1
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Wu Y, Qin K, Xu Y, Rajhans S, Vo T, Lopez KM, Liu J, Nipper MH, Deng J, Yin X, Ramjit LR, Ye Z, Luan Y, Arda HE, Wang P. Hippo pathway-mediated YAP1/TAZ inhibition is essential for proper pancreatic endocrine specification and differentiation. eLife 2024; 13:e84532. [PMID: 39051998 PMCID: PMC11272159 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a central role in tissue development and homeostasis. However, the function of Hippo in pancreatic endocrine development remains obscure. Here, we generated novel conditional genetically engineered mouse models to examine the roles of Hippo pathway-mediated YAP1/TAZ inhibition in the development stages of endocrine specification and differentiation. While YAP1 protein was localized to the nuclei in bipotent progenitor cells, Neurogenin 3 expressing endocrine progenitors completely lost YAP1 expression. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we found that inactivation of YAP1 requires both an intact Hippo pathway and Neurogenin 3 protein. Gene deletion of Lats1 and 2 kinases (Lats1&2) in endocrine progenitor cells of developing mouse pancreas using Neurog3Cre blocked endocrine progenitor cell differentiation and specification, resulting in reduced islets size and a disorganized pancreas at birth. Loss of Lats1&2 in Neurogenin 3 expressing cells activated YAP1/TAZ transcriptional activity and recruited macrophages to the developing pancreas. These defects were rescued by deletion of Yap1/Wwtr1 genes, suggesting that tight regulation of YAP1/TAZ by Hippo signaling is crucial for pancreatic endocrine specification. In contrast, deletion of Lats1&2 using β-cell-specific Ins1CreER resulted in a phenotypically normal pancreas, indicating that Lats1&2 are indispensable for differentiation of endocrine progenitors but not for that of β-cells. Our results demonstrate that loss of YAP1/TAZ expression in the pancreatic endocrine compartment is not a passive consequence of endocrine specification. Rather, Hippo pathway-mediated inhibition of YAP1/TAZ in endocrine progenitors is a prerequisite for endocrine specification and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Kunhua Qin
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Shreya Rajhans
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Truong Vo
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Kevin M Lopez
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Michael H Nipper
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Janice Deng
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Xue Yin
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Logan R Ramjit
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Yu Luan
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
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2
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Nguyen HT, Wiederkehr A, Wollheim CB, Park KS. Regulation of autophagy by perilysosomal calcium: a new player in β-cell lipotoxicity. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:273-288. [PMID: 38297165 PMCID: PMC10907728 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential quality control mechanism for maintaining organellar functions in eukaryotic cells. Defective autophagy in pancreatic beta cells has been shown to be involved in the progression of diabetes through impaired insulin secretion under glucolipotoxic stress. The underlying mechanism reveals the pathologic role of the hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which inhibits lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic processes. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress induces Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosolic Ca2+ overload, which may contribute to mTOR activation in perilysosomal microdomains, leading to autophagic defects and β-cell failure due to lipotoxicity. This review delineates the antagonistic regulation of autophagic flux by mTOR and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) at the lysosomal membrane, and both of these molecules could be activated by perilysosomal calcium signaling. However, aberrant and persistent Ca2+ elevation upon lipotoxic stress increases mTOR activity and suppresses autophagy. Therefore, normalization of autophagy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for patients with β-cell failure and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thu Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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3
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Li F, Liu R, Negi V, Yang P, Lee J, Jagannathan R, Moulik M, Yechoor VK. VGLL4 and MENIN function as TEAD1 corepressors to block pancreatic β cell proliferation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111904. [PMID: 36662616 PMCID: PMC9970006 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TEAD1 and the mammalian Hippo pathway regulate cellular proliferation and function, though their regulatory function in β cells remains poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that while β cell-specific TEAD1 deletion results in a cell-autonomous increase of β cell proliferation, β cell-specific deletion of its canonical coactivators, YAP and TAZ, does not affect proliferation, suggesting the involvement of other cofactors. Using an improved split-GFP system and yeast two-hybrid platform, we identify VGLL4 and MENIN as TEAD1 corepressors in β cells. We show that VGLL4 and MENIN bind to TEAD1 and repress the expression of target genes, including FZD7 and CCN2, which leads to an inhibition of β cell proliferation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TEAD1 plays a critical role in β cell proliferation and identify VGLL4 and MENIN as TEAD1 corepressors in β cells. We propose that these could be targeted to augment proliferation in β cells for reversing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ruya Liu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vinny Negi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mousumi Moulik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vijay K. Yechoor
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (F.L.), (V.K.Y.)
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4
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Li F, Negi V, Yang P, Lee J, Ma K, Moulik M, Yechoor V. TEAD1 regulates cell proliferation through a pocket-independent transcription repression mechanism. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12723-12738. [PMID: 36484096 PMCID: PMC9825168 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-TEAD pathway regulates cellular proliferation and function. The existing paradigm is that TEAD co-activators, YAP and TAZ, and co-repressor, VGLL4, bind to the pocket region of TEAD1 to enable transcriptional activation or repressive function. Here we demonstrate a pocket-independent transcription repression mechanism whereby TEAD1 controls cell proliferation in both non-malignant mature differentiated cells and in malignant cell models. TEAD1 overexpression can repress tumor cell proliferation in distinct cancer cell lines. In pancreatic β cells, conditional knockout of TEAD1 led to a cell-autonomous increase in proliferation. Genome-wide analysis of TEAD1 functional targets via transcriptomic profiling and cistromic analysis revealed distinct modes of target genes, with one class of targets directly repressed by TEAD1. We further demonstrate that TEAD1 controls target gene transcription in a motif-dependent and orientation-independent manner. Mechanistically, we show that TEAD1 has a pocket region-independent, direct repressive function via interfering with RNA polymerase II (POLII) binding to target promoters. Our study reveals that TEAD1 target genes constitute a mutually restricted regulatory loop to control cell proliferation and uncovers a novel direct repression mechanism involved in its transcriptional control that could be leveraged in future studies to modulate cell proliferation in tumors and potentially enhance the proliferation of normal mature cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Feng Li.
| | - Vinny Negi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mousumi Moulik
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vijay K Yechoor
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 412 383 4251; Fax: +1 412 648 3290;
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5
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Budnik B, Straubhaar J, Neveu J, Shvartsman D. In‐depth analysis of proteomic and genomic fluctuations during the time course of human embryonic stem cells directed differentiation into beta cells. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100265. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Budnik
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource Laboratory (MSPRL) FAS Division of Science Harvard University 52 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Juerg Straubhaar
- Informatics and Scientific Applications Group FAS Center for Systems Biology Harvard University 38 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - John Neveu
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource Laboratory (MSPRL) FAS Division of Science Harvard University 52 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Dmitry Shvartsman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard University 7 Divinity Avenue Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Present address: Cellaria Inc. 9 Audubon Road Wakefield MA 01880 USA
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6
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Yuan T, Annamalai K, Naik S, Lupse B, Geravandi S, Pal A, Dobrowolski A, Ghawali J, Ruhlandt M, Gorrepati KDD, Azizi Z, Lim DS, Maedler K, Ardestani A. The Hippo kinase LATS2 impairs pancreatic β-cell survival in diabetes through the mTORC1-autophagy axis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4928. [PMID: 34389720 PMCID: PMC8363615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes results from a decline in functional pancreatic β-cells, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological β-cell failure are poorly understood. Here we report that large-tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2), a core component of the Hippo signaling pathway, is activated under diabetic conditions and induces β-cell apoptosis and impaired function. LATS2 deficiency in β-cells and primary isolated human islets as well as β-cell specific LATS2 ablation in mice improves β-cell viability, insulin secretion and β-cell mass and ameliorates diabetes development. LATS2 activates mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a physiological suppressor of autophagy, in β-cells and genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 counteracts the pro-apoptotic action of activated LATS2. We further show a direct interplay between Hippo and autophagy, in which LATS2 is an autophagy substrate. On the other hand, LATS2 regulates β-cell apoptosis triggered by impaired autophagy suggesting an existence of a stress-sensitive multicomponent cellular loop coordinating β-cell compensation and survival. Our data reveal an important role for LATS2 in pancreatic β-cell turnover and suggest LATS2 as a potential therapeutic target to improve pancreatic β-cell survival and function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karthika Annamalai
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shruti Naik
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Blaz Lupse
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shirin Geravandi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anasua Pal
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jaee Ghawali
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marina Ruhlandt
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Zahra Azizi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Wu Y, Aegerter P, Nipper M, Ramjit L, Liu J, Wang P. Hippo Signaling Pathway in Pancreas Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663906. [PMID: 34079799 PMCID: PMC8165189 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a vital regulator of pancreatic development and homeostasis, directing cell fate decisions, morphogenesis, and adult pancreatic cellular plasticity. Through loss-of-function research, Hippo signaling has been found to play key roles in maintaining the proper balance between progenitor cell renewal, proliferation, and differentiation in pancreatic organogenesis. Other studies suggest that overactivation of YAP, a downstream effector of the pathway, promotes ductal cell development and suppresses endocrine cell fate specification via repression of Ngn3. After birth, disruptions in Hippo signaling have been found to lead to de-differentiation of acinar cells and pancreatitis-like phenotype. Further, Hippo signaling directs pancreatic morphogenesis by ensuring proper cell polarization and branching. Despite these findings, the mechanisms through which Hippo governs cell differentiation and pancreatic architecture are yet to be fully understood. Here, we review recent studies of Hippo functions in pancreatic development, including its crosstalk with NOTCH, WNT/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pauline Aegerter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Michael Nipper
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Logan Ramjit
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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8
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Takei S, Nagashima S, Takei A, Yamamuro D, Wakabayashi T, Murakami A, Isoda M, Yamazaki H, Ebihara C, Takahashi M, Ebihara K, Dezaki K, Takayanagi Y, Onaka T, Fujiwara K, Yashiro T, Ishibashi S. β-Cell-Specific Deletion of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) Reductase Causes Overt Diabetes due to Reduction of β-Cell Mass and Impaired Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2020; 69:2352-2363. [PMID: 32796082 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), statins, which are used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, are associated with a modest increase in the risk of new-onset diabetes. To investigate the role of HMGCR in the development of β-cells and glucose homeostasis, we deleted Hmgcr in a β-cell-specific manner by using the Cre-loxP technique. Mice lacking Hmgcr in β-cells (β-KO) exhibited hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia as early as postnatal day 9 (P9) due to decreases in both β-cell mass and insulin secretion. Ki67-positive cells were reduced in β-KO mice at P9; thus, β-cell mass reduction was caused by proliferation disorder immediately after birth. The mRNA expression of neurogenin3 (Ngn3), which is transiently expressed in endocrine progenitors of the embryonic pancreas, was maintained despite a striking reduction in the expression of β-cell-associated genes, such as insulin, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), and MAF BZIP transcription factor A (Mafa) in the islets from β-KO mice. Histological analyses revealed dysmorphic islets with markedly reduced numbers of β-cells, some of which were also positive for glucagon. In conclusion, HMGCR plays critical roles not only in insulin secretion but also in the development of β-cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihito Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamuro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Wakabayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akiko Murakami
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masayo Isoda
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yamazaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Katsuya Dezaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuki Takayanagi
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Onaka
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Fujiwara
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Yashiro
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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9
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Enteroviruses and T1D: Is It the Virus, the Genes or Both which Cause T1D. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071017. [PMID: 32650582 PMCID: PMC7409303 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that results from the selective destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. Up to now, the mechanisms triggering the initiation and progression of the disease are, in their complexity, not fully understood and imply the disruption of several tolerance networks. Viral infection is one of the environmental factors triggering diabetes, which is initially based on the observation that the disease’s incidence follows a periodic pattern within the population. Moreover, the strong correlation of genetic susceptibility is a prerequisite for enteroviral infection associated islet autoimmunity. Epidemiological data and clinical findings indicate enteroviral infections, mainly of the coxsackie B virus family, as potential pathogenic mechanisms to trigger the autoimmune reaction towards β-cells, resulting in the boost of inflammation following β-cell destruction and the onset of T1D. This review discusses previously identified virus-associated genetics and pathways of β-cell destruction. Is it the virus itself which leads to β-cell destruction and T1D progression? Or is it genetic, so that the virus may activate auto-immunity and β-cell destruction only in genetically predisposed individuals?
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10
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Rosado-Olivieri EA, Aigha II, Kenty JH, Melton DA. Identification of a LIF-Responsive, Replication-Competent Subpopulation of Human β Cells. Cell Metab 2020; 31:327-338.e6. [PMID: 31928884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The beta (β)-cell mass formed during embryogenesis is amplified by cell replication during fetal and early postnatal development. Thereafter, β cells become functionally mature, and their mass is maintained by a low rate of replication. For those few β cells that replicate in adult life, it is not known how replication is initiated nor whether this occurs in a specialized subset of β cells. We capitalized on a YAP overexpression system to induce replication of stem-cell-derived β cells and, by single-cell RNA sequencing, identified an upregulation of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) pathway. Activation of the LIF pathway induces replication of human β cells in vitro and in vivo. The expression of the LIF receptor is restricted to a subset of transcriptionally distinct human β cells with increased proliferative capacity. This study delineates novel genetic networks that control the replication of LIF-responsive, replication-competent human β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Rosado-Olivieri
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Idil I Aigha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jennifer H Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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11
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Ardestani A, Li S, Annamalai K, Lupse B, Geravandi S, Dobrowolski A, Yu S, Zhu S, Baguley TD, Surakattula M, Oetjen J, Hauberg-Lotte L, Herranz R, Awal S, Altenhofen D, Nguyen-Tran V, Joseph S, Schultz PG, Chatterjee AK, Rogers N, Tremblay MS, Shen W, Maedler K. Neratinib protects pancreatic beta cells in diabetes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5015. [PMID: 31676778 PMCID: PMC6825211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells is a hallmark of diabetes. Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is a key regulator of pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction; its deficiency restores functional β-cells and normoglycemia. The identification of MST1 inhibitors represents a promising approach for a β-cell-protective diabetes therapy. Here, we identify neratinib, an FDA-approved drug targeting HER2/EGFR dual kinases, as a potent MST1 inhibitor, which improves β-cell survival under multiple diabetogenic conditions in human islets and INS-1E cells. In a pre-clinical study, neratinib attenuates hyperglycemia and improves β-cell function, survival and β-cell mass in type 1 (streptozotocin) and type 2 (obese Leprdb/db) diabetic mouse models. In summary, neratinib is a previously unrecognized inhibitor of MST1 and represents a potential β-cell-protective drug with proof-of-concept in vitro in human islets and in vivo in rodent models of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 as well as type 2 diabetes are characterized by a loss of insulin-producing β-cells. Here the authors show that the FDA-approved drug neratinib has beneficial effects on β-cell survival, insulin secretion, and glycemic control in mouse models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Sijia Li
- Calibr at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthika Annamalai
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Blaz Lupse
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shirin Geravandi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Shan Yu
- Calibr at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Siying Zhu
- Calibr at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Janina Oetjen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Center for Industrial Mathematics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,MALDI Imaging Lab, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lena Hauberg-Lotte
- Center for Industrial Mathematics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Raquel Herranz
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sushil Awal
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Delsi Altenhofen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Sean Joseph
- Calibr at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Weijun Shen
- Calibr at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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12
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Zheng Y, Pan D. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Development and Disease. Dev Cell 2019; 50:264-282. [PMID: 31386861 PMCID: PMC6748048 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway regulates diverse physiological processes, and its dysfunction has been implicated in an increasing number of human diseases, including cancer. Here, we provide an updated review of the Hippo pathway; discuss its roles in development, homeostasis, regeneration, and diseases; and highlight outstanding questions for future investigation and opportunities for Hippo-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA.
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13
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Braitsch CM, Azizoglu DB, Htike Y, Barlow HR, Schnell U, Chaney CP, Carroll TJ, Stanger BZ, Cleaver O. LATS1/2 suppress NFκB and aberrant EMT initiation to permit pancreatic progenitor differentiation. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000382. [PMID: 31323030 PMCID: PMC6668837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway directs cell differentiation during organogenesis, in part by restricting proliferation. How Hippo signaling maintains a proliferation-differentiation balance in developing tissues via distinct molecular targets is only beginning to be understood. Our study makes the unexpected finding that Hippo suppresses nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signaling in pancreatic progenitors to permit cell differentiation and epithelial morphogenesis. We find that pancreas-specific deletion of the large tumor suppressor kinases 1 and 2 (Lats1/2PanKO) from mouse progenitor epithelia results in failure to differentiate key pancreatic lineages: acinar, ductal, and endocrine. We carried out an unbiased transcriptome analysis to query differentiation defects in Lats1/2PanKO. This analysis revealed increased expression of NFκB activators, including the pantetheinase vanin1 (Vnn1). Using in vivo and ex vivo studies, we show that VNN1 activates a detrimental cascade of processes in Lats1/2PanKO epithelium, including (1) NFκB activation and (2) aberrant initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which together disrupt normal differentiation. We show that exogenous stimulation of VNN1 or NFκB can trigger this cascade in wild-type (WT) pancreatic progenitors. These findings reveal an unexpected requirement for active suppression of NFκB by LATS1/2 during pancreas development, which restrains a cell-autonomous deleterious transcriptional program and thereby allows epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Braitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - D. Berfin Azizoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yadanar Htike
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haley R. Barlow
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Schnell
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Chaney
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Department of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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14
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Albagli O, Maugein A, Huijbregts L, Bredel D, Carlier G, Martin P, Scharfmann R. New α- and SIN γ-retrovectors for safe transduction and specific transgene expression in pancreatic β cell lines. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:35. [PMID: 31208395 PMCID: PMC6580483 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral vectors are invaluable tools to transfer genes and/or regulatory sequences into differentiated cells such as pancreatic cells. To date, several kinds of viral vectors have been used to transduce different pancreatic cell types, including insulin-producing β cells. However, few studies have used vectors derived from « simple » retroviruses, such as avian α- or mouse γ-retroviruses, despite their high experimental convenience. Moreover, such vectors were never designed to specifically target transgene expression into β cells. RESULTS We here describe two novel α- or SIN (Self-Inactivating) γ-retrovectors containing the RIP (Rat Insulin Promoter) as internal promoter. These two retrovectors are easily produced in standard BSL2 conditions, rapidly concentrated if needed, and harbor a large multiple cloning site. For the SIN γ-retrovector, either the VSV-G (pantropic) or the retroviral ecotropic (rodent specific) envelope was used. For the α-retrovector, we used the A type envelope, as its receptor, termed TVA, is only naturally present in avian cells and can efficiently be provided to mammalian β cells through either exogenous expression upon cDNA transfer or gesicle-mediated delivery of the protein. As expected, the transgenes cloned into the two RIP-containing retrovectors displayed a strong preferential expression in β over non-β cells compared to transgenes cloned in their non-RIP (CMV- or LTR-) regulated counterparts. We further show that RIP activity of both retrovectors mirrored fluctuations affecting endogenous INSULIN gene expression in human β cells. Finally, both α- and SIN γ-retrovectors were extremely poorly mobilized by the BXV1 xenotropic retrovirus, a common invader of human cells grown in immunodeficient mice, and, most notably, of human β cell lines. CONCLUSION Our novel α- and SIN γ-retrovectors are safe and convenient tools to stably and specifically express transgene(s) in mammalian β cells. Moreover, they both reproduce some regulatory patterns affecting INSULIN gene expression. Thus, they provide a helpful tool to both study the genetic control of β cell function and monitor changes in their differentiation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Albagli
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Alicia Maugein
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Lukas Huijbregts
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bredel
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France.,Present Address: Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Géraldine Carlier
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7277 INSERM U1099, iBV (Institut de Biologie Valrose), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Bâtiment Sciences Naturelles; UFR Sciences, Parc Valrose, 28, avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
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15
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YAP inhibition enhances the differentiation of functional stem cell-derived insulin-producing β cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1464. [PMID: 30931946 PMCID: PMC6443737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived insulin-producing beta cells (SC-β) offer an inexhaustible supply of functional β cells for cell replacement therapies and disease modeling for diabetes. While successful directed differentiation protocols for this cell type have been described, the mechanisms controlling its differentiation and function are not fully understood. Here we report that the Hippo pathway controls the proliferation and specification of pancreatic progenitors into the endocrine lineage. Downregulation of YAP, an effector of the pathway, enhances endocrine progenitor differentiation and the generation of SC-β cells with improved insulin secretion. A chemical inhibitor of YAP acts as an inducer of endocrine differentiation and reduces the presence of proliferative progenitor cells. Conversely, sustained activation of YAP results in impaired differentiation, blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and increased proliferation of SC-β cells. Together these results support a role for YAP in controlling the self-renewal and differentiation balance of pancreatic progenitors and limiting endocrine differentiation in vitro. Pluripotent stem cells can be directed into insulin-producing beta cells in vitro. Here, the authors show that downregulation of YAP, an effector of the Hippo pathway, enhances endocrine progenitor differentiation and the generation of beta-cells with improved insulin secretion.
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16
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Ardestani A, Lupse B, Maedler K. Hippo Signaling: Key Emerging Pathway in Cellular and Whole-Body Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:492-509. [PMID: 29739703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway is a key regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis. Its dysregulation is linked to multiple pathological disorders. In addition to regulating development and growth, recent studies show that Hippo pathway components such as MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinases, as well as YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, are regulated by metabolic pathways and that the Hippo pathway controls metabolic processes at the cellular and organismal levels in physiological and metabolic disease states such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. In this review we summarize the connection between key Hippo components and metabolism, and how this interplay regulates cellular metabolism and metabolic pathways. The emerging function of Hippo in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
| | - Blaz Lupse
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
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17
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Ardestani A, Lupse B, Kido Y, Leibowitz G, Maedler K. mTORC1 Signaling: A Double-Edged Sword in Diabetic β Cells. Cell Metab 2018; 27:314-331. [PMID: 29275961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of metabolic and nutrient cues that integrates environmental inputs into downstream signaling pathways to control cellular metabolism, growth, and survival. While numerous in vitro and in vivo studies reported the positive functions of mTORC1 in the regulation of β cell survival and proliferation under physiological conditions, more recent work demonstrates the opposite in the long term; this is exemplified by the constitutive inappropriate hyper-activation of mTORC1 in diabetic islets or β cells under conditions of increased β cell stress and metabolic demands. These recent findings uncover mTORC1's importance as an emerging significant player in the development and progression of β cell failure in type 2 diabetes and suggest that mTORC1 may act as a "double edge sword" in the regulation of β cell mass and function in response to metabolic stress such as nutrient overload and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
| | - Blaz Lupse
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service and the Hadassah Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
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18
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Ardestani A, Maedler K. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells: Functions and Regulations. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:21-35. [PMID: 29053790 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that critically regulates development and homeostasis of various tissues in response to a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signals. As an emerging important player in many diseases, the Hippo pathway is also involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes on the level of the pancreatic islets. Multiple lines of evidence uncover the importance of Hippo signaling in pancreas development as well as in the regulation of β-cell survival, proliferation, and regeneration. Hippo therefore represents a potential target for therapeutic agents designed to improve β-cell function and survival in diabetes. In this review, we summarize recent data on the regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway in the pancreas/in pancreatic islets, its functions on β-cell homeostasis in physiology and pathophysiology, and its contribution toward diabetes progression. The current knowledge related to general mechanisms of action and the possibility of exploiting the Hippo pathway for therapeutic approaches to block β-cell failure in diabetes is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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19
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Michalopoulos GK. Hepatostat: Liver regeneration and normal liver tissue maintenance. Hepatology 2017; 65:1384-1392. [PMID: 27997988 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to all other organs, liver-to-body-weight ratio needs to be maintained always at 100% of what is required for body homeostasis. Adjustment of liver size to 100% of what is required for homeostasis has been called "hepatostat." Removal of a portion of any other organ is followed with local regeneration of a limited degree, but it never attempts to reach 100% of the original size. The complex mechanisms involved in this uniquely hepatic process encompass a variety of regenerative pathways that are specific to different types of injury. The most studied form of liver regeneration (LR) is that occurring after loss of hepatocytes in a single acute injury, such as rodent LR after two-thirds partial hepatectomy or administration of damaging chemicals (CCl4 , acetaminophen, etc.). Alternative regenerative pathways become activated when normal regeneration is thwarted and trigger the appearance of "progenitor" cells. Chronic loss of hepatocytes is associated with regenerative efforts characterized by continual hepatocyte proliferation and often has adverse consequences (development of cirrhosis or liver cancer). Even though a very few hepatocytes proliferate at any given time in normal liver, the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of liver weight by this slow process in the absence of liver injury are not as well understood. (Hepatology 2017;65:1384-1392).
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- a Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- a Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
| | - Amin Ardestani
- a Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
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21
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Nishio M, Maehama T, Goto H, Nakatani K, Kato W, Omori H, Miyachi Y, Togashi H, Shimono Y, Suzuki A. Hippo vs. Crab: tissue-specific functions of the mammalian Hippo pathway. Genes Cells 2017; 22:6-31. [PMID: 28078823 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a vital suppressor of tumorigenesis that is often inactivated in human cancers. In normal cells, the Hippo pathway is triggered by external forces such as cell crowding, or changes to the extracellular matrix or cell polarity. Once activated, Hippo signaling down-regulates transcription supported by the paralogous cofactors YAP1 and TAZ. The Hippo pathway's functions in normal and cancer biology have been dissected by studies of mutant mice with null or conditional tissue-specific mutations of Hippo signaling elements. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize results that have been gleaned from detailed in vivo characterizations of these mutants. Our goal is to describe the physiological roles of Hippo signaling in several normal organ systems, as well as to emphasize how disruption of the Hippo pathway, and particularly hyperactivation of YAP1/TAZ, can be oncogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakatani
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wakako Kato
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Omori
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyachi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideru Togashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Sharma A, Yerra VG, Kumar A. Emerging role of Hippo signalling in pancreatic biology: YAP re-expression and plausible link to islet cell apoptosis and replication. Biochimie 2017; 133:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Moya IM, Halder G. The Hippo pathway in cellular reprogramming and regeneration of different organs. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 43:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Yuan T, Rafizadeh S, Azizi Z, Lupse B, Gorrepati KDD, Awal S, Oberholzer J, Maedler K, Ardestani A. Proproliferative and antiapoptotic action of exogenously introduced YAP in pancreatic β cells. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86326. [PMID: 27812538 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of functional pancreatic β cells is a hallmark of both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Identifying the pathways that promote β cell proliferation and/or block β cell apoptosis is a potential strategy for diabetes therapy. The transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP), a major downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, is a key regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis by modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. YAP is not expressed in mature primary human and mouse β cells. We aimed to identify whether reexpression of a constitutively active form of YAP promotes β cell proliferation/survival. Overexpression of YAP remarkably induced β cell proliferation in isolated human islets, while β cell function and functional identity genes were fully preserved. The transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was upregulated upon YAP overexpression and necessary for YAP-dependent β cell proliferation. YAP overexpression protected β cells from apoptosis triggered by multiple diabetic conditions. The small redox proteins thioredoxin-1 and thioredoxin-2 (Trx1/2) were upregulated by YAP; disruption of the Trx system revealed that Trx1/2 was required for the antiapoptotic action of YAP in insulin-producing β cells. Our data show the robust proproliferative and antiapoptotic function of YAP in pancreatic β cells. YAP reconstitution may represent a disease-modifying approach to restore a functional β cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sahar Rafizadeh
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Blaz Lupse
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Sushil Awal
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Division of Transplantation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) project partner, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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25
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Saunders D, Powers AC. Replicative capacity of β-cells and type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2016; 71:59-68. [PMID: 27133598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to restore β-cell number or mass in type 1 diabetes (T1D) must combine an intervention to stimulate proliferation of remaining β-cells and an intervention to mitigate or control the β-cell-directed autoimmunity. This review highlights features of the β-cell, including it being part of a pancreatic islet, a mini-organ that is highly vascularized and highly innervated, and efforts to promote β-cell proliferation. In addition, the β-cell in T1D exists in a microenvironment with interactions and input from other islet cell types, extracellular matrix, vascular endothelial cells, neuronal projections, and immune cells, all of which likely influence the β-cell's capacity for replication. Physiologic β-cell proliferation occurs in human and rodents in the neonatal period and early in life, after which there is an age-dependent decline in β-cell proliferation, and also as part of the β-cell's compensatory response to the metabolic challenges of pregnancy and insulin resistance. This review reviews the molecular pathways involved in this β-cell proliferation and highlights recent work in two areas: 1) Investigators, using high-throughput screening to discover small molecules that promote human β-cell proliferation, are now focusing on the dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase-1a and cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2C/p18 or CDKN1A/p21as targets of compounds to stimulate adult human β-cell proliferation. 2) Local inflammation, macrophages, and the local β-cell microenvironment promote β-cell proliferation. Future efforts to harness the responsible mechanisms may lead to new approaches to promote β-cell proliferation in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Saunders
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States.
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