1
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Zhang Y, Jia C, Li S, Wang S, He Z, Wu G, Yu M, Lu Y, Yu D. Comparative genome-wide association study on body weight in Chinese native ducks using four models. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103899. [PMID: 38909509 PMCID: PMC11253684 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Jinling White duck represents a newly developed breed characterized by a rapid growth rate and a superior meat quality, offering significant economic value and research potential; however, the genetic basis underlying their body weight traits remains less understood. Here, we performed whole-genome resequencing for 201 diverse Jinling White male ducks and conducted population genomic analyses, suggesting a rich genetic diversity within the Jinling White duck population. Equipped with our genomic resources, we applied genome-wide association analysis for body weight on birth (BWB), body weight on 1 wk (BW1), body weight on 3 wk (BW3), body weight on 5 wk (BW5) and body weight on 7 wk (BW7) using 4 statistical models. Comparative studies indicated that factored spectrally transformed linear mixed models (FaST-LMM) demonstrated the most superior efficiency, yielding more results with the minimal false positives. We discovered that PUS7, FBXO11, FOXN2, MSH6, and SLC4A4 were associated with BWB. RAG2, and TMEFF2 were candidate genes for BW1, and STARD13, Klotho, ZAR1L are likely candidates for BW3 and BW5. PLXNC1, ATP1A1, CD58, FRYL, OCIAD1, and OCIAD2 were linked to BW7. These findings provide a genetic reference for the selection and breeding of Jinling White ducks, while also deepened our understanding of Growth and development phenotypic in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- College of Animal Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Sike Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Zongliang He
- Nanjing Academy of Animal Husbandry and Poultry, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Guansuo Wu
- Nanjing Academy of Animal Husbandry and Poultry, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Minli Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yinglin Lu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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2
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Geller E, Noble MA, Morales M, Gockley J, Emera D, Uebbing S, Cotney JL, Noonan JP. Massively parallel disruption of enhancers active in human neural stem cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113693. [PMID: 38271204 PMCID: PMC11078116 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in gene regulation have been linked to the expansion of the human cerebral cortex and to neurodevelopmental disorders, potentially by altering neural progenitor proliferation. However, the effects of genetic variation within regulatory elements on neural progenitors remain obscure. We use sgRNA-Cas9 screens in human neural stem cells (hNSCs) to disrupt 10,674 genes and 26,385 conserved regions in 2,227 enhancers active in the developing human cortex and determine effects on proliferation. Genes with proliferation phenotypes are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and show biased expression in specific fetal human brain neural progenitor populations. Although enhancer disruptions overall have weaker effects than gene disruptions, we identify enhancer disruptions that severely alter hNSC self-renewal. Disruptions in human accelerated regions, implicated in human brain evolution, also alter proliferation. Integrating proliferation phenotypes with chromatin interactions reveals regulatory relationships between enhancers and their target genes contributing to neurogenesis and potentially to human cortical evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Geller
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mark A Noble
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Matheo Morales
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jake Gockley
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Deena Emera
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Severin Uebbing
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Justin L Cotney
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - James P Noonan
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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3
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Darrigrand JF, Salowka A, Torres-Cano A, Tapia-Rojo R, Zhu T, Garcia-Manyes S, Spagnoli FM. Acinar-ductal cell rearrangement drives branching morphogenesis of the murine pancreas in an IGF/PI3K-dependent manner. Dev Cell 2024; 59:326-338.e5. [PMID: 38237591 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
During organ formation, progenitor cells need to acquire different cell identities and organize themselves into distinct structural units. How these processes are coordinated and how tissue architecture(s) is preserved despite the dramatic cell rearrangements occurring in developing organs remain unclear. Here, we identified cellular rearrangements between acinar and ductal progenitors as a mechanism to drive branching morphogenesis in the pancreas while preserving the integrity of the acinar-ductal functional unit. Using ex vivo and in vivo mouse models, we found that pancreatic ductal cells form clefts by protruding and pulling on the acinar basement membrane, which leads to acini splitting. Newly formed acini remain connected to the bifurcated branches generated by ductal cell rearrangement. Insulin growth factor (IGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway finely regulates this process by controlling pancreatic ductal tissue fluidity, with a simultaneous impact on branching and cell fate acquisition. Together, our results explain how acinar structure multiplication and branch bifurcation are synchronized during pancreas organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Darrigrand
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Anna Salowka
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Alejo Torres-Cano
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Rafael Tapia-Rojo
- Department of Physics, London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK; Single-Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK; Single-Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK.
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4
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Glorieux L, Sapala A, Willnow D, Moulis M, Salowka A, Darrigrand JF, Edri S, Schonblum A, Sakhneny L, Schaumann L, Gómez HF, Lang C, Conrad L, Guillemot F, Levenberg S, Landsman L, Iber D, Pierreux CE, Spagnoli FM. Development of a 3D atlas of the embryonic pancreas for topological and quantitative analysis of heterologous cell interactions. Development 2022; 149:274013. [PMID: 35037942 PMCID: PMC8918780 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Generating comprehensive image maps, while preserving spatial three-dimensional (3D) context, is essential in order to locate and assess quantitatively specific cellular features and cell-cell interactions during organ development. Despite recent advances in 3D imaging approaches, our current knowledge of the spatial organization of distinct cell types in the embryonic pancreatic tissue is still largely based on two-dimensional histological sections. Here, we present a light-sheet fluorescence microscopy approach to image the pancreas in three dimensions and map tissue interactions at key time points in the mouse embryo. We demonstrate the utility of the approach by providing volumetric data, 3D distribution of three main cellular components (epithelial, mesenchymal and endothelial cells) within the developing pancreas, and quantification of their relative cellular abundance within the tissue. Interestingly, our 3D images show that endocrine cells are constantly and increasingly in contact with endothelial cells forming small vessels, whereas the interactions with mesenchymal cells decrease over time. These findings suggest distinct cell-cell interaction requirements for early endocrine cell specification and late differentiation. Lastly, we combine our image data in an open-source online repository (referred to as the Pancreas Embryonic Cell Atlas). Summary: A light-sheet fluorescence microscopy approach is used for 3D imaging of the pancreas and to quantitatively map its interactions with surrounding tissues at key development time points in the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Glorieux
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Woluwe 1200, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Sapala
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - David Willnow
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Manon Moulis
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Woluwe 1200, Belgium
| | - Anna Salowka
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jean-Francois Darrigrand
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shlomit Edri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Anat Schonblum
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lina Sakhneny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Laura Schaumann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Harold F Gómez
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Christine Lang
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Conrad
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Limor Landsman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dagmar Iber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel 4058, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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5
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Ahuja N, Cleaver O. The cell cortex as mediator of pancreatic epithelial development and endocrine differentiation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 72:118-127. [PMID: 34929610 PMCID: PMC8915777 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis is the complex process of cells coordinating their own proliferation with changes to their shape, cell migration and cell-cell signaling, so that they transform into a three dimensional functional tissue, with its own custom range of differentiated cell types. Understanding when and where critical signals emanate from, and how those signals are transduced and interpreted, is the fundamental challenge of developmental biology. Here, we review recent findings regarding how progenitor cells interpret cues during pancreatic morphogenesis and how they coordinate cell fate determination. Recent evidence suggests that molecules located in the cell cortex play a crticial role in determining cellular behavior during pancreatic morphogenesis. Specifically, we find that control of cell adhesion, polarity, and constriction are all integral to both initiation of epithelial development and to later cell differentiation. Here, we review key molecules that coordinate these processes and suggest that the cell cortex acts as a signaling center that relays cues during pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Ahuja
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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6
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Abstract
The pancreas of adult mammals displays a branched structure which transports digestive enzymes produced in the distal acini through a tree-like network of ducts into the duodenum. In contrast to several other branched organs, its branching patterns are not stereotypic. Moreover, the branches do not grow from dichotomic splitting of an initial stem but rather from the formation of microlumen in a mass of cells. These lumen progressively assemble into a hyperconnected network that refines into a tree by the time of birth. We review the cell remodeling events and the molecular mechanisms governing pancreas branching, as well as the role of the surrounding tissues in this process. Furthermore, we draw parallels with other branched organs such as the salivary and mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Flasse
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Coline Schewin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Wu M, Tan X, Liu P, Yang Y, Huang Y, Liu X, Meng X, Yu B, Wu Y, Jin H. Role of exosomal microRNA-125b-5p in conferring the metastatic phenotype among pancreatic cancer cells with different potential of metastasis. Life Sci 2020; 255:117857. [PMID: 32470446 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the pro-metastatic role of exosomes derived from highly invasive pancreatic cancer cell and the associated aberrant expression of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs). MAIN METHODS Weakly invasive PC-1 cells were treated with exosomes of highly invasive PC-1.0 cells to determine the pro-metastatic effect of PC-1.0 derived exosomes. The exosomal miRNA profile was further investigated using high-throughput sequencing. The level of miR-125b-5p in highly and weakly invasive pancreatic cancer cells was further determined. Pancreatic cancer cells transfected with miR-125b-5p mimic and inhibitor were used to explore the effect of miR-125b-5p on migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Treatment with PC-1.0 derived exosome and Western blot assay were performed to validate STARD13 as a target of exosomal miR-125b-5p in pancreatic cancer. KEY FINDINGS PC-1.0 derived exosomes promoted the migration and invasion of weakly invasive PC-1 cells. miRNA sequencing revealed 62 miRNAs upregulated in PC-1.0 derived exosomes. miR-125b-5p most significantly promoted migration and invasion and was associated with metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Further, miR-125b-5p was upregulated in highly invasive pancreatic cancer cells and increased migration, invasion, and EMT. Moreover, its upregulation was associated with activation of MEK2/ERK2 signaling. The tumor suppressor STARD13 was directly targeted by miR-125b-5p in pancreatic cancer, which was associated with good prognosis and was suppressed by exosomes derived from highly invasive cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE This study explored the pro-metastatic role of exosomes derived from highly invasive pancreatic cancer cells and the associated aberrant expression of exosomal miRNAs, which may help to elucidate the metastatic mechanism of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yinpeng Huang
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xinlu Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiangli Meng
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Boqiang Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Haoyi Jin
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroidal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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8
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Pancreas organogenesis: The interplay between surrounding microenvironment(s) and epithelium-intrinsic factors. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:221-256. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Yang Z, Chen H, Shu M, Zhang Y, Xue L, Lin Y. DLC2 operates as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer via the RhoGTPase pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2107-2116. [PMID: 30719106 PMCID: PMC6350186 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleted in liver cancer 2 (DLC2) is a tumor suppressor, associated with various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression of DLC2 in breast cancer, its clinical significance and its effect on breast cancer cell behavior. The expression of DLC2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 131 cases of breast cancer. Associations among DLC2 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed, and its effects on proliferation, motility, migration and invasion in DLC2-knockdown breast cancer cell lines were observed. The results indicated that DLC2 was expressed in 42.75% of breast cancer cases (56/131) and in 79.39% of adjacent normal tissues (104/131). Lower expression of DLC2 in breast cancer was associated with tumor differentiation (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and poor prognosis (P<0.001). The silencing of the DLC2 gene in human breast cancer cell indicated an increased number of cells entering S phase, and increased abilities of clone formation, cell migration and invasion. Downregulated expression of DLC2 was associated with activated Ras homolog family member A and decreased Rac family small GTPase 1, cell division cycle 42 and Rho-associated protein kinase-2 expression levels, indicating that DLC2 may serve a regulatory function in breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion via the RhoGTPase pathway. The results of the present study suggested that DLC2 serves as a suppressor gene in the development of breast cancer and may be a prognostic marker for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hanrui Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Man Shu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yunjian Zhang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xue
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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10
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Escot S, Willnow D, Naumann H, Di Francescantonio S, Spagnoli FM. Robo signalling controls pancreatic progenitor identity by regulating Tead transcription factors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5082. [PMID: 30504829 PMCID: PMC6269453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay of intrinsic factors and extrinsic signalling pathways controls both cell lineage commitment and maintenance of cell identity. Loss of defined cellular states is the cause of many different cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Recent findings suggest a clinical role for the conserved SLIT/ROBO signalling pathway in pancreatic cancer. However, whilst this pathway has been extensively studied in many processes, a role for Slit and Robo genes in pancreas cell identity and plasticity has not been established yet. Here, we identify Slit/Robo signalling as a key regulator of pancreatic progenitor identity. We find that Robo1 and Robo2 are required for preserving pancreatic cell identity shortly after fate induction and, subsequently, for expansion of the pancreatic progenitor pool in the mouse. Furthermore, we show that Robo receptors control the expression of Tead transcription factors as well as its downstream transcriptional activity. Our work identifies an interplay between Slit/Robo pathway and Tead intrinsic regulators, functioning as gatekeeper of pancreatic cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Escot
- Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Basis of Embryonic Development, Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - David Willnow
- Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Basis of Embryonic Development, Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, 10178, Germany
| | - Heike Naumann
- Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Basis of Embryonic Development, Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Silvia Di Francescantonio
- Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Basis of Embryonic Development, Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Basis of Embryonic Development, Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, 10178, Germany. .,Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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11
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Bankaitis ED, Bechard ME, Gu G, Magnuson MA, Wright CVE. ROCK-nmMyoII, Notch and Neurog3 gene-dosage link epithelial morphogenesis with cell fate in the pancreatic endocrine-progenitor niche. Development 2018; 145:dev.162115. [PMID: 30126902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During mouse pancreas organogenesis, endocrine cells are born from progenitors residing in an epithelial plexus niche. After a period in a lineage-primed Neurog3LO state, progenitors become endocrine committed via upregulation of Neurog3 We find that the Neurog3LO to Neurog3HI transition is associated with distinct stages of an epithelial egression process: narrowing the apical surface of the cell, basalward cell movement and eventual cell-rear detachment from the apical lumen surface to allow clustering as nascent islets under the basement membrane. Apical narrowing, basalward movement and Neurog3 transcriptional upregulation still occur without Neurog3 protein, suggesting that morphogenetic cues deployed within the plexus initiate endocrine commitment upstream or independently of Neurog3. Neurog3 is required for cell-rear detachment and complete endocrine-cell birth. The ROCK-nmMyoII pathway coordinates epithelial-cell morphogenesis and the progression through Neurog3-expressing states. NmMyoII is necessary for apical narrowing, basalward cell displacement and Neurog3 upregulation, but all three are limited by ROCK activity. We propose that ROCK-nmMyoII activity, Neurog3 gene-dose and Notch signaling integrate endocrine fate allocation with epithelial plexus growth and morphogenesis, representing a feedback control circuit that coordinates morphogenesis with lineage diversification in the endocrine-birth niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Bankaitis
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew E Bechard
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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12
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Ramond C, Beydag-Tasöz BS, Azad A, van de Bunt M, Petersen MBK, Beer NL, Glaser N, Berthault C, Gloyn AL, Hansson M, McCarthy MI, Honoré C, Grapin-Botton A, Scharfmann R. Understanding human fetal pancreas development using subpopulation sorting, RNA sequencing and single-cell profiling. Development 2018; 145:dev.165480. [PMID: 30042179 PMCID: PMC6124547 DOI: 10.1242/dev.165480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To decipher the populations of cells present in the human fetal pancreas and their lineage relationships, we developed strategies to isolate pancreatic progenitors, endocrine progenitors and endocrine cells. Transcriptome analysis of the individual populations revealed a large degree of conservation among vertebrates in the drivers of gene expression changes that occur at different steps of differentiation, although notably, sometimes, different members of the same gene family are expressed. The transcriptome analysis establishes a resource to identify novel genes and pathways involved in human pancreas development. Single-cell profiling further captured intermediate stages of differentiation and enabled us to decipher the sequence of transcriptional events occurring during human endocrine differentiation. Furthermore, we evaluate how well individual pancreatic cells derived in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells mirror the natural process occurring in human fetuses. This comparison uncovers a few differences at the progenitor steps, a convergence at the steps of endocrine induction, and the current inability to fully resolve endocrine cell subtypes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Ramond
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Inserm U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris 75014, France,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France,University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Belin Selcen Beydag-Tasöz
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Ajuna Azad
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK,Global Research Informatics, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Maja Borup Kjær Petersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Nicola L. Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Nicolas Glaser
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Inserm U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris 75014, France,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France,University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Claire Berthault
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Inserm U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris 75014, France,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France,University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Mattias Hansson
- Stem Cell Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Christian Honoré
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Inserm U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris 75014, France,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France,University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France,Authors for correspondence (; )
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13
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Toyoda T, Kimura A, Tanaka H, Ameku T, Mima A, Hirose Y, Nakamura M, Watanabe A, Osafune K. Rho-Associated Kinases and Non-muscle Myosin IIs Inhibit the Differentiation of Human iPSCs to Pancreatic Endoderm. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 9:419-428. [PMID: 28793244 PMCID: PMC5550204 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing success with the generation of pancreatic cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs); however, the molecular mechanisms of the differentiation remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to reveal novel molecular mechanisms for differentiation to PDX1+NKX6.1+ pancreatic endoderm cells, which are pancreatic committed progenitor cells. PDX1+ posterior foregut cells differentiated from hiPSCs failed to differentiate into pancreatic endoderm cells at low cell density, but Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) or non-muscle myosin II (NM II) inhibitors rescued the differentiation potential. Consistently, the expression of phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 and NM IIA was downregulated in aggregation culture. Notably, the soluble factors we tested were substantially effective only with ROCK-NM II inhibition. The PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells induced with NM II inhibitors were successfully engrafted and maturated in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that NM IIs play inhibitory roles for the differentiation of hiPSCs to pancreatic endoderm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Azuma Kimura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomonaga Ameku
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mima
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yurie Hirose
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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14
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Wang D, Qian X, Rajaram M, Durkin ME, Lowy DR. DLC1 is the principal biologically-relevant down-regulated DLC family member in several cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45144-45157. [PMID: 27174913 PMCID: PMC5216712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The RHO family of RAS-related GTPases in tumors may be activated by reduced levels of RHO GTPase accelerating proteins (GAPs). One common mechanism is decreased expression of one or more members of the Deleted in Liver Cancer (DLC) family of Rho-GAPs, which comprises three closely related genes (DLC1, DLC2, and DLC3) that are down-regulated in a wide range of malignancies. Here we have studied their comparative biological activity in cultured cells and used publicly available datasets to examine their mRNA expression patterns in normal and cancer tissues, and to explore their relationship to cancer phenotypes and survival outcomes. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, DLC1 expression predominated in normal lung, breast, and liver, but not in colorectum. Conversely, reduced DLC1 expression predominated in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSC), lung adenocarcinoma (LAD), breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not in colorectal cancer. Reduced DLC1 expression was frequently associated with promoter methylation in LSC and LAD, while DLC1 copy number loss was frequent in HCC. DLC1 expression was higher in TCGA LAD patients who remained cancer-free, while low DLC1 had a poorer prognosis than low DLC2 or low DLC3 in a more completely annotated database. The poorest prognosis was associated with low expression of both DLC1 and DLC2 (P < 0.0001). In cultured cells, the three genes induced a similar reduction of Rho-GTP and cell migration. We conclude that DLC1 is the predominant family member expressed in several normal tissues, and its expression is preferentially reduced in common cancers at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megha Rajaram
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Current address: BioTek Instruments Inc., Winooski, VT 05404, USA
| | - Marian E Durkin
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Abstract
Objective Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is necessary for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. A mechanistic understanding of actin dynamics in the islet is paramount to a better comprehension of β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. Here, we investigate the Rho GTPase regulator Stard13 and its role in F-actin cytoskeleton organization and islet function in adult mice. Methods We used Lifeact-EGFP transgenic animals to visualize actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics in vivo in the mouse islets. Furthermore, we applied this model to study actin cytoskeleton and insulin secretion in mutant mice deleted for Stard13 selectively in pancreatic cells. We isolated transgenic islets for 3D-imaging and perifusion studies to measure insulin secretion dynamics. In parallel, we performed histological and morphometric analyses of the pancreas and used in vivo approaches to study glucose metabolism in the mouse. Results In this study, we provide the first genetic evidence that Stard13 regulates insulin secretion in response to glucose. Postnatally, Stard13 expression became restricted to the mouse pancreatic islets. We showed that Stard13 deletion results in a marked increase in actin polymerization in islet cells, which is accompanied by severe reduction of insulin secretion in perifusion experiments. Consistently, Stard13-deleted mice displayed impaired glucose tolerance and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest a previously unappreciated role for the RhoGAP protein Stard13 in the interplay between actin cytoskeletal remodeling and insulin secretion. Lifeact-EGFP mice allow in vivo labeling of the actin cytoskeleton in islets. The RhoGAP Stard13 regulates actin cytoskeleton organization in mouse islets. Stard13 deficiency hampers glucose-induced insulin secretion by mouse β-cells.
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16
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Scheibner K, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms coordinating pancreas development. Development 2017; 144:2873-2888. [PMID: 28811309 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is an endoderm-derived glandular organ that participates in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism and food digestion through the function of its endocrine and exocrine compartments, respectively. While intensive research has explored the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that govern pancreas development, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular processes that orchestrate pancreas morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the developmental mechanisms and principles that are known to underlie pancreas development, from induction and lineage formation to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Elucidating such principles will help to identify novel candidate disease genes and unravel the pathogenesis of pancreas-related diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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17
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Homeobox B4 inhibits breast cancer cell migration by directly binding to StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein 13. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4625-4632. [PMID: 29085460 PMCID: PMC5649528 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of homeobox B4 (HOXB4) in breast cancer. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed that HOXB4 expression was positively associated with expression of the StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein 13 (STARD13), and the overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated that HOXB4 expression was downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and was additionally positively associated with STARD13 expression. HOXB4 promoted STARD13 expression in breast cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that HOXB4 directly bound to the STARD13 promoter. Additionally, HOXB4 inhibited breast cancer cell migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the STARD13/Ras homolog (Rho) family member A/Rho associated protein kinase signaling pathway. HOXB4 overexpression enhanced the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and reversed resistance in doxorubicin-resistant cells. Overall, the results indicated that HOXB4 inhibited breast cancer cell migration and enhanced the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin by targeting STARD13.
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18
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Larsen HL, Grapin-Botton A. The molecular and morphogenetic basis of pancreas organogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:51-68. [PMID: 28089869 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is an essential endoderm-derived organ that ensures nutrient metabolism via its endocrine and exocrine functions. Here we review the essential processes governing the embryonic and early postnatal development of the pancreas discussing both the mechanisms and molecules controlling progenitor specification, expansion and differentiation. We elaborate on how these processes are orchestrated in space and coordinated with morphogenesis. We draw mainly from experiments conducted in the mouse model but also from investigations in other model organisms, complementing a recent comprehensive review of human pancreas development (Jennings et al., 2015) [1]. The understanding of pancreas development in model organisms provides a framework to interpret how human mutations lead to neonatal diabetes and may contribute to other forms of diabetes and to guide the production of desired pancreatic cell types from pluripotent stem cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte List Larsen
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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19
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Puig-Oliveras A, Revilla M, Castelló A, Fernández AI, Folch JM, Ballester M. Expression-based GWAS identifies variants, gene interactions and key regulators affecting intramuscular fatty acid content and composition in porcine meat. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31803. [PMID: 27666082 PMCID: PMC4989154 DOI: 10.1038/srep31803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to better understand the genetic mechanisms determining two complex traits affecting porcine meat quality: intramuscular fat (IMF) content and its fatty acid (FA) composition. With this purpose, expression Genome-Wide Association Study (eGWAS) of 45 lipid-related genes associated with meat quality traits in swine muscle (Longissimus dorsi) of 114 Iberian × Landrace backcross animals was performed. The eGWAS identified 241 SNPs associated with 11 genes: ACSM5, CROT, FABP3, FOS, HIF1AN, IGF2, MGLL, NCOA1, PIK3R1, PLA2G12A and PPARA. Three expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) for IGF2, ACSM5 and MGLL were identified, showing cis-acting effects, whereas 16 eQTLs had trans regulatory effects. A polymorphism in the ACSM5 promoter region associated with its expression was identified. In addition, strong candidate genes regulating ACSM5, FOS, PPARA, PIK3R1, PLA2G12A and HIF1AN gene expression were also seen. Notably, the analysis highlighted the NR3C1 transcription factor as a strong candidate gene involved in the regulation of the 45 genes analysed. Finally, the IGF2, MGLL, MC2R, ARHGAP6, and NR3C1 genes were identified as potential regulators co-localizing within QTLs for fatness and growth traits in the IBMAP population. The results obtained increase our knowledge in the functional regulatory mechanisms involved in these complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puig-Oliveras
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Revilla
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Castelló
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana I Fernández
- Departamento de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Folch
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Ballester
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Millora Animal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
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20
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Bankaitis ED, Bechard ME, Wright CVE. Feedback control of growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of pancreatic endocrine progenitors in an epithelial plexus niche. Genes Dev 2016; 29:2203-16. [PMID: 26494792 PMCID: PMC4617982 DOI: 10.1101/gad.267914.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian pancreas, endocrine cells undergo lineage allocation upon emergence from a bipotent duct/endocrine progenitor pool, which resides in the "trunk epithelium." Major questions remain regarding how niche environments are organized within this epithelium to coordinate endocrine differentiation with programs of epithelial growth, maturation, and morphogenesis. We used EdU pulse-chase and tissue-reconstruction approaches to analyze how endocrine progenitors and their differentiating progeny are assembled within the trunk as it undergoes remodeling from an irregular plexus of tubules to form the eventual mature, branched ductal arbor. The bulk of endocrine progenitors is maintained in an epithelial "plexus state," which is a transient intermediate during epithelial maturation within which endocrine cell differentiation is continually robust and surprisingly long-lived. Within the plexus, local feedback effects derived from the differentiating and delaminating endocrine cells nonautonomously regulate the flux of endocrine cell birth as well as proliferative growth of the bipotent cell population using Notch-dependent and Notch-independent influences, respectively. These feedback effects in turn maintain the plexus state to ensure prolonged allocation of endocrine cells late into gestation. These findings begin to define a niche-like environment guiding the genesis of the endocrine pancreas and advance current models for how differentiation is coordinated with the growth and morphogenesis of the developing pancreatic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Bankaitis
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Matthew E Bechard
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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21
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Shih HP, Panlasigui D, Cirulli V, Sander M. ECM Signaling Regulates Collective Cellular Dynamics to Control Pancreas Branching Morphogenesis. Cell Rep 2015; 14:169-79. [PMID: 26748698 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During pancreas development, epithelial buds undergo branching morphogenesis to form an exocrine and endocrine gland. Proper morphogenesis is necessary for correct lineage allocation of pancreatic progenitors; however, the cellular events underlying pancreas morphogenesis are unknown. Here, we employed time-lapse microscopy and fluorescent labeling of cells to analyze cell behaviors associated with pancreas morphogenesis. We observed that outer bud cells adjacent to the basement membrane are pleomorphic and rearrange frequently; additionally, they largely remain in the outer cell compartment even after mitosis. These cell behaviors and pancreas branching depend on cell contacts with the basement membrane, which induce actomyosin cytoskeleton remodeling via integrin-mediated activation of FAK/Src signaling. We show that integrin signaling reduces E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion in outer cells and provide genetic evidence that this regulation is necessary for initiation of branching. Our study suggests that regulation of cell motility and adhesion by local niche cues initiates pancreas branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Ping Shih
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Devin Panlasigui
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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22
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Marty-Santos L, Cleaver O. Pdx1 regulates pancreas tubulogenesis and E-cadherin expression. Development 2015; 143:101-12. [PMID: 26657766 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current efforts in developing treatments for diabetes focus on in vitro generation of functional β-cells for cell replacement therapies; however, these attempts have only been partly successful because factors involved in islet formation remain incompletely understood. The embryonic pancreas, which gives rise to β-cells, undergoes early epithelial rearrangements, including transient stratification of an initially monolayered epithelium, followed by microlumen formation and later resolution into branches. Within the epithelium, a multipotent progenitor cell (MPC) population is specified, giving rise to three important lineages: acinar, ductal and endocrine. Pdx1 is a transcription factor required for pancreas development and lineage specification; however, few Pdx1 targets that regulate pancreatogenesis have been identified. We find that pancreatic defects in Pdx1(-/-) embryos initiate at the time when the progenitor pool is specified and the epithelium should resolve into branches. Pdx1(-/-) microlumen diameters expand aberrantly, resulting in failure of epithelial tubulogenesis and ductal plexus formation. Pdx1(-/-) epithelial cell proliferation is decreased and the MPC pool is rapidly lost. We identify two conserved Pdx1 binding sites in the epithelial cadherin (E-cad, Cdh1) promoter, and show that Pdx1 directly binds and activates E-cad transcription. In addition, Pdx1 is required in vivo for maintenance of E-cad expression, actomyosin complex activity and cell shape. These findings demonstrate a novel link between regulators of epithelial architecture, specification of pancreatic cell fate and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani Marty-Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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23
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Abstract
Insulin-producing β cells within the vertebrate fetal pancreas acquire their fate in a step-wise manner. Whereas the intrinsic factors dictating the transcriptional or epigenetic status of pancreatic lineages have been intensely examined, less is known about cell-cell interactions that might constitute a niche for the developing β cell lineage. It is becoming increasingly clear that understanding and recapitulating these steps may instruct in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells and/or therapeutic regeneration. Indeed, directed differentiation techniques have improved since transitioning from 2D to 3D cultures, suggesting that the 3D microenvironment in which β cells are born is critical. However, to date, it remains unknown whether the changing architecture of the pancreatic epithelium impacts the fate of cells therein. An emerging challenge in the field is to elucidate how progenitors are allocated during key events, such as the stratification and subsequent resolution of the pre-pancreatic epithelium, as well as the formation of lumens and branches. Here, we assess the progenitor epithelium and examine how it might influence the emergence of pancreatic multipotent progenitors (MPCs), which give rise to β cells and other pancreatic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani Marty-Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (LMS,OC)
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (LMS,OC)
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Braun AC, Olayioye MA. Rho regulation: DLC proteins in space and time. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1643-51. [PMID: 25889896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases function as molecular switches that connect changes of the external environment to intracellular signaling pathways. They are active at various subcellular sites and require fast and tight regulation to fulfill their role as transducers of extracellular stimuli. New imaging technologies visualizing the active states of Rho proteins in living cells elucidated the necessity of precise spatiotemporal activation of the GTPases. The local regulation of Rho proteins is coordinated by the interaction with different guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that turn on and off GTPase signaling to downstream effectors. GEFs and GAPs thus serve as critical signaling nodes that specify the amplitude and duration of a particular Rho signaling pathway. Despite their importance in Rho regulation, the molecular aspects underlying the spatiotemporal control of the regulators themselves are still largely elusive. In this review we will focus on the Deleted in Liver Cancer (DLC) family of RhoGAP proteins and summarize the evidence gathered over the past years revealing their different subcellular localizations that might account for isoform-specific functions. We will also highlight the importance of their tightly controlled expression in the context of neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Braun
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is the developmental program that builds the ramified epithelial trees of various organs, including the airways of the lung, the collecting ducts of the kidney, and the ducts of the mammary and salivary glands. Even though the final geometries of epithelial trees are distinct, the molecular signaling pathways that control branching morphogenesis appear to be conserved across organs and species. However, despite this molecular homology, recent advances in cell lineage analysis and real-time imaging have uncovered surprising differences in the mechanisms that build these diverse tissues. Here, we review these studies and discuss the cellular and physical mechanisms that can contribute to branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Varner
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Harding MJ, McGraw HF, Nechiporuk A. The roles and regulation of multicellular rosette structures during morphogenesis. Development 2014; 141:2549-58. [PMID: 24961796 DOI: 10.1242/dev.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular rosettes have recently been appreciated as important cellular intermediates that are observed during the formation of diverse organ systems. These rosettes are polarized, transient epithelial structures that sometimes recapitulate the form of the adult organ. Rosette formation has been studied in various developmental contexts, such as in the zebrafish lateral line primordium, the vertebrate pancreas, the Drosophila epithelium and retina, as well as in the adult neural stem cell niche. These studies have revealed that the cytoskeletal rearrangements responsible for rosette formation appear to be conserved. By contrast, the extracellular cues that trigger these rearrangements in vivo are less well understood and are more diverse. Here, we review recent studies of the genetic regulation and cellular transitions involved in rosette formation. We discuss and compare specific models for rosette formation and highlight outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly J Harding
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hillary F McGraw
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alex Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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27
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Alpy F, Tomasetto C. START ships lipids across interorganelle space. Biochimie 2014; 96:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shih HP, Wang A, Sander M. Pancreas organogenesis: from lineage determination to morphogenesis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:81-105. [PMID: 23909279 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is an essential organ for proper nutrient metabolism and has both endocrine and exocrine function. In the past two decades, knowledge of how the pancreas develops during embryogenesis has significantly increased, largely from developmental studies in model organisms. Specifically, the molecular basis of pancreatic lineage decisions and cell differentiation is well studied. Still not well understood are the mechanisms governing three-dimensional morphogenesis of the organ. Strategies to derive transplantable β-cells in vitro for diabetes treatment have benefited from the accumulated knowledge of pancreas development. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of pancreatic lineage determination and organogenesis, and we examine future implications of these findings for treatment of diabetes mellitus through cell replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Ping Shih
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695;
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Zygmunt T, Spagnoli FM. RhoGAP control of pancreas development: putting cells in the right place at the right time. Small GTPases 2013; 4:127-31. [PMID: 23511849 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidences suggested that growth and differentiation of pancreatic cell lineages, including the insulin-producing β-cells, depend on proper tissue-architecture, epithelial remodeling and cell positioning within the branching pancreatic epithelium. We recently found that Rho GTPase and its regulator, Stard13 RhoGAP, coordinate morphogenesis with growth in the developing pancreas. Conditional mutation of Stard13 in the mouse pancreas hampers epithelial remodeling and distal tip domain formation, affecting proliferation and expansion of pancreatic progenitors. These defects eventually result in pancreatic hypoplasia at birth. Stard13 acts by regulating Rho signaling spatially and temporally during pancreas development. In line with this, pharmacological activation or inhibition of Rho mimics or rescues, respectively, the defects observed in Stard13-deficient embryos and pancreatic organ cultures. Furthermore, in the absence of Stard13 uninhibited Rho activity affects the actomyosin contractile network, disrupting its apical distribution and hampering coordinated cell-shape changes. These results unveil therefore the crucial role of actin cytoskeletal dynamics during the onset of pancreatic branching morphogenesis. Finally, our findings define a reciprocal interaction between the actin-MAL/SRF and the MAPK signaling to locally regulate progenitor cell proliferation in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Zygmunt
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Basis of Embryonic Development, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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