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Samanci B, Tan S, Michielse S, Kuijf ML, Temel Y. Habenula volume change in Parkinson's disease: A 7T MRI study. Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:111002. [PMID: 38871257 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and early non-motor symptoms. The habenula is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. This study investigates habenular volume in PD patients without clinical depression to show the changes in PD unrelated to depression. METHODS The study used high-resolution 7 Tesla MRI data from the TRACK-PD study involving 104 PD patients and 44 healthy controls (HCs). The habenula was manually segmented, and volumes were measured, considering demographic data and depression scores via the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS No significant correlation was found between habenular volume and BDI scores in PD patients or HCs. However, the PD group exhibited a significantly larger mean and right habenular volume than HCs. Although PD patients showed higher BDI scores, indicating more subthreshold depression, these did not correlate with the habenular volume. CONCLUSION The results suggest that while the habenula may be involved in the symptoms of PD, its role in depression within this cohort is unclear. The changes might be related to the role of the habenula in motor symptoms. This study provides a new perspective on the role of the habenula in PD, but future research could lead to a greater understanding of the neuroanatomical features of the habenula in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedia Samanci
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sonny Tan
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Stijn Michielse
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark L Kuijf
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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2
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Liu H, Qu N, Gonzalez NV, Palma MA, Chen H, Xiong J, Choubey A, Li Y, Li X, Yu M, Liu H, Tu L, Zhang N, Yin N, Conde KM, Wang M, Bean JC, Han J, Scarcelli NA, Yang Y, Saito K, Cui H, Tong Q, Sun Z, Wang C, Cai X, Lu L, He Y, Xu Y. A Light-Responsive Neural Circuit Suppresses Feeding. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2192232024. [PMID: 38897723 PMCID: PMC11270527 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2192-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Light plays an essential role in a variety of physiological processes, including vision, mood, and glucose homeostasis. However, the intricate relationship between light and an animal's feeding behavior has remained elusive. Here, we found that light exposure suppresses food intake, whereas darkness amplifies it in male mice. Interestingly, this phenomenon extends its reach to diurnal male Nile grass rats and healthy humans. We further show that lateral habenula (LHb) neurons in mice respond to light exposure, which in turn activates 5-HT neurons in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN). Activation of the LHb→5-HTDRN circuit in mice blunts darkness-induced hyperphagia, while inhibition of the circuit prevents light-induced anorexia. Together, we discovered a light-responsive neural circuit that relays the environmental light signals to regulate feeding behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 .
| | - Na Qu
- Research Center for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, China .
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430012, China
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430012, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430012, China
| | | | - Marco A Palma
- Human Behavior Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Huamin Chen
- Research Center for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430012, China
| | - Jiani Xiong
- Research Center for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, China
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430012, China
| | - Abhinav Choubey
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Hesong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Longlong Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Na Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kristine Marie Conde
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jonathan Carter Bean
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Junying Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nikolas Anthony Scarcelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- F.O.E. Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xing Cai
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li Lu
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 .
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Samanci B, Tan S, Michielse S, Kuijf ML, Temel Y. The habenula in Parkinson's disease: Anatomy, function, and implications for mood disorders - A narrative review. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102392. [PMID: 38237746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, often coexists with mood disorders. Degeneration of serotonergic neurons in brainstem raphe nuclei have been linked to depression and anxiety. Additionally, the locus coeruleus and its noradrenergic neurons are among the first areas to degenerate in PD and contribute to stress, emotional memory, motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Another brain region of interest is habenula, which is especially related to anti-reward processing, and its function has recently been linked to PD and to mood-related symptoms. There are several neuroimaging studies that investigated role of the habenula in mood disorders. Differences in habenular size and hemispheric symmetry were found in healthy controls compared to individuals with mood disorders. The lateral habenula, as a link between the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, is thought to contribute to depressive symptoms in PD. However, there is only one imaging study about role of habenula in mood disorders in PD, although the relationship between PD and mood disorders is known. There is little known about habenula pathology in PD but given these observations, the question arises whether habenular dysfunction could play a role in PD and the development of PD-related mood disorders. In this review, we evaluate neuroimaging techniques and studies that investigated the habenula in the context of PD and mood disorders. Future studies are important to understand habenula's role in PD patients with mood disorders. Thus, new potential diagnostic and treatment opportunities would be found for mood disorders in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedia Samanci
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sonny Tan
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Stijn Michielse
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark L Kuijf
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Chen S, Sun X, Zhang Y, Mu Y, Su D. Habenula bibliometrics: Thematic development and research fronts of a resurgent field. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:949162. [PMID: 35990593 PMCID: PMC9382245 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.949162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is a small structure of the posterior diencephalon that is highly conserved across vertebrates but nonetheless has attracted relatively little research attention until the past two decades. The resurgent interest is motivated by neurobehavioral studies demonstrating critical functions in a broad spectrum of motivational and cognitive processes, including functions relevant to psychiatric diseases. The Hb is widely conceived as an "anti-reward" center that acts by regulating brain monoaminergic systems. However, there is still no general conceptual framework for habenula research, and no study has focused on uncovering potentially significant but overlooked topics that may advance our understanding of physiological functions or suggest potential clinical applications of Hb-targeted interventions. Using science mapping tools, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the relevant publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2002 to 2021. Herein we present an overview of habenula-related publications, reveal primary research trends, and prioritize some key research fronts by complementary bibliometric analysis. High-priority research fronts include Ventral Pallidum, Nucleus Accumbens, Nicotine and MHb, GLT-1, Zebrafish, and GCaMP, Ketamine, Deep Brain Stimulation, and GPR139. The high intrinsic heterogeneity of the Hb, extensive connectivity with both hindbrain and forebrain structures, and emerging associations with all three dimensions of mental disorders (internalizing, externalizing, and psychosis) suggest that the Hb may be the neuronal substrate for a common psychopathology factor shared by all mental illnesses termed the p factor. A future challenge is to explore the therapeutic potential of habenular modulation at circuit, cellular, and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Diansan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Watanabe K, Jansen PR, Savage JE, Nandakumar P, Wang X, Hinds DA, Gelernter J, Levey DF, Polimanti R, Stein MB, Van Someren EJW, Smit AB, Posthuma D. Genome-wide meta-analysis of insomnia prioritizes genes associated with metabolic and psychiatric pathways. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1125-1132. [PMID: 35835914 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insomnia is a heritable, highly prevalent sleep disorder for which no sufficient treatment currently exists. Previous genome-wide association studies with up to 1.3 million subjects identified over 200 associated loci. This extreme polygenicity suggested that many more loci remain to be discovered. The current study almost doubled the sample size to 593,724 cases and 1,771,286 controls, thereby increasing statistical power, and identified 554 risk loci (including 364 novel loci). To capitalize on this large number of loci, we propose a novel strategy to prioritize genes using external biological resources and functional interactions between genes across risk loci. Of all 3,898 genes naively implicated from the risk loci, we prioritize 289 and find brain-tissue expression specificity and enrichment in specific gene sets of synaptic signaling functions and neuronal differentiation. We show that this novel gene prioritization strategy yields specific hypotheses on underlying mechanisms of insomnia that would have been missed by traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip R Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Xin Wang
- 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | | | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel F Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Psychiatry InGeest, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Company V, Moreno-Cerdá A, Andreu-Cervera A, Murcia-Ramón R, Almagro-García F, Echevarría D, Martínez S, Puelles E. Wnt1 Role in the Development of the Habenula and the Fasciculus Retroflexus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:755729. [PMID: 34722541 PMCID: PMC8551717 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.755729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt1 is one of the morphogenes that controls the specification and differentiation of neuronal populations in the developing central nervous system. The habenula is a diencephalic neuronal complex located in the most dorsal aspect of the thalamic prosomere. This diencephalic neuronal population is involved in the limbic system and its malfunction is related with several psychiatric disorders. Our aim is to elucidate the Wnt1 role in the habenula and its main efferent tract, the fasciculus retroflexus, development. In order to achieve these objectives, we analyzed these structures development in a Wnt1 lack of function mouse model. The habenula was generated in our model, but it presented an enlarged volume. This alteration was due to an increment in habenular neuroblasts proliferation rate. The fasciculus retroflexus also presented a wider and disorganized distribution and a disturbed final trajectory toward its target. The mid-hindbrain territories that the tract must cross were miss-differentiated in our model. The specification of the habenula is Wnt1 independent. Nevertheless, it controls its precursors proliferation rate. Wnt1 expressed in the isthmic organizer is vital to induce the midbrain and rostral hindbrain territories. The alteration of these areas is responsible for the fasciculus retroflexus axons misroute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Company
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno-Cerdá
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Abraham Andreu-Cervera
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Raquel Murcia-Ramón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Francisca Almagro-García
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Diego Echevarría
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Eduardo Puelles
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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Onofrj M, Russo M, Carrarini C, Delli Pizzi S, Thomas A, Bonanni L, Espay AJ, Sensi SL. Functional neurological disorder and somatic symptom disorder in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2021; 433:120017. [PMID: 34629180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) and Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) in PD was not commonly accepted until recently, despite some evidence that emerged in the pre and early L-Dopa era. More recently, the recognition of FND and SSD were noted to be relevant for the management of PD. FND and SSD appear early in the course of PD, often preceding motor symptoms, may interfere with treatment outcomes, often acquire psychotic features during progression, and are mixed with and often concealed by the progressive cognitive decline. We review the related features from the range of the available reports and discuss theoretical models conceived to explain the potential pathophysiological background of these disorders. Finally, we suggest that FND and SSD should be included among the non-motor symptoms of PD and be considered a prodromal feature in a subset of patients. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirella Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Carrarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Molecular Neurology and Behavioral Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Astrid Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Molecular Neurology and Behavioral Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Molecular Neurology and Behavioral Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Mind Impairments and Neurological Disorders-iMIND, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
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Bocchetta M, Malpetti M, Todd EG, Rowe JB, Rohrer JD. Looking beneath the surface: the importance of subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab158. [PMID: 34458729 PMCID: PMC8390477 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst initial anatomical studies of frontotemporal dementia focussed on cortical involvement, the relevance of subcortical structures to the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia has been increasingly recognized over recent years. Key structures affected include the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus within the basal ganglia, the hippocampus and amygdala within the medial temporal lobe, the basal forebrain, and the diencephalon structures of the thalamus, hypothalamus and habenula. At the most posterior aspect of the brain, focal involvement of brainstem and cerebellum has recently also been shown in certain subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Many of the neuroimaging studies on subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia have been performed in clinically defined sporadic cases. However, investigations of genetically- and pathologically-confirmed forms of frontotemporal dementia are increasingly common and provide molecular specificity to the changes observed. Furthermore, detailed analyses of sub-nuclei and subregions within each subcortical structure are being added to the literature, allowing refinement of the patterns of subcortical involvement. This review focuses on the existing literature on structural imaging and neuropathological studies of subcortical anatomy across the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia, along with investigations of brain–behaviour correlates that examine the cognitive sequelae of specific subcortical involvement: it aims to ‘look beneath the surface’ and summarize the patterns of subcortical involvement have been described in frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily G Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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Ely BA, Nguyen TNB, Tobe RH, Walker AM, Gabbay V. Multimodal Investigations of Reward Circuitry and Anhedonia in Adolescent Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:678709. [PMID: 34366915 PMCID: PMC8345280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.678709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent condition with devastating personal and public health consequences that often first manifests during adolescence. Though extensively studied, the pathogenesis of depression remains poorly understood, and efforts to stratify risks and identify optimal interventions have proceeded slowly. A major impediment has been the reliance on an all-or-nothing categorical diagnostic scheme based solely on whether a patient endorses an arbitrary number of common symptoms for a sufficiently long period. This approach masks the well-documented heterogeneity of depression, a disorder that is highly variable in presentation, severity, and course between individuals and is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric conditions. In this targeted review, we outline the limitations of traditional diagnosis-based research and instead advocate an alternative approach centered around symptoms as unique dimensions of clinical dysfunction that span across disorders and more closely reflect underlying neurobiological abnormalities. In particular, we highlight anhedonia-the reduced ability to anticipate and experience pleasure-as a specific, quantifiable index of reward dysfunction and an ideal candidate for dimensional investigation. Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression but also a salient feature of numerous other conditions, and its severity varies widely within clinical and even healthy populations. Similarly, reward dysfunction is a hallmark of depression but is evident across many psychiatric conditions. Reward function is especially relevant in adolescence, a period characterized by exaggerated reward-seeking behaviors and rapid maturation of neural reward circuitry. We detail extensive work by our research group and others to investigate the neural and systemic factors contributing to reward dysfunction in youth, including our cumulative findings using multiple neuroimaging and immunological measures to study depressed adolescents but also trans-diagnostic cohorts with diverse psychiatric symptoms. We describe convergent evidence that reward dysfunction: (a) predicts worse clinical outcomes, (b) is associated with functional and chemical abnormalities within and beyond the neural reward circuitry, (c) is linked to elevated peripheral levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and (d) manifests early in the course of illness. Emphasis is placed on high-resolution neuroimaging techniques, comprehensive immunological assays, and data-driven analyses to fully capture and characterize the complex, interconnected nature of these systems and their contributions to adolescent reward dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tram N. B. Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Russell H. Tobe
- Department of Clinical Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Audrey M. Walker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Clinical Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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10
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Lim SH, Yoon J, Kim YJ, Kang CK, Cho SE, Kim KG, Kang SG. Reproducibility of automated habenula segmentation via deep learning in major depressive disorder and normal controls with 7 Tesla MRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13445. [PMID: 34188141 PMCID: PMC8241874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The habenula is one of the most important brain regions for investigating the etiology of psychiatric diseases such as major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the habenula is challenging to delineate with the naked human eye in brain imaging due to its low contrast and tiny size, and the manual segmentation results vary greatly depending on the observer. Therefore, there is a great need for automatic quantitative analytic methods of the habenula for psychiatric research purposes. Here we propose an automated segmentation and volume estimation method for the habenula in 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging based on a deep learning-based semantic segmentation network. The proposed method, using the data of 69 participants (33 patients with MDD and 36 normal controls), achieved an average precision, recall, and dice similarity coefficient of 0.869, 0.865, and 0.852, respectively, in the automated segmentation task. Moreover, the intra-class correlation coefficient reached 0.870 in the volume estimation task. This study demonstrates that this deep learning-based method can provide accurate and quantitative analytic results of the habenula. By providing rapid and quantitative information on the habenula, we expect our proposed method will aid future psychiatric disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Heon Lim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Kang
- Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Eun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Gi Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Company V, Andreu-Cervera A, Madrigal MP, Andrés B, Almagro-García F, Chédotal A, López-Bendito G, Martinez S, Echevarría D, Moreno-Bravo JA, Puelles E. Netrin 1-Mediated Role of the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta and Ventral Tegmental Area in the Guidance of the Medial Habenular Axons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682067. [PMID: 34169076 PMCID: PMC8217627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fasciculus retroflexus is an important fascicle that mediates reward-related behaviors and is associated with different psychiatric diseases. It is the main habenular efference and constitutes a link between forebrain regions, the midbrain, and the rostral hindbrain. The proper functional organization of habenular circuitry requires complex molecular programs to control the wiring of the habenula during development. However, the mechanisms guiding the habenular axons toward their targets remain mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrate the role of the mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons (substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area) as an intermediate target for the correct medial habenular axons navigation along the anteroposterior axis. These neuronal populations are distributed along the anteroposterior trajectory of these axons in the mesodiencephalic basal plate. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, we determined that this navigation is the result of netrin 1 attraction generated by the mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons. This attraction is mediated by the receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), which is strongly expressed in the medial habenular axons. The increment in our knowledge on the fasciculus retroflexus trajectory guidance mechanisms opens the possibility of analyzing if its alteration in mental health patients could account for some of their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Company
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Abraham Andreu-Cervera
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - M Pilar Madrigal
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Belén Andrés
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diego Echevarría
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan A Moreno-Bravo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo Puelles
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
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12
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Cho SE, Kim N, Na KS, Kang CK, Kang SG. Thalamo-Habenular Connection Differences Between Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Normal Controls. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:699416. [PMID: 34539461 PMCID: PMC8440934 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The thalamus and habenula are thought to be key brain regions in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, few studies have investigated the structural connection between them. We compared the number of white matter tracts between the thalamus and habenula between patient with MDD and normal controls (NCs). Methods: The habenula and thalamus region of interest masks were extracted from brain magnetic resonance imaging data and individual tractography analysis was performed. First, we compared the number of fiber connections from the habenula to the thalamus between the MDD (n = 34) and NC (n = 37) groups and also compared hemispherical differences to investigate possible asymmetries. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of tracts in the right habenula-left mediodorsal thalamus pair between the two groups. For hemispherical fiber connections, the waytotal ratio of the right ipsilateral tract between the thalamus and habenula was significantly higher than that of the left ipsilateral tract in both groups. Conclusion: The number of right habenula-left mediodorsal thalamus tracts was higher in patients with MDD than in NCs. These results indicate that MDD is related to the disintegration of the left thalamus-right habenula tract function with an increased number of tracts as a compensational mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Eun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Nambeom Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Kang
- Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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13
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Roman E, Weininger J, Lim B, Roman M, Barry D, Tierney P, O'Hanlon E, Levins K, O'Keane V, Roddy D. Untangling the dorsal diencephalic conduction system: a review of structure and function of the stria medullaris, habenula and fasciculus retroflexus. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1437-1458. [PMID: 32367265 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The often-overlooked dorsal diencephalic conduction system (DDCS) is a highly conserved pathway linking the basal forebrain and the monoaminergic brainstem. It consists of three key structures; the stria medullaris, the habenula and the fasciculus retroflexus. The first component of the DDCS, the stria medullaris, is a discrete bilateral tract composed of fibers from the basal forebrain that terminate in the triangular eminence of the stalk of the pineal gland, known as the habenula. The habenula acts as a relay hub where incoming signals from the stria medullaris are processed and subsequently relayed to the midbrain and hindbrain monoaminergic nuclei through the fasciculus retroflexus. As a result of its wide-ranging connections, the DDCS has recently been implicated in a wide range of behaviors related to reward processing, aversion and motivation. As such, an understanding of the structure and connections of the DDCS may help illuminate the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, addiction and pain. This is the first review of all three components of the DDCS, the stria medullaris, the habenula and the fasciculus retroflexus, with particular focus on their anatomy, function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Roman
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Joshua Weininger
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Basil Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Game Design, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marin Roman
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Denis Barry
- Anatomy Department, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paul Tierney
- Anatomy Department, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kirk Levins
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Darren Roddy
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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14
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Sufianov AA, Cossu G, Iakimov IA, Sufianov RA, Markin ES, Stefanov SZ, Zemmoura I, Messerer M, Daniel RT. Endoscopic Interhemispheric Disconnection for Intractable Multifocal Epilepsy: Surgical Technique and Functional Neuroanatomy. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020; 18:145-157. [PMID: 31140570 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callosotomy represents a palliative procedure for intractable multifocal epilepsy. The extent of callosotomy and the benefits of adding anterior and posterior commissurotomy are debated. OBJECTIVE To describe a new technique of a purely endoscopic procedure to disconnect the corpus callosum, the anterior, posterior, and habenular commissures through the use of a single burr hole via a transfrontal transventricular route. METHODS Our surgical series was retrospectively reviewed in terms of seizure control (Engel's class) and complication rate. Five cadaveric specimens were used to demonstrate the surgical anatomy of commissural fibers and third ventricle. RESULTS The procedure may be divided into 3 steps: (1) endoscopic transventricular transforaminal anterior commissure disconnection; (2) disconnection of posterior and habenular commissures; and (3) total callosotomy. Fifty-seven patients were included in the analysis. A favorable outcome in terms of epilepsy control (Engel class 1 to 3) was found in 71.4% of patients undergoing callosotomy coupled with anterior, posterior, and habenular commissure disconnection against 53% of patients with isolated callosotomy (P = .26). Patients with drop attacks had better epilepsy outcome independently from the surgical procedure used. CONCLUSION The full endoscopic callosotomy coupled with disconnection of anterior, posterior and habenular commissures is a safe alternative to treat multifocal refractory epilepsy. A gain in seizure outcome might be present in this cohort of patients treated with total interhemispheric disconnection when compared with isolated callosotomy. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A Sufianov
- Federal Centre of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iurii A Iakimov
- Federal Centre of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rinat A Sufianov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor S Markin
- Federal Centre of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Stefan Z Stefanov
- Federal Centre of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | - Mahmoud Messerer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roy T Daniel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Metzger M, Souza R, Lima LB, Bueno D, Gonçalves L, Sego C, Donato J, Shammah-Lagnado SJ. Habenular connections with the dopaminergic and serotonergic system and their role in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 53:65-88. [PMID: 31833616 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is a phylogenetically old epithalamic structure differentiated into two nuclear complexes, the medial (MHb) and lateral habenula (LHb). After decades of search for a great unifying function, interest in the Hb resurged when it was demonstrated that LHb plays a major role in the encoding of aversive stimuli ranging from noxious stimuli to the loss of predicted rewards. Consistent with a role as an anti-reward center, aberrant LHb activity has now been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Moreover, both MHb and LHb emerged as new players in the reward circuitry by primarily mediating the aversive properties of distinct drugs of abuse. Anatomically, the Hb serves as a bridge that links basal forebrain structures with monoaminergic nuclei in the mid- and hindbrain. So far, research on Hb has focused on the role of the LHb in regulating midbrain dopamine release. However, LHb/MHb are also interconnected with the dorsal (DR) and median (MnR) raphe nucleus. Hence, it is conceivable that some of the habenular functions are at least partly mediated by the complex network that links MHb/LHb with pontomesencephalic monoaminergic nuclei. Here, we summarize research about the topography and transmitter phenotype of the reciprocal connections between the LHb and ventral tegmental area-nigra complex, as well as those between the LHb and DR/MnR. Indirect MHb outputs via interpeduncular nucleus to state-setting neuromodulatory networks will also be commented. Finally, we discuss the role of specific LHb-VTA and LHb/MHb-raphe circuits in anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Metzger
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rudieri Souza
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro B Lima
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Bueno
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Gonçalves
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Chemutai Sego
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara J Shammah-Lagnado
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Geugies H, Mocking RJT, Figueroa CA, Groot PFC, Marsman JBC, Servaas MN, Steele JD, Schene AH, Ruhé HG. Impaired reward-related learning signals in remitted unmedicated patients with recurrent depression. Brain 2019; 142:2510-2522. [PMID: 31280309 PMCID: PMC6734943 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the core symptoms of major depressive disorder is anhedonia, an inability to experience pleasure. In patients with major depressive disorder, a dysfunctional reward-system may exist, with blunted temporal difference reward-related learning signals in the ventral striatum and increased temporal difference-related (dopaminergic) activation in the ventral tegmental area. Anhedonia often remains as residual symptom during remission; however, it remains largely unknown whether the abovementioned reward systems are still dysfunctional when patients are in remission. We used a Pavlovian classical conditioning functional MRI task to explore the relationship between anhedonia and the temporal difference-related response of the ventral tegmental area and ventral striatum in medication-free remitted recurrent depression patients (n = 36) versus healthy control subjects (n = 27). Computational modelling was used to obtain the expected temporal difference errors during this task. Patients, compared to healthy controls, showed significantly increased temporal difference reward learning activation in the ventral tegmental area (PFWE,SVC = 0.028). No differences were observed between groups for ventral striatum activity. A group × anhedonia interaction [t(57) = -2.29, P = 0.026] indicated that in patients, higher anhedonia was associated with lower temporal difference activation in the ventral tegmental area, while in healthy controls higher anhedonia was associated with higher ventral tegmental area activation. These findings suggest impaired reward-related learning signals in the ventral tegmental area during remission in patients with depression. This merits further investigation to identify impaired reward-related learning as an endophenotype for recurrent depression. Moreover, the inverse association between reinforcement learning and anhedonia in patients implies an additional disturbing influence of anhedonia on reward-related learning or vice versa, suggesting that the level of anhedonia should be considered in behavioural treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Geugies
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel J T Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline A Figueroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Warneford Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Paul F C Groot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle N Servaas
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Douglas Steele
- Medical School (Neuroscience), University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Aart H Schene
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Warneford Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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17
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Bueno D, Lima LB, Souza R, Gonçalves L, Leite F, Souza S, Furigo IC, Donato J, Metzger M. Connections of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus with the habenular‐interpeduncular‐raphe system. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:3046-3072. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bueno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leandro B. Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rudieri Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luciano Gonçalves
- Department of Human AnatomyFederal University of the Triângulo Mineiro Uberaba Brazil
| | - Fernanda Leite
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Stefani Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Isadora C. Furigo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Martin Metzger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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18
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Ma Z, Zhong Y, Hines CS, Wu Y, Li Y, Pang M, Li J, Wang C, Fox PT, Zhang N, Wang C. Identifying generalized anxiety disorder using resting state habenular circuitry. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:1406-1418. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Zhu Y, Qi S, Zhang B, He D, Teng Y, Hu J, Wei X. Connectome-Based Biomarkers Predict Subclinical Depression and Identify Abnormal Brain Connections With the Lateral Habenula and Thalamus. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:371. [PMID: 31244688 PMCID: PMC6581735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical depression (SD) has been considered as the precursor to major depressive disorder. Accurate prediction of SD and identification of its etiological origin are urgent. Bursts within the lateral habenula (LHb) drive depression in rats, but whether dysfunctional LHb is associated with SD in human is unknown. Here we develop connectome-based biomarkers which predict SD and identify dysfunctional brain regions and connections. T1 weighted images and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data were collected from 34 subjects with SD and 40 healthy controls (HCs). After the brain is parcellated into 48 brain regions (246 subregions) using the human Brainnetome Atlas, the functional network of each participant is constructed by calculating the correlation coefficient for the time series of fMRI signals of each pair of subregions. Initial candidates of abnormal connections are identified by the two-sample t-test and input into Support Vector Machine models as features. A total of 24 anatomical-region-based models, 231 sliding-window-based models, and 100 random-selection-based models are built. The performance of these models is estimated through leave-one-out cross-validation and evaluated by measures of accuracy, sensitivity, confusion matrix, receiver operating characteristic curve, and the area under the curve (AUC). After confirming the region with the highest accuracy, subregions within the thalamus and connections associated with subregions of LHb are compared. It is found that five prediction models using connections of the thalamus, posterior superior temporal sulcus, cingulate gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and superior frontal gyrus achieve an accuracy >0.9 and an AUC >0.93. Among 90 abnormal connections associated with the thalamus, the subregion of the right posterior parietal thalamus where LHb is located has the most connections (n = 18), the left subregion only has 3 connections. In SD group, 10 subregions in the thalamus have significantly different node degrees with those in the HC group, while 8 subregions have lower degrees ( p < 0.01), including the one with LHb. These results implicate abnormal brain connections associated with the thalamus and LHb to be associated with SD. Integration of these connections by machine learning can provide connectome-based biomarkers to accurately diagnose SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Zhu
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shouliang Qi
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing of Northeastern University (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dianning He
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueyang Teng
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing of Northeastern University (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Ambrosi E, Arciniegas DB, Curtis KN, Patriquin M, Spalletta G, Sani G, Frueh BC, Fowler JC, Madan A, Salas R. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Habenula in Mood Disorder Patients With and Without Suicide-Related Behaviors. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 31:49-56. [PMID: 30282513 PMCID: PMC6697145 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The habenula is a small midbrain structure that is important for brain signaling and learning from negative events. Thus, the habenula is strongly connected to both the reward system and motor regions. Increasing evidence suggests a role for the habenula in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. However, no studies to date have investigated habenular resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in suicide-related behaviors (SB). The authors enrolled 123 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder and a history of suicide-related behaviors (SB+), 74 individuals with MDD or bipolar disorder and a history of suicidal ideation but no history of SB (SB-), and 75 healthy control subjects (HC). A seed-based approach was used to identify regions showing different rsFC with the habenula followed by region of interest to region of interest post hoc comparisons. Compared with both the SB- and HC groups, the SB+ group showed higher connectivity between the left habenula and the left parahippocampal gyrus, the right amygdala, and the right precentral and postcentral gyri. Patients with mood disorders displayed higher rsFC between the left habenula and left middle temporal gyrus, the left angular gyrus, and the left posterior cingulate cortex, as well as lower rsFC between the right habenula and the left thalamus, when compared with HCs. These findings suggest that the habenula is involved in the neural circuitry of suicide. The higher habenular rsFC found in the SB+ group may mediate a dysfunction in the mechanism that links the habenula with motor activity and contextual associative processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ambrosi
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - David B Arciniegas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kaylah N Curtis
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Michelle Patriquin
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy,Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - J Christopher Fowler
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alok Madan
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
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21
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Skandalakis GP, Koutsarnakis C, Kalyvas AV, Skandalakis P, Johnson EO, Stranjalis G. The habenula in neurosurgery for depression: A convergence of functional neuroanatomy, psychiatry and imaging. Brain Res 2018; 1694:13-18. [PMID: 29738717 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios P Skandalakis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Laboratory for Education and Research in Neurosciences (LERNs), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece.
| | - Christos Koutsarnakis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Aristotelis V Kalyvas
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Skandalakis
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Laboratory for Education and Research in Neurosciences (LERNs), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Elizabeth O Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Laboratory for Education and Research in Neurosciences (LERNs), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - George Stranjalis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
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22
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Distributions of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the brains of a diurnal and nocturnal rodent. Brain Res 2018; 1700:152-159. [PMID: 30153458 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Light influences the daily patterning of activity by both synchronizing internal clocks to environmental light-dark cycles and acutely modulating arousal states, a process known as masking. Masking responses are completely reversed in diurnal and nocturnal species. In nocturnal rodents, masking is mediated through a subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) whose projections are similar in diurnal and nocturnal rodents. This raises the possibility that differences in responsivity to signals that these cells release might underlie chronotype differences in masking. We explored one aspect of this hypothesis by examining the distribution of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations in many ipRGC target areas of a diurnal species (Nile grass rat) and a nocturnal one (Norway rat). We discovered that while many of these regions were very similar in these two species, there were striking differences in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN; higher density of glutamate cells in Norway rats) and in the lateral habenula (LHb; GABAeric cells present in grass rats, but not Norway rats). These patterns raise the possibility that the vLGN and LHb contribute to differences in masking and/or circadian regulation of diurnal and nocturnal species.
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23
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Kim JW, Naidich TP, Joseph J, Nair D, Glasser MF, O'halloran R, Doucet GE, Lee WH, Krinsky H, Paulino A, Glahn DC, Anticevic A, Frangou S, Xu J. Reproducibility of myelin content-based human habenula segmentation at 3 Tesla. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3058-3071. [PMID: 29582505 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo morphological study of the human habenula, a pair of small epithalamic nuclei adjacent to the dorsomedial thalamus, has recently gained significant interest for its role in reward and aversion processing. However, segmenting the habenula from in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging due to the habenula's small size and low anatomical contrast. Although manual and semi-automated habenula segmentation methods have been reported, the test-retest reproducibility of the segmented habenula volume and the consistency of the boundaries of habenula segmentation have not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the intra- and inter-site reproducibility of in vivo human habenula segmentation from 3T MRI (0.7-0.8 mm isotropic resolution) using our previously proposed semi-automated myelin contrast-based method and its fully-automated version, as well as a previously published manual geometry-based method. The habenula segmentation using our semi-automated method showed consistent boundary definition (high Dice coefficient, low mean distance, and moderate Hausdorff distance) and reproducible volume measurement (low coefficient of variation). Furthermore, the habenula boundary in our semi-automated segmentation from 3T MRI agreed well with that in the manual segmentation from 7T MRI (0.5 mm isotropic resolution) of the same subjects. Overall, our proposed semi-automated habenula segmentation showed reliable and reproducible habenula localization, while its fully-automated version offers an efficient way for large sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Won Kim
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Thomas P Naidich
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joshmi Joseph
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Divya Nair
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.,St. Luke's Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Rafael O'halloran
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Gaelle E Doucet
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hannah Krinsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alejandro Paulino
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Junqian Xu
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Abstract
Taking the evolutionary development of the forebrain as a starting point, the authors developed a biological framework for the subcortical regulation of human emotional behaviour which may offer an explanation for the pathogenesis of the principle symptoms of mental disorders. Appetitive-searching (reward-seeking) and distress-avoiding (misery-fleeing) behaviour are essential for all free-moving animals to stay alive and to have offspring. Even the oldest ocean-dwelling animal creatures, living about 560 million years ago and human ancestors, must therefore have been capable of generating these behaviours. Our earliest vertebrate ancestors, with a brain comparable with the modern lamprey, had a sophisticated extrapyramidal system generating and controlling all motions as well as a circuit including the habenula for the evaluation of the benefits of their actions. Almost the complete endbrain of the first land animals with a brain comparable with that of amphibians became assimilated into the human amygdaloid and hippocampal complex, whereas only a small part of the dorsal pallium and striatum developed into the ventral extrapyramidal circuits and the later insular cortex. The entire neocortex covering the hemispheres is of recent evolutionary origin, appearing first in early mammals. During the entire evolution of vertebrates, the habenular system was well conserved and maintained its function in regulating the intensity of reward-seeking (pleasure-related) and misery-fleeing (happiness-related) behaviour. The authors propose that the same is true in humans. Symptomatology of human mental disorders can be considered to result from maladaptation within a similar amygdalo/hippocampal-habenular-mesencephalic-ventral striatal system.
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25
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Loonen AJ, Ivanova SA. Commentary on “A non-reward attractor theory of depression”: A proposal to include the habenula connection. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:736-741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Liu WH, Valton V, Wang LZ, Zhu YH, Roiser JP. Association between habenula dysfunction and motivational symptoms in unmedicated major depressive disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:1520-1533. [PMID: 28575424 PMCID: PMC5629818 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral habenula plays a central role in reward and punishment processing and has been suggested to drive the cardinal symptom of anhedonia in depression. This hypothesis is largely based on observations of habenula hypermetabolism in animal models of depression, but the activity of habenula and its relationship with clinical symptoms in patients with depression remains unclear. High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and computational modelling were used to investigate the activity of the habenula during a probabilistic reinforcement learning task with rewarding and punishing outcomes in 21 unmedicated patients with major depression and 17 healthy participants. High-resolution anatomical scans were also acquired to assess group differences in habenula volume. Healthy individuals displayed the expected activation in the left habenula during receipt of punishment and this pattern was confirmed in the computational analysis of prediction error processing. In depressed patients, there was a trend towards attenuated left habenula activation to punishment, while greater left habenula activation was associated with more severe depressive symptoms and anhedonia. We also identified greater habenula volume in patients with depression, which was associated with anhedonic symptoms. Habenula dysfunction may contribute to abnormal response to punishment in patients with depression, and symptoms such as anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vincent Valton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ling-Zhi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan P. Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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27
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Roberson S, Halpern ME. Convergence of signaling pathways underlying habenular formation and axonal outgrowth in zebrafish. Development 2017; 144:2652-2662. [PMID: 28619821 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The habenular nuclei are a conserved integrating center in the vertebrate epithalamus, where they modulate diverse behaviors. Despite their importance, our understanding of habenular development is incomplete. Time-lapse imaging and fate mapping demonstrate that the dorsal habenulae (dHb) of zebrafish are derived from dbx1b-expressing (dbx1b+ ) progenitors, which transition into cxcr4b-expressing neuronal precursors. The precursors give rise to differentiated neurons, the axons of which innervate the midbrain interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). Formation of the dbx1b+ progenitor population relies on the activity of the Shh, Wnt and Fgf signaling pathways. Wnt and Fgf function additively to generate dHb progenitors. Surprisingly, Wnt signaling also negatively regulates fgf8a, confining expression to a discrete dorsal diencephalic domain. Moreover, the Wnt and Fgf pathways have opposing roles in transcriptional regulation of components of the Cxcr4-chemokine signaling pathway. The chemokine pathway, in turn, directs the posterior outgrowth of dHb efferents toward the IPN and, when disrupted, results in ectopic, anteriorly directed axonal projections. The results define a signaling network underlying the generation of dHb neurons and connectivity with their midbrain target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roberson
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Marnie E Halpern
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA .,Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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28
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Batalla A, Homberg JR, Lipina TV, Sescousse G, Luijten M, Ivanova SA, Schellekens AFA, Loonen AJM. The role of the habenula in the transition from reward to misery in substance use and mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:276-285. [PMID: 28576510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is an evolutionary well-conserved structure located in the epithalamus. The Hb receives inputs from the septum, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex, and projects to several midbrain centers, most importantly the inhibitory rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) and the excitatory interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), which regulate the activity of midbrain monoaminergic nuclei. The Hb is postulated to play a key role in reward and aversion processing across species, including humans, and to be implicated in the different stages of transition from recreational drug intake to addiction and co-morbid mood disorders. The Hb is divided into two anatomically and functionally distinct nuclei, the lateral (LHb) and the medial (MHb), which are primarily involved in reward-seeking (LHb) and misery-fleeing (MHb) behavior by controlling the RMTg and IPN, respectively. This review provides a neuroanatomical description of the Hb, discusses preclinical and human findings regarding its role in the development of addiction and co-morbid mood disorders, and addresses future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Batalla
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 10, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction, Toernooiveld 5, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tatiana V Lipina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakova 4, 630117, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya street 4, 634014, Tomsk, Russian Federation; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Arnt F A Schellekens
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 10, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction, Toernooiveld 5, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anton J M Loonen
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands; GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant, Hoofdlaan 8, 4661AA, Halsteren, The Netherlands.
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29
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Loonen AJM, Kupka RW, Ivanova SA. Circuits Regulating Pleasure and Happiness in Bipolar Disorder. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:35. [PMID: 28588455 PMCID: PMC5439000 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
According to our model, the motivation for appetitive-searching vs. distress-avoiding behaviors is regulated by two parallel cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) re-entry circuits that include the core and the shell parts of the nucleus accumbens, respectively. An entire series of basal ganglia, running from the caudate nucleus on one side to the centromedial amygdala on the other side, control the intensity of these reward-seeking and misery-fleeing behaviors by stimulating the activity of the (pre)frontal and limbic cortices. Hyperactive motivation to display behavior that potentially results in reward induces feelings of hankering (relief leads to pleasure); while, hyperactive motivation to exhibit behavior related to avoidance of aversive states results in dysphoria (relief leads to happiness). These two systems collaborate in a reciprocal fashion. We hypothesized that the mechanism inducing the switch from bipolar depression to mania is the most essential characteristic of bipolar disorder. This switch is attributed to a dysfunction of the lateral habenula, which regulates the activity of midbrain centers, including the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA). From an evolutionary perspective, the activity of the lateral habenula should be regulated by the human homolog of the habenula-projecting globus pallidus, which in turn might be directed by the amygdaloid complex and the phylogenetically old part of the limbic cortex. In bipolar disorder, it is possible that the system regulating the activity of this reward-driven behavior is damaged or the interaction between the medial and lateral habenula may be dysfunctional. This may lead to an adverse coupling between the activities of the misery-fleeing and reward-seeking circuits, which results in independently varying activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J. M. Loonen
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
- GGZ WNB, Mental Health HospitalBergen op Zoom, Netherlands
| | - Ralph W. Kupka
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mental Health Research InstituteTomsk, Russia
- Department of Ecology and Basic Safety, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityTomsk, Russia
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30
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The lateral habenula and the serotonergic system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 162:22-28. [PMID: 28528079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is an epithalamic structure differentiated into two nuclear complexes, medial (MHb) and lateral habenula (LHb). After decades of relative neglect, interest in the Hb resurged when it was demonstrated that LHb neurons play a key role in encoding disappointments and expectation of punishments. Consistent with such a role, the LHb has been implicated in a broad array of functions and pathologic conditions, notably in mechanisms of stress and pain, as well as in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. So far, the vast majority of research involving the LHb has focused on its role in regulating midbrain dopamine release. However, the LHb is also robustly interconnected in a reciprocal manner with a set of rostral serotonin (5-HT) nuclei. Thus, there is increasing evidence that the LHb is amply linked to the dorsal (DR) and median raphe nucleus (MnR) by a complex network of parallel topographically organized direct and indirect pathways. Here, we summarize research about the interconnections of the LHb with different subregions of the DR and MnR, as well as findings about 5-HT-dependent modulation of LHb neurons. Finally, we discuss the contribution of distinct LHb-raphe loops to stress and stress-related psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression.
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31
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Onofrj M, Carrozzino D, D’Amico A, Di Giacomo R, Delli Pizzi S, Thomas A, Onofrj V, Taylor JP, Bonanni L. Psychosis in parkinsonism: an unorthodox approach. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1313-1330. [PMID: 28553118 PMCID: PMC5439966 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently considered as the occurrence of hallucinations and delusions. The historical meaning of the term psychosis was, however, broader, encompassing a disorganization of both consciousness and personality, including behavior abnormalities, such as impulsive overactivity and catatonia, in complete definitions by the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Our review is aimed at reminding that complex psychotic symptoms, including impulsive overactivity and somatoform disorders (the last being a recent controversial entity in PD), were carefully described in postencephalitic parkinsonism (PEP), many decades before dopaminergic treatment era, and are now described in other parkinsonisms than PD. Eminent neuropsychiatrists of the past century speculated that studying psychosis in PEP might highlight its mechanisms in other conditions. Yet, functional assessments were unavailable at the time. Therefore, the second part of our article reviews the studies of neural correlates of psychosis in parkinsonisms, by taking into account both theories on the narrative functions of the default mode network (DMN) and hypotheses on DMN modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara
- CE.S.I. University Foundation
| | - Danilo Carrozzino
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Aurelio D’Amico
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara
- CE.S.I. University Foundation
| | - Roberta Di Giacomo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara
- CE.S.I. University Foundation
| | - Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara
| | - Astrid Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara
- CE.S.I. University Foundation
| | - Valeria Onofrj
- Department of Bioimaging, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara
- CE.S.I. University Foundation
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Lima LB, Bueno D, Leite F, Souza S, Gonçalves L, Furigo IC, Donato J, Metzger M. Afferent and efferent connections of the interpeduncular nucleus with special reference to circuits involving the habenula and raphe nuclei. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2411-2442. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro B. Lima
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Debora Bueno
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda Leite
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Stefani Souza
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luciano Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Isadora C. Furigo
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Martin Metzger
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Boulos LJ, Darcq E, Kieffer BL. Translating the Habenula-From Rodents to Humans. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:296-305. [PMID: 27527822 PMCID: PMC5143215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is a central structure connecting forebrain to midbrain regions. This microstructure regulates monoaminergic systems, notably dopamine and serotonin, and integrates cognitive with emotional and sensory processing. Early preclinical data have described Hb as a brain nucleus activated in anticipation of aversive outcomes. Evidence has now accumulated to show that the Hb encodes both rewarding and aversive aspects of external stimuli, thus driving motivated behaviors and decision making. Human Hb research is still nascent but develops rapidly, alongside with the growth of neuroimaging and deep brain stimulation techniques. Not surprisingly, Hb dysfunction has been associated with psychiatric disorders, and studies in patients have established evidence for Hb involvement in major depression, addiction, and schizophrenia, as well as in pain and analgesia. Here, we summarize current knowledge from animal research and overview the existing human literature on anatomy and function of the Hb. We also discuss challenges and future directions in targeting this small brain structure in both rodents and humans. By combining animal data and human experimental studies, this review addresses the translational potential of preclinical Hb research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Joy Boulos
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Loonen AJM, Ivanova SA. Circuits Regulating Pleasure and Happiness: The Evolution of the Amygdalar-Hippocampal-Habenular Connectivity in Vertebrates. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:539. [PMID: 27920666 PMCID: PMC5118621 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Appetitive-searching (reward-seeking) and distress-avoiding (misery-fleeing) behavior are essential for all free moving animals to stay alive and to have offspring. Therefore, even the oldest ocean-dwelling animal creatures, living about 560 million years ago and human ancestors, must have been capable of generating these behaviors. The current article describes the evolution of the forebrain with special reference to the development of the misery-fleeing system. Although, the earliest vertebrate ancestor already possessed a dorsal pallium, which corresponds to the human neocortex, the structure and function of the neocortex was acquired quite recently within the mammalian evolutionary line. Up to, and including, amphibians, the dorsal pallium can be considered to be an extension of the medial pallium, which later develops into the hippocampus. The ventral and lateral pallium largely go up into the corticoid part of the amygdala. The striatopallidum of these early vertebrates becomes extended amygdala, consisting of centromedial amygdala (striatum) connected with the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (pallidum). This amygdaloid system gives output to hypothalamus and brainstem, but also a connection with the cerebral cortex exists, which in part was created after the development of the more recent cerebral neocortex. Apart from bidirectional connectivity with the hippocampal complex, this route can also be considered to be an output channel as the fornix connects the hippocampus with the medial septum, which is the most important input structure of the medial habenula. The medial habenula regulates the activity of midbrain structures adjusting the intensity of the misery-fleeing response. Within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis the human homolog of the ancient lateral habenula-projecting globus pallidus may exist; this structure is important for the evaluation of efficacy of the reward-seeking response. The described organization offers a framework for the regulation of the stress response, including the medial habenula and the subgenual cingulate cortex, in which dysfunction may explain the major symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J. M. Loonen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
- GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant (GGZ-WNB)Halsteren, Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesTomsk, Russia
- Department of Ecology and Basic Safety, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityTomsk, Russia
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Loonen AJM, Ivanova SA. Circuits Regulating Pleasure and Happiness-Mechanisms of Depression. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:571. [PMID: 27891086 PMCID: PMC5102894 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
According to our model of the regulation of appetitive-searching vs. distress-avoiding behaviors, the motivation to display these essential conducts is regulated by two parallel cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical, re-entry circuits, including the core and the shell parts of the nucleus accumbens, respectively. An entire series of basal ganglia, running from the caudate nucleus on one side, to the centromedial amygdala on the other side, controls the intensity of these reward-seeking and misery-fleeing behaviors by stimulating the activity of the (pre)frontal and limbic cortices. Hyperactive motivation to display behavior that potentially results in reward induces feelings of hankering (relief leads to pleasure). Hyperactive motivation to exhibit behavior related to avoidance of misery results in dysphoria (relief leads to happiness). These two systems collaborate in a reciprocal fashion. In clinical depression, a mismatch exists between the activities of these two circuits: the balance is shifted to the misery-avoiding side. Five theories have been developed to explain the mechanism of depressive mood disorders, including the monoamine, biorhythm, neuro-endocrine, neuro-immune, and kindling/neuroplasticity theories. This paper describes these theories in relationship to the model (described above) of the regulation of reward-seeking vs. misery-avoiding behaviors. Chronic stress that leads to structural changes may induce the mismatch between the two systems. This mismatch leads to lack of pleasure, low energy, and indecisiveness, on one hand, and dysphoria, continuous worrying, and negative expectations on the other hand. The neuroplastic effects of monoamines, cortisol, and cytokines may mediate the induction of these structural alterations. Long-term exposure to stressful situations (particularly experienced during childhood) may lead to increased susceptibility for developing this condition. This hypothesis opens up the possibility of treating depression with psychotherapy. Genetic and other biological factors (toxic, infectious, or traumatic) may increase sensitivity to the induction of relevant neuroplastic changes. Reversal or compensation of these neuroplastic adjustments may explain the effects of biological therapies in treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J. M. Loonen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
- GGZ WNB, Mental Health HospitalBergen op Zoom, Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of SciencesTomsk, Russia
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityTomsk, Russia
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Morphometric analysis of the cerebral expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter protein ABCB1 in chronic schizophrenia: Circumscribed deficits in the habenula. Schizophr Res 2016; 177:52-58. [PMID: 26948503 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that microvascular abnormalities and malfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly contribute to schizophrenia pathophysiology. The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCB1 is an important molecular component of the intact BBB, which has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, the regional and cellular expression of ABCB1 in schizophrenia is yet unexplored. Therefore, we studied ABCB1 protein expression immunohistochemically in twelve human post-mortem brain regions known to play a role in schizophrenia, in 13 patients with schizophrenia and nine controls. In ten out of twelve brain regions under study, no significant differences were found with regard to the numerical density of ABCB1-expressing capillaries between all patients with schizophrenia and control cases. The left and right habenular complex, however, showed significantly reduced capillary densities in schizophrenia patients. In addition, we found a significantly reduced density of ABCB1-expressing neurons in the left habenula. Reduced ABCB1 expression in habenular capillaries might contribute to increased brain levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with schizophrenia, while decreased expression of this protein in a subpopulation of medial habenular neurons (which are probably purinergic) might be related to abnormalities of purines and their receptors found in this disease.
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Bocchetta M, Gordon E, Marshall CR, Slattery CF, Cardoso MJ, Cash DM, Espak M, Modat M, Ourselin S, Frisoni GB, Schott JM, Warren JD, Rohrer JD. The habenula: an under-recognised area of importance in frontotemporal dementia? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:910-2. [PMID: 26567261 PMCID: PMC4975822 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-312067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bocchetta
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio—Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Gordon
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Charles R Marshall
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Catherine F Slattery
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Jorge Cardoso
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - Miklos Espak
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Modat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio—Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Memory Clinic and Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jason D Warren
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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38
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Ely BA, Xu J, Goodman WK, Lapidus KA, Gabbay V, Stern ER. Resting-state functional connectivity of the human habenula in healthy individuals: Associations with subclinical depression. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2369-84. [PMID: 26991474 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The habenula (Hb) is postulated to play a critical role in reward and aversion processing across species, including humans, and has been increasingly implicated in depression. However, technical constraints have limited in vivo investigation of the human Hb, and its function remains poorly characterized. We sought to overcome these challenges by examining the whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity of the Hb and its possible relationship to depressive symptomatology using the high-resolution WU-Minn Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. METHODS Anatomical and resting-state functional MRI data from 50 healthy subjects with low or high subclinical depression scores (n = 25 each) were analyzed. Using novel semi-automated segmentation and optimization techniques, we generated individual-specific Hb seeds and calculated whole-brain functional connectivity for the entire cohort and the contrast of high vs. low depression groups. RESULTS In the entire cohort, the Hb exhibited significant connectivity with key brainstem structures (i.e., ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, pons) as well as the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, precuneus, thalamus, and sensorimotor cortex. Multiple regions showed differential Hb connectivity based on subclinical depression scores, including the amygdala, insula, and prefrontal, mid-cingulate, and entorhinal cortices. CONCLUSIONS Hb connectivity findings converged on areas associated with salience processing, sensorimotor systems, and the default mode network. We also detected substantial Hb-brainstem connectivity, consistent with prior histological and animal research. High and low subclinical depression groups exhibited differences in Hb connectivity with multiple regions previously linked to depression, suggesting the relationship between these structures as a potential target for future research and treatment. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2369-2384, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Junqian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Wayne K Goodman
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kyle A Lapidus
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Emily R Stern
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Furman DJ, Gotlib IH. Habenula responses to potential and actual loss in major depression: preliminary evidence for lateralized dysfunction. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:843-51. [PMID: 26884545 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The habenula has been implicated in predicting negative events and in responding to unexpected negative outcomes. Animal models of depression have supported the hypothesis that perturbations in habenula activity contribute to the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), a psychiatric illness characterized by abnormalities in responding to negative feedback and by pessimism in evaluating the likelihood of future events. No research to date, however, has examined human habenula responses to potential and experienced negative outcomes in MDD. In this study, depressed and healthy control participants performed a probabilistic guessing task for monetary rewards and penalties during high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the habenula. In healthy adults, we observed a pattern of habenula activation consistent with its hypothesized role in predicting future losses and responding to suboptimal outcomes. In contrast, in depressed participants the left habenula was not activated significantly during the prediction or experience of monetary penalty. Complementing this group difference, attenuated habenula activation to negative feedback in control participants was associated with levels of shame and rumination. The results of this study suggest that depressed individuals are characterized by dysfunction in a neural system involved in generating expectations and comparing expectations with objective outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Venkiteswaran K, Alexander DN, Puhl MD, Rao A, Piquet AL, Nyland JE, Subramanian MP, Iyer P, Boisvert MM, Handly E, Subramanian T, Grigson PS. Transplantation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine self-administering rats provides protection from seeking. Brain Res Bull 2015; 123:53-60. [PMID: 26562520 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to drugs and alcohol leads to damage to dopaminergic neurons and their projections in the 'reward pathway' that originate in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and terminate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This damage is thought to contribute to the signature symptom of addiction: chronic relapse. In this study we show that bilateral transplants of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPECs), a cell mediated dopaminergic and trophic neuromodulator, into the medial shell of the NAc, rescue rats with a history of high rates of cocaine self-administration from drug-seeking when returned, after 2 weeks of abstinence, to the drug-associated chamber under extinction conditions (i.e., with no drug available). Excellent survival was noted for the transplant of RPECs in the shell and/or the core of the NAc bilaterally in all rats that showed behavioral recovery from cocaine seeking. Design based unbiased stereology of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cell bodies in the VTA showed better preservation (p<0.035) in transplanted animals compared to control animals. This experiment shows that the RPEC graft provides beneficial effects to prevent drug seeking in drug addiction via its effects directly on the NAc and its neural network with the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kala Venkiteswaran
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Danielle N Alexander
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Matthew D Puhl
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Anand Rao
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Amanda L Piquet
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Nyland
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Megha P Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Puja Iyer
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Matthew M Boisvert
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Erin Handly
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Thyagarajan Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Patricia Sue Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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