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Liu XY, Chen XB, Wen YL, Guo XP, Zhou XB. Effect of psychological nursing intervention combined with acupressure on postoperative recovery of women after cesarean section. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4527-4535. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i21.4527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological intervention nursing (PIN) has been considered to have a curative effect on cesarean section (CS) postoperative recovery. However, the therapeutic mechanisms remain obscure.
AIM To explore the effects of PIN combined with acupressure massage on CS postoperative recovery.
METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 150 pregnant women admitted to an obstetrics department between January 2020 and January 2023. The control group (CG) received acupressure therapy (n = 73), and the intervention group (IG) received acupressure therapy and PIN therapy (n = 77). Postoperative recovery time was assessed by anal-exhausting, defecation, bed activity, breastfeeding, and hospital stay times. Adverse effects, including infection, bleeding, limb numbness, intrauterine hematoma, urinary retention, and venous thromboembolism, were recorded. the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain. Anxiety and depression status were qualitatively assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS). The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to compare sleep quality between the groups.
RESULTS The baseline data and SAS, SDS, EPDS, and PSQI scores did not significantly differ before CS (P > 0.05) and neither did complication rates between the two groups after CS (P > 0.05). However, anal-exhausting, defecation, waking up, breastfeeding, and hospitalization times were significantly shorter for participants in the IG than those for participants in the CG (P < 0.05). The VAS, SAS, SDS, EPDS, and PSQI scores of the IG were significantly lower than those of the CG (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION PIN, combined with acupressure massage, effectively promotes maternal recovery, reduces post-CS pain, and improves postoperative negative emotions and sleeping quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - You-Liang Wen
- Rehabilitation Therapy Teaching and Research Office, Rehabilitation College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhou
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
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Luxey X, Lemoine A, Dewinter G, Joshi GP, Le Ray C, Raeder J, Van de Velde M, Bonnet MP. Acute pain management after vaginal delivery with perineal tears or episiotomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2024:rapm-2024-105478. [PMID: 38772634 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2024-105478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaginal delivery may be associated with acute postpartum pain, particularly after perineal trauma. However, pain management in this setting remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature and to develop recommendations for pain management after a vaginal delivery with perineal trauma. EVIDENCE REVIEW MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews assessing pain after a vaginal delivery with perineal tears or episiotomy until March 2023. Cochrane Covidence quality assessment generic tool and the RoB Vis 2 tool were used to grade the quality of evidence. FINDINGS Overall, 79 studies (69 RCTs and 10 systematic reviews and meta-analyses) of good quality of evidence were included. Acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended as first-line treatment. Epidural morphine (≤2 mg) is recommended among women with labor epidural analgesia and severe perineal tears, with adequate respiratory monitoring. Local anesthetic infiltration, topical local anesthetic, ointment application, and pudendal nerve block are not recommended due to insufficient or lack of evidence. Ice or chemical cold packs are recommended for postpartum pain first-line treatment due to their simplicity of use. Transcutaneous nerve stimulation and acupuncture are recommended as adjuvants. When a perineal suture is indicated, a continuous suture compared with an interrupted suture for the repair of episiotomy or second-degree perineal tears is recommended for the outcome of pain. For women with first-degree or second-degree perineal tears, no suturing or glue compared with suturing is recommended for the outcome of pain. CONCLUSIONS Postpartum pain management after a vaginal delivery with perineal trauma should include acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and ice or chemical cold packs. Epidural morphine should be reserved for severe perineal tears. A surgical repair technique should depend on perineal tear severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Luxey
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, DMU DREAM, AP-HP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Hôpital de la Timone service d'anesthésie réanimation 1, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Adrien Lemoine
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Tenon Hospital, DMU DREAM, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Geertrui Dewinter
- Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Girish P Joshi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Camille Le Ray
- Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital, Université Paris Cité, APHP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Centre for Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, INSERM, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Johan Raeder
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc Van de Velde
- Biomedical Sciences Group, department of cardiovascular sciences, Department of anesthesiolgy, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Bonnet
- Centre for Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, INSERM, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Armand Trousseau Hospital, DMU DREAM, GRC29, Sorbonne University, APHP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
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Huang L, Hu N, Jiang L, Xiong X, Shi J, Chen D. Appraisal of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements on obstetric anaesthesia: a systematic review using the AGREE II instrument. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084759. [PMID: 38806417 PMCID: PMC11138284 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the publication of hundreds of trials on obstetric anaesthesia, the management of these conditions remains suboptimal. We aimed to assess the quality and consistency of guidance documents for obstetric anaesthesia. DESIGN This is a systematic review and quality assessment using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II methodology. DATA SOURCES Data sources include PubMed and Embase (8 June 2023), three Chinese academic databases, six guideline databases (7 June 2023) and Google and Google scholar (1 August 2023). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included the latest version of international and national/regional clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements for the anaesthetic management of pregnant patients during labour, non-operative delivery, operative delivery and selected aspects of perioperative monitoring, postpartum care and analgesia, published in English or Chinese. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently screened the searched items and extracted data. Four reviewers independently scored documents using AGREE II. Recommendations from all documents were tabulated and visualised in a coloured grid. RESULTS Twenty-two guidance documents (14 clinical practice guidelines and 8 consensus statements) were included. Included documents performed well in the domains of scope and purpose (median 76.4%, IQR 69.4%-79.2%) and clarity of presentation (median 72.2%, IQR 61.1%-80.6%), but were unsatisfactory in applicability (median 21.9%, IQR 13.5%-27.1%) and editorial independence (median 47.9%, IQR 6.3%-73.2%). The majority of obstetric anaesthesia guidelines or consensus centred on different topics. Less than 30% of them specifically addressed the management of obstetric anaesthesia perioperatively. Recommendations were concordant on the perioperative preparation, and on some indications for the choice of anaesthesia method. Substantially different recommendations were provided for some items, especially for preoperative blood type and screen, and for the types and doses of neuraxial administration. CONCLUSIONS The methodological quality in guidance documents for obstetric anaesthesia necessitates enhancement. Despite numerous trials in this area, evidence gaps persist for specific clinical queries in this field. One potential approach to mitigate these challenges involves the endorsement of standardised guidance development methods and the synthesis of robust clinical evidence, aimed at diminishing difference in recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinglong Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dongxu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cadd M, Jackson P, Ewnetu B. Ondansetron for the Prevention of Pruritus in Women Undergoing Cesarean Delivery With Intrathecal Opioid: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Anesth Analg 2024; 138:70-84. [PMID: 37167702 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruritus is a frequently reported and unpleasant side effect following intrathecal opioid use with frequency further increased among parturients. We have performed a systematic review to assess the overall efficacy of ondansetron for the prevention of pruritus in patients receiving intrathecal opioid as part of spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. METHODS A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was conducted from date of inception to September 2022. Studies that included patients undergoing cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia using intrathecal opioid were included. The primary outcome was the presence of pruritus, and the secondary outcome was time to onset of pruritus. Data from included studies were pooled for analysis using an appropriately determined random-effects model. Outcomes were presented using forest plots and 95% confidence intervals. Additional sensitivity and subgroup analysis were performed. Trial sequential analysis was conducted for the primary outcome. RESULTS Twenty-three randomized controlled trials with a total of 2586 patients were included: 1219 received ondansetron, 1030 received a placebo, and a further 337 received a different study drug and were excluded from analysis. Opioids used in the included studies were morphine, fentanyl, and sufentanil. Patients who received ondansetron showed a significant reduction in the incidence of pruritus compared to the control group (RR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.92; I 2 = 64%). There was no significant difference in pruritus onset between the groups (mean difference [MD], 17.54 minutes; 95% CI, -2.18 to 37.26; I 2 = 83%). The overall Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment of quality of evidence was low. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review has demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of pruritus following the use of ondansetron. This is in contrast to previously published meta-analyses. Studies included were of varying quality and some at high risk of bias with a high degree of statistical heterogeneity. Furthermore, high-quality and well-powered studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cadd
- From the Anaesthetics Department, Conquest Hospital, East Sussex Healthcare Trust, United Kingdom
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Dumitrascu CI, Eneh PN, Keim AA, Kraus MB, Sharpe EE. Anesthetic management of parturients with achondroplasia: a case series. Proc AMIA Symp 2023; 37:63-68. [PMID: 38173994 PMCID: PMC10761160 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2023.2261084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Achondroplasia is the most common form of dwarfism, and cesarean delivery is often required in parturients with achondroplasia due to cephalopelvic disproportion. Given the challenges for both regional and general anesthetic techniques, there is no consensus on the optimal anesthetic management for cesarean delivery in these patients. Method A search of our electronic medical records for all female patients who had a diagnosis of achondroplasia and had a delivery in our health system from January 1, 2001 through June 16, 2023 was performed. Institutional review board exemption was obtained. Results We identified seven achondroplastic patients with 12 cesarean deliveries and described their anesthetic management during labor and delivery. Conclusion Despite the historical preference of general anesthesia in achondroplastic patients due to concerns of unpredictable spinal anatomy and unreliable local anesthetic spread, neuraxial anesthesia was successfully utilized in achondroplastic parturients and is a viable option in carefully selected patients. Reduction of intrathecal local anesthetic dose that minimizes the risk of high spinal and emergent intubation, as well as a titratable neuraxial technique, can be effective in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peace Nnenna Eneh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Molly Boyle Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Emily Elizabeth Sharpe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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6
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Sorabella LL, Ende HB, Bellenger SR, Stewart MF, French B, McIlroy DR, Raymond BL. Neuraxial buprenorphine for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a case series. Int J Obstet Anesth 2023; 56:103906. [PMID: 37364348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L L Sorabella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - H B Ende
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - B French
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D R McIlroy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - B L Raymond
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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7
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Kukreja P, Peabody Lever JE, Hussey H, Piennette P, Nagi P, Mabry S, Feinstein J, Vining B, Gerlak J, Paul CA, Kalagara H. The Dose Comparison of Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Single Institute Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e49350. [PMID: 38143599 PMCID: PMC10749179 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose of the study Intrathecal morphine (ITM) provides effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) under spinal anesthesia. However, the ideal dose at which maximal analgesic effects can be delivered with minimal side effects is not clearly known. This retrospective study is aimed to compare two different doses of ITM with respect to analgesia benefits and side effects. Methods This is a retrospective, descriptive, single-center study approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Three patient groups were selected: a control group receiving continuous adductor canal block (CCACB) under spinal anesthesia, and two experimental groups receiving single-dose adductor canal block (SSACB) under spinal anesthesia with either 100 mcg or 150 mcg of ITM. The sample size included 75 patients (25 per group) who were 18 years and older, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class 1-3 who were undergoing primary TKA. Patients with chronic pain or opioid use exceeding 30 days and those undergoing surgeries other than primary TKA were excluded. Outcome data, including opioid use (from which post-operative oral morphine equivalents (OME) were calculated), antiemetic use, visual analog pain scale (VAS) scores, distance ambulated at 24 hours, and length of hospital stay, were extracted by chart review. Results In the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), patients in both ITM groups experienced significantly lower opioid consumption and pain scores compared to the control group (p<.001). Furthermore, cumulative OME at 24 hours was significantly less in the ITM groups compared to the control, but there was no difference between ITM doses (p=0.004; mean cumulative OME for control was 77.2 OME vs 43.4 OME for 100 mcg ITM vs 42.6 OME for 150 mcg ITM). Antiemetic usage did not increase in the ITM groups. Although there was no statistically significant difference in ambulation at 24 hours, both ITM groups exhibited a trend toward greater average ambulation distance compared to the control group (p=0.095; mean distance walked for control was 67.6 feet, 76.6 feet for 100 mcg ITM vs 98.8 feet for 150 mcg ITM). Hospital length of stay did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion ITM doses of 100 mcg and 150 mcg provide effective analgesia for patients undergoing lower extremity total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia. Patients receiving ITM had better pain scores in the immediate post-operative period and had overall less oral morphine equivalent consumption when compared to control. In addition, the safety and side effect profile for ITM is similar for both doses as there was no incidence of respiratory depression and antiemetic usage did not differ between all study arms. Future studies should explore the use of higher ITM doses and consider a broader patient population to further understand the advantages and potential drawbacks of ITM in TKA surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promil Kukreja
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, USA
| | - Jacelyn E Peabody Lever
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, USA
| | - Hanna Hussey
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, USA
| | - Paul Piennette
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, USA
| | - Peter Nagi
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, USA
| | - Scott Mabry
- Orthopaedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, USA
| | - Joel Feinstein
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, USA
| | - Brooke Vining
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, USA
| | - Jason Gerlak
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, USA
| | - Christopher A Paul
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, USA
| | - Hari Kalagara
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
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Hateruma Y, Nozaki-Taguchi N, Son K, Tarao K, Kawakami S, Sato Y, Isono S. Assessments of perioperative respiratory pattern with non-contact vital sign monitor in children undergoing minor surgery: a prospective observational study. J Anesth 2023; 37:714-725. [PMID: 37584687 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-023-03223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nurses routinely assess respiration of hospitalized children; however, respiratory rate measurements are technically difficult due to rapid and small chest wall movements. The aim of this study is to reveal the respiratory status of small children undergoing minor surgery with load cells placed under the bed legs, and to test the hypothesis that respiratory rate (primary variable) is slower immediately after arrival to the ward and recovers in 2 h. METHODS Continuous recordings of the load cell signals were performed and stable respiratory waves within the 10 discriminative perioperative timepoints were used for respiratory rate measurements. Apnea frequencies were calculated at pre and postoperative nights and 2 h immediately after returning to the ward after surgery. RESULTS Continuous recordings of the load cell signals were successfully performed in 18 children (13 to 119 months). Respiratory waves were appraisable for more than 70% of nighttime period and 40% of immediate postoperative period. There were no statistically significant differences of respiratory rate in any timepoint comparisons (p = 0.448), thereby not supporting the study hypothesis. Respiratory rates changed more than 5 breaths per minute postoperatively in 5 out of 18 children (28%) while doses of fentanyl alone did not explain the changes. Apnea frequencies significantly decreased 2 h immediately after returning to the ward and during the operative night compared to the preoperative night. CONCLUSION Respiratory signal extracted from load cell sensors under the bed legs successfully revealed various postoperative respiratory pattern change in small children undergoing minor surgery. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION UMIN (University Hospital Information Network) Clinical Registry: UMIN000045579 ( https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000052039 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hateruma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Natsuko Nozaki-Taguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyongsuk Son
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaroh Tarao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiroh Isono
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Onay M, Şanal Baş S, Işıker A, Akkemik Ü, Bilir A. Effect of Intrathecal Morphine on Postdural Puncture Headache in Obstetric Anaesthesia. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2023; 51:297-303. [PMID: 37587656 PMCID: PMC10440479 DOI: 10.4274/tjar.2023.221140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Intrathecal morphine is used as an effective component of multimodal analgesia in postoperative analgesia in cesarean section patients. We aimed to analyze the relationship between intrathecal morphine administration and postdural puncture headache (PDPH), pain score and analgesia consumption in the postoperative period, and maternal fetal effects. Methods One hundred four pregnant women aged ≥18 years (American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I or II, >36 weeks gestation) who were scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were included in this study. Spinal anesthesia consisted of bupivacaine with or without morphine (Group M: 10 mg heavy marcaine + 25 mcg fentanyl + 100 mcg morphine; Group F: 10 mg heavy marcaine + 25 mcg fentanyl). The effect of intrathecal morphine on PDPH, postoperative pain score, analgesia consumption, and maternal and fetal effects were recorded for 5 days. Results PDPH developed in a total of 33 patients (Group M: 18 and Group F: 15, P=0.274). When we evaluated PDPH with the VAS, there was no significant difference between the groups. The postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) was lower in the morphine group, and no statistically significant difference was found in the VAS 1st hr and VAS 2nd hr, whereas the VAS 6th hr and VAS 24th hr were found to be statistically significant. There was no difference in terms of PDPH, the first analgesic requirement and postoperative nausea-vomiting, but meperidine consumption was lower in the morphine group. Conclusion Low-dose intrathecal morphine did not affect the incidence of PDPH. It is an effective method that can be used in cesarean section patients without increasing the maternal and fetal side effects from postoperative analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Onay
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sema Şanal Baş
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Arda Işıker
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Kırklareli Training and Research Hospital, Kırklareli, Turkey
| | - Ümit Akkemik
- Clinic of Algology, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ayten Bilir
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Uppal V, Russell R, Sondekoppam RV, Ansari J, Baber Z, Chen Y, DelPizzo K, Dirzu DS, Kalagara H, Kissoon NR, Kranz PG, Leffert L, Lim G, Lobo C, Lucas DN, Moka E, Rodriguez SE, Sehmbi H, Vallejo MC, Volk T, Narouze S. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on postdural puncture headache: a consensus report from a multisociety international working group. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023:rapm-2023-104817. [PMID: 37582578 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) can follow unintentional dural puncture during epidural techniques or intentional dural puncture during neuraxial procedures such as a lumbar puncture or spinal anesthesia. Evidence-based guidance on the prevention, diagnosis or management of this condition is, however, currently lacking. This multisociety guidance aims to fill this void and provide practitioners with comprehensive information and patient-centric recommendations to prevent, diagnose and manage patients with PDPH. METHODS Based on input from committee members and stakeholders, the committee cochairs developed 10 review questions deemed important for the prevention, diagnosis and management of PDPH. A literature search for each question was performed in MEDLINE (Ovid) on 2 March 2022. The results from each search were imported into separate Covidence projects for deduplication and screening, followed by data extraction. Additional relevant clinical trials, systematic reviews and research studies published through March 2022 were also considered for the development of guidelines and shared with contributors. Each group submitted a structured narrative review along with recommendations graded according to the US Preventative Services Task Force grading of evidence. The interim draft was shared electronically, with each collaborator requested to vote anonymously on each recommendation using two rounds of a modified Delphi approach. RESULTS Based on contemporary evidence and consensus, the multidisciplinary panel generated 50 recommendations to provide guidance regarding risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and management of PDPH, along with their strength and certainty of evidence. After two rounds of voting, we achieved a high level of consensus for all statements and recommendations. Several recommendations had moderate-to-low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS These clinical practice guidelines for PDPH provide a framework to improve identification, evaluation and delivery of evidence-based care by physicians performing neuraxial procedures to improve the quality of care and align with patients' interests. Uncertainty remains regarding best practice for the majority of management approaches for PDPH due to the paucity of evidence. Additionally, opportunities for future research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Uppal
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin Russell
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rakesh V Sondekoppam
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jessica Ansari
- Anesthesia Department, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zafeer Baber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kathryn DelPizzo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan Sebastian Dirzu
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hari Kalagara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Narayan R Kissoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter G Kranz
- Depatement of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa Leffert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale New Haven Health System; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Grace Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clara Lobo
- Anesthesiology Institute, Interventional Pain Medicine Department, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dominique Nuala Lucas
- Department of Anaesthesia, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Eleni Moka
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Creta Interclinic Hospital - Hellenic Healthcare Group (HHG), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stephen E Rodriguez
- Department of Anesthesia, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Herman Sehmbi
- Department of Anesthesia, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel C Vallejo
- Departments of Medical Education, Anesthesiology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas Volk
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Samer Narouze
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Center for Pain Medicine, Western Reserve Hospital, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA
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Dominguez JE, Cantrell S, Habib AS, Izci-Balserak B, Lockhart E, Louis JM, Miskovic A, Nadler JW, Nagappa M, O'Brien LM, Won C, Bourjeily G. Society of Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine and the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Consensus Guideline on the Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 142:403-423. [PMID: 37411038 PMCID: PMC10351908 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The Society of Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine and the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology tasked an expert group to review existing evidence and to generate recommendations on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy. These recommendations are based on a systematic review of the available scientific evidence and expert opinion when scientific evidence is lacking. This guideline may not be appropriate for all clinical situations and patients, and physicians must decide whether these recommendations are appropriate for their patients on an individual basis. We recognize that not all pregnant people may identify as women. However, data on non-cisgendered pregnant patients are lacking, and many published studies use gender-binary terms; therefore, depending on the study referenced, we may refer to pregnant individuals as women. This guideline may inform the creation of clinical protocols by individual institutions that consider the unique considerations of their patient populations and the available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Dominguez
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
| | - Sarah Cantrell
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ashraf S Habib
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Bilgay Izci-Balserak
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ellen Lockhart
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Judette M Louis
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alice Miskovic
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jacob W Nadler
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mahesh Nagappa
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Louise M O'Brien
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Christine Won
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; AMN Healthcare, Dallas, Texas; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Anesthesiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ghada Bourjeily
- Jennifer E. Dominguez, MD, MHS, and Ghada Bourjeily, MD, are the Guideline Committee Co-Chairs
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Padilla CR, Shamshirsaz AA, Easter SR, Hess P, Smith C, El Sharawi N, Sandlin AT. Critical Care in Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders-A Call to Action. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:988-995. [PMID: 37336216 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The rising in placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) incidence, highlights the need for critical care allotment for these patients. Due to risk for hemorrhage and possible hemorrhagic shock requiring blood product transfusion, hemodynamic instability and risk of end-organ damage, having an intensive care unit (ICU) with surgical expertise (surgical ICU or equivalent based on institutional resources) is highly recommended. Intensive care units physicians and nurses should be familiarized with intraoperative anesthetic and surgical techniques as well as obstetrics physiologic changes to provide postpartum management of PAS. Validated tools such of bedside point of care ultrasound and viscoelastic tests such as thromboelastogram/rotational thromboelastometry (TEG/ROTEM) are clinically useful in the assessment of hemodynamic status (shock diagnosis, assessment of both fluid responsiveness and tolerance) and transfusion guidance (in patients requiring massive transfusion as opposed to tranditional hemostatic resuscitation) respectively. The future of PAS management lies in the collaborative and multidisciplinary environment. We recommend that women with high suspicion or a confirmed PAS should have a preoperative plan in place and be managed in a tertiary center who is experienced in managing surgically complex cases. KEY POINTS: · The rising in placenta accreta spectrum incidence highlights the need for critical care expertise.. · Emerging tools such as point-of-care ultrasound and thromboelastography/rotational thromboelastometry represent new avenues for real time optimization of hemodynamic and hematological care of patients with PAS.. · Patients with PAS should be referred to a tertiary center having an intensive care unit (ICU) with surgical expertise (or equivalent based on institutional resources)..
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar R Padilla
- Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amir A Shamshirsaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Surgical Critical Care Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Sarah R Easter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phillip Hess
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carly Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Nadir El Sharawi
- Division of Obstetrical Anesthesia, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Adam T Sandlin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Lewald H, Girard T. Analgesia after cesarean section - what is new? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023; 36:288-292. [PMID: 36994740 PMCID: PMC10609703 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cesarean section is the most frequent surgical intervention, and pain following cesarean delivery unfortunately remains a common issue. The purpose of this article is to highlight the most effective and efficient options for postcesarean analgesia and to summarize current guidelines. RECENT FINDINGS The most effective form of postoperative analgesia is through neuraxial morphine. With adequate dosing, clinically relevant respiratory depression is extremely rare. It is important to identify women with increased risk of respiratory depression, as they might require more intensive postoperative monitoring. If neuraxial morphine cannot be used, abdominal wall block or surgical wound infiltration are very valuable alternatives. A multimodal regimen with intraoperative intravenous dexamethasone, fixed doses of paracetamol/acetaminophen, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce postcesarean opioid use. As the use of postoperative lumbar epidural analgesia impairs mobilization, double epidural catheters with lower thoracic epidural analgesia are a possible alternative. SUMMARY Adequate analgesia following cesarean delivery is still underused. Simple measures, such as multimodal analgesia regimens should be standardized according to institutional circumstances and defined as part of a treatment plan. Neuraxial morphine should be used whenever possible. If it cannot be used, abdominal wall blocks or surgical wound infiltration are good alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Lewald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich
- MVZ Perioperative Medicine Munich
- Frauenklinik Dr. Geisenhofer, Munich, Germany
| | - Thierry Girard
- Clinic for Anaesthesia, Intermediate Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Onodera H, Ida M, Naito Y, Kinomoto A, Kawaguchi M. Reply to "Is opioid free analgesia first choice for cesarean delivery?". J Anesth 2023; 37:494. [PMID: 37029821 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-023-03188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Onodera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Akane Kinomoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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Tan HS, Habib AS. Peri-operative anaesthetic management of women with obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 89:102335. [PMID: 37290264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity in women is prevalent and growing at an alarming pace worldwide, resulting in significant healthcare and socioeconomic consequences. Obesity is a multisystemic disease that is associated with numerous comorbidities, particularly sleep-disordered breathing, hypertension, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, thromboembolism, and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, obesity poses several peri-operative challenges including difficulty with airway management and mechanical ventilation, challenges with intravenous access or regional blocks, the need for modified anaesthetic drug dosing, the requirement for correctly sized and rated equipment, and appropriate post-operative monitoring. Therefore, early multidisciplinary planning is crucial to identify and address important peri-operative and clinical issues. Parturients with obesity are especially at high risk due to the additional physiological changes and obstetric comorbidities associated with obesity. Antenatal anaesthetic consultation along with close communication and collaboration within the multidisciplinary team are important to improve maternal and neonatal safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Sen Tan
- Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore
| | - Ashraf S Habib
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. https://twitter.com/ashrafhabib5
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Biava AM, Cipriani G, Bilotta F. Is opioid-free analgesia the first tier choice in anesthesia for cesarean delivery? J Anesth 2023; 37:492-493. [PMID: 37004593 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-023-03184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Biava
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fatebenefratelli Villa San Pietro Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianni Cipriani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fatebenefratelli Villa San Pietro Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Bilotta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Fonseca NM, Guimarães GMN, Pontes JPJ, Azi LMTDA, de Ávila Oliveira R. Safety and effectiveness of adding fentanyl or sufentanil to spinal anesthesia: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ELSEVIER) 2023; 73:198-216. [PMID: 34954261 PMCID: PMC10068557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal infusions of either fentanyl or sufentanil have been reported in international reports, articles, and scientific events worldwide. This study aimed to determine whether intrathecal fentanyl or sufentanil offers safety in mortality and perioperative adverse events. METHODS MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane library databases), gray literature, hand-searching, and clinicaltrials.gov were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials with no language, data, or status restrictions were included, comparing the effectiveness and safety of adding spinal lipophilic opioid to local anesthetics (LAs). Data were pooled using the random-effects models or fixed-effect models based on heterogeneity. RESULTS The initial search retrieved 4469 records; 3241 records were eligible, and 3152 articles were excluded after reading titles and abstracts, with a high agreement rate (98.6%). After reading the full texts, 76 articles remained. Spinal fentanyl and sufentanil significantly reduced postoperative pain and opioid consumption, increased analgesia and pruritus. Fentanyl, but not sufentanil, significantly reduced both postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative shivering; compared to LAs alone. The analyzed studies did not report any case of in-hospital mortality related to spinal lipophilic opioids. The rate of respiratory depression was 0.7% and 0.8% when spinal fentanyl or sufentanil was added and when it was not, respectively. Episodes of respiratory depression were rare, uneventful, occurred intraoperatively, and were easily manageable. CONCLUSION There is moderate to high quality certainty that there is evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of adding lipophilic opioids to LAs in spinal anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuber Martins Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Faculdade de Medicina, Disciplina de Anestesiologia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Faculdade de Medicina, CET, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, Brazil; Comitê para o Estudo do Equipamento Respiratório e Anestesia de ABNT, Brazil; Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia, Brazil.
| | | | - João Paulo Jordão Pontes
- Complexo Hospitalar Santa Genoveva de Uberlândia, Departamento de Anestesiologia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Liana Maria Torres de Araújo Azi
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Anestesiologia e Cirurgia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Ávila Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Faculdade de Medicina, Disciplina de Cirurgia Vascular, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Departamento de Cirurgia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Dominguez JE, Grotegut CA, Wright MC, Habib AS. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Gravidas With Chronic Hypertension Compared to Matched Controls: A Prospective Cohort Study. Anesth Analg 2023; 136:205-214. [PMID: 36355613 PMCID: PMC9840645 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk in gravidas with chronic hypertension (cHTN) did not control for obesity as a risk factor for OSA. We therefore performed this study to evaluate whether OSA is more prevalent among gravidas with cHTN compared to normotensive gravidas matched for body mass index (BMI) and gestational age (primary outcome). We also assessed whether OSA is more severe when comorbid with cHTN in pregnancy (secondary outcome). METHODS This was a single-center, prospective cohort study. Adult gravidas at 10-20 weeks of gestation, with and without cHTN, were enrolled and BMI matched. All subjects answered OSA screening questionnaires and underwent a home sleep test when they were between 10 and 20 weeks of gestation. Pregnancy outcomes were followed for all subjects. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to model the relationship between cHTN status and OSA. RESULTS A total of 100 pregnant subjects (50 with cHTN and 50 normotensive) completed a home sleep test of 2 hours or more. There were no differences in demographic variables between the 2 groups, except that gravidas with cHTN were significantly older than normotensive subjects (mean ± standard deviation [SD] 34 ± 4 vs 30 ± 6 years; P < .001). OSA was more prevalent (64% vs 38%; P = .009; odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] 2.90 [1.30-6.65]; P = .01) and more severe in gravidas with cHTN (moderate or severe OSA 59% vs 21%; P = .009). After controlling for age, we found no overall association between cHTN on OSA risk (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] 2.22 [0.92-5.40]; P = .076). However, among gravidas older than 25 years of age, cHTN was associated with higher odds of OSA (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 2.64 [1.06-6.71], P = .038). CONCLUSIONS cHTN and age are important risk factors for OSA in gravidas. Gravidas with cHTN should be screened for OSA in early pregnancy. Future studies may validate screening tools that include cHTN and age, and investigate the role of OSA therapy in blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad A Grotegut
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Grape S, El-Boghdadly K, Albrecht E. Management of Adverse Effects of Intrathecal Opioids in Acute Pain. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Onodera H, Ida M, Naito Y, Kinomoto A, Kawaguchi M. Respiratory depression following cesarean section with single-shot spinal with 100 μg morphine. J Anesth 2023; 37:268-273. [PMID: 36626021 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-023-03163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little evidence is available regarding bradypnea measured using continuous monitoring following cesarean section. We aimed to evaluate the rate of cumulative bradypnea time (total bradypnea time/total monitoring time) and its related factors in these parturients. METHODS This prospective observational study included women undergoing cesarean section under single-shot spinal anesthesia of 0.1 mg morphine. The Berlin Questionnaire was used to screen for sleep apnea syndrome preoperatively. Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored continuously using an adhesive acoustic respiration sensor and pulse oximeter, respectively, at least 6 h after cesarean section. Bradypnea was defined as a respiratory rate < 8 breaths/min lasting at least 25 s (sustained bradypnea) or at least 15 s (immediate bradypnea). Hypoxemia was defined as SpO2 < 92% lasting at least 25 s (sustained hypoxemia) or at least 15 s (immediate hypoxemia). Multiple regression analysis was applied to assess factors related to the rate of cumulative sustained bradypnea. RESULTS Of 159 patients, the Berlin Questionnaire was positive in 16.3%, and 77 (48.4%) experienced sustained bradypnea. The median rate of cumulative sustained bradypnea time was 0.70% (interquartile range 0.35-1.45%) without any related factors. The incidence of immediate bradypnea and sustained and immediate hypoxemia were 58.5%, 24.5%, and 37.7%, respectively. However, none of the factors were significant. CONCLUSION After cesarean section was performed with 0.1 mg intrathecal morphine, respiratory depression events were commonly observed. However, the rate of cumulative bradypnea time was very low and there were no related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Onodera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Akane Kinomoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo 840, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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Yang G, Cui Y, Bao X, Wu Z, Chen Q, Chen F, Liu W, Wang M, Luo L, Li H. Glucose-insulin-potassium alleviates uterine cramping pain following cesarean delivery: A randomized, controlled trial. Front Surg 2023; 9:1068993. [PMID: 36700014 PMCID: PMC9869677 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1068993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the effect of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) therapy on uterine cramping pain (UCP) following cesarean delivery (CD). Design Single-center, randomized controlled study. Setting Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. Participants A total of 140 women, aged 20-40 years, who underwent CD with a transverse incision were randomly assigned to the GIK (P) or control (C) groups in a 1:1 ratio. Interventions GIK was intravenously administered to patients in Group P. Patients in Group C received normal saline (NS). After umbilical cord clamping, oxytocin was administered intravenously. The same GIK and NS regimens were administered on postoperative days 1 and 2, followed by oxytocin 10 min later. Primary and secondary outcome measures Following oxytocin administration, UCP was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the maximum VAS score (primary outcome) was recorded. Results Patients in Group P had significantly lower maximum VAS scores than those in Group C on postoperative days 1 (38.4 ± 21.1 vs. 52.3 ± 20.8, p < 0.001) and 2 (10 [0,30] vs. 30.5 [8.75,50], p < 0.001). Group P patients also had shorter pain duration on postoperative day 1 (39.6 ± 19.5 min vs. 50.6 ± 18.2 min, p = 0.001). Group P patients had a lower incidence of inadequate analgesia of UCP than Group C on days 1 (45.5% vs. 74.2%, p < 0.001) and 2 (10.6% vs. 47.0%, p < 0.001); the RRs for experiencing inadequate analgesia for UCP postpartum in Group P patients was 0.612 (95% CI: 0.454-0.826, p < 0.001) on day 1 and 0.226 (95% CI: 0.107-0.476, p < 0.001) on day 2. The absolute risk reduction (ARR) was 28.7%; thus number needed to treat (NNT) was 3 after rounding up. A subgroup analysis demonstrated that Group P patients undergoing repeat CD had lower maximum VAS scores for UCP on both postoperative days 1 and 2. Conclusion Our findings suggest that GIK can relieve UCP and shorten its duration. Our results provide information to facilitate the development of novel approaches for managing UCP.Clinical Trial Registration: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (2020-109-01, 19/11/2020) and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100041607,01/01/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC Chengdu Women’s & Children’s Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuoxi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Correspondence: Hong Li
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Rawal N. Intrathecal Opioids In The Management Of Postoperative Pain. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Analgesic outcomes of tramadol alone and in combination with Butorphanol or Flurbiprofen Axetil after cesarean section: a retrospective study with propensity score matching analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:391. [PMID: 36526971 PMCID: PMC9756475 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology recommends a multimodal analgesia regimen for cesarean delivery analgesia. This study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of tramadol alone and combined with butorphanol or flurbiprofen axetil after a cesarean section. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis based on the electronic medical records of a teaching hospital in China from January 2018 to January 2020. We collected data on demographic characteristics, anesthesia, analgesia strategy, and pain intensity postoperatively during the first 48 hours. Inadequate postoperative analgesia during this period was defined as an NRS score ≥ 4. We also collected data regarding off-bed activity and intestinal function recovery. Participants were classified into three groups according to analgesia regimens. Groups T, TF, and TB received tramadol, a mixture of tramadol and flurbiprofen axetil, and a combination of tramadol and butorphanol, respectively. Analgesic outcomes were compared using propensity score matching analysis. RESULTS Data from 2323 cases of caesarean section were included in the analysis, and 521 pairs were matched in each group according to their propensity score. Compared with group T, The inadequate analgesia on pain at rest and pain at movement was lower in group TF (RR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.36-0.49, P = 0.001 and RR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.48-0.69, P < 0.001, respectively),and the incidence of inadequate control of pain at movement was higher in group TB (RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.22-1.55, P < 0.001). Additionally, the percentage of off-bed activity at 2 days postoperatively was higher in group TB than in groups TF and T (78.7% vs. 68.5 and 78.7% vs. 64.9%, respectively, P < 0.001). The incidence of intestinal function recovery 2 days after cesarean delivery in group TB was higher than that in group TF (73.3% vs. 66.2%, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Combining tramadol and flurbiprofen axetil could enhance the analgesic effect and be safely used for analgesia after a cesarean section. However, combining tramadol and butorphanol may produce an antagonistic effect.
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Cesarean delivery using an ERAS-CD process for nonopioid anesthesia and analgesia drug/medication management. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 85:35-52. [PMID: 35995654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cesarean delivery (CD) is a surgical delivery of a neonate with surgical access through the maternal abdominal and uterine structures. The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is a standardized perioperative care program and surgery quality improvement process that has had global spread across numerous surgical disciplines. The medical and surgical use of opioids for pain management and the nonmedical opioid use, over the last three decades, have significantly increased the prevalence of abuse and addiction to opioids. This review summarizes pain, pregnancy substance use, and ERAS-directed analgesia and anesthesia for opioid use reduction or elimination in the operative and postoperative periods. Enhanced recovery (quality and safety) in the surgical CD context requires collaboration, consensus, and appropriate clinical prioritization to allow for the identification of 'the right patient, in the right clinical situation, with the right informed consent, and the right clinical care team and health system'.
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Heesen M, Steuer C, Wiedemeier P, Schwappach D. Accuracy of Spinal Anesthesia Drug Concentrations in Mixtures Prepared by Anesthetists. J Patient Saf 2022; 18:e1226-e1230. [PMID: 35796585 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medication errors include the indirect dosing of drugs. For spinal anesthesia mixtures of local anesthetics, opioids are drawn from ampoules and combined in a syringe, according to clinical practice. We set out to determine the accuracy of the drug mixtures. METHODS Physicians of our department were invited to prepare the mixture used for spinal anesthesia for cesarean section, consisting of 10-mg hyperbaric bupivacaine (2-mL volume), 20-μg fentanyl (0.4-mL volume), and 100-μg morphine (0.1-mL volume). Concentrations of these drugs were determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography. Interindividual and intraindividual variations were assessed. RESULTS We analyzed 96 samples from 31 physicians. Fifty-one percent of the measured bupivacaine concentrations were in ±10% deviation range of the intended concentration; 17% of the fentanyl and 24% of the morphine concentrations were in this range. A total of 2.1% of the samples had a bupivacaine concentration corresponding to a dose of 8 mg or less, and 11.5% of the samples had a morphine concentration corresponding to a dose of 150 μg or greater. Intraindividual variations were 10.9% for bupivacaine, 24.7% for fentanyl, and 38.9% for morphine. CONCLUSIONS Our results show a high deviation of the obtained from the intended concentrations. Two percent of the samples had bupivacaine concentrations that probably resulted into an insufficient analgesia, and 11% of the samples had morphine concentrations that, according to guidelines, would require a longer monitoring period than with the intended dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heesen
- From the Department of Anaesthesiology, Kantonsspital Baden, Baden
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Trend in neuraxial morphine use and postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery in Japan from 2005 to 2020. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17234. [PMID: 36241762 PMCID: PMC9568599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing rate of cesarean deliveries warrants obstetric anesthesiologists to deliver high-quality post-cesarean delivery analgesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal trends in the use of neuraxial morphine for cesarean deliveries and to describe the current postoperative analgesia practices. A retrospective cohort study using nationwide health insurance claims databases was conducted from 2005 to 2020 in Japan. Pregnant women who had undergone cesarean deliveries were included. The annual rate of neuraxial morphine use was extracted and analyzed. Additionally, we explored the patient- and facility-level factors associated with neuraxial morphine use through a multilevel logistic regression analysis. The cohort included 65,208 cesarean delivery cases from 2275 institutions. The prevalence of neuraxial morphine use was 16.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8-16.3) in the overall cohort. Intrathecal morphine was used in 20.6% (95% CI, 20.2-21.0) of spinal anesthesia cases. The trend in neuraxial morphine use steadily increased from 2005 to 2020. The significant predictors of neuraxial morphine use included spinal anesthesia, recent surgery, large medical facilities, and academic hospitals. Variations in the utilization of postoperative analgesia were observed. Our study described the current trend of neuraxial morphine use and the variation in postoperative analgesia practice in Japan.
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Indermuhle P, Zelko M, Mori C, Chiu SH. Use of Scheduled Nonopioid Analgesia to Decrease Inpatient Opioid Consumption After Scheduled Cesarean Birth. Nurs Womens Health 2022; 26:344-352. [PMID: 36084712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare opioid use and pain scores in women who had scheduled cesarean birth before and after implementing a scheduled nonopioid analgesia practice guideline. DESIGN Quality improvement project with a comparison of pre-/postintervention. SETTING/LOCAL PROBLEM A 170-bed community hospital where the administration of postcesarean pain medications was unstandardized. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 175 individuals who were scheduled for cesarean birth (106 in preintervention group and 69 in postimplementation group). INTERVENTION/MEASUREMENTS All participants had received a dose of 150 mcg of intrathecal morphine intraoperatively. Care of participants in the postimplementation group included a new practice guideline using preoperative oral acetaminophen 1 g and postoperative intravenous ketorolac 30 mg that transitioned to ibuprofen 600 mg orally every 6 hours until discharge. Acetaminophen 1 g every 6 hours also continued until discharge. For breakthrough pain, oxycodone 5 mg to 10 mg was available. RESULTS Results were analyzed using the chi-square and t test. There was a statistical difference in the mean milligram morphine equivalent consumed after scheduled cesarean birth (preintervention = 21.15 vs. postintervention = 3.91, p < .001). Postimplementation, 84.1% of participants did not consume any opioids beyond the intrathecal dose compared to 47.2% of participants preintervention. Mean pain scores decreased from 2.49 to 1.62 (p < .001), and there was an observed decrease of the highest reported pain score from 5.39 to 4.03 (p < .001). CONCLUSION The results of this project support the current literature indicating that the administration of a scheduled nonopioid multimodal analgesia regimen to individuals with scheduled cesarean birth is an effective postoperative pain management strategy. This approach to managing surgical birth pain can decrease subjective reports of pain and overall opioid consumption during the hospital stay.
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Respiratory depression after administration of single-dose neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2022; 52:103592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Standards for Professional Registered Nurse Staffing for Perinatal Units. Nurs Womens Health 2022; 26:e1-e94. [PMID: 35750618 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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The Successful Anesthetic Management of a Cesarean Delivery in a Patient with Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome. Case Rep Anesthesiol 2022; 2022:3220486. [PMID: 35846393 PMCID: PMC9286953 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3220486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fanconi–Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by extremely short stature, renal tubular dysfunction, osteoporosis, and rickets. The literature is scant regarding the successful reproduction of women with FBS. Cesarean delivery is indicated due to the risk of pelvic fracture from vaginal delivery in a patient with FBS and rickets, yet no case describing the anesthetic has been reported. Clinical Findings. We present a 39-inch-tall, 46.47 kg/m2 BMI woman with FBS who was scheduled for cesarean delivery and requesting neuraxial anesthesia. A low-dose, combined spinal-epidural technique (CSE) was employed to account for her extreme short stature yet allow for additional dosing if needed. The cesarean delivery, hospital course, and follow-up were all uneventful. Conclusion A single case of an FBS patient's successful pregnancy was previously reported in the literature without describing the anesthetic technique. Our case is unique in that it is the first case in the literature that we are aware of describing the anesthetic technique. This case may provide a template for clinicians treating FBS patients and patients with extremely short stature.
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Standards for Professional Registered Nurse Staffing for Perinatal Units. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2022; 51:e5-e98. [PMID: 35738987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Neuraxial and general anaesthesia for caesarean section. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2022; 36:53-68. [PMID: 35659960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most performed operations worldwide. In many parts of the world, there has been a reduction in anaesthetic associated obstetric mortality, and this has been attributed to the increased use of neuraxial anaesthesia and improved safety of general anaesthesia, alongside improved training and organisational changes. In resource-limited countries, anaesthesia contributes disproportionately to maternal mortality, with one in seven deaths being due to anaesthesia. A major contributory factor to this is the severe shortage of trained anaesthetic providers. Goals for anaesthesia for CS include the woman's comfort and foetal well-being, focusing on strategies to minimise morbidity and mortality for both. Anaesthetic options for CS include neuraxial techniques (spinal or combined-spinal epidural or epidural extension of labour analgesia) and general anaesthesia. There is increasing evidence of the benefit of neuraxial techniques over general anaesthesia in terms of maternal and foetal outcomes. For elective CS, spinal and combined-spinal anaesthesia predominate. General anaesthesia is mainly reserved for Category 1 CS where there is an immediate threat to the life of the mother or the baby. This review discusses the practical aspects of neuraxial and general anaesthesia for CS.
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Dominguez JE, Habib AS. Obstructive sleep apnea in pregnant women. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2022; 60:59-65. [PMID: 35261345 PMCID: PMC9045012 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of OSA in the low-risk obstetric population is thought to be low; best estimates have been extrapolated from the one available large prospective study and likely range between 3–8%.1 OSA prevalence in high-risk pregnant women such as those with obesity and chronic hypertension is significantly higher as extrapolated from several smaller prospective studies which have reported a prevalence as high as 37% in obese women.2 –6 Despite the high prevalence of OSA in high-risk pregnant women, it remains underdiagnosed due to several factors. An emerging body of literature suggests that OSA may also have serious implications for the health of mothers and fetuses during and beyond pregnancy, but there is still no data to determine if OSA treatment mitigates these adverse outcomes. In this review, we will examine this body of literature from the perspective of the anesthesiologist: the association between pregnancy and the development or worsening of OSA; OSA as it relates to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes; antepartum and screening considerations for OSA in pregnant women; and recommendations regarding the peripartum management of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Dominguez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Macias DA, Adhikari EH, Eddins M, Nelson DB, McIntire DD, Duryea EL. A comparison of acute pain management strategies after cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:407.e1-407.e7. [PMID: 34534504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are approximately 1.2 million cesarean deliveries performed each year in the United States alone. While traditional postoperative pain management strategies previously relied heavily on opioids, practitioners are now moving toward opioid-sparing protocols using multiple classes of nonnarcotic analgesics. Multimodal pain management systems have been adopted by other surgical specialties including gynecology, although the data regarding their use for postoperative cesarean delivery pain management remain limited. OBJECTIVE To determine if a multimodal pain management regimen after cesarean delivery reduces the required number of morphine milligram equivalents (a unit of measurement for opioids) compared with traditional morphine patient-controlled analgesia while adequately controlling postoperative pain. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study of postoperative pain management for women undergoing cesarean delivery at a large county hospital. It was conducted during a transition from a traditional morphine patient-controlled analgesia regimen to a multimodal regimen that included scheduled nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen, with opioids used as needed. The data were collected for a 6-week period before and after the transition. The primary outcome was postoperative opioid use defined as morphine milligram equivalents in the first 48 hours. The secondary outcomes included serial pain scores, time to discharge, and exclusive breastfeeding rates. Women who required general anesthesia or had a history of substance abuse disorder were excluded. The statistical analyses included the Student t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and Hodges-Lehman shift, with a P value <.05 being considered significant. RESULTS During the study period, 877 women underwent cesarean delivery and 778 met the inclusion criteria-378 received the traditional morphine patient-controlled analgesia and 400 received the multimodal regimen. The implementation of a multimodal regimen resulted in a significant reduction in the morphine milligram equivalent use in the first 48 hours (28 [14-41] morphine milligram equivalents vs 128 [86-174] morphine milligram equivalents; P<.001). Compared with the traditional group, more women in the multimodal group reported a pain score ≤4 by 48 hours (88% vs 77%; P<.001). There was no difference in the time to discharge (P=.32). Of the women who exclusively planned to breastfeed, fewer used formula before discharge in the multimodal group than in the traditional group (9% vs 12%; P<.001). CONCLUSION Transition to a multimodal pain management regimen for women undergoing cesarean delivery resulted in a decrease in opioid use while adequately controlling postoperative pain. A multimodal regimen was associated with early successful exclusive breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin A Macias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
| | - Emily H Adhikari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Michelle Eddins
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - David B Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Don D McIntire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Elaine L Duryea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Walker JL, Adams JH, Broman AT, Pryde PG, Antony KM. Postoperative Respiratory Compromise following Cesarean Birth: The Impact of Obesity and Systemic Opioids. AJP Rep 2022; 12:e1-e9. [PMID: 35036046 PMCID: PMC8758249 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to measure the effect of obesity and systemic opioids on respiratory events within the first 24 hours following cesarean. Methods Opioid-naive women undergoing cesarean between January 2016 and December 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome was the proportion of women experiencing at least one composite respiratory outcome (oxygen saturation less than 95% lasting 30+ seconds or need for respiratory support) within 24 hours of cesarean. The impact of obesity and total systemic opioid dose in 24 hours (measured in morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]) on the composite respiratory compromise outcome were evaluated. Results Of 2,230 cesarean births, 790 women had at least one composite respiratory event. Predictors of the composite respiratory outcome included body mass index (BMI) as a continuous variable (odds ratio = 1.063 for every one unit increase in BMI [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.021-1.108], p = 0.003), and MME (odds ratio = 1.005 [95% CI: 1.002-1.008], p = 0.003), adjusting for magnesium sulfate use. The interaction between obesity and opioid dose demonstrated an odds ratio of 1.000 (95% CI: 0.999-1.000, p = 0.030). Conclusion The proportion of women experiencing respiratory events following cesarean birth increases with the degree of obesity and opioid dose. Key Points Respiratory events increase with obesity.Respiratory events increase with systemic opioid use.Odds ratio of respiratory events is 1.063/unit BMI increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Walker
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jacquelyn H Adams
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aimee T Broman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Peter G Pryde
- Department of Anesthesiology, Madison Anesthesiology Consultants, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kathleen M Antony
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Sharma K, Gupta S, Gupta A, Baghel A, Choudhary S, Choudhary V. Enhanced recovery after cesarean protocol versus traditional protocol in elective cesarean section: A prospective observational study. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/joacc.joacc_16_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
This review summarizes the importance of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) implementation for cesarean deliveries (CDs) and explores ERAS elements shared with the non-obstetric surgical population. The Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) consensus statement on ERAS for CD is used as a template for the discussion. Suggested areas for research to improve our understanding of ERAS in the obstetric population are delineated. Strategies and examples of anesthesia-specific protocol elements are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Sorabella
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, VUH 4202, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Jeanette R Bauchat
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, VUH 4202, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. https://twitter.com/jrbcpyw
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39
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Himmelwright RS, Dominguez JE. Postpartum Respiratory Depression. Anesthesiol Clin 2021; 39:687-709. [PMID: 34776104 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum respiratory depression is a complex, multifactorial issue that encompasses a patient's baseline preexisting conditions, certain pregnancy-specific conditions or complications, as well as the iatrogenic element of various medications given in the peripartum period. In this review, we discuss many of these factors including obesity, sleep-disordered breathing, chronic lung disease, neuromuscular disorders, opioids, preeclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy, postpartum hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and medications such as analgesics, sedatives, anesthetics, and magnesium. Current recommendations for screening, treatment, and prevention are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer E Dominguez
- Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3094, MS#9, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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40
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Habib AS, Nedeljkovic SS, Horn JL, Smiley RM, Kett AG, Vallejo MC, Song J, Scranton R, Bao X. Randomized trial of transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine after cesarean delivery with or without intrathecal morphine. J Clin Anesth 2021; 75:110527. [PMID: 34626927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate efficacy and safety of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with or without intrathecal morphine (ITM) compared with ITM alone for postsurgical analgesia after cesarean delivery (CD). DESIGN Multicenter, open-label, randomized trial (NCT03853694). SETTING Operating room. PATIENTS Women with term pregnancy of 37 to 42 weeks scheduled for elective CD under spinal anesthesia. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to LB 266 mg TAP block alone (LB group), ITM 50 μg followed by LB 266 mg TAP block (LB + ITM group), or ITM 150 μg alone (ITM group). All groups received the same postsurgical multimodal analgesic regimen. MEASUREMENTS The LB and LB + ITM groups were compared with the ITM group for all efficacy outcomes. Postsurgical opioid consumption in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) through 72 h was compared by assessing noninferiority before testing superiority. Postsurgical pruritus severity was assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale. MAIN RESULTS Between March 4, 2019, and January 10, 2020, 153 patients (LB, n = 52; LB + ITM, n = 48; ITM, n = 53) were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were comparable across groups. The LB group had statistically noninferior postsurgical opioid consumption through 72 h compared with the ITM group (least squares mean [LSM], 19.2 vs 16.4 MMEs; LSM treatment ratio, 1.17 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74-1.86]; noninferiority P < 0.0034) as did the LB + ITM group (LSM, 14.6 vs 16.4 MMEs; LSM treatment ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.55-1.44]; noninferiority P < 0.0001). The LB and LB + ITM groups had significantly reduced pruritus severity scores through 12, 24, 48, and 72 h compared with the ITM group (P ≤ 0.0121). Adverse events occurred in 58%, 85%, and 81% of the LB, LB + ITM, and ITM groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LB TAP block with or without ITM resulted in statistically noninferior postsurgical opioid consumption through 72 h, reduced pruritus, and favorable safety compared with ITM in women undergoing CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S Habib
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - Srdjan S Nedeljkovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jean-Louis Horn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Richard M Smiley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Attila G Kett
- St. Peter's Healthcare System, Somerset, NJ, United States of America
| | - Manuel C Vallejo
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Jia Song
- Pacira BioSciences, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, United States of America
| | | | - Xiaodong Bao
- Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
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41
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Yefet E, Nassar S, Carmeli J, Massalha M, Hasanein J, Zafran N, Rudin M, Nachum Z. Oral analgesia in fixed-time interval administration versus spinal morphine for post-Cesarean pain: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:893-901. [PMID: 34463805 PMCID: PMC8406016 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enav Yefet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya, Tiberias, Israel.
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Salih Nassar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Julia Carmeli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Manal Massalha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jamal Hasanein
- Department of Neonatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Noah Zafran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Rudin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Zohar Nachum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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42
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Sultan P, Carvalho B. Evidence-based guidance for use of intrathecal morphine as an alternative to diamorphine for Caesarean delivery analgesia. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127:501-505. [PMID: 34362559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrathecal morphine in combination with fentanyl is an effective and safe alternative to diamorphine for Caesarean delivery analgesia. Evidence suggests minimal differences in clinical efficacy and side-effects between intrathecal morphine and diamorphine. Recommended intrathecal morphine doses for Caesarean delivery analgesia are 100-150 ug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervez Sultan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Carvalho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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43
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Neuro-anesthesiology in pregnancy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021. [PMID: 32736750 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64239-4.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Management of the pregnant patient requiring neurosurgery poses multiple challenges, juxtaposing pregnancy-specific considerations with that accompanying the safe provision of intracranial or spine surgery. There are no specific evidence-based recommendations, and case-by-case interdisciplinary discussions will guide informed decision-making about the timing of delivery vis-à-vis neurosurgery, the performance of cesarean delivery immediately before neurosurgery, consequences of neurosurgery on subsequent delivery, or even the optimal anesthetic modality for neurosurgery and/or cesarean delivery. In general, identifying whether increased intracranial pressure poses a risk for herniation is crucial before allowing neuraxial procedures. Modified rapid sequence induction with advanced airway approaches (videolaryngoscopic or fiberoptic) allows improved airway manipulation with reduced risks associated with endotracheal intubation of the obstetric airway. Currently, very few anesthetic drugs are avoided in the neurosurgical pregnant patient; however, ensuring access to critical care units for prolonged monitoring and assistance of the respiratory-compromised patient is necessary to ensure safe outcomes.
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45
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Oji-Zurmeyer J, Ortner C, Klein KU, Putz G, Jochberger S. [Neuraxial Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia after Caesarean Deliveries]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2021; 56:439-447. [PMID: 34187076 DOI: 10.1055/a-1204-5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of neuraxial morphine, in combination with nonopioid analgesic regimens for postoperative analgesia after Caesarean deliveries is common practice, especially in the Anglo-American world. Neuraxial morphine offers a longer-lasting superior analgesia than intravenous opioids or patient-controlled analgesia. If neuraxial anaesthesia is being used for a caesarean delivery, it may be recommended to concomitantly administer neuraxial morphine for the postoperative analgesia.A low dose of neuraxial morphine in a healthy parturient bears a low morbidity and mortality risk. The optimal frequency, duration and modality of respiratory monitoring for patients at low risk for respiratory depression is dependent on the dose of morphine administered and the patient-specific and obstetric risk profile.
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46
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Bollag L, Lim G, Sultan P, Habib AS, Landau R, Zakowski M, Tiouririne M, Bhambhani S, Carvalho B. Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology: Consensus Statement and Recommendations for Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean. Anesth Analg 2021; 132:1362-1377. [PMID: 33177330 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of the Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean delivery (ERAC) protocol written by a Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) committee and approved by the SOAP Board of Directors in May 2019. The goal of the consensus statement is to provide both practical and where available, evidence-based recommendations regarding ERAC. These recommendations focus on optimizing maternal recovery, maternal-infant bonding, and perioperative outcomes after cesarean delivery. They also incorporate management strategies for this patient cohort, including recommendations from existing guidelines issued by professional organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Society of Anesthesiologists. This consensus statement focuses on anesthesia-related and perioperative components of an enhanced recovery pathway for cesarean delivery and provides the level of evidence for each recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bollag
- From the Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Grace Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pervez Sultan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Ashraf S Habib
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ruth Landau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Mark Zakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mohamed Tiouririne
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sumita Bhambhani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brendan Carvalho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
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47
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Ende HB, Dwan RL, Freundlich RE, Dumas S, Sorabella LL, Raymond BL, Lozada MJ, Shotwell MS, Wanderer JP, Bauchat JR. Quantifying the incidence of clinically significant respiratory depression in women with and without obesity class III receiving neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean analgesia: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 47:103187. [PMID: 34053816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a suspected risk factor for respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean analgesia, however monitoring guidelines for obese obstetric patients are based on small, limited studies. We tested the hypothesis that clinically significant respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine occurs more commonly in women with body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2 compared with BMI <40 kg/m2. METHODS We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review (2006-2017) of obstetric patients with clinically significant respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine, defined as: (1) opioid antagonist administration; (2) rapid response team activation (initiated in April 2010); or (3) tracheal intubation due to a respiratory event. The incidence of respiratory depression was compared between women with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 and BMI <40 kg/m2. RESULTS In total, 11 327 women received neuraxial morphine (n=1945 BMI ≥40 kg/m2; n=9382 BMI <40 kg/m2). Women with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 had higher rates of sleep apnea, hypertensive disorders, and magnesium administration. Sixteen cases of clinically significant respiratory depression occurred within seven days postpartum. The incidence did not significantly differ between groups (odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 0.6 to 6.9, P=0.174). Neuraxial morphine was not deemed causative in any case, however women with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 had higher rates of tracheal intubation unrelated to neuraxial morphine (2/1945 vs. 0/9382, P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS Respiratory depression in this population is rare. A larger sample (∼75 000) is required to determine whether the incidence is higher with BMI ≥40 kg/m2. Tracheal intubation was higher among the BMI ≥40 kg/m2 cohort, likely due to more comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Ende
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - R L Dwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R E Freundlich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Dumas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L L Sorabella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - B L Raymond
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M J Lozada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M S Shotwell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J P Wanderer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J R Bauchat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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48
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Anaesthesia for the parturient with obesity. BJA Educ 2021; 21:180-186. [PMID: 33927890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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49
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Obesity in pregnancy. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2021; 59:8-14. [PMID: 33883427 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Tan HS, Habib AS. Obesity in women: anaesthetic implications for peri-operative and peripartum management. Anaesthesia 2021; 76 Suppl 4:108-117. [PMID: 33682095 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence, healthcare and socio-economic impact of obesity (defined as having a body mass index of ≥ 30 kg.m-2 ) are disproportionately higher in women than men. A combination of biological and social factors, including the adaptation of energy homeostasis to the increased demands of pregnancy and lactation and poor access to healthy foods or exercise facilities, contribute to the increasing prevalence of obesity in women. Obesity-related physiological changes stem from mass loading and increased metabolism of adipose tissue, as well as secretion of bioactive substances from adipocytes leading to chronic low-grade inflammation. As a result, obesity is associated with increased risks of: infertility; malignancy; sleep-disordered breathing; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; and thromboembolism. Hence, obese women are at markedly increased risk of peri-operative morbidity and mortality and require comprehensive evaluation and targeted comorbidity optimisation by a multidisciplinary team. In addition to routine obstetric challenges, pregnancy in women with obesity further exacerbates the above risks, making multidisciplinary management starting at pre-conception even more important. Weight loss, lifestyle management and optimisation of comorbidity are the cornerstone of reducing obesity-related risks. The anaesthetist plays a vital role within the multidisciplinary team by emphasising weight loss as part of pre-operative comorbidity optimisation, formulation of individualised peri-operative management plans, supervising postoperative care in the high dependency or intensive care settings and providing safe labour analgesia and careful peripartum management for obese parturients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Tan
- Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - A S Habib
- Division of Women's Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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