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Lou X, Wang J, Wang G, He D, Shang W, Song Y, Wang Z, He S. Genome-Wide Analysis of the WOX Family and Its Expression Pattern in Root Development of Paeonia ostii. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7668. [PMID: 39062910 PMCID: PMC11277081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a woody plant with high ornamental, medicinal, and oil values. However, its low rooting rate and poor rooting quality are bottleneck issues in the micropropagation of P. ostii. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family plays a crucial role in root development. In this study, based on the screening of the genome and root transcriptome database, we identified ten WOX members in P. ostii. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ten PoWOX proteins clustered into three major clades, the WUS, intermediate, and ancient clade, respectively. The conserved motifs and tertiary structures of PoWOX proteins located in the same clade exhibited higher similarity. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements in the promoter indicated that PoWOX genes are involved in plant growth and development, phytohormones, and stress responses. The expression analysis revealed that PoWOX genes are expressed in distinct tissues. PoWOX4, PoWOX5, PoWOX11, and PoWOX13b are preferentially expressed in roots at the early stage of root primordium formation, suggesting their role in the initiation and development of roots. These results will provide a comprehensive reference for the evolution and potential function of the WOX family and offer guidance for further study on the root development of tree peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Lou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Jiange Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guiqing Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Dan He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Wenqian Shang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yinglong Song
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Songlin He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
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Wang Y, Yang L, Geng W, Cheng R, Zhang H, Zhou H. Genome-wide prediction and functional analysis of WOX genes in blueberry. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:434. [PMID: 38693497 PMCID: PMC11064388 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WOX genes are a class of plant-specific transcription factors. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family is a member of the homeobox transcription factor superfamily. Previous studies have shown that WOX members play important roles in plant growth and development. However, studies of the WOX gene family in blueberry plants have not been reported. RESULTS In order to understand the biological function of the WOX gene family in blueberries, bioinformatics were used methods to identify WOX gene family members in the blueberry genome, and analyzed the basic physical and chemical properties, gene structure, gene motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, chromosome location, evolutionary relationships, expression pattern of these family members and predicted their functions. Finally, 12 genes containing the WOX domain were identified and found to be distributed on eight chromosomes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the blueberry WOX gene family had three major branches: ancient branch, middle branch, and WUS branch. Blueberry WOX gene family protein sequences differ in amino acid number, molecular weight, isoelectric point and hydrophobicity. Predictive analysis of promoter cis-acting elements showed that the promoters of the VdWOX genes contained abundant light response, hormone, and stress response elements. The VdWOX genes were induced to express in both stems and leaves in response to salt and drought stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided comprehensive characteristics of the WOX gene family and important clues for further exploration of its role in the growth, development and resistance to various stress in blueberry plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
- Bestplant (Shandong) Stem Cell Engineering Co., Ltd, 300 Changjiang Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenzhu Geng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
- Bestplant (Shandong) Stem Cell Engineering Co., Ltd, 300 Changjiang Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China.
| | - Houjun Zhou
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
- Bestplant (Shandong) Stem Cell Engineering Co., Ltd, 300 Changjiang Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China.
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Li Z, Qian W, Qiu S, Wang W, Jiang M, Hu X, Huang H, Lin E. Identification and characterization of the WOX Gene Family revealed two WUS Clade Members associated with embryo development in Cunninghamia lanceolata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108570. [PMID: 38560957 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family is vital for plant development and stress response. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of WOX genes in Cunninghamia lanceolata (C. lanceolata) and subsequently explored the potential roles of two ClWOX genes within the WUS clade. In total, six ClWOX genes were identified through a full-length transcriptome analysis. These genes, exhibiting conserved structural and functional motifs, were assigned to the ancient clade and Modern/WUS clade, respectively, through a phylogenetic analysis. Our expression analysis indicated that these ClWOX genes were highly expressed in the middle and late developmental stages of zygotic embryos in C. lanceolata. Moreover, only ClWOX5 and ClWOX6 within the Modern/WUS clade exhibited transcriptional activity, and their expressions were also induced in response to auxin and wounding. Overexpression of ClWOX5 and ClWOX6 in Arabidopsis caused a partially sterile phenotype, resulting in a very low seed setting rate. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that expressions of many embryo-defective (EMB) genes, phytohormone-related genes, and transcription factors (TFs) were dramatically altered in ClWOX5 and ClWOX6 transgenic plants, which suggested that ClWOX5 and ClWOX6 may play specific important roles in embryo development via complex gene networks. In addition, overexpression of ClWOX5 and ClWOX6 in leaf segments promoted shoot regeneration in tobacco, indicating that ClWOX5 and ClWOX6 can promote plant regeneration and could be used to improve genetic transformation. In conclusion, these results help to elucidate the function of the WOX gene and provide a valuable basis for future studies of the developmental regulation and applications of WOX genes in C. lanceolata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiange Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahong Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Erpei Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
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Yang Y, Ren Z, Li L, Li Y, Han Y, Liu Y, Cao H. WOX2 functions redundantly with WOX1 and WOX4 to positively regulate seed germination in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2024; 259:83. [PMID: 38441675 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION WOX family gene WOX2 is highly expressed during seed development, which functions redundantly with WOX1 and WOX4 to positively regulate seed germination. WOX (WUSCHEL-related homeobox) is a family of transcription factors in plants. They play essential roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, but their function in seed germination is not well understood. In this report, we show that WOX1, WOX2, and WOX4 are close homologues in Arabidopsis. WOX2 has a redundant function with WOX1 and WOX4, respectively, in seed germination. WOX2 is highly expressed during seed development, from the globular embryonic stage to mature dry seeds, and its expression is decreased after germination. Loss of function single mutant wox2, and double mutants wox1 wox2 and wox2 wox4-1 show decreased germination speed. WOX2 and WOX4 are essential for hypocotyl-radicle zone elongation during germination, potentially by promoting the expression of cell wall-related genes. We also found that WOX2 and WOX4 regulate germination through the gibberellin (GA) pathway. These results suggest that WOX2 and WOX4 integrate the GA pathway and downstream cell wall-related genes during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ziyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Li JJ, Qiu XY, Dai YJ, Nyonga TM, Li CC. Genome-Wide Identification and Co-Expression Networks of WOX Gene Family in Nelumbo nucifera. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:720. [PMID: 38475567 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes are a class of plant-specific transcription factors, regulating the development of multiple tissues. However, the genomic characterizations and expression patterns of WOX genes have not been analyzed in lotus. In this study, 15 NnWOX genes were identified based on the well-annotated reference genome of lotus. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the NnWOX genes were clustered into three clades, i.e., ancient clade, intermediate clade, and WUS clade. Except for the conserved homeobox motif, we further found specific motifs of NnWOX genes in different clades and divergence gene structures, suggesting their distinct functions. In addition, two NnWOX genes in the ancient clade have conserved expression patterns and other NnWOX genes exhibit different expression patterns in lotus tissues, suggesting a low level of functional redundancy in lotus WOX genes. Furthermore, we constructed the gene co-expression networks for each NnWOX gene. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), ten NnWOX genes and their co-expressed genes were assigned to the modules that were significantly related to the cotyledon and seed coat. We further performed RT-qPCR experiments, validating the expression levels of ten NnWOX genes in the co-expression networks. Our study reveals comprehensive genomic features of NnWOX genes in lotus, providing a solid basis for further function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Li
- Hubei Province Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qiu
- Hubei Province Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Yu-Jun Dai
- Hubei Province Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Tonny M Nyonga
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- Hubei Province Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
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6
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Han N, Li F, Zhu H, Li T, Wang X, Li T, Kang J, Zhang Z. Comprehensive analysis of WOX transcription factors provide insight into genes related to the regulation of unisexual flowers development in Akebia trifoliata. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129486. [PMID: 38237833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata is a fascinating economic and medicinal plant that produces functionally unisexual flowers due to stamen/pistil abortion during flower development, and the genetic regulation pathway of this process remain completely unknown. Here, 10 AktWOXs were identified for the first time, all contained a highly conserved homeodomain. AktWOXs were divided into three clades, each with the same or similar intron, exon, and motifs distribution. Many cis-elements related to stress response, growth and development, and hormone response were found in the AktWOXs promoter region. In addition, four candidate genes AktWOX8, AktWOX11, AktWOX13.2 and AktWUS that might be involved in unisexual flowers development were screened, all of which were located in the nucleus and showed transcriptional activation activity. Yeast one-hybrid showed that both AktKNU and AktAG1, the potential core transcription factors in the activity termination pathway of flower meristem stem cells, could bind to the promoter region of AktWUS. Dual-luciferase assay further confirmed that only AktKNU inhibited the expression of AktWUS. Collectively, this study revealed the mechanism of AktWUS that might affect the formation of unisexual flowers by regulating the timely termination of flower meristem in A. trifoliata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Huiqin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xiuting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Juqing Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
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Wang D, Qiu Z, Xu T, Yao S, Zhang M, Cheng X, Zhao Y, Ji K. Identification and Expression Patterns of WOX Transcription Factors under Abiotic Stresses in Pinus massoniana. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1627. [PMID: 38338907 PMCID: PMC10855728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating plant development and responding to various abiotic stresses. However, the members and functions of WOX proteins in Pinus massoniana remain unclear. In this study, a total of 11 WOX genes were identified, and bioinformatics methods were used for preliminary identification and analysis. The phylogenetic tree revealed that most PmWOXs were distributed in ancient and WUS clades, with only one member found in the intermediate clade. We selected four highly conserved WOX genes within plants for further expression analysis. These genes exhibited expressions across almost all tissues, while PmWOX2, PmWOX3, and PmWOX4 showed high expression levels in the callus, suggesting their potential involvement in specific functions during callus development. Expression patterns under different abiotic stresses indicated that PmWOXs could participate in resisting multiple stresses in P. massoniana. The identification and preliminary analysis of PmWOXs lay the foundation for further research on analyzing the resistance molecular mechanism of P. massoniana to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kongshu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Open Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Gene Engineering of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (D.W.); (Z.Q.); (T.X.); (S.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Z.)
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Yin S, Zhao L, Liu J, Sun Y, Li B, Wang L, Ren Z, Chen C. Pan-genome Analysis of WOX Gene Family and Function Exploration of CsWOX9 in Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17568. [PMID: 38139397 PMCID: PMC10743939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber is an economically important vegetable crop, and the warts (composed of spines and Tubercules) of cucumber fruit are an important quality trait that influences its commercial value. WOX transcription factors are known to have pivotal roles in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development, but their studies in cucumber are limited. Here, genome-wide identification of cucumber WOX genes was performed using the pan-genome analysis of 12 cucumber varieties. Our findings revealed diverse CsWOX genes in different cucumber varieties, with variations observed in protein sequences and lengths, gene structure, and conserved protein domains, possibly resulting from the divergent evolution of CsWOX genes as they adapt to diverse cultivation and environmental conditions. Expression profiles of the CsWOX genes demonstrated that CsWOX9 was significantly expressed in unexpanded ovaries, especially in the epidermis. Additionally, analysis of the CsWOX9 promoter revealed two binding sites for the C2H2 zinc finger protein. We successfully executed a yeast one-hybrid assay (Y1H) and a dual-luciferase (LUC) transaction assay to demonstrate that CsWOX9 can be transcriptionally activated by the C2H2 zinc finger protein Tu, which is crucial for fruit Tubercule formation in cucumber. Overall, our results indicated that CsWOX9 is a key component of the molecular network that regulates wart formation in cucumber fruits, and provide further insight into the function of CsWOX genes in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Yanjie Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Bohong Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Chunhua Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
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9
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Zhang ZA, Liu MY, Ren SN, Liu X, Gao YH, Zhu CY, Niu HQ, Chen BW, Liu C, Yin W, Wang HL, Xia X. Identification of WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene and truncated small peptides in transformation efficiency improvement in Eucalyptus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:604. [PMID: 38030990 PMCID: PMC10688041 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WUSCHEL-related Homeobox (WOX) genes, which encode plant-specific homeobox (HB) transcription factors, play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development. However, the functions of WOX genes are little known in Eucalyptus, one of the fastest-growing tree resources with considerable widespread cultivation worldwide. RESULTS A total of nine WOX genes named EgWOX1-EgWOX9 were retrieved and designated from Eucalyptus grandis. From the three divided clades marked as Modern/WUS, Intermediate and Ancient, the largest group Modern/WUS (6 EgWOXs) contains a specific domain with 8 amino acids: TLQLFPLR. The collinearity, cis-regulatory elements, protein-protein interaction network and gene expression analysis reveal that the WUS proteins in E. grandis involve in regulating meristems development and regeneration. Furthermore, by externally adding of truncated peptides isolated from WUS specific domain, the transformation efficiency in E. urophylla × E. grandis DH32-29 was significant enhanced. The transcriptomics data further reveals that the use of small peptides activates metabolism pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Peptides isolated from WUS protein can be utilized to enhance the transformation efficiency in Eucalyptus, thereby contributing to the high-efficiency breeding of Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mei-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shu-Ning Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue-Hao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao-Qiang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo-Wen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xinli Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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10
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Abubakar AS, Wu Y, Chen F, Zhu A, Chen P, Chen K, Qiu X, Huang X, Zhao H, Chen J, Gao G. Comprehensive Analysis of WUSCEL-Related Homeobox Gene Family in Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea) Indicates Its Potential Role in Adventitious Root Development. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1475. [PMID: 38132301 PMCID: PMC10740585 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family has been implicated in promoting vegetative organs to embryonic transition and maintaining plant embryonic stem cell identity. Using genome-wide analysis, we identified 17 candidates, WOX genes in ramie (Boehmeria nivea). The genes (BnWOX) showed highly conserved homeodomain regions typical of WOX. Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were classified into three distinct groups: modern, intermediate, and ancient clades. The genes displayed 65% and 35% collinearities with their Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa ortholog, respectively, and exhibited similar motifs, suggesting similar functions. Furthermore, four segmental duplications (BnWOX10/14, BnWOX13A/13B, BnWOX9A/9B, and BnWOX6A/Maker00021031) and a tandem-duplicated pair (BnWOX5/7) among the putative ramie WOX genes were obtained, suggesting that whole-genome duplication (WGD) played a role in WOX gene expansion. Expression profiling analysis of the genes in the bud, leaf, stem, and root of the stem cuttings revealed higher expression levels of BnWOX10 and BnWOX14 in the stem and root and lower in the leaf consistent with the qRT-PCR analysis, suggesting their direct roles in ramie root formation. Analysis of the rooting characteristics and expression in the stem cuttings of sixty-seven different ramie genetic resources showed a possible involvement of BnWOX14 in the adventitious rooting of ramie. Thus, this study provides valuable information on ramie WOX genes and lays the foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China; (A.S.A.); (F.C.)
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
- Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Kano 700241, Nigeria
| | - Yongmei Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China; (A.S.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Fengming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China; (A.S.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiaojun Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Haohan Zhao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China; (A.S.A.); (F.C.)
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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11
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Quan L, Shiting L, Chen Z, Yuyan H, Minrong Z, Shuyan L, Libao C. NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)promote root formation and enhance stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:719. [PMID: 38017402 PMCID: PMC10683310 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious roots (ARs) represent an important organ system for water and nutrient uptake in lotus plants because of degeneration of the principal root. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene regulates plant development and growth by affecting the expression of several other genes. In this study, three WOX genes, NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1, were isolated and their functions were assessed in Arabidopsis plants. RESULTS The full lengths of NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 were 1038, 645, and 558 bp, encoding 362, 214, and 185 amino acid residues, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified NnWOX1-1 and NnWOX4-3 encoding proteins into one group, and NnWOX5-1 and MnWOX5 encoding proteins exhibited strong genetic relationships. The three genes were induced by sucrose and indoleacetic acid (IAA) and exhibited organ-specific expression characteristics. In addition to improving root growth and salt tolerance, NnWOX1-1 and NnWOX4-3 promoted stem development in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. A total of 751, 594, and 541 genes, including 19, 19, and 13 respective genes related to ethylene and IAA metabolism and responses, were enhanced in NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 transgenic plants, respectively. Further analysis showed that ethylene production rates in transgenic plants increased, whereas IAA, peroxidase, and lignin content did not significantly change. Exogenous application of ethephon on lotus seedlings promoted AR formation and dramatically increased the fresh and dry weights of the plants. CONCLUSIONS NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 influence root formation, stem development, and stress adaptation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants by affecting the transcription of multiple genes. Among these, changes in gene expression involving ethylene metabolism and responses likely critically affect the development of Arabidopsis plants. In addition, ethylene may represent an important factor affecting AR formation in lotus seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Quan
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shiting
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yuyan
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Minrong
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Libao
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Chen GZ, Huang J, Lin ZC, Wang F, Yang SM, Jiang X, Ahmad S, Zhou YZ, Lan S, Liu ZJ, Peng DH. Genome-Wide Analysis of WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox Gene Family in Sacred Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14216. [PMID: 37762519 PMCID: PMC10531982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) is a plant-specific transcription factor (TF), which plays an essential role in the regulation of plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. However, little information is available on the specific roles of WOX TFs in sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), which is a perennial aquatic plant with important edible, ornamental, and medicinal values. We identified 15 WOX TFs distributing on six chromosomes in the genome of N. nucifera. A total of 72 WOX genes from five species were divided into three clades and nine subclades based on the phylogenetic tree. NnWOXs in the same subclades had similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Cis-acting element analysis of the promoter regions of NnWOXs found many elements enriched in hormone induction, stress responses, and light responses, indicating their roles in growth and development. The Ka/Ks analysis showed that the WOX gene family had been intensely purified and selected in N. nucifera. The expression pattern analysis suggested that NnWOXs were involved in organ development and differentiation of N. nucifera. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction analysis showed that NnWOXs might participate in the growth, development, and metabolic regulation of N. nucifera. Taken together, these findings laid a foundation for further analysis of NnWOX functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.-Z.C.); (J.H.); (Z.-C.L.); (F.W.); (S.-M.Y.); (X.J.); (S.A.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Dong-Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.-Z.C.); (J.H.); (Z.-C.L.); (F.W.); (S.-M.Y.); (X.J.); (S.A.); (Y.-Z.Z.); (S.L.)
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13
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Wang YY, Head DJ, Hauser BA. During Water Stress, Fertility Modulated by ROS Scavengers Abundant in Arabidopsis Pistils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112182. [PMID: 37299161 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hours after watering plants with 75 mM NaCl, the water potential of reproductive structures precipitously decreases. In flowers with mature gametes, this change in water potential did not alter the rate of fertilization but caused 37% of the fertilized ovules to abort. We hypothesize that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ovules is an early physiological manifestation associated with seed failure. In this study, we characterize ROS scavengers that were differentially expressed in stressed ovules to determine whether any of these genes regulate ROS accumulation and/or associate with seed failure. Mutants in an iron-dependent superoxide dismutase (FSD2), ascorbate peroxidase (APX4), and three peroxidases (PER17, PER28, and PER29) were evaluated for changes in fertility. Fertility was unchanged in apx4 mutants, but the other mutants grown under normal conditions averaged a 140% increase in seed failure. In pistils, PER17 expression increases three-fold after stress, while the other genes decreased two-fold or more following stress; this change in expression accounts for differences in fertility between healthy and stressed conditions for different genotypes. In pistils, H2O2 levels rose in per mutants, but only in the triple mutant was there a significant increase, indicating that other ROS or their scavengers be involved in seed failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Donald J Head
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bernard A Hauser
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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14
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Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants: Different Players and Focus on WUSCHEL and WUS-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415950. [PMID: 36555594 PMCID: PMC9781121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, other cells can express totipotency in addition to the zygote, thus resulting in embryo differentiation; this appears evident in apomictic and epiphyllous plants. According to Haberlandt's theory, all plant cells can regenerate a complete plant if the nucleus and the membrane system are intact. In fact, under in vitro conditions, ectopic embryos and adventitious shoots can develop from many organs of the mature plant body. We are beginning to understand how determination processes are regulated and how cell specialization occurs. However, we still need to unravel the mechanisms whereby a cell interprets its position, decides its fate, and communicates it to others. The induction of somatic embryogenesis might be based on a plant growth regulator signal (auxin) to determine an appropriate cellular environment and other factors, including stress and ectopic expression of embryo or meristem identity transcription factors (TFs). Still, we are far from having a complete view of the regulatory genes, their target genes, and their action hierarchy. As in animals, epigenetic reprogramming also plays an essential role in re-establishing the competence of differentiated cells to undergo somatic embryogenesis. Herein, we describe the functions of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors in regulating the differentiation-dedifferentiation cell process and in the developmental phase of in vitro regenerated adventitious structures.
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15
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Muhammad Tajo S, Pan Z, He S, Chen B, KM Y, Mahmood T, Bello Sadau S, Shahid Iqbal M, Gereziher T, Suleiman Abubakar U, Joseph M, Sammani T, Geng X, Du X. Characterization of WOX genes revealed drought tolerance, callus induction, and tissue regeneration in Gossypium hirsutum. Front Genet 2022; 13:928055. [PMCID: PMC9597092 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.928055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an important natural fiber crop; its seeds are the main oil source. Abiotic stresses cause a significant decline in its production. The WUSCHEL-related Homeobox (WOX) genes have been involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the functions of WOX genes are less known in cotton. This study identified 39, 40, 21, and 20 WOX genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium raimondii, respectively. All the WOX genes in four cotton species could be classified into three clades, which is consistent with previous research. The gene structure and conserved domain of all WOX genes were analyzed. The expressions of WOX genes in germinating hypocotyls and callus were characterized, and it was found that most genes were up-regulated. One candidate gene Gh_ A01G127500 was selected to perform the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiment, and it was found that the growth of the silenced plant (pCLCrVA: GhWOX4_A01) was significantly inhibited compared with the wild type. In the silenced plant, there is an increase in antioxidant activities and a decrease in oxidant activities compared with the control plant. In physiological analysis, the relative electrolyte leakage level and the excised leaf water loss of the infected plant were increased. Still, both the relative leaf water content and the chlorophyll content were decreased. This study proved that WOX genes play important roles in drought stress and callus induction, but more work must be performed to address the molecular functions of WOX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Muhammad Tajo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- *Correspondence: Xiaoli Geng, ; Xiongming Du,
| | - Shoupu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Yusuf KM
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Salisu Bello Sadau
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Teame Gereziher
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | - Umar Suleiman Abubakar
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Masha Joseph
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tajo Sammani
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Xiaoli Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoli Geng, ; Xiongming Du,
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoli Geng, ; Xiongming Du,
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16
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Leng YJ, Yao YS, Yang KZ, Wu PX, Xia YX, Zuo CR, Luo JH, Wang P, Liu YY, Zhang XQ, Ye D, Le J, Chen LQ. Arabidopsis ERdj3B coordinates with ERECTA-family receptor kinases to regulate ovule development and the heat stress response. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3665-3684. [PMID: 35897146 PMCID: PMC9516030 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum-localized DnaJ family 3B (ERdj3B), is a component of the stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2)-ERdj3B-binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) chaperone complex, which functions in protein folding, translocation, and quality control. We found that ERdj3B mutations affected integument development in the Ler ecotype but not in the Col-0 ecotype of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Map-based cloning identified the ERECTA (ER) gene as a natural modifier of ERdj3B. The double mutation of ERdj3B and ER caused a major defect in the inner integument under heat stress. Additional mutation of the ER paralog ERECTA-LIKE 1 (ERL1) or ERL2 to the erdj3b er double mutant exacerbated the defective integument phenotype. The double mutation of ER and SDF2, the other component of the SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP complex, resulted in similar defects in the inner integument. Furthermore, both the protein abundance and plasma membrane partitioning of ER, ERL1, and ERL2 were markedly reduced in erdj3b plants, indicating that the SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP chaperone complex might control the translocation of ERECTA-family proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Our results suggest that the SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP complex functions in ovule development and the heat stress response in coordination with ERECTA-family receptor kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pei-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Xin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao-Ran Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - De Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang R, Chen X, Wang S, Wei H, Wei Z. PtrWOX13A Promotes Wood Formation and Bioactive Gibberellins Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835035. [PMID: 35837467 PMCID: PMC9274204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) involved in multiple processes of plant development. However, there have hitherto no studies on the WOX TFs involved in secondary cell wall (SCW) formation been reported. In this study, we identified a Populus trichocarpa WOX gene, PtrWOX13A, which was predominantly expressed in SCW, and then characterized its functions through generating PtrWOX13A overexpression poplar transgenic lines; these lines exhibited not only significantly enhanced growth potential, but also remarkably increased SCW thicknesses, fiber lengths, and lignin and hemicellulose contents. However, no obvious change in cellulose content was observed. We revealed that PtrWOX13A directly activated its target genes through binding to two cis-elements, ATTGATTG and TTAATSS, in their promoter regions. The fact that PtrWOX13A responded to the exogenous GAs implies that it is responsive to GA homeostasis caused by GA inactivation and activation genes (e.g., PtrGA20ox4, PtrGA2ox1, and PtrGA3ox1), which were regulated by PtrWOX13A directly or indirectly. Since the master switch gene of SCW formation, PtrWND6A, and lignin biosynthesis regulator, MYB28, significantly increased in PtrWOX13A transgenic lines, we proposed that PtrWOX13A, as a higher hierarchy TF, participated in SCW formation through controlling the genes that are components of the known hierarchical transcription regulation network of poplar SCW formation, and simultaneously triggering a gibberellin-mediated signaling cascade. The discovery of PtrWOX13A predominantly expressed in SCW and its regulatory functions in the poplar wood formation has important implications for improving the wood quality of trees via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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18
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Ren H, Chen S, Hou J, Li H. Genome-wide identification, expression analyses of Wuschel-related homeobox (WOX) genes in Brachypodium distachyon and functional characterization of BdWOX12. Gene X 2022; 836:146691. [PMID: 35738446 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As one kind of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), WOX (Wuschel-related homeobox) plays an essential role in plant growth and development. In this study, 21 WOX TFs were identified in Brachypodium distachyon. They were divided into ancient, intermediate, and WUS clades based on phylogenetic analysis. These 21 BdWOX genes are mapped on 5 chromosomes unevenly. In the promoters, the most abundant cis-elements are ABRE, TGACG-motif, and G-box. qRT-PCR results showed that most BdWOX genes are expressed in vegetative and reproductive organs. Meanwhile, the expression of 14, 12, and 15 BdWOX genes are up-regulated by exogenous 6-BA, NAA, and GA, respectively. These results indicated that BdWOX genes participate in hormone signaling and regulate plant growth and development. Overexpression of BdWOX12 in Arabidopsis improved the root system, further indicating the functions of BdWOX genes in growth and development. This study provided a basis for the functional elucidation of BdWOX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China
| | - Jiayuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China.
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19
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Feng C, Zou S, Gao P, Wang Z. In silico identification, characterization expression profile of WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox (WOX) gene family in two species of kiwifruit. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12348. [PMID: 34760371 PMCID: PMC8557698 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) gene family is a class of plant-specific transcriptional factors and plays a crucial role in forming the shoot apical meristem and embryonic development, stem cell maintenance, and various other developmental processes. However, systematic identification and characterization of the kiwifruit WOX gene family have not been studied. This study identified 17 and 10 WOX genes in A. chinensis (Ac) and A. eriantha (Ae) genomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified kiwifruit WOX genes from two species into three clades. Analysis of phylogenetics, synteny patterns, and selection pressure inferred that WOX gene families in Ac and Ae had undergone different evolutionary patterns after whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, causing differences in WOX gene number and distribution. Ten conserved motifs were identified in the kiwifruit WOX genes, and motif architectures of WOXs belonging to different clades highly diverged. The cis-element analysis and expression profiles investigation indicated the functional differentiation of WOX genes and identified the potential WOXs in response to stresses. Our results provided insight into general characters, evolutionary patterns, and functional diversity of kiwifruit WOXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Shuaiyu Zou
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Puxin Gao
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zupeng Wang
- Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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20
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Shi L, Wang K, Du L, Song Y, Li H, Ye X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of WOX Family Protein-Encoded Genes in Triticeae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179325. [PMID: 34502234 PMCID: PMC8431079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WOX family is a group of plant-specific transcription factors which regulate plant growth and development, cell division and differentiation. From the available genome sequence databases of nine Triticeae species, 199 putative WOX genes were identified. Most of the identified WOX genes were distributed on the chromosomes of homeologous groups 1 to 5 and originated via the orthologous evolution approach. Parts of WOX genes in Triticum aestivum were confirmed by the specific PCR markers using a set of Triticum. durum-T. aestivum genome D substitution lines. All of these identified WOX proteins could be grouped into three clades, similar to those in rice and Arabidopsis. WOX family members were conserved among these Triticeae plants; all of them contained the HOX DNA-binding homeodomain, and WUS clade members contained the characteristic WUS-box motif, while only WUS and WOX9 contained the EAR motif. The RNA-seq and qPCR analysis revealed that the TaWOX genes had tissue-specific expression feature. From the expression patterns of TaWOX genes during immature embryo callus production, TaWOX9 is likely closely related with the regulation of regeneration process in T. aestivum. The findings in this study could provide a basis for evolution and functional investigation and practical application of the WOX family genes in Triticeae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Ningxia, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China;
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
| | - Lipu Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
| | - Yuxia Song
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Ningxia, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China;
| | - Huihui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.Y.)
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21
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Bueno N, Cuesta C, Centeno ML, Ordás RJ, Alvarez JM. In Vitro Plant Regeneration in Conifers: The Role of WOX and KNOX Gene Families. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030438. [PMID: 33808690 PMCID: PMC8003479 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conifers are a group of woody plants with an enormous economic and ecological importance. Breeding programs are necessary to select superior varieties for planting, but they have many limitations due to the biological characteristics of conifers. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) and de novo organogenesis (DNO) from in vitro cultured tissues are two ways of plant mass propagation that help to overcome this problem. Although both processes are difficult to achieve in conifers, they offer advantages like a great efficiency, the possibilities to cryopreserve the embryogenic lines, and the ability of multiplying adult trees (the main bottleneck in conifer cloning) through DNO. Moreover, SE and DNO represent appropriate experimental systems to study the molecular bases of developmental processes in conifers such as embryogenesis and shoot apical meristem (SAM) establishment. Some of the key genes regulating these processes belong to the WOX and KNOX homeobox gene families, whose function has been widely described in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sequences and roles of these genes in conifers are similar to those found in angiosperms, but some particularities exist, like the presence of WOXX, a gene that putatively participates in the establishment of SAM in somatic embryos and plantlets of Pinus pinaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bueno
- Plant Physiology, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, ES-33071 Oviedo, Spain; (N.B.); (C.C.); (R.J.O.)
| | - Candela Cuesta
- Plant Physiology, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, ES-33071 Oviedo, Spain; (N.B.); (C.C.); (R.J.O.)
| | - María Luz Centeno
- Plant Physiology, Department of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, University of León, ES-24071 León, Spain;
| | - Ricardo J. Ordás
- Plant Physiology, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, ES-33071 Oviedo, Spain; (N.B.); (C.C.); (R.J.O.)
| | - José M. Alvarez
- Plant Physiology, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, ES-33071 Oviedo, Spain; (N.B.); (C.C.); (R.J.O.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Tvorogova VE, Krasnoperova EY, Potsenkovskaia EA, Kudriashov AA, Dodueva IE, Lutova LA. What Does the WOX Say? Review of Regulators, Targets, Partners. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689332102031x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Wolabu TW, Wang H, Tadesse D, Zhang F, Behzadirad M, Tvorogova VE, Abdelmageed H, Liu Y, Chen N, Chen J, Allen RD, Tadege M. WOX9 functions antagonistic to STF and LAM1 to regulate leaf blade expansion in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana sylvestris. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1582-1597. [PMID: 32964420 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
WOX family transcription factors regulate multiple developmental programs. The intermediate clade transcriptional activator WOX9 functions together with the modern clade transcriptional repressor WOX genes in embryogenesis and meristems maintenance, but the mechanism of this interaction is unclear. STF and LAM1 are WOX1 orthologs required for leaf blade outgrowth in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana sylvestris, respectively. Using biochemical methods and genome editing technology, here we show that WOX9 is an abaxial factor and functions antagonistically to STF and LAM1 to regulate leaf blade development. While NsWOX9 ectopic expression enhances the lam1 mutant phenotype, and antisense expression partially rescues the lam1 mutant, both overexpression and knockout of NsWOX9 in N. sylvestris resulted in a range of severe leaf blade distortions, indicating important role in blade development. Our results indicate that direct repression of WOX9 by WUS clade repressor STF/LAM1 is required for correct blade architecture and patterning in M. truncatula and N. sylvestris. These findings suggest that controlling transcriptional activation and repression mechanisms by direct interaction of activator and repressor WOX genes may be required for cell proliferation and differentiation homeostasis, and could be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for the development of complex and diverse morphology in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tezera W Wolabu
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dimiru Tadesse
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8104, USA
| | - Marjan Behzadirad
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Varvara E Tvorogova
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Haggag Abdelmageed
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza,, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Naichong Chen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Randy D Allen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Million Tadege
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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24
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Han N, Tang R, Chen X, Xu Z, Ren Z, Wang L. Genome-wide identification and characterization of WOX genes in Cucumis sativus. Genome 2021; 64:761-776. [PMID: 33493082 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that are profoundly involved in regulation of plant development and stress responses. In this study, we totally identified 11 WOX transcription factor family members in cucumber (Cucumis sativus, CsWOX) genome and classified them into three clades with nine subclades based on phylogenetic analysis results. Alignment of amino acid sequences revealed that all WOX members in cucumber contained the typical homeodomain, which consists of 60-66 amino acids and is folded into a helix-turn-helix structure. Gene duplication event analysis indicated that CsWOX1a and CsWOX1b were a segment duplication pair, which might affect the number of WOX members in cucumber genome. The expression profiles of CsWOX genes in different tissues demonstrated that the members sorted into the ancient clade (CsWOX13a and CsWOX13b) were constitutively expressed at higher levels in comparison to the others. Cis-element analysis in promoter regions suggested that the expression of CsWOX genes was associated with phytohormone pathways and stress responses, which was further supported by RNA-seq data. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the evolution of cucumber WOX genes and improve our understanding about the biological functions of the CsWOX gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xueqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhixuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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25
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Zeng D, Que C, Teixeira da Silva JA, Xu S, Li D. Comparative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Ovule Development in the Orchid, Cymbidium sinense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:814275. [PMID: 35126436 PMCID: PMC8813969 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.814275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ovule development is pivotal to plant reproduction and seed development. Cymbidium sinense (Orchidaceae) has high ornamental value due to its pleasant aroma and elegant floral morphology. The regulatory mechanism underlying ovule development in orchids, especially C. sinense, is largely unknown and information on the C. sinense genome is very scarce. In this study, a combined analysis was performed on the transcriptome and non-targeted metabolomes of 18 C. sinense 'Qi Jian Hei Mo' ovule samples. Transcriptome analysis assembled gene-related information related to six growth stages of C. sinense ovules (S1-S6, equivalent to 30, 35, 42, 46, 53, and 60 days after pollination). Illumina sequencing technology was used to obtain the complete set of transcriptome sequences of the 18 samples. A total of 81,585 unigene sequences were obtained after assembly, 24,860 (30.47%) of which were functionally annotated. Using transcriptome sequencing technology, a total of 9845 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were identified in C. sinense ovules that were assigned to specific metabolic pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). DEUs associated with transcription factors (TFs) and phytohormones were identified and analyzed. The TFs homeobox and MADS-box were associated with C. sinense ovule development. In particular, the phytohormones associated with DEUs such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinin (CK), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroid (BR), and jasmonate (JA), may have important regulatory effects on C. sinense ovule development. Metabolomic analysis showed an inconsistent number of KEGG annotations of differential metabolites across comparisons (S2_vs_S4, S2_vs_S5, and S4_vs_S5 contained 23, 26, and 3 annotations, respectively) in C. sinense ovules. This study provides a valuable foundation for further understanding the regulation of orchid ovule development and formation, and establishes a theoretical background for future practical applications during orchid cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Que
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Standardization of Production Engineering Technology of Orchids, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, China
| | | | - Shutao Xu
- College of Innovative Design, City University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Standardization of Production Engineering Technology of Orchids, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Li,
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26
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Huang S, Liu W, Xu J, Liu Z, Li C, Feng H. The SAP function in pistil development was proved by two allelic mutations in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:538. [PMID: 33256588 PMCID: PMC7708145 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pistil development is a complicated process in plants, and female sterile mutants are ideal material for screening and cloning pistil development-related genes. Using the female sterile mutant (fsm1), BraA04g009730.3C was previously predicted as a candidate mutant gene encoding the STERILE APETALA (SAP) transcriptional regulator. In the current study, a parallel female sterile mutant (fsm2) was derived from EMS mutagenesis of a Chinese cabbage DH line 'FT' seeds. RESULTS Both fsm2 and fsm1 mutant phenotypes exhibited pistil abortion and smaller floral organs. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of mutant fsm2 was also controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Allelism testing showed that the mutated fsm1 and fsm2 genes were allelic. A single-nucleotide mutation (G-to-A) in the first exon of BraA04g009730.3C caused a missense mutation from GAA (glutamic acid) to GGA (glycine) in mutant fsm2 plants. Both allelic mutations of BraA04g009730.3C in fsm1 and fsm2 conferred the similar pistil abortion phenotype, which verified the SAP function in pistil development. To probe the mechanism of SAP-induced pistil abortion, we compared the mutant fsm1 and wild-type 'FT' pistil transcriptomes. Among the 3855 differentially expressed genes obtained, 29 were related to ovule development and 16 were related to organ size. CONCLUSION Our study clarified the function of BraA04g009730.3C and revealed that it was responsible for ovule development and organ size. These results lay a foundation to elucidate the molecular mechanism of pistil development in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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27
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Zhang C, Wang J, Wang X, Li C, Ye Z, Zhang J. UF, a WOX gene, regulates a novel phenotype of un-fused flower in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110523. [PMID: 32563463 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flower formation is a basic condition for fruit set in all flowering plants. The normal stamen of tomato flower fused together to form a yellow cylinder surrounding the carpels. In this study, we identified an un-fused flower (uf) tomato mutant that is defective in petal, carpal and stamen fusion and lateral outgrowth. After RNA-seq-based BSA (BSR), the candidate region location was identified in the long arm of chromosome 3. Using map-based cloning with InDel and CAPS markers, the UF candidate gene was mapped in a 104 kb region. In this region, a WOX (WUSCHEL-related homeobox) transcription factor SlWOX1 was considered as a candidate of UF as there is a 72bp deletion in its second exon in uf mutant. The mutations of SlWOX1 generated by CRISPR/CAS9 approach under wild-type background reproduced the phenotypes of uf mutant, indicating that the SlWOX1 gene is indeed UF. Interestingly, expression analysis of organ lateral polarity determinant genes showed that abaxial genes (SlYABBY5 and SlARF4) and adaxial genes (AS and HD-ZIPIII) were significantly down-regulated in the uf mutant, which is different to that in Arabidopsis and petunia. In conclusion, this work revealed a novel function of SlWOX1 in the regulation of flower development in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, PR China.
| | - Jiafa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, PR China.
| | - Changxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, PR China.
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, PR China.
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan430070, PR China.
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28
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Wang H, Xie Y, Liu W, Tao G, Sun C, Sun X, Zhang S. Transcription factor LkWOX4 is involved in adventitious root development in Larix kaempferi. Gene 2020; 758:144942. [PMID: 32640309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox4 (WOX4) plays important roles in vascular formation and adventitious root (AR) development. Here, we cloned the WOX4 from the AR of Larix kaempferi, whose cDNA is 1452 bp in length and encodes 483 amino acids. LkWOX4 is mainly expressed in the layer formation area of the stem at 10 days after cutting and its expression levels in the middles and ends of the ARs were higher than that in the AR tips. The fused protein LkWOX4-GFP localized in the nucleus. The heterologous overexpression of LkWOX4 in 84 K poplar significantly increased AR numbers and decreased AR lengths. In LkWOX4 plants, the endogenous jasmonic acid and abscisic acid contents significantly decreased in stems, while the auxin, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid contents significantly increased in ARs. RNA-Seq of those LkWOX4 overexpression poplar plants showed that the expression of plant hormone signaling genes (ARF2, ARF3, ARF7 and ARF18), rooting-related transcription factors (WOX5, LBD29 and SCR) and root development-related genes (CYCD3, GRF1 and TAA1) were affected. Moreover, we found that LkWOX4 interacts with LkPAT18, LkACBP6, and LkCIP7 using yeast two hybrid screening. Thus, we found LkWOX4 involves in the AR initiation and development, which might be regulated through the IAA, JA and ABA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Gansu 741000, China
| | - Yunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wusheng Liu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
| | - Guiyun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shougong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Tang Y, Li H, Guan Y, Li S, Xun C, Dong Y, Huo R, Guo Y, Bao X, Pei E, Shen Q, Zhou H, Liao J. Genome-Wide Identification of the Physic Nut WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox Gene Family and Functional Analysis of the Abiotic Stress Responsive Gene JcWOX5. Front Genet 2020; 11:670. [PMID: 32655627 PMCID: PMC7325900 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-specific WOX transcription factors have important regulatory functions in plant development and response to abiotic stress. However, the identification and functional analysis of members of the WOX family have rarely been reported in the physic nut plant until now. Our research identified 12 WOX genes (JcWOXs) in physic nut, and these genes were divided into three groups corresponding to the ancient clade, WUS clade, and intermediate clade. Expression analysis based on RNA-seq and qRT-PCR showed that most of the JcWOX genes were expressed in at least one of the tissues tested, whereas five genes were identified as being highly responsive to drought and salt stresses. Subcellular localization analysis in Arabidopsis protoplast cells showed that JcWOX5 encoded a nuclear-localized protein. JcWOX5-overexpression plants increased sensitivity to drought stress, and transgenic plants suggested a lower proline content and CAT activity, higher relative electrolyte leakage, higher MDA content, and higher rate of water loss under drought conditions. Expression of some stress-related genes was obviously lower in the transformed rice lines as compared to their expression in wild-type rice lines under drought stress. Further data on JcWOX5-overexpressing plants reducing drought tolerance verified the potential role of JcWOX genes in responsive to abiotic stress. Collectively, the study provides a foundation for further functional analysis of JcWOX genes and the improvement of physic nut crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou, China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yaxin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Shen Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Chunfei Xun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yanyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Rui Huo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xinxin Bao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Enqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Qianmiao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - He Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jingjing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
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Li Z, Liu D, Xia Y, Li Z, Jing D, Du J, Niu N, Ma S, Wang J, Song Y, Yang Z, Zhang G. Identification of the WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox (WOX) Gene Family, and Interaction and Functional Analysis of TaWOX9 and TaWUS in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051581. [PMID: 32111029 PMCID: PMC7084607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) is a family of plant-specific transcription factors, with important functions, such as regulating the dynamic balance of division and differentiation of plant stem cells and plant organ development. We identified 14 distinct TaWOX genes in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome, based on a genome-wide scan approach. All of the genes under evaluation had positional homoeologs on subgenomes A, B and D except TaWUS and TaWOX14. Both TaWOX14a and TaWOX14d had a paralogous copy on the same genome due to tandem duplication events. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that TaWOX genes could be divided into three groups. We performed functional characterization of TaWOX genes based on the evolutionary relationships among the WOX gene families of wheat, rice (Oryza sativa L.), and Arabidopsis. An overexpression analysis of TaWUS in Arabidopsis revealed that it affected the development of outer floral whorl organs. The overexpression analysis of TaWOX9 in Arabidopsis revealed that it promoted the root development. In addition, we identified some interaction between the TaWUS and TaWOX9 proteins by screening wheat cDNA expression libraries, which informed directions for further research to determine the functions of TaWUS and TaWOX9. This study represents the first comprehensive data on members of the WOX gene family in wheat.
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Ocarez N, Jiménez N, Núñez R, Perniola R, Marsico AD, Cardone MF, Bergamini C, Mejía N. Unraveling the Deep Genetic Architecture for Seedlessness in Grapevine and the Development and Validation of a New Set of Markers for VviAGL11-Based Gene-Assisted Selection. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E151. [PMID: 32019199 PMCID: PMC7074311 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedless inheritance has been considered a quasi-monogenic trait based on the VvAGL11 gene. An intragenic simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker, p3_VvAGL11, is currently used to opportunely discard seeded progeny, which represents up to 50% of seedlings to be established in the field. However, the rate of false positives remains significant, and this lack of accuracy might be due to a more complex genetic architecture, some intrinsic flaws of p3_VvAGL11, or potential recombination events between p3_VvAGL11 and the causal SNP located in the coding region. The purpose of this study was to update the genetic architecture of this trait in order to better understand its implications in breeding strategies. A total of 573 F1 individuals that segregate for seedlessness were genotyped with a 20K SNP chip and characterized phenotypically during four seasons for a fine QTL mapping analysis. Based on the molecular diversity of p3_VvAGL11 alleles, we redesigned this marker, and based on the causal SNP, we developed a qPCR-HRM marker for high-throughput and a Tetra-ARMS-PCR for simple predictive analyses. Up to 10 new QTLs were identified that describe the complex nature of seedlessness, corresponding to small but stable effects. The positive predictive value, based on VvAGL11 alone (0.647), was improved up to 0.814 when adding three small-effect QTLs in a multi-QTL additive model as a proof of concept. The new SSR, 5U_VviAGL11, is more informative and robust, and easier to analyze. However, we demonstrated that the association can be lost by intragenic recombination and that the e7_VviAGL11 SNP-based marker is thus more reliable and decreases the occurrence of false positives. This study highlights the bases of prediction failure based solely on a major gene and a reduced set of candidate genes, in addition to opportunities for molecular breeding following further and larger validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallatt Ocarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional de Investigación La Platina, Santiago RM 8831314, Chile; (N.O.); (N.J.); (R.N.)
| | - Nicolás Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional de Investigación La Platina, Santiago RM 8831314, Chile; (N.O.); (N.J.); (R.N.)
| | - Reynaldo Núñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional de Investigación La Platina, Santiago RM 8831314, Chile; (N.O.); (N.J.); (R.N.)
| | - Rocco Perniola
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, 70010 Sede di Turi (BA), Italy; (R.P.); (A.D.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Antonio Domenico Marsico
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, 70010 Sede di Turi (BA), Italy; (R.P.); (A.D.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Francesca Cardone
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, 70010 Sede di Turi (BA), Italy; (R.P.); (A.D.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Carlo Bergamini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, 70010 Sede di Turi (BA), Italy; (R.P.); (A.D.M.); (M.F.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Nilo Mejía
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional de Investigación La Platina, Santiago RM 8831314, Chile; (N.O.); (N.J.); (R.N.)
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Genome-Wide Identification of WOX Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Rejuvenational Rhizogenesis in Walnut (Juglans regia L.). FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Rejuvenation is an efficient approach used in the cuttings of trees and horticultural crops, to improve their rooting ability, especially in difficult-to-root trees. WOX gene family members are involved in cell-fate transformation through balancing the maintenance and proliferation of the stem cells. However, there are no reports about the WOX gene family in Walnut (Juglans regia L.) and its relationship between rejuvenation and adventitious roots formation (ARF). Here, a genome-wide identification of JrWOX genes and their physical and chemical properties, phylogeny, and expression profiles in different organs and during rejuvenation-induced ARF is reported. The phenotype and histology characteristics of mature and rejuvenated cuttings (Mc and Rc) are also observed. In this study, 12 genes were identified and clustered into three groups based on phylogenetics, special domains, and conserved motifs. The gene structures and conserved motifs were relatively conserved, while the 12 sequences of the JrWOXs domain were diversified. Gene expression in root, stem, leaf, female flower, immature fruit, and zygotic embryo revealed that the expression levels of JrWOX4a, JrWOX4b, JrWOX5, JrWOX11, and JrWOX13 in the root were significantly higher than those of other JrWOXs, while only the expression of JrWOX11 was exclusive to the root organ. Additionally, rejuvenation treatment significantly induced almost all JrWOX genes, except JrWOX4a, JrWOX4b, and JrWOX13 (Rc 0 vs. Mc 0). During the ARF process, the transcripts of JrWOX11 and JrWOX5 were consecutively increased on a significance level; in contrast, the transcription levels of the other JrWOXs decreased or changed insignificantly. The phenotype and histology observation indicate that rejuvenation treatment made the base of the stem expand and reduced the thickness and density of sclerenchyma between the cortex and phloem. This might provide the conditions for the formation of new meristem niches. The results provided insight into the JrWOX genes’ general characteristics and their roles in rejuvenation-induced ARF.
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Zerpa-Catanho D, Wai J, Wang ML, Yu L, Nguyen J, Ming R. Differential gene expression among three sex types reveals a MALE STERILITY 1 (CpMS1) for sex differentiation in papaya. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:545. [PMID: 31818257 PMCID: PMC6902354 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carica papaya is a trioecious plant species with a genetic sex-determination system defined by sex chromosomes. Under unfavorable environmental conditions male and hermaphrodite exhibit sex-reversal. Previous genomic research revealed few candidate genes for sex differentiation in this species. Nevertheless, more analysis is still needed to identify the mechanism responsible for sex flower organ development in papaya. RESULTS The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes among male, female and hermaphrodite flowers in papaya during early (pre-meiosis) and later (post-meiosis) stages of flower development. RNA-seq was used to evaluate the expression of differentially expressed genes and RT-qPCR was used to verify the results. Putative functions of these genes were analyzed based on their homology with orthologs in other plant species and their expression patterns. We identified a Male Sterility 1 gene (CpMS1) highly up-regulated in male and hermaphrodite flower buds compared to female flower buds, which expresses in small male flower buds (3-8 mm), and that might be playing an important role in male flower organ development due to its homology to MS1 genes previously identified in other plants. This is the first study in which the sex-biased expression of genes related to tapetum development in the anther developmental pathway is being reported in papaya. Besides important transcription factors related to flower organ development and flowering time regulation, we identified differential expression of genes that are known to participate in ABA, ROS and auxin signaling pathways (ABA-8-hydroxylases, AIL5, UPBEAT 1, VAN3-binding protein). CONCLUSIONS CpMS1 was expressed in papaya male and hermaphrodite flowers at early stages, suggesting that this gene might participate in male flower organ development processes, nevertheless, this gene cannot be considered a sex-determination gene. Due to its homology with other plant MS1 proteins and its expression pattern, we hypothesize that this gene participates in anther development processes, like tapetum and pollen development, downstream gender specification. Further gene functional characterization studies in papaya are required to confirm this hypothesis. The role of ABA and ROS signaling pathways in papaya flower development needs to be further explored as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessireé Zerpa-Catanho
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jennifer Wai
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ming Li Wang
- Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Kunia, HI 96759 USA
| | - Li’ang Yu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Wu CC, Li FW, Kramer EM. Large-scale phylogenomic analysis suggests three ancient superclades of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX transcription factor family in plants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223521. [PMID: 31603924 PMCID: PMC6788696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of plants to land required multiple morphological innovations. Among these include a variety of lateral organs that are initiated from apical meristems, in which the mantainance of undifferentiated stem cells is regulated by the homeodomain WUSCHEL-RELATED (WOX) transcription factors. Expansion of the WOX gene family has been associated with whole genome duplication (WGD) events and postulated to have been pivotal to the evolution of morphological complexity in land plants. Previous studies have classified the WOX gene family into three superclades (e.g., the ancient clade, the intermediate clade, and the modern clade). In order to improve our understanding of the evolution of the WOX gene family, we surveyed the WOX gene sequences from 38 genomes and 440 transcriptomes spanning the Viridiplantae and Rhodophyta. The WOX phylogeny inferred from 1039 WOX proteins drawn from 267 species with improved support along the backbone of the phylogeny suggests that the plant-specific WOX family contains three ancient superclades, which we term Type 1 (T1WOX, the WOX10/13/14 clade), Type 2 (T2WOX, the WOX8/9 and WOX11/12 clades), and Type 3 (T3WOX, the WUS, WOX1/6, WOX2, WOX3, WOX4 and WOX5/7 clades). Divergence of the T1WOX and T2WOX superclades may predate the diversification of vascular plants. Synteny analysis suggests contribution of WGD to expansion of the WOX family. Promoter analysis finds that the capacity of the WOX genes to be regulated by the auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways may be deeply conserved in the Viridiplantae. This study improves our phylogenetic context for elucidating functional evolution of the WOX gene family, which has likely contributed to the morphological complexity of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chiang Wu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Elena M. Kramer
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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He P, Zhang Y, Liu H, Yuan Y, Wang C, Yu J, Xiao G. Comprehensive analysis of WOX genes uncovers that WOX13 is involved in phytohormone-mediated fiber development in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:312. [PMID: 31307379 PMCID: PMC6632001 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WOX (WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX) gene family encodes a class of transcription factors that are unique to green plants, where they are involved in regulating the development of plant tissues and organs by determining cell fate. Although the importance of the WOX gene is well known, there are few studies describing their functions in cotton. RESULTS In this study, 32 WOX genes were found in Gossypium hirsutum. Phylogenetic analysis showed that WOX proteins of cotton can be divided into three clades: the ancient, intermediate, and WUS clades. The number of WOX proteins in the WUS clade was greater than the sum of the proteins in the other two clades. Our analysis revealed that 20 GhWOX genes are distributed on 16 cotton chromosomes and that duplication events are likely to have contributed to the expansion of the GhWOX family. All GhWOX genes have introns, and each GhWOX protein contains multiple motifs. RNA-seq data and real-time PCR showed that GhWOX13 gene subfamily is specifically expressed at a high level in cotton fibers. We also identified putative GA, NAA, and BR response elements in the promoter regions of the GhWOX13 genes and GhWOX13 transcripts were significantly induced by GA, NAA, and BR. CONCLUSIONS Our data provides a useful resource for future studies on the functional roles of cotton WOX genes and shows that the GhWOX13 genes may influence cotton fiber development. Our results also provide an approach for identifying and characterizing WOX protein genes in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Hao Liu
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Yi Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Chan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Jianing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resouce Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
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Hao Q, Zhang L, Yang Y, Shan Z, Zhou XA. Genome-Wide Analysis of the WOX Gene Family and Function Exploration of GmWOX18 in Soybean. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8070215. [PMID: 31373320 PMCID: PMC6681341 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) is a family of transcription factors that are unique to plants and is characterized by the presence of a homeodomain. The WOX transcription factor plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development and the response to abiotic stress. Soybean is one of the most important oil crops worldwide. In this study, based on the available genome data of soybean, the WOX gene family was identified by bioinformatics analysis. The chromosome distribution, gene and protein structures, phylogenetic relationship and gene expression patterns of this family were comprehensively compared. The results showed that a total of 33 putative WOX genes in the soybean genome were found and then designated as GmWOX1- GmWOX33, which were distributed across 19 chromosomes except chromosome 16. Multiple sequence analysis of the GmWOX gene family revealed a highly conserved homeodomain. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 33 WOX genes could be divided into three major clades (modern/WUS, intermediate and ancient) in soybean. Of these 33 WOX genes, some showed differential expression patterns in the tested tissues (leaves, pods, unopen and open flowers, nodules, seed, roots, root hairs, stems, shoot apical meristems and shoot tips). In addition, the expression profile and qRT-PCR analysis showed that most of the GmWOX genes responded to different abiotic stress treatments (cold and drought). According to the expression pattern of GmWOX genes in the high regeneration capacity soybean material P3, overexpression of GmWOX18 was selected for function analysis. The overexpression of GmWOX18 increased the regeneration ability of clustered buds. The results will provide valuable information for further studies on the roles of WOX genes in regulating soybean growth, development and responses to abiotic stress, as well as a basis for the functional identification and analysis of WOX genes in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China.
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhihui Shan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xin-An Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Li M, Wang R, Liu Z, Wu X, Wang J. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family in allotetraploid Brassica napus reveals changes in WOX genes during polyploidization. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:317. [PMID: 31023229 PMCID: PMC6482515 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes encoding plant-specific homeobox (HB) transcription factors play important roles in the growth and development of plants. To date, WOX genes has been identified and analyzed in many polyploids (such as cotton and tobacco), but the evolutionary analysis of them during polyploidization is rare. With the completion of genome sequencing, allotetraploid Brassica napus and its diploid progenitors (B. rapa and B. oleracea) are a good system for studying this question. RESULTS In this study, 52, 25 and 29 WOX genes were identified in allotetraploid B. napus (2n = 4x = 38, AnCn), the An genome donor B. rapa (2n = 2x = 20, Ar) and the Cn genome donor B. oleracea (2n = 2x = 18, Co), respectively. All identified WOX genes in B. napus and its diploid progenitors were divided into three clades, and these genes were selected to perform gene structure and chromosome location analysis. The results showed that at least 70 and 67% of WOX genes maintained the same gene structure and relative position on chromosomes, respectively, indicating that WOX genes in B. napus were highly conserved at the DNA level during polyploidization. In addition, the analysis of duplicated genes and transposable elements (TEs) near WOX genes showed that whole-genome triplication (WGT) events, segmental duplication and abundant TEs played important roles in the expansion of the WOX gene family in B. napus. Moreover, the analysis of the expression profiles of WOX gene pairs with evolutionary relationships suggested that the WOX gene family may have changed at the transcriptional regulation level during polyploidization. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study increased our understanding of the WOX genes in B. napus and its diploid progenitors, providing a rich resource for further study of WOX genes in these species. In addition, the changes in WOX genes during the process of polyploidization were discussed from the aspects of gene number, gene structure, gene relative location and gene expression, which provides a reference for future polyploidization analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
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Coen O, Magnani E. Seed coat thickness in the evolution of angiosperms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2509-2518. [PMID: 29730767 PMCID: PMC6003975 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The seed habit represents a remarkable evolutionary advance in plant sexual reproduction. Since the Paleozoic, seeds carry a seed coat that protects, nourishes and facilitates the dispersal of the fertilization product(s). The seed coat architecture evolved to adapt to different environments and reproductive strategies in part by modifying its thickness. Here, we review the great natural diversity observed in seed coat thickness among angiosperms and its molecular regulation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Coen
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
- Ecole Doctorale 567 Sciences du Végétal, University Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, bat 360, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Enrico Magnani
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
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Li X, Hamyat M, Liu C, Ahmad S, Gao X, Guo C, Wang Y, Guo Y. Identification and Characterization of the WOX Family Genes in Five Solanaceae Species Reveal Their Conserved Roles in Peptide Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050260. [PMID: 29772825 PMCID: PMC5977200 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the plant-specific WOX (WUSCHEL-related homeobox) transcription factor family have been reported to play important roles in peptide signaling that regulates stem cell maintenance and cell fate specification in various developmental processes. Even though remarkable advances have been made in studying WOX genes in Arabidopsis, little is known about this family in Solanaceae species. A total of 45 WOX members from five Solanaceae species were identified, including eight members from Solanum tuberosum, eight from Nicotiana tomentosiformis, 10 from Solanum lycopersicum, 10 from Nicotiana sylvestris and nine from Nicotiana tabacum. The newly identified WOX members were classified into three clades and nine subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis using three different methods. The patterns of exon-intron structure and motif organization of the WOX proteins agreed with the phylogenetic results. Gene duplication events and ongoing evolution were revealed by additional branches on the phylogenetic tree and the presence of a partial WUS-box in some non-WUS clade members. Gene expression with or without CLE (clavata3 (clv3)/embryo surrounding region-related) peptide treatments revealed that tobacco WOX genes showed similar or distinct expression patterns compared with their Arabidopsis homologues, suggesting either functional conservation or divergence. Expression of Nicotiana tabacum WUSCHEL (NtabWUS) in the organizing center could rescue the wus-1 mutant phenotypes in Arabidopsis, implying conserved roles of the Solanaceae WOX proteins in peptide-mediated regulation of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Madiha Hamyat
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Salman Ahmad
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Cun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yuanying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Alvarez JM, Bueno N, Cañas RA, Avila C, Cánovas FM, Ordás RJ. Analysis of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene family in Pinus pinaster: New insights into the gene family evolution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:304-318. [PMID: 29278847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) genes are key players controlling stem cells in plants and can be divided into three clades according to the time of their appearance during plant evolution. Our knowledge of stem cell function in vascular plants other than angiosperms is limited, they separated from gymnosperms ca 300 million years ago and their patterning during embryogenesis differs significantly. For this reason, we have used the model gymnosperm Pinus pinaster to identify WOX genes and perform a thorough analysis of their gene expression patterns. Using transcriptomic data from a comprehensive range of tissues and stages of development we have shown three major outcomes: that the P. pinaster genome encodes at least fourteen members of the WOX family spanning all the major clades, that the genome of gymnosperms contains a WOX gene with no homologues in angiosperms representing a transitional stage between intermediate- and WUS-clade proteins, and that we can detect discrete WUS and WOX5 transcripts for the first time in a gymnosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Natalia Bueno
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael A Cañas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Avila
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cánovas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Ricardo J Ordás
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Liu M, Lei L, Miao F, Powers C, Zhang X, Deng J, Tadege M, Carver BF, Yan L. The STENOFOLIA gene from Medicago alters leaf width, flowering time and chlorophyll content in transgenic wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:186-196. [PMID: 28509374 PMCID: PMC5785358 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genetic analyses revealed that the WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene superfamily regulates several programs in plant development. Many different mechanisms are reported to underlie these alterations. The WOX family member STENOFOLIA (STF) is involved in leaf expansion in the eudicot Medicago truncutula. Here, we report that when this gene was ectopically expressed in a locally adapted hard red winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum), the transgenic plants showed not only widened leaves but also accelerated flowering and increased chlorophyll content. These desirable traits were stably inherited in the progeny plants. STF binds to wheat genes that have the (GA)n /(CT)n DNA cis element, regardless of sequences flanking the DNA repeats, suggesting a mechanism for its pleiotropic effects. However, the amino acids between position 91 and 262 in the STF protein that were found to bind with the (GA)n motif have no conserved domain with any other GAGA-binding proteins in animals or plants. We also found that STF interacted with a variety of proteins in wheat in yeast 2 hybrid assays. We conclude that the eudicot STF gene binds to (GA)n /(CT)n DNA elements and can be used to regulate leaf width, flowering time and chlorophyll content in monocot wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
- Present address:
School of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Fang Miao
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
- Present address:
College of Life ScienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Carol Powers
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Jungpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Brett F. Carver
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Liuling Yan
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
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Identification and Functional Divergence Analysis of WOX Gene Family in Paper Mulberry. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081782. [PMID: 28813005 PMCID: PMC5578171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The WOX (WUSCHEL-related homeobox) is a plant-specific transcription factor involved in plant development and stress response. However, few studies have been reported on the WOX gene in woody plants. In this study, 10 BpWOX genes were isolated from paper mulberry by RACE-PCR and categorized into three clades through phylogenetic analysis, ancient, intermediate and WUS clade. Among them, five members had the transcriptional activity detected by yeast one-hybrid and seven were uniquely localized to the nucleus through green fluorescent protein (GFP) observation. The expression patterns of BpWOX genes in different tissues and under diverse treatments were quantified by the qRT-PCR method. Results showed that BpWUS was expressed in the apical bud, stem and root, BpWOX5 and BpWOX7 functioned only in the root tip, and three BpWOXs regulated leaf development redundantly. BpWOX9 and BpWOX10 were induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or jasmonic acid (JA), while BpWOX2 was repressed by five phytohormones. Interestingly, most BpWOX genes were responsive to the abiotic stress stimuli of drought, salt, cold, and cadmium (CdCl2). Together, our study revealed that BpWOXs were functionally divergent during paper mulberry development and environmental adaptation, which might be related to their evolutionary relationships. Our work will benefit the systematic understanding of the precise function of WOX in plant development and environmental stress responses.
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Yang Z, Gong Q, Qin W, Yang Z, Cheng Y, Lu L, Ge X, Zhang C, Wu Z, Li F. Genome-wide analysis of WOX genes in upland cotton and their expression pattern under different stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:113. [PMID: 28683794 PMCID: PMC5501002 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family members play significant roles in plant growth and development, such as in embryo patterning, stem-cell maintenance, and lateral organ formation. The recently published cotton genome sequences allow us to perform comprehensive genome-wide analysis and characterization of WOX genes in cotton. RESULTS In this study, we identified 21, 20, and 38 WOX genes in Gossypium arboreum (2n = 26, A2), G. raimondii (2n = 26, D5), and G. hirsutum (2n = 4x = 52, (AD)t), respectively. Sequence logos showed that homeobox domains were significantly conserved among the WOX genes in cotton, Arabidopsis, and rice. A total of 168 genes from three typical monocots and six dicots were naturally divided into three clades, which were further classified into nine sub-clades. A good collinearity was observed in the synteny analysis of the orthologs from At and Dt (t represents tetraploid) sub-genomes. Whole genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication within At and Dt sub-genomes played significant roles in the expansion of WOX genes, and segmental duplication mainly generated the WUS clade. Copia and Gypsy were the two major types of transposable elements distributed upstream or downstream of WOX genes. Furthermore, through comparison, we found that the exon/intron pattern was highly conserved between Arabidopsis and cotton, and the homeobox domain loci were also conserved between them. In addition, the expression pattern in different tissues indicated that the duplicated genes in cotton might have acquired new functions as a result of sub-functionalization or neo-functionalization. The expression pattern of WOX genes under different stress treatments showed that the different genes were induced by different stresses. CONCLUSION In present work, WOX genes, classified into three clades, were identified in the upland cotton genome. Whole genome and segmental duplication were determined to be the two major impetuses for the expansion of gene numbers during the evolution. Moreover, the expression patterns suggested that the duplicated genes might have experienced a functional divergence. Together, these results shed light on the evolution of the WOX gene family, and would be helpful in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoen Yang
- Xinjiang Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wenqiang Qin
- Xinjiang Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Lili Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhixia Wu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Xinjiang Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
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Boccacci P, Mela A, Pavez Mina C, Chitarra W, Perrone I, Gribaudo I, Gambino G. Cultivar-specific gene modulation in Vitis vinifera: analysis of the promoters regulating the expression of WOX transcription factors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45670. [PMID: 28358354 PMCID: PMC5372460 DOI: 10.1038/srep45670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of Wuschel-related Homeobox (WOX) genes is a class of transcription factors involved in the early stages of embryogenesis and organ development in plants. Some of these genes have shown different transcription levels in embryogenic tissues and mature organs in two different cultivars of Vitis vinifera: ‘Chardonnay’ (CH) and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS). Therefore, we investigated the genetic basis responsible for these differences by cloning and sequencing in both the cultivars the promoter regions (~2000 bp) proximal to the transcription start site of five VvWOX genes. We then introduced these promoters into Arabidopsis thaliana for expression pattern characterisation using the GUS reporter gene. In the transgenic Arabidopsis, two promoters isolated from CS (pVvWOX13C_CS and pVvWOX6_CS) induced increased expression compared to the sequence isolated in CH, confirming the data obtained in grapevine tissues. These results were corroborated by transient expression assays using the agroinfiltration approach in grapevine somatic embryos. Truncated versions of pVvWOX13C demonstrated that few nucleotide differences between the sequences isolated from CH and CS are pivotal for the transcriptional regulation of VvWOX13C. Analysis of promoters using heterologous and homologous systems appear to be effective for exploring gene modulation linked with intervarietal sequence variation in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino. Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Anita Mela
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Grugliasco Unit. Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco-TO, Italy
| | - Catalina Pavez Mina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Grugliasco Unit. Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco-TO, Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino. Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino. Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Grugliasco Unit. Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco-TO, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino. Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
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Huang S, Liu Z, Li C, Yao R, Li D, Hou L, Li X, Liu W, Feng H. Transcriptome Analysis of a Female-sterile Mutant ( fsm) in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:546. [PMID: 28443127 PMCID: PMC5385380 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Female-sterile mutants are ideal materials for studying pistil development in plants. Here, we identified a female-sterile mutant fsm in Chinese cabbage. This mutant, which exhibited stable inheritance, was derived from Chinese cabbage DH line 'FT' using a combination of isolated microspore culture and ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. Compared with the wild-type line 'FT,' the fsm plants exhibited pistil abortion, and floral organs were also relatively smaller. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of fsm is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Morphological observations revealed that the presence of abnormal ovules in fsm likely influenced normal fertilization process, ultimately leading to female sterility. Comparative transcriptome analysis on the flower buds of 'FT' and fsm using RNA-Seq revealed a total of 1,872 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Of these, a number of genes involved in pistil development were identified, such as PRETTY FEW SEEDS 2 (PFS2), temperature-induced lipocalin (TIL), AGAMOUS-LIKE (AGL), and HECATE (HEC). Furthermore, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs suggested that a variety of biological processes and metabolic pathways are significantly enriched during pistil development. In addition, the expression patterns of 16 DEGs, including four pistil development-related genes and 12 floral organ development-related genes, were analyzed using qRT-PCR. A total of 31,272 single nucleotide polymorphisms were specifically detected in fsm. These results contribute to shed light on the regulatory mechanisms underlying pistil development in Chinese cabbage.
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Dolzblasz A, Nardmann J, Clerici E, Causier B, van der Graaff E, Chen J, Davies B, Werr W, Laux T. Stem Cell Regulation by Arabidopsis WOX Genes. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1028-39. [PMID: 27109605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene amplification followed by functional diversification is a major force in evolution. A typical example of this is seen in the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) gene family, named after the Arabidopsis stem cell regulator WUSCHEL. Here we analyze functional divergence in the WOX gene family. Members of the WUS clade, except the cambium stem cell regulator WOX4, can substitute for WUS function in shoot and floral stem cell maintenance to different degrees. Stem cell function of WUS requires a canonical WUS-box, essential for interaction with TPL/TPR co-repressors, whereas the repressive EAR domain is dispensable and the acidic domain seems only to be required for female fertility. In contrast to the WUS clade, members of the ancient WOX13 and the WOX9 clades cannot support stem cell maintenance. Although the homeodomains are interchangeable between WUS and WOX9 clade members, a WUS-compatible homeodomain together with canonical WUS-box is not sufficient for stem cell maintenance. Our results suggest that WOX function in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis is restricted to the modern WUS clade, suggesting that stem cell control is a derived function. Yet undiscovered functional domains in addition to the homeodomain and the WUS-box are necessary for this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Dolzblasz
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Judith Nardmann
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Street 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Elena Clerici
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Barry Causier
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eric van der Graaff
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jinhui Chen
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brendan Davies
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Street 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Thomas Laux
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Cross-Talk Between Sporophyte and Gametophyte Generations Is Promoted by CHD3 Chromatin Remodelers in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 2016; 203:817-29. [PMID: 27075727 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.180141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosperm reproduction requires the integrated development of multiple tissues with different genotypes. To achieve successful fertilization, the haploid female gametophytes and diploid ovary must coordinate their development, after which the male gametes must navigate through the maternal sporophytic tissues to reach the female gametes. After fertilization, seed development requires coordinated development of the maternal diploid integuments, the triploid endosperm, and the diploid zygote. Transcription and signaling factors contribute to communication between these tissues, and roles for epigenetic regulation have been described for some of these processes. Here we identify a broad role for CHD3 chromatin remodelers in Arabidopsis thaliana reproductive development. Plants lacking the CHD3 remodeler, PICKLE, exhibit various reproductive defects including abnormal development of the integuments, female gametophyte, and pollen tube, as well as delayed progression of ovule and embryo development. Genetic analyses demonstrate that these phenotypes result from loss of PICKLE in the maternal sporophyte. The paralogous gene PICKLE RELATED 2 is preferentially expressed in the endosperm and acts antagonistically with respect to PICKLE in the seed: loss of PICKLE RELATED 2 suppresses the large seed phenotype of pickle seeds. Surprisingly, the alteration of seed size in pickle plants is sufficient to determine the expression of embryonic traits in the seedling primary root. These findings establish an important role for CHD3 remodelers in plant reproduction and highlight how the epigenetic status of one tissue can impact the development of genetically distinct tissues.
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48
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Kong D, Hao Y, Cui H. The WUSCHEL Related Homeobox Protein WOX7 Regulates the Sugar Response of Lateral Root Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:261-270. [PMID: 26621542 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sugars promote lateral root formation at low levels but become inhibitory at high C/N or C/P ratios. How sugars suppress lateral root formation is unclear, however. Here we report that WOX7, a member of the WUSCHEL related homeobox (WOX) family transcription factors, inhibits lateral root development in a sugar-dependent manner. The number of lateral root primordia increased in wox7 mutants but decreased in plants over-expressing WOX7. Plants expressing the WOX7-VP16 fusion protein produced even more lateral roots than wox7, suggesting that WOX7 acts as a transcriptional repressor in lateral root development. WOX7 is expressed at all stages of lateral root development, but it is primarily involved in lateral root initiation. Consistent with this, the wox7 mutant had a higher mitotic activity only at early stages of lateral root development. Further studies suggest that WOX7 regulates lateral root development through direct repression of cell cycle genes, particularly CYCD6;1. WOX7 expression was enhanced by sugar, reduced by auxin, but did not respond to salt and mannitol. In the wox7 mutant, the effect of sugar on lateral root formation was mitigated. These results together suggest that WOX7 plays an important role in coupling the lateral root development program and sugar status in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Kong
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yueling Hao
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Hongchang Cui
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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49
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Tvorogova VE, Lebedeva MA, Lutova LA. Expression of WOX and PIN genes during somatic and zygotic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415120121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Xu M, Xie W, Huang M. Two WUSCHEL-related HOMEOBOX genes, PeWOX11a and PeWOX11b, are involved in adventitious root formation of poplar. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:446-56. [PMID: 25998748 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific WUSCHEL-related HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors play important roles in key developmental processes, but knowledge regarding functional characterization of WOX genes in poplar remains limited. To reveal genes and signaling pathways associated with adventitious rooting in poplar, here we isolated and characterized two WOX genes through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), sequence aligning, expression profiling, protoplast transfection and poplar transformation. Detailed information about the sequence similarity, structural features, evolutionary relationships, expression patterns and subcellular localization of the two genes were revealed. Overexpression of either PeWOX11a or PeWOX11b not only increased the number of adventitious roots on the cuttings but also induced ectopic roots in the aerial parts of transgenic poplars. Meanwhile, their overexpression in transgenic poplars affected axillary bud and leaf development. These results suggest that PeWOX11a and PeWOX11b were involved in multiple developmental processes of poplar, especially in adventitious root formation. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying adventitious root formation of poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfan Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Minren Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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