1
|
Teaney NA, Cyr NE. FoxO1 as a tissue-specific therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286838. [PMID: 37941908 PMCID: PMC10629996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins are transcription factors that mediate many aspects of physiology and thus have been targeted as therapeutics for several diseases including metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The role of FoxO1 in metabolism has been well studied, but recently FoxO1's potential for diabetes prevention and therapy has been debated. For example, studies have shown that increased FoxO1 activity in certain tissue types contributes to T2D pathology, symptoms, and comorbidities, yet in other tissue types elevated FoxO1 has been reported to alleviate symptoms associated with diabetes. Furthermore, studies have reported opposite effects of active FoxO1 in the same tissue type. For example, in the liver, FoxO1 contributes to T2D by increasing hepatic glucose production. However, FoxO1 has been shown to either increase or decrease hepatic lipogenesis as well as adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. In skeletal muscle, FoxO1 reduces glucose uptake and oxidation, promotes lipid uptake and oxidation, and increases muscle atrophy. While many studies show that FoxO1 lowers pancreatic insulin production and secretion, others show the opposite, especially in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Elevated FoxO1 in the hypothalamus increases the risk of developing T2D. However, increased FoxO1 may mitigate Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease strongly associated with T2D. Conversely, accumulating evidence implicates increased FoxO1 with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Here we review FoxO1's actions in T2D conditions in metabolic tissues that abundantly express FoxO1 and highlight some of the current studies targeting FoxO1 for T2D treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Teaney
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
| | - Nicole E. Cyr
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
- Stonehill College, Department of Biology, Easton, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kang D, Yang HR, Kim DH, Kim KK, Jeong B, Park BS, Park JW, Kim JG, Lee BJ. Sirtuin1-Mediated Deacetylation of Hypothalamic TTF-1 Contributes to the Energy Deficiency Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12530. [PMID: 37569904 PMCID: PMC10419861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TTF-1 stimulates appetite by regulating the expression of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) genes in the hypothalamus of starving animals. However, the mechanism underlying TTF-1's response to decreased energy levels remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence that the NAD+-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin1 (Sirt1), activates TTF-1 in response to energy deficiency. Energy deficiency leads to a twofold increase in the expression of both Sirt1 and TTF-1, leading to the deacetylation of TTF-1 through the interaction between the two proteins. The activation of Sirt1, induced by energy deficiency or resveratrol treatment, leads to a significant increase in the deacetylation of TTF-1 and promotes its nuclear translocation. Conversely, the inhibition of Sirt1 prevents these Sirt1 effects. Notably, a point mutation in a lysine residue of TTF-1 significantly disrupts its deacetylation and thus nearly completely hinders its ability to regulate AgRP and POMC gene expression. These findings highlight the importance of energy-deficiency-induced deacetylation of TTF-1 in the control of AgRP and POMC gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bora Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Bizoń A, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Piwowar A, Budrewicz S, Pokryszko-Dragan A. Role of Sirtuins in Physiology and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2434. [PMID: 36289696 PMCID: PMC9598817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulators, sirtuins (SIRTs), are a family of enzymes which take part in major posttranslational modifications of proteins and contribute to multiple cellular processes, including metabolic and energetic transformations, as well as regulation of the cell cycle. Recently, SIRTs have gained increased attention as the object of research because of their multidirectional activity and possible role in the complex pathomechanisms underlying human diseases. The aim of this study was to review a current literature evidence of SIRTs' role in the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system (CNS). SIRTs have been demonstrated to be crucial players in the crosstalk between neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic alterations. The elucidation of SIRTs' role in the background of various CNS diseases offers a chance to define relevant markers of their progression and promising candidates for novel therapeutic targets. Possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications from SIRTs-related investigations are discussed, as well as their future directions and associated challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Bizoń
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamada C, Hattori T, Ohnishi S, Takeda H. Ghrelin Enhancer, the Latest Evidence of Rikkunshito. Front Nutr 2021; 8:761631. [PMID: 34957179 PMCID: PMC8702727 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rikkunshito is a Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo) that has been attracting attention and researched by many researchers not only in Japan but also worldwide. There are 214 rikkunshito articles that can be searched on PubMed by August 2021. The reason why rikkunshito has attracted so much attention is due to an epoch-making report (Gastroenterology, 2008) discovered that rikkunshito promotes the secretion of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin. Since then, many researchers have discovered that rikkunshito has a direct effect on the ghrelin receptor, GHS-R1a, and an effect of enhancing the ghrelin signal to the brain. Additionally, a lot of evidence that rikkunshito is expected to be effective for various gastrointestinal diseases have also been demonstrated. Numerous basic and clinical studies have suggested that rikkunshito affects (i) various discomforts caused by anticancer drugs, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, (ii) various stress-induced anorexia, (iii) hypophagia in the elderly, and (iv) healthy lifespan. In this review, as one who discovered the ghrelin enhancer effect of rikkunshito, we will review the research of rikkunshito so far and report on the latest research results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamada
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hattori
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Gastroenterology, Tokeidai Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sirt1 Activity in the Brain: Simultaneous Effects on Energy Homeostasis and Reproduction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031243. [PMID: 33573212 PMCID: PMC7908627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diet deeply impacts brain functions like synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes, neuroendocrine functions, reproduction and behaviour, with detrimental or protective effects on neuronal physiology and therefore consequences for health. In this respect, the activity of metabolic sensors within the brain is critical for the maintenance of health status and represents a possible therapeutic target for some diseases. This review summarizes the main activity of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), a metabolic sensor within the brain with a focus on the link between the central control of energy homeostasis and reproduction. The possible modulation of Sirt1 by natural phytochemical compounds like polyphenols is also discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chandramowlishwaran P, Vijay A, Abraham D, Li G, Mwangi SM, Srinivasan S. Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:614331. [PMID: 33414704 PMCID: PMC7783311 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.614331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration of the central and enteric nervous systems is a common feature of aging and aging-related diseases, and is accelerated in individuals with metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in both the CNS and ENS are overlapping. Sirtuins are an important family of histone deacetylases that are important for genome stability, cellular response to stress, and nutrient and hormone sensing. They are activated by calorie restriction (CR) and by the coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Sirtuins, specifically the nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, have been shown to have predominantly neuroprotective roles in the CNS while the cytoplasmic sirtuin, SIRT2 is largely associated with neurodegeneration. A systematic study of sirtuins in the ENS and their effect on enteric neuronal growth and survival has not been conducted. Recent studies, however, also link sirtuins with important hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, melatonin, and serotonin which influence many important processes including satiety, mood, circadian rhythm, and gut homeostasis. In this review, we address emerging roles of sirtuins in modulating the metabolic challenges from aging, obesity, and diabetes that lead to neurodegeneration in the ENS and CNS. We also highlight a novel role for sirtuins along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in modulating neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Chandramowlishwaran
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Anitha Vijay
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Abraham
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rasha F, Mims BM, Castro-Piedras I, Barnes BJ, Grisham MB, Rahman RL, Pruitt K. The Versatility of Sirtuin-1 in Endocrinology and Immunology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:589016. [PMID: 33330467 PMCID: PMC7717970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.589016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins belong to the class III family of NAD-dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) and are involved in diverse physiological processes that range from regulation of metabolism and endocrine function to coordination of immunity and cellular responses to stress. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is the most well-studied family member and has been shown to be critically involved in epigenetics, immunology, and endocrinology. The versatile roles of SIRT1 include regulation of energy sensing metabolic homeostasis, deacetylation of histone and non-histone proteins in numerous tissues, neuro-endocrine regulation via stimulation of hypothalamus-pituitary axes, synthesis and maintenance of reproductive hormones via steroidogenesis, maintenance of innate and adaptive immune system via regulation of T- and B-cell maturation, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, SIRT1 is an appealing target in various disease contexts due to the promise of pharmacological and/or natural modulators of SIRT1 activity within the context of endocrine and immune-related disease models. In this review we aim to provide a broad overview on the role of SIRT1 particularly within the context of endocrinology and immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Brianyell McDaniel Mims
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Isabel Castro-Piedras
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Laboratory of Autoimmune and Cancer Research, Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Matthew B. Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aylwin CF, Lomniczi A. Sirtuin (SIRT)-1: At the crossroads of puberty and metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2020; 14:65-72. [PMID: 32905232 PMCID: PMC7467505 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus reside two neuronal systems in charge of regulating feeding control and reproductive development. The melanocortin system responds to metabolic fluctuations adjusting food intake, whereas kisspeptin neurons are in charge of the excitatory control of Gonadotropin Hormone Releasing Hormone (GnRH) neurons. While it is known that the melanocortin system regulates GnRH neuronal activity, it was recently demonstrated that kisspeptin neurons not only innervate melanocortin neurons, but also play an active role in the control of metabolism. These two neuronal systems are intricately interconnected forming loops of stimulation and inhibition according to metabolic status. Furthermore, intracellular and epigenetic pathways respond to external environmental signals by changing DNA conformation and gene expression. Here we review the role of Silent mating type Information Regulation 2 homologue 1 (Sirt1), a class III NAD+ dependent protein deacetylase, in the ARC control of pubertal development and feeding behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Aylwin
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, OHSU, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, OHSU, Beaverton, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hypothalamic NAD +-Sirtuin Axis: Function and Regulation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030396. [PMID: 32143417 PMCID: PMC7175325 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapidly expanding elderly population and obesity endemic have become part of continuing global health care problems. The hypothalamus is a critical center for the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism, circadian rhythm, and aging-related physiology. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase sirtuins are referred to as master metabolic regulators that link the cellular energy status to adaptive transcriptional responses. Mounting evidence now indicates that hypothalamic sirtuins are essential for adequate hypothalamic neuronal functions. Owing to the NAD+-dependence of sirtuin activity, adequate hypothalamic NAD+ contents are pivotal for maintaining energy homeostasis and circadian physiology. Here, we comprehensively review the regulatory roles of the hypothalamic neuronal NAD+-sirtuin axis in a normal physiological context and their changes in obesity and the aging process. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of NAD+ biology-targeting drugs in aging/obesity-related metabolic and circadian disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shu Q, Chen L, Wu S, Li J, Liu J, Xiao L, Chen R, Liang F. Acupuncture Targeting SIRT1 in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Can Improve Obesity in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Rats with Insulin Resistance via an Anorectic Effect. Obes Facts 2020; 13:40-57. [PMID: 31935731 PMCID: PMC7105640 DOI: 10.1159/000503752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anorexigenic and anti-obesity effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) on high-fat-diet-induced (HFDI) obese rats with insulin resistance (IR) and to reveal the possible mechanisms of EA affecting SIRT1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1) in the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS We divided 60 rats into 6 groups. All interventions, including EA and intracerebroventricular administration, were performed after 8 weeks of model establishment. We tested obesity phenotypes like body weight (BW) gain; food intake; and IR levels including glucose infusion rate, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT), and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) during treatment. We detected protein expression and microscopic locations in hypothalamic SIRT1, the transcription factor FOXO1 (forkhead box protein O1), acetylated FOXO1 (Ac-FOXO1), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) via Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and monitored gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Like the SIRT1 agonist, EA suppressed BW gain and IR levels in obese rats, but this was only partially blocked by the SIRT1 antagonist. EA could upregulate protein expression of hypothalamic SIRT1 and downregulate the acetylation level of FOXO1 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), which decreased gene expression of NPY and increased that of POMC. The agonist targeted the hypothalamic SIRT1 gene, unlike EA, which targeted posttranscriptional regulation. CONCLUSION EA could improve obesity in HFDI rats with IR via its anorectic effect. This effect targeted posttranscriptional regulation of the SIRT1 gene, which induced upregulation of ARC FOXO1 deacetylation and mediated the gene expression of POMC and NPY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wu
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
- *Fengxia Liang, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Tanhualin, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430061 (China), E-Mail , Rui Chen, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430022 (China), E-Mail
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Al-Massadi O, Quiñones M, Clasadonte J, Hernandez-Bautista R, Romero-Picó A, Folgueira C, Morgan DA, Kalló I, Heras V, Senra A, Funderburk SC, Krashes MJ, Souto Y, Fidalgo M, Luquet S, Chee MJ, Imbernon M, Beiroa D, García-Caballero L, Gallego R, Lam BYH, Yeo G, Lopez M, Liposits Z, Rahmouni K, Prevot V, Dieguez C, Nogueiras R. MCH Regulates SIRT1/FoxO1 and Reduces POMC Neuronal Activity to Induce Hyperphagia, Adiposity, and Glucose Intolerance. Diabetes 2019; 68:2210-2222. [PMID: 31530579 PMCID: PMC6868473 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an important regulator of food intake, glucose metabolism, and adiposity. However, the mechanisms mediating these actions remain largely unknown. We used pharmacological and genetic approaches to show that the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/FoxO1 signaling pathway in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) mediates MCH-induced feeding, adiposity, and glucose intolerance. MCH reduces proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuronal activity, and the SIRT1/FoxO1 pathway regulates the inhibitory effect of MCH on POMC expression. Remarkably, the metabolic actions of MCH are compromised in mice lacking SIRT1 specifically in POMC neurons. Of note, the actions of MCH are independent of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons because inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor in the ARC did not prevent the orexigenic action of MCH, and the hypophagic effect of MCH silencing was maintained after chemogenetic stimulation of AgRP neurons. Central SIRT1 is required for MCH-induced weight gain through its actions on the sympathetic nervous system. The central MCH knockdown causes hypophagia and weight loss in diet-induced obese wild-type mice; however, these effects were abolished in mice overexpressing SIRT1 fed a high-fat diet. These data reveal the neuronal basis for the effects of MCH on food intake, body weight, and glucose metabolism and highlight the relevance of SIRT1/FoxO1 pathway in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Massadi
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Clasadonte
- INSERM, U1172, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
- FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - René Hernandez-Bautista
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amparo Romero-Picó
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA
| | - Imre Kalló
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Violeta Heras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Samuel C Funderburk
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yara Souto
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Serge Luquet
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Melissa J Chee
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- INSERM, U1172, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalia Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Giles Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Miguel Lopez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA
| | - Vincent Prevot
- INSERM, U1172, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
- FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Livadas S, Chrousos GP. Molecular and Environmental Mechanisms Regulating Puberty Initiation: An Integrated Approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:828. [PMID: 31920956 PMCID: PMC6915095 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the initiation of puberty, one of the cornerstones of human evolution, have not been fully elucidated as yet. However, recently, an accumulating body of evidence has helped unravel several critical aspects of the process. It is clear that a change in the pattern of pituitary gonadotropin secretion serves as a hormonal trigger for puberty induction. This change is directly guided by the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generation, a phenomenon regulated by the Kisspeptin-Neurokinin-Dynorphin (KNDy) system also in the hypothalamus. This represents the kisspeptin molecule, which is crucial in augmenting GnRH secretion at puberty, whose secretion is fine-tuned by the opposing signals neurokinin B and dynorphin. Recently, the novel kisspeptin inhibitory signal MKRN3 was described, whose role in puberty initiation provided further insight into the mechanistic aspects of pubertal onset. Furthermore, the description of higher inhibitory and stimulatory signals acting upstream of the KNDy neurons suggested that the trigger point of puberty is located upstream of the KNDy system and the GnRH pulse generator. However, the mechanism of pubertal onset should not be considered as an isolated closed loop system. On the contrary, it is influenced by such factors as adipose tissue, gastrointestinal function, adrenal androgen production, energy sensing, and physical and psychosocial stress. Also, fetal and early life stressful events, as well as exposure to endocrine disruptors, may play important roles in pubertal initiation, the latter primarily through epigenetic modifications. Here we present the available data in the field and attempt to provide an integrated view of this unique and crucial phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarantis Livadas
- Endocrine Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Sarantis Livadas
| | - George P. Chrousos
- UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- George P. Chrousos
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baldo B, Gabery S, Soylu-Kucharz R, Cheong RY, Henningsen JB, Englund E, McLean C, Kirik D, Halliday G, Petersén Å. SIRT1 is increased in affected brain regions and hypothalamic metabolic pathways are altered in Huntington disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 45:361-379. [PMID: 30019499 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic dysfunction is involved in modulating the disease process in Huntington disease (HD) but the underlying mechanisms are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate if the metabolic regulators sirtuins are affected in HD. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to assess levels of SIRT1-3 and downstream targets in post mortem brain tissue from HD patients and control cases as well as after selective hypothalamic expression of mutant huntingtin (HTT) using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors in mice. RESULTS We show that mRNA levels of the metabolic regulator SIRT1 are increased in the striatum and the cerebral cortex but not in the less affected cerebellum in post mortem HD brains. Levels of SIRT2 are only increased in the striatum and SIRT3 is not affected in HD. Interestingly, mRNA levels of SIRT1 are selectively increased in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in HD. Further analyses of the LHA and VMH confirmed pathological changes in these regions including effects on SIRT1 downstream targets and reduced mRNA levels of orexin (hypocretin), prodynorphin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in the LHA and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the VMH. Analyses after selective hypothalamic expression of mutant HTT suggest that effects on BDNF, orexin, dynorphin and MCH are early and direct, whereas changes in SIRT1 require more widespread expression of mutant HTT. CONCLUSIONS We show that SIRT1 expression is increased in HD-affected brain regions and that metabolic pathways are altered in the HD hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Baldo
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Gabery
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - R Soylu-Kucharz
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - R Y Cheong
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J B Henningsen
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Englund
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C McLean
- Department of Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - D Kirik
- B.R.A.I.N.S. Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, UNSW Medicine and NeuRA, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Å Petersén
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wong SY, Tang BL. SIRT1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:813-825. [PMID: 27497424 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the aging population worldwide. SIRT1 deacetylation of histones and transcription factors impinge on multiple neuronal and non-neuronal targets, and modulates stress response, energy metabolism and cellular senescence/death pathways. Collectively, SIRT1 activity could potentially affect multiple aspects of hippocampal and cortical neuron function and survival, thus modifying disease onset and progression. In this review, the known and potential mechanisms of action of SIRT1 with regard to AD, and its potential as a therapeutic target, are discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yamamoto M, Takahashi Y. The Essential Role of SIRT1 in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:605. [PMID: 30405528 PMCID: PMC6205959 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocrine system plays an essential role in the physiological adaptation to malnutrition. The adaptive response of various hormones directs the energy utilization toward the survival functions and away from growth and reproduction. Particularly, the hypothalamic pituitary axis plays an integral and a central role in the regulation of endocrine organs. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase that is activated in response to calorie restriction (CR). SIRT1 is involved in cellular processes via the deacetylation of histone as well as various transcription factors and signal transduction molecules and thereby modulates the endocrine/metabolic functions. There is much evidence to demonstrate clearly that SIRT1 in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and other target organs modifies the synthesis, secretion, and activities of hormones and in turn induces the adaptive responses. In this review, we discussed the role of SIRT1 in the hypothalamic pituitary axis and its pathophysiological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yamamoto
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yutaka Takahashi
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou X, Zhang H, He L, Wu X, Yin Y. Long-Term l-Serine Administration Reduces Food Intake and Improves Oxidative Stress and Sirt1/NFκB Signaling in the Hypothalamus of Aging Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:476. [PMID: 30190704 PMCID: PMC6115525 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine has recently been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which, when occurring in the hypothalamus, contribute to age-related obesity. To explore whether long-term serine administration reduces oxidative stress and body weight in aging mice, various concentrations of l-serine dissolved in water were administered to 18-month-old C57BL/6J mice for 6 months. The results showed that the administration of 0.5% (w/v) l-serine significantly reduced food intake and body weight gain during the experiment. Moreover, the administration of 0.5% l-serine decreased the concentrations of leptin, malondialdehyde, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, while it increased those of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, in both the serum and hypothalamus. Reactive oxygen species and the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase were reduced in the hypothalamus of aging mice treated with l-serine as compared with untreated control mice. Additionally, the expression of the leptin receptor increased while the levels of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein decreased in mice that had been treated with 0.5% l-serine. The expression of Sirt1 and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) increased, while that of phosphorylated NFκB decreased in the mice treated with 0.5% l-serine. These results indicated that long-term l-serine administration reduces body weight by decreasing orexigenic peptide expression and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation during aging in mice, possibly by modulating the Sirt1/NFκB pathway. Thus, l-serine has the potential to be used in the prevention of age-related obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wu
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sirtuins as Modifiers of Huntington's Disease (HD) Pathology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 154:105-145. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
18
|
The Role of Ghrelin and Ghrelin Signaling in Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071511. [PMID: 28704966 PMCID: PMC5536001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
With our aging society, more people hope for a long and healthy life. In recent years, researchers have focused on healthy longevity factors. In particular, calorie restriction delays aging, reduces mortality, and extends life. Ghrelin, which is secreted during fasting, is well known as an orexigenic peptide. Because ghrelin is increased by caloric restriction, ghrelin may play an important role in the mechanism of longevity mediated by calorie restriction. In this review, we will discuss the role of orexigenic peptides with a particular focus on ghrelin. We conclude that the ghrelin-growth hormone secretagogue-R signaling pathway may play an important role in the anti-aging mechanism.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chernysheva MP, Nozdrachev AD. Neuroendocrine hypothalamus as a homeostat of endogenous time. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209301701001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Nillni EA. The metabolic sensor Sirt1 and the hypothalamus: Interplay between peptide hormones and pro-hormone convertases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 438:77-88. [PMID: 27614022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The last decade had witnessed a tremendous progress in our understanding of the causes of metabolic diseases including obesity. Among the contributing factors regulating energy balance are nutrient sensors such as sirtuins. Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), a NAD + - dependent deacetylase is affected by diet, environmental stress, and also plays a critical role in metabolic health by deacetylating proteins in many tissues, including liver, muscle, adipose tissue, heart, endothelium, and in the complexity of the hypothalamus. Because of its dependence on NAD+, Sirt1 also functions as a nutrient/redox sensor, and new novel data show a function of this enzyme in the maturation of hypothalamic peptide hormones controlling energy balance either through regulation of specific nuclear transcription factors or by regulating specific pro-hormone convertases (PCs) involved in the post-translational processing of pro-hormones. The post-translational processing mechanism of pro-hormones is critical in the pathogenesis of obesity as recently shown that metabolic and physiological triggers affect the biosynthesis and processing of many peptides hormones. Specific regulation of pro-hormone processing is likely another key step where final amounts of bioactive peptides can be tightly regulated. Different factors stimulate or inhibit pro-hormones biosynthesis in concert with an increase in the PCs involved in the maturation of bioactive hormones. Adding more complexity to the system, the new studies describe here suggest that Sirt1 could also regulate the fate of peptide hormone biosynthesis. The present review summarizes the recent progress in hypothalamic SIRT1 research with a particular emphasis on the tissue-specific control of neuropeptide hormone maturation. The series of studies done in mouse and rat models strongly advocate for the first time that a deacetylating enzyme could be a regulator in the maturation of peptide hormones and their processing enzymes. These discoveries are the culmination of the first in-depth understanding of the metabolic role of Sirt1 in the brain. It suggests that Sirt1 behaves differently in the brain than in organs such as the liver and pancreas, where the enzyme has been more commonly studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Nillni
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fujitsuka N, Asakawa A, Morinaga A, Amitani MS, Amitani H, Katsuura G, Sawada Y, Sudo Y, Uezono Y, Mochiki E, Sakata I, Sakai T, Hanazaki K, Yada T, Yakabi K, Sakuma E, Ueki T, Niijima A, Nakagawa K, Okubo N, Takeda H, Asaka M, Inui A. Increased ghrelin signaling prolongs survival in mouse models of human aging through activation of sirtuin1. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1613-1623. [PMID: 26830139 PMCID: PMC5078860 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is known to retard aging and delay functional decline as well as the onset of diseases in most organisms. Ghrelin is secreted from the stomach in response to CR and regulates energy metabolism. We hypothesized that in CR ghrelin has a role in protecting aging-related diseases. We examined the physiological mechanisms underlying the ghrelin system during the aging process in three mouse strains with different genetic and biochemical backgrounds as animal models of accelerated or normal human aging. The elevated plasma ghrelin concentration was observed in both klotho-deficient and senescence-accelerated mouse prone/8 (SAMP8) mice. Ghrelin treatment failed to stimulate appetite and prolong survival in klotho-deficient mice, suggesting the existence of ghrelin resistance in the process of aging. However, ghrelin antagonist hastened death and ghrelin signaling potentiators rikkunshito and atractylodin ameliorated several age-related diseases with decreased microglial activation in the brain and prolonged survival in klotho-deficient, SAMP8 and aged ICR mice. In vitro experiments, the elevated sirtuin1 (SIRT1) activity and protein expression through the cAMP-CREB pathway was observed after ghrelin and ghrelin potentiator treatment in ghrelin receptor 1a-expressing cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, rikkunshito increased hypothalamic SIRT1 activity and SIRT1 protein expression of the heart in the all three mouse models of aging. Pericarditis, myocardial calcification and atrophy of myocardial and muscle fiber were improved by treatment with rikkunshito. Ghrelin signaling may represent one of the mechanisms activated by CR, and potentiating ghrelin signaling may be useful to extend health and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Fujitsuka
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan,Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - A Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - A Morinaga
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M S Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - H Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - G Katsuura
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Y Sawada
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Sudo
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Uezono
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Mochiki
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - I Sakata
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Sakai
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Hanazaki
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - T Yada
- Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - K Yakabi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - E Sakuma
- Department of Integrative Anatomy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Ueki
- Department of Integrative Anatomy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Niijima
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Nakagawa
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N Okubo
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,Hokkaido University Hospital Gastroenterological Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Asaka
- Cancer Preventive Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - A Inui
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan,Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Glucosensing in liver and Brockmann bodies of rainbow trout through glucokinase-independent mechanisms. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 199:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
23
|
Velasco C, Librán-Pérez M, Otero-Rodiño C, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R658-R668. [PMID: 27465737 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00201.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in fish. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) the effects of intracerebroventricular treatment with C6:0 ceramide on food intake. In a second experiment, we assessed the effects in brain areas of ceramide treatment on neuropeptide expression, fatty acid-sensing systems, and cellular signaling pathways. Ceramide treatment induced a decrease in food intake, a response opposed to the orexigenic effect described in mammals, which can be related to enhanced mRNA abundance of cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript and proopiomelanocortin and decreased mRNA abundance of Agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y. Fatty acid-sensing systems appear to be inactivated by ceramide treatment. The mRNA abundance of integrative sensors AMPK and sirtuin 1, and the phosphorylation status of cellular signaling pathways dependent on protein kinase B, AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) are generally activated by ceramide treatment. However, there are differences between hypothalamus and hindbrain in the phosphorylation status of AMPK (decreased in hypothalamus and increased in hindbrain), mTOR (decreased in hypothalamus and increased in hindbrain), and FoxO1 (increased in hypothalamus and decreased in hindbrain) to ceramide treatment. The results suggest that ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout through mechanisms comparable to those characterized previously in mammals in some cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Librán-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Otero-Rodiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos A López-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kurylowicz A. In Search of New Therapeutic Targets in Obesity Treatment: Sirtuins. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17040572. [PMID: 27104517 PMCID: PMC4849028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the available non-invasive medical therapies for obesity are non-efficient in a long-term evaluation; therefore there is a constant need for new methods of treatment. Research on calorie restriction has led to the discovery of sirtuins (silent information regulators, SIRTs), enzymes regulating different cellular pathways that may constitute potential targets in the treatment of obesity. This review paper presents the role of SIRTs in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism as well as in the differentiation of adipocytes. How disturbances of SIRTs’ expression and activity may lead to the development of obesity and related complications is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on polymorphisms in genes encoding SIRTs and their possible association with susceptibility to obesity and metabolic complications, as well as on data regarding altered expression of SIRTs in human obesity. Finally, the therapeutic potential of SIRTs-targeted strategies in the treatment of obesity and related disorders is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kurylowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Desai M, Han G, Ross MG. Programmed hyperphagia in offspring of obese dams: Altered expression of hypothalamic nutrient sensors, neurogenic factors and epigenetic modulators. Appetite 2016; 99:193-199. [PMID: 26785315 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition results in programmed offspring obesity, mediated in part, by hyperphagia. This is remarkably similar to the effects of maternal undernutrition on offspring hyperphagia and obesity. In view of the marked differences in the energy environment of the over and under-nutrition exposures, we studied the expression of select epigenetic modifiers associated with energy imbalance including neurogenic factors and appetite/satiety neuropeptides which are indicative of neurogenic differentiation. HF offspring were exposed to maternal overnutrition (high fat diet; HF) during pregnancy and lactation. We determined the protein expression of energy sensors (mTOR, pAMPK), epigenetic factors (DNA methylase, DNMT1; histone deacetylase, SIRT1/HDAC1), neurogenic factors (Hes1, Mash1, Ngn3) and appetite/satiety neuropeptides (AgRP/POMC) in newborn hypothalamus and adult arcuate nucleus (ARC). Despite maternal obesity, male offspring born to obese dams had similar body weight at birth as Controls. However, when nursed by the same dams, male offspring of obese dams exhibited marked adiposity. At 1 day of age, HF newborn males had significantly decreased energy sensors, DNMT1 including Hes1 and Mash1, which may impact neuroprogenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. This is consistent with increased AgRP in HF newborns. At 6 months of age, HF adult males had significantly increased energy sensors and decreased histone deactylases. In addition, the persistent decreased Hes1, Mash1 as well as Ngn3 are consistent with increased AgRP and decreased POMC. Thus, altered energy sensors and epigenetic responses which modulate gene expression and adult neuronal differentiation may contribute to hyperphagia and obesity in HF male offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Desai
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Guang Han
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Michael G Ross
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The role and potential mechanism of resveratrol in the prevention and control of epilepsy. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:2005-18. [PMID: 26505553 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases affecting the nervous system, with more than 50 million patients suffering from epilepsy worldwide. Although epilepsy has been prevalent for thousands of years, it is still not possible to completely control the disease. Despite an increase in the number of available antiepileptic drugs, the incidence of epilepsy and its cure rate have not been substantially improved; thus, there is an urgent need to identify new drugs that treat, cure or protect against epilepsy. Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound with a broad range of biological activity; not only it has considerable antiepileptic effects, but it is also neuroprotective and has functions to counter epileptic depression. Resveratrol has the potential to be a new antiepileptic drug, thus further studies are needed to better investigate its potential.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ng F, Wijaya L, Tang BL. SIRT1 in the brain-connections with aging-associated disorders and lifespan. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:64. [PMID: 25805970 PMCID: PMC4353374 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The silent mating type information regulation 2 proteins (sirtuins) 1 of class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been associated with health span and longevity. SIRT1, the best studied member of the mammalian sirtuins, has a myriad of roles in multiple tissues and organs. However, a significant part of SIRT1's role that impinges on aging and lifespan may lie in its activities in the central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Systemically, SIRT1 influences energy metabolism and circadian rhythm through its activity in the hypothalamic nuclei. From a cell biological perspective, SIRT1 is a crucial component of multiple interconnected regulatory networks that modulate dendritic and axonal growth, as well as survival against stress. This neuronal cell autonomous activity of SIRT1 is also important for neuronal plasticity, cognitive functions, as well as protection against aging-associated neuronal degeneration and cognitive decline. We discuss recent findings that have shed light on the various activities of SIRT1 in the brain, which collectively impinge on aging-associated disorders and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laura Wijaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System Singapore, Singapore ; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cyr NE, Steger JS, Toorie AM, Yang JZ, Stuart R, Nillni EA. Central Sirt1 regulates body weight and energy expenditure along with the POMC-derived peptide α-MSH and the processing enzyme CPE production in diet-induced obese male rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:961-74. [PMID: 25549049 PMCID: PMC4330311 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the periphery, the nutrient-sensing enzyme Sirtuin 1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 [Sirt1]) reduces body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents. However, the role of hypothalamic Sirt1 in body weight and energy balance regulation is debated. The first studies to reveal that central Sirt1 regulates body weight came from experiments in our laboratory using Sprague-Dawley rats. Central inhibition of Sirt1 decreased body weight and food intake as a result of a forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1)-mediated increase in the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and decrease in the orexigenic Agouti-related peptide in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Here, we demonstrate that central inhibition of Sirt1 in DIO decreased body weight and increased energy expenditure at higher levels as compared with the lean counterpart. Brain Sirt1 inhibition in DIO increased acetylated FoxO1, which in turn increased phosphorylated FoxO1 via improved insulin/phosphorylated AKT signaling. Elevated acetylated FoxO1 and phosphorylated FoxO1 increased POMC along with the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) maturation enzyme carboxypeptidase E, which resulted in more of the bioactive POMC product α-MSH released into the paraventricular nucleus. Increased in α-MSH led to augmented TRH levels and circulating T3 levels (triiodothyronine, thyroid hormone). These results indicate that inhibiting hypothalamic Sirt1 in DIO enhances the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, which stimulates energy expenditure. Because we show that blocking central Sirt1 causes physiological changes that promote a negative energy balance in an obese individual, our results support brain Sirt1 as a significant target for weight loss therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Cyr
- Division of Endocrinology (N.E.C., J.S.S., A.M.T., J.Z.Y., R.S., E.A.N.), Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903; and Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry (E.A.N.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|