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Herrmann A, Sepuru KM, Endo H, Nakagawa A, Kusano S, Bai P, Ziadi A, Kato H, Sato A, Liu J, Shan L, Kimura S, Itami K, Uchida N, Hagihara S, Torii KU. Chemical genetics reveals cross-activation of plant developmental signaling by the immune peptide-receptor pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.29.605519. [PMID: 39131359 PMCID: PMC11312451 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.605519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Cells sense and integrate multiple signals to coordinate development and defence. A receptor-kinase signaling pathway for plant stomatal development shares components with the immunity pathway. The mechanism ensuring their signal specificities remains unclear. Using chemical genetics, here we report the identification of a small molecule, kC9, that triggers excessive stomatal differentiation by inhibiting the canonical ERECTA receptor-kinase pathway. kC9 binds to and inhibits the downstream MAP kinase MPK6, perturbing its substrate interaction. Strikingly, activation of immune signaling by a bacterial flagellin peptide nullified kC9's effects on stomatal development. This cross-activation of stomatal development by immune signaling depends on the immune receptor FLS2 and occurs even in the absence of kC9 if the ERECTA-family receptor population becomes suboptimal. Furthermore, proliferating stomatal-lineage cells are vulnerable to the immune signal penetration. Our findings suggest that the signal specificity between development and immunity can be ensured by MAP Kinase homeostasis reflecting the availability of upstream receptors, thereby providing a novel view on signal specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Herrmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Krishna Mohan Sepuru
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ayami Nakagawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Pengfei Bai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Asraa Ziadi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603–8555, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiko U. Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Liu S, Chen T, Li X, Cui J, Tian Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of EPF/EPFL gene family in Populus trichocarpa. Front Genet 2024; 15:1432376. [PMID: 39092431 PMCID: PMC11291230 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1432376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Epidermal Patterning Factor/EPF-like (EPF/EPFL) family encodes a specific type of secreted protein in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development, especially in the process of morphogenesis. To investigate the characteristics of EPF/EPFL gene family members and their regulatory functions in stomatal development of Populus trichocarpa, a total of 15 EPF/EPFL family genes were identified. Then the gene structure, chromosome location, phylogenetic relationship, protein conserved domain and gene expression profile were analyzed. According to phylogenetic analysis, PtEPF/EPFL can be classified into four groups. The gene structure and protein conservation motifs within the EPF family indicate the high conservation of the PtEPF/EPFL sequence. The promoter region of PtEPF/EPFL was found to contain cis-elements in response to stress and plant hormones. In addition, RT-qPCR results indicated that the PtEPF/EPFL have a differentially expressed in different tissues. Under drought stress treatment, a substantial upregulation was observed in the majority of PtEPF/EPFL members, suggesting their potential involvement in drought response. These results provide a theoretical basis for future exploration of the characteristics and functions of more PtEPF/EPFL genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yinshuai Tian
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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3
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Chen L. Regulation of stomatal development by epidermal, subepidermal and long-distance signals. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:80. [PMID: 38940934 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Plant leaves consist of three layers, including epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissues. Their development is meticulously orchestrated. Stomata are the specified structures on the epidermis for uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) while release of water vapour and oxygen (O2), and thus play essential roles in regulation of plant photosynthesis and water use efficiency. To function efficiently, stomatal formation must coordinate with the development of other epidermal cell types, such as pavement cell and trichome, and tissues of other layers, such as mesophyll and leaf vein. This review summarizes the regulation of stomatal development in three dimensions (3D). In the epidermis, specific stomatal transcription factors determine cell fate transitions and also activate a ligand-receptor- MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) signaling for ensuring proper stomatal density and patterning. This forms the core regulation network of stomatal development, which integrates various environmental cues and phytohormone signals to modulate stomatal production. Under the epidermis, mesophyll, endodermis of hypocotyl and inflorescence stem, and veins in grasses secrete mobile signals to influence stomatal formation in the epidermis. In addition, long-distance signals which may include phytohormones, RNAs, peptides and proteins originated from other plant organs modulate stomatal development, enabling plants to systematically adapt to the ever changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Arifuzzaman M, Mamidi S, Sanz-Saez A, Zakeri H, Scaboo A, Fritschi FB. Identification of loci associated with water use efficiency and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271849. [PMID: 38034552 PMCID: PMC10687445 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) production is greatly affected by persistent and/or intermittent droughts in rainfed soybean-growing regions worldwide. Symbiotic N2 fixation (SNF) in soybean can also be significantly hampered even under moderate drought stress. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with shoot carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) as a surrogate measure for water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) to assess relative SNF, N concentration ([N]), and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N). Genome-wide association mapping was performed with 105 genotypes and approximately 4 million single-nucleotide polymorphism markers derived from whole-genome resequencing information. A total of 11, 21, 22, and 22 genomic loci associated with δ13C, δ15N, [N], and C/N, respectively, were identified in two environments. Nine of these 76 loci were stable across environments, as they were detected in both environments. In addition to the 62 novel loci identified, 14 loci aligned with previously reported quantitative trait loci for different C and N traits related to drought, WUE, and N2 fixation in soybean. A total of 58 Glyma gene models encoding for different genes related to the four traits were identified in the vicinity of the genomic loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arifuzzaman
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sujan Mamidi
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Saez
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Hossein Zakeri
- College of Agriculture, California State University-Chico, Chico, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Scaboo
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Felix B. Fritschi
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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He Y, He X, Wang X, Hao M, Gao J, Wang Y, Yang ZN, Meng X. An EPFL peptide signaling pathway promotes stamen elongation via enhancing filament cell proliferation to ensure successful self-pollination in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1045-1058. [PMID: 36772858 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proper stamen filament elongation is essential for plant self-pollination and reproduction. Several phytohormones such as jasmonate and gibberellin play important roles in controlling filament elongation, but other endogenous signals involved in this developmental process remain unknown. We report here that three EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE (EPFL) family peptides, EPFL4, EPFL5 and EPFL6, act redundantly to promote stamen filament elongation via enhancing filament cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Knockout of EPFL4-6 genes led to shortened filaments due to defective filament cell proliferation, resulting in pollination failure and male sterility. Further genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that the ERECTA family and the SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK) family RLKs form receptor complexes to perceive EPFL4-6 peptides and promote filament cell proliferation. Moreover, based on both loss- and gain-of-function genetic analyses, the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade MKK4/MKK5-MPK6 was shown to function downstream of EPFL4-6 to positively regulate cell proliferation in stamen filaments. Together, this study reveals that an EPFL peptide signaling pathway composed of the EPFL4-6 peptide ligands, the ERECTA-SERK receptor complexes and the downstream MKK4/MKK5-MPK6 cascade promotes stamen filament elongation via enhancing filament cell proliferation to ensure successful self-pollination and normal fertility in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiaomeng He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Mengyue Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jiale Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yangxiayu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiangzong Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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6
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Jiao P, Liang Y, Chen S, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Hu H. Bna.EPF2 Enhances Drought Tolerance by Regulating Stomatal Development and Stomatal Size in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098007. [PMID: 37175713 PMCID: PMC10179174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress severely affects global plant growth and production. The enhancement of plant water-use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance by the manipulation of the stomata is an effective strategy to deal with water shortage. However, increasing the WUE and drought tolerance by manipulation on the stomata has rarely been tested in Brassica napus. Here, we isolated Bna.EPF2, an epidermal patterning factor (EPF) in Brassica napus (ecotype Westar), and identified its role in drought performance. Bna.EPF2 overexpression lines had a reduction average of 19.02% in abaxial stomatal density and smaller stomatal pore size, leading to approximately 25% lower transpiration, which finally resulted in greater instantaneous WUE and enhanced drought tolerance. Interestingly, the reduction in stomatal density did not affect the CO2 assimilation or yield-related agronomic traits in Bna.EPF2 overexpression plants. Together with the complementation of Bna.EPF2 significantly decreasing the stomatal density of Arabidopsis epf2, and Bna.EPF2 being expressed in mature guard cells, these results suggest that Bna.EPF2 not only functions in stomatal density development, but also in stomatal dimension in Brassicas. Taken together, our results suggest that Bna.EPF2 improves WUE and drought tolerance by the regulation of stomatal density and stomatal size in Brassica without growth and yield penalty, and provide insight into the manipulation of this gene in the breeding of drought tolerant plants with increased production under water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Yuanlin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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7
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Li P, Chen L, Gu X, Zhao M, Wang W, Hou S. FOUR LIPS plays a role in meristemoid-to-GMC fate transition during stomatal development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:424-436. [PMID: 36786686 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Meristemoids, which are stomatal precursor cells, exhibit self-renewal and differentiation abilities. However, the only known core factor associated with meristemoid division termination and fate transition is the heterodimer formed by the basic helix-loop-helix proteins MUTE and SCREAMs (SCRMs). FOUR LIPS (FLP), a well-known transcription factor that restricts guard mother cell (GMC) division, is a direct target of MUTE. Whether FLP involves in meristemoid differentiation is unknown. Through sensitized genetic screening of flp-1, we identified a mute-like (mutl) mutant with arrested meristemoids. The mutant carried a novel allele of the MUTE locus, i.e., mute-4. Intriguingly, mute-4 is a hypomorphic allele that exhibits wild-type appearance with slightly delayed meristemoid-to-GMC transition, whereas it renders an unexpected mutl epidermis with most meristemoids arrested and very few stomata when combined with flp (flp mute-4), suggesting that FLP is a positive regulator during this transition process. Consistently, the expression of FLP increased during GMC commitment, and the number of cells at this stage was markedly increased in flp. flp scrm double mutants produced arrested meristemoids similar to mute, and FLP was able to interact physically with SCRM. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FLP functions together with MUTE and SCRMs to direct meristemoid-to-GMC fate transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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8
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Li M, Lv M, Wang X, Cai Z, Yao H, Zhang D, Li H, Zhu M, Du W, Wang R, Wang Z, Kui H, Hou S, Li J, Yi J, Gou X. The EPFL-ERf-SERK signaling controls integument development in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:186-201. [PMID: 36564978 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the seed precursor, the ovule produces the female gametophyte (or embryo sac), and the subsequent double fertilization occurs in it. The integuments emerge sequentially from the integument primordia at the early stages of ovule development and finally enwrap the embryo sac gradually during gametogenesis, protecting and nursing the embryo sac. However, the mechanisms regulating integument development are still obscure. In this study, we show that SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES (SERKs) play essential roles during integument development in Arabidopsis thaliana. The serk1/2/3 triple mutant shows arrested integuments and abnormal embryo sacs, similar defects also found in the triple loss-of-function mutants of ERECTA family (ERf) genes. Ovules of serk1/2/3 er erl1/2 show defects similar to er erl1/2 and serk1/2/3. Results of yeast two-hybrid analyses, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses, and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that SERKs interact with ERf, which depends on EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE (EPFL) family small peptides. The sextuple mutant epfl1/2/3/4/5/6 shows integument defects similar to both of er erl1/2 and serk1/2/3. Our results demonstrate that ERf-SERK-mediated EPFL signaling orchestrates the development of the female gametophyte and the surrounding sporophytic integuments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Minghui Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zeping Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Hongrui Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Huiqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Mingsong Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Wenbin Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ruoshi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hong Kui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
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Rasouli F, Kiani-Pouya A, Movahedi A, Wang Y, Li L, Yu M, Pourkheirandish M, Zhou M, Chen Z, Zhang H, Shabala S. Guard Cell Transcriptome Reveals Membrane Transport, Stomatal Development and Cell Wall Modifications as Key Traits Involved in Salinity Tolerance in Halophytic Chenopodium quinoa. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:204-220. [PMID: 36355785 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A comparative investigation was conducted to evaluate transcriptional changes in guard cells (GCs) of closely related halophytic (Chenopodium quinoa) and glycophytic (Spinacia oleracea) species. Plants were exposed to 3 weeks of 250 mM sodium chloride treatment, and GC-enriched epidermal fragments were mechanically prepared. In both species, salt-responsive genes were mainly related to categories of protein metabolism, secondary metabolites, signal transduction and transport systems. Genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and ABA biosynthesis were strongly induced in quinoa but not in spinach GCs. Also, expression of the genes encoding transporters of amino acids, proline, sugars, sucrose and potassium increased in quinoa GCs under salinity stress. Analysis of cell-wall-related genes suggests that genes involved in lignin synthesis (e.g. lignin biosynthesis LACCASE 4) were highly upregulated by salt in spinach GCs. In contrast, transcripts related to cell wall plasticity Pectin methylesterase3 (PME3) were highly induced in quinoa. Faster stomatal response to light and dark measured by observing kinetics of changes in stomatal conductance in quinoa might be associated with higher plasticity of the cell wall regulated by PME3 Furthermore, genes involved in the inhibition of stomatal development and differentiation were highly expressed by salt in quinoa, but not in spinach. These changes correlated with reduced stomatal density and index in quinoa, thus improving its water use efficiency. The fine modulation of transporters, cell wall modification and controlling stomatal development in GCs of quinoa may have resulted in high K+/Na+ ratio, lower stomatal conductance and higher stomatal speed for better adaptation to salinity stress in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rasouli
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Ali Kiani-Pouya
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Leiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Mohammad Pourkheirandish
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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10
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Zhang Y, Xu T, Dong J. Asymmetric cell division in plant development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:343-370. [PMID: 36610013 PMCID: PMC9975081 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a fundamental process that generates new cell types during development in eukaryotic species. In plant development, post-embryonic organogenesis driven by ACD is universal and more important than in animals, in which organ pattern is preset during embryogenesis. Thus, plant development provides a powerful system to study molecular mechanisms underlying ACD. During the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the key components and mechanisms involved in this important process in plants. Here, we present an overview of how ACD is determined and regulated in multiple biological processes in plant development and compare their conservation and specificity among different model cell systems. We also summarize the molecular roles and mechanisms of the phytohormones in the regulation of plant ACD. Finally, we conclude with the overarching paradigms and principles that govern plant ACD and consider how new technologies can be exploited to fill the knowledge gaps and make new advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08891, USA
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11
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Chen L. Emerging roles of protein phosphorylation in regulation of stomatal development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153882. [PMID: 36493667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stomata, tiny epidermal spores, control gas exchange between plants and their external environment, thereby playing essential roles in plant development and physiology. Stomatal development requires rapid regulation of components in signaling pathways to respond flexibly to numerous intrinsic and extrinsic signals. In support of this, reversible phosphorylation, which is particularly suitable for rapid signal transduction, has been implicated in this process. This review highlights the current understanding of the essential roles of reversible phosphorylation in the regulation of stomatal development, most of which comes from the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana. Protein phosphorylation tightly controls the activity of SPEECHLESS (SPCH)-SCREAM (SCRM), the stomatal lineage switch, and the activity of several mitogen-activated protein kinases and receptor kinases upstream of SPCH-SCRM, thereby regulating stomatal cell differentiation and patterning. In addition, protein phosphorylation is involved in the establishment of cell polarity during stomatal asymmetric cell division. Finally, cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated protein phosphorylation plays essential roles in cell cycle control during stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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12
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Chen L, Cochran AM, Waite JM, Shirasu K, Bemis SM, Torii KU. Direct attenuation of Arabidopsis ERECTA signalling by a pair of U-box E3 ligases. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:112-127. [PMID: 36539597 PMCID: PMC9873567 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense a myriad of signals through cell-surface receptors to coordinate their development and environmental response. The Arabidopsis ERECTA receptor kinase regulates diverse developmental processes via perceiving multiple EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF)/EPF-LIKE peptide ligands. How the activated ERECTA protein is turned over is unknown. Here we identify two closely related plant U-box ubiquitin E3 ligases, PUB30 and PUB31, as key attenuators of ERECTA signalling for two developmental processes: inflorescence/pedicel growth and stomatal development. Loss-of-function pub30 pub31 mutant plants exhibit extreme inflorescence/pedicel elongation and reduced stomatal numbers owing to excessive ERECTA protein accumulation. Ligand activation of ERECTA leads to phosphorylation of PUB30/31 via BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1), which acts as a coreceptor kinase and a scaffold to promote PUB30/31 to associate with and ubiquitinate ERECTA for eventual degradation. Our work highlights PUB30 and PUB31 as integral components of the ERECTA regulatory circuit that ensure optimal signalling outputs, thereby defining the role for PUB proteins in developmental signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicia M Cochran
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jessica M Waite
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shannon M Bemis
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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13
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Herrmann A, Torii KU. Shouting out loud: signaling modules in the regulation of stomatal development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:765-780. [PMID: 33793896 PMCID: PMC8133662 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are small pores on the surface of land plants that facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. The function of stomata is pivotal for plant growth and survival. Intensive research on the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has discovered key peptide signaling pathways, transcription factors, and polarity components that together drive proper stomatal development and patterning. In this review, we focus on recent findings that have revealed co-option of peptide-receptor kinase signaling modules-utilized for diverse developmental processes and immune response. We further discuss an emerging connection between extrinsic signaling and intrinsic polarity modules. These findings have further enlightened our understanding of this fascinating developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Herrmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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14
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Chen L, Zhao M, Wu Z, Chen S, Rojo E, Luo J, Li P, Zhao L, Chen Y, Deng J, Cheng B, He K, Gou X, Li J, Hou S. RNA polymerase II associated proteins regulate stomatal development through direct interaction with stomatal transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:171-189. [PMID: 33058210 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) associated proteins (RPAPs) have been ascribed diverse functions at the cellular level; however, their roles in developmental processes in yeasts, animals and plants are very poorly understood. Through screening for interactors of NRPB3, which encodes the third largest subunit of Pol II, we identified RIMA, the orthologue of mammalian RPAP2. A combination of genetic and biochemical assays revealed the role of RIMA and other RPAPs in stomatal development in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that RIMA is involved in nuclear import of NRPB3 and other Pol II subunits, and is essential for restraining division and for establishing cell identity in the stomatal cell lineage. Moreover, plant RPAPs IYO/RPAP1 and QQT1/RPAP4, which interact with RIMA, are also crucial for stomatal development. Importantly, RIMA and QQT1 bind physically to stomatal transcription factors SPEECHLESS, MUTE, FAMA and SCREAMs. The RIMA-QQT1-IYO complex could work together with key stomatal transcription factors and Pol II to drive cell fate transitions in the stomatal cell lineage. Direct interactions with stomatal transcription factors provide a novel mechanism by which RPAP proteins may control differentiation of cell types and tissues in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhongliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Enrique Rojo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Jiangwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kai He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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15
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Wei H, Jing Y, Zhang L, Kong D. Phytohormones and their crosstalk in regulating stomatal development and patterning. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2356-2370. [PMID: 33512461 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play important roles in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Stomata are openings on the surface of land plants that control gas exchange with the environment. Accumulating evidence shows that various phytohormones, including abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberellic acid, play many roles in the regulation of stomatal development and patterning, and that the cotyledons/leaves and hypocotyls/stems of Arabidopsis exhibit differential responsiveness to phytohormones. In this review, we first discuss the shared regulatory mechanisms controlling stomatal development and patterning in Arabidopsis cotyledons and hypocotyls and those that are distinct. We then summarize current knowledge of how distinct hormonal signaling circuits are integrated into the core stomatal development pathways and how different phytohormones crosstalk to tailor stomatal density and spacing patterns. Knowledge obtained from Arabidopsis may pave the way for future research to elucidate the effects of phytohormones in regulating stomatal development and patterning in cereal grasses for the purpose of increasing crop adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yifeng Jing
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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16
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Bagdassarian KS, Brown CM, Jones ET, Etchells P. Connections in the cambium, receptors in the ring. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:96-103. [PMID: 32866742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants, pluripotent cells in meristems divide to provide cells for the formation of postembryonic tissues. The cambium is the meristem from which the vascular tissue is derived and is the main driver for secondary (radial) growth in dicots. Xylem and phloem are specified on opposing sides of the cambium, and tightly regulated cell divisions ensure their spatial separation. Peptide ligands, phytohormones, and their receptors are central to maintaining this patterning and regulating proliferation. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of how these signals are integrated to control vascular development and secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine M Brown
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan T Jones
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Etchells
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
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17
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Kawamoto N, Del Carpio DP, Hofmann A, Mizuta Y, Kurihara D, Higashiyama T, Uchida N, Torii KU, Colombo L, Groth G, Simon R. A Peptide Pair Coordinates Regular Ovule Initiation Patterns with Seed Number and Fruit Size. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4352-4361.e4. [PMID: 32916111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana involves pattern formation, which ensures that ovules are regularly arranged in the pistils to reduce competition for nutrients and space. Mechanisms underlying pattern formation in plants, such as phyllotaxis, flower morphogenesis, or lateral root initiation, have been extensively studied, and genes controlling the initiation of ovules have been identified. However, the fundamental patterning mechanism that determines the spacing of ovule anlagen within the placenta remained unexplored. Using natural variation analysis combined with quantitative trait locus analysis, we found that the spacing of ovules in the developing gynoecium and fruits is controlled by two secreted peptides, EPFL2 and EPFL9 (also known as Stomagen), and their receptors from the ERECTA (ER) family that act from the carpel wall and the placental tissue. We found that a signaling pathway controlled by EPFL9 acting from the carpel wall through the LRR-receptor kinases ER, ERL1, and ERL2 promotes fruit growth. Regular spacing of ovules depends on EPFL2 expression in the carpel wall and in the inter-ovule spaces, where it acts through ERL1 and ERL2. Loss of EPFL2 signaling results in shorter gynoecia and fruits and irregular spacing of ovules or even ovule twinning. We propose that the EPFL2 signaling module evolved to control the initiation and regular, equidistant spacing of ovule primordia, which may serve to minimize competition between seeds or facilitate equal resource allocation. Together, EPFL2 and EPFL9 help to coordinate ovule patterning and thereby seed number with gynoecium and fruit growth through a set of shared receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Kawamoto
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dunia Pino Del Carpio
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Agriculture Research Division, Agriculture Victoria, Level 43 Rialto South 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University, University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yoko Mizuta
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; JST, PRESTO, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Universita degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Georg Groth
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Agriculture Research Division, Agriculture Victoria, Level 43 Rialto South 525 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University Street 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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18
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Qi X, Yoshinari A, Bai P, Maes M, Zeng SM, Torii KU. The manifold actions of signaling peptides on subcellular dynamics of a receptor specify stomatal cell fate. eLife 2020; 9:58097. [PMID: 32795387 PMCID: PMC7470842 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor endocytosis is important for signal activation, transduction, and deactivation. However, how a receptor interprets conflicting signals to adjust cellular output is not clearly understood. Using genetic, cell biological, and pharmacological approaches, we report here that ERECTA-LIKE1 (ERL1), the major receptor restricting plant stomatal differentiation, undergoes dynamic subcellular behaviors in response to different EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) peptides. Activation of ERL1 by EPF1 induces rapid ERL1 internalization via multivesicular bodies/late endosomes to vacuolar degradation, whereas ERL1 constitutively internalizes in the absence of EPF1. The co-receptor, TOO MANY MOUTHS is essential for ERL1 internalization induced by EPF1 but not by EPFL6. The peptide antagonist, Stomagen, triggers retention of ERL1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, likely coupled with reduced endocytosis. In contrast, the dominant-negative ERL1 remained dysfunctional in ligand-induced subcellular trafficking. Our study elucidates that multiple related yet unique peptides specify cell fate by deploying the differential subcellular dynamics of a single receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Qi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Akira Yoshinari
- Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Pengfei Bai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Michal Maes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Scott M Zeng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
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19
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Caine RS, Chater CCC, Fleming AJ, Gray JE. Stomata and Sporophytes of the Model Moss Physcomitrium patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:643. [PMID: 32523599 PMCID: PMC7261847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosses are an ancient land plant lineage and are therefore important in studying the evolution of plant developmental processes. Here, we describe stomatal development in the model moss species Physcomitrium patens (previously known as Physcomitrella patens) over the duration of sporophyte development. We dissect the molecular mechanisms guiding cell division and fate and highlight how stomatal function might vary under different environmental conditions. In contrast to the asymmetric entry divisions described in Arabidopsis thaliana, moss protodermal cells can enter the stomatal lineage directly by expanding into an oval shaped guard mother cell (GMC). We observed that when two early stage P. patens GMCs form adjacently, a spacing division can occur, leading to separation of the GMCs by an intervening epidermal spacer cell. We investigated whether orthologs of Arabidopsis stomatal development regulators are required for this spacing division. Our results indicated that bHLH transcription factors PpSMF1 and PpSCRM1 are required for GMC formation. Moreover, the ligand and receptor components PpEPF1 and PpTMM are also required for orientating cell divisions and preventing single or clustered early GMCs from developing adjacent to one another. The identification of GMC spacing divisions in P. patens raises the possibility that the ability to space stomatal lineage cells could have evolved before mosses diverged from the ancestral lineage. This would have enabled plants to integrate stomatal development with sporophyte growth and could underpin the adoption of multiple bHLH transcription factors and EPF ligands to more precisely control stomatal patterning in later diverging plant lineages. We also observed that when P. patens sporophyte capsules mature in wet conditions, stomata are typically plugged whereas under drier conditions this is not the case; instead, mucilage drying leads to hollow sub-stomatal cavities. This appears to aid capsule drying and provides further evidence for early land plant stomata contributing to capsule rupture and spore release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Caine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Caspar C. C. Chater
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Fleming
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E. Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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20
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Yu Q, Chen L, Zhou W, An Y, Luo T, Wu Z, Wang Y, Xi Y, Yan L, Hou S. RSD1 Is Essential for Stomatal Patterning and Files in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:600021. [PMID: 33329664 PMCID: PMC7733971 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal density is an important factor that determines the efficiency of plant gas exchange and water transpiration. Through forward genetics, we screened a mutant rice stomata developmental defect 1 (rsd1-1) with decreased stomatal density and clustered stomata in rice (Oryza sativa). After the first asymmetric division, some of the larger sister cells undergo an extra asymmetric division to produce a small cell neighboring guard mother cell. Some of these small cells develop into stomata, which leads to stomatal clustering, and the rest arrested or developed into pavement cell. After map-based cloning, we found the protein encoded by this gene containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains. Evolutionary analysis showed that the DUF630/632 gene family differentiated earlier in land plants. It was found that the deletion of RSD1 would lead to the disorder of gene expression regarding stomatal development, especially the expression of stomatal density and distribution 1 (OsSDD1). Through the construction of OsSDD1 deletion mutants by CRISPR-Cas9, we found that, similar to rsd1 mutants, the ossdd1 mutants have clustered stomata and extra small cells adjacent to the stomata. OsSDD1 and RSD1 are both required for inhibiting ectopic asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) and clustered stomata. By dehydration stress assay, the decreased stomatal density of rsd1 mutants enhanced their dehydration avoidance. This study characterized the functions of RSD1 and OsSDD1 in rice stomatal development. Our findings will be helpful in developing drought-resistant crops through controlling the stomatal density.
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21
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Chen L, Wu Z, Hou S. SPEECHLESS Speaks Loudly in Stomatal Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:114. [PMID: 32153616 PMCID: PMC7046557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stomata, the small pores on the epidermis of plant shoot, control gas exchange between the plant and environment and play key roles in plant physiology, evolution, and global ecology. Stomatal development is initiated by the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH), whose central importance in stomatal development has recently come to light. SPCH integrates intralineage signals and serves as an acceptor of hormonal and environmental signals to regulate stomatal density and patterning during the development. SPCH also plays a direct role in regulating asymmetric cell division in the stomatal lineage. Owing to its importance in stomatal development, SPCH expression is tightly and spatiotemporally regulated. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the SPCH-mediated regulation of stomatal development, reinforcing the idea that SPCH is the central molecular hub for stomatal development.
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22
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Lee LR, Wengier DL, Bergmann DC. Cell-type-specific transcriptome and histone modification dynamics during cellular reprogramming in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21914-21924. [PMID: 31594845 PMCID: PMC6815143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911400116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cells maintain remarkable developmental plasticity, allowing them to clonally reproduce and to repair tissues following wounding; yet plant cells normally stably maintain consistent identities. Although this capacity was recognized long ago, our mechanistic understanding of the establishment, maintenance, and erasure of cellular identities in plants remains limited. Here, we develop a cell-type-specific reprogramming system that can be probed at the genome-wide scale for alterations in gene expression and histone modifications. We show that relationships among H3K27me3, H3K4me3, and gene expression in single cell types mirror trends from complex tissue, and that H3K27me3 dynamics regulate guard cell identity. Further, upon initiation of reprogramming, guard cells induce H3K27me3-mediated repression of a regulator of wound-induced callus formation, suggesting that cells in intact tissues may have mechanisms to sense and resist inappropriate dedifferentiation. The matched ChIP-sequencing (seq) and RNA-seq datasets created for this analysis also serve as a resource enabling inquiries into the dynamic and global-scale distribution of histone modifications in single cell types in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Lee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Diego L Wengier
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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23
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Endo H, Torii KU. Stomatal Development and Perspectives toward Agricultural Improvement. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034660. [PMID: 30988007 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stomata are small pores on the surface of land plants that facilitate gas exchange-acquiring CO2 from surrounding atmosphere and releasing water vapor. In adverse conditions, such as drought, stomata close to minimize water loss. The activities of stomata are vital for plant growth and survival. In the last two decades, key players for stomatal development have been discovered thanks to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana Our knowledge about the formation of stomata and their response to environmental changes are accumulating. In this review, we summarize the genetic and molecular mechanisms of stomatal development, with specific emphasis on recent findings and potential applications toward enhancing the sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Endo
- Institute of transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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24
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Olsson V, Joos L, Zhu S, Gevaert K, Butenko MA, De Smet I. Look Closely, the Beautiful May Be Small: Precursor-Derived Peptides in Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:153-186. [PMID: 30525926 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, a flurry of research focusing on the role of peptides as short- and long-distance signaling molecules in plant cell communication has been undertaken. Here, we focus on peptides derived from nonfunctional precursors, and we address several key questions regarding peptide signaling. We provide an overview of the regulatory steps involved in producing a biologically active peptide ligand that can bind its corresponding receptor(s) and discuss how this binding and subsequent activation lead to specific cellular outputs. We discuss different experimental approaches that can be used to match peptide ligands with their receptors. Lastly, we explore how peptides evolved from basic signaling units regulating essential processes in plants to more complex signaling systems as new adaptive traits developed and how nonplant organisms exploit this signaling machinery by producing peptide mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Olsson
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lisa Joos
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shanshuo Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Tateda C, Obara K, Abe Y, Sekine R, Nekoduka S, Hikage T, Nishihara M, Sekine KT, Fujisaki K. The Host Stomatal Density Determines Resistance to Septoria gentianae in Japanese Gentian. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:428-436. [PMID: 30295581 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-18-0114-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant stomata represent the main battlefield for host plants and the pathogens that enter plant tissues via stomata. Septoria spp., a group of ascomycete fungi, use host plant stomata for invasion and cause serious damage to agricultural plants. There is no evidence, however, showing the involvement of stomata in defense systems against Septoria infection. In this study, we isolated Septoria gentianae 20-35 (Sg20-35) from Gentiana triflora showing gentian leaf blight disease symptoms in the field. Establishment of an infection system using gentian plants cultured in vitro enabled us to observe the Sg20-35 infection process and estimate its virulence in several gentian cultivars or lines. Sg20-35 also entered gentian tissues via stomata and showed increased virulence in G. triflora compared with G. scabra and their interspecific hybrid. Notably, the susceptibility of gentian cultivars to Sg20-35 was associated with their stomatal density on the adaxial but not abaxial leaf surface. Treatment of EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE 9 (EPFL9/STOMAGEN) peptides, a small secreted peptide controlling stomatal density in Arabidopsis thaliana, increased stomatal density on the adaxial side of gentian leaves as well. Consequently, treated plants showed enhanced susceptibility to Sg20-35. These results indicate that stomatal density on the adaxial leaf surface is one of the major factors determining the susceptibility of gentian cultivars to S. gentianae and suggest that stomatal density control may represent an effective strategy to confer Septoria resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Tateda
- 1 Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Kazue Obara
- 1 Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Abe
- 1 Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Reiko Sekine
- 2 Iwate Plant Protection Office, 20-1 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Syuuichi Nekoduka
- 3 University of the Ryukyus, Faculty of Agriculture, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; and
| | - Takashi Hikage
- 4 Hachimantai City Floricultural Research and Development Center, Kamasuda 70, Hachimantai, Iwate 028-7533, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishihara
- 1 Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Ken-Taro Sekine
- 2 Iwate Plant Protection Office, 20-1 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Koki Fujisaki
- 1 Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
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26
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Sun Q, Qu J, Yu Y, Yang Z, Wei S, Wu Y, Yang J, Peng Z. TaEPFL1, an EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE (EPFL) secreted peptide gene, is required for stamen development in wheat. Genetica 2019; 147:121-130. [PMID: 30911860 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Members of the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE (EPFL) family play diverse roles in plant growth and development, including the guidance of inflorescence architecture and pedicel length. In this work, we identified and characterized the EFPL gene TaEPFL1 from the wheat pistillody mutant HTS-1. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that TaEPFL1 belongs to the EPFL1 gene. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the TaEPFL1 gene is expressed at an abnormally high level in pistillody stamens compared with that in pistils and stamens. Heterologous expression of the TaEPFL1 gene in Arabidopsis caused shortened filaments and pedicels and might reduce the level of AtACO2 gene expression. These results suggest that TaEPFL1 plays an important role in the development of stamen and that overexpression of TaEPFL1 results in abnormal stamens. We deduced that the overexpression of the TaEPFL1 gene may contribute to the homeotic transformation of stamens into pistils or pistil-like structures in wheat. These data offer insights into the molecular mechanism of pistillody mutation in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Qu
- School of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuhong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengsong Peng
- School of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhou K. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins in Arabidopsis and One of Their Common Roles in Signaling Transduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31555307 PMCID: PMC6726743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diverse proteins are found modified with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) at their carboxyl terminus in eukaryotes, which allows them to associate with membrane lipid bilayers and anchor on the external surface of the plasma membrane. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play crucial roles in various processes, and more and more GPI-APs have been identified and studied. In this review, previous genomic and proteomic predictions of GPI-APs in Arabidopsis have been updated, which reveal their high abundance and complexity. From studies of individual GPI-APs in Arabidopsis, certain GPI-APs have been found associated with partner receptor-like kinases (RLKs), targeting RLKs to their subcellular localization and helping to recognize extracellular signaling polypeptide ligands. Interestingly, the association might also be involved in ligand selection. The analyses suggest that GPI-APs are essential and widely involved in signal transduction through association with RLKs.
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28
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Abstract
Stomata are pores on plant epidermis that facilitate gas exchange and water evaporation between plants and the environment. Given the central role of stomata in photosynthesis and water-use efficiency, two vital events for plant growth, stomatal development is tightly controlled by a diverse range of signals. A family of peptide hormones regulates stomatal patterning and differentiation. In addition, plant hormones as well as numerous environmental cues influence the decision of whether to make stomata or not in distinct and complex manners. In this review, we summarize recent findings that reveal the mechanism of these three groups of signals in controlling stomatal formation, and discuss how these signals are integrated into the core stomatal development pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Qi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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29
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Molecular control of stomatal development. Biochem J 2018; 475:441-454. [PMID: 29386377 PMCID: PMC5791161 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved developmental plasticity which allows the up- or down-regulation of photosynthetic and water loss capacities as new leaves emerge. This developmental plasticity enables plants to maximise fitness and to survive under differing environments. Stomata play a pivotal role in this adaptive process. These microscopic pores in the epidermis of leaves control gas exchange between the plant and its surrounding environment. Stomatal development involves regulated cell fate decisions that ensure optimal stomatal density and spacing, enabling efficient gas exchange. The cellular patterning process is regulated by a complex signalling pathway involving extracellular ligand–receptor interactions, which, in turn, modulate the activity of three master transcription factors essential for the formation of stomata. Here, we review the current understanding of the biochemical interactions between the epidermal patterning factor ligands and the ERECTA family of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases. We discuss how this leads to activation of a kinase cascade, regulation of the bHLH transcription factor SPEECHLESS and its relatives, and ultimately alters stomatal production.
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30
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Liu X, Zhang H, Jiao H, Li L, Qiao X, Fabrice MR, Wu J, Zhang S. Expansion and evolutionary patterns of cysteine-rich peptides in plants. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:610. [PMID: 28806914 PMCID: PMC5557327 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) are gaining recognition as regulators of cell-cell communication in plants. RESULTS We identified 9556 CRPs in 12 plant species and analysed their evolutionary patterns. In most angiosperm plants, whole genome duplication and segmental duplication are the major factors driving the expansion of CRP family member genes, especially signal peptides. About 30% of the CRP genes were found clustered on the chromosomes, except in maize (Zea mays). Considerable collinearities between CRP genes between or within species reveal several syntenic regions on the chromosomes. Different subfamilies display diverse evolutionary rates, suggesting that these subfamilies are subjected to different selective pressures. CRPs in different duplication models also show contrasting evolutionary rates, although the underlying mechanism is unclear because of the complexity of gene evolution. The 1281 positively selected genes identified are probably generated within a certain period of time. While most of these belonged to maize and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), new CRP functions would also be expected. Up-regulation of 10 CRPs was observed in self-pollinated pear pistils and pollen tubes under self S-RNase treatments in vitro. The expression divergence between different CRP gene duplication types suggests that different duplication mechanisms affected the fate of the duplicated CRPs. CONCLUSION Our analyses of the evolution of the CRP gene family provides a unique view of the evolution of this large gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huping Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huijun Jiao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Leiting Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Musana Rwalinda Fabrice
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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31
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Lin G, Zhang L, Han Z, Yang X, Liu W, Li E, Chang J, Qi Y, Shpak ED, Chai J. A receptor-like protein acts as a specificity switch for the regulation of stomatal development. Genes Dev 2017; 31:927-938. [PMID: 28536146 PMCID: PMC5458759 DOI: 10.1101/gad.297580.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stomata are microscopic openings that allow for the exchange of gases between plants and the environment. In Arabidopsis, stomatal patterning is specified by the ERECTA family (ERf) receptor kinases (RKs), the receptor-like protein (RLP) TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM), and EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) peptides. Here we show that TMM and ER or ER-LIKE1 (ERL1) form constitutive complexes, which recognize EPF1 and EPF2, but the single ERfs do not. TMM interaction with ERL1 creates a binding pocket for recognition of EPF1 and EPF2, indicating that the constitutive TMM-ERf complexes function as the receptors of EPF1 and EPF2. EPFL9 competes with EPF1 and EPF2 for binding to the ERf-TMM complex. EPFL4 and EPFL6, however, are recognized by the single ERfs without the requirement of TMM. In contrast to EPF1,2, the interaction of EPFL4,6 with an ERf is greatly reduced in the presence of TMM. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TMM dictates the specificity of ERfs for the perception of different EPFs, thus functioning as a specificity switch for the regulation of the activities of ERfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhong Lin
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Zhifu Han
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinru Yang
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weijia Liu
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ertong Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Elena D Shpak
- Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Jijie Chai
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Koeln, Germany
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32
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Qi X, Han SK, Dang JH, Garrick JM, Ito M, Hofstetter AK, Torii KU. Autocrine regulation of stomatal differentiation potential by EPF1 and ERECTA-LIKE1 ligand-receptor signaling. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28266915 PMCID: PMC5358980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of stomata, valves on the plant epidermis for optimal gas exchange and water control, is fine-tuned by multiple signaling peptides with unique, overlapping, or antagonistic activities. EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR1 (EPF1) is a founding member of the secreted peptide ligands enforcing stomatal patterning. Yet, its exact role remains unclear. Here, we report that EPF1 and its primary receptor ERECTA-LIKE1 (ERL1) target MUTE, a transcription factor specifying the proliferation-to-differentiation switch within the stomatal cell lineages. In turn, MUTE directly induces ERL1. The absolute co-expression of ERL1 and MUTE, with the co-presence of EPF1, triggers autocrine inhibition of stomatal fate. During normal stomatal development, this autocrine inhibition prevents extra symmetric divisions of stomatal precursors likely owing to excessive MUTE activity. Our study reveals the unexpected role of self-inhibition as a mechanism for ensuring proper stomatal development and suggests an intricate signal buffering mechanism underlying plant tissue patterning. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24102.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Qi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Soon-Ki Han
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jonathan H Dang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Garrick
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Masaki Ito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences/Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alex K Hofstetter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences/Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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33
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Abstract
Receptor kinases play a central role in various biological processes, but due to their low abundance and highly hydrophobic and dynamic nature, only a few of them have been functionally characterized, and their partners and ligands remain unidentified. Receptor protein extraction and purification from plant tissues is one of the most challenging steps for the success of various biochemical analyses to characterize their function. Immunoprecipitation is a widely used and selective method for enriching or purifying a specific protein. Here we describe two different optimized protein purification protocols, batch and on-chip immunoprecipitation, which efficiently isolate plant membrane receptor kinases for functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Lee
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC, Canada, H4B 1R6.
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34
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Zhang Y, Guo X, Dong J. Phosphorylation of the Polarity Protein BASL Differentiates Asymmetric Cell Fate through MAPKs and SPCH. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2957-2965. [PMID: 27746029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarization is commonly used for the regulation of stem cell asymmetric division in both animals and plants. Stomatal development in Arabidopsis, a process that produces breathing pores in the epidermis, requires asymmetric cell division to differentiate highly specialized guard cells while maintaining a stem cell population [1, 2]. The BREAKING OF ASYMMETRY IN THE STOMATAL LINEAGE (BASL) protein exhibits a polarized localization pattern in the cell and is required for differential cell fates resulting from asymmetric cell division [3]. The polarization of BASL is made possible by a positive feedback loop with a canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that recruits the MAPKK kinase YODA (YDA) and MAPK 6 (MPK6) to the cortical polarity site [4]. Here, we study BASL intracellular dynamics and show that the membrane-associated BASL is slowly replenished at the cortical polarity site and that the mobility is tightly linked to its phosphorylation status. Because BASL polarity is only exhibited by one daughter cell after an asymmetric cell division, we study how BASL differentially functions in the two daughter cells. The YDA MAPK cascade transduces upstream ligand-receptor signaling [5-13] to the transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH), which controls stomatal initiation and is directly suppressed by MPK3/6-mediated phosphorylation [14, 15]. We show that BASL polarization leads to elevated nuclear MPK6 signaling and lowered SPCH abundance in one of the two daughter cells. Therefore, two daughter cells are differentiated by BASL polarity-mediated differential suppression of SPCH, which may provide developmental plasticity in plant stem cell asymmetric cell division (ACD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA.
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35
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Caine RS, Chater CC, Kamisugi Y, Cuming AC, Beerling DJ, Gray JE, Fleming AJ. An ancestral stomatal patterning module revealed in the non-vascular land plant Physcomitrella patens. Development 2016; 143:3306-14. [PMID: 27407102 PMCID: PMC5047656 DOI: 10.1242/dev.135038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The patterning of stomata plays a vital role in plant development and has emerged as a paradigm for the role of peptide signals in the spatial control of cellular differentiation. Research in Arabidopsis has identified a series of epidermal patterning factors (EPFs), which interact with an array of membrane-localised receptors and associated proteins (encoded by ERECTA and TMM genes) to control stomatal density and distribution. However, although it is well-established that stomata arose very early in the evolution of land plants, until now it has been unclear whether the established angiosperm stomatal patterning system represented by the EPF/TMM/ERECTA module reflects a conserved, universal mechanism in the plant kingdom. Here, we use molecular genetics to show that the moss Physcomitrella patens has conserved homologues of angiosperm EPF, TMM and at least one ERECTA gene that function together to permit the correct patterning of stomata and that, moreover, elements of the module retain function when transferred to Arabidopsis Our data characterise the stomatal patterning system in an evolutionarily distinct branch of plants and support the hypothesis that the EPF/TMM/ERECTA module represents an ancient patterning system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Caine
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Caspar C Chater
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Yasuko Kamisugi
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew C Cuming
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beerling
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Julie E Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew J Fleming
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Castorina G, Fox S, Tonelli C, Galbiati M, Conti L. A novel role for STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 in stomata patterning. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:172. [PMID: 27484174 PMCID: PMC4970199 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guard cells (GCs) are specialised cells within the plant epidermis which form stomatal pores, through which gas exchange can occur. The GCs derive through a specialised lineage of cell divisions which is specified by the transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH), the expression of which can be detected in undifferentiated epidermal cells prior to asymmetric division. Other transcription factors may act before GC specification and be required for correct GC patterning. Previously, the DOF transcription factor STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 (SCAP1) was shown to be involved in GC function, by activating a set of GC-specific genes required for GC maturation and activity. It is thus far unknown whether SCAP1 can also affect stomatal development. RESULTS Here we show that SCAP1 expression can also be observed in young leaf primordia, before any GC differentiation occurs. The study of transgenic plants carrying a proSCAP1:GUS-GFP transcriptional fusion, coupled with qPCR analyses, indicate that SCAP1 expression peaks in a temporal window which is coincident with expression of stomatal patterning genes. Independent scap1 loss-of-function mutants have a reduced number of GCs whilst SCAP1 over expression lines have an increased number of GCs, in addition to altered GC distribution and spacing patterns. The study of early markers for stomatal cell lineage in a background carrying gain-of-function alleles of SCAP1 revealed that, compared to the wild type, an increased number of protodermal cells are recruited in the GC lineage, which is reflected in an increased number of meristemoids. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an early role for SCAP1 in GC differentiation. We propose that a function of SCAP1 is to integrate different aspects of GC biology including specification, spacing, maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Castorina
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Fox
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Conti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Ho CM, Paciorek T, Abrash E, Bergmann D. Modulators of Stomatal Lineage Signal Transduction Alter Membrane Contact Sites and Reveal Specialization among ERECTA Kinases. Dev Cell 2016; 38:345-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bircheneder S, Dresselhaus T. Why cellular communication during plant reproduction is particularly mediated by CRP signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4849-61. [PMID: 27382112 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Secreted cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) represent one of the main classes of signalling peptides in plants. Whereas post-translationally modified small non-CRP peptides (psNCRPs) are mostly involved in signalling events during vegetative development and interactions with the environment, CRPs are overrepresented in reproductive processes including pollen germination and growth, self-incompatibility, gamete activation and fusion as well as seed development. In this opinion paper we compare the involvement of both types of peptides in vegetative and reproductive phases of the plant lifecycle. Besides their conserved cysteine pattern defining structural features, CRPs exhibit hypervariable primary sequences and a rapid evolution rate. As a result, CRPs represent a pool of highly polymorphic signalling peptides involved in species-specific functions during reproduction and thus likely represent key players to trigger speciation in plants by supporting reproductive isolation. In contrast, precursers of psNCRPs are proteolytically processed into small functional domains with high sequence conservation and act in more general processes. We discuss parallels in downstream processes of CRP signalling in both reproduction and defence against pathogenic fungi and alien pollen tubes, with special emphasis on the role of ROS and ion channels. In conclusion we suggest that CRP signalling during reproduction in plants has evolved from ancient defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bircheneder
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Shao W, Dong J. Polarity in plant asymmetric cell division: Division orientation and cell fate differentiation. Dev Biol 2016; 419:121-131. [PMID: 27475487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is universally required for the development of multicellular organisms. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a rigid cellulosic extracellular matrix, the cell wall, which provides physical support and forms communication routes. This fundamental difference leads to some unique mechanisms in plants for generating asymmetries during cell division. However, plants also utilize intrinsically polarized proteins to regulate asymmetric signaling and cell division, a strategy similar to the differentiation mechanism found in animals. Current progress suggests that common regulatory modes, i.e. protein spontaneous clustering and cytoskeleton reorganization, underlie protein polarization in both animal and plant cells. Despite these commonalities, it is important to note that intrinsic mechanisms in plants are heavily influenced by extrinsic cues. To control physical asymmetry in cell division, although our understanding is fragmentary thus far, plants might have evolved novel polarization strategies to orientate cell division plane. Recent studies also suggest that the phytohormone auxin, one of the most pivotal small molecules in plant development, regulates ACD in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Shao
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08901, USA; Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08854, USA.
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de Marcos A, Triviño M, Fenoll C, Mena M. Too many faces for TOO MANY MOUTHS? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:779-785. [PMID: 26742543 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto de Marcos
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Magdalena Triviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carmen Fenoll
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Montaña Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
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Chen L, Guan L, Qian P, Xu F, Wu Z, Wu Y, He K, Gou X, Li J, Hou S. NRPB3, the third largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, is essential for stomatal patterning and differentiation in Arabidopsis. Development 2016; 143:1600-11. [PMID: 26989174 PMCID: PMC4909857 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stomata are highly specialized epidermal structures that control transpiration and gas exchange between plants and the environment. Signal networks underlying stomatal development have been previously uncovered but much less is known about how signals involved in stomatal development are transmitted to RNA polymerase II (Pol II or RPB), which plays a central role in the transcription of mRNA coding genes. Here, we identify a partial loss-of-function mutation of the third largest subunit of nuclear DNA-dependent Pol II (NRPB3) that exhibits an increased number of stomatal lineage cells and paired stomata. Phenotypic and genetic analyses indicated that NRPB3 is not only required for correct stomatal patterning, but is also essential for stomatal differentiation. Protein-protein interaction assays showed that NRPB3 directly interacts with two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, FAMA and INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 (ICE1), indicating that NRPB3 serves as an acceptor for signals from transcription factors involved in stomatal development. Our findings highlight the surprisingly conserved activating mechanisms mediated by the third largest subunit of Pol II in eukaryotes. Summary: RNA polymerase II subunit NRPB3 interacts with stomatal bHLH transcription factors FAMA and ICE1, connecting the stomatal development pathway to the general transcription machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Guan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Hronková M, Wiesnerová D, Šimková M, Skůpa P, Dewitte W, Vráblová M, Zažímalová E, Šantrůček J. Light-induced STOMAGEN-mediated stomatal development in Arabidopsis leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4621-30. [PMID: 26002974 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of stomata, microscopic valves in the epidermis of higher plants that control of gas exchange, requires a co-ordinated sequence of asymmetric and symmetric divisions, which is under tight environmental and developmental control. Arabidopsis leaves grown under elevated photosynthetic photon flux density have a higher density of stomata. STOMAGEN encodes an epidermal patterning factor produced in the mesophyll, and our observations indicated that elevated photosynthetic irradiation stimulates STOMAGEN expression. Our analysis of gain and loss of function of STOMAGEN further detailed its function as a positive regulator of stomatal formation on both sides of the leaf, not only in terms of stomatal density across the leaf surface but also in terms of their stomatal index. STOMAGEN function was rate limiting for the light response of the stomatal lineage in the adaxial epidermis. Mutants in pathways that regulate stomatal spacing in the epidermis and have elevated stomatal density, such as stomatal density and distribution (sdd1) and too many mouth alleles, displayed elevated STOMAGEN expression, suggesting that STOMAGEN is either under the direct control of these pathways or is indirectly affected by stomatal patterning, suggestive of a feedback mechanism. These observations support a model in which changes in levels of light irradiation are perceived in the mesophyll and control the production of stomata in the epidermis by mesophyll-produced STOMAGEN, and whereby, conversely, stomatal patterning, either directly or indirectly, influences STOMAGEN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hronková
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, The Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Wiesnerová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, The Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šimková
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, The Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skůpa
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Dewitte
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Martina Vráblová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Zažímalová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, The Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šantrůček
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, The Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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43
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Danzer J, Mellott E, Bui AQ, Le BH, Martin P, Hashimoto M, Perez-Lesher J, Chen M, Pelletier JM, Somers DA, Goldberg RB, Harada JJ. Down-Regulating the Expression of 53 Soybean Transcription Factor Genes Uncovers a Role for SPEECHLESS in Initiating Stomatal Cell Lineages during Embryo Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1025-35. [PMID: 25963149 PMCID: PMC4741349 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We used an RNA interference screen to assay the function of 53 transcription factor messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that accumulate specifically within soybean (Glycine max) seed regions, subregions, and tissues during development. We show that basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor genes represented by Glyma04g41710 and its paralogs are required for the formation of stoma in leaves and stomatal precursor complexes in mature embryo cotyledons. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these bHLH transcription factor genes are orthologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SPEECHLESS (SPCH) that initiate asymmetric cell divisions in the leaf protoderm layer and establish stomatal cell lineages. Soybean SPCH (GmSPCH) mRNAs accumulate primarily in embryo, seedling, and leaf epidermal layers. Expression of Glyma04g41710 under the control of the SPCH promoter rescues the Arabidopsis spch mutant, indicating that Glyma04g41710 is a functional ortholog of SPCH. Developing soybean embryos do not form mature stoma, and stomatal differentiation is arrested at the guard mother cell stage. We analyzed the accumulation of GmSPCH mRNAs during soybean seed development and mRNAs orthologous to MUTE, FAMA, and inducer of C-repeat/dehydration responsive element-binding factor expression1/scream2 that are required for stoma formation in Arabidopsis. The mRNA accumulation patterns provide a potential explanation for guard mother cell dormancy in soybean embryos. Our results suggest that variation in the timing of bHLH transcription factor gene expression can explain the diversity of stomatal forms observed during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Danzer
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - Eric Mellott
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - Anhthu Q Bui
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - Brandon H Le
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - Patrick Martin
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - Meryl Hashimoto
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - Jeanett Perez-Lesher
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - Min Chen
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - Julie M Pelletier
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - David A Somers
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - Robert B Goldberg
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
| | - John J Harada
- Monsanto Company, Agracetus Campus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 (J.D., E.M., P.M., J.P.-L., D.A.S);Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (A.Q.B., B.H.L., M.C., R.B.G.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (M.H., J.M.P., J.J.H.)
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Lee JS, Hnilova M, Maes M, Lin YCL, Putarjunan A, Han SK, Avila J, Torii KU. Competitive binding of antagonistic peptides fine-tunes stomatal patterning. Nature 2015; 522:439-43. [PMID: 26083750 PMCID: PMC4532310 DOI: 10.1038/nature14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During development, cells interpret complex and often conflicting signals to make optimal decisions. Plant stomata, the cellular interface between a plant and the atmosphere, develop according to positional cues, which include a family of secreted peptides called epidermal patterning factors (EPFs). How these signalling peptides orchestrate pattern formation at a molecular level remains unclear. Here we report in Arabidopsis that Stomagen (also called EPF-LIKE9) peptide, which promotes stomatal development, requires ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinases and interferes with the inhibition of stomatal development by the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 (EPF2)-ER module. Both EPF2 and Stomagen directly bind to ER and its co-receptor TOO MANY MOUTHS. Stomagen peptide competitively replaced EPF2 binding to ER. Furthermore, application of EPF2, but not Stomagen, elicited rapid phosphorylation of downstream signalling components in vivo. Our findings demonstrate how a plant receptor agonist and antagonist define inhibitory and inductive cues to fine-tune tissue patterning on the plant epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Lee
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Marketa Hnilova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Michal Maes
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ya-Chen Lisa Lin
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Aarthi Putarjunan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Soon-Ki Han
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Julian Avila
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Tameshige T, Hirakawa Y, Torii KU, Uchida N. Cell walls as a stage for intercellular communication regulating shoot meristem development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:324. [PMID: 26029226 PMCID: PMC4426712 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aboveground organs of plants are ultimately derived/generated from the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which is a proliferative tissue located at the apex of the stem. The SAM contains a population of stem cells that provide new cells for organ/tissue formation. The SAM is composed of distinct cell layers and zones with different properties. Primordia of lateral organs develop at the periphery of the SAM. The shoot apex is a dynamic and complex tissue, and as such intercellular communications among cells, layers and zones play significant roles in the coordination of cell proliferation, growth and differentiation to achieve elaborate morphogenesis. Recent findings have highlighted the importance of a number of signaling molecules acting in the cell wall space for the intercellular communication, including classic phytohormones and secretory peptides. Moreover, accumulating evidence has revealed that cell wall properties and their modifying enzymes modulate hormone actions. In this review, we outline how behaviors of signaling molecules and changes of cell wall properties are integrated for the shoot meristem regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tameshige
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirakawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko U. Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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46
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Zhang Y, Wang P, Shao W, Zhu JK, Dong J. The BASL polarity protein controls a MAPK signaling feedback loop in asymmetric cell division. Dev Cell 2015; 33:136-49. [PMID: 25843888 PMCID: PMC4406870 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarization is linked to fate determination during asymmetric division of plant stem cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In Arabidopsis, BREAKING OF ASYMMETRY IN THE STOMATAL LINEAGE (BASL) is polarized to control stomatal asymmetric division. A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade determines terminal stomatal fate by promoting the degradation of the lineage determinant SPEECHLESS (SPCH). Here, we demonstrate that a positive-feedback loop between BASL and the MAPK pathway constitutes a polarity module at the cortex. Cortical localization of BASL requires phosphorylation mediated by MPK3/6. Phosphorylated BASL functions as a scaffold and recruits the MAPKKK YODA and MPK3/6 to spatially concentrate signaling at the cortex. Activated MPK3/6 reinforces the feedback loop by phosphorylating BASL and inhibits stomatal fate by phosphorylating SPCH. Polarization of the BASL-MAPK signaling feedback module represents a mechanism connecting cell polarity to fate differentiation during asymmetric stem cell division in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wanchen Shao
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juan Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA.
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Wang M, Yang K, Le J. Organ-specific effects of brassinosteroids on stomatal production coordinate with the action of Too Many Mouths. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:247-255. [PMID: 25234048 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, stomatal development initiates after protodermal cells acquire stomatal lineage cell fate. Stomata or their precursors communicate with their neighbor epidermal cells to ensure the "one cell spacing" rule. The signals from EPF/EPFL peptide ligands received by Too Many Mouths (TMM) and ERECTA-family receptors are supposed to be transduced by YODA MAPK cascade. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH) is another key regulator of stomatal cell fate determination and asymmetric entry divisions, and SPCH activity is regulated by YODA MAPK cascade. Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, one of the most well characterized signal transduction pathways in plants, contributes to the control of stomatal production. But opposite organ-specific effects of BR on stomatal production were reported. Here we confirm that stomatal production in hypocotyls is controlled by BR levels. YODA and CYCD4 are not essential for BR stomata-promoting function. Furthermore, we found that BR could confer tmm hypocotyls clustered stomatal phenotype, indicating that the BR organ-specific effects on stomatal production might coordinate with the TMM organ-specific actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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48
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Khazaei H, O'Sullivan DM, Sillanpää MJ, Stoddard FL. Use of synteny to identify candidate genes underlying QTL controlling stomatal traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:2371-85. [PMID: 25186169 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We have identified QTLs for stomatal characteristics on chromosome II of faba bean by applying SNPs derived from M. truncatula , and have identified candidate genes within these QTLs using synteny between the two species. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a valuable food and feed crop worldwide, but drought often limits its production, and its genome is large and poorly mapped. No information is available on the effects of genomic regions and genes on drought adaptation characters such as stomatal characteristics in this species, but the synteny between the sequenced model legume, Medicago truncatula, and faba bean can be used to identify candidate genes. A mapping population of 211 F5 recombinant inbred lines (Mélodie/2 × ILB 938/2) were phenotyped to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting stomatal morphology and function, along with seed weight, under well-watered conditions in a climate-controlled glasshouse in 2013 and 2014. Canopy temperature (CT) was evaluated in 2013 under water-deficit (CTd). In total, 188 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), developed from M. truncatula genome data, were assigned to nine linkage groups that covered ~928 cM of the faba bean genome with an average inter-marker distance of 5.8 cM. 15 putative QTLs were detected, of which eight (affecting stomatal density, length and conductance and CT) co-located on chromosome II, in the vicinity of a possible candidate gene-a receptor-like protein kinase found in the syntenic interval of M. truncatula chromosome IV. A ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase from M. truncatula chromosome V, postulated as a possible candidate gene for the QTL for CTd, was found some distance away in the same chromosome. These results demonstrate that genomic information from M. truncatula can successfully be translated to the faba bean genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Khazaei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P O Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 5), 00014, Helsinki, Finland,
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49
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Engineer CB, Ghassemian M, Anderson JC, Peck SC, Hu H, Schroeder JI. Carbonic anhydrases, EPF2 and a novel protease mediate CO2 control of stomatal development. Nature 2014; 513:246-50. [PMID: 25043023 PMCID: PMC4274335 DOI: 10.1038/nature13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stimuli, including elevated carbon dioxide levels, regulate stomatal development; however, the key mechanisms mediating the perception and relay of the CO2 signal to the stomatal development machinery remain elusive. To adapt CO2 intake to water loss, plants regulate the development of stomatal gas exchange pores in the aerial epidermis. A diverse range of plant species show a decrease in stomatal density in response to the continuing rise in atmospheric CO2 (ref. 4). To date, one mutant that exhibits deregulation of this CO2-controlled stomatal development response, hic (which is defective in cell-wall wax biosynthesis, ref. 5), has been identified. Here we show that recently isolated Arabidopsis thaliana β-carbonic anhydrase double mutants (ca1 ca4) exhibit an inversion in their response to elevated CO2, showing increased stomatal development at elevated CO2 levels. We characterized the mechanisms mediating this response and identified an extracellular signalling pathway involved in the regulation of CO2-controlled stomatal development by carbonic anhydrases. RNA-seq analyses of transcripts show that the extracellular pro-peptide-encoding gene EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 (EPF2), but not EPF1 (ref. 9), is induced in wild-type leaves but not in ca1 ca4 mutant leaves at elevated CO2 levels. Moreover, EPF2 is essential for CO2 control of stomatal development. Using cell-wall proteomic analyses and CO2-dependent transcriptomic analyses, we identified a novel CO2-induced extracellular protease, CRSP (CO2 RESPONSE SECRETED PROTEASE), as a mediator of CO2-controlled stomatal development. Our results identify mechanisms and genes that function in the repression of stomatal development in leaves during atmospheric CO2 elevation, including the carbonic-anhydrase-encoding genes CA1 and CA4 and the secreted protease CRSP, which cleaves the pro-peptide EPF2, in turn repressing stomatal development. Elucidation of these mechanisms advances the understanding of how plants perceive and relay the elevated CO2 signal and provides a framework to guide future research into how environmental challenges can modulate gas exchange in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cawas B Engineer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Scott C Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Honghong Hu
- 1] Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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50
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Lau OS, Davies KA, Chang J, Adrian J, Rowe MH, Ballenger CE, Bergmann DC. Direct roles of SPEECHLESS in the specification of stomatal self-renewing cells. Science 2014; 345:1605-9. [PMID: 25190717 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lineage-specific stem cells are critical for the production and maintenance of specific cell types and tissues in multicellular organisms. In Arabidopsis, the initiation and proliferation of stomatal lineage cells is controlled by the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH). SPCH-driven asymmetric and self-renewing divisions allow flexibility in stomatal production and overall organ growth. How SPCH directs stomatal lineage cell behaviors, however, is unclear. Here, we improved the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and profiled the genome-wide targets of Arabidopsis SPCH in vivo. We found that SPCH controls key regulators of cell fate and asymmetric cell divisions and modulates responsiveness to peptide and phytohormone-mediated intercellular communication. Our results delineate the molecular pathways that regulate an essential adult stem cell lineage in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- On Sun Lau
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kelli A Davies
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica Chang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessika Adrian
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew H Rowe
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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