate protein expression by degrading or inhibiting target mRNAs; however, the role of miRNAs in obesity and cardiometabolic disease remains unclarified. Based on our earlier study demonstrating that miR-150 influences lipid metabolism, we have studied effects of miR-150 on systemic metabolism and adipocyte biology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolic phenotypes including body weight, food intake, body composition, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed in WT and global miR-150 KO male mice fed a high-fat diet. Molecular changes in epididymal adipose tissue were evaluated through qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS miR-150 KO mice displayed lower body weight characterized by a reduction in % fat mass while % lean mass was increased. Lower body weight was associated with reduced food consumption and an increase in circulating leptin concentrations, as well as enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance compared with WT mice. Absence of miR-150 resulted in increased mTOR expression known to participate in increased leptin production leading to reduction of food intake. Expression of PGC-1α, another target gene of miR-150, was also increased together with upregulation of PPARα and glycerol kinase in adipose tissue as well as other genes participating in triglyceride degradation and lipid oxidation. CONCLUSION miR-150 KO mice showed metabolic benefits accompanied by reduced body weight, decreased energy intake, and enhanced lipid metabolism. miR-150 may represent both a biomarker and novel therapeutic target regarding obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Kang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuchang Fu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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19
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Liu M, Liu H, Liang F, Song XQ, Hu PA. Neuropeptide Y promotes adipogenic differentiation in primary cultured human adipose-derived stem cells. Endocr J 2018; 65:43-52. [PMID: 28954935 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important neurotransmitter in the control of energy metabolism. Several studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased levels of NPY in the hypothalamus. We hypothesized that the release of NPY has coordinated and integrated effects on energy metabolism in different tissues, such as adipocyte tissue, resulting in increased energy storage and decreased energy expenditure. Whether NPY has role in the molecular mechanism of human adipocyte tissue remains unclear. We established the model of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) from human adipose tissue and differentiated it into adipocytes in the presence of NPY at different concentrations (10-15-10-6 mmol/L). We then assessed hADSCs proliferation and differentiation by quantifying lipid accumulation and examining the expression levels of related adipocyte markers after differentiation. Furthermore, the specific markers of white adipocyte tissue (WAT) in hADSCs were also analyzed. The results showed that low doses of NPY stimulated hADSCs proliferation (p < 0.05), while high doses of NPY inhibited hADSCs proliferation (p < 0.05). NPY significantly promoted lipid accumulation and increased the size of lipid droplets during human adipogenic differentiation; the levels of adipocyte markers PPAR-γ and C/EBPα were also increased. At the same time, NPY also increased the levels of WAT markers Cidec and RIP140 after adipocyte differentiation. The results suggested high dose NPY inhibits the proliferation of hADSCs while promotes adipocyte differentiation and increases the expression of WAT markers. This may be the reason why increased levels of NPY can lead to a rise in body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Song
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ping-An Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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20
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Abstract
Brite/brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue able to dissipate energy via non-shivering thermogenesis. It is naturally activated by cold and has been demonstrated to increase thermogenic capacity, elevate energy expenditure, and to ultimately contribute to fat mass reduction. Thus, it emerges as novel therapeutic concept for pharmacological intervention in obesity and other metabolic disorders. Therefore, the comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network in thermogenic adipocytes is in demand.The surprising findings that (1) all human protein-coding genes make up not more than 2% of our genome, (2) organismal complexity goes well along with the percentage of nonprotein-coding sequences, and that (3) three quarters of our genome are pervasively transcribed, provide evidence that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are not junk, but a significant and even predominant part of our transcriptome representing a treasure chest worth retrieving regulatory determinants in biological processes and diseases.In this chapter, the impact of regulatory small and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) in particular microRNAs and lncRNAs on BAT formation and metabolic function and their involvement in physiological and pathological conditions has been reviewed.
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21
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Henry BA, Pope M, Birtwistle M, Loughnan R, Alagal R, Fuller-Jackson JP, Perry V, Budge H, Clarke IJ, Symonds ME. Ontogeny and Thermogenic Role for Sternal Fat in Female Sheep. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2212-2225. [PMID: 28431116 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue acting through a unique uncoupling protein (UCP1) has a critical role in preventing hypothermia in newborn sheep but is then thought to rapidly disappear during postnatal life. The extent to which the anatomical location of fat influences postnatal development and thermogenic function in adulthood, particularly following feeding, is unknown, and we examined both in our study. Changes in gene expression of functionally important pathways (i.e., thermogenesis, development, adipogenesis, and metabolism) were compared between sternal and retroperitoneal fat depots together with a representative skeletal muscle over the first month of postnatal life, coincident with the loss of brown fat and the accumulation of white fat. In adult sheep, implanted temperature probes were used to characterize the thermogenic response of fat and muscle to feeding and the effects of reduced or increased adiposity. UCP1 was more abundant in sternal fat than in retroperitoneal fat and was retained only in the sternal depot of adults. Distinct differences in the abundance of gene pathway markers were apparent between tissues, with sternal fat exhibiting some similarities with muscle that were not apparent in the retroperitoneal depot. In adults, the postprandial rise in temperature was greater and more prolonged in sternal fat than in retroperitoneal fat and muscle, a difference that was maintained with altered adiposity. In conclusion, sternal adipose tissue retains UCP1 into adulthood, when it shows a greater thermogenic response to feeding than do muscle and retroperitoneal fat. Sternal fat may be more amenable to targeted interventions that promote thermogenesis in large mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda A Henry
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark Pope
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Birtwistle
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Loughnan
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Reham Alagal
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Fuller-Jackson
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Viv Perry
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Budge
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Iain J Clarke
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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22
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Nautiyal J. Transcriptional coregulator RIP140: an essential regulator of physiology. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R147-R158. [PMID: 28073818 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional coregulators drive gene regulatory decisions in the transcriptional space. Although transcription factors including all nuclear receptors provide a docking platform for coregulators to bind, these proteins bring enzymatic capabilities to the gene regulatory sites. RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator essential for several physiological processes, and aberrations in its function may lead to diseased states. Unlike several other coregulators that are known either for their coactivating or corepressing roles, in gene regulation, RIP140 is capable of acting both as a coactivator and a corepressor. The role of RIP140 in female reproductive axis and recent findings of its role in carcinogenesis and adipose biology have been summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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23
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Chen Y, Chen S, Yue Z, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Cao W, Chen X, Zhang L, Liu P. Receptor-interacting protein 140 overexpression impairs cardiac mitochondrial function and accelerates the transition to heart failure in chronically infarcted rats. Transl Res 2017; 180:91-102.e1. [PMID: 27639592 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with myocardial energy metabolic abnormality. Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is an important transcriptional cofactor for maintaining energy balance in high-oxygen consumption tissues. However, the role of RIP140 in the pathologic processes of HF remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of RIP140 in mitochondrial and cardiac functions in rodent hearts under myocardial infarction (MI) stress. MI was created by a permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery and exogenous expression of RIP140 by adenovirus (Ad) vector delivery. Four weeks after MI or Ad-RIP140 treatment, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiographic and hemodynamics analyses, and the mitochondrial function was determined by mitochondrial genes expression, biogenesis, and respiration rates. In Ad-RIP140 or MI group, a subset of metabolic genes changed, accompanied with slight reductions in mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration rates but no change in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Cardiac malfunction was compensated. However, under MI stress, rats overexpressing RIP140 exhibited greater repressions in mitochondrial genes, state 3 respiration rates, respiration control ratio, and ATP content and had further deteriorated cardiac malfunction. In conclusion, RIP140 overexpression leads to comparable cardiac function as resulted from MI, but RIP140 aggravates metabolic repression, mitochondrial malfunction, and further accelerates the transition to HF in response to MI stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanFang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - ShaoRui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhongBao Yue
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - YiQiang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - ChangHua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - WeiWei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - LuanKun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - PeiQing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Schilperoort M, Hoeke G, Kooijman S, Rensen PCN. Relevance of lipid metabolism for brown fat visualization and quantification. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:242-8. [PMID: 27023630 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an emerging target to combat cardiometabolic disorders as it can take up substantial amounts of glucose and lipids from the circulation for heat production. This review focuses on new concepts in BAT physiology and discusses the need for new techniques to determine BAT activity in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Mouse studies showed that BAT activation selectively increases oxidation of lipids over glucose, by recruiting fatty acids from intracellular triglycerides. To replenish these intracellular lipid stores, brown adipocytes take up both glucose and triglyceride-derived fatty acids, resulting in attenuation of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Clinical studies identified the involvement of the β3-adrenergic receptor in BAT activation and demonstrated that human BAT activation also selectively increases lipid oxidation. Notably, insulin resistance during ageing or weight gain reduces the capacity of BAT to internalize glucose, without reducing fatty acid uptake or oxidative metabolism. SUMMARY Preclinical studies established BAT as an important target to combat cardiometabolic disorders and elucidated underlying mechanisms whereas clinical studies identified therapeutic handles. Development of novel lipid-based PET-CT tracers and identification of translational biomarkers of BAT activity are required as alternatives to [F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT to accelerate clinical development of BAT-activating therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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The Engrailed-1 Gene Stimulates Brown Adipogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7369491. [PMID: 27148369 PMCID: PMC4842372 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7369491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a thermogenic organ, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has received a great attention in treating obesity and related diseases. It has been reported that brown adipocyte was derived from engrailed-1 (EN1) positive central dermomyotome. However, functions of EN1 in brown adipogenesis are largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that EN1 overexpression increased while EN1 knockdown decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of key adipogenic genes including PPARγ2 and C/EBPα and mitochondrial OXPHOS as well as BAT specific marker UCP1. Taken together, our findings clearly indicate that EN1 is a positive regulator of brown adipogenesis.
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26
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Forest C, Joffin N, Jaubert AM, Noirez P. What induces watts in WAT? Adipocyte 2016; 5:136-52. [PMID: 27386158 PMCID: PMC4916896 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1187345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess calories stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) could be reduced either through the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) or the development of brown-like cells ("beige" or "brite") in WAT, a process named "browning." Calorie dissipation in brown and beige adipocytes might rely on the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is absent in white fat cells. Any increase in UCP1 is commonly considered as the trademark of energy expenditure. The intracellular events involved in the recruitment process of beige precursors were extensively studied lately, as were the effectors, hormones, cytokines, nutrients and drugs able to modulate the route of browning and theoretically affect fat mass in rodents and in humans. The aim of this review is to update the characterization of the extracellular effectors that induce UCP1 in WAT and potentially provoke calorie dissipation. The potential influence of metabolic cycling in energy expenditure is also questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Forest
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 1124, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Pharmacologie Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Joffin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 1124, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Pharmacologie Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Jaubert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 1124, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Pharmacologie Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Liisberg U, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Rønnevik AK, Bjelland S, Fauske KR, Holm JB, Basse AL, Hansen JB, Liaset B, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. The protein source determines the potential of high protein diets to attenuate obesity development in C57BL/6J mice. Adipocyte 2016; 5:196-211. [PMID: 27386160 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that the obesogenic potential of high fat diets in rodents is attenuated when the protein:carbohydrate ratio is increased is largely based on studies using casein or whey as the protein source. We fed C57BL/6J mice high fat-high protein diets using casein, soy, cod, beef, chicken or pork as protein sources. Casein stood out as the most efficient in preventing weight gain and accretion of adipose mass. By contrast, mice fed diets based on pork or chicken, and to a lesser extent mice fed cod or beef protein, had increased adipose tissue mass gain relative to casein fed mice. Decreasing the protein:carbohydrate ratio in diets with casein or pork as protein sources led to accentuated fat mass accumulation. Pork fed mice were more obese than casein fed mice, and relative to casein, the pork-based feed induced substantial accumulation of fat in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue accompanied by decreased UCP1 expression. Furthermore, intake of a low fat diet with casein, but not pork, as a protein source reversed diet-induced obesity. Compared to pork, casein seems unique in maintaining the classical brown morphology in interscapular brown adipose tissue with high UCP1 expression. This was accompanied by increased expression of genes involved in a futile cycling of fatty acids. Our results demonstrate that intake of high protein diets based on other protein sources may not have similar effects, and hence, the obesity protective effect of high protein diets is clearly modulated by protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Liisberg
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander K. Rønnevik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Bjelland
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jacob Bak Holm
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Barneda D, Planas-Iglesias J, Gaspar ML, Mohammadyani D, Prasannan S, Dormann D, Han GS, Jesch SA, Carman GM, Kagan V, Parker MG, Ktistakis NT, Klein-Seetharaman J, Dixon AM, Henry SA, Christian M. The brown adipocyte protein CIDEA promotes lipid droplet fusion via a phosphatidic acid-binding amphipathic helix. eLife 2015; 4:e07485. [PMID: 26609809 PMCID: PMC4755750 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of energy homeostasis depends on the highly regulated storage and release of triacylglycerol primarily in adipose tissue, and excessive storage is a feature of common metabolic disorders. CIDEA is a lipid droplet (LD)-protein enriched in brown adipocytes promoting the enlargement of LDs, which are dynamic, ubiquitous organelles specialized for storing neutral lipids. We demonstrate an essential role in this process for an amphipathic helix in CIDEA, which facilitates embedding in the LD phospholipid monolayer and binds phosphatidic acid (PA). LD pairs are docked by CIDEA trans-complexes through contributions of the N-terminal domain and a C-terminal dimerization region. These complexes, enriched at the LD–LD contact site, interact with the cone-shaped phospholipid PA and likely increase phospholipid barrier permeability, promoting LD fusion by transference of lipids. This physiological process is essential in adipocyte differentiation as well as serving to facilitate the tight coupling of lipolysis and lipogenesis in activated brown fat. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07485.001 If other energy sources become unavailable, cells fall back on stores of fatty molecules called lipids. These are held in membrane-enclosed compartments in the cell called lipid droplets, which in mammals are particularly abundant in fat cells called adipocytes. There are two main types of adipocytes: white adipocytes have a single giant lipid droplet, whereas brown adipocytes contain many smaller droplets. Proteins embedded in the membrane that surrounds a lipid droplet help to control the droplet’s growth and when it releases lipids. For example, a protein called CIDEA, which is only found in brown adipocytes, helps lipid droplets to grow by enabling one droplet to transfer its contents to another droplet. However, little is known about how this occurs. By combining cell biology, biophysical and computer modelling approaches, Barneda et al. investigated how normal and mutant forms of CIDEA affect the growth of lipid droplets. These experiments identified a helix in the structure of CIDEA that embeds it in the membrane, from where it can then interact with CIDEA proteins on other lipid droplets to hold the droplets together. In addition, the helix interacts with a molecule in the lipid droplet membrane called phosphatidic acid. Barneda et al. suggest that this interaction helps to transfer the contents of one droplet to another by making it easier for lipids to move through the droplets’ membranes. The next challenge is to characterize the mechanisms that control CIDEA activity to influence the formation of the multiple lipid droplets that distinguish brown and BRITE (brown-in-white) adipocytes from white adipocytes. The lipid droplets in brown adipocytes are an important target for research to combat obesity, due to the 'burning' rather than storing of lipids that occurs in these cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07485.002
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barneda
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria L Gaspar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Dariush Mohammadyani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Sunil Prasannan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Dormann
- Microscopy Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Stephen A Jesch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Valerian Kagan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Malcolm G Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Ann M Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Henry
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Mark Christian
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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29
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Hartig SM, Bader DA, Abadie KV, Motamed M, Hamilton MP, Long W, York B, Mueller M, Wagner M, Trauner M, Chan L, Bajaj M, Moore DD, Mancini MA, McGuire SE. Ubc9 Impairs Activation of the Brown Fat Energy Metabolism Program in Human White Adipocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1320-33. [PMID: 26192107 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) result from an inability to efficiently store and catabolize surplus energy in adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipocytes protect against insulin resistance and T2DM by coupling differentiation with the induction of brown fat gene programs for efficient energy metabolism. Mechanisms that disrupt these programs in adipocytes are currently poorly defined, but represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of T2DM. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we performed a high-throughput microscopy screen that identified ubiquitin carrier protein 9 (Ubc9) as a negative regulator of energy storage in human sc adipocytes. Ubc9 depletion enhanced energy storage and induced the brown fat gene program in human sc adipocytes. Induction of adipocyte differentiation resulted in decreased Ubc9 expression commensurate with increased brown fat gene expression. Thiazolidinedione treatment reduced the interaction between Ubc9 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, suggesting a mechanism by which Ubc9 represses PPARγ activity. In support of this hypothesis, Ubc9 overexpression remodeled energy metabolism in human sc adipocytes by selectively inhibiting brown adipocyte-specific function. Further, Ubc9 overexpression decreased uncoupling protein 1 expression by disrupting PPARγ binding at a critical uncoupling protein 1 enhancer region. Last, Ubc9 is significantly elevated in sc adipose tissue isolated from mouse models of insulin resistance as well as diabetic and insulin-resistant humans. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a critical role for Ubc9 in the regulation of sc adipocyte energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kathleen V Abadie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Massoud Motamed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Mark P Hamilton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Weiwen Long
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Michaela Mueller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Michael Trauner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.M.H., D.A.B., K.V.A., M.Mo., M.P.H., W.L., B.Y., L.C., D.D.M., M.A.M., S.E.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (W.L.), Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology (M.Mu., M.T.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology (M.W.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C., M.B.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Division of Radiation Oncology (S.E.M.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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30
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Straub L, Wolfrum C. FGF21, energy expenditure and weight loss - How much brown fat do you need? Mol Metab 2015; 4:605-9. [PMID: 26413466 PMCID: PMC4563019 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) belongs to the large family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Even though FGF signaling has been mainly implicated in developmental processes, recent studies have demonstrated that FGF21 is an important regulator of whole body energy expenditure and metabolism, in obesity. Scope of review Given the fact that obesity has developed epidemic proportions, not just in industrialized countries, FGF21 has emerged as a novel therapeutic avenue to treat obesity as well as associated metabolic disorders. While the metabolic effects of FGF21 are undisputed, the mechanisms by which FGF21 regulate weight loss have not yet been fully resolved. Until recently it was believed that FGF21 induces brown fat activity, thereby enhancing energy expenditure, which concomitantly leads to weight loss. Novel studies have challenged this concept as they could demonstrate that a part of the FGF21 mediated effects are retained in a mouse model of impaired brown adipose tissue function. Major conclusions The review illustrates the recent advances in FGF21 research and discusses the role of FGF21 in the regulation of energy expenditure linked to brown fat activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Straub
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schorenstr. 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schorenstr. 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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31
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Hu F, Wang M, Xiao T, Yin B, He L, Meng W, Dong M, Liu F. miR-30 promotes thermogenesis and the development of beige fat by targeting RIP140. Diabetes 2015; 64:2056-68. [PMID: 25576051 PMCID: PMC4876748 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the microRNA (miR)-30 family have been reported to promote adipogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis, yet their role in the regulation of thermogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we show that miR-30b/c concentrations are greatly increased during adipocyte differentiation and are stimulated by cold exposure or the β-adrenergic receptor activator. Overexpression and knockdown of miR-30b and -30c induced and suppressed, respectively, the expression of thermogenic genes such as UCP1 and Cidea in brown adipocytes. Forced expression of miR-30b/c also significantly increased thermogenic gene expression and mitochondrial respiration in primary adipocytes derived from subcutaneous white adipose tissue, demonstrating a promoting effect of miRNAs on the development of beige fat. In addition, knockdown of miR-30b/c repressed UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue in vivo. miR-30b/c targets the 3'-untranslated region of the receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140), and overexpression of miR-30b/c significantly reduced RIP140 expression. Consistent with RIP140 as a target of miR-30b/c in regulating thermogenic gene expression, overexpression of RIP140 greatly suppressed the promoting effect of miR-30b/c on the expression of UCP1 and Cidea in brown adipocytes. Taken together, the data from our study identify miR-30b/c as a key regulator of thermogenesis and uncover a new mechanism underlying the regulation of brown adipose tissue function and the development of beige fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangqi Yin
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linyun He
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Meng
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meijuan Dong
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
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Sartini L, Frontini A. Potential novel therapeutic strategies from understanding adipocyte transdifferentiation mechanisms. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2015; 10:143-152. [PMID: 30293508 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2015.983474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes are located in discrete anatomical locations in both small mammals and in humans. 'Brown-like' adipocytes, also known as brite (brown in white) or beige adipocytes are found interspersed among white adipocytes in several fat depots. From a functional point of view, the activity of brown and brite cells is similar, that is, heat production mediated by uncoupling protein 1. The morphology and expression of 'thermogenic' genes is also very similar in these two cell types. The origin of brite adipocytes is under intense investigation because enhancing their presence and activity has the potential to promote a healthy metabolic profile. Transdifferentiation mechanisms as well as de novo recruitment have been investigated. The characterization of the mechanisms involved in the recruitment and activation of brown/brite adipocytes in adult humans, could open the avenue for promising therapeutic strategies to curb metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Sartini
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Yu J, Zhang S, Cui L, Wang W, Na H, Zhu X, Li L, Xu G, Yang F, Christian M, Liu P. Lipid droplet remodeling and interaction with mitochondria in mouse brown adipose tissue during cold treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:918-28. [PMID: 25655664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) maintains animal body temperature by non-shivering thermogenesis, which is through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and utilizes β-oxidation of fatty acids released from triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LDs). Increasing BAT activity and "browning" other tissues such as white adipose tissue (WAT) can enhance the expenditure of excess stored energy, and in turn reduce prevalence of metabolic diseases. Although many studies have characterized the biology of BAT and brown adipocytes, BAT LDs especially their activation induced by cold exposure remain to be explored. We have isolated LDs from mouse interscapular BAT and characterized the full proteome using mass spectrometry. Both morphological and biochemical experiments showed that the LDs could tightly associate with mitochondria. Under cold treatment mouse BAT started expressing LD structure protein PLIN-2/ADRP and increased expression of PLIN1. Both hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose TAG lipase (ATGL) were increased in LDs. In addition, isolated BAT LDs showed increased levels of the mitochondrial protein UCP1, and prolonged cold exposure could stimulate BAT mitochondrial cristae biogenesis. These changes were in agreement with the data from transcriptional analysis. Our results provide the BAT LD proteome for the first time and show that BAT LDs facilitate heat production by coupling increasing TAG hydrolysis through recruitment of ATGL and HSL to the organelle and expression of another LD resident protein PLIN2/ADRP, as well as by tightly associating with activated mitochondria. These findings will benefit the study of BAT activation and the interaction between LDs and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liujuan Cui
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huimin Na
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linghai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Guoheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mark Christian
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Christian M. Transcriptional fingerprinting of "browning" white fat identifies NRG4 as a novel adipokine. Adipocyte 2015; 4:50-4. [PMID: 26167402 PMCID: PMC4496975 DOI: 10.4161/adip.29853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes help to maintain body temperature by the expression of a unique set of genes that facilitate cellular metabolic events including uncoupling protein 1-dependent thermogenesis. The dissipation of energy in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is in stark contrast to white adipose tissue (WAT) which is the body's primary site of energy storage. However, adipose tissue is highly dynamic and upon cold exposure profound changes occur in WAT resulting in a BAT-like phenotype due to the presence of brown-in-white (BRITE) adipocytes. In our recent report, transcription profiling was used to identify the gene expression changes that underlie the browning process as well as the intrinsic differences between BAT and WAT. Neuregulin 4 was categorized as a cold-induced BAT gene encoding an adipokine that signals between adipocytes and nerve cells and likely to have a role in increasing adipose tissue innervation in response to cold.
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Liu PS, Lin YW, Lee B, McCrady-Spitzer SK, Levine JA, Wei LN. Reducing RIP140 expression in macrophage alters ATM infiltration, facilitates white adipose tissue browning, and prevents high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 2014; 63:4021-31. [PMID: 24969109 PMCID: PMC4238008 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) recruitment and activation play a critical role in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). The mechanism regulating ATM activation and infiltration remains unclear. In this study, we found receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) can regulate the dynamics of ATM that contribute to adipose tissue remodeling. A high-fat diet (HFD) elevates RIP140 expression in macrophages. We generated mice with RIP140 knockdown in macrophages using transgenic and bone marrow transplantation procedures to blunt HFD-induced elevation in RIP140. We detected significant white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and improved systemic insulin sensitivity in these mice, particularly under an HFD feeding. These mice have decreased circulating monocyte population and altered ATM profile in WAT (a dramatic reduction in inflammatory classically activated macrophages [M1] and expansion in alternatively activated macrophages [M2]), which could improve HFD-induced IR. These studies suggest that reducing RIP140 expression in monocytes/macrophages can be a new therapeutic strategy in treating HFD-induced and inflammation-related diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Insulin Resistance/immunology
- Macrophage Activation/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Ste Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bomi Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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