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Perera KDC, Boiani SM, Vasta AK, Messenger KJ, Delva S, Menon JU. Development and characterization of a novel poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-based thermoresponsive photoink and its applications in DLP bioprinting. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39230440 PMCID: PMC11373533 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The field of 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has significantly expanded capabilities in producing precision-engineered hydrogel constructs, and recent years have seen the development of various stimuli-responsive bio- and photoinks. There is, however, a distinct lack of digital light processing (DLP)-compatible photoinks with thermoresponsivity. To remedy this, this work focuses on formulating and optimizing a versatile ink for DLP printing of thermoresponsive hydrogels, with numerous potential applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and adjacent biomedical fields. Photoink optimization was carried out using a multifactorial study design. The optimized photoink yielded crosslinked hydrogels with strong variations in hydrophobicity (contact angles of 44.4° LCST), indicating marked thermoresponsivity. Mechanical- and rheological characterization of the printed hydrogels showed significant changes above the LCST: storage- and loss moduli both increased and loss tangent and compressive modulus decreased above this temperature (P ≤ 0.01). The highly cytocompatible hydrogel microwell arrays yielded both single- and multilayer spheroids with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and HeLa cells successfully. Evaluation of the release of encapsulated model macro- (bovine serum albumin, BSA) and small molecule (rhodamine B) drugs in a buffer solution showed an interestingly inverted thermoresponsive release profile with >80% release at room temperature and about 50-60% release above the gels' LCST. All told, the optimized ink holds great promise for multiple biomedical applications including precise and high-resolution fabrication of complex tissue structures, development of smart drug delivery systems and 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalindu D C Perera
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Sophia M Boiani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Alexandra K Vasta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Katherine J Messenger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Sabrina Delva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Dirheimer L, Pons T, François A, Lamy L, Cortese S, Marchal F, Bezdetnaya L. Targeting of 3D oral cancer spheroids by αVβ6 integrin using near-infrared peptide-conjugated IRDye 680. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:228. [PMID: 38951897 PMCID: PMC11218202 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of oral cavity cancer, margin status is one of the most critical prognostic factors. Positive margins are associated with higher local recurrence and lower survival rates. Therefore, the universal goal of oral surgical oncology is to achieve microscopically clear margins. Near-infrared fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) could improve surgical resection using fluorescent probes. αVβ6 integrin has shown great potential for cancer targeting due to its overexpression in oral cancers. Red fluorescent contrast agent IRDye 680 coupled with anti-αVβ6 peptide (IRDye-A20) represents an asset to improve FGS of oral cancer. This study investigates the potential of IRDye-A20 as a selective imaging agent in 3D three-dimensional tongue cancer cells. METHODS αVβ6 integrin expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western Blotting in 2D HSC-3 human tongue cancer cells and MRC-5 human fibroblasts. Targeting ability of IRDye-A20 was studied in both cell lines by flow cytometry technique. 3D tumor spheroid models, homotypic (HSC-3) and stroma-enriched heterotypic (HSC-3/MRC-5) spheroids were produced by liquid overlay procedure and further characterized using (immuno)histological and fluorescence-based techniques. IRDye-A20 selectivity was evaluated in each type of spheroids and each cell population. RESULTS αVβ6 integrin was overexpressed in 2D HSC-3 cancer cells but not in MRC-5 fibroblasts and consistently, only HSC-3 were labelled with IRDye-A20. Round shaped spheroids with an average diameter of 400 μm were produced with a final ratio of 55%/45% between HSC-3 and MRC-5 cells, respectively. Immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated an uniform expression of αVβ6 integrin in homotypic spheroid, while its expression was restricted to cancer cells only in heterotypic spheroid. In stroma-enriched 3D model, Cytokeratin 19 and E-cadherin were expressed only by cancer cells while vimentin and fibronectin were expressed by fibroblasts. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated that IRDye-A20 labeled the whole homotypic spheroid, while in the heterotypic model all cancer cells were highly fluorescent, with a negligible fluorescence in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated an efficient selective targeting of A20FMDV2-conjugated IRDye 680 in 3D tongue cancer cells stroma-enriched spheroids. Thus, IRDye-A20 could be a promising candidate for the future development of the fluorescence-guided surgery of oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dirheimer
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - T Pons
- ESPCI Paris, LPEM UMR 8213, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - A François
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54519, France
| | - L Lamy
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54519, France
| | - S Cortese
- Surgical Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54519, France
| | - F Marchal
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Surgical Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54519, France
| | - L Bezdetnaya
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54519, France.
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3
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Coccini T, Caloni F, Russo LA, Villani L, Lonati D, De Simone U. 3D human stem-cell-derived neuronal spheroids for in vitro neurotoxicity testing of methylglyoxal, highly reactive glycolysis byproduct and potent glycating agent. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 7:100176. [PMID: 38975063 PMCID: PMC11225170 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-derived three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models are advanced human cell-based model for their complexity, relevance and application in toxicity testing. Intracellular accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), the most potent glycating agent in humans, mainly generated as a by-product of glycolysis, is associated with age-related diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. In our study, 3D human stem-cell-derived neuronal spheroids were set up and applied to evaluate cytotoxic effects after short-term (5 to 48 h) treatments with different MGO concentrations, including low levels, taking into consideration several biochemical endpoints. In MGO-treated neurospheroids, reduced cell growth proliferation and decreased cell viability occurred early from 5-10 μM, and their compactness diminished starting from 100 μM, apparently without affecting spheroid size. MGO markedly caused loss of the neuronal markers MAP-2 and NSE from 10-50 μM, decreased the detoxifying Glo1 enzyme from 50 μM, and activated NF-kB by nuclear translocation. The cytochemical evaluation of the 3D sections showed the presence of necrotic cells with loss of nuclei. Apoptotic cells were observed from 50 μM MGO after 48 h, and from 100 μM after 24 h. MGO (50-10 µM) also induced modifications of the cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. These effects worsened at the higher concentrations (300-500 µM). In 3D neuronal spheroids, MGO tested concentrations comparable to human samples levels measured in MGO-associated diseases, altered neuronal key signalling endpoints relevant for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. The findings also demonstrated that the use of 3D neuronal spheroids of human origin can be useful in a strategy in vitro for testing MGO and other dicarbonyls evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Villani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pathology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Lonati
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy
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4
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Wu L, Vllasaliu D, Cui Q, Raimi-Abraham BT. In Situ Self-Assembling Liver Spheroids with Synthetic Nanoscaffolds for Preclinical Drug Screening Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:25610-25621. [PMID: 38741479 PMCID: PMC11129140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common reasons for acute liver failure and a major reason for the withdrawal of medications from the market. There is a growing need for advanced in vitro liver models that can effectively recapitulate hepatic function, offering a robust platform for preclinical drug screening applications. Here, we explore the potential of self-assembling liver spheroids in the presence of electrospun and cryomilled poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanoscaffolds for use as a new preclinical drug screening tool. This study investigated the extent to which nanoscaffold concentration may have on spheroid size and viability and liver-specific biofunctionality. The efficacy of our model was further validated using a comprehensive dose-dependent acetaminophen toxicity protocol. Our findings show the strong potential of PCL-based nanoscaffolds to facilitate in situ self-assembly of liver spheroids with sizes under 350 μm. The presence of the PCL-based nanoscaffolds (0.005 and 0.01% w/v) improved spheroid viability and the secretion of critical liver-specific biomarkers, namely, albumin and urea. Liver spheroids with nanoscaffolds showed improved drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and greater sensitivity to acetaminophen compared to two-dimensional monolayer cultures and scaffold-free liver spheroids. These promising findings highlight the potential of our nanoscaffold-based liver spheroids as an in vitro liver model for drug-induced hepatotoxicity and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- King’s College London,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- King’s College London,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Qi Cui
- King’s College London,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Bahijja Tolulope Raimi-Abraham
- King’s College London,
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
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5
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Feigelman G, Simanovich E, Brockmeyer P, Rahat MA. EMMPRIN promotes spheroid organization and metastatic formation: comparison between monolayers and spheroids of CT26 colon carcinoma cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374088. [PMID: 38725999 PMCID: PMC11079191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro studies often use two-dimensional (2D) monolayers, but 3D cell organization, such as in spheroids, better mimics the complexity of solid tumors. To metastasize, cancer cells undergo the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to become more invasive and pro-angiogenic, with expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Aims We asked whether EMMPRIN/CD147 contributes to the formation of the 3D spheroid structure, and whether spheroids, which are often used to study proliferation and drug resistance, could better model the EMT process and the metastatic properties of cells, and improve our understanding of the role of EMMPRIN in them. Methods We used the parental mouse CT26 colon carcinoma (CT26-WT) cells, and infected them with a lentivirus vector to knock down EMMPRIN expression (CT26-KD cells), or with an empty lentivirus vector (CT26-NC) that served as a negative control. In some cases, we repeated the experiments with the 4T1 or LLC cell lines. We compared the magnitude of change between CT26-KD and CT26-WT/NC cells in different metastatic properties in cells seeded as monolayers or as spheroids formed by the scaffold-free liquid overlay method. Results We show that reduced EMMPRIN expression changed the morphology of cells and their spatial organization in both 2D and 3D models. The 3D models more clearly demonstrated how reduced EMMPRIN expression inhibited proliferation and the angiogenic potential, while it enhanced drug resistance, invasiveness, and EMT status, and moreover it enhanced cell dormancy and prevented CT26-KD cells from forming metastatic-like lesions when seeded on basement membrane extract (BME). Most interestingly, this approach enabled us to identify that EMMPRIN and miR-146a-5p form a negative feedback loop, thus identifying a key mechanism for EMMPRIN activities. These results underline EMMPRIN role as a gatekeeper that prevents dormancy, and suggest that EMMPRIN links EMT characteristics to the process of spheroid formation. Conclusions Thus, 3D models can help identify mechanisms by which EMMPRIN facilitates tumor and metastasis progression, which might render EMMPRIN as a promising target for anti-metastatic tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Feigelman
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Research Laboratories, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elina Simanovich
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Research Laboratories, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Phillipp Brockmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michal A. Rahat
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Research Laboratories, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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6
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Castro-Hinojosa C, Del Sol-Fernández S, Moreno-Antolín E, Martín-Gracia B, Ovejero JG, de la Fuente JM, Grazú V, Fratila RM, Moros M. A Simple and Versatile Strategy for Oriented Immobilization of His-Tagged Proteins on Magnetic Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2275-2292. [PMID: 37882455 PMCID: PMC10739578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Oriented and covalent immobilization of proteins on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is particularly challenging as it requires both the functionality of the protein and the colloidal stability of the MNPs to be preserved. Here, we describe a simple, straightforward, and efficient strategy for MNP functionalization with proteins using metal affinity binding. Our method involves a single-step process where MNPs are functionalized using a preformed, ready-to-use nitrilotriacetic acid-divalent metal cation (NTA-M2+) complex and polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the oriented immobilization of a recombinant cadherin fragment engineered with a hexahistidine tag (6His-tag) onto the MNPs. Our developed methodology is simple and direct, enabling the oriented bioconjugation of His-tagged cadherins to MNPs while preserving protein functionality and the colloidal stability of the MNPs, and could be extended to other proteins expressing a polyhistidine tag. When compared to the traditional method where NTA is first conjugated to the MNPs and afterward free metal ions are added to form the complex, this novel strategy results in a higher functionalization efficiency while avoiding MNP aggregation. Additionally, our method allows for covalent bonding of the cadherin fragments to the MNP surface while preserving functionality, making it highly versatile. Finally, our strategy not only ensures the correct orientation of the protein fragments on the MNPs but also allows for the precise control of their density. This feature enables the selective targeting of E-cadherin-expressing cells only when MNPs are decorated with a high density of cadherin fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Castro-Hinojosa
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Susel Del Sol-Fernández
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Antolín
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Gracia
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Jesús G. Ovejero
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM/CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department
of Dosimetry and Radioprotection, General
University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Dr Esquerdo 46, Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez de la Fuente
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Valeria Grazú
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Raluca M. Fratila
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - María Moros
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Krasnova O, Kovaleva A, Saveleva A, Kulakova K, Bystrova O, Martynova M, Domnina A, Sopova J, Neganova I. Mesenchymal stem cells lose the senescent phenotype under 3D cultivation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:373. [PMID: 38111010 PMCID: PMC10729581 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is widely used in various fields of cell biology. In comparison to conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, 3D cell culture facilitates a more accurate replication of the in vivo microenvironment, which is essential for obtaining more relevant results. The application of 3D cell culture techniques in regenerative medicine, particularly in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based research, has been extensively studied. Many of these studies focus on the enhanced paracrine activity of MSCs cultured in 3D environments. However, few focus on the cellular processes that occur during 3D cultivation. METHODS In this work, we studied the changes occurring within 3D-cultured MSCs (3D-MSCs). Specifically, we examined the expression of numerous senescent-associated markers, the actin cytoskeleton structure, the architecture of the Golgi apparatus and the localization of mTOR, one of the main positive regulators of replicative senescence. In addition, we assessed whether the selective elimination of senescent cells occurs upon 3D culturing by using cell sorting based on autofluorescence. RESULTS Our findings indicate that 3D-MSCs were able to lose replicative senescence markers under 3D cell culture conditions. We observed changes in actin cytoskeleton structure, Golgi apparatus architecture and revealed that 3D cultivation leads to the nuclear localization of mTOR, resulting in a decrease in its active cytoplasmic form. Additionally, our findings provide evidence that 3D cell culture promotes the phenotypic reversion of senescent cell phenotype rather than their removal from the bulk population. CONCLUSION These novel insights into the biology of 3D-MSCs can be applied to research in regenerative medicine to overcome replicative senescence and MSC heterogeneity as they often pose significant concerns regarding safety and effectiveness for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Krasnova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A Kovaleva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Saveleva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - K Kulakova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - O Bystrova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Martynova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Domnina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - J Sopova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Neganova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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8
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van de Weijer LL, Ercolano E, Zhang T, Shah M, Banton MC, Na J, Adams CL, Hilton D, Kurian KM, Hanemann CO. A novel patient-derived meningioma spheroid model as a tool to study and treat epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in meningiomas. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:198. [PMID: 38102708 PMCID: PMC10725030 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common intracranial brain tumours. These tumours are heterogeneous and encompass a wide spectrum of clinical aggressivity. Treatment options are limited to surgery and radiotherapy and have a risk of post-operative morbidities and radiation neurotoxicity, reflecting the need for new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) patient-derived cell culture models have been shown to closely recapitulate in vivo tumour biology, including microenvironmental interactions and have emerged as a robust tool for drug development. Here, we established a novel easy-to-use 3D patient-derived meningioma spheroid model using a scaffold-free approach. Patient-derived meningioma spheroids were characterised and compared to patient tissues and traditional monolayer cultures by histology, genomics, and transcriptomics studies. Patient-derived meningioma spheroids closely recapitulated morphological and molecular features of matched patient tissues, including patient histology, genomic alterations, and components of the immune microenvironment, such as a CD68 + and CD163 + positive macrophage cell population. Comprehensive transcriptomic profiling revealed an increase in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in meningioma spheroids compared to traditional monolayer cultures, confirming this model as a tool to elucidate EMT in meningioma. Therefore, as proof of concept study, we developed a treatment strategy to target EMT in meningioma. We found that combination therapy using the MER tyrosine kinase (MERTK) inhibitor UNC2025 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) effectively decreased meningioma spheroid viability and proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated this combination therapy significantly increased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and had a repressive effect on WHO grade 2-derived spheroid invasion, which is suggestive of a partial reversal of EMT in meningioma spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurien L van de Weijer
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Emanuela Ercolano
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Ting Zhang
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Maryam Shah
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Matthew C Banton
- Faculty of Health: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Juri Na
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Claire L Adams
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - David Hilton
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Derriford, Plymouth, PL6 8DH, Devon, UK
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- University of Bristol Medical School & North Bristol Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS1 0NB, UK
| | - C Oliver Hanemann
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK.
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Pawar NR, Buzza MS, Duru N, Strong AA, Antalis TM. Matriptase drives dissemination of ovarian cancer spheroids by a PAR-2/PI3K/Akt/MMP9 signaling axis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209114. [PMID: 37737895 PMCID: PMC10515437 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane serine protease matriptase is a key regulator of both barrier-disruptive and protective epithelial cell-cell interactions. Elevated matriptase is a consistent feature of epithelial ovarian cancers (OvCa), where multicellular spheroids shed from the primary tumor into the peritoneal cavity are critical drivers of metastasis. Dynamic cell-to-cell adhesive contacts are required for spheroid formation and maintenance. Here, we show that overactive matriptase, reflected in an increased ratio of matriptase to its inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI-1), disrupts cell-cell contacts to produce loose prometastatic spheroids that display increased mesothelial cell adhesion and submesothelial invasion. We show that these activities are dependent on the matriptase activation of a protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) signaling pathway involving PI3K/Akt and MMP9-induced disruption of cell-cell adhesion by the release of the soluble E-cadherin ectodomain. These data reveal a novel pathological connection between matriptase activation of PAR-2 and disruption of cell-cell adhesion, and support the clinical investigation of this signaling axis as a therapeutic strategy for aggressive metastatic OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R. Pawar
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marguerite S. Buzza
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nadire Duru
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amando A. Strong
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toni M. Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Goel R, Gulwani D, Upadhyay P, Sarangthem V, Singh TD. Unsung versatility of elastin-like polypeptide inspired spheroid fabrication: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123664. [PMID: 36791934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Lately, 3D cell culture technique has gained a lot of appreciation as a research model. Augmented with technological advancements, the area of 3D cell culture is growing rapidly with a diverse array of scaffolds being tested. This is especially the case for spheroid cultures. The culture of cells as spheroids provides opportunities for unanticipated vision into biological phenomena with its application to drug discovery, metabolic profiling, stem cell research as well as tumor, and disease biology. Spheroid fabrication techniques are broadly categorised into matrix-dependent and matrix-independent techniques. While there is a profusion of spheroid fabrication substrates with substantial biological relevance, an economical, modular, and bio-compatible substrate for high throughput production of spheroids is lacking. In this review, we posit the prospects of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) as a broad-spectrum spheroid fabrication platform. Elastin-like polypeptides are nature inspired, size-tunable genetically engineered polymers with wide applicability in various arena of biological considerations, has been employed for spheroid culture with profound utility. The technology offers a cheap, high-throughput, reproducible alternative for spheroid culture with exquisite adaptability. Here, we will brief the applicability of 3D cultures as compared to 2D cultures with spheroids being the focal point of the review. Common approaches to spheroid fabrication are discussed with existential limitations. Finally, the versatility of elastin-like polypeptide inspired substrates for spheroid culture has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Deepak Gulwani
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyay
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vijaya Sarangthem
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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11
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Phukhum P, Phetcharaburanin J, Chaleekarn K, Kittirat Y, Kulthawatsiri T, Namwat N, Loilome W, Khuntikeo N, Titapun A, Wangwiwatsin A, Khampitak T, Suksawat M, Klanrit P. The impact of hypoxia and oxidative stress on proteo-metabolomic alterations of 3D cholangiocarcinoma models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3072. [PMID: 36810897 PMCID: PMC9944917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional multicellular spheroid (3D MCS) model has been employed in cholangiocarcinoma research as it generates 3D architecture and includes more physiological relevance with the multicellular arrangement. However, it is also essential to explain the molecular signature in this microenvironment and its structural complexity. The results indicated that poorly differentiated CCA cell lines were unable to form 3D MCS due to the lack of cell adhesion molecules with more mesenchymal marker expression. The well-differentiated CCA and cholangiocyte cell lines were able to develop 3D MCSs with round shapes, smooth perimeter, and cell adhesion molecules that led to the hypoxic and oxidative microenvironment detected. For MMNK-1, KKU-213C, and KKU-213A MCSs, the proteo-metabolomic analysis showed proteins and metabolic products altered compared to 2D cultures, including cell-cell adhesion molecules, energy metabolism-related enzymes and metabolites, and oxidative-related metabolites. Therefore, the 3D MCSs provide different physiological states with different phenotypic signatures compared to 2D cultures. Considering the 3D model mimics more physiological relevance, it might lead to an alternate biochemical pathway, targeting to improve drug sensitivity for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimpawadee Phukhum
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Kwuanjira Chaleekarn
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Yingpinyapat Kittirat
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Kulthawatsiri
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Tueanjit Khampitak
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Manida Suksawat
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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12
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Cha J, Sim W, Yong I, Park J, Shim JK, Chang JH, Kang SG, Kim P. Assessing Spatial Distribution of Multicellular Self-Assembly Enables the Prediction of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5910. [PMID: 36497392 PMCID: PMC9737258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity of glioblastomas is a leading determinant of therapeutic resistance and treatment failure. However, functional assessment of the heterogeneity of glioblastomas is lacking. We developed a self-assembly-based assessment system that predicts inter/intracellular heterogeneity and phenotype associations, such as cell proliferation, invasiveness, drug responses, and gene expression profiles. Under physical constraints for cellular interactions, mixed populations of glioblastoma cells are sorted to form a segregated architecture, depending on their preference for binding to cells of the same phenotype. Cells distributed at the periphery exhibit a reduced temozolomide (TMZ) response and are associated with poor patient survival, whereas cells in the core of the aggregates exhibit a significant response to TMZ. Our results suggest that the multicellular self-assembly pattern is indicative of the intertumoral and intra-patient heterogeneity of glioblastomas, and is predictive of the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Cha
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Woogwang Sim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Insung Yong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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13
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Iyengar PV, Marvin DL, Lama D, Tan TZ, Suriyamurthy S, Xie F, van Dinther M, Mei H, Verma CS, Zhang L, Ritsma L, ten Dijke P. TRAF4 Inhibits Bladder Cancer Progression by Promoting BMP/SMAD Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1516-1531. [PMID: 35731212 PMCID: PMC9530648 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with bladder cancer often have a poor prognosis due to the highly invasive and metastatic characteristics of bladder cancer cells. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been causally linked to bladder cancer invasion. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) has been implicated as a tumor promoter in a wide range of cancers. In contrast, here we show that low TRAF4 expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with bladder cancer. We show that the TRAF4 gene is epigenetically silenced and that ERK mediates TRAF4 phosphorylation, resulting in lower TRAF4 protein levels in bladder cancer cells. In addition, we demonstrate that TRAF4 is inversely correlated with an EMT gene signature/protein marker expression. Functionally, by manipulating TRAF4 expression, we show that TRAF4 regulates EMT genes and epithelial and invasive properties in bladder cancer cells. Transcriptomic analysis of dysregulated TRAF4 expression in bladder cancer cell lines revealed that high TRAF4 expression enhances the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we show that TRAF4 targets the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1, a negative regulator of BMP/SMAD signaling, for proteasomal degradation in bladder cancer cells. This was corroborated in patient samples where TRAF4 positively correlates with phospho-SMAD1/5, and negatively correlates with phospho-NFκb-p65. Lastly, we show that genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of SMURF1 inhibits the migration of aggressive mesenchymal bladder cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS Our findings identify E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF4 as a potential therapeutic target or biomarker for bladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Vasudevan Iyengar
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Corresponding Authors: Prasanna Vasudevan Iyengar, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333ZC, the Netherlands. Phone: 715-269-271; Fax: 715-268-270; E-mail: ; and Peter ten Dijke,
| | - Dieuwke Louise Marvin
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dilraj Lama
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudha Suriyamurthy
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Feng Xie
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Maarten van Dinther
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chandra Shekhar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Corresponding Authors: Prasanna Vasudevan Iyengar, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333ZC, the Netherlands. Phone: 715-269-271; Fax: 715-268-270; E-mail: ; and Peter ten Dijke,
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14
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Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Kotta S, Deb PK, Venugopala KN. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models for Efficient Drug Discovery: Progress So Far and Future Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:926. [PMID: 36015074 PMCID: PMC9412659 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous advancements in technologies and resources, drug discovery still remains a tedious and expensive process. Though most cells are cultured using 2D monolayer cultures, due to lack of specificity, biochemical incompatibility, and cell-to-cell/matrix communications, they often lag behind in the race of modern drug discovery. There exists compelling evidence that 3D cell culture models are quite promising and advantageous in mimicking in vivo conditions. It is anticipated that these 3D cell culture methods will bridge the translation of data from 2D cell culture to animal models. Although 3D technologies have been adopted widely these days, they still have certain challenges associated with them, such as the maintenance of a micro-tissue environment similar to in vivo models and a lack of reproducibility. However, newer 3D cell culture models are able to bypass these issues to a maximum extent. This review summarizes the basic principles of 3D cell culture approaches and emphasizes different 3D techniques such as hydrogels, spheroids, microfluidic devices, organoids, and 3D bioprinting methods. Besides the progress made so far in 3D cell culture systems, the article emphasizes the various challenges associated with these models and their potential role in drug repositioning, including perspectives from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
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15
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Mammalian Cell Spheroids on Mixed Organic–Inorganic Superhydrophobic Coating. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041247. [PMID: 35209035 PMCID: PMC8878059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture has become a reliable method for reproducing in vitro cellular growth in more realistic physiological conditions. The surface hydrophobicity strongly influences the promotion of cell aggregate formation. In particular, for spheroid formation, highly water-repellent coatings seem to be required for the significant effects of the process. In this work, surfaces at different wettability have been compared to observe their influence on the growth and promotion of aggregates of representative mammalian cell lines, both tumoral and non-tumoral (3T3, HaCat and MCF-7 cell lines). The effect of increased hydrophobicity from TCPS to agarose hydrogel to mixed organic–inorganic superhydrophobic (SH) coating has been investigated by optical and fluorescence microscopy, and by 3D confocal profilometry, in a time scale of 24 h. The results show the role of less wettable substrates in inducing the formation of spheroid-like cell aggregates at a higher degree of sphericity for the studied cell lines.
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16
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Timothy Grass Pollen Induces Spatial Reorganisation of F-Actin and Loss of Junctional Integrity in Respiratory Cells. Inflammation 2022; 45:1209-1223. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Systematically Assessing Natural Compounds’ Wound Healing Potential with Spheroid and Scratch Assays. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:227-241. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Pagano A, Breuzard G, Parat F, Tchoghandjian A, Figarella-Branger D, De Bessa TC, Garrouste F, Douence A, Barbier P, Kovacic H. Tau Regulates Glioblastoma Progression, 3D Cell Organization, Growth and Migration via the PI3K-AKT Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225818. [PMID: 34830972 PMCID: PMC8616151 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Microtubule-associated protein Tau is expressed in different cancers; however, its role and prognostic value are still debated. In the present work, we evaluated the role of Tau in glioblastoma by down-regulating its expression in glioblastoma cells. We showed that Tau: (1) is required for tumor progression in nude mice; (2) is necessary for glioblastoma 3D cell organization, growth, and migration; and (3) regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Abstract The Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau is expressed in several cancers, including low-grade gliomas and glioblastomas. We have previously shown that Tau is crucial for the 2D motility of several glioblastoma cell lines, including U87-MG cells. Using an RNA interference (shRNA), we tested if Tau contributed to glioblastoma in vivo tumorigenicity and analyzed its function in a 3D model of multicellular spheroids (MCS). Tau depletion significantly increased median mouse survival in an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model. This was accompanied by the inhibition of MCS growth and cell evasion, as well as decreased MCS compactness, implying N-cadherin mislocalization. Intracellular Signaling Array analysis revealed a defective activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in Tau-depleted cells. Such a defect in PI3K/AKT signaling was responsible for reduced MCS growth and cell evasion, as demonstrated by the inhibition of the pathway in control MCS using LY294002 or Perifosine, which did not significantly affect Tau-depleted MCS. Finally, analysis of the glioblastoma TCGA dataset showed a positive correlation between the amount of phosphorylated Akt-Ser473 and the expression of MAPT RNA encoding Tau, underlining the relevance of our findings in glioblastoma disease. We suggest a role for Tau in glioblastoma by controlling 3D cell organization and functions via the PI3K/AKT signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pagano
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Team 9, UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (A.D.); (P.B.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gilles Breuzard
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Team 9, UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (A.D.); (P.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Fabrice Parat
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Team 9, UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (A.D.); (P.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Aurélie Tchoghandjian
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Team 8, UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.T.); (D.F.-B.)
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Team 8, UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (A.T.); (D.F.-B.)
- Service d’Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, CHU Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Tiphany Coralie De Bessa
- LIM 64: Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-090, SP, Brazil;
| | - Françoise Garrouste
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Team 9, UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (A.D.); (P.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Alexis Douence
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Team 9, UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (A.D.); (P.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Pascale Barbier
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Team 9, UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (A.D.); (P.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Team 9, UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (A.D.); (P.B.); (H.K.)
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19
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Zandi A, Rafizadeh‐Tafti S, Shojaeian F, Ali Khayamian M, Abbasvandi F, Faranoush M, Anbiaee R, Najafikhoshnoo S, Hoseinpour P, Assadi S, Katebi P, Davari sh. Z, Shalileh S, Salemizadeh Parizi M, Vanaei S, Ghaderinia M, Abadijoo H, Taheri P, Reza Esmailinejad M, Sanati H, Reza Rostami M, Sadeghian R, Kordehlachin Y, Sadegh Mousavi‐kiasary SM, Mamdouh A, Hossein Miraghaie S, Baharvand H, Abdolahad M. Positive electrostatic therapy of metastatic tumors: selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by pure charges. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7475-7491. [PMID: 34626092 PMCID: PMC8559484 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We discovered that pure positive electrostatic charges (PECs) have an intrinsic suppressive effect on the proliferation and metabolism of invasive cancer cells (cell lines and animal models) without affecting normal tissues. METHODS We interacted normal and cancer cell lines and animal tumors with PECs by connecting a charged patch to cancer cells and animal tumors. many biochemical, molecular and radiological assays were carried out on PEC treated and control samples. RESULTS Correlative interactions between electrostatic charges and cancer cells contain critical unknown factors that influence cancer diagnosis and treatment. Different types of cell analyses prove PEC-based apoptosis induction in malignant cell lines. Flowcytometry and viability assay depict selective destructive effects of PEC on malignant breast cancer cells. Additionally, strong patterns of pyknotic apoptosis, as well as downregulation of proliferative-associated proteins (Ki67, CD31, and HIF-1α), were observed in histopathological and immunohistochemical patterns of treated mouse malignant tumors, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results demonstrate up/down-regulated apoptotic/proliferative transcriptomes (P21, P27, P53/CD34, integrin α5, vascular endothelial growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) in treated animal tumors. Expression of propidium iodide in confocal microscopy images of treated malignant tissues was another indication of the destructive effects of PECs on such cells. Significant tumor size reduction and prognosis improvement were seen in over 95% of treated mouse models with no adverse effects on normal tissues. CONCLUSION We discovered that pure positive electrostatic charges (PECs) have an intrinsic suppressive effect on the proliferation and metabolism of invasive cancer cells (cell lines and animal models) without affecting normal tissues. The findings were statistically and observationally significant when compared to radio/chemotherapy-treated mouse models. As a result, this nonionizing radiation may be used as a practical complementary approach with no discernible side effects after passing future human model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Zandi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Nano Electronic Center of ExcellenceNanoelectronics and Thin Film Lab.School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Saeid Rafizadeh‐Tafti
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Shojaeian
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khayamian
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- ATMP DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteACECRTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research CenterInstitute of Endocrinology and MetabolismIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Cardio‐Oncology Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascuar Medical & Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Robab Anbiaee
- Department of Radiation OncologyImam Hossein HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sahar Najafikhoshnoo
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | | | - Sepanta Assadi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Pouyan Katebi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Zahra Davari sh.
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Shahriar Shalileh
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Salemizadeh Parizi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Shohreh Vanaei
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Ghaderinia
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Hamed Abadijoo
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Payam Taheri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyACECRTehranIran
| | | | - Hassan Sanati
- ATMP DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteACECRTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rostami
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Reza Sadeghian
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Yasin Kordehlachin
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - S. M. Sadegh Mousavi‐kiasary
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Amir Mamdouh
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Miraghaie
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Nano Electronic Center of ExcellenceNanoelectronics and Thin Film Lab.School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Cancer InstituteImam Khomeini HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- UT&TUMS Cancer electronic Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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20
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Rathnam C, Yang L, Castro-Pedrido S, Luo J, Cai L, Lee KB. Hybrid SMART spheroids to enhance stem cell therapy for CNS injuries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2281. [PMID: 34586845 PMCID: PMC8480929 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although stem cell therapy holds enormous potential for treating debilitating injuries and diseases in the central nervous system, low survival and inefficient differentiation have restricted its clinical applications. Recently, 3D cell culture methods, such as stem cell–based spheroids and organoids, have demonstrated advantages by incorporating tissue-mimetic 3D cell-cell interactions. However, a lack of drug and nutrient diffusion, insufficient cell-matrix interactions, and tedious fabrication procedures have compromised their therapeutic effects in vivo. To address these issues, we developed a biodegradable nanomaterial-templated 3D cell assembly method that enables the formation of hybrid stem cell spheroids with deep drug delivery capabilities and homogeneous incorporation of 3D cell-matrix interactions. Hence, high survival rates, controlled differentiation, and functional recovery were demonstrated in a spinal cord injury animal model. Overall, our hybrid stem cell spheroids represent a substantial development of material-facilitated 3D cell culture systems and can pave the way for stem cell–based treatment of CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sofia Castro-Pedrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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21
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Zhao Y, Meng K, Yan Y, Miao Y, Zhao X, Wei Q, Ma B. Inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of acinus-like structure formation from goat mammary epithelial cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:676-684. [PMID: 34312803 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cells have been suggested to be central to control the expansion and remodeling of mammary gland. Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulates cell fate in animals throughout their life span, and represents indispensable roles in tissue homeostasis, cell renewal, and regeneration in organs. Here, we utilized the small molecule 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and investigated whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulated the proliferation and acinus-like structure formation of goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). We showed that isolated GMECs displayed the typical epithelial cobblestone morphology and expressed specific markers of mammary epithelial cells. BIO inhibited the proliferation of GMECs and decreased the expression of proliferation marker c-myc and cell cycle protein cyclin D1. However, the ability of GMECs to form spheroids was accelerated, and the level of E-cadherin mRNA was upregulated with BIO treatment. E-cadherin showed a bright cytomembrane with DMSO treatment, yet E-cadherin was present in cytomembrane and cytoplasm in GMECs with BIO treatment. Meanwhile, BIO increased the protein level of β-catenin and enhanced the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus in GMECs. Furthermore, the mRNA level of Axin2 was also upregulated. This study suggested that Wnt/β-catenin signaling may play an important role in the proliferation and the acinus-like formation of GMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yutong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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adipoSIGHT in Therapeutic Response: Consequences in Osteosarcoma Treatment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8060083. [PMID: 34200614 PMCID: PMC8229256 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8060083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic resistance is a major problem in effective cancer treatment. Cancer cells engage various cells or mechanisms to resist anti-cancer therapeutics, which results in metastasis and the recurrence of disease. Considering the cellular heterogeneity of cancer stroma, the involvement of stem cells is reported to affect the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Hence, the duo (osteosarcoma: Saos 2 and human adipose-derived stem cells: ASCs) is co-cultured in present study to investigate the therapeutic response using a nonadherent, concave surface. Staining with a cell tracker allows real-time microscopic monitoring of the cell arrangement within the sphere. Cell–cell interaction is investigated by means of E-cadherin expression. Comparatively high expression of E-cadherin and compact organization is observed in heterotypic tumorspheres (Saos 2–ASCs) compared to homotypic ones (ASCs), limiting the infiltration of chemotherapeutic compound doxorubicin into the heterotypic tumorsphere, which in turn protects cells from the toxic effect of the chemotherapeutic. In addition, genes known to be associated with drug resistance, such as SOX2, OCT4, and CD44 are overexpressed in heterotypic tumorspheres post-chemotherapy, indicating that the duo collectively repels the effect of doxorubicin. The interaction between ASCs and Saos 2 in the present study points toward the growing oncological risk of using ASC-based regenerative therapy in cancer patients and warrants further investigation.
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23
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An Improved Scalable Hydrogel Dish for Spheroid Culture. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060517. [PMID: 34204955 PMCID: PMC8228346 DOI: 10.3390/life11060517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in fields studying cellular response to surface tension and mechanical forces necessitate cell culture tools with tunability of substrate stiffness. We created a scalable hydrogel dish design to facilitate scaffold-free formation of multiple spheroids in a single dish. Our novel design features inner and outer walls, allowing efficient media changes and downstream experiments. The design is easily scalable, accommodating varying numbers of microwells per plate. We report that non-adherent hydrogel stiffness affects spheroid morphology and compaction. We found that spheroid morphology and viability in our hydrogel dishes were comparable to commercially available Aggrewell™800 plates, with improved tunability of surface stiffness and imaging area. Device function was demonstrated with a migration assay using two investigational inhibitors against EMT. We successfully maintained primary-derived spheroids from murine and porcine lungs in the hydrogel dish. These features increase the ability to produce highly consistent cell aggregates for biological research.
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24
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Phasor S-FLIM: a new paradigm for fast and robust spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging. Nat Methods 2021; 18:542-550. [PMID: 33859440 PMCID: PMC10161785 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and spectral imaging are two broadly applied methods for increasing dimensionality in microscopy. However, their combination is typically inefficient and slow in terms of acquisition and processing. By integrating technological and computational advances, we developed a robust and unbiased spectral FLIM (S-FLIM) system. Our method, Phasor S-FLIM, combines true parallel multichannel digital frequency domain electronics with a multidimensional phasor approach to extract detailed and precise information about the photophysics of fluorescent specimens at optical resolution. To show the flexibility of the Phasor S-FLIM technology and its applications to the biological and biomedical field, we address four common, yet challenging, problems: the blind unmixing of spectral and lifetime signatures from multiple unknown species, the unbiased bleedthrough- and background-free Förster resonance energy transfer analysis of biosensors, the photophysical characterization of environment-sensitive probes in living cells and parallel four-color FLIM imaging in tumor spheroids.
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25
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Ghozlan H, Showalter A, Lee E, Zhu X, Khaled AR. Chaperonin-Containing TCP1 Complex (CCT) Promotes Breast Cancer Growth Through Correlations With Key Cell Cycle Regulators. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663877. [PMID: 33996588 PMCID: PMC8121004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation as a result of dysregulated cell cycling is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Therapeutically targeting pathways that control the cell cycle would improve patient outcomes. However, the development of drug resistance and a limited number of inhibitors that target multiple cell cycle modulators are challenges that impede stopping the deregulated growth that leads to malignancy. To advance the discovery of new druggable targets for cell cycle inhibition, we investigated the role of Chaperonin-Containing TCP1 (CCT or TRiC) in breast cancer cells. CCT, a type II chaperonin, is a multi-subunit protein-folding complex that interacts with many oncoproteins and mutant tumor suppressors. CCT subunits are highly expressed in a number of cancers, including breast cancer. We found that expression of one of the CCT subunits, CCT2, inversely correlates with breast cancer patient survival and is subject to copy number alterations through genomic amplification. To investigate a role for CCT2 in the regulation of the cell cycle, we expressed an exogenous CCT2-FLAG construct in T47D and MCF7 luminal A breast cancer cells and examined cell proliferation under conditions of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures. Exogenous CCT2 increased the proliferation of cancer cells, resulting in larger and multiple spheroids as compared to control cells. CCT2-expressing cells were also able to undergo spheroid growth reversal, re-attaching, and resuming growth in 2D cultures. Such cells gained anchorage-independent growth. CCT2 expression in cells correlated with increased expression of MYC, especially in spheroid cultures, and other cell cycle regulators like CCND1 and CDK2, indicative of a novel activity that could contribute to the increase in cell growth. Statistically significant correlations between CCT2, MYC, and CCND1 were shown. Since CCT2 is located on chromosome 12q15, an amplicon frequently found in soft tissue cancers as well as breast cancer, CCT2 may have the basic characteristics of an oncogene. Our findings suggest that CCT2 could be an essential driver of cell division that may be a node through which pathways involving MYC, cyclin D1 and other proliferative factors could converge. Hence the therapeutic inhibition of CCT2 may have the potential to achieve multi-target inhibition, overcoming the limitations associated with single agent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ghozlan
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Adrian Showalter
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Eunkyung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Annette R Khaled
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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26
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Chan YH, Lee YC, Hung CY, Yang PJ, Lai PC, Feng SW. Three-dimensional Spheroid Culture Enhances Multipotent Differentiation and Stemness Capacities of Human Dental Pulp-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating MAPK and NF-kB Signaling Pathways. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1810-1826. [PMID: 33893620 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) culture of mesenchymal stem cells has become an important research and development topic. However, comprehensive analysis of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) in 3D-spheroid culture remains unexplored. Thus, we evaluated the cellular characteristics, multipotent differentiation, gene expression, and related-signal transduction pathways of DPSCs in 3D-spheroid culture via magnetic levitation (3DM), compared with 2D-monolayer (2D) and 3D-aggregate (3D) cultures. METHODS The gross morphology and cellular ultrastructure were observed in the 2D, 3D, and 3DM experimental groups using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Surface markers and trilineage differentiation were evaluated using flow cytometry and staining analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining (IF) were performed to investigate the expression of differentiation and stemness markers. Signaling transduction pathways were evaluated using western blot analysis. RESULTS The morphology of cell aggregates and spheroids was largely influenced by the types of cell culture plates and initial cell seeding density. SEM and TEM experiments confirmed that the solid and firm structure of spheroids was quickly formed in the 3DM-medium without damaging cells. In addition, these three groups all expressed multilineage differentiation capabilities and surface marker expression. The trilineage differentiation capacities of the 3DM-group were significantly superior to the 2D and 3D-groups. The osteogenesis, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and stemness-related genes were significantly enhanced in the 3D and 3DM-groups. The IF analysis showed that the extracellular matrix expression, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis proteins of the 3DM-group were significantly higher than those in the 2D and 3D-groups. Finally, 3DM-culture significantly activated the MAPK and NF-kB signaling transduction pathways and ameliorated the apoptosis effects of 3D-culture. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that 3DM-spheroids efficiently enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chan
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hung
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Ju Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chuang Lai
- Department of Diagnosis and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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27
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Decarli MC, do Amaral RLF, Dos Santos DP, Tofani LB, Katayama E, Rezende RA, Silva JVLD, Swiech K, Suazo CAT, Mota C, Moroni L, Moraes ÂM. Cell spheroids as a versatile research platform: formation mechanisms, high throughput production, characterization and applications. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33592595 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abe6f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture has tremendous advantages to closely mimic the in vivo architecture and microenvironment of healthy tissue and organs, as well as of solid tumors. Spheroids are currently the most attractive 3D model to produce uniform reproducible cell structures as well as a potential basis for engineering large tissues and complex organs. In this review we discuss, from an engineering perspective, processes to obtain uniform 3D cell spheroids, comparing dynamic and static cultures and considering aspects such as mass transfer and shear stress. In addition, computational and mathematical modelling of complex cell spheroid systems are discussed. The non-cell-adhesive hydrogel-based method and dynamic cell culture in bioreactors are focused in detail and the myriad of developed spheroid characterization techniques is presented. The main bottlenecks and weaknesses are discussed, especially regarding the analysis of morphological parameters, cell quantification and viability, gene expression profiles, metabolic behavior and high-content analysis. Finally, a vast set of applications of spheroids as tools for in vitro study model systems is examined, including drug screening, tissue formation, pathologies development, tissue engineering and biofabrication, 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, together with their use in high-throughput platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monize Caiado Decarli
- School of Chemical Engineering/Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500 - Bloco A - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, BRAZIL
| | - Robson Luis Ferraz do Amaral
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, no number, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, BRAZIL
| | - Diogo Peres Dos Santos
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz (SP-310), km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Larissa Bueno Tofani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, no number, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, BRAZIL
| | - Eric Katayama
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz (SP-310), km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo Alvarenga Rezende
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Rod. Dom Pedro I (SP-65), km 143,6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, BRAZIL
| | - Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Rod. Dom Pedro I (SP-65), km 143,6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, BRAZIL
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-903, BRAZIL
| | - Cláudio Alberto Torres Suazo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz (SP-310), km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration (CTR), University of Maastricht , Universiteitssingel, 40, office 3.541A, Maastricht, 6229 ER, NETHERLANDS
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel, 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, NETHERLANDS
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- School of Chemical Engineering/Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500 - Bloco A - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, BRAZIL
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Onbas R, Arslan Yildiz A. Fabrication of Tunable 3D Cellular Structures in High Volume Using Magnetic Levitation Guided Assembly. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1794-1802. [PMID: 35014525 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tunable and reproducible size with high circularity is an important limitation to obtain three-dimensional (3D) cellular structures and spheroids in scaffold free tissue engineering approaches. Here, we present a facile methodology based on magnetic levitation (MagLev) to fabricate 3D cellular structures rapidly and easily in high-volume and low magnetic field. In this study, 3D cellular structures were fabricated using magnetic levitation directed assembly where cells are suspended and self-assembled by contactless magnetic manipulation in the presence of a paramagnetic agent. The effect of cell seeding density, culture time, and paramagnetic agent concentration on the formation of 3D cellular structures was evaluated for NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. In addition, magnetic levitation guided cellular assembly and 3D tumor spheroid formation was examined for five different cancer cell lines: MCF7 (human epithelial breast adenocarcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (human epithelial breast adenocarcinoma), SH-SY5Y (human bone-marrow neuroblastoma), PC-12 (rat adrenal gland pheochromocytoma), and HeLa (human epithelial cervix adenocarcinoma). Moreover, formation of a 3D coculture model was successfully observed by using MDA-MB-231 dsRED and MDA-MB-231 GFP cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the developed MagLev setup provides an easy and efficient way to fabricate 3D cellular structures and may be a feasible alternative to conventional methodologies for cellular/multicellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Onbas
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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Zhu T, Wang SH, Li D, Wang SY, Liu X, Song J, Wang YT, Zhang SY. Progress of tubulin polymerization activity detection methods. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 37:127698. [PMID: 33468346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin, an important target in tumor therapy, is one of the hotspots in the field of antineoplastic drugs in recent years, and it is of great significance to design and screen new inhibitors for this target. Natural products and chemical synthetic drugs are the main sources of tubulin inhibitors. However, due to the variety of compound structure types, it has always been difficult for researchers to screen out polymerization inhibitors with simple operation, high efficiency and low cost. A large number of articles have reported the screening methods of tubulin inhibitors and their biological activity. In this article, the biological activity detection methods of tubulin polymerization inhibitors are reviewed. Thus, it provides a theoretical basis for the further study of tubulin polymerization inhibitors and the selection of methods for tubulin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shu-Yu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Park IS. Synergistic effect of three-dimensional coculture and photobiomodulation therapy on vascularized liver spheroid formation by stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5865-5874. [PMID: 33432611 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite studies reporting functional differentiation of liver cells, a three-dimensional, vascularized liver organ has yet to be developed from mesenchymal stem cells. We investigated whether treatment with photobiomodulation (PBM) before three-dimensional liver spheroid transplantation improved the recovery of liver function via stimulation of angiogenesis and hepatocyte differentiation. Liver spheroids composed of hepatic, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells were subjected to PBM therapy. To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of the liver spheroids treated with PBM, phosphate-buffered saline, liver spheroid, and PBM-treated liver spheroid were transplanted into a damaged host liver using conventional chimeric mouse models. To further characterize the maturation of transplanted PBM-liver spheroid compared with the newly generated non-PBM-liver spheroid or human liver tissues, the expression profiles of mature liver signature genes were analyzed. Liver spheroids expressed hepatocyte growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenic factors. The cells in liver spheroid compensated for the low viability and improved the function of hepatocytes. Here, we demonstrate the formation of vascularized and functional human liver spheroid from human adipose-derived stem cells by transplantation of liver tissue created in vitro. Albumin secretion by PBM-treated liver spheroid was higher on Day 28 compared with liver spheroid-seeded transplant group. PBM-liver spheroids serve as individual vascularization units, promoting the simultaneous development of new microvascular networks at different locations inside the implanted tissue constructs. The vasculature in the liver spheroid transplants became functional by connecting to the host vessels within 48 h. These PBM-liver spheroids may be useful in designing artificial three-dimensional hepatic tissue constructs and in cell therapy with limited numbers of human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Su Park
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Ospina-Muñoz N, Vernot JP. Partial acquisition of stemness properties in tumorspheres obtained from interleukin-8-treated MCF-7 cells. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320979438. [PMID: 33325322 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320979438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-8 is an important regulator of the tumor microenvironment, promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the acquisition of stem-like cell properties in cancer cells. The tumorsphere-formation assay has been used for the identification of cancer stem cell. Interleukin-8 induces the formation of larger tumorspheres in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells, suggesting cancer stem cell enrichment. In this work, we aimed to study the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the cells present within the tumorspheres of MCF-7 cells previously treated with interleukin-8. MCF-7 cells treated for 5 days or not with this cytokine were further cultivated in ultralow attachment plates for another 5 days to allow tumorspheres formation. We showed that the enhanced sphere formation by MCF-7 cells was not a consequence of higher cell proliferation by interleukin-8 stimulation. Despite maintaining an epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype with the presence of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, basic stemness properties were impaired in tumorspheres and in those treated with interleukin-8, while others were increased. Self-renewal capacity was increased in interleukin-8-treated cells only in the first generation of tumorspheres but was not sustained in consecutive assays. Accordingly, self-renewal and reprogramming gene expression, differentiation capacity to adipocytes, and clonogenicity were also impaired. We showed also that tumorspheres were enriched in differentiated luminal cells (EpCAM+/CD49f-). Nevertheless, cells were more quiescent and maintain a partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition, consistent with their increased resistance to Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin. They also presented higher migration and interleukin-8-directed invasion. Therefore, the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, having a low stemness index, might partially acquire some stem-like cell attributes after interleukin-8 stimulation, increasing its aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ospina-Muñoz
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Jean-Paul Vernot
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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Fröhlich E. Issues with Cancer Spheroid Models in Therapeutic Drug Screening. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2137-2148. [PMID: 32067603 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200218094200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screening for anti-cancer agents currently uses mainly cell lines in 2D culture. It is generally assumed that 3D culture, namely spheroids, represents physiologically more relevant models for tumors. Unfortunately, drug testing in spheroids is not as easy and reproducible as in 2D culture because there are factors that limit the universal use of spheroids as screening platforms. Technical problems in the generation of uniform spheroids, cell/tumor-specific differences in the ability to form spheroids, and more complex readout parameters are the main reasons for differences between spheroid data. The review discusses requirements for cancer spheroids to be representative models, suitable methodologies to generate spheroids for the screening and readout parameters for the evaluation of anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Druzhkova I, Shirmanova M, Ignatova N, Dudenkova V, Lukina M, Zagaynova E, Safina D, Kostrov S, Didych D, Kuzmich A, Sharonov G, Rakitina O, Alekseenko I, Sverdlov E. Expression of EMT-Related Genes in Hybrid E/M Colorectal Cancer Cells Determines Fibroblast Activation and Collagen Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218119. [PMID: 33143259 PMCID: PMC7662237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen, the main non-cellular component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is profoundly reorganized during tumorigenesis and has a strong impact on tumor behavior. The main source of collagen in tumors is cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer cells can also participate in the synthesis of ECM; however, the contribution of both types of cells to collagen rearrangements during the tumor progression is far from being clear. Here, we investigated the processes of collagen biosynthesis and remodeling in parallel with the transcriptome changes during cancer cells and fibroblasts interactions. Combining immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and second harmonic generation microscopy, we have explored the relationships between the ratio of epithelial (E) and mesenchymal (M) components of hybrid E/M cancer cells, their ability to activate fibroblasts, and the contributions of both cell types to collagen remodeling. To this end, we studied (i) co-cultures of colorectal cancer cells and normal fibroblasts in a collagen matrix, (ii) patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts, and (iii) mouse xenograft models. We found that the activation of normal fibroblasts that form dense collagen networks consisting of large, highly oriented fibers depends on the difference in E/M ratio in the cancer cells. The more-epithelial cells activate the fibroblasts more strongly, which correlates with a dense and highly ordered collagen structure in tumors in vivo. The more-mesenchymal cells activate the fibroblasts to a lesser degree; on the other hand, this cell line has a higher innate collagen remodeling capacity. Normal fibroblasts activated by cancer cells contribute to the organization of the extracellular matrix in a way that is favorable for migratory potency. At the same time, in co-culture with epithelial cancer cells, the contribution of fibroblasts to the reorganization of ECM is more pronounced. Therefore, one can expect that targeting the ability of epithelial cancer cells to activate normal fibroblasts may provide a new anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Druzhkova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Marina Shirmanova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Ignatova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Varvara Dudenkova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Lukina
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dina Safina
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Sergey Kostrov
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Dmitry Didych
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
| | - Alexey Kuzmich
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - George Sharonov
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Rakitina
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, FSBI «National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov» Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia
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Pilz M, Kwapiszewska K, Kalwarczyk T, Bubak G, Nowis D, Hołyst R. Transport of nanoprobes in multicellular spheroids. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19880-19887. [PMID: 32975267 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficient delivery of drugs to cells depends on their diffusion through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. Here we present a study on the diffusion of nanoprobes of radius from 1 nm to over 100 nm in the ECM of spheroids of three cell types (HeLa, MCF-7 and fibroblasts). We quantified the nanoparticle transport in the spheroids' proliferating zone. We determined the size-dependent viscosity of the ECM. We revealed that nanoobjects up to 10 nm in radius exhibited unobstructed diffusion in the ECM, regardless of the spheroid type. The presented length-scale dependent viscosity profiles for spheroids pave the way for advanced modelling of drug administration through tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pilz
- Department of Soft Condensed Matter, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karina Kwapiszewska
- Department of Soft Condensed Matter, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Kalwarczyk
- Department of Soft Condensed Matter, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Bubak
- Department of Soft Condensed Matter, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Genomic Medicine, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland and Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Hołyst
- Department of Soft Condensed Matter, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Li H, Liu S, Wu S, Ge R, Cheng CY. NC1-Peptide From Collagen α3 (IV) Chains in the Basement Membrane of Testes Regulates Spermatogenesis via p-FAK-Y407. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5881724. [PMID: 32761085 PMCID: PMC7478323 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) in the testis is an important ultrastructure to support spermatogenesis. This blood-tissue barrier undergoes remodeling at late stage VII to early stage IX of the epithelial cycle to support the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes across the BTB to prepare for meiosis I/II at the apical compartment through a mechanism that remains to be delineated. Studies have shown that NC1-peptide-derived collagen α3 (IV) chain in the basement membrane is a bioactive peptide that induces BTB remodeling. It also promotes the release of fully developed spermatids into the tubule lumen. Thus, this endogenously produced peptide coordinates these 2 cellular events across the seminiferous epithelium. Using an NC1-peptide complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) construct to transfect adult rat testes for overexpression, NC1-peptide was found to effectively induce germ cell exfoliation and BTB remodeling, which was associated with a surge and activation of p-rpS6, the downstream signaling protein of mTORC1 and the concomitant downregulation of p-FAK-Y407 in the testis. In order to define the functional relationship between p-rpS6 and p-FAK-Y407 signaling to confer the ability of NC1-peptide to regulate testis function, a phosphomimetic (and thus constitutively active) mutant of p-FAK-Y407 (p-FAK-Y407E-MT) was used for its co-transfection, utilizing Sertoli cells cultured in vitro with a functional tight junction (TJ) barrier that mimicked the BTB in vivo. Overexpression of p-FAK-Y407E-MT blocked the effects of NC1-peptide to perturb Sertoli cell BTB function by promoting F-actin and microtubule cytoskeleton function, and downregulated the NC1-peptide-mediated induction of p-rpS6 activation. In brief, NC1-peptide is an important endogenously produced biomolecule that regulates BTB dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Mary Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Shiwen Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Mary Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Mary Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Mary Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
- Correspondence: C. Yan Cheng, PhD, Senior Scientist, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, New York 10065. E-mail:
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Cell culture dimensionality influences mesenchymal stem cell fate through cadherin-2 and cadherin-11. Biomaterials 2020; 254:120127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Białkowska K, Komorowski P, Bryszewska M, Miłowska K. Spheroids as a Type of Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures-Examples of Methods of Preparation and the Most Important Application. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6225. [PMID: 32872135 PMCID: PMC7503223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures are very important for testing materials and drugs, and in the examination of cell biology and special cell mechanisms. The most popular models of cell culture are two-dimensional (2D) as monolayers, but this does not mimic the natural cell environment. Cells are mostly deprived of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. A much better in vitro model is three-dimensional (3D) culture. Because many cell lines have the ability to self-assemble, one 3D culturing method is to produce spheroids. There are several systems for culturing cells in spheroids, e.g., hanging drop, scaffolds and hydrogels, and these cultures have their applications in drug and nanoparticles testing, and disease modeling. In this paper we would like to present methods of preparation of spheroids in general and emphasize the most important applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Białkowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St. Building D, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (K.M.)
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory, “Bionanopark” Ldt., 114/116 Dubois St., 93-465 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Komorowski
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory, “Bionanopark” Ldt., 114/116 Dubois St., 93-465 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials Science, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St. Building D, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Miłowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St. Building D, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (K.M.)
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A Simple Three-Dimensional In Vitro Culture Mimicking the In Vivo-Like Cell Behavior of Bladder Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051304. [PMID: 32455634 PMCID: PMC7281103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models allow for personalized drug selection and the identification of drug resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. However, PDX models present technical disadvantages, such as long engraftment time, low success rate, and high maintenance cost. On the other hand, tumor spheroids are emerging as an in vitro alternative model that can maintain the phenotype of cancer cells long enough to perform all assays and predict a patient’s outcome. The present work aimed to describe a simple, reproducible, and low-cost 3D in vitro culture method to generate bladder tumor spheroids using human cells from PDX mice. Cancer cells from PDX BL0293 and BL0808 models, previously established from advanced bladder cancer, were cultured in 96-well round-bottom ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates with 5% Matrigel and generated regular and round-shaped spheroids (roundness > 0.8) with a diameter larger than 400 μm and a hypoxic core (a feature related to drug resistance in solid tumors). The responses of the tumor spheroids to the antineoplastic drugs cisplatin, gemcitabine, and their combination were similar to tumor responses in in vivo studies with PDX BL0293 and BL0808 mice. Therefore, the in vitro 3D model using PDX tumor spheroids appears as a valuable tool that may predict the outcome of in vivo drug-screening assays and represents a low-cost strategy for such purpose.
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A Reliable Flow-Based Method for the Accurate Measure of Mass Density, Size and Weight of Live 3D Tumor Spheroids. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050465. [PMID: 32354148 PMCID: PMC7281630 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gathering precise information on mass density, size and weight of cells or cell aggregates, is crucial for applications in many biomedical fields with a specific focus on cancer research. Although few technical solutions have been presented for single-cell analysis, literature does not cover this aspect for 3D models such as spheroids. Since the research interest on such samples is notably rising, here we describe a flow-apparatus, and the associated physical method and operative protocol for the accurate measurements of mass density, size and weight. The technique is based on the detection of the terminal velocity of a free-falling sample into a specifically conceived analysis flow-channel. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the presented flow-device, analyses were initially carried out on standardized polystyrene beads. Finally, to display the application of the proposed system for biological samples, mass density, size and weight of live SW620 tumor spheroids were analyzed. The combined measurements of such parameters can represent a step toward a deeper understanding of 3D culture models.
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Melnik D, Sahana J, Corydon TJ, Kopp S, Nassef MZ, Wehland M, Infanger M, Grimm D, Krüger M. Dexamethasone Inhibits Spheroid Formation of Thyroid Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020367. [PMID: 32033410 PMCID: PMC7072698 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Detachment and the formation of spheroids under microgravity conditions can be observed with various types of intrinsically adherent human cells. In particular, for cancer cells this process mimics metastasis and may provide insights into cancer biology and progression that can be used to identify new drug/target combinations for future therapies. By using the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), we were able to suppress spheroid formation in a culture of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC)-133 cells that were exposed to altered gravity conditions on a random positioning machine. DEX inhibited the growth of three-dimensional cell aggregates in a dose-dependent manner. In the first approach, we analyzed the expression of several factors that are known to be involved in key processes of cancer progression such as autocrine signaling, proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and anoikis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and expression patterns of important genes in cancer cell growth and survival, which were further suggested to play a role in three-dimensional aggregation, such as NFKB2, VEGFA, CTGF, CAV1, BCL2(L1), or SNAI1, were clearly affected by DEX. Our data suggest the presence of a more complex regulation network of tumor spheroid formation involving additional signal pathways or individual key players that are also influenced by DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melnik
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Thomas J. Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Pfälzer Platz, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6721-267
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Up-Regulation of Superoxide Dismutase 2 in 3D Spheroid Formation Promotes Therapeutic Potency of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010066. [PMID: 31940867 PMCID: PMC7023074 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) are accessible, available in abundance, and have been shown to be a promising source that can regenerate cartilage in patients with osteoarthritis or other orthopedic diseases. Recently, a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system was developed to mimic the naive tissue microenvironment. However, the efficacy of cells generated from the 3D spheroid culture system has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate the changes in superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression, an indicator of oxidative stress, on 3D spheroid MSCs. Moreover, siRNA transfection and neutralizing antibody investigations were performed to confirm the function of SOD2 and E-cadherin. Overall, we found that SOD2 siRNA transfection in the spheroid form of MSCs increases the expression of apoptotic genes and decreases the clearance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a result, we confirm that 3D spheroid formation increases E-cadherin and SOD2 expression, ultimately regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/pAkt/pNrf2 and pERK/pNrf2 signaling pathway. Additionally, we show that SOD2 expression on 3D spheroid MSCs affects the regeneration rates of destructive cartilage in an osteoarthritic model. We postulate that the impact of SOD2 expression on 3D spheroid MSCs reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis, and also promotes cartilage regeneration.
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Mehruba M, Siddique SM, Mukai H. PKN1 controls the aggregation, spheroid formation, and viability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts in suspension culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:398-404. [PMID: 31870546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of protein kinase N1 (PKN1) in cell aggregation and spheroid formation was investigated using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) deficient in kinase activity caused by a point mutation (T778A) in the activation loop. Wild type (WT) MEFs formed cell aggregates within a few hours in suspension cultures placed in poly-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (poly-HEMA) coated flat-bottom dishes. By contrast, PKN1[T778A] (PKN1 T778A/T778A homozygous knock-in) MEFs showed significantly delayed aggregate formation and higher susceptibility to cell death. Video analysis of suspension cultures revealed decreased cell motility and lesser frequency of cell-cell contact in PKN1[T778A] MEFs compared to that in WT MEFs. Aggregate formation of PKN1[T778A] MEFs was compensated by shaking the cell suspension. When cultured in U-shaped ultra-low attachment well plates, initially larger-sized and loosely packed aggregates of WT MEFs underwent compaction resulting in a single round spheroid. On the other hand, image-based quantitative analysis of PKN1[T778A] MEFs revealed irregular compaction with decreased roundness, solidity, and sphericity within 24 h. Flow cytometry of PKN1[T778A] MEFs revealed decreased surface-expression of N-cadherin and integrins α5 and αV. These results suggest that kinase activity of PKN1 controls cell aggregation and spheroid compaction in MEF suspension culture, possibly by regulating the cell migration and cell-surface expression of N-cadherin and integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mehruba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Mukai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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Xu L, Chen S, Lu X, Lu Q. Durable superamphiphobic silica aerogel surfaces for the culture of 3D cellular spheroids. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:1255-1265. [PMID: 34692003 PMCID: PMC8291414 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D multicellular spheroids with intact cell-cell junctions have major roles in biological research by virtue of their unique advantage of mimicking the cellular physiological environments. In this work, a durable superamphiphobic silica aerogel surface (SSAS) has been fabricated for the upward culture of 3D multicellular spheroids. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was first electrodeposited on a conductive steel mesh as a first template for porous silica coating. Soot particles were then applied as a second template to construct a cauliflower-like silica aerogel nanostructure. After fluorination, a hierarchical structure with re-entrant curvature was finally fabricated as a durable superamphiphobic surface. This superamphiphobic surface also presented excellent antifouling towards biomacromolecules and cells, which has been demonstrated by the successful upward culture of cell spheroids. The upward culture makes the observation of cellular behavior in situ possible, holding great potential for 3D cellular evaluation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyi Xu
- School of Materials Science, Institute of Energy Equipment Materials, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuemin Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhao L, Mok S, Moraes C. Micropocket hydrogel devices for all-in-one formation, assembly, and analysis of aggregate-based tissues. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab30b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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