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Petersen AS, Lund N, Goadsby PJ, Belin AC, Wang SJ, Fronczek R, Burish M, Cho SJ, Peres MFP, Jensen RH. Recent advances in diagnosing, managing, and understanding the pathophysiology of cluster headache. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:712-724. [PMID: 38876749 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cluster headache, characterised by attacks of severe, recurrent, unilateral headache and ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms, remains a primary headache with an elusive pathophysiology. Recent advances have introduced effective treatments and broadened understanding of the clinical features of cluster headache. These features are similar in patients globally, but regional differences in prevalence and burden exist. International collaborations have led to identification of eight genetic loci associated with cluster headache. The pathophysiological mechanisms are still not fully understood but recent studies show that targeting the trigeminal autonomic reflex by neurostimulation, or targeting the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), might lessen the attack burden. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CGRP, as the first specific preventive treatment for episodic cluster headache. However, a preventive effect was not replicated in chronic cluster headache, and the European Medicines Agency did not approve galcanezumab, restricting its availability in Europe. Owing to the low prevalence of cluster headache, continued collaboration through multicentre clinical trials and data sharing will be imperative for further breakthroughs in understanding and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja S Petersen
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nunu Lund
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- National Institute for Health and Care Research King's Clinical Research Facility, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea C Belin
- Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine and Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rolf Fronczek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mark Burish
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soo-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Mario F P Peres
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rigmor H Jensen
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Naegel S. [Medication overuse headache]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2024; 92:298-303. [PMID: 39025057 DOI: 10.1055/a-2332-5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a globally prevalent and debilitating condition that results from excessive use of acute therapies and can significantly affect quality of life, despite the fact that simple information about the causes and consequences of the condition can help prevent or stop MOH. In recent years, many new insights have been gained into headaches caused by medication overuse. In addition, the diagnostic criteria and guideline recommendations have changed considerably. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the clinic, definition/classification, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, controversies, prevention, and treatment of MOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Naegel
- Neurologie, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus Rüttenscheid, Essen, Germany
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle, Germany
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3
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Ajhar A, Kothakapu R, Arends M, Anderson M, Scott SE. Persistent headache without neurologic deficit from a spontaneous vertebral artery dissection. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 81:159.e7-159.e10. [PMID: 38658200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-traumatic headache is a common complaint seen in the emergency department (ED), accounting for 2.3% of ED visits per year in the United States (Munoz-Ceron et al., 2019). When approaching the workup and management of headache, an emergency medicine physician is tasked with generating a deadly differential by means of a thorough history and physical exam to determine the next best steps. CASE A 21-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a debilitating new-onset headache, preceded by an isolated vertiginous event 3 days prior. He was found to have a normal neurologic examination. A non-contrast CT scan of the head revealed a large hypodensity within the left cerebellum with a subsequent MRA of the brain and neck notable for a left vertebral artery dissection, complicated by an ischemic cerebellar stroke. DISCUSSION With an estimated incidence of 1-5 per 100,000, vertebral artery dissection is a rare cause of stroke within the general population and carries with it a high degree of morbidity and mortality (Rodallec et al., 2008). Vertebral artery dissection is a result of blood penetrating the intimal wall of the artery to form an intramural hematoma. Diagnosis can be difficult in cases presenting subacutely but a thorough history evaluating for red flags and using simple but highly sensitive exams such as the bedside HINTS exam can increase pretest probability of stroke. Clinical syndromes, red flags, and time from onset of symptoms should guide imaging modalities such as CT, CTA, MRI, and MRA in detection of small ischemic changes, intimal flaps, and luminal thromboses. CONCLUSION Vertebral artery dissection should remain high on the differential for an emergency medicine physician when history is suggestive of a new onset headache, preceded by vertiginous symptoms. An absence of recent trauma and a normal neurologic examination does not eliminate the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Ajhar
- Emergency Medicine Resident at Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040A Jackson Avenue Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431-1100, USA.
| | - Rohith Kothakapu
- Neurology Resident at Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040A Jackson Avenue Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431-1100, USA.
| | - Mitchell Arends
- Emergency Medicine Resident at Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040A Jackson Avenue Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431-1100, USA.
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Neurology Resident at Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040A Jackson Avenue Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431-1100, USA.
| | - Sean E Scott
- Attending Physician at Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040A Jackson Avenue Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431-1100, USA.
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Greige T, Edlow JA. Managing Acute Headache in Pregnant and Postpartum Women. Ann Emerg Med 2024; 84:51-59. [PMID: 38597849 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Greige
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Jonathan A Edlow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Edlow JA, Singhal AB, Romero JM. Case 18-2024: A 64-Year-Old Woman with the Worst Headache of Her Life. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:2108-2118. [PMID: 38865664 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc2402484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Edlow
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (J.A.E.), and the Departments of Neurology (A.B.S.) and Radiology (J.M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
| | - Aneesh B Singhal
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (J.A.E.), and the Departments of Neurology (A.B.S.) and Radiology (J.M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
| | - Javier M Romero
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (J.A.E.), and the Departments of Neurology (A.B.S.) and Radiology (J.M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston
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Okada M, Katsuki M, Shimazu T, Takeshima T, Mitsufuji T, Ito Y, Ohbayashi K, Imai N, Miyahara J, Matsumori Y, Nakazato Y, Fujita K, Hoshino E, Yamamoto T. Preliminary External Validation Results of the Artificial Intelligence-Based Headache Diagnostic Model: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:744. [PMID: 38929727 PMCID: PMC11204521 DOI: 10.3390/life14060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The misdiagnosis of headache disorders is a serious issue, and AI-based headache model diagnoses with external validation are scarce. We previously developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based headache diagnosis model using a database of 4000 patients' questionnaires in a headache-specializing clinic and herein performed external validation prospectively. The validation cohort of 59 headache patients was prospectively collected from August 2023 to February 2024 at our or collaborating multicenter institutions. The ground truth was specialists' diagnoses based on the initial questionnaire and at least a one-month headache diary after the initial consultation. The diagnostic performance of the AI model was evaluated. The mean age was 42.55 ± 12.74 years, and 51/59 (86.67%) of the patients were female. No missing values were reported. Of the 59 patients, 56 (89.83%) had migraines or medication-overuse headaches, and 3 (5.08%) had tension-type headaches. No one had trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias or other headaches. The models' overall accuracy and kappa for the ground truth were 94.92% and 0.65 (95%CI 0.21-1.00), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F values for migraines were 98.21%, 66.67%, 98.21%, and 98.21%, respectively. There was disagreement between the AI diagnosis and the ground truth by headache specialists in two patients. This is the first external validation of the AI headache diagnosis model. Further data collection and external validation are required to strengthen and improve its performance in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Okada
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (M.O.)
| | - Masahito Katsuki
- Physical Education and Health Center, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata 940-2137, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shimazu
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Neuropsychiatric Institute, Saitama 338-8577, Japan
| | - Takao Takeshima
- Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Tominaga Hospital, Osaka 556-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Mitsufuji
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (M.O.)
| | - Yasuo Ito
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (M.O.)
| | | | - Noboru Imai
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka 420-0853, Japan
| | - Junichi Miyahara
- Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Tominaga Hospital, Osaka 556-0017, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiko Nakazato
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (M.O.)
| | - Kazuki Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Eri Hoshino
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Neuropsychiatric Institute, Saitama 338-8577, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (M.O.)
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Hac NEF, Gold DR. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of vestibular migraine and the vestibular disorders it mimics. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00381. [PMID: 38845250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dizziness is one of the most common chief complaints in both the ambulatory care setting and the emergency department. These symptoms may be representative of a broad range of entities. Therefore, any attempt at treatment must first start with determining the etiology. In this current perspective, we focus specifically on the diagnosis of and treatment of vestibular migraine, which is common and overlaps clinically with a variety of other diagnoses. We discuss the traditional treatments for vestibular migraine in addition to the recent explosion of novel migraine therapeutics. Because vestibular migraine can mimic, or co-exist with, a variety of other vestibular diseases, we discuss several of these disorders including persistent postural-perceptual dizziness, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, post-concussive syndrome, Ménière's disease, and cerebrovascular etiologies. We discuss the diagnosis of each, as well as overlapping and distinguishing clinical features of which the reader should be aware. Finally, we conclude with evidence based as well as expert commentary on management, with a particular emphasis on vestibular migraine.
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Yildiz Goksel H, Bilgin S, Digre K, Cortez MM, Ozudogru SN. The critical role of neuroimaging in hemicrania continua: A systematic review and case series. Headache 2024; 64:674-684. [PMID: 38780233 DOI: 10.1111/head.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemicrania continua is a primary unilateral headache characterized by ipsilateral parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic features. A key diagnostic criterion is its dramatic response to indomethacin treatment; however, various vascular or structural abnormalities have been reported to cause secondary hemicrania continua, presenting with clinical features similar to those of the primary headache presentation. OBJECTIVE We reviewed the literature to compile secondary hemicrania continua cases, highlighting the importance of imaging during the evaluation. Additionally, we also contributed our three cases to the existing studies. METHODS We conducted a review of articles from the PubMed and EMBASE databases that described reported cases of secondary hemicrania continua, covering the period from 1993 to 2021. Our review included detailed patient information, signs, and symptoms of hemicrania continua, as well as information on indomethacin usage and headache resolution (if pertinent). RESULTS Secondary hemicrania continua can result from a remarkably diverse range of structural and vascular lesions, yet clinical reports on long-term follow-up are lacking. Notably, cases may exhibit a classical response to indomethacin, emphasizing the importance of neuroimaging in excluding secondary cases. Our search yielded 41 cases meeting our criteria. We excluded six cases that were not treated with indomethacin or were unresponsive to it. Additionally, we present three cases that highlight the necessity of neuroimaging in evaluating hemicrania continua, along with short- and long-term clinical outcomes following indomethacin and lesion-directed treatments. Case 1 presented with daily right-sided headaches and cranial autonomic symptoms. Her pain completely resolved with indomethacin use. Neuroimaging of the brain revealed a laterally directed saccular aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery. Case 2 presented with continuous left-sided unilateral headaches with superimposed exacerbations. She complained of left-sided photophobia with a dull sensation in the left ear. Her symptoms decreased after 2 weeks of indomethacin use. Neuroimaging of the head indicated a benign tumor with mass effect into the left lateral medulla and inferior cerebellar peduncle. Case 3 presented with a right side-locked headache with daily, severe superimposed exacerbations. She had photophobia in the right eye and a right-sided Horner's syndrome, along with tearing during her exacerbations. Neuroimaging of the brain revealed a pituitary tumor and her pain completely resolved with indomethacin. CONCLUSION Hemicrania continua is a rare headache disorder that can be either primary or secondary. Importantly, response to indomethacin can still occur in secondary hemicrania continua. Thus, neuroimaging should be considered to rule out underlying structural etiology in all cases, regardless of their clinical responsiveness to indomethacin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyma Bilgin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathleen Digre
- Department of Neurology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melissa M Cortez
- Department of Neurology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Seniha N Ozudogru
- Department of Neurology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chu K, Kelly AM, Kuan WS, Kinnear FB, Keijzers G, Horner D, Laribi S, Cardozo A, Karamercan MA, Klim S, Wijeratne T, Kamona S, Graham CA, Body R, Roberts T. Predictive performance of the common red flags in emergency department headache patients: a HEAD and HEAD-Colombia study. Emerg Med J 2024; 41:368-375. [PMID: 38658053 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2023-213461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Only a small proportion of patients presenting to an ED with headache have a serious cause. The SNNOOP10 criteria, which incorporates red and orange flags for serious causes, has been proposed but not well studied. This project aims to compare the proportion of patients with 10 commonly accepted red flag criteria (singly and in combination) between patients with and without a diagnosis of serious secondary headache in a large, multinational cohort of ED patients presenting with headache. METHODS Secondary analysis of data obtained in the HEAD and HEAD-Colombia studies. The outcome of interest was serious secondary headache. The predictive performance of 10 red flag criteria from the SNNOOP10 criteria list was estimated individually and in combination. RESULTS 5293 patients were included, of whom 6.1% (95% CI 5.5% to 6.8%) had a defined serious cause identified. New neurological deficit, history of neoplasm, older age (>50 years) and recent head trauma (2-7 days prior) were independent predictors of a serious secondary headache diagnosis. After adjusting for other predictors, sudden onset, onset during exertion, pregnancy and immune suppression were not associated with a serious headache diagnosis. The combined sensitivity of the red flag criteria overall was 96.5% (95% CI 93.2% to 98.3%) but specificity was low, 5.1% (95% CI 4.3% to 6.0%). Positive predictive value was 9.3% (95% CI 8.2% to 10.5%) with negative predictive value of 93.5% (95% CI 87.6% to 96.8%). CONCLUSION The sensitivity and specificity of the red flag criteria in this study were lower than previously reported. Regarding clinical practice, this suggests that red flag criteria may be useful to identify patients at higher risk of a serious secondary headache cause, but their low specificity could result in increased rates of CT scanning. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR376695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chu
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Kelly
- Joseph Epstein Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Win Sen Kuan
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Frances B Kinnear
- Emergency and Children's Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerben Keijzers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Horner
- Emergency Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Said Laribi
- Emergency Medicine Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Sharon Klim
- Joseph Epstein Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tissa Wijeratne
- Department of Neurology, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sinan Kamona
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Colin A Graham
- Emergency Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Body
- Emergency Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tom Roberts
- Trainee Emergency Research Network, London, UK
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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Pineda NET, Go CLD, Valdez MCM. A Severe Case of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension in an Adult Asian Male Improved With Trendelenburg Positioning: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e60199. [PMID: 38868244 PMCID: PMC11168240 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic bilateral acute subdural hematomas are a rare occurrence. Etiologies typically include, but are not limited to, cortical artery bleeding, vascular lesions, coagulopathies, and spontaneous intracranial hypotension. We report a case of a 45-year-old Korean male with no known co-morbid illnesses nor history of head or neck trauma, who came to the emergency department due to a 10-day history of dizziness and head heaviness, followed by disorientation and drowsiness. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral acute subdural hematoma; hence, a bilateral posterior parietal craniotomy with evacuation of hematoma was performed. Neurologic status initially improved remarkably; however, during rehabilitation, there was recurrence of acute bilateral subdural hematoma requiring repeat surgical evacuation. There was no clinical improvement after the repeat surgery, and his condition further deteriorated in the neurosciences critical care unit showing signs of rostrocaudal deterioration at the level of diencephalon. A plain cranial CT scan was performed, which showed central herniation and "brain sagging." A diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension was considered; thus, the patient was managed by positioning him in the Trendelenburg position alternating with flat position on the bed. A search for the cerebrospinal fluid leak was commenced by performing a whole spine MRI constructive interference in steady state (CISS) protocol, which showed a longitudinal spinal anterior epidural cerebrospinal fluid leak from spinal level C2 to T1. Radionuclide cisternography did not provide definitive scintigraphic evidence of a leak. The patient gradually improved and was eventually transferred out of the neurosciences critical care unit. After days of rehabilitation in the hospital, the patient was discharged ambulatory with minimal support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cybele Liana D Go
- Institute for Neurosciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, PHL
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Durham J, Ohrbach R, Baad-Hansen L, Davies S, De Laat A, Goncalves DG, Gordan VV, Goulet JP, Häggman-Henrikson B, Horton M, Koutris M, Law A, List T, Lobbezoo F, Michelotti A, Nixdorf DR, Oyarzo JF, Peck C, Penlington C, Raphael KG, Santiago V, Sharma S, Svensson P, Visscher CM, Yoshiki I, Alstergren P. Constructing the brief diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (bDC/TMD) for field testing. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:785-794. [PMID: 38151896 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in temporomandibular disorders' (TMDs) diagnosis, the diagnostic process continues to be problematic in non-specialist settings. OBJECTIVE To complete a Delphi process to shorten the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) to a brief DC/TMD (bDC/TMD) for expedient clinical diagnosis and initial management. METHODS An international Delphi panel was created with 23 clinicians representing major specialities, general dentistry and related fields. The process comprised a full day workshop, seven virtual meetings, six rounds of electronic discussion and finally an open consultation at a virtual international symposium. RESULTS Within the physical axis (Axis 1), the self-report Symptom Questionnaire of the DC/TMD did not require shortening from 14 items for the bDC/TMD. The compulsory use of the TMD pain screener was removed reducing the total number of Axis 1 items by 18%. The DC/TMD Axis 1 10-section examination protocol (25 movements, up to 12 sets of bilateral palpations) was reduced to four sections in the bDC/TMD protocol involving three movements and three sets of palpations. Axis I then resulted in two groups of diagnoses: painful TMD (inclusive of secondary headache), and common joint-related TMD with functional implications. The psychosocial axis (Axis 2) was shortened to an ultra-brief 11 item assessment. CONCLUSION The bDC/TMD represents a substantially reduced and likely expedited method to establish (grouping) diagnoses in TMDs. This may provide greater utility for settings requiring less granular diagnoses for the implementation of initial treatment, for example non-specialist general dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Durham
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Newcastle Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Richard Ohrbach
- Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lene Baad-Hansen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stephen Davies
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester UK, Manchester, UK
| | - Antoon De Laat
- Department Oral health Sciences KU Leuven and Department Dentistry, UZ Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Valeria V Gordan
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Goulet
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Birgitta Häggman-Henrikson
- Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Michail Koutris
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Law
- Endodontist, The Dental Specialists, Woodbury, Minnesota, USA
- Research Professor, Division of Endodontics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas List
- Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ambra Michelotti
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Orthodontics, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Donald R Nixdorf
- Division of TMD & Orofacial Pain, School of Dentistry and Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Juan Fernando Oyarzo
- TMD and Orofacial Pain Program, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chris Peck
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chris Penlington
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Newcastle Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Karen G Raphael
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology & Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivian Santiago
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology & Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Peter Svensson
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Corine M Visscher
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Imamura Yoshiki
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Per Alstergren
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden
- Orofacial Pain Unit, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Robbins M. New Daily Persistent Headache. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30:425-437. [PMID: 38568492 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes the clinical features, etiology, differential diagnosis, management, and prognosis of new daily persistent headache. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS New daily persistent headache has attracted renewed attention as it may arise in the setting of a COVID-19 infection. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension, particularly from CSF-venous fistulas, remains an important secondary headache disorder to consider before diagnosing new daily persistent headache. Symptomatic treatment for new daily persistent headache may include acute and preventive therapies used for migraine and tension-type headache, such as triptans, oral preventive agents, onabotulinumtoxinA, and agents that target calcitonin gene-related peptide. ESSENTIAL POINTS New daily persistent headache is a daily headache syndrome that starts acutely and can only be diagnosed after 3 months have elapsed and other secondary and primary headache diagnoses have been excluded. The clinical manifestations largely resemble either chronic migraine or chronic tension-type headache. The underlying cause is unknown, but it is plausible that multiple etiologies exist and that it is not a single disease entity. The prognosis is variable but often poor, and the treatment approach is largely extrapolated from the management of chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache.
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13
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Friedman DI. Approach to the Patient With Headache. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30:296-324. [PMID: 38568485 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The evaluation of patients with headache relies heavily on the history. This article reviews key questions for diagnosing primary and secondary headache disorders with a rationale for each and phrasing to optimize the information obtained and the patient's experience. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS The availability of online resources for clinicians and patients continues to increase, including sites that use artificial intelligence to generate a diagnosis and report based on patient responses online. Patient-friendly headache apps include calendars that help track treatment response, identify triggers, and provide educational information. ESSENTIAL POINTS A structured approach to taking the history, incorporating online resources and other technologies when needed, facilitates making an accurate diagnosis and often eliminates the need for unnecessary testing. A detailed yet empathetic approach incorporating interpersonal skills enhances relationship building and trust, both of which are integral to successful treatment.
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14
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Orr SL. Headache in Children and Adolescents. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30:438-472. [PMID: 38568493 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews the assessment of children and adolescents presenting with headache, provides an overview of primary headache disorders, and reviews evidence-based management of headache in this age group. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS In the last few years, new epidemiological data have shed light on less common pediatric headache disorders (eg, pediatric trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias) and psychosocial risk factors associated with primary headache disorders in children and adolescents. There has also recently been a substantial increase in interventions that target the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway and that treat primary headache disorders using noninvasive neuromodulation. Although these interventions have primarily been studied in adults, there is emerging evidence of their use in the pediatric population. ESSENTIAL POINTS Primary headache disorders are very common in youth, and the most commonly encountered headache diagnosis in neurology practice is migraine, which affects approximately 10% of children and adolescents. Diagnosing and effectively treating primary headache disorders before adulthood may have a sustained impact on the patient by improving long-term headache and mental health outcomes, thereby significantly reducing the burden of disability over time. There are several available and emerging acute and preventive interventions for youth with primary headache disorders, and treatment decisions should be made in the context of available evidence using a shared decision-making approach.
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15
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Raffaelli B, Lange KS. [Migraine and pregnancy : Gender-specific aspects and current knowledge]. DER NERVENARZT 2024; 95:308-315. [PMID: 38321287 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine, a frequent and debilitating neurological disease, shows gender-specific differences in prevalence and severity. Pregnancy is associated with numerous unique features in terms of migraine course, treatment options and differential diagnoses. OBJECTIVES How does pregnancy influence the course of migraine? What are the possible treatment options during pregnancy? Which differential diagnoses should be considered? MATERIAL AND METHODS Narrative review with summary and discussion of relevant studies and guidelines on migraine in pregnancy. RESULTS During pregnancy up to three quarters of women experience improvement of their migraine; however, there may be a renewed increase in frequency after childbirth. Choosing an appropriate treatment during pregnancy requires a careful risk-benefit assessment. It is important to consider secondary causes of headache as these can occur more frequently during pregnancy and some can be life-threatening. CONCLUSION Consideration of specific aspects of migraine in pregnancy is crucial to be able to develop the best possible treatment strategies for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Raffaelli
- Kopfschmerzzentrum, Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Clinician Scientist Programm, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Kristin S Lange
- Kopfschmerzzentrum, Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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16
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Guo Y, Guo J, Wang X, Ma A, Gao Y, Chen J, Nie C, Chen N. Glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy presented as meningitis: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26827. [PMID: 38434407 PMCID: PMC10907785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a novel autoimmune neurological disorder and is diagnosed by GFAP-IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measurement. Case report Herein, we described a 10-year-old boy with abnormal neurological symptoms and signs. GFAP-IgG was detected in CSF using cell-based assay (CBA), and his CSF showed an increase in lymphocytes, a slight decrease in glucose and an increase in protein level in the early stage. The cranial MRI showed multiple strips of T2-FLAIR hyperintense signal changes on the surface of medulla oblongata, pons, and gyrus in bilateral cerebral hemispheres. He was treated with immunoglobulin (IVIG) and high-dose methylprednisolone pulse treatment, and his clinical presentations gradually improved. Conclusion We highlight that patients with normal inflammatory markers in peripheral blood have obvious meningitis-like symptoms, and clinicians need to consider GFAP astrocytopathy. The early diagnosis and treatment of GFAP astrocytopathy are important for improving the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Guo
- Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Aihua Ma
- Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Cuili Nie
- Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
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17
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Ganti L, Veluri SC, Stead TS, Rieck R. Ominous Causes of Headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:73-81. [PMID: 38091239 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While primary headaches like migraines or cluster headaches are prevalent and often debilitating, it's the secondary headaches-those resulting from underlying pathologies-that can be particularly ominous. This article delves into the sinister causes of headaches, underscoring the importance of a meticulous clinical approach, especially when presented with red flags. RECENT FINDINGS Headaches, one of the most common complaints in clinical practice, span a spectrum from benign tension-type episodes to harbingers of life-threatening conditions. For the seasoned physician, differentiating between these extremes is paramount. Headache etiologies covered in this article will include subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cervical artery dissection, cerebral venous thrombosis, meningitis, obstructive hydrocephalus, and brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ganti
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Envision Healthcare, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | | - Thor S Stead
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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18
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Di Antonio S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Ponzano M, Bovis F, Torelli P, Elisa P, Finocchi C, Castaldo M. Profiling migraine patients according to clinical and psychophysical characteristics: clinical validity of distinct migraine clusters. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1185-1200. [PMID: 37833507 PMCID: PMC10858147 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Investigate if different clinical and psychophysical bedside tools can differentiate between district migraine phenotypes in ictal/perictal (cohort 1) and interictal (cohort 2) phases. METHOD This observational study included two independent samples in which patients were subgrouped into distinct clusters using standardized bedside assessment tools (headache frequency, disability, cervical active range of motion, pressure pain threshold in different areas): (A) cohort 1-ictal/perictal migraine patients were subgrouped, based on previous studies, into two clusters, i.e., Cluster-1.1 No Psychophysical Impairments (NPI) and Cluster-1.2 Increased Pain Sensitivity and Cervical Musculoskeletal Dysfunction (IPS-CMD); (B) cohort 2-interictal migraine patients were subgrouped into three clusters, i.e., Cluster-2.1 NPI, Cluster-2.2 IPS, and Cluster-2.3 IPS-CMD. Clinical characteristics (multiple questionnaires), somatosensory function (comprehensive quantitative sensory testing (QST)), and cervical musculoskeletal impairments (cervical musculoskeletal assessment) were assessed and compared across headache clusters and a group of 56 healthy controls matched for sex and age. RESULTS Cohort 1: A total of 156 subjects were included. Cluster-1.2 (IPS-CMD) had higher headache intensity (p = 0.048), worse headache-related (p = 0.003) and neck-related disability (p = 0.005), worse quality of life (p = 0.003), and higher symptoms related to sensitization (p = 0.001) and psychological burden (p = 0.005) vs. Cluster-1.1(NPI). Furthermore, Cluster-1.2 (IPS-CMD) had (1) reduced cervical active and passive range of motion (p < 0.023), reduced functionality of deep cervical flexors (p < 0.001), and reduced values in all QST(p < 0.001) vs. controls, and (2) reduced active mobility in flexion, left/right lateral flexion (p < 0.045), and reduced values in QST (p < 0.001) vs. Cluster-1.1 (NPI). Cohort 2: A total of 154 subjects were included. Cluster-2.3 (IPS-CMD) had (1) longer disease duration (p = 0.006), higher headache frequency (p = 0.006), disability (p < 0.001), and psychological burden (p = 0.027) vs. Cluster-2.2 (IPS) and (2) higher headache-related disability (p = 0.010), neck-related disability (p = 0.009), and higher symptoms of sensitization (p = 0.018) vs. Cluster-2.1 (NPI). Cluster-2.3(IPS-CMD) had reduced cervical active and passive range of motion (p < 0.034), and reduced functionality of deep cervical flexors (p < 0.001), vs. controls, Custer-2.1 (NPI), and Cluster-2.2 (IPS). Cluster-2.2 (IPS) and 2.3 (IPS-CMD) had reduced QST values vs. controls (p < 0.001) and Cluster-2.1 (p < 0.039). CONCLUSION A battery of patient-related outcome measures (PROMs) and quantitative bedside tools can separate migraine clusters with different clinical characteristics, somatosensory functions, and cervical musculoskeletal impairments. This confirms the existence of distinct migraine phenotypes and emphasizes the importance of migraine phases of which the characteristics are assessed. This may have implications for responders and non-responders to anti-migraine medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Antonio
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), School of Medicine, SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), School of Medicine, SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mech-Sense, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Ponzano
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Bovis
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Torelli
- Headache Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pelosin Elisa
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Castaldo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), School of Medicine, SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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19
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Guldemond A, Yan A, Vidanagamage A, Chhabda S, Nitkunan A. An unusual cause of headache. Pract Neurol 2024:pn-2023-004058. [PMID: 38365448 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2023-004058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Guldemond
- Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela Yan
- Neurology, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK
| | | | - Sahil Chhabda
- Radiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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20
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Reimers M, Bonemazzi I, Brunello F, Cavaliere E, Sartori S, Toldo I. Primary Stabbing Headache in Children and Adolescents. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:216. [PMID: 38398725 PMCID: PMC10889960 DOI: 10.3390/life14020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Stabbing Headache (PSH) is characterized by brief, focal, and paroxysmal pain ("stab"), occurring sporadically or in clusters. Data on pediatric cases are poor. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature review by searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase in order to collect pediatric case reports and case series of PSH. RESULTS A total of 12 out of 162 articles assessed for eligibility were finally included. The prevalence of PSH and probable PSH varies from 2.5 to 10% among children with primary headaches and it is higher among children aged less than 6 years old. The mean age of onset is between 7 and 11 years of age. Attack duration greatly varies, ranging from a few seconds to several minutes. The intensity of pain is usually from moderate to severe. Associated symptoms are infrequent but may be observed (mainly photophobia, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting). Neuroradiological findings are usually unremarkable; EEG may show sporadic epileptiform abnormalities (up to 30% of cases). Preventive therapy is anecdotal, including treatment with indomethacin, trazodone, valproate, and amitriptyline. CONCLUSION PSH is a common but still underdiagnosed entity among children with primary headaches; further and larger cohort studies are needed to better assess, in particular, prognosis and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Toldo
- Juvenile Headache Center, Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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21
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Cuneo A, Murinova N. Headache Management in Individuals with Brain Tumor. Semin Neurol 2024; 44:74-89. [PMID: 38183973 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Headache occurs commonly in individuals diagnosed with cerebral neoplasm. Though the features of a brain tumor-associated headache may vary, a progressive nature of headache and a change in headache phenotype from a prior primary headache disorder often are identified. Pathophysiologic mechanisms proposed for headache associated with brain tumor include headache related to traction on pain-sensitive structures, activation of central and peripheral pain processes, and complications from surgical, chemotherapeutic and/or radiotherapy treatment(s). Optimization of headache management is important for an individual's quality of life. Treatments are based upon patient-specific goals of care and may include tumor-targeted medical and surgical interventions, as well as a multimodal headache treatment approach incorporating acute and preventive medications, nutraceuticals, neuromodulation devices, behavioral interventions, anesthetic nerve blocks, and lifestyles changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Cuneo
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Natalia Murinova
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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22
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Papazoglou AS, Athanaseas I, Fousekis K, Kasotakis N, Kolokouris S, Zisakis T, Kyriakoulis KG. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in a Military Recruit Training Center of the Hellenic Navy: A Retrospective Analysis of the Poros Registry Serving as a Quality Improvement Project for Medical Officers. Mil Med 2024; 189:e166-e175. [PMID: 37399317 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basic military training (BMT) has been associated with increased morbidity burden. Nevertheless, the exact epidemiology of the encountered cases in the BMT of Greek recruits has never been assessed. The aim of this quality improvement project was to investigate for the first time the clinical patterns, rates, and severity of symptoms leading recruits to visit the infirmary of a recruit training center and use this knowledge to provide a practical guidance for the physicians in charge. MATERIALS AND METHODS All medical cases which were consecutively examined for the time range from November 2021 to September 2022 at the infirmary of the Hellenic Naval recruit training center in Poros, Greece, were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of "severe clinical status" (i.e., overnight sick bay confinement and/or transfer to a tertiary hospital within 24 h) and absence from BMT for at least 1 day. RESULTS A total of 2,623 medical cases were examined during four recruit seasons from November 2021 to September 2022. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and musculoskeletal injuries were the most frequent reasons for a recruit's visit to the infirmary (33.9% and 30.2%, respectively). 6.7% of the total cases were identified as having "severe clinical status." Specifically, in psychiatric, urological, and cardiovascular cases, febrile events were all independently associated with increased risk of "severe clinical status." There was a positive association between training week and absence from BMT, while febrile events and spring recruit season were also independently linked with increased probability of absence from BMT for at least 1 day. CONCLUSIONS URTIs and musculoskeletal complaints were the primary reasons for recruits' presentation at the infirmary of a Greek recruit training center, leading to severe rates of attrition. Further registries and quality improvement projects are warranted to reach specific conclusions and reduce BMT-related morbidity and its subsequent implications.
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23
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Pérez García MP, García Granado JF, Martínez Martín FJ. [Headache and hypertension as a form of presentation of pheochromocytoma and simulating a post-COVID-19 syndrome]. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2024; 41:62-65. [PMID: 38402070 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 syndrome is a set of symptoms and signs that persist for more than 12 weeks after COVID-19 infection and currently lacks a standardised clinical definition. Only one case has been reported in which a pheochromocytoma was mistaken for post-COVID-19 syndrome. The symptomatology of this syndrome is variable and ranges from headache and fatigue to persistent dyspnoea and neurocognitive disturbances. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 can affect the autonomic nervous system, contributing to symptoms resembling those of pheochromocytoma. The importance and need to discern between COVID-19-related symptoms and other conditions is emphasised, as the specificity of the clinical manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome is very low and can be confused with other vital pathologies. A case is presented in which a pheochromocytoma was mistaken for post-COVID-19 syndrome in a patient with no medical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Pérez García
- Servicio de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España.
| | - J F García Granado
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
| | - F J Martínez Martín
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
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24
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Melchior AG, Ayyoub A, Christensen RH, Al-Khazali HM, Amin FM, Ashina H. Epidemiology and clinical features of hypnic headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024231218389. [PMID: 38051816 DOI: 10.1177/03331024231218389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypnic headache is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headache attacks that occur exclusively during sleep, leading to awakening. Synthesizing the available epidemiological data might inform clinical decision-making. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for observational studies on hypnic headache published between 1 May 2004, and 22 December 2022. Two investigators independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis with meta-regression to estimate the prevalence of hypnic headache and its clinical features based on epidemiologic data from population-based and clinic-based studies. RESULTS Fourteen studies, one population-based and 13 clinic-based, met our eligibility criteria. The population-based study did not identify any people with hypnic headache. From 11 clinic-based studies, the pooled relative frequency of hypnic headache was 0.21% (95%CI, 0.13 to 0.35%; I2 = 87%) in adult patients evaluated for headache. The pooled mean age of onset was 60.5 years, with a slight female predisposition. Hypnic headache was typically bilateral (71%), pressing (73%), of moderate (38%) or severe (44%) pain intensity, and lasted about 115 minutes per attack. CONCLUSIONS Our data should be cautiously interpreted due to between-study heterogeneity. The identified clinical presentation of hypnic headache can guide clinical diagnosis, in addition to the International Classification of Headache Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Melchior
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amenah Ayyoub
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Häckert Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haidar Muhsen Al-Khazali
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Faisal Mohammad Amin
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Cortel-LeBlanc MA, Orr SL, Dunn M, James D, Cortel-LeBlanc A. Managing and Preventing Migraine in the Emergency Department: A Review. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 82:732-751. [PMID: 37436346 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and acute migraine attacks are a common reason for patients to seek care in the emergency department (ED). There have been recent advancements in the care of patients with migraine, specifically emerging evidence for nerve blocks and new pharmacological classes of medications like gepants and ditans. This article serves as a comprehensive review of migraine in the ED, including diagnosis and management of acute complications of migraine (eg, status migrainosus, migrainous infarct, persistent aura without infarction, and aura-triggered seizure) and use of evidence-based migraine-specific treatments in the ED. It highlights the role of migraine preventive medications and provides a framework for emergency physicians to prescribe them to eligible patients. Finally, it evaluates the evidence for nerve blocks in the treatment of migraine and introduces the possible role of gepants and ditans in the care of patients with migraine in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Cortel-LeBlanc
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queensway Carleton Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada; 360 Concussion Care, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Serena L Orr
- Departments of Pediatrics, Community Health Sciences, and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maeghan Dunn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queensway Carleton Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel James
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Achelle Cortel-LeBlanc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada; 360 Concussion Care, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queensway Carleton Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zhang Y, Huang W, Pan S, Shan Z, Zhou Y, Gan Q, Xiao Z. New management strategies for primary headache disorders: Insights from P4 medicine. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22285. [PMID: 38053857 PMCID: PMC10694333 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary headache disorder is the main cause of headache attacks, leading to significant disability and impaired quality of life. This disorder is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous condition with a complex network of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. However, the timely diagnosis and effective treatment of these headaches remain challenging. Precision medicine is a potential strategy based on P4 (predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory) medicine that may bring new insights for headache care. Recent machine learning advances and widely available molecular biology and imaging data have increased the usefulness of this medical strategy. Precision medicine emphasizes classifying headaches according to their risk factors, clinical presentation, and therapy responsiveness to provide individualized headache management. Furthermore, early preventive strategies, mainly utilizing predictive tools, are critical in reducing headache attacks and improving the quality of life of individuals with headaches. The current review comprehensively discusses the potential application value of P4 medicine in headache management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Songqing Pan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhengming Shan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Quan Gan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zheman Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Di Antonio S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Ponzano M, Bovis F, Torelli P, Finocchi C, Castaldo M. Trigeminocervical pain sensitivity during the migraine cycle depends on headache frequency. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:4021-4032. [PMID: 37308781 PMCID: PMC10260380 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experimental study aimed to assess pain sensitivity in low-frequency episodic migraine (LFEM), high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM), and chronic migraine (CM) patients across the different phases of the migraine cycle. METHOD In this observational, experimental study, clinical characteristics (diary and time from the last/next headache attack), and quantitative sensory testing (QST) (wind-up pain ratio (WUR) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) from the trigeminal area and PPT from the cervical spine) was performed. LFEM, HFEM, and CM were assessed in each of the 4 migraine phases (HFEM and LFEM: interictal, preictal, ictal, and postictal; CM: interictal and ictal) and compared vs. each other's (matched for the phase) and controls. RESULTS A total of 56 controls, 105 LFEM, 74 HFEM, and 32 CM were included. No differences in QST parameters were observed between LFEM, HFEM, and CM in any of the phases. During the interictal phase and when comparing with controls the following were found: 1) LFEM had lower trigeminal PPT (p = 0.001) and 2) lower cervical PPT (p = 0.001). No differences were observed between HFEM or CM and healthy controls. During the ictal phase and when comparing with controls the following were found: HFEM and CM had 1) lower trigeminal PPTs (HFEM p = 0.001; CM = p < 0.001), 2) lower cervical PPT s (HFEM p = 0.007; CM p < 0.001), and 3) higher trigeminal WUR (HFEM p = 0.001, CM p = 0.006). No differences were observed between LFEM and healthy controls. During the preictal phase and when comparing with controls the following were found: 1) LFEM had lower cervical PPT (p = 0.007), 2) HFEM had lower trigeminal (p = 0.013) and 3) HFEM had lower cervical (p = .006) PPTs. During the postictal phase and when comparing with controls the following were found: 1) LFEM had lower cervical PPT (p = 0.003), 2) HFEM had lower trigeminal PPT (p = 0.005), and 3) and HFEM had lower cervical (p = 0.007) PPTs. CONCLUSION This study suggested that HFEM patients have a sensory profile matching CM better than LFEM. When assessing pain sensitivity in migraine populations, the phase with respects to headache attacks is of utmost importance and can explain the inconsistency in pain sensitivity data reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Antonio
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, DK, Denmark
| | - Marta Ponzano
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Bovis
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Torelli
- Headache Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Castaldo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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García-Azorín D, Santana-López L, Lozano-Alonso JE, Ordax-Díez A, González-Osorio Y, Rojo-Rello S, Eiros JM, Sánchez-Martínez J, Recio-García A, Sierra-Mencía Á, Sanz-Muñoz I, Guerrero-Peral ÁL. InfluenCEF study: Clinical phenotype and duration of headache attributed to influenza infection. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024231212900. [PMID: 37950674 DOI: 10.1177/03331024231212900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Headache is a frequent symptom of infections. We aimed to characterize the clinical phenotype and duration of headache attributed to influenza infection. METHODS Prospective cohort study done in 53 primary care centers between January and April 2023. Patients were included if they had a confirmed influenza diagnosis, were older than 15 years and had a new-onset headache. Patients' demographics, prior medical history, headache phenotype and duration, associated symptoms and patients' outcomes were assessed. The International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for headache attributed to a systemic viral infection, migraine and tension-type headache were assessed. RESULTS Of the 478 patients 75 fulfilled eligibility criteria. The mean age was 43, 56% were men, and 27% had a prior headache history. The headache phenotype was a bilateral headache (52%), with frontal topography (48%), pressing quality (61%), moderate intensity, rhinorrhea (79%), nasal congestion (76%), and photophobia (59%). All patients fulfilled headache attributed to acute systemic viral infection criteria, 43% fulfilled migraine criteria and 31% tension-type headache criteria. The median duration of the headache was four (Inter-quartile range: two-six) days. CONCLUSION The clinical phenotype of headache attributed to influenza infection was similar to other infections, with more pronounced cranial autonomic symptoms. The headache was an early symptom and was self-limited within a few days.Trial Registration: The study protocol is registered in ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05704335).
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Azorín
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Santana-López
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Eugenio Lozano-Alonso
- Dirección General de Salud Pública e Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Ordax-Díez
- Dirección General de Salud Pública e Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Yésica González-Osorio
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Rojo-Rello
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José M Eiros
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- National Influenza Centre, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Martínez
- National Influenza Centre, Valladolid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, ICSCYL, Soria, Spain
| | - Andrea Recio-García
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sierra-Mencía
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ivan Sanz-Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- National Influenza Centre, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Guerrero-Peral
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Gómez-Dabó L, Melgarejo-Martínez L, Caronna E, Pozo-Rosich P. Headache in COVID-19 and Long COVID: to Know Facts for Clinical Practice. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:551-560. [PMID: 37665495 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01296-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Headache is one of the most frequent symptoms of the acute and post-acute phase of COVID-19. Specific epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment have been reported in these two scenarios. With this narrative review of the literature, we aim to provide updated knowledge on headache in the COVID-19 setting and give clinicians a practical approach on this topic to guide them in their clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS Headache mechanisms in COVID-19 are still poorly understood. Strong evidence is also lacking on how to best treat and manage these patients, especially those with persistent and disabling headache after COVID-19. Data are also scarce on the characteristics of headache in COVID-19 caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 (Omicron) variants and how these may influence the acute and persistent symptoms of COVID-19. Patients with pre-existing primary headache disorders remain a particularly concerning population due to their biological predisposition in suffering from headaches and the potential risk of worsening in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although there is an exponential growth of scientific evidence, studies are often controversial and focused on the first wave of the pandemic, making COVID-19 headache still a challenging matter for clinicians. New research is therefore needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Dabó
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Melgarejo-Martínez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edoardo Caronna
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ps. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ps. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Chu K, Kelly AM, Keijzers G, Kinnear F, Kuan WS, Graham C, Laribi S, Roberts T, Karamercan M, Cardozo-Ocampo A, Kamona S, Body R, Horner D, Klim S, Brown N, Wijeratne T. Computed tomography brain scan utilization in patients with headache presenting to emergency departments: a multinational study. Eur J Emerg Med 2023; 30:356-364. [PMID: 37310953 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Recommended indications for emergency computed tomography (CT) brain scans are not only complex and evolving, but it is also unknown whether they are being followed in emergency departments (EDs). OBJECTIVE To determine the CT utilization and diagnostic yield in the ED in patients with headaches across broad geographical regions. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from a multinational cross-sectional study of ED headache presentations over one month in 2019. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Hospitals from 10 participating countries were divided into five geographical regions [Australia and New Zealand (ANZ); Colombia; Europe: Belgium, France, UK, and Romania; Hong Kong and Singapore (HKS); and Turkey). Adult patients with nontraumatic headache as the primary presenting complaint were included. Patients were identified from ED management systems. OUTCOME MEASURES AND ANALYSIS The outcome measures were CT utilization and diagnostic yield. CT utilization was calculated using a multilevel binary logistic regression model to account for clustering of patients within hospitals and regions. Imaging data (CT requests and reports) were sourced from radiology management systems. MAIN RESULTS The study included 5281 participants. Median (interquartile range) age was 40 (29-55) years, 66% were women. Overall mean CT utilization was 38.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 30.4-47.4%]. Regional utilization was highest in Europe (46.0%) and lowest in Turkey (28.9%), with HKS (38.0%), ANZ (40.0%), and Colombia (40.8%) in between. Its distribution across hospitals was approximately symmetrical. There was greater variation in CT utilization between hospitals within a region than between regions (hospital variance 0.422, region variance 0.100). Overall mean CT diagnostic yield was 9.9% (95% CI, 8.7-11.3%). Its distribution across hospitals was positively skewed. Regional yield was lower in Europe (5.4%) than in other regions: Colombia (9.1%), HKS (9.7%), Turkey (10.6%), and ANZ (11.2%). There was a weak negative correlation between utilization and diagnostic yield ( r = -0.248). CONCLUSION In this international study, there was a high variation (28.9-46.6%) in CT utilization and diagnostic yield (5.4-11.2%) across broad geographic regions. Europe had the highest utilization and the lowest yield. The study findings provide a foundation to address variation in neuroimaging in ED headache presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chu
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland
| | - Anne-Maree Kelly
- Joseph Epstein Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Western Health, Melbourne
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Gerben Keijzers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast
- School of Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Win Sen Kuan
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Colin Graham
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Said Laribi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Tom Roberts
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Mehmet Karamercan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sinan Kamona
- Adult Emergency Department, Auckland City Hospital
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Body
- Emergency Department, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
- Division of Cardiovascular Science, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Daniel Horner
- Emergency Department, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sharon Klim
- Joseph Epstein Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Western Health, Melbourne
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Nathan Brown
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland
| | - Tissa Wijeratne
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Greige T, Bilello LA, Singleton JM, Edlow JA. Acute headache in pregnant and post-partum patients: A clinical review. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 72:16-19. [PMID: 37451065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Headaches during pregnancy and the post-partum period may be due to either an exacerbation of a pre-existing neurological presentation, a new pregnancy-related process, or a non-pregnancy related condition. Key physiologic changes during pregnancy and the post-partum period contribute to the vulnerability of this patient population and the increased risk of complications. OBJECTIVE OF THE REVIEW Review causes of headaches in pregnant and post-partum patients as well as neuroimaging techniques performed. DISCUSSION Headaches are a common complaint for pregnant and post-partum patients. For pregnant patients, a range of serious causes must be considered including cerebral venous thrombosis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and stroke. Primary headaches are responsible for most post-partum headaches, however other causes also include pre-clampsia, cerebral venous thrombosis and post-dural headache. Determining the optimal imaging technique in this vulnerable population remains a challenge given the scarce guidelines. CONCLUSION The greatest difficulty while evaluating pregnant and post-partum patients presenting with an acute headache in an emergency setting is to determine whether the headache is due to a primary disorder such as migraines or is secondary to an underlying, sometimes serious pathology. The following review explores evidenced-based diagnosis of headache in this particular setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Greige
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Neurology, One Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America.
| | - Leslie A Bilello
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, One Deaconess Rd, 2(nd) Floor, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer M Singleton
- University of Colorado Health Highlands Ranch Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1500 Park Central Drive, Highlands Ranch, CO 80129, United States of America.
| | - Jonathan A Edlow
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, One Deaconess Rd, 2(nd) Floor, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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May A, Evers S, Goadsby PJ, Leone M, Manzoni GC, Pascual J, Carvalho V, Romoli M, Aleksovska K, Pozo-Rosich P, Jensen RH. European Academy of Neurology guidelines on the treatment of cluster headache. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:2955-2979. [PMID: 37515405 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cluster headache is a relatively rare, disabling primary headache disorder with a major impact on patients' quality of life. This work presents evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of cluster headache derived from a systematic review of the literature and consensus among a panel of experts. METHODS The databases PubMed (Medline), Science Citation Index, and Cochrane Library were screened for studies on the efficacy of interventions (last access July 2022). The findings in these studies were evaluated according to the recommendations of the European Academy of Neurology, and the level of evidence was established using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). RECOMMENDATIONS For the acute treatment of cluster headache attacks, there is a strong recommendation for oxygen (100%) with a flow of at least 12 L/min over 15 min and 6 mg subcutaneous sumatriptan. Prophylaxis of cluster headache attacks with verapamil at a daily dose of at least 240 mg (maximum dose depends on efficacy and tolerability) is recommended. Corticosteroids are efficacious in cluster headache. To reach an effect, the use of at least 100 mg prednisone (or equivalent corticosteroid) given orally or at up to 500 mg iv per day over 5 days is recommended. Lithium, topiramate, and galcanezumab (only for episodic cluster headache) are recommended as alternative treatments. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation is efficacious in episodic but not chronic cluster headache. Greater occipital nerve block is recommended, but electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve is not recommended due to the side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne May
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Evers
- Department of Neurology, Lindenbrunn Hospital, Coppenbrügge, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- NIHR King's CRF, SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Leone
- Neuroalgology Department, Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Julio Pascual
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Vanessa Carvalho
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michele Romoli
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rigmor H Jensen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hugger SS, Do TP, Ashina H, Goicochea MT, Jenkins B, Sacco S, Lee MJ, Brennan KC, Amin FM, Steiner TJ, Ashina M. Migraine in older adults. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:934-945. [PMID: 37717587 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is an evolving, and sometimes lifelong disorder. The prevalence of episodic migraine peaks among individuals aged in their late 30s, implying a tendency for the disorder to remit with increasing age thereafter, whereas chronic migraine is more likely to persist into later life. Diagnosis and treatment of migraine in older adults, defined as individuals aged 60 years or older, is rendered more complex by increasing probabilities of atypical clinical features and comorbidities, with patients' comorbidities sometimes limiting their therapeutic options. However, the changing clinical presentation of migraine over an individual's lifespan is not well characterised. The neurobiological basis of remission in older adults remains unclear, although vascular, neuronal, and hormonal changes are likely to be involved. Long-term longitudinal studies of individuals with migraine would be particularly informative, with the potential not only to suggest new research directions, but also to lead to the identification of novel therapeutic agents. Although several novel migraine medications are becoming available, their effectiveness, tolerability, and safety often remain uncertain in older adults, who have commonly been excluded from the evaluation of these agents in randomised controlled trials, or who constitute only a small proportion of study populations. There is a need to recognise these limitations in the available evidence, and the specific, and often unmet, clinical needs of older adults with migraine, not least because older adults constitute an increasing proportion of populations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sonja Hugger
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thien Phu Do
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mi Ji Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K C Brennan
- Headache Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Faisal Mohammad Amin
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy J Steiner
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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Zhao YJ, Idu Jion YB, Ho KH, Wong PS, Lo YL, Chan YC, Ang LL, Yeo SN, Soh SB, Wu TS, Yuan Ong JJ. Approach to headache disorders and the management of migraine: consensus guidelines from the Headache Society of Singapore, first edition (2023). Singapore Med J 2023:386395. [PMID: 37870040 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2022-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Headache disorders, particularly migraine, are one of the most common and disabling neurological disorders. There is a need for high-quality, accessible care for patients with headache disorders across all levels of the healthcare system in Singapore. The role of the Headache Society of Singapore is to increase awareness and advance the understanding of these disorders and to advocate for the needs of affected patients. In this first edition of local consensus guidelines, we focus on treatment approaches for headaches and provide consensus recommendations for the management of migraine in adults. The recommendations in these guidelines can be used as a practical tool in routine clinical practice by primary care physicians, neurologists and other healthcare professionals who have a common interest in headache disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | | | - King Hee Ho
- Ho Neurology Pte Ltd, Gleneagles Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Pei Shieen Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yew Long Lo
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Yee Cheun Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lai Lai Ang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Polyclinics, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Sow Nam Yeo
- The Pain Specialist, Mount Elizabeth Hospital and Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore
| | - Soon Beng Soh
- Primary Care Network, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Tuck Seng Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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35
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Boddu SP, Goodman BP, VanderPluym JH. Headache rounds: Postural headache in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma. Headache 2023; 63:1186-1192. [PMID: 37635384 DOI: 10.1111/head.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayi P Boddu
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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Di Antonio S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Ponzano M, Bovis F, Torelli P, Finocchi C, Castaldo M. Profiling migraine patients according to clinical and psychophysical characteristics: a cluster analysis approach. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2023; 24:1046-1057. [PMID: 37137231 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to profile migraine patients according clinical and psychophysical characteristics. METHOD In this observational study, two cohorts of migraine patients(episodic/chronic) were included. Cohort-1: ictal/perictal phase; Cohort-2: interictal phase.The following variables were assessed: headache frequency; disability; cervical active range of motion(AROM) in flexion, extension, right/left lateral flexion, right/left rotation; pressure-pain threshold(PPT) over: temporalis, two cervical areas(C1/C4 vertebral segments), and two distal pain-free areas(hand/leg). Cluster analysis was performed using the K-means algorithm. Differences across clusters were investigated. RESULTS Cohort-1: 100 patients were included, and two clusters were identified. Cluster-1.1 (19%), Cluster-1.2 (81%). Cluster 1.1 had a higher percentage of men (P = .037) and higher disability (P = .003) compared to Clusters 1.2. Cluster 1.2 had reduced AROM in flexion, extension, and left/right lateral flexion (P < .037), and lower PPT value in all areas (P < .001) compared to Cluster 1.1. Cohort-2: 98 patients were included and three clusters were identified. Cluster-2.1(18%), Cluster-2.2(45%), and Cluster-2.3(37%). Cluster-2.1 had a higher percentage of men compared to clusters-2.2 and 2.3 (P = .009). Cluster-2.3 had higher headache frequency, and disability compared to Cluster-2.2 (P < .006), and higher disability compared to Cluster-2.1 (P = .010). Cluster-2.3 had reduced AROM in all directions compared to Clusters-2.1 and 2.2 (P < .029). Clusters-2.2 and 2.3 have lower PPT values in all areas compared to Cluster-1.1 (P < .001). CONCLUSION In the Ictal/perictal phase, two clusters were identified according to clinical and psychophysical characteristics, with one group showing no psychophysical impairment and one with increased pain-sensitivity and cervical musculoskeletal-dysfunctions.In the interictal phase, three clusters could be identified, with one group showing no psychophysical impairment, one increased pain-sensitivity, and one increased pain sensitivity and cervical musculoskeletal-dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Antonio
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Marta Ponzano
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Francesca Bovis
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Paola Torelli
- Headache Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Cinzia Finocchi
- Headache Centre, IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Matteo Castaldo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
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Wijeratne T, Wijeratne C, Korajkic N, Bird S, Sales C, Riederer F. Secondary headaches - red and green flags and their significance for diagnostics. eNeurologicalSci 2023; 32:100473. [PMID: 37456555 PMCID: PMC10339125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2023.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A small percentage of patients suffer from a secondary headache syndrome. It is imperative that clinicians are able to differentiate primary headache syndromes from secondary headache syndromes, as failure to do so significantly worsens morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in our understanding of pathobiological mechanisms offer useful information on these enigmatic disorders. We now understand that the causes of secondary headache syndromes can vary significantly - these may be infectious, inflammatory, vascular, traumatic or structural in origin. A well-taken history and targeted physical examination coupled with appropriate investigations can enable these syndromes to be recognized consistently and thus allow their timely and appropriate treatment. Along with their epidemiology, some of their key characteristics shall thus be discussed in this review so as to aid the busy clinician at the bedside. Red flags including sudden onset, high pain intensity, pattern of change of a preexisting headache, focal neurological signs or seizure, systemic signs and precipitation by physical activity can guide the clinician to suspect a secondary headache. Importantly a preexisting headache is not an exclusion of a secondary headache - it might even be a predisposition in certain cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tissa Wijeratne
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Western Health & University Melbourne, AIMSS, Level Three, WHCRE, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rajarata, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Chanith Wijeratne
- Monash Medical School, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Migraine Foundation & Australian Institute of Migraine, 522, Bell Street, Pascoe Vale South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadja Korajkic
- Department of Neurology, Western Health & University Melbourne, AIMSS, Level Three, WHCRE, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans 3021, Australia
| | - Stefanie Bird
- Department of Neurology, Western Health & University Melbourne, AIMSS, Level Three, WHCRE, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans 3021, Australia
- Migraine Foundation & Australian Institute of Migraine, 522, Bell Street, Pascoe Vale South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmela Sales
- Department of Neurology, Western Health & University Melbourne, AIMSS, Level Three, WHCRE, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans 3021, Australia
| | - Franz Riederer
- Department of Neurology, Clinic Hietzing and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Siverling S, Schultz P. A Multimodal Conservative Approach to Treating Migraine: A Physical Therapist's Perspective. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2023; 27:329-337. [PMID: 37515744 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Migraine is common and interventions to treat or manage it vary. Physical therapists possess a varied skill set that can assess and treat limitations related to migraine and its symptoms. Conservative and non-pharmacological examination and treatment techniques for migraine and headache management are reviewed in terms of efficacy and relevance in order to describe the physical therapist's abilities and clinical reasoning process when confronting a patient with migraine symptoms. RECENT FINDINGS A thorough examination is necessary to detect red flags and will reveal a person with migraine's biopsychosocial limitations to manage their symptoms. Strength, endurance, cervical mobility, and visual deficits are common in those reporting headaches and examination techniques, along with patient-reported outcome measures, can elicit objective data for re-assessment during an episode of care. Exercise interventions, manual therapy, biofeedback techniques, and vestibular therapy have become viable and efficacious non-pharmacological interventions in recent years to assist the patient with managing and mitigating their migraine symptoms, along with mindfulness-based exercises. A case study, with individualized treatment approaches based on examination findings, current evidence, and accrued expertise, demonstrates the clinical applicability of a physical therapist's multimodal approach to treating migraine. Psychologically- informed physical therapy with mindfulness-based approaches and biofeedback can help a patient gain more control over their symptoms and their body's response to head pain, while exercise and vestibular therapy can assist the system with recovery and adaptation from deficits related to migraine symptoms. A thorough examination, with an individually- tailored rehabilitation plan incorporating movement and mindfulness-based therapies, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Siverling
- Clinical Lead, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, NY, 10021, New York City, USA.
- Adjunct Faculty, Tufts University School of Medicine Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Adjunct Instructor, Rutgers School of Health Professions Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, 65 Bergen St Ste 120, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA.
| | - Peter Schultz
- Clinical Lead, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, NY, 10021, New York City, USA
- Physical Therapist/Owner, Dynamic Sports PT, 6 E 39th St Ste 504, NY, 10016, New York City, USA
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Toker RT, Mutlucan IO, Tanrıverdi C, Demir AB. MRI findings in children with migraine or tension-type headache. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:435. [PMID: 37649015 PMCID: PMC10466742 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Migraine and tension-type headache are common primary headaches in children. There is a risk of developing secondary headache in children. The current study was aimed to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging findings (MRI) in children with migraine or tension-type headache. METHODS The study was planned in children with migraine or tension-type headaches who have been followed up in the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic with regular office visits for at least two years and had neuroimaging in the last year. RESULTS 280 patients (187 female patients) datas were studied. 91 (61 female patients) were followed up with the diagnosis of migraine and 189 (126 female patients) with the diagnosis of tension-type headaches. The age of patients was found to be 13.1 ± 3.4 years. Brain tumor was found in one child with tension-type headache who had papilledema. Incidental MRI findings found 7.7% and 12.7% in migraine and tension-type headache, respectively. MRI findings in the study were arachnoid cyst (14), pituitary adenoma (6), mega cisterna magna (6), pineal cyst (3), non-specific gliosis (2) and tumor (1). CONCLUSION Arachnoid cysts were found incidental as the most common MRI finding in children with migraine or tension-type headache. The rare life-threatening secondary headache may develop in children. The fundus examination as a complement to the neurological examination can be useful for requesting MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Tütüncü Toker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa City Training and Research Hospital, Doganköy, Nilüfer, Bursa, +90 506 366, 3796 Turkey
| | - Ilknur Ozdeniz Mutlucan
- Department of Radiology, Ilknur Ozdeniz Mutlucan, University of Health Sciences, Bursa City Training and Research Hospital, Radiologist, Bursa, Turkey
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Zhang P. Which headache disorders can be diagnosed concurrently? An analysis of ICHD3 criteria using prime encoding system. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1221209. [PMID: 37670775 PMCID: PMC10475541 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1221209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Real-life headache presentations may fit more than one ICHD3 diagnosis. This project seeks to exhaustively list all logically consistent "co-diagnoses" according to the ICHD3 criteria. We limited our project to cases of two concurrent diagnoses. Methods We included the criteria for "Migraine" (1.1, 1.2, 1.3), "Tension-type headache" (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4), "Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias" (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5), and "Other primary headache disorders." We also excluded "probable" diagnosis criteria. Each characteristic in the above criteria is assigned a unique prime number. We then encoded each ICHD3 criteria into integers through multiplication in a list format; we called these criteria representations. "Codiagnoses representations" were generated by multiplying all possible pairings of criteria representations. We then manually encoded a list of logically inconsistent characteristics through multiplication. All co-diagnoses representations divisible by any inconsistency representations were filtered out, generating a list of co-diagnoses representations that were logically consistent. This list was then translated back into ICHD3 diagnoses. Results We used a total of 103 prime numbers to encode 578 ICHD3 criteria. Once illogical characteristics were excluded, we obtained 145 dual diagnoses. Of the dual diagnoses, two contained intersecting characteristics due to subset relationships, 14 contained intersecting characteristics without subset relationships, and 129 contained dual diagnoses as a result of non-intersecting characteristics. Conclusion Analysis of dual diagnosis in headaches offers insight into "loopholes" in the ICHD3 as well as a potential explanation for the source of a number of controversies regarding headache disorders. The existence of dual diagnoses and their identification may carry implications for future developments and testing of machine-learning diagnostic algorithms for headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert University Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Schytz HW, Hvedstrup J. Evaluating Headache and Facial Pain in a Headache Diagnostic Laboratory: Experiences from the Danish Headache Center. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2671. [PMID: 37627930 PMCID: PMC10452981 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic tests are not routinely used for the diagnosis of primary headaches. It is possible that laboratory tests could be developed and implemented at tertiary headache centers to be an integrated part of the diagnosis and management of headache patients, and laboratory tests that can be used on-site at headache centers could help in evaluating patients with secondary headache disorders. METHODS In this narrative review, we present some of the studies that have been made so far at the Headache Diagnostic Laboratory at the Danish Headache Center that aim to investigate and phenotype primary headaches and investigate secondary headaches as well as improve management. RESULTS Semi-structured interviews and deep phenotyping, quantitative sensory testing, and provocation studies have been shown to be valuable in categorizing primary and secondary headache subtypes, possible pathophysiology, and defining needs for further research. In patients suspected of increased intracranial pressure, transorbital ultrasound with measurement of the optic sheath diameter may be useful in monitoring patients. The management of headache patients needs to be critically evaluated to optimize treatment continuously. CONCLUSION A Headache Diagnostic Laboratory is very useful and should be an integrated part of headache care and management at tertiary headache centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Winter Schytz
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansen Vej 5, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Hvedstrup
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansen Vej 5, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
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Di Antonio S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Ponzano M, Bovis F, Torelli P, Pelosin E, Finocchi C, Castaldo M. Migraine patients with and without neck pain: Differences in clinical characteristics, sensitization, musculoskeletal impairments, and psychological burden. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2023; 66:102800. [PMID: 37344290 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to assess differences in clinical characteristics across healthy controls and migraine patients with (MNP) and without (MwoNP) neck pain. METHOD This study assessed: headache frequency; headache disability index (HDI); central sensitization inventory (CSI); Hospital Anxiety (HADS-A) and Depression (HADS-D) scale; active range of motion (AROM); flexion rotation test (FRT); activation pressure score (APS); number of active/latent myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in head/neck muscles; number of positive cervical vertebral segments (C1/C2) who reproduce migraine pain; wind-up ratio (WUR); mechanical pain threshold (MPT) and static pressure pain threshold (sPPT) over the trigeminal area; sPPT and dynamic PPT (dPPT) over the cervical area; sPPTs and MPT over the hand. RESULTS Compared to controls, MNP had: worse CSI, HADS-A, and HADS-D (all, p < 0.002); reduced AROM (flexion, extension, left lateral-flexion, and right-rotation), FRT, APS, and a higher number of MTrPs and positive cervical vertebral segments (all, p < 0.020); reduced trigeminal MPT and sPPT, cervical sPPT and dPPT, hand MPT and sPPT (all, p < 0.006). Compared to controls, MwoNP had: worse CSI, and HADS-A (all, p < 0.002); reduced AROM (flexion, and left lateral-flexion), FRT, APS, and a higher number of MTrPs and positive cervical vertebral segments (all, p < 0.017); reduced trigeminal MPT and cervical dPPT (all, p < 0.007). Compared to MwoNP, MNP had higher headache frequency, worse HDI and CSI (all, p < 0.006); reduced AROM (flexion, and right rotation) (all, p < 0.037); reduced cervical dPPT (all, p < 0.002). CONCLUSION MNP had worse headache characteristics, more pronounced cervical musculoskeletal impairments, enhanced signs and symptoms related to sensitization, and worse psychological burden compared to MwoNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Antonio
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Ponzano
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Bovis
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Torelli
- Headache Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Finocchi
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Castaldo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Pain and Neuroplasticity (CNAP), SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Rabady S, Hoffmann K, Aigner M, Altenberger J, Brose M, Costa U, Denk-Linnert DM, Gruber S, Götzinger F, Helbok R, Hüfner K, Koczulla R, Kurz K, Lamprecht B, Leis S, Löffler J, Müller CA, Rittmannsberger H, Rommer PS, Sator P, Strenger V, Struhal W, Untersmayr E, Vonbank K, Wancata J, Weber T, Wendler M, Zwick RH. [S1 guidelines for the management of postviral conditions using the example of post-COVID-19]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:525-598. [PMID: 37555900 PMCID: PMC10504206 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
These S1 guidelines are an updated and expanded version of the S1 guidelines on long COVID differential diagnostic and management strategies. They summarize the state of knowledge on postviral conditions like long/post COVID at the time of writing. Due to the dynamic nature of knowledge development, they are intended to be "living guidelines". The focus is on practical applicability at the level of primary care, which is understood to be the appropriate place for initial access and for primary care and treatment. The guidelines provide recommendations on the course of treatment, differential diagnostics of the most common symptoms that can result from infections like with SARS-CoV-2, treatment options, patient management and care, reintegration and rehabilitation. The guidelines have been developed through an interdisciplinary and interprofessional process and provide recommendations on interfaces and possibilities for collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rabady
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich.
| | - Kathryn Hoffmann
- Leiterin der Abteilung Primary Care Medicine, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Martin Aigner
- Abteilung für Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Johann Altenberger
- Pensionsversicherungsanstalt, Rehabilitationszentrum Großgmain, Salzburger Str. 520, 5084, Großgmain, Österreich
| | - Markus Brose
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Ursula Costa
- Ergotherapie und Handlungswissenschaft, fhg - Zentrum für Gesundheitsberufe Tirol GmbH/fh, Innrain 98, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Doris-Maria Denk-Linnert
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Klin. Abteilung Phoniatrie-Logopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Samuel Gruber
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Florian Götzinger
- Abteilung für Kinderheilkunde, Klinik Ottakring, Montleartstr. 37, 1160, Wien, Österreich
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Standort Neuromed Campus & Med Campus Kepler Universitätsklinikum GmbH, 4020, Linz, Österreich
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Dep. für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Rembert Koczulla
- Fachbereich Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35035, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, 4020, Linz, Österreich
| | - Stefan Leis
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie der PMU, MME Universitätsklinikum Salzburg Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Ignaz-Harrer-Str. 79, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Judith Löffler
- Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Christian A Müller
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Klin. Abteilung für Allgemeine HNO, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | | | - Paulus S Rommer
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Paul Sator
- Dermatologische Abteilung, Klinik Hietzing, Wolkersbergenstr. 1, 1130, Wien, Österreich
| | - Volker Strenger
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeinpädiatrie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Graz, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Walter Struhal
- Klinische Abteilung für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Tulln, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Alter Ziegelweg 10, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Österreich
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institut für Pathophysiologie und Allergieforschung Zentrum für Pathophysiologie, Infektiologie und Immunologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Karin Vonbank
- Klinische Abteilung für Pulmologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Johannes Wancata
- Klinische Abteilung für Sozialpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Thomas Weber
- Kardiologische Abteilung Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Grieskirchnerstr. 42, 4600, Wels, Österreich
| | | | - Ralf-Harun Zwick
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Kurbadstr. 14, 1100, Wien, Österreich
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Park SY, Kim J. Characteristics of patients who visited emergency departments for headache in South Korea: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Headache 2023; 63:795-804. [PMID: 37140127 DOI: 10.1111/head.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the characteristics of adult patients who visit emergency departments (EDs) for non-traumatic headache in South Korea. BACKGROUND Little is known about East Asian patients who visit EDs for headache. METHODS This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed 2019 National Emergency Department Information System data, including age, sex, co-occurring fever, symptom duration, insurance type, transportation mode, ED level, triage level, ED visit time, specialist consultations at the ED, disposition from the ED, and outcomes. The proportion of patients with a life-threatening secondary headache and the diagnostic codes were investigated. RESULTS A total of 227,288 patients were observed in this study, accounting for 2.2% (227,288/10,238,360) of all ED visits. Females (63.1%; 143,493/227,288) visited EDs more than males, and patients aged 50-60 years (21.0%; 47,637/227,288) visited most frequently. A total of 61.5% (93,789/151,494) of ED visits were within 24 h after headache onset, and 57.6% (131,056/227,288) of visits were assigned to non-urgent triage levels. The most frequent discharge codes were "R51: Headache (not better specified)" from the ED and ward, and "I60: Subarachnoid hemorrhage" from the intensive care unit. The rate of migraine diagnosis was 7.2% (16,471/227,288). A total of 3.1% (7153/227,288) of patients were diagnosed with life-threatening secondary headaches, most commonly subarachnoid hemorrhage (1.2%; 2744/227,288) and cerebral infarction (0.6%; 1341/227,288). CONCLUSIONS In South Korea, the characteristics of patients who visited the ED for non-traumatic headache were not very different from those in existing studies; however, patients tended to visit EDs early and be classified as non-urgent, and emergency physicians tended to enter the diagnosis code "R51: Headache (not better specified)", resulting in a much lower rate of migraine diagnoses. Non-urgent early visitors coded with "R51" may include those who have not yet been diagnosed with primary headache and have not been treated, but who need further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Neurology and Sleep Disorder Center, Bio Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
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Han X, Wan D, Zhang S, Yin Z, Huang S, Xie F, Guo J, Qu H, Yao Y, Xu H, Li D, Chen S, Wang F, Wang H, Chen C, He Q, Dong M, Wan Q, Xu Y, Chen M, Yan F, Wang X, Wang R, Zhang M, Ran Y, Jia Z, Liu Y, Chen X, Hou L, Zhao D, Dong Z, Yu S. Verification of a clinical decision support system for the diagnosis of headache disorders based on patient-computer interactions: a multi-center study. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:57. [PMID: 37217887 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although headache disorders are common, the current diagnostic approach is unsatisfactory. Previously, we designed a guideline-based clinical decision support system (CDSS 1.0) for diagnosing headache disorders. However, the system requires doctors to enter electronic information, which may limit widespread use. METHODS In this study, we developed the updated CDSS 2.0, which handles clinical information acquisition via human-computer conversations conducted on personal mobile devices in an outpatient setting. We tested CDSS 2.0 at headache clinics in 16 hospitals in 14 provinces of China. RESULTS Of the 653 patients recruited, 18.68% (122/652) were suspected by specialists to have secondary headaches. According to "red-flag" responses, all these participants were warned of potential secondary risks by CDSS 2.0. For the remaining 531 patients, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of assessments made using only electronic data firstly. In Comparison A, the system correctly recognized 115/129 (89.15%) cases of migraine without aura (MO), 32/32 (100%) cases of migraine with aura (MA), 10/10 (100%) cases of chronic migraine (CM), 77/95 (81.05%) cases of probable migraine (PM), 11/11 (100%) cases of infrequent episodic tension-type headache (iETTH), 36/45 (80.00%) cases of frequent episodic tension-type headache (fETTH), 23/25 (92.00%) cases of chronic tension-type headache (CTTH), 53/60 (88.33%) cases of probable tension-type headache (PTTH), 8/9 (88.89%) cases of cluster headache (CH), 5/5 (100%) cases of new daily persistent headache (NDPH), and 28/29 (96.55%) cases of medication overuse headache (MOH). In Comparison B, after combining outpatient medical records, the correct recognition rates of MO (76.03%), MA (96.15%), CM (90%), PM (75.29%), iETTH (88.89%), fETTH (72.73%), CTTH (95.65%), PTTH (79.66%), CH (77.78%), NDPH (80%), and MOH (84.85%) were still satisfactory. A patient satisfaction survey indicated that the conversational questionnaire was very well accepted, with high levels of satisfaction reported by 852 patients. CONCLUSIONS The CDSS 2.0 achieved high diagnostic accuracy for most primary and some secondary headaches. Human-computer conversation data were well integrated into the diagnostic process, and the system was well accepted by patients. The follow-up process and doctor-client interactions will be future areas of research for the development of CDSS for headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dongjun Wan
- Department of Neurology, The 940Th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ziming Yin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Siyang Huang
- AffaMed Therapeutics, Suite 4501, Tower A, Guomao, No. 1 Jianguomenwai Avenue, Beijing, 100004, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Fengbo Xie
- AffaMed Therapeutics, Suite 4501, Tower A, Guomao, No. 1 Jianguomenwai Avenue, Beijing, 100004, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongli Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanrong Yao
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Province People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Sufen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, 317200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Chunfu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qiu He
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110067, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, 130031, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Dingyuan General Hospital, Chuzhou, 233290, Anhui, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fanhong Yan
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Jinluo Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Rongfei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ye Ran
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhihua Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dengfa Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
- International Headache Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Baroni C, Potito J, Perticone ME, Orausclio P, Luna CM. How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae? Viruses 2023; 15:v15051173. [PMID: 37243259 DOI: 10.3390/v15051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT We reviewed what has been studied and published during the last 3 years about the consequences, mainly respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric (organic and functional), in patients with COVID-19 of prolonged course. OBJECTIVE To conduct a narrative review synthesizing current clinical evidence of abnormalities of signs, symptoms, and complementary studies in COVID-19 patients who presented a prolonged and complicated course. METHODS A review of the literature focused on the involvement of the main organic functions mentioned, based almost exclusively on the systematic search of publications written in English available on PubMed/MEDLINE. RESULTS Long-term respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric dysfunction are present in a significant number of patients. Lung involvement is the most common; cardiovascular involvement may happen with or without symptoms or clinical abnormalities; gastrointestinal compromise includes the loss of appetite, nausea, gastroesophageal reflux, diarrhea, etc.; and neurological/psychiatric compromise can produce a wide variety of signs and symptoms, either organic or functional. Vaccination is not associated with the emergence of long-COVID, but it may happen in vaccinated people. CONCLUSIONS The severity of illness increases the risk of long-COVID. Pulmonary sequelae, cardiomyopathy, the detection of ribonucleic acid in the gastrointestinal tract, and headaches and cognitive impairment may become refractory in severely ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Baroni
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120 AAF, Argentina
| | - Jorge Potito
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120 AAF, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Perticone
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120 AAF, Argentina
| | - Paola Orausclio
- Department of Radiology, Centro Rossi, Buenos Aires C1035 ABC, Argentina
| | - Carlos Marcelo Luna
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120 AAF, Argentina
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Rizzo SA, Flanagan EP, Trejo-Lopez JA, Toledano M, Chia NH. Clinical Reasoning: New-Onset Diplopia and Headache in a Patient With Metastatic Breast Cancer. Neurology 2023; 100:927-931. [PMID: 36805434 PMCID: PMC10186217 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000206856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Skylar A Rizzo
- From the Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program (S.A.R.); Department of Neurology (E.P.F., M.T., N.H.C.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., J.A.T.-L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eoin P Flanagan
- From the Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program (S.A.R.); Department of Neurology (E.P.F., M.T., N.H.C.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., J.A.T.-L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jorge A Trejo-Lopez
- From the Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program (S.A.R.); Department of Neurology (E.P.F., M.T., N.H.C.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., J.A.T.-L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michel Toledano
- From the Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program (S.A.R.); Department of Neurology (E.P.F., M.T., N.H.C.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., J.A.T.-L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Nicholas H Chia
- From the Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program (S.A.R.); Department of Neurology (E.P.F., M.T., N.H.C.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., J.A.T.-L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Tana C, Azorin DG, Cinetto F, Mantini C, Tana M, Caulo M, Ricci F, Martelletti P, Cipollone F, Giamberardino MA. Common Clinical and Molecular Pathways between Migraine and Sarcoidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098304. [PMID: 37176011 PMCID: PMC10179000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine and sarcoidosis are two distinct medical conditions that may have some common biological and clinical pathways. Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs, including the lungs, skin, cardiovascular system, lymph nodes, and brain. Migraine is a common comorbidity in sarcoidosis patients and a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. There have been several reports of individuals with neurosarcoidosis experiencing migraines, though the exact relationship between the two disorders is not well understood. Both conditions have been associated with inflammation and the activation of the immune system. In sarcoidosis, the formation of granulomas is thought to be an immune response to the presence of an unknown antigen. Similarly, the pain and other symptoms associated with migraines are thought to be caused by inflammation in the brain and the surrounding blood vessels. There is also evidence to suggest an interplay of environmental and genetic factors playing a role in both conditions, but evidence is inconsistent with the hypothesis of shared genetic susceptibility. This review aims to illustrate common clinical and biological pathways between migraine and sarcoidosis, including inflammation and dysregulation of the immune system, with a focus on the cumulative burden of concurrent disorders and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tana
- Center of Excellence on Headache, Geriatrics and COVID-19 Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - David Garcia Azorin
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francesco Cinetto
- Rare Diseases Referral Center, Internal Medicine 1, Ca' Foncello Hospital-AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana and Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Mantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Tana
- 2nd Internal Medicine Unit, SS. Medical Department, SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- University Cardiology Division, Heart Department, SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Adele Giamberardino
- Center of Excellence on Headache, Geriatrics and COVID-19 Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Yalinay Dikmen P, Ozge A, Martelletti P. The use of clinical scales and PROMs in headache disorders and migraine, summarizing their dissemination and operationalization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16187. [PMID: 37251845 PMCID: PMC10220237 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurements are an essential aspect of scientific research. This review will present clinical scales and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for headache disorders and migraine that have been endorsed by the International Headache Society (IHS) and are intended for use by both physicians and researchers. A clinical scale is a tool to assess a patient's condition or symptoms in a standardized and quantifiable way. Clinical scales are often used in research settings and can be used to track a patient's progress over time, monitor the effectiveness of treatment, and make decisions. They can be self-administered or completed by a healthcare professional. PROMs are tools used to evaluate a patient's health status, symptoms, and quality of life. These measures are completed by the patient and provide valuable information about the patient's perspective and experience of their condition. PROMs are increasingly used in clinical practice and research to improve patient-centered care, patient engagement, and shared decision-making. This review also briefly covers the creation process, testing for reliability and validity, and interpreting the results of the use of clinical scales and PROMs in clinical and research settings in headache disorders. The first step in creating a clinical scale or PROM is to define the purpose of the scale and the population it is intended to assess. The next step is to identify the domains or areas that the scale will assess. Then, the items or questions that will be included in the scale need to be developed. These items should be relevant to the defined purpose and population of the scale and should be worded clearly and concisely. After the items have been developed, the scale or PROM can be administered to a sample of individuals in the target population. This allows researchers to assess the reliability and validity of the scale or PROM, as well as to make any necessary revisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Yalinay Dikmen
- Department of Neurology, Acıbadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aynur Ozge
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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50
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Utukuri PS, Shih RY, Ajam AA, Callahan KE, Chen D, Dunkle JW, Hunt CH, Ivanidze J, Ledbetter LN, Lee RK, Malu O, Pannell JS, Pollock JM, Potrebic SX, Setzen M, Shih RD, Soares BP, Staudt MD, Wang LL, Burns J. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Headache: 2022 Update. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:S70-S93. [PMID: 37236753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Headache is an ancient problem plaguing a large proportion of the population. At present, headache disorders rank third among the global causes of disability, accounting for over $78 billion per year in direct and indirect costs in the United States. Given the prevalence of headache and the wide range of possible etiologies, the goal of this document is to help clarify the most appropriate initial imaging guidelines for headache for eight clinical scenarios/variants, which range from acute onset, life-threatening etiologies to chronic benign scenarios. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Y Shih
- Panel Chair, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Kathryn E Callahan
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina; American Geriatrics Society
| | - Doris Chen
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, Primary care physician
| | - Jeffrey W Dunkle
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Committee on Emergency Radiology-GSER
| | - Christopher H Hunt
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Commission on Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | | | | | - Ryan K Lee
- Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Omojo Malu
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia; American Academy of Family Physicians
| | | | | | - Sonja X Potrebic
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, California; American Academy of Neurology
| | - Michael Setzen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Richard D Shih
- Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; American College of Emergency Physicians
| | - Bruno P Soares
- The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Michael D Staudt
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan; American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons
| | - Lily L Wang
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Judah Burns
- Specialty Chair, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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