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Deconte D, Diniz BL, Hartmann JK, de Souza MA, Zottis LFF, Zen PRG, Rosa RFM, Fiegenbaum M. Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of Pathogenic KIAA0586 Variants: From Joubert Syndrome to Hydrolethalus Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7900. [PMID: 39063141 PMCID: PMC11277298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
KIAA0586 variants have been associated with a wide range of ciliopathies, mainly Joubert syndrome (JS, OMIM #616490) and short-rib thoracic dysplasia syndrome (SRTD, OMIM #616546). However, the hypothesis that this gene is involved with hydrolethalus syndrome (HSL, OMIM #614120) and orofaciodigital syndrome IV (OMIM #258860) has already been raised. Ciliopathies' clinical features are often overlapped despite differing in phenotype severity. Besides KIAA0586, HYLS1 and KIF7 are also known for being causative of ciliopathies, indicating that all three genes may have similar or converging genomic pathways. Overall, the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of ciliopathies becomes wider and conflicting while more and more new variants are added to this group of disorders' molecular pot. In this case report we discuss the first Brazilian individual clinically diagnosed with hydrolethalus syndrome and molecular findings that demonstrate the role of KIAA0586 as a causative gene of a group of genetic disorders. Also, recent reports on individuals with intronic and exonic variants combined leading to ciliopathies support our patient's molecular diagnosis. At the same time, we discuss variable expressivity and overlapping features in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Deconte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (D.D.); (B.L.D.)
| | - Bruna Lixinski Diniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (D.D.); (B.L.D.)
| | - Jéssica K. Hartmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (J.K.H.); (M.A.d.S.); (L.F.F.Z.)
| | - Mateus A. de Souza
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (J.K.H.); (M.A.d.S.); (L.F.F.Z.)
| | - Laira F. F. Zottis
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (J.K.H.); (M.A.d.S.); (L.F.F.Z.)
| | - Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (P.R.G.Z.)
| | - Rafael F. M. Rosa
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; (P.R.G.Z.)
| | - Marilu Fiegenbaum
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
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2
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Long X, Chen L, Xiao X, Min X, Wu Y, Yang Z, Wen X. Structure, function, and research progress of primary cilia in reproductive physiology and reproductive diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1418928. [PMID: 38887518 PMCID: PMC11180893 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1418928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia, serving as the central hub for cellular signal transduction, possess the remarkable ability to translate diverse extracellular signals, both chemical and mechanical, into intracellular responses. Their ubiquitous presence in the reproductive system underscores their pivotal roles in various cellular processes including development, differentiation, and migration. Emerging evidence suggests primary cilia as key players in reproductive physiology and associated pathologies. Notably, primary cilia have been identified in granulosa cells within mouse ovaries and uterine stromal cells, and perturbations in their structure and function have been implicated in a spectrum of reproductive dysfunctions and ciliary-related diseases. Furthermore, disruptions in primary cilia-mediated signal transduction pathways under pathological conditions exacerbate the onset and progression of reproductive disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research progress on primary cilia and their associated signaling pathways in reproductive physiology and diseases, with the aim of furnishing theoretical groundwork for the prevention and management of primary cilia-related structural and functional abnormalities contributing to reproductive system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Long
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in the plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in the plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinyao Xiao
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in the plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiayu Min
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in the plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in the plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Zengming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in the plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
- Basic Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in the plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
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Platova S, Poliushkevich L, Kulakova M, Nesterenko M, Starunov V, Novikova E. Gotta Go Slow: Two Evolutionarily Distinct Annelids Retain a Common Hedgehog Pathway Composition, Outlining Its Pan-Bilaterian Core. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214312. [PMID: 36430788 PMCID: PMC9695228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling is one of the key regulators of morphogenesis, cell differentiation, and regeneration. While the Hh pathway is present in all bilaterians, it has mainly been studied in model animals such as Drosophila and vertebrates. Despite the conservatism of its core components, mechanisms of signal transduction and additional components vary in Ecdysozoa and Deuterostomia. Vertebrates have multiple copies of the pathway members, which complicates signaling implementation, whereas model ecdysozoans appear to have lost some components due to fast evolution rates. To shed light on the ancestral state of Hh signaling, models from the third clade, Spiralia, are needed. In our research, we analyzed the transcriptomes of two spiralian animals, errantial annelid Platynereis dumerilii (Nereididae) and sedentarian annelid Pygospio elegans (Spionidae). We found that both annelids express almost all Hh pathway components present in Drosophila and mouse. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the core pathway components and built multiple sequence alignments of the additional key members. Our results imply that the Hh pathway compositions of both annelids share more similarities with vertebrates than with the fruit fly. Possessing an almost complete set of single-copy Hh pathway members, lophotrochozoan signaling composition may reflect the ancestral features of all three bilaterian branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Platova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Zoological Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | - Milana Kulakova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Zoological Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (E.N.)
| | | | - Viktor Starunov
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Zoological Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Elena Novikova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Zoological Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (E.N.)
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Eisa-Beygi S, Burrows PE, Link BA. Endothelial cilia dysfunction in pathogenesis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1037453. [PMID: 36438574 PMCID: PMC9686338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1037453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is associated with defective capillary network, leading to dilated superficial vessels and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in which arteries connect directly to the veins. Loss or haploinsufficiency of components of TGF-β signaling, ALK1, ENG, SMAD4, and BMP9, have been implicated in the pathogenesis AVMs. Emerging evidence suggests that the inability of endothelial cells to detect, transduce and respond to blood flow, during early development, is an underpinning of AVM pathogenesis. Therefore, components of endothelial flow detection may be instrumental in potentiating TGF-β signaling in perfused blood vessels. Here, we argue that endothelial cilium, a microtubule-based and flow-sensitive organelle, serves as a signaling hub by coupling early flow detection with potentiation of the canonical TGF-β signaling in nascent endothelial cells. Emerging evidence from animal models suggest a role for primary cilia in mediating vascular development. We reason, on recent observations, that endothelial cilia are crucial for vascular development and that embryonic loss of endothelial cilia will curtail TGF-β signaling, leading to associated defects in arteriovenous development and impaired vascular stability. Loss or dysfunction of endothelial primary cilia may be implicated in the genesis of AVMs due, in part, to inhibition of ALK1/SMAD4 signaling. We speculate that AVMs constitute part of the increasing spectrum of ciliopathy-associated vascular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Patricia E. Burrows
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian A. Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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5
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Wang S, Tanaka Y, Xu Y, Takeda S, Hirokawa N. KIF3B promotes a PI3K signaling gradient causing changes in a Shh protein gradient and suppressing polydactyly in mice. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2273-2289.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Rusterholz TDS, Hofmann C, Bachmann-Gagescu R. Insights Gained From Zebrafish Models for the Ciliopathy Joubert Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:939527. [PMID: 35846153 PMCID: PMC9280682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.939527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are quasi-ubiquitous microtubule-based sensory organelles, which play vital roles in signal transduction during development and cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of cilia leads to a group of Mendelian disorders called ciliopathies, divided into different diagnoses according to clinical phenotype constellation and genetic causes. Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a prototypical ciliopathy defined by a diagnostic cerebellar and brain stem malformation termed the “Molar Tooth Sign” (MTS), in addition to which patients display variable combinations of typical ciliopathy phenotypes such as retinal dystrophy, fibrocystic renal disease, polydactyly or skeletal dystrophy. Like most ciliopathies, JBTS is genetically highly heterogeneous with ∼40 associated genes. Zebrafish are widely used to model ciliopathies given the high conservation of ciliary genes and the variety of specialized cilia types similar to humans. In this review, we compare different existing JBTS zebrafish models with each other and describe their contributions to our understanding of JBTS pathomechanism. We find that retinal dystrophy, which is the most investigated ciliopathy phenotype in zebrafish ciliopathy models, is caused by distinct mechanisms according to the affected gene. Beyond this, differences in phenotypes in other organs observed between different JBTS-mutant models suggest tissue-specific roles for proteins implicated in JBTS. Unfortunately, the lack of systematic assessment of ciliopathy phenotypes in the mutants described in the literature currently limits the conclusions that can be drawn from these comparisons. In the future, the numerous existing JBTS zebrafish models represent a valuable resource that can be leveraged in order to gain further insights into ciliary function, pathomechanisms underlying ciliopathy phenotypes and to develop treatment strategies using small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara D. S. Rusterholz
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu,
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7
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Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins constitute one family of a small number of secreted signaling proteins that together regulate multiple aspects of animal development, tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Originally uncovered through genetic analyses in Drosophila, their subsequent discovery in vertebrates has provided a paradigm for the role of morphogens in positional specification. Most strikingly, the Sonic hedgehog protein was shown to mediate the activity of two classic embryonic organizing centers in vertebrates and subsequent studies have implicated it and its paralogs in a myriad of processes. Moreover, dysfunction of the signaling pathway has been shown to underlie numerous human congenital abnormalities and diseases, especially certain types of cancer. This review focusses on the genetic studies that uncovered the key components of the Hh signaling system and the subsequent, biochemical, cell and structural biology analyses of their functions. These studies have revealed several novel processes and principles, shedding new light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cell-cell communication. Notable amongst these are the involvement of cholesterol both in modifying the Hh proteins and in activating its transduction pathway, the role of cytonemes, filipodia-like extensions, in conveying Hh signals between cells; and the central importance of the Primary Cilium as a cellular compartment within which the components of the signaling pathway are sequestered and interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip William Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Delalande JM, Nagy N, McCann CJ, Natarajan D, Cooper JE, Carreno G, Dora D, Campbell A, Laurent N, Kemos P, Thomas S, Alby C, Attié-Bitach T, Lyonnet S, Logan MP, Goldstein AM, Davey MG, Hofstra RMW, Thapar N, Burns AJ. TALPID3/KIAA0586 Regulates Multiple Aspects of Neuromuscular Patterning During Gastrointestinal Development in Animal Models and Human. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:757646. [PMID: 35002618 PMCID: PMC8733242 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.757646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TALPID3/KIAA0586 is an evolutionary conserved protein, which plays an essential role in protein trafficking. Its role during gastrointestinal (GI) and enteric nervous system (ENS) development has not been studied previously. Here, we analyzed chicken, mouse and human embryonic GI tissues with TALPID3 mutations. The GI tract of TALPID3 chicken embryos was shortened and malformed. Histologically, the gut smooth muscle was mispatterned and enteric neural crest cells were scattered throughout the gut wall. Analysis of the Hedgehog pathway and gut extracellular matrix provided causative reasons for these defects. Interestingly, chicken intra-species grafting experiments and a conditional knockout mouse model showed that ENS formation did not require TALPID3, but was dependent on correct environmental cues. Surprisingly, the lack of TALPID3 in enteric neural crest cells (ENCC) affected smooth muscle and epithelial development in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Analysis of human gut fetal tissues with a KIAA0586 mutation showed strikingly similar findings compared to the animal models demonstrating conservation of TALPID3 and its necessary role in human GI tract development and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marie Delalande
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nandor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Conor J McCann
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipa Natarajan
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E Cooper
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Program, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Carreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Program, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Dora
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alison Campbell
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Laurent
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Dijon, France
| | - Polychronis Kemos
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163 Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Alby
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163 Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163 Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Malcolm P Logan
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Megan G Davey
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alan J Burns
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Gastrointestinal Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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9
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Bashford AL, Subramanian V. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3245-3265. [PMID: 35470378 PMCID: PMC9523558 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Bashford
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Vasanta Subramanian
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1225386315; Fax: +44 1225386779;
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10
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The Shh/ Gli3 gene regulatory network precedes the origin of paired fins and reveals the deep homology between distal fins and digits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100575118. [PMID: 34750251 PMCID: PMC8673081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100575118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we show that the inactivation of the gli3 gene in medaka fish results in the formation of larger dorsal and paired fins. These mutant fins display multiple radial bones and fin rays which resemble polydactyly in Gli3-deficient mice. Our molecular and genetic analyses indicate that the size of fish fins is controlled by an ancient mechanism mediated by SHH-GLI signaling that appeared prior to the evolutionary appearance of paired fins. We also show that the key regulatory networks that mediate the expansion of digit progenitor cells in tetrapods were already in place in the fins of the last common ancestor between ray and lobe-finned fishes, suggesting an ancient similarity between distal fins and digits. One of the central problems of vertebrate evolution is understanding the relationship among the distal portions of fins and limbs. Lacking comparable morphological markers of these regions in fish and tetrapods, these relationships have remained uncertain for the past century and a half. Here we show that Gli3 functions in controlling the proliferative expansion of distal progenitors are shared among dorsal and paired fins as well as tetrapod limbs. Mutant knockout gli3 fins in medaka (Oryzias latipes) form multiple radials and rays, in a pattern reminiscent of the polydactyly observed in Gli3-null mutant mice. In limbs, Gli3 controls both anterior–posterior patterning and cell proliferation, two processes that can be genetically uncoupled. In situ hybridization, quantification of proliferation markers, and analysis of regulatory regions reveal that in paired and dorsal fins, gli3 plays a main role in controlling proliferation but not in patterning. Moreover, gli3 down-regulation in shh mutant fins rescues fin loss in a manner similar to how Gli3 deficiency restores digits in the limbs of Shh mutant mouse embryos. We hypothesize that the Gli3/Shh gene pathway preceded the origin of paired appendages and was originally involved in modulating cell proliferation. Accordingly, the distal regions of dorsal fins, paired fins, and limbs retain a deep regulatory and functional homology that predates the origin of paired appendages.
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11
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Chico TJA, Kugler EC. Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4377-4398. [PMID: 33688979 PMCID: PMC8164590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of the cerebral vasculature. In this review we summarise the experimental approaches used to study the cerebral vessels and the mechanisms that contribute to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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12
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Yang Y, Chen M, Li J, Hong R, Yang J, Yu F, Li T, Yang S, Ran J, Guo C, Zhao Y, Luan Y, Liu M, Li D, Xie S, Zhou J. A cilium-independent role for intraflagellar transport 88 in regulating angiogenesis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:727-739. [PMID: 36654447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cilia are microtubule-based hair-like protrusions in the lumen ofblood vessels that function as fluid mechanosensors to regulate vascular hemodynamics.However, the functions of endothelial cilia in vascular development remain controversial. In this study, depletion of several key proteins responsible for ciliogenesis allows us to identify a cilium-independent role for intraflagellartransport88 (IFT88) in mammalian angiogenesis. Disruption of primary cilia by heat shock does not affect the angiogenic process. However, depletion of IFT88 significantly inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. IFT88 mediates angiogenesis by regulating the migration, polarization, proliferation, and oriented division of vascular endothelial cells. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that IFT88 interacts with γ-tubulin and microtubule plus-end tracking proteins and promotes microtubule stability. Our findings indicate that IFT88 regulates angiogenesis through its actions in microtubule-based cellular processes, independent of its role in ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Renjie Hong
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Te Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Ran
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chunyue Guo
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Mutation in the Ciliary Protein C2CD3 Reveals Organ-Specific Mechanisms of Hedgehog Signal Transduction in Avian Embryos. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9020012. [PMID: 33805906 PMCID: PMC8103285 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are ubiquitous microtubule-based organelles that serve as signaling hubs for numerous developmental pathways, most notably the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Defects in the structure or function of primary cilia result in a class of diseases called ciliopathies. It is well known that primary cilia participate in transducing a Hh signal, and as such ciliopathies frequently present with phenotypes indicative of aberrant Hh function. Interestingly, the exact mechanisms of cilia-dependent Hh signaling transduction are unclear as some ciliopathic animal models simultaneously present with gain-of-Hh phenotypes in one organ system and loss-of-Hh phenotypes in another. To better understand how Hh signaling is perturbed across different tissues in ciliopathic conditions, we examined four distinct Hh-dependent signaling centers in the naturally occurring avian ciliopathic mutant talpid2 (ta2). In addition to the well-known and previously reported limb and craniofacial malformations, we observed dorsal-ventral patterning defects in the neural tube, and a shortened gastrointestinal tract. Molecular analyses for elements of the Hh pathway revealed that the loss of cilia impact transduction of an Hh signal in a tissue-specific manner at variable levels of the pathway. These studies will provide increased knowledge into how impaired ciliogenesis differentially regulates Hh signaling across tissues and will provide potential avenues for future targeted therapeutic treatments.
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Ma N, Zhou J. Functions of Endothelial Cilia in the Regulation of Vascular Barriers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:626. [PMID: 32733899 PMCID: PMC7363763 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular barrier between blood and tissues is a highly selective structure that is essential to maintain tissue homeostasis. Defects in the vascular barrier lead to a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The maintenance of vascular barriers is largely dependent on endothelial cells, but the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies reveal that primary cilia, microtubule-based structures that protrude from the surface of endothelial cells, play a critical role in the regulation of vascular barriers. Herein, we discuss recent advances on ciliary functions in the vascular barrier and suggest that ciliary signaling pathways might be targeted to modulate the vascular barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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15
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TALPID3 and ANKRD26 selectively orchestrate FBF1 localization and cilia gating. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2196. [PMID: 32366837 PMCID: PMC7198521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition fibers (TFs) regulate cilia gating and make the primary cilium a distinct functional entity. However, molecular insights into the biogenesis of a functional cilia gate remain elusive. In a forward genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans, we uncover that TALP-3, a homolog of the Joubert syndrome protein TALPID3, is a TF-associated component. Genetic analysis reveals that TALP-3 coordinates with ANKR-26, the homolog of ANKRD26, to orchestrate proper cilia gating. Mechanistically, TALP-3 and ANKR-26 form a complex with key gating component DYF-19, the homolog of FBF1. Co-depletion of TALP-3 and ANKR-26 specifically impairs the recruitment of DYF-19 to TFs. Interestingly, in mammalian cells, TALPID3 and ANKRD26 also play a conserved role in coordinating the recruitment of FBF1 to TFs. We thus report a conserved protein module that specifically regulates the functional component of the ciliary gate and suggest a correlation between defective gating and ciliopathy pathogenesis. Most cells possess sensory cilia, which need to be gated properly. Here the authors show that the C. elegans proteins TALP-3 and ANKR-26 coordinate cilia gating in the context of transition fibers and that this mechanism is conserved in mammalian cells and likely implicated in certain ciliopathies.
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16
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Cocciadiferro D, Agolini E, Digilio MC, Sinibaldi L, Castori M, Silvestri E, Dotta A, Dallapiccola B, Novelli A. The splice c.1815G>A variant in KIAA0586 results in a phenotype bridging short-rib-polydactyly and oral-facial-digital syndrome: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19169. [PMID: 32080096 PMCID: PMC7034684 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KIAA0586 variants have been associated to short-rib thoracic dysplasia, an autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathy characterized by a narrow thorax, short limbs, and radiological skeletal abnormalities. PATIENT CONCERNS Patients 1 and 2 were two Roma Gypsy siblings presenting thoracic dysplasia and a combination of oral cavity anomalies. DIAGNOSIS A custom NGS gene panel, including genes associated to skeletal ciliopathies, identified the homozygous KIAA0586 splicing variant c.1815G>A (p.Gln605Gln) in both siblings, confirming the clinical diagnosis of short-rib-polydactyly. INTERVENTION Patients were transferred to neonatal intensive care unit and received life-support treatment. OUTCOMES Patients 1 and 2 died after few hours and 1 month of birth, respectively, because of respiratory failure related with the disease. CONCLUSION We report two patients affected by short-rib polydactyly syndrome and overlapping phenotype with oral-facial-digital syndrome associated with the c.1815G>A variant in KIAA0586, suggesting a quite peculiar genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Sinibaldi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia)
| | - Evelina Silvestri
- Division of Pathology, Unit of Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital
| | - Andrea Dotta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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17
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Abstract
The inner ear, which mediates the senses of hearing and balance, derives from a simple ectodermal vesicle in the vertebrate embryo. In the zebrafish, the otic placode and vesicle express a whole suite of genes required for ciliogenesis and ciliary motility. Every cell of the otic epithelium is ciliated at early stages; at least three different ciliary subtypes can be distinguished on the basis of length, motility, genetic requirements and function. In the early otic vesicle, most cilia are short and immotile. Long, immotile kinocilia on the first sensory hair cells tether the otoliths, biomineralized aggregates of calcium carbonate and protein. Small numbers of motile cilia at the poles of the otic vesicle contribute to the accuracy of otolith tethering, but neither the presence of cilia nor ciliary motility is absolutely required for this process. Instead, otolith tethering is dependent on the presence of hair cells and the function of the glycoprotein Otogelin. Otic cilia or ciliary proteins also mediate sensitivity to ototoxins and coordinate responses to extracellular signals. Other studies are beginning to unravel the role of ciliary proteins in cellular compartments other than the kinocilium, where they are important for the integrity and survival of the sensory hair cell. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Unity and diversity of cilia in locomotion and transport'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T Whitfield
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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18
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Jacobs CT, Huang P. Notch signalling maintains Hedgehog responsiveness via a Gli-dependent mechanism during spinal cord patterning in zebrafish. eLife 2019; 8:49252. [PMID: 31453809 PMCID: PMC6733594 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord patterning is orchestrated by multiple cell signalling pathways. Neural progenitors are maintained by Notch signalling, whereas ventral neural fates are specified by Hedgehog (Hh) signalling. However, how dynamic interactions between Notch and Hh signalling drive the precise pattern formation is still unknown. We applied the PHRESH (PHotoconvertible REporter of Signalling History) technique to analyse cell signalling dynamics in vivo during zebrafish spinal cord development. This approach reveals that Notch and Hh signalling display similar spatiotemporal kinetics throughout spinal cord patterning. Notch signalling functions upstream to control Hh response of neural progenitor cells. Using gain- and loss-of-function tools, we demonstrate that this regulation occurs not at the level of upstream regulators or primary cilia, but rather at the level of Gli transcription factors. Our results indicate that Notch signalling maintains Hh responsiveness of neural progenitors via a Gli-dependent mechanism in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Jacobs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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19
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Fraser AM, Davey MG. TALPID3 in Joubert syndrome and related ciliopathy disorders. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 56:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Bashford AL, Subramanian V. Mice with a conditional deletion of Talpid3 (KIAA0586) - a model for Joubert syndrome. J Pathol 2019; 248:396-408. [PMID: 30924151 PMCID: PMC6767539 DOI: 10.1002/path.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a ciliopathy associated with mutations in numerous genes encoding cilia components. TALPID3 encoded by KIAA0856 in man (2700049A03Rik in mouse) is a centrosomal protein essential for the assembly of primary cilia. Mutations in KIAA0856 have been recently identified in JS patients. Herein, we describe a novel mouse JS model with a conditional deletion of the conserved exons 11–12 of Talpid3 in the central nervous system which recapitulates the complete cerebellar phenotype seen in JS. Talpid3 mutant mice exhibit key hallmarks of JS including progressive ataxia, severely hypoplastic cerebellar hemispheres and vermis, together with abnormal decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles. The Purkinje cell layer is disorganised with abnormal dendritic arborisation. The external granule layer (EGL) is thinner, lacks primary cilia, and has a reduced level of proliferation. Furthermore, we describe novel cellular defects including ectopic clusters of mature granule neurons, and abnormal parallel fibre‐derived synapses and disorientation of cells in the EGL. The defective glial scaffold results in abnormal granule cell migration which manifests as ectopic clusters of granule neurons. In addition, we show a reduction in Wnt7a expression suggesting that defects may arise not only from deficiencies in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway but also due to the additional roles of Talpid3. The Talpid3 conditional knockout mouse is a novel JS model which fully recapitulates the JS cerebellar phenotype. These findings reveal a role for Talpid3 in granule precursor cell migration in the cerebellum (either direct or indirect) which together with defective Hh signalling underlies the JS phenotype. Our findings also illustrate the utility of creating conditional mouse models to assist in unravelling the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying JS. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Bashford
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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21
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Elworthy S, Savage AM, Wilkinson RN, Malicki JJ, Chico TJA. The role of endothelial cilia in postembryonic vascular development. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:410-425. [PMID: 30980582 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cilia are essential for morphogenesis and maintenance of many tissues. Loss-of-function of cilia in early Zebrafish development causes a range of vascular defects, including cerebral hemorrhage and reduced arterial vascular mural cell coverage. In contrast, loss of endothelial cilia in mice has little effect on vascular development. We therefore used a conditional rescue approach to induce endothelial cilia ablation after early embryonic development and examined the effect on vascular development and mural cell development in postembryonic, juvenile, and adult Zebrafish. RESULTS ift54(elipsa)-mutant Zebrafish are unable to form cilia. We rescued cilia formation and ameliorated the phenotype of ift54 mutants using a novel Tg(ubi:loxP-ift54-loxP-myr-mcherry,myl7:EGFP)sh488 transgene expressing wild-type ift54 flanked by recombinase sites, then used a Tg(kdrl:cre)s898 transgene to induce endothelial-specific inactivation of ift54 at postembryonic ages. Fish without endothelial ift54 function could survive to adulthood and exhibited no vascular defects. Endothelial inactivation of ift54 did not affect development of tagln-positive vascular mural cells around either the aorta or the caudal fin vessels, or formation of vessels after tail fin resection in adult animals. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cilia are not essential for development and remodeling of the vasculature in juvenile and adult Zebrafish when inactivated after embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stone Elworthy
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Aaron M Savage
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jarema J Malicki
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy J A Chico
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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22
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Abramyan J. Hedgehog Signaling and Embryonic Craniofacial Disorders. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:E9. [PMID: 31022843 PMCID: PMC6631594 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its initial discovery in a Drosophila mutagenesis screen, the Hedgehog pathway has been revealed to be instrumental in the proper development of the vertebrate face. Vertebrates possess three hedgehog paralogs: Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and Desert hedgehog (Dhh). Of the three, Shh has the broadest range of functions both in the face and elsewhere in the embryo, while Ihh and Dhh play more limited roles. The Hedgehog pathway is instrumental from the period of prechordal plate formation early in the embryo, until the fusion of the lip and secondary palate, which complete the major patterning events of the face. Disruption of Hedgehog signaling results in an array of developmental disorders in the face, ranging from minor alterations in the distance between the eyes to more serious conditions such as severe clefting of the lip and palate. Despite its critical role, Hedgehog signaling seems to be disrupted through a number of mechanisms that may either be direct, as in mutation of a downstream target of the Hedgehog ligand, or indirect, such as mutation in a ciliary protein that is otherwise seemingly unrelated to the Hedgehog pathway. A number of teratogens such as alcohol, statins and steroidal alkaloids also disrupt key aspects of Hedgehog signal transduction, leading to developmental defects that are similar, if not identical, to those of Hedgehog pathway mutations. The aim of this review is to highlight the variety of roles that Hedgehog signaling plays in developmental disorders of the vertebrate face.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abramyan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA.
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23
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WareJoncas Z, Campbell JM, Martínez-Gálvez G, Gendron WAC, Barry MA, Harris PC, Sussman CR, Ekker SC. Precision gene editing technology and applications in nephrology. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:663-677. [PMID: 30089813 PMCID: PMC6591726 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The expanding field of precision gene editing is empowering researchers to directly modify DNA. Gene editing is made possible using synonymous technologies: a DNA-binding platform to molecularly locate user-selected genomic sequences and an associated biochemical activity that serves as a functional editor. The advent of accessible DNA-targeting molecular systems, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing systems, has unlocked the ability to target nearly any DNA sequence with nucleotide-level precision. Progress has also been made in harnessing endogenous DNA repair machineries, such as non-homologous end joining, homology-directed repair and microhomology-mediated end joining, to functionally manipulate genetic sequences. As understanding of how DNA damage results in deletions, insertions and modifications increases, the genome becomes more predictably mutable. DNA-binding platforms such as TALEs and CRISPR can also be used to make locus-specific epigenetic changes and to transcriptionally enhance or suppress genes. Although many challenges remain, the application of precision gene editing technology in the field of nephrology has enabled the generation of new animal models of disease as well as advances in the development of novel therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy and xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary WareJoncas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jarryd M Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - William A C Gendron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael A Barry
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caroline R Sussman
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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24
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Wang L, Failler M, Fu W, Dynlacht BD. A distal centriolar protein network controls organelle maturation and asymmetry. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3938. [PMID: 30258116 PMCID: PMC6158247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-standing mystery in the centrosome field pertains to the origin of asymmetry within the organelle. The removal of daughter centriole-specific/enriched proteins (DCPs) and acquisition of distal appendages on the future mother centriole are two important steps in the generation of asymmetry. We find that DCPs are recruited sequentially, and their removal is abolished in cells lacking Talpid3 or C2CD3. We show that removal of certain DCPs constitutes another level of control for distal appendage (DA) assembly. Remarkably, we also find that Talpid3 forms a distal centriolar multi-functional hub that coordinates the removal of specific DCPs, DA assembly, and recruitment of ciliary vesicles through distinct regions mutated in ciliopathies. Finally, we show that Talpid3, C2CD3, and OFD1 differentially regulate the assembly of sub-distal appendages, the CEP350/FOP/CEP19 module, centriolar satellites, and actin networks. Our work extends the spatial and functional understanding of proteins that control organelle maturation and asymmetry, ciliogenesis, and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Marion Failler
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Wenxiang Fu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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25
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Pauli S, Altmüller J, Schröder S, Ohlenbusch A, Dreha-Kulaczewski S, Bergmann C, Nürnberg P, Thiele H, Li Y, Wollnik B, Brockmann K. Homozygosity for the c.428delG variant in KIAA0586 in a healthy individual: implications for molecular testing in patients with Joubert syndrome. J Med Genet 2018; 56:261-264. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundJoubert syndrome (JBTS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with marked phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the KIAA0586 gene on chromosome 14q23 are known to be associated with JBTS-23. The frameshift variant c.428delG is the most frequent KIAA0586 variant reported in JBTS-23; yet, homozygosity of this variant was observed in two patients with JBTS-23. However, homozygosity of the c.428delG variant was recently reported as well in one healthy individual.ObjectiveTo clarify whether the frameshift variant c.428delG in KIAA0586 is pathogenic in the homozygous state.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing as well as RNA analysis were performed.ResultsWe identified biallelic mutations, including the variant c.428delG and a splice site variant c.1413–1G>C, in KIAA0586 in two siblings with clinical and MRI features of JBTS. The c.1413–1G>C variant was inherited from the healthy father. The c.428delG variant was found in the healthy mother in a homozygous state in blood lymphocytes, hair root cells and buccal epithelial cells. RNA analysis revealed that the transcript harbouring the c.428delG variant was expressed in blood cells from the healthy mother, indicating that transcripts harbouring this variant elude the mechanism of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.ConclusionConsidering this and the high allele frequency of 0.003117 in the gnomAD database, we conclude that c.428delG represents a JBTS disease-causing variant only if present in compound heterozygous state with a more severe KIAA0586 variant, but not in a homozygous situation.
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26
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Ojeda Naharros I, Cristian FB, Zang J, Gesemann M, Ingham PW, Neuhauss SCF, Bachmann-Gagescu R. The ciliopathy protein TALPID3/KIAA0586 acts upstream of Rab8 activation in zebrafish photoreceptor outer segment formation and maintenance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2211. [PMID: 29396404 PMCID: PMC5797153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are human disorders caused by dysfunction of primary cilia, ubiquitous microtubule-based organelles involved in signal transduction. Cilia are anchored inside the cell through basal bodies (BBs), modified centrioles also acting as microtubule-organization centers. Photoreceptors (PRs) are sensory neurons, whose primary cilium forms a highly specialized compartment called the outer segment (OS) responsible for sensing incoming light. Thus, ciliopathies often present with retinal degeneration. Mutations in KIAA0586/TALPID3 (TA3) cause Joubert syndrome, in which 30% of affected individuals develop retinal involvement. To elucidate the function of TALPID3 in PRs, we studied talpid3 zebrafish mutants and identified a progressive retinal degeneration phenotype. The majority of PRs lack OS development due to defects in BB positioning and docking at the apical cell surface. Intracellular accumulation of the photopigment opsin leads to PR cell death of moderate severity. Electroretinograms demonstrate severe visual impairement. A small subset of PRs display normally docked BBs and extended OSs through rescue by maternally-deposited Talpid3. While localization of the small GTPase Rab8a, which plays an important role in BB docking, appears unaffected in talpid3-/- PRs, overexpression of constitutively active Rab8a rescues OS formation, indicating that the role of Ta3 in early ciliogenesis lies upstream of Rab8a activation in PRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ojeda Naharros
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavia B Cristian
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingjing Zang
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gesemann
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip W Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephan C F Neuhauss
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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27
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Bangs F, Anderson KV. Primary Cilia and Mammalian Hedgehog Signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028175. [PMID: 27881449 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been a decade since it was discovered that primary cilia have an essential role in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in mammals. This discovery came from screens in the mouse that identified a set of genes that are required for both normal Hh signaling and for the formation of primary cilia. Since then, dozens of mouse mutations have been identified that disrupt cilia in a variety of ways and have complex effects on Hedgehog signaling. Here, we summarize the genetic and developmental studies used to deduce how Hedgehog signal transduction is linked to cilia and the complex effects that perturbation of cilia structure can have on Hh signaling. We conclude by describing the current status of our understanding of the cell-type-specific regulation of ciliogenesis and how that determines the ability of cells to respond to Hedgehog ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Bangs
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Kathryn V Anderson
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
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28
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Hudish LI, Galati DF, Ravanelli AM, Pearson CG, Huang P, Appel B. miR-219 regulates neural progenitors by dampening apical Par protein-dependent Hedgehog signaling. Development 2016; 143:2292-304. [PMID: 27226318 PMCID: PMC4958328 DOI: 10.1242/dev.137844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The transition of dividing neuroepithelial progenitors to differentiated neurons and glia is essential for the formation of a functional nervous system. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a mitogen for spinal cord progenitors, but how cells become insensitive to the proliferative effects of Shh is not well understood. Because Shh reception occurs at primary cilia, which are positioned within the apical membrane of neuroepithelial progenitors, we hypothesized that loss of apical characteristics reduces the Shh signaling response, causing cell cycle exit and differentiation. We tested this hypothesis using genetic and pharmacological manipulation, gene expression analysis and time-lapse imaging of zebrafish embryos. Blocking the function of miR-219, a microRNA that downregulates apical Par polarity proteins and promotes progenitor differentiation, elevated Shh signaling. Inhibition of Shh signaling reversed the effects of miR-219 depletion and forced expression of Shh phenocopied miR-219 deficiency. Time-lapse imaging revealed that knockdown of miR-219 function accelerates the growth of primary cilia, revealing a possible mechanistic link between miR-219-mediated regulation of apical Par proteins and Shh signaling. Thus, miR-219 appears to decrease progenitor cell sensitivity to Shh signaling, thereby driving these cells towards differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I. Hudish
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Domenico F. Galati
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew M. Ravanelli
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chad G. Pearson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Bruce Appel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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29
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Zhao Z, Lee RTH, Pusapati GV, Iyu A, Rohatgi R, Ingham PW. An essential role for Grk2 in Hedgehog signalling downstream of Smoothened. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:739-52. [PMID: 27113758 PMCID: PMC5341524 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (adrbk2/GRK2) has been implicated in vertebrate Hedgehog (Hh) signalling based on the effects of its transient knock‐down in mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos. Here, we show that the response to Hh signalling is effectively abolished in the absence of Grk2 activity. Zebrafish embryos lacking all Grk2 activity are refractory to both Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and oncogenic Smoothened (Smo) activity, but remain responsive to inhibition of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity. Mutation of the kinase domain abrogates the rescuing activity of grk2 mRNA, suggesting that Grk2 acts in a kinase‐dependent manner to regulate the response to Hh. Previous studies have suggested that Grk2 potentiates Smo activity by phosphorylating its C‐terminal tail (CTT). In the zebrafish embryo, however, phosphomimetic Smo does not display constitutive activity, whereas phospho‐null mutants retain activity, implying phosphorylation is neither sufficient nor necessary for Smo function. Since Grk2 rescuing activity requires the integrity of domains essential for its interaction with GPCRs, we speculate that Grk2 may regulate Hh pathway activity by downregulation of a GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhao
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Teck Ho Lee
- Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ganesh V Pusapati
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Iyu
- Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philip W Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Song Z, Zhang X, Jia S, Yelick PC, Zhao C. Zebrafish as a Model for Human Ciliopathies. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:107-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Schock EN, Chang CF, Youngworth IA, Davey MG, Delany ME, Brugmann SA. Utilizing the chicken as an animal model for human craniofacial ciliopathies. Dev Biol 2015; 415:326-337. [PMID: 26597494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chicken has been a particularly useful model for the study of craniofacial development and disease for over a century due to their relatively large size, accessibility, and amenability for classical bead implantation and transplant experiments. Several naturally occurring mutant lines with craniofacial anomalies also exist and have been heavily utilized by developmental biologist for several decades. Two of the most well known lines, talpid(2) (ta(2)) and talpid(3) (ta(3)), represent the first spontaneous mutants to have the causative genes identified. Despite having distinct genetic causes, both mutants have recently been identified as ciliopathic. Excitingly, both of these mutants have been classified as models for human craniofacial ciliopathies: Oral-facial-digital syndrome (ta(2)) and Joubert syndrome (ta(3)). Herein, we review and compare these two models of craniofacial disease and highlight what they have revealed about the molecular and cellular etiology of ciliopathies. Furthermore, we outline how applying classical avian experiments and new technological advances (transgenics and genome editing) with naturally occurring avian mutants can add a tremendous amount to what we currently know about craniofacial ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Schock
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ingrid A Youngworth
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Megan G Davey
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Mary E Delany
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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32
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Bachmann-Gagescu R, Dona M, Hetterschijt L, Tonnaer E, Peters T, de Vrieze E, Mans DA, van Beersum SEC, Phelps IG, Arts HH, Keunen JE, Ueffing M, Roepman R, Boldt K, Doherty D, Moens CB, Neuhauss SCF, Kremer H, van Wijk E. The Ciliopathy Protein CC2D2A Associates with NINL and Functions in RAB8-MICAL3-Regulated Vesicle Trafficking. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005575. [PMID: 26485645 PMCID: PMC4617701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of human disorders caused by dysfunction of primary cilia, ubiquitous microtubule-based organelles involved in transduction of extra-cellular signals to the cell. This function requires the concentration of receptors and channels in the ciliary membrane, which is achieved by complex trafficking mechanisms, in part controlled by the small GTPase RAB8, and by sorting at the transition zone located at the entrance of the ciliary compartment. Mutations in the transition zone gene CC2D2A cause the related Joubert and Meckel syndromes, two typical ciliopathies characterized by central nervous system malformations, and result in loss of ciliary localization of multiple proteins in various models. The precise mechanisms by which CC2D2A and other transition zone proteins control protein entrance into the cilium and how they are linked to vesicular trafficking of incoming cargo remain largely unknown. In this work, we identify the centrosomal protein NINL as a physical interaction partner of CC2D2A. NINL partially co-localizes with CC2D2A at the base of cilia and ninl knockdown in zebrafish leads to photoreceptor outer segment loss, mislocalization of opsins and vesicle accumulation, similar to cc2d2a-/- phenotypes. Moreover, partial ninl knockdown in cc2d2a-/- embryos enhances the retinal phenotype of the mutants, indicating a genetic interaction in vivo, for which an illustration is found in patients from a Joubert Syndrome cohort. Similar to zebrafish cc2d2a mutants, ninl morphants display altered Rab8a localization. Further exploration of the NINL-associated interactome identifies MICAL3, a protein known to interact with Rab8 and to play an important role in vesicle docking and fusion. Together, these data support a model where CC2D2A associates with NINL to provide a docking point for cilia-directed cargo vesicles, suggesting a mechanism by which transition zone proteins can control the protein content of the ciliary compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margo Dona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Hetterschijt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Edith Tonnaer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Peters
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorus A. Mans
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E. C. van Beersum
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ian G. Phelps
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Heleen H. Arts
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan E. Keunen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cecilia B. Moens
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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33
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Stephen LA, Tawamie H, Davis GM, Tebbe L, Nürnberg P, Nürnberg G, Thiele H, Thoenes M, Boltshauser E, Uebe S, Rompel O, Reis A, Ekici AB, McTeir L, Fraser AM, Hall EA, Mill P, Daudet N, Cross C, Wolfrum U, Jamra RA, Davey MG, Bolz HJ. TALPID3 controls centrosome and cell polarity and the human ortholog KIAA0586 is mutated in Joubert syndrome (JBTS23). eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26386247 PMCID: PMC4641851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a severe recessive neurodevelopmental ciliopathy which can affect several organ systems. Mutations in known JBTS genes account for approximately half of the cases. By homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel locus, JBTS23, with a homozygous splice site mutation in KIAA0586 (alias TALPID3), a known lethal ciliopathy locus in model organisms. Truncating KIAA0586 mutations were identified in two additional patients with JBTS. One mutation, c.428delG (p.Arg143Lysfs*4), is unexpectedly common in the general population and may be a major contributor to JBTS. We demonstrate KIAA0586 protein localization at the basal body in human and mouse photoreceptors, as is common for JBTS proteins, and also in pericentriolar locations. We show that loss of TALPID3 (KIAA0586) function in animal models causes abnormal tissue polarity, centrosome length and orientation, and centriolar satellites. We propose that JBTS and other ciliopathies may in part result from cell polarity defects. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08077.001 Joubert syndrome is a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disease in which two parts of the brain called the cerebellar vermis and brainstem do not develop properly. The disease is caused by defects in the formation of small projections from the surface of cells, called cilia, which are essential for signalling processes inside cells. Mutations in at least 25 genes are known to cause Joubert syndrome, and all encode proteins that create or maintain cilia. However, these mutations account for only half of the cases that have been studied, which indicates that mutations in other genes may also cause Joubert syndrome. Here, Stephen et al. used genetic techniques called ‘homozygosity mapping’ and ‘whole-exome sequencing’ to search for other mutations that might cause the disease. They found that mutations in a gene encoding a protein called KIAA0586 also cause Joubert syndrome in humans. One of these mutations (c.428delG) is unexpectedly common in the healthy human population. It might be a major contributor to Joubert syndrome, and the manifestation of Joubert syndrome in individuals with this mutation might depend on the presence and nature of other mutations in KIAA0586 and in other genes. The TALPID3 protein in chickens and other ‘model’ animals is the equivalent of human KIAA0586. A loss of TALPID3 protein in animals has been shown to stop cilia from forming. This protein is found in a structure called the basal body, which is part of a larger structure called the centrosome that anchors cilia to the cell. Here, Stephen et al. show that this is also true in mouse and human eye cells. Further experiments using chicken embryos show that a loss of the TALPID3 protein alters the location of centrosomes inside cells. TALPID3 is also required for cells and organs to develop the correct polarity, that is, directional differences in their structure and shape. The centrosomes of chicken brain cells that lacked TALPID3 were poorly positioned at the cell surface and abnormally long, which is likely responsible for the cilia failing to form. Stephen et al.'s findings suggest that KIAA0586 is also important for human development through its ability to control the centrosome. Defects in TALPID3 have a more severe effect on animal models than many of the identified KIAA0586 mutations have on humans. Therefore, the next step in this research is to find a more suitable animal in which to study the role of this protein, which may inform efforts to develop treatments for Joubert syndrome. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08077.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Stephen
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan Tawamie
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gemma M Davis
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Tebbe
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Thoenes
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Rompel
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lynn McTeir
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amy M Fraser
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emma A Hall
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Daudet
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Courtney Cross
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Mesa, United States
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Centogene, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Megan G Davey
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hanno J Bolz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Bioscientia Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia International Business, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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34
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Malicdan MCV, Vilboux T, Stephen J, Maglic D, Mian L, Konzman D, Guo J, Yildirimli D, Bryant J, Fischer R, Zein WM, Snow J, Vemulapalli M, Mullikin JC, Toro C, Solomon BD, Niederhuber JE, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M. Mutations in human homologue of chicken talpid3 gene (KIAA0586) cause a hybrid ciliopathy with overlapping features of Jeune and Joubert syndromes. J Med Genet 2015; 52:830-9. [PMID: 26386044 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chicken, loss of TALPID3 results in non-functional cilia and short-rib polydactyly syndrome. This phenotype is caused by a frameshift mutation in the chicken ortholog of the human KIAA0586 gene, which encodes a novel coiled-coil domain protein essential for primary ciliogenesis, suggesting that KIAA0586 can be associated with ciliopathy in human beings. METHODS In our patients with ciliopathy (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00068224), we have collected extensive clinical and neuroimaging data from affected individuals, and performed whole exome sequencing on DNA from affected individuals and their parents. We analysed gene expression on fibroblast cell line, and determined the effect of gene mutation on ciliogenesis in cells derived from patients. RESULTS We identified biallelic mutations in the human TALPID3 ortholog, KIAA0586, in six children with findings of overlapping Jeune and Joubert syndromes. Fibroblasts cultured from one of the patients with Jeune-Joubert syndrome exhibited more severe cilia defects than fibroblasts from patients with only Joubert syndrome; this difference was reflected in KIAA0586 RNA expression levels. Rescue of the cilia defect with full-length wild type KIAA0586 indicated a causal link between cilia formation and KIAA0586 function. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that biallelic deleterious mutations in KIAA0586 lead to Joubert syndrome with or without Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Furthermore, our results confirm that KIAA0586/TALPID3 is essential in cilia formation in human beings, expand the KIAA0586 phenotype to include features of Jeune syndrome and provide a pathogenetic connection between Joubert and Jeune syndromes, based on aberrant ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thierry Vilboux
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Joshi Stephen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dino Maglic
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luhe Mian
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Konzman
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Guo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deniz Yildirimli
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joy Bryant
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Snow
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meghana Vemulapalli
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | | | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Bachmann-Gagescu R, Phelps IG, Dempsey JC, Sharma VA, Ishak GE, Boyle EA, Wilson M, Lourenço CM, Arslan M, Shendure J, Doherty D. KIAA0586 is Mutated in Joubert Syndrome. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:831-5. [PMID: 26096313 PMCID: PMC4537327 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a distinctive mid-hindbrain malformation. JS is part of a group of disorders called ciliopathies based on their overlapping phenotypes and common underlying pathophysiology linked to primary cilium dysfunction. Biallelic mutations in one of 28 genes, all encoding proteins localizing to the primary cilium or basal body, can cause JS. Despite this large number of genes, the genetic cause can currently be determined in about 62% of individuals with JS. To identify novel JS genes, we performed whole exome sequencing on 35 individuals with JS and found biallelic rare deleterious variants (RDVs) in KIAA0586, encoding a centrosomal protein required for ciliogenesis, in one individual. Targeted next-generation sequencing in a large JS cohort identified biallelic RDVs in eight additional families for an estimated prevalence of 2.5% (9/366 JS families). All affected individuals displayed JS phenotypes toward the mild end of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian G. Phelps
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Gisele E. Ishak
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Evan A Boyle
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles Marques Lourenço
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mutluay Arslan
- Gulhane Military Medical School, Division of Child Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Alby C, Piquand K, Huber C, Megarbané A, Ichkou A, Legendre M, Pelluard F, Encha-Ravazi F, Abi-Tayeh G, Bessières B, El Chehadeh-Djebbar S, Laurent N, Faivre L, Sztriha L, Zombor M, Szabó H, Failler M, Garfa-Traore M, Bole C, Nitschké P, Nizon M, Elkhartoufi N, Clerget-Darpoux F, Munnich A, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M, Saunier S, Cormier-Daire V, Attié-Bitach T, Thomas S. Mutations in KIAA0586 Cause Lethal Ciliopathies Ranging from a Hydrolethalus Phenotype to Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:311-8. [PMID: 26166481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KIAA0586, the human ortholog of chicken TALPID3, is a centrosomal protein that is essential for primary ciliogenesis. Its disruption in animal models causes defects attributed to abnormal hedgehog signaling; these defects include polydactyly and abnormal dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube. Here, we report homozygous mutations of KIAA0586 in four families affected by lethal ciliopathies ranging from a hydrolethalus phenotype to short-rib polydactyly. We show defective ciliogenesis, as well as abnormal response to SHH-signaling activation in cells derived from affected individuals, consistent with a role of KIAA0586 in primary cilia biogenesis. Whereas centriolar maturation seemed unaffected in mutant cells, we observed an abnormal extended pattern of CEP290, a centriolar satellite protein previously associated with ciliopathies. Our data show the crucial role of KIAA0586 in human primary ciliogenesis and subsequent abnormal hedgehog signaling through abnormal GLI3 processing. Our results thus establish that KIAA0586 mutations cause lethal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Alby
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Piquand
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Huber
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - André Megarbané
- Medical Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Rue de Damas, BP 175208, Mar Mikhaël, Beyrouth 1104, Lebanon
| | - Amale Ichkou
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marine Legendre
- Department of Genetics, Poitiers University Hospital, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Fanny Pelluard
- Unité de Pathologie Fœtoplacentaire, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Ferechté Encha-Ravazi
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Georges Abi-Tayeh
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôtel-Dieu de France, BP 166830, Achrafieh, Beyrouth 1100, Lebanon
| | - Bettina Bessières
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Nicole Laurent
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement EA4271, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement EA4271, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - László Sztriha
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Zombor
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Szabó
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marion Failler
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Meriem Garfa-Traore
- Cell Imaging Platform, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole
- Genomic Core Facility, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Elkhartoufi
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Clerget-Darpoux
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michel Vekemans
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thomas
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
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IFT46 plays an essential role in cilia development. Dev Biol 2015; 400:248-57. [PMID: 25722189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based structures that project into the extracellular space. Ciliary defects are associated with several human diseases, including polycystic kidney disease, primary ciliary dyskinesia, left-right axis patterning, hydrocephalus and retinal degeneration. However, the genetic and cellular biological control of ciliogenesis remains poorly understood. The IFT46 is one of the highly conserved intraflagellar transport complex B proteins. In zebrafish, ift46 is expressed in various ciliated tissues such as Kupffer׳s vesicle, pronephric ducts, ears and spinal cord. We show that ift46 is localized to the basal body. Knockdown of ift46 gene results in multiple phenotypes associated with various ciliopathies including kidney cysts, pericardial edema and ventral axis curvature. In ift46 morphants, cilia in kidney and spinal canal are shortened and abnormal. Similar ciliary defects are observed in otic vesicles, lateral line hair cells, olfactory pits, but not in Kupffer׳s vesicle. To explore the functions of Ift46 during mouse development, we have generated Ift46 knock-out mice. The Ift46 mutants have developmental defects in brain, neural tube and heart. In particular Ift46(-/-) homozygotes displays randomization of the embryo heart looping, which is a hallmark of defective left-right (L/R) axis patterning. Taken together, our results demonstrated that IFT46 has an essential role in vertebrate ciliary development.
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Guan G, Zhang X, Naruse K, Nagahama Y, Hong Y. Gene replacement by zinc finger nucleases in medaka embryos. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:739-747. [PMID: 25097139 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene replacement (GR) via homologous recombination is a powerful tool for genome editing. Recently, direct GR is achieved successfully by coinjection of mRNAs for engineered endonucleases such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and donor DNA in developing embryos of diverse organisms. Here, we report the procedures and efficiency for direct GR by using ZFNs in the fish medaka. Upon zygotic coinjection of mRNAs encoding ZFNs that target the gonad-specifically expressed gsdf locus, linear DNA of GR vector pGRgsdf containing the red fluorescent protein (rfp) gene flanked by two homology arms of ~1-kb each underwent GR via homologous recombination. Specifically, 15 of 231 adults from manipulated embryos contained a GR allele in the caudal fin, producing an efficiency of ~7 % for somatic GR. Progeny test revealed that two out of nine fertile fish containing the GR allele in the fin were capable of transmitting the GR allele to ~6 % of F1 generation at adulthood, generating an efficiency of ~22 % for germline transmission. Sequencing and Southern blotting validated precise GR. We show that the GR allele expressed a chimeric gsdf:rfp RNA between gsdf and cointegrated rfp specifically in the gonad, demonstrating recapitulation of endogenous RNA expression as predicted for the defined GR allele. Most importantly, RFP expression coincides faithfully with the gonad-specific gsdf expression in developing embryos and adults. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility and efficiency of ZFN-mediated precise GR directly in the developing embryo of medaka as a lower vertebrate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Guan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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40
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Kallakuri S, Yu JA, Li J, Li Y, Weinstein BM, Nicoli S, Sun Z. Endothelial cilia are essential for developmental vascular integrity in zebrafish. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:864-75. [PMID: 25214579 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013121314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cilium is a signaling platform of the vertebrate cell. It has a critical role in polycystic kidney disease and nephronophthisis. Cilia have been detected on endothelial cells, but the function of these organelles in the vasculature remains incompletely defined. In this study, using genetic and chemical genetic tools in the model organism zebrafish, we reveal an essential role of cilia in developmental vascular integrity. Embryos expressing mutant intraflagellar transport genes, which are essential and specific for cilia biogenesis, displayed increased risk of developmental intracranial hemorrhage, whereas the morphology of the vasculature remained normal. Moreover, cilia were present on endothelial cells in the developing zebrafish vasculature. We further show that the involvement of cilia in vascular integrity is endothelial autonomous, because endothelial-specific re-expression of intraflagellar transport genes in respective mutants rescued the intracranial hemorrhage phenotype. Finally, whereas inhibition of Hedgehog signaling increased the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in ciliary mutants, activation of the pathway rescued this phenotype. In contrast, embryos expressing an inactivating mutation in pkd2, one of two autosomal dominant cystic kidney disease genes, did not show increased risk of developmental intracranial hemorrhage. These results suggest that Hedgehog signaling is a major mechanism for this novel role of endothelial cilia in establishing vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianxin A Yu
- Program in the Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in the Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Stephen LA, Johnson EJ, Davis GM, McTeir L, Pinkham J, Jaberi N, Davey MG. The chicken left right organizer has nonmotile cilia which are lost in a stage-dependent manner in the talpid(3) ciliopathy. Genesis 2014; 52:600-13. [PMID: 24700455 PMCID: PMC4314677 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Motile cilia are an essential component of the mouse, zebrafish, and Xenopus laevis Left Right Organizers, generating nodal flow and allowing the reception and transduction of mechanosensory signals. Nonmotile primary cilia are also an important component of the Left Right Organizer's chemosensory mechanism. It has been proposed in the chicken that signaling in Hensen's node, the Left Right Organizer of the chicken, is independent of cilia, based on a lack of evidence of motile cilia or nodal flow. It is speculated that the talpid3 chicken mutant, which has normal left–right patterning despite lacking cilia at many stages of development, is proof of this hypothesis. Here, we examine the evidence for cilia in Hensen's node and find that although cilia are present; they are likely to be immotile and incapable of generating nodal flow. Furthermore, we find that early planar cell polarity patterning and ciliogenesis is normal in early talpid3 chicken embryos. We conclude that patterning and development of the early talpid3 chicken is normal, but not necessarily independent of cilia. Although it appears that Hensen's node does not require motile cilia or the generation of motile flow, there may remain a requirement for cilia in the transduction of SHH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Stephen
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Kobayashi T, Kim S, Lin YC, Inoue T, Dynlacht BD. The CP110-interacting proteins Talpid3 and Cep290 play overlapping and distinct roles in cilia assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:215-29. [PMID: 24421332 PMCID: PMC3897186 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201304153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Talpid3 and Cep290 promote proper ciliary vesicle formation by regulating centriolar satellite accretion and Rab8a localization. We have identified Talpid3/KIAA0586 as a component of a CP110-containing protein complex important for centrosome and cilia function. Talpid3 assembles a ring-like structure at the extreme distal end of centrioles. Ablation of Talpid3 resulted in an aberrant distribution of centriolar satellites involved in protein trafficking to centrosomes as well as cilia assembly defects, reminiscent of loss of Cep290, another CP110-associated protein. Talpid3 depletion also led to mislocalization of Rab8a, a small GTPase thought to be essential for ciliary vesicle formation. Expression of activated Rab8a suppressed cilia assembly defects provoked by Talpid3 depletion, suggesting that Talpid3 affects cilia formation through Rab8a recruitment and/or activation. Remarkably, ultrastructural analyses showed that Talpid3 is required for centriolar satellite dispersal, which precedes the formation of mature ciliary vesicles, a process requiring Cep290. These studies suggest that Talpid3 and Cep290 play overlapping and distinct roles in ciliary vesicle formation through regulation of centriolar satellite accretion and Rab8a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Maurya AK, Ben J, Zhao Z, Lee RTH, Niah W, Ng ASM, Iyu A, Yu W, Elworthy S, van Eeden FJM, Ingham PW. Positive and negative regulation of Gli activity by Kif7 in the zebrafish embryo. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003955. [PMID: 24339784 PMCID: PMC3854788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function mutations of Kif7, the vertebrate orthologue of the Drosophila Hh pathway component Costal2, cause defects in the limbs and neural tubes of mice, attributable to ectopic expression of Hh target genes. While this implies a functional conservation of Cos2 and Kif7 between flies and vertebrates, the association of Kif7 with the primary cilium, an organelle absent from most Drosophila cells, suggests their mechanisms of action may have diverged. Here, using mutant alleles induced by Zinc Finger Nuclease-mediated targeted mutagenesis, we show that in zebrafish, Kif7 acts principally to suppress the activity of the Gli1 transcription factor. Notably, we find that endogenous Kif7 protein accumulates not only in the primary cilium, as previously observed in mammalian cells, but also in cytoplasmic puncta that disperse in response to Hh pathway activation. Moreover, we show that Drosophila Costal2 can substitute for Kif7, suggesting a conserved mode of action of the two proteins. We show that Kif7 interacts with both Gli1 and Gli2a and suggest that it functions to sequester Gli proteins in the cytoplasm, in a manner analogous to the regulation of Ci by Cos2 in Drosophila. We also show that zebrafish Kif7 potentiates Gli2a activity by promoting its dissociation from the Suppressor of Fused (Sufu) protein and present evidence that it mediates a Smo dependent modification of the full length form of Gli2a. Surprisingly, the function of Kif7 in the zebrafish embryo appears restricted principally to mesodermal derivatives, its inactivation having little effect on neural tube patterning, even when Sufu protein levels are depleted. Remarkably, zebrafish lacking all Kif7 function are viable, in contrast to the peri-natal lethality of mouse kif7 mutants but similar to some Acrocallosal or Joubert syndrome patients who are homozygous for loss of function KIF7 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Maurya
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Ben
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
| | | | - Weixin Niah
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
| | | | - Audrey Iyu
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Weimiao Yu
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Stone Elworthy
- MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fredericus J. M. van Eeden
- MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Philip William Ingham
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Muller J, Iyu A, Khng AJ, Guccione E, Ruan Y, Ingham PW. Targeted inactivation and identification of targets of the Gli2a transcription factor in the zebrafish. Biol Open 2013; 2:1203-13. [PMID: 24244857 PMCID: PMC3828767 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20136262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is mediated by the Gli transcription factors and, in the zebrafish, plays an important role in patterning both the neural tube and myotome. Using a null allele of the gli2a gene induced by targeted mutagenesis, we show that Gli2a is completely dispensable in the fish but acts redundantly with Gli1 to regulate expression of known Hh targets, such as ptch2, prdm1a and eng2a, in the myotome and neural tube. To identify novel targets of Hh signaling, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) of whole embryo extracts. Samples were significantly enriched for 192 genomic regions, some of which are associated with four known Hh target genes, ptch1, ptch2, gli1 and olig2. Sequence analysis of these regions reveals a high level of conservation of Gli-binding sites from fish to mammals in some, but not all, cases. Expression analysis of other transcription units that are closely associated with peaks identified several putative targets not previously implicated as Hh targets, including myl10, hnmt, lrp4, efemp2, fras1, quo, and lamc1. Each of these genes shows loss of, or reduced expression in, embryos homozygous for an antimorphic allele of gli2a, you-too (yot), consistent with their being direct targets of Gli2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology , 61 Biopolis Drive , Singapore 138673 ; Present address: High Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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45
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Xiao A, Wang Z, Hu Y, Wu Y, Luo Z, Yang Z, Zu Y, Li W, Huang P, Tong X, Zhu Z, Lin S, Zhang B. Chromosomal deletions and inversions mediated by TALENs and CRISPR/Cas in zebrafish. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:e141. [PMID: 23748566 PMCID: PMC3737551 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Customized TALENs and Cas9/gRNAs have been used for targeted mutagenesis in zebrafish to induce indels into protein-coding genes. However, indels are usually not sufficient to disrupt the function of non-coding genes, gene clusters or regulatory sequences, whereas large genomic deletions or inversions are more desirable for this purpose. By injecting two pairs of TALEN mRNAs or two gRNAs together with Cas9 mRNA targeting distal DNA sites of the same chromosome, we obtained predictable genomic deletions or inversions with sizes ranging from several hundred bases to nearly 1 Mb. We have successfully achieved this type of modifications for 11 chromosomal loci by TALENs and 2 by Cas9/gRNAs with different combinations of gRNA pairs, including clusters of miRNA and protein-coding genes. Seven of eight TALEN-targeted lines transmitted the deletions and one transmitted the inversion through germ line. Our findings indicate that both TALENs and Cas9/gRNAs can be used as an efficient tool to engineer genomes to achieve large deletions or inversions, including fragments covering multiple genes and non-coding sequences. To facilitate the analyses and application of existing ZFN, TALEN and CRISPR/Cas data, we have updated our EENdb database to provide a chromosomal view of all reported engineered endonucleases targeting human and zebrafish genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yingying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yingdan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhou Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yao Zu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiangjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shuo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Pillay LM, Selland LG, Fleisch VC, Leighton PLA, Cheng CS, Famulski JK, Ritzel RG, March LD, Wang H, Allison WT, Waskiewicz AJ. Evaluating the mutagenic activity of targeted endonucleases containing a Sharkey FokI cleavage domain variant in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2013; 10:353-64. [PMID: 23781947 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic targeted endonucleases such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for targeted mutagenesis, especially in organisms that are not amenable to embryonic stem cell manipulation. Both ZFNs and TALENs consist of DNA-binding arrays that are fused to the nonspecific FokI nuclease domain. In an effort to improve targeted endonuclease mutagenesis efficiency, we enhanced their catalytic activity using the Sharkey FokI nuclease domain variant. All constructs tested display increased DNA cleavage activity in vitro. We demonstrate that one out of four ZFN arrays containing the Sharkey FokI variant exhibits a dramatic increase in mutagenesis frequency in vivo in zebrafish. The other three ZFNs exhibit no significant alteration of activity in vivo. Conversely, we demonstrate that TALENs containing the Sharkey FokI variant exhibit absent or severely reduced in vivo mutagenic activity in zebrafish. Notably, Sharkey ZFNs and TALENs do not generate increased toxicity-related defects or mortality. Our results present Sharkey ZFNs as an effective alternative to conventional ZFNs, but advise against the use of Sharkey TALENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pillay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Canada
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Stephen LA, Davis GM, McTeir KE, James J, McTeir L, Kierans M, Bain A, Davey MG. Failure of centrosome migration causes a loss of motile cilia in talpid(3) mutants. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:923-31. [PMID: 23613203 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of function mutations in the centrosomal protein TALPID3 (KIAA0586) cause a failure of primary cilia formation in animal models and are associated with defective Hedgehog signalling. It is unclear, however, if TALPID3 is required only for primary cilia formation or if it is essential for all ciliogenesis, including that of motile cilia in multiciliate cells. RESULTS FOXJ1, a key regulator of multiciliate cell fate, is expressed in the dorsal neuroectoderm of the chicken forebrain and hindbrain at stage 20HH, in areas that will give rise to choroid plexuses in both wt and talpid(3) embryos. Wt ependymal cells of the prosencephalic choroid plexuses subsequently transition from exhibiting single short cilia to multiple long motile cilia at 29HH (E8). Primary cilia and long motile cilia were only rarely observed on talpid(3) ependymal cells. Electron microscopy determined that talpid(3) ependymal cells do develop multiple centrosomes in accordance with FOXJ1 expression, but these fail to migrate to the apical surface of ependymal cells although axoneme formation was sometimes observed. CONCLUSIONS TALPID3, which normally localises to the proximal centrosome, is essential for centrosomal migration prior to ciliogenesis but is not directly required for de novo centriologenesis, multiciliated fate, or axoneme formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Stephen
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
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Fleisch VC, Leighton PLA, Wang H, Pillay LM, Ritzel RG, Bhinder G, Roy B, Tierney KB, Ali DW, Waskiewicz AJ, Allison WT. Targeted mutation of the gene encoding prion protein in zebrafish reveals a conserved role in neuron excitability. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 55:11-25. [PMID: 23523635 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) in healthy brains remains poorly understood, in part because Prnp knockout mice are viable. On the other hand, transient knockdown of Prnp homologs in zebrafish (including two paralogs, prp1 and prp2) has suggested that PrP(C) is required for CNS development, cell adhesion, and neuroprotection. It has been argued that zebrafish Prp2 is most similar to mammalian PrP(C), yet it has remained intransigent to the most thorough confirmations of reagent specificity during knockdown. Thus we investigated the role of prp2 using targeted gene disruption via zinc finger nucleases. Prp2(-/-) zebrafish were viable and did not display overt developmental phenotypes. Back-crossing female prp2(-/-) fish ruled out a role for maternal mRNA contributions. Prp2(-/-) larvae were found to have increased seizure-like behavior following exposure to the convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), as compared to wild type fish. In situ recordings from intact hindbrains demonstrated that prp2 regulates closing of N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, concomitant with neuroprotection during glutamate excitotoxicity. Overall, the knockout of Prp2 function in zebrafish independently confirmed hypothesized roles for PrP, identifying deeply conserved functions in post-developmental regulation of neuron excitability that are consequential to the etiology of prion and Alzheimer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C Fleisch
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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p53 gene targeting by homologous recombination in fish ES cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59400. [PMID: 23527183 PMCID: PMC3602087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene targeting (GT) provides a powerful tool for the generation of precise genetic alterations in embryonic stem (ES) cells to elucidate gene function and create animal models for human diseases. This technology has, however, been limited to mouse and rat. We have previously established ES cell lines and procedures for gene transfer and selection for homologous recombination (HR) events in the fish medaka (Oryzias latipes). Methodology and Principal Findings Here we report HR-mediated GT in this organism. We designed a GT vector to disrupt the tumor suppressor gene p53 (also known as tp53). We show that all the three medaka ES cell lines, MES1∼MES3, are highly proficient for HR, as they produced detectable HR without drug selection. Furthermore, the positive-negative selection (PNS) procedure enhanced HR by ∼12 folds. Out of 39 PNS-resistant colonies analyzed, 19 (48.7%) were positive for GT by PCR genotyping. When 11 of the PCR-positive colonies were further analyzed, 6 (54.5%) were found to be bona fide homologous recombinants by Southern blot analysis, sequencing and fluorescent in situ hybridization. This produces a high efficiency of up to 26.6% for p53 GT under PNS conditions. We show that p53 disruption and long-term propagation under drug selection conditions do not compromise the pluripotency, as p53-targeted ES cells retained stable growth, undifferentiated phenotype, pluripotency gene expression profile and differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that medaka ES cells are proficient for HR-mediated GT, offering a first model organism of lower vertebrates towards the development of full ES cell-based GT technology.
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Sood R, Carrington B, Bishop K, Jones M, Rissone A, Candotti F, Chandrasekharappa SC, Liu P. Efficient methods for targeted mutagenesis in zebrafish using zinc-finger nucleases: data from targeting of nine genes using CompoZr or CoDA ZFNs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57239. [PMID: 23451191 PMCID: PMC3579846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that targeted mutagenesis using zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) can be used to generate knockout zebrafish lines for analysis of their function and/or developing disease models. A number of different methods have been developed for the design and assembly of gene-specific ZFNs and TALENs, making them easily available to most zebrafish researchers. Regardless of the choice of targeting nuclease, the process of generating mutant fish is similar. It is a time-consuming and multi-step process that can benefit significantly from development of efficient high throughput methods. In this study, we used ZFNs assembled through either the CompoZr (Sigma-Aldrich) or the CoDA (context-dependent assembly) platforms to generate mutant zebrafish for nine genes. We report our improved high throughput methods for 1) evaluation of ZFNs activity by somatic lesion analysis using colony PCR, eliminating the need for plasmid DNA extractions from a large number of clones, and 2) a sensitive founder screening strategy using fluorescent PCR with PIG-tailed primers that eliminates the stutter bands and accurately identifies even single nucleotide insertions and deletions. Using these protocols, we have generated multiple mutant alleles for seven genes, five of which were targeted with CompoZr ZFNs and two with CoDA ZFNs. Our data also revealed that at least five-fold higher mRNA dose was required to achieve mutagenesis with CoDA ZFNs than with CompoZr ZFNs, and their somatic lesion frequency was lower (<5%) when compared to CopmoZr ZFNs (9–98%). This work provides high throughput protocols for efficient generation of zebrafish mutants using ZFNs and TALENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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