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Sharma S, Rana AK, Rahmatkar SN, Patial V, Singh D. Protective effect of Nardostachys jatamansi extract against lithium-pilocarpine-induced spontaneous recurrent seizures and associated cardiac irregularities in a rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116280. [PMID: 36813245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant widely used for the ethnomedical treatment of various ailments. The underground parts of the plants are used in traditional medicine to manage epilepsy and other cardiovascular conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of a characterized hydroalcoholic extract (NJET) of Nardostachys jatamansi in the lithium-pilocarpine rat model of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and associated cardiac irregularities. MATERIALS AND METHODS NJET was prepared by percolation using 80% ethanol. The dried NEJT was subjected to UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS for chemical characterization. Molecular docking studies were performed using the characterized compounds to understand mTOR interactions. The animals showing SRS following lithium-pilocarpine administration were treated with NJET for 6 weeks. Afterward, seizure severity, cardiac parameters, serum biochemistry, and histopathological parameters were studied. The cardiac tissue was processed for specific protein and gene expression studies. RESULTS The UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS characterized 13 compounds in NJET. The identified compounds subjected to molecular docking showed promising binding affinities toward mTOR. There was a dose-dependent decrease in the severity of SRS following the extract administration. A reduction in mean arterial pressure and serum biochemical markers (lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase) was also observed following NJET treatment in epileptic animals. Histopathological investigations revealed reduced degenerative changes and decreased fibrosis following the extract treatment. The cardiac mRNA level of Mtor, Rps6, Hif1a, and Tgfb3 was reduced in the extract-treated groups. Further, a similar reduction in the protein expression of p-mTOR and HIF-1α was also observed following NJET treatment in the cardiac tissue. CONCLUSIONS The results concluded that NJET treatment reduces lithium-pilocarpine-induced recurrent seizures and associated cardiac irregularities via downregulation of the mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shubham Nilkanth Rahmatkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Majeed A, Guleria S, Sharma N, Salaria KH, Aiman F, Singh B, Gupta VK. Antioxidant capacity and combinatorial antimicrobial effects of Nardostachys jatamansi essential oil with conventional antibiotics against some drug resistant bacteria. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Cardioprotective effect of Hrudroga Chintamani Rasa in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1261-1270. [PMID: 36404861 PMCID: PMC9672163 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ayurvedic system, a traditional medicinal system has mentioned a preparation Bruhat Vata Chintamani Rasa (Suvarnayukta) for management of heart diseases. Hrudroga Chintamani Rasa (HCR) is a formulation containing Bruhat Vata Chintamani Rasa and a few additional ingredients having beneficial effects in heart diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective activity of the Hrudroga Chintamani Rasa in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with HCR at a dose of 56.16 and 112.32 mg/kg for 30 days. Animals received ISO (85 mg/kg. s.c.) on 28th and 29th day at an interval of 24 h. Result Disease control animals treated with HCR at a dose of 56.16 mg/kg and 112.32 mg/kg to rats showed a significant reduction in elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB), and prevented loss of depleted antioxidant enzymes from the cardiac tissue. ISO-altered electrocardiogram pattern and haemodynamic parameters were also brought about to normal by treatment with HCR. HCR treatment also improved the levels of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) which have potent role in antioxidant defence mechanism. Histopathological findings also showed HCR treatment prevented cardiac tissue from damage. Conclusion HCR treatment showed a significant cardioprotective effect in ISO-induced cardiotoxicity in rats probably because of the potent antioxidant activity. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01012-4.
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Fang J, Li R, Zhang Y, Oduro PK, Li S, Leng L, Wang Z, Rao Y, Niu L, Wu HH, Wang Q. Aristolone in Nardostachys jatamansi DC. induces mesenteric vasodilation and ameliorates hypertension via activation of the K ATP channel and PDK1-Akt-eNOS pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154257. [PMID: 35738117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nardostachys jatamansi DC. is a common medicinal herb used to treat cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension. Previously, our lab characterized the chemical compounds of N. jatamansi. However, the bioactive compounds of N. jatamansi and their mechanisms of action on blood pressure and blood vessels are unknown. PURPOSE The vasorelaxant effects of the methanolic extract (MeOH ext.) of the roots and rhizomes of N. jatamansi, its main compounds, and their underlying mode of action, were investigated. METHODS The main compounds of N. jatamansi were isolated and identified using UHPLC-TOF MS. The antihypertensive effect of N. jatamansi extracts and (-)-aristolone were determined using spontaneously hypertensive rats. The extracts, fractions, and compounds were also evaluated for their vasorelaxant effects on U46619 contractile responses in isolated thoracic aortic and mesenteric arterial rings. The endothelial-dependent relaxation, as well as the regulatory pathways and targets of (-)-aristolone, were studied in-vitro and ex-vivo. Molecular docking and biophysical characterization (Surface plasmon resonance) studies were utilized to investigate the molecular interaction between (-)-aristolone and the target protein. RESULTS MeOH ext. (200 mg/kg) reduces the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. MeOH ext. and its ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc Fr.), but not the H2O fraction, had a significant relaxing effect on the thoracic aorta. (-)-aristolone and kanshone H from EtOAc Fr. induced vasorelaxation of the thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, (-)-aristolone treatment upregulated phosphorylation of Akt (T308) and eNOS. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed an interaction between (-)-aristolone and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), an upstream protein kinase that phosphorylates Akt at T308. Treatment with PDK1 inhibitor PHT-427 and eNOS inhibitor L-NAME consistently inhibited (-)-aristolone-induced vasorelaxation. In addition, KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide dramatically inhibited the vasorelaxant effects of (-)-aristolone and kanshone H in the endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta. Finally, (-)-aristolone lowers hypertensive rats' systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS The extracts of N. jatamansi promote vasorelaxation and alleviate hypertension. The essential chemicals responsible for producing vasorelaxation effects are (-)-aristolone and kanshone H, which activate the PDK1-Akt-eNOS-NO relaxing pathway and stimulate the opening of the KATP channel. These findings point to N. jatamansi and aristolone as possible antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Fang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ran Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sa Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yao Rao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lu Niu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China.
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Wang M, Yang TT, Rao Y, Wang ZM, Dong X, Zhang LH, Han L, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhu Y, Gao XM, Li TX, Wang HY, Xu YT, Wu HH. A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and the analytical methods of the genus Nardostachys. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114446. [PMID: 34339792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of the genus Nardostachys (Caprifoliaceae) have been used for a long history in different cultural systems of medicine, including Chinese, Ayurvedic, Korean folk medicine and Islamic, for treatments of disorders in nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and integumentary systems. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide comprehensive information on Nardostachys plants including botany update, traditional uses, data mining of uses in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and current Chinese medicinal patents, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, toxicity and analytical method studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies of the genus Nardostachys were collected via Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, ACS Publications, NLM/NCBI, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, EMBASE, Huabeing database and Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Network and libraries. Some local books, PhD or MS's dissertations were also included. The literatures cited in this review covered the period from 1962 to March 2021. The Plant List and Kew Herbarium Catalogue databases were used to authenticate the scientific name. RESULTS Botany description of Nardostachys genus is updated. Analysis of the literatures indicates that Nardostachys species are valuable herbs with therapeutic potentials for various disorders. Data mining on ancient TCM prescriptions and current Chinese medicinal patents containing Nardostachys revealed its common compatibility with other herbs in China. Phytochemical studies identified terpenoids and phenolic compounds as the main constituents in the genus Nardostachys and sesquiterpenoids as the major bioactive components. Experimental studies demonstrated that crude extracts, major fractions and the main constituents from Nardostachys species mainly exhibited pharmacological activities on nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and skin systems. Further, in vivo and in vitro toxicological studies demonstrated that Nardostachys plants showed either no or low toxicities, except at high doses. Finally, methods of qualitative and quantitative analyses on chemical constituents of genus Nardostachys were summarized, including TLC/HPTLC, GC and HPLC/UPLC methods, combined with common detectors including PDA, DAD and MS. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the progress on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and analytical methods of the genus Nardostachys. Studies demonstrate traditional uses of the genus Nardostachys, and reveal novel bioactive effects for clinical uses. These achievements expand our knowledge on the genus Nardostachys and its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yao Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Zhi-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xueqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tian-Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Effect of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. on Apoptosis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Doxorubicin in Wistar Rats. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111579. [PMID: 33203171 PMCID: PMC7734586 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the protective action of jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Methanolic extract of jatamansi (MEJ) was prepared and standardized using HPTLC fingerprinting, GC-MS chemoprofiling, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in vitro. Further in vivo activity was evaluated using rodent model. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 6) namely control (CNT) (Normal saline), toxicant (TOX, without any treatment), MEJ at low dose (JAT1), MEJ at high dose (JAT2), and standard desferrioxamine (STD). All groups except control received doxorubicin 2.5 mg per Kg intra-peritoneally for 3 weeks in twice a week regimen. After 3 weeks, the blood samples and cardiac tissues were collected from all groups for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Treatment with MEJ at both dose levels exhibited significant reduction (p < 0.001 vs. toxicant) of serum CK-MB (heart creatine kinase), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) & HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) levels, and tissue MDA (melondialdehyde) level; insignificant difference was observed (p > 0.05) in TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor), IL-6 (interleukine-6) levels and caspase activity as compared to TOX. Histopathological evaluation of cardiac tissues of different treatment groups further reinforced the findings of biochemical estimation. This study concludes that jatamansi can protect cardiac tissues from oxidative stress-induced cell injury and lipid peroxidation as well as against inflammatory and apoptotic effects on cardiac tissues.
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Dhiman N, Bhattacharya A. Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC.-Challenges and opportunities of harnessing the untapped medicinal plant from the Himalayas. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112211. [PMID: 31533076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. (family Caprifoliaceae) is prized in the Chinese, Tibetan, Nepalese, Bhutanese, Indian and Japanese systems of medicine. Its medicinal properties are well documented in ancient literature such as the Ayurvedic classics, the Old Testament, Ben-Cao- Shi-Yi, and Homer's Iliad. The plant is critically endangered and found in the alpine and sub-alpine regions of the Himalayas. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aims to show the challenges and opportunities of harnessing the untapped pharmaceutical resources of N. jatamansi. Another aim is to explore the possibilities of translating ethnobotanical information into health benefit applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sources of information used in the study are government reports, dissertations, books, research articles and databases like Science-Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and ACS Publications on N. jatamansi. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the study, we have examined and discussed reports on phytochemicals present in the plant, their structure, biological activity, pharmacological properties of extracts derived from plant parts, isolated compounds, and commercially available products from the plant. We have identified and discussed ambiguities and confusions about the plant's nomenclature and geographical distribution, and highlighted various studies that failed to discuss this issue. We analyzed the links between various reports on ethnobotanical information as well as studies on phytochemistry and pharmacologyconfirming the therapeutic properties of N. jatamansi. However, in many of these findings which had used dried samples, there was an uncanny resemblance between the phytochemical profiles and biological activities of N. jatamansi and Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. (another genus from family, Caprifoliaceae). Since both the species share identical vernacular names, a possible reason could be that the samples may not have been of two separate species. Other limitations of different studies were the use of out-dated techniques for phytochemical profiling, absence of toxicology studies using animal models and clinical trials using human subjects. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of various studies revealed a confusion about the botanical nomenclature of the plants and their geographical distributions. Absence of proper markers for identification of correct samples and improperly conducted studies on N. jatamansi were found to be the major hurdles to the use of ethnobotanical information and research findings into applications for human health. Development of markers using molecular, chemical and pharmacognosy based approaches for plant authentication and, in vitro propagation of authenticated material for easy availability of genuine plant material are the possible solutions to the problems identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Dhiman
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bio-Resource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bio-Resource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Bhattacharya
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bio-Resource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bio-Resource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Li Y, Huang J, Lu J, Ding Y, Jiang L, Hu S, Chen J, Zeng Q. The role and mechanism of Asian medicinal plants in treating skin pigmentary disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112173. [PMID: 31445129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chloasma, senile plaques, vitiligo and other pigmentary disorders seriously affect patients' appearance and life quality. Medicinal plant is the product of long-term medical practice worldwide, with the advantages of outstanding curative properties and less side effects. Recently, research were made to explore the value of medicinal plants in the treatment of pigmentary disorders, and remarkable results were achieved. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review outlines the current understanding of the role and potential mechanisms of medicinal plants (including active ingredients, extracts and prescriptions) in pigmentary disorders, especially Chinese medicinal plants, provides the preclinical evidence for the clinical benefits. This study hopes to provide comprehensive information and reliable basis for exploring new therapeutic strategies of plant drugs in the treatment of skin pigmented diseases. METHODS The literature information was obtained from the scientific databases (up to Oct, 2017), mainly from the PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI databases, and was to identify the experimental studies on the regulating melanogenesis role of the active agents from herbal medicine and the involved mechanisms. The search keywords for such work included: "pigmentary" or "pigmentation", "melanogenesis", and "traditional Chinese medicine" or "Chinese herbal medicine", "herb", "medicinal plant". RESULTS We summarized the function of medicinal plants involved in melanogenesis, especially Chinese medicine. It was reported that the active ingredients, extracts, or prescriptions of medicinal plants can regulate the expression of genes related to melanogenesis by affecting the signaling pathways such as MAPK and PKA, thereby regulating pigment synthesis. Some of them can promote melanogenesis (such as isoliquiritigenin, geniposide; Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.; the Bairesi complex prescription, etc.). While others have the opposite effect (such as biochanin A, Gomisin N; Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Nardostachys chinensis Bat.; Sanbaitang, etc.). CONCLUSION Asian medicinal plants, especially their active ingredients, have multilevel effects on melanogenesis by regulating melanogenesis-related genes or signaling pathways. They are of great clinical value for the treatment of skin pigmentary disorders. However, the experimental effect, safety, and functional mechanism of the medicinal plants require further determination before studying their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Yufang Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Shuanghai Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China.
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China.
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Traditional Herbal Knowledge among the Inhabitants: A Case Study in Urgam Valley of Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5656925. [PMID: 31275412 PMCID: PMC6582913 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5656925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Indian Himalaya is rich in plant species, including many medicinal plants, greatly valued by local inhabitants for health care needs. The study in Urgam Valley of Uttarakhand, India, is to identity and document traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. The study revealed high consensus on medicinal plant usage, with 51 species belonging to 31 families used for local health care. Number of species and uses known increases with age, and elders and specialist healers retain higher levels of traditional medicinal plant knowledge, having unique knowledge of medicinal plants and their uses as well as preparation.
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Razack S, Kandikattu HK, Venuprasad MP, Amruta N, Khanum F, Chuttani K, Mishra AK. Anxiolytic actions of Nardostachys jatamansi via GABA benzodiazepine channel complex mechanism and its biodistribution studies. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1533-1549. [PMID: 29934858 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nardostachys jatamansi has profound applications against pharmacological interventions and is categorized as a hypno-sedative drug according to Ayurveda. In the present study probable mechanism of anxiolytic action of Nardostachys jatamansi extract (NJE) was studied using behavioral anxiolytic tests (Elevated plus maze, Open field test, Light dark box test, and Vogel's conflict test) in mice. Mice were treated orally with NJE (250 mg/kg) for 3, 7 and 14 days or diazepam (1 mg/kg) followed by behavioral assessment and estimation of monoamine neurotransmitters, GABA, and antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of mice for 7 days caused an increase in time spent in open arms in elevated plus maze, number of line crossings in open field test, increased time spent in lit compartment of light-dark box test, an increase in number of licks made and shocks accepted in Vogel's conflict test, with results comparable to diazepam and this treatment also caused a significant increase in monoamine neurotransmitters and GABA in brain and tissue antioxidant parameters. Co-treatment of NJE with flumazenil (GABA-benzodiazepine antagonist; 0.5 mg/kg i.p) or picrotoxin (GABAA gated chloride channel blocker; 1 mg/kg i.p) caused a blockage/antagonised anxiolytic actions of NJE by causing a significant reduction in time spent in open arms of elevated plus maze, an decrease in number of line crossing in open field test and also number of shocks and licks accepted in Vogel's conflict test. Further, NJE was radiolabelled with technetium99m at their hydroxyl groups following which purity as well as in vivo and in vitro stability of radiolabelled formulations was evaluated. The blood kinetics and in vivo bio-distribution studies were carried out in rabbits and mice respectively. Labeled formulation was found to be stable in vitro (96 to 93% stability) and in vivo (96 to 92% stability). The labeled compound was cleared rapidly from blood (within 24 h) and accumulated majorly in kidneys (11.65 ± 1.33), liver (6.07 ± 0.94), and blood (4.03 ± 0.63) after 1 h. However, a small amount was observed in brain (0.1 ± 0.02) probably because of its inability to cross blood-brain barrier. These results highlight biodistribution pattern of NJE, and also indicated that a 7-day treatment with NJE produced significant anxiolytic effects in mice and also a significant increase in brain monoamine and GABA neurotransmitter levels and suggests that anxiolytic effects of NJE are primarily and plausibly mediated by activating GABAergic receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Razack
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India.
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | - M P Venuprasad
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | | | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India.
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brigadier Mazumdar Marg, Timar Pur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brigadier Mazumdar Marg, Timar Pur, Delhi, 110054, India
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11
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Mishra D, Tubaki BR. Effect of Brahmi vati and Sarpagandha Ghana vati in management of essential hypertension - A randomized, double blind, clinical study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; 10:269-276. [PMID: 29242090 PMCID: PMC6938844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential hypertension (EHTN) is emerging as one of the most prevalent disorder with high rate of complications, morbidity and mortality. Brahmi vati, an Ayurvedic medicine is explored for its efficacy in the management of EHTN. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Brahmi vati and sarpagandha Ghana vati in the management of EHTN. Methods Total 68 patients meeting the JNC 7 criteria of EHTN of age group 20 to 60 years of either sex participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups, group A received capsule Brahmi vati 500 mg and group B capsule Sarpagandha Ghana vati 500 mg respectively twice a day for 30 days. Assessments were done through various variables like systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), lipid profiles, Hamilton anxiety rating scale, 2 weeks sleep diary, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, total leukocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Follow up visit was on every 15th day. Results Study showed that both Brahmi vati and Sarpagandha Ghanavati produced improvement in most of the variables and were comparable. Improvements were seen in various variables like SBP, DBP, MAP, Hamilton anxiety rating scale, subjective sleep profiles and total cholesterol. However Brahmi vati showed increase in weight and Body Mass Index (BMI). SarpagandhaGhanavati produced reduction in total cholesterol and LDL. Both groups showed good safety profile evaluated through the assessment of serum creatinine levels. Conclusion Clinical efficacy of Sarpagandha Ghana vati and Brahmi vati on EHTN showed that both were effective, safe and comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanpat Mishra
- Department of Kayachikitsa, KLEU BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Belgaum 590003, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj R Tubaki
- Department of Kayachikitsa, KLEU BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Belgaum 590003, Karnataka, India.
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12
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Li M, Xu X, Yang X, Kwong JSW, Shang H. The cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects of Nardostachys chinensis in animal and cell experiments. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:398. [PMID: 28797251 PMCID: PMC5553922 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of premature death throughout the world. An estimated 17.5 million people died from CVD in 2012, representing 31% of all global deaths. Nardostachys chinensis (NC), a typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), plays a crucial role in the management of patients with CVD, especially for those with cardiac arrhythmia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects of NC in animal and cell experiments. Methods To review the cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects of NC, studies of NC on cardiovascular diseases in animal and cell experiments were identified from five databases through April 2016. Two investigators independently conducted the literature search, study selection, and data extraction. Results A total of 16 studies were identified, including five animal experiments and eleven cell experiments. Four studies showed significant effects of NC on myocardial protection by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Twelve studies indicated significant beneficial effects of NC in cardiac arrhythmia primarily through the modulation of ion channels (Ik, Ik1, INa, ICa-L, Ito). Conclusion The above findings showed the possible efficacy of NC via its cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations and the deficiencies in the studies.
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13
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Anchi P, Khurana A, Bale S, Godugu C. The Role of Plant-derived Products in Pancreatitis: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Phytother Res 2017; 31:591-623. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Anchi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Swarna Bale
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar; Hyderabad Telangana India
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Sarhadynejad Z, Sharififar F, Pardakhty A, Nematollahi MH, Sattaie-Mokhtari S, Mandegary A. Pharmacological safety evaluation of a traditional herbal medicine "Zereshk-e-Saghir" and assessment of its hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:387-395. [PMID: 27426508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Zereshk-e-Saghir" (ZES), one of the traditional herbal medicines in old manuscripts of Persian hakims, has been used for the treatment of liver disorders. This current study is aimed to evaluate ZES effects on animal model to investigate its safety and hepatoprotective activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS ZES was prepared according to a traditional method by blending aqueous extracts of Berberis vulgaris L., with fine particles of other plants including Rosa damascene Mill, Cichorium intybus L., Cucumis sativus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Rheum palmatum L., and Nardostachys jatamansi DC.. The lethality of ZES was determined in male NMRI mice. Acute organ toxicity of ZES (750 and 1500mg/kg for 15 days, orally) was evaluated by measuring the cell blood count, liver marker enzymes, creatinine, antioxidant status and histopathological examinations in rats. CCl4-induced liver toxicity was used to examine the hepatoprotective effects of the preparation. The rats were pretreated with 250, 500, 750 and 1500mg/kg ZES by gavage for 15 days. At day 16, the rats were intraperitoneally injected 1ml/kg CCl4 in olive oil. Forty-eight hours after CCl4 injection, the animals were sacrificed and their liver samples and blood were collected for determination of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase (ALT, AST, and ALP), histopathological examinations and antioxidant status. RESULTS Treatment of the mice with a single dose of ZES up to 2g/kg did not cause mortality. Treatment of the rats with doses of 750 and 1500mg/kg for 15 days showed no significant hematotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Treatment of the rats with ZES reduced the increased serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP induced by CCl4 at the doses of 250, 500, and 750mg/kg. This was almost confirmed by histopathological examinations. Pretreatment with ZES also decreased lipid peroxidation and maintained the levels of glutathione and total antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS The present in vivo study revealed that the long term usage of ZES was safe for organs in laboratory animals. Meanwhile, prescribing the traditionally-recommended dose of ZES can be probably used against the liver injuries induced by xenobiotics. Further studies in other models of liver injuries are recommended for finding the exact hepatoprotective mechanism of ZES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarrin Sarhadynejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Haft-Bagh Blvd., P.O. Box 7616911319, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Haft-Bagh Blvd., P.O. Box 7616911319, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, School of Pharmacy, Haft-Bagh Blvd., P.O. Box 7616911319, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Hadi Nematollahi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616914111, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Saeedeh Sattaie-Mokhtari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616911319, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 7616911319, Kerman, Iran; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Afzalipour"s Hospital, Imam Highway, P.O. Box 7616913911, Kerman, Iran.
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Sim J, Yoon I, Yun H, An H, Suh YG. Divergent synthetic route to new cyclopenta[c]pyran iridoids: syntheses of jatamanin A, F, G and J, gastrolactone and nepetalactone. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1244-51. [PMID: 26647357 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six natural iridoids including jatamanin A, F, G and J, gastrolactone and nepetalactone have been synthesized via the efficient transformation of a core cyclopenta[c]pyran intermediate. Key features of the syntheses include the stereoselective construction of the core cyclopenta[c]pyran skeleton of the iridoid lactones via a Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular allylic alkylation, and the facile transformation of the common intermediate into natural iridoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Singh M, Khan MA, Khan MS, Ansari SH, Ahmad S. Standardization and in vitro antioxidant activity of jatamansi rhizome. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:275-9. [PMID: 26681882 PMCID: PMC4678979 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.168025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nardostachys jatamansi Linn. commonly known as jatamansi is a well notorious drug in Indian systems of medicines having various health-related benefits and employed in various herbal formulations due to the presence of high levels of valuable phenolic constituents. The present study was aimed to quality assessment of Jatamansi rhizome by studying macro- and micro-scopic characters along with physicochemical tests, chemo-profiling using thin layer chromatography (TLC), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in vitro antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Standardization was carried out as per the pharmacopeial guidelines and contaminant estimation was carried out by analyzing the samples for the determination of heavy metals, pesticides, and aflatoxins. Chemo-profiling was done with TLC by optimizing the mobile phase for different extracts. The GC-MS chemo-profiling was also carried out by using hexane soluble fraction of the hydroalcoholic extract. The drug is well known for a protective role in the human body as an antioxidant, so total phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant efficacy was also determined by using established methods. Results: The results of quality control and anatomical studies were very much useful for its identification, whereas significant antioxidant efficacy was also observed. The drug was found free of contaminants when analyzed for pesticides and aflatoxins, whereas heavy metals were found under the pharmacopeial limit. Conclusion: The findings of the present research can be utilized for the identification and quality control of the jatamansi rhizome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhaveer Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad A Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Masood S Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - S H Ansari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Razack S, Kumar KH, Nallamuthu I, Naika M, Khanum F. Antioxidant, Biomolecule Oxidation Protective Activities of Nardostachys jatamansi DC and Its Phytochemical Analysis by RP-HPLC and GC-MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:185-203. [PMID: 26785345 PMCID: PMC4665568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at analyzing the metabolite profile of Nardostachys jatamansi using RP-HPLC, GC-MS and also its antioxidant, biomolecule protective and cytoprotective properties. The 70% ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (NJE) showed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids (gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, homovanillin, epicatechin, rutin hydrate and quercetin-3-rhamnoside) analyzed by RP-HPLC, whereas hexane extract revealed an array of metabolites (fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, alkane hydrocarbons and esters) by GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant assays showed the enhanced potency of NJE with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 222.22 ± 7.4 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 13.90 ± 0.5 μg/mL for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 113.81 ± 4.2 μg/mL for superoxide, 948 ± 21.1 μg/mL for metal chelating and 12.3 ± 0.43 mg FeSO₄ equivalent/g of extract for ferric reducing antioxidant power assays and was more potent than hexane extract. NJE effectively inhibited 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidation of biomolecules analyzed by pBR322 plasmid DNA damage, protein oxidation of bovine serum albumin and lipid peroxidation assays. The observed effects might be due to the high content of polyphenols, 53.06 ± 2.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, and flavonoids, 25.303 ± 0.9 mg catechin equivalents/g, of NJE compared to the hexane fraction. Additionally, the extract abrogated the protein, carbonyl, and ROS formation, and NJE showed cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells above 75 μg/mL. Thus, the study suggests that the herb unequivocally is a potential source of antioxidants and could aid in alleviating oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Razack
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, India.
| | | | - Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, India.
| | - Mahadeva Naika
- Applied Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, India.
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nanosciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, India.
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18
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Maiwulanjiang M, Bi CWC, Lee PSC, Xin G, Miernisha A, Lau KM, Xiong A, Li N, Dong TTX, Aisa HA, Tsim KWK. The volatile oil of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in HUVEC cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116761. [PMID: 25643147 PMCID: PMC4359165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nardostahyos Radix et Rhizoma (NRR; the root and rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) is a widely used medicinal herb. Historically, NRR is being used for the treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. To search for active ingredients of NRR, we investigated the vascular benefit of NRR volatile oil in (i) the vasodilation in rat aorta ring, and (ii) the release of nitric oxide (NO) and the phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). By measuring the fluorescence signal in cultures, application of NRR volatile oil resulted in a rapid activation of NO release as well as the phosphorylation of eNOS: both inductions were markedly reduced by L-NAME. In parallel, the phosphorylation level of Akt kinase was markedly increased by the oil treatment, which was partially attenuated by PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. This inhibitor also blocked the NRR-induced NO production and eNOS phosphorylation. In HUVECs, application of NRR volatile oil elevated the intracellular Ca(2+) level, and BAPTA-AM, a Ca(2+) chelator, reduced the Ca(2+) surge: the blockage were also applied to NRR-induced eNOS phosphorylation and NO production. These findings suggested the volatile oil of NRR was the major ingredient in triggering the vascular dilatation, and which was mediated via the NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitinuer Maiwulanjiang
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cathy W. C. Bi
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pinky S. C. Lee
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guizhong Xin
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abudureyimu Miernisha
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kei M. Lau
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aizhen Xiong
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Li
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T. X. Dong
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haji A. Aisa
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Natural Products Chemistry, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Kishore RK, Abhishekh HA, Udupa K, Thirthalli J, Lavekar GS, Gangadhar BN, Raju TR, Sathyaprabha TN. Evaluation of the influence of ayurvedic formulation (Ayushman-15) on psychopathology, heart rate variability and stress hormonal level in major depression (Vishada). Asian J Psychiatr 2014; 12:100-7. [PMID: 25219946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ayurveda (Indian-complimentary and alternative medicine) is still most sought after in India and has promising potential in management of Vishada [major depressive disorder (MDD)]. But, systematic research is lacking. In this study we evaluated of influence of ayurvedic treatment (Panchakarma and Ayushman-15) on psychopathology, heart rate variability (HRV) and endocrinal parameters in patients with major depression. METHODS 81 drug naive patients diagnosed as Vishada by ayurvedic physician and MDD according to DSM IV-TR were given ayurvedic Virechana module (therapeutic purgation) and were randomized into two groups. Patients in group A (n=41) received Ayushman-15A while group B (n=40) received Ayushman-15B for two months and Shirodhara (forehead-oil pouring therapy). Patients were assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were estimated at baseline and after ayurvedic therapy. HRV and endocrinal parameters were compared with age and gender matched healthy volunteers. RESULTS HRV parameters showed significant sympathetic dominance in patients compared to healthy volunteers. Two months of ayurvedic treatment significantly decreased psychopathology, showed increase in vagal tone, decrease in sympathetic tone and reduced cortisol levels. However, there was no significant difference between groups receiving Ayushman A and B. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for antidepressant, cardiac (HRV) and beneficial neuroendocrine modulatory influence of Ayurveda therapy in patients of Vishada (MDD). Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Greater insight into the neurobiology behind this therapy might provide valuable information about newer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Trichur R Raju
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Minoura Y, Panama BK, Nesterenko VV, Betzenhauser M, Barajas-Martínez H, Hu D, Di Diego JM, Antzelevitch C. Effect of Wenxin Keli and quinidine to suppress arrhythmogenesis in an experimental model of Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2013; 10:1054-62. [PMID: 23499631 PMCID: PMC3702731 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wenxin Keli (WK), a Chinese herb extract, is reported to be effective in the treatment of atrial and ventricular cardiac arrhythmias. Recent studies suggest that WK inhibits the transient potassium outward current (I(to)). OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of WK, alone and in combination with quinidine, to suppress arrhythmogenesis in an experimental model of Brugada syndrome (BrS). METHODS Action potential and electrocardiographic recordings were obtained from epicardial and endocardial sites of coronary-perfused canine right ventricular wedge preparations. The Ito agonist NS5806 (10-15 μM) was used to pharmacologically mimic a genetic predisposition to BrS. RESULTS The Ito agonist induced Phase 2 reentry (P2R) in 13/19 preparations and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (pVT) in 11/19 wedge preparations. WK (10 g/L) suppressed P2R and pVT in 100% (3/3) of preparations. A lower concentration of WK (5 g/L) suppressed P2R in 60% (3/5) and pVT in 50% (2/4), but in combination with a low concentration of quinidine (5 μM), was 100% effective in suppressing P2R and pVT. Quinidine alone suppressed P2R and pVT in 60% (3/5) and 50% (2/4), respectively, and in combination with WK (5 g/L) suppressed P2R and pVT by 80% (4/5) and 75% (3/4), respectively. WK reduced Ito, the L-type calcium current, and contractility in single cardiomyocytes, but dose-dependently increased contractility in intact wedge preparations, an effect mimicked by tyramine. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide support for the hypothesis that WK, particularly in combination with quinidine, effectively suppresses arrhythmogenesis in an experimental model of BrS via inhibition of Ito and indirect adrenergic sympathomimetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Minoura
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York 13501, USA
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Naveenkumar C, Raghunandhakumar S, Asokkumar S, Devaki T. Baicalein abrogates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction during experimental pulmonary carcinogenesis in vivo. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 112:270-81. [PMID: 23061789 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our current study aimed to evaluate the chemotherapeutic efficacy of baicalein (BE) in Swiss albino mice, which is exposed to benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] for its ability to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and systolic failure. Here, we report that oral administration of B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight)-induced pulmonary genotoxicities in mice was assessed in terms of elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage in lung mitochondria. MDA-DNA adducts were formed in immunohistochemical analysis, which confirmed nuclear DNA damage. mRNA expression levels studied by RT-PCR analysis of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) were found to be significantly decreased and showed a marked increase in membrane permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. Accompanied by up-regulated Bcl-xL and down-regulated Bid, Bim and Cyt-c proteins studied by immunoblot were observed in B(a)P-induced lung cancer-bearing animals. Administration of BE (12 mg/kg body weight) significantly reversed all the above deleterious changes. Moreover, assessment of mitochondrial enzyme system revealed that BE treatment effectively counteracts B(a)P-induced down-regulated levels/activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome-C-oxidase and ATP levels. Restoration of mitochondria from oxidative damage was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopic examination. Further analysis of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, vitamin E and vitamin C in lung mitochondria was carried out to substantiate the antioxidant effect of BE. The overall data conclude that chemotherapeutic efficacy of BE might have strong mitochondria protective and restoration capacity in sub-cellular level against lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice.
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Jang JY, Kim HN, Kim YR, Choi WY, Choi YH, Shin HK, Choi BT. Partially purified components of Nardostachys chinensis suppress melanin synthesis through ERK and Akt signaling pathway with cAMP down-regulation in B16F10 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1207-1214. [PMID: 21816215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ethnopharmacological relevance Nardostachys chinensis has been used in folk medicine to treat melasma and lentigines in Korea. We investigated the inhibitory activities of Nardostachys chinensis in melanogenesis and its related signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided fractionation of Nardostachys chinensis using solvent partitioning and purification with octadecylsilane open-column chromatography resulted in partial purification. The active 20% methanol chromatographic fraction from the ethyl acetate layer (PPNC) was used to investigate melanogenesis by melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity assay, cAMP assay, Western blot and flow cytometric analyses in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. RESULTS PPNC markedly inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found that PPNC decreases microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) protein expressions and MITF and tyrosinase mRNA levels. Moreover, PPNC reduces intracellular cAMP levels and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt expression in B16F10 cells. The specific MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 and PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, block the PPNC-induced hypopigmentation effect, and abrogate the PPNC-suppressed expression of melanogenic proteins such as MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and Dct. Using flow cytometry, we elucidated whether PPNC directly induces ERK phosphorylation at the level of an intact single cell. PPNC shows marked expression of phosphorylated ERK in live B16F10 cells and abrogates PPNC-induced phosphorylated ERK by PD98059 treatment. CONCLUSIONS PPNC stimulates MEK/ERK phosphorylation and PI3K/Akt signaling with suppressing cAMP levels and subsequently stimulating MITF and TRPs down-regulation, resulting in melanin synthesis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Jang
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Srivastava A, Tiwari SS, Srivastava S, Rawat AKS. HPTLC METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF VALERENIC ACID IN AYURVEDIC DRUG JATAMANSI AND ITS SUBSTITUTES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.519250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Srivastava
- a Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Shashi Shankar Tiwari
- a Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Sharad Srivastava
- a Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - A. K. S. Rawat
- a Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow, India
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Nazmi AS, Ahmad SJ, Rashikh A, Akhtar M, Pillai KK, Najmi AK. Protective effects of ‘Khamira Abresham Hakim Arshad Wala’, a unani formulation against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 21:41-7. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.529188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Rasheed AS, Venkataraman S, Jayaveera KN, Fazil AM, Yasodha KJ, Aleem MA, Mohammed M, Khaja Z, Ushasri B, Pradeep HA, Ibrahim M. Evaluation of toxicological and antioxidant potential of Nardostachys jatamansi in reversing haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. Int J Gen Med 2010; 3:127-36. [PMID: 20531975 PMCID: PMC2880350 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s9156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An aqueous root extract from Nardostachys jatamansi was investigated for its antioxidant and anticataleptic effects in the haloperidol-induced catalepsy rat model of the disease by measuring various behavioral and biochemical parameters. Catalepsy was induced by administration of haloperidol (1 mg/kg, ip) in male albino rats. A significant (P < 0.01) reduction in the cataleptic scores were observed in all the drug-treated groups as compared to the haloperidol-treated group; with maximum reduction observed in the Nardostachys jatamansi (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) administered group. To estimate biochemical parameters: the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); reduced glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione-dependent enzymes; catalase; and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in the brain were assessed. Haloperidol administration increased generation of TBARS and significantly reduced GSH, which were restored to near normal level with the Nardostachys jatamansi treatment. Catalase and SOD levels were also increased to normal levels, having been reduced significantly by haloperidol administration. Our findings of behavioral studies and biochemical estimations show that Nardostachys jatamansi reversed the haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. We conclude that the antioxidant potential has contributed to the reduction in the oxidative stress and catalepsy induced by haloperidol administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology, and Toxicology, C L Baid Metha, College of Pharmacy, Jyothi Nagar, Thoraipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Subashini R, Gnanapragasam A, Senthilkumar S, Yogeeta SK, Devaki T. Protective Efficacy of Nardostachys jatamansi (Rhizomes) on Mitochondrial Respiration and Lysosomal Hydrolases during Doxorubicin Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.53.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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