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Branch MC, Weber M, Li MY, Flora P, Ezhkova E. Overview of chromatin regulatory processes during surface ectodermal development and homeostasis. Dev Biol 2024; 515:30-45. [PMID: 38971398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The ectoderm is the outermost of the three germ layers of the early embryo that arise during gastrulation. Once the germ layers are established, the complex interplay of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and migration results in organogenesis. The ectoderm is the progenitor of both the surface ectoderm and the neural ectoderm. Notably, the surface ectoderm develops into the epidermis and its associated appendages, nails, external exocrine glands, olfactory epithelium, and the anterior pituitary. Specification, development, and homeostasis of these organs demand a tightly orchestrated gene expression program that is often dictated by epigenetic regulation. In this review, we discuss the recent discoveries that have highlighted the importance of chromatin regulatory mechanisms mediated by transcription factors, histone and DNA modifications that aid in the development of surface ectodermal organs and maintain their homeostasis post-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan C Branch
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madison Weber
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng-Yen Li
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Jin J, Du M, Ding D, Xuan R. CircRNA circ_0013339 Regulates the Progression of Colorectal Cancer Through miR-136-5p/SOX9 Axis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:2362-2380. [PMID: 37925667 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy. Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is associated with the progression of CRC. However, the role of circ_0013339 (hsa_circ_0013339) in CRC is still not clear. METHODS The levels of circ_0013339, miR-136-5p, and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) in CRC were gauged by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Colony formation and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used to measure cell viability. Western blot assay was performed to examine protein expression. The relationship between miR-136-5p and circ_0013339 or SOX9 was tested by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effect of sh-circ_0013339 on tumor growth in vivo was examined by xenograft experiments. RESULTS Circ_0013339 expression was elevated in CRC tissues and cells, and circ_0013339 knockdown diminished the growth of CRC cells. MiR-136-5p was regulated by circ_0013339. MiR-136-5p deficiency ameliorated the effects of circ_0013339 silencing on CRC cell malignant behaviors. Circ_0013339 modulated SOX9 expression through miR-136-5p. SOX9 addition reversed the effects of miR-136-5p overexpression on CRC cell behaviors. Moreover, silencing of circ_0013339 suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. CONCLUSION Circ_0013339 regulates the progression of CRC through miR-136-5p-dependent regulation of SOX9, uncovering a novel regulatory mechanism of circ_0013339 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University(The First People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China.
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University(The First People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Xuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University(The First People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
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Jiang Y, Cai Y, Yang N, Gao S, Li Q, Pang Y, Su P. Molecular mechanisms of spinal cord injury repair across vertebrates: A comparative review. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4552-4568. [PMID: 38978308 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In humans and other adult mammals, axon regeneration is difficult in axotomized neurons. Therefore, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that can lead to permanent loss of locomotor and sensory functions. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of axon regeneration in vertebrates are not very well understood, and currently, no effective treatment is available for SCI. In striking contrast to adult mammals, many nonmammalian vertebrates such as reptiles, amphibians, bony fishes and lampreys can spontaneously resume locomotion even after complete SCI. In recent years, rapid progress in the development of next-generation sequencing technologies has offered valuable information on SCI. In this review, we aimed to provide a comparison of axon regeneration process across classical model organisms, focusing on crucial genes and signalling pathways that play significant roles in the regeneration of individually identifiable descending neurons after SCI. Considering the special evolutionary location and powerful regenerative ability of lamprey and zebrafish, they will be the key model organisms for ongoing studies on spinal cord regeneration. Detailed study of SCI in these model organisms will help in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of neuron regeneration across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Cai
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Si Gao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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4
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Damuth DL, Cunningham DD, Silva EM. Sox21 homeologs autoregulate expression levels to control progression through neurogenesis. Genesis 2024; 62:e23612. [PMID: 39054872 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The SRY HMG box transcription factor Sox21 plays multiple critical roles in neurogenesis, with its function dependent on concentration and developmental stage. In the allotetraploid Xenopus laevis, there are two homeologs of sox21, namely sox21.S and sox21.L. Previous studies focused on Sox21.S, but its amino acid sequence is divergent, lacking conserved poly-A stretches and bearing more similarity with ancestral homologs. In contrast, Sox21.L shares higher sequence similarity with mouse and chick Sox21. To determine if Sox21.S and Sox21.L have distinct functions, we conducted gain and loss-of-function studies in Xenopus embryos. Our studies revealed that Sox21.S and Sox21.L are functionally redundant, but Sox21.L is more effective at driving changes than Sox21.S. These results also support our earlier findings in ectodermal explants, demonstrating that Sox21 function is dose-dependent. While Sox21 is necessary for primary neuron formation, high levels prevent their formation. Strikingly, these proteins autoregulate, with high levels of Sox21.L reducing sox21.S and sox21.L mRNA levels, and decreased Sox21.S promoting increased expression of sox21.L. Our findings shed light on the intricate concentration-dependent roles of Sox21 homeologs in Xenopus neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon L Damuth
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Elena M Silva
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Luo X, Huang W, Li S, Sun M, Hu D, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wu Z, Ji X, Liu D, Chen X, Zhang B, Liang H, Li Y, Liu B, Wang S, Xu X, Nie Y, Wu K, Fan D, Xia L. SOX12 Facilitates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Metastasis through Promoting Regulatory T-Cells Infiltration and Immunosuppression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2310304. [PMID: 39072947 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite the success of immunotherapy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HCC remains a severe threat to health. Here, a crucial transcription factor, SOX12, is revealed that induces the immunosuppression of liver tumor microenvironment. Overexpressing SOX12 in HCC syngeneic models increases intratumoral regulatory T-cell (Treg) infiltration, decreases CD8+T-cell infiltration, and hastens HCC metastasis. Hepatocyte-specific SOX12 knockout attenuates DEN/CCl4-induced HCC progression and metastasis, whereas hepatocyte-specific SOX12 knock-in accelerates these effects. Mechanistically, SOX12 transcriptionally activates C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22) expression to promote the recruitment and suppressive activity of Tregs. Moreover, SOX12 transcriptionally upregulates CD274 expression to suppress CD8+T-cell infiltration. Either knockdown of CCL22 or PD-L1 dampens SOX12-mediated HCC metastasis. Blocking of CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), a receptor for CCL22, by inhibitor C-021 or Treg-specific knockout of CCR4 inhibits SOX12-mediated HCC metastasis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/TGFβR1-Smad2/3/4 is identified as a key upstream signaling for SOX12 overexpression in HCC cells. Combining C-021 or TGFβR1 inhibitor galunisertib with anti-PD-L1 exhibits an enhanced antitumor effect in two HCC models. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that SOX12 contributes to HCC immunosuppression through the CCL22/CCR4-Treg and PD-L1-CD8+T axes. Blocking of CCR4 or TGFβR1 improves the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 in SOX12-mediated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Junqing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhangfan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Danfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bifeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China
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Mo M, LoBello L, Hassan Farah I, Agtang E, Ramos EL, Abdoli R, Santander Diaz L, Helena Schumann Ferreira L, Kokan N, Sadikot T, Sawa A, Arrigo C. Drosophila kikkawai - Sox102F. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001211. [PMID: 39100195 PMCID: PMC11297484 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The Drosophila kikkawai feature with NCBI Gene ID 108084518 was determined to be an ortholog of Drosophila melanogaster Sox102F , a member of the FlyBase High Mobility Group Box Transcription Factors gene group (FBgg0000748). Five isoforms were constructed using the GEP F element annotation protocol, the longest being novel isoform Sox102F-PNE (identified using the XM_017180752 RefSeq prediction and RNA-seq data). Among the isoforms found in both D. melanogaster and D. kikkawai , Sox102F-PB is the longest and exhibits a 1.18x coding span expansion due to transposable element insertion into an intron. All D. kikkawai protein isoforms contain the conserved domain HMG_box_dom (IPR009071).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Mo
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Larissa LoBello
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Elwin Agtang
- College of the Desert, Palm Desert, California, United States
| | - Edith Luz Ramos
- College of the Desert, Palm Desert, California, United States
| | - Reza Abdoli
- College of the Desert, Palm Desert, California, United States
| | | | | | - Nighat Kokan
- Biology, Lakeland University, Plymouth, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | - Alexa Sawa
- Biology, College of the Desert, Palm Desert, California, United States
| | - Cindy Arrigo
- Biology, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, New Jersey, United States
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Wang J, Nie H. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Sox gene family in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101244. [PMID: 38749209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Sox transcription factors are vital in numerous fundamental biological processes. In this study, nine Sox gene family members were discovered in the Ruditapes philippinarum genome, classified into the SoxB1, SoxB2, SoxC, SoxD, SoxE, and SoxF groups, marking the first genome-wide identification of this gene family in R. philippinarum. Analyses of phylogeny, exon-intron structures, and domains bolster the support for their categorization and annotation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses across various developmental stages revealed that RpSox4, RpSox5, RpSox9, and RpSox11 were significantly expressed in the D-larval stage. Additionally, investigations into transcriptomes of clams with different shell colors indicated that most sox genes exhibited their highest expression levels in orange clams, followed by zebra, white zebra, and white clams, and the results of transcriptomes analysis in different tissues indicated that 8 Sox genes (except RpSox17) were highly expressed in the mantle tissue. Moreover, qPCR was used to detect the expression of Sox gene in R. philippinarum at different developmental periods, different shell colors and different tissues, and the results showed consistency with those of the transcriptomes. This study's findings lay the groundwork for additional exploration into the role of the Sox gene in melanin production in R. philippinarum shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongtao Nie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Rupprecht J, Reiprich S, Baroti T, Christoph C, Sock E, Fröb F, Wegner M. Transcription Factors Sox2 and Sox3 Directly Regulate the Expression of Genes Involved in the Onset of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. Cells 2024; 13:935. [PMID: 38891067 PMCID: PMC11172379 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid information processing in the central nervous system requires the myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes. The transcription factor Sox2 and its close relative Sox3 redundantly regulate the development of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we characterized the expression profile of cultured oligodendroglial cells during early differentiation and identified Bcas1, Enpp6, Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 as major downregulated genes upon Sox2 and Sox3 deletion. An analysis of mice with oligodendrocyte-specific deletion of Sox2 and Sox3 validated all four genes as downstream targets in vivo. Additional functional assays identified regulatory regions in the vicinity of each gene that are responsive to and bind both Sox proteins. Bcas1, Enpp6, Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 therefore likely represent direct target genes and major effectors of Sox2 and Sox3. Considering the preferential expression and role of these genes in premyelinating oligodendrocytes, our findings suggest that Sox2 and Sox3 impact oligodendroglial development at the premyelinating stage with Bcas1, Enpp6, Zfp488 and Nkx2.2 as their major effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Li F, Chen S, Zhang T, Pan L, Liu C, Bian L. Gonadal Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Candidate Sex-Related Genes and Signaling Pathways in the East Asian Common Octopus, Octopus sinensis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:682. [PMID: 38927618 PMCID: PMC11202624 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The East Asian common octopus (Octopus sinensis) is an economically important species among cephalopods. This species exhibits a strict dioecious and allogamous reproductive strategy, along with a phenotypic sexual dimorphism, where the third right arm differentiates into hectocotylus in males. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie sex determination and differentiation in this species remains limited. In the present study, we surveyed gene-expression profiles in the immature male and female gonads of O. sinensis based on the RNA-seq, and a total of 47.83 Gb of high-quality data were generated. Compared with the testis, we identified 8302 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ovary, of which 4459 genes were up-regulated and 3843 genes were down-regulated. Based on the GO enrichment, many GO terms related to sex differentiation were identified, such as sex differentiation (GO: 0007548), sexual reproduction (GO: 0019953) and male sex differentiation (GO: 0046661). A KEGG classification analysis identified three conserved signaling pathways that related to sex differentiation, including the Wnt signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway and Notch signaling pathway. Additionally, 21 sex-related DEGs were selected, of which 13 DEGs were male-biased, including Dmrt1, Foxn5, Foxj1, Sox30, etc., and 8 DEGs were female-biased, including Sox14, Nanos3, β-tubulin, Suh, etc. Ten DEGs were used to verify the expression patterns in the testis and ovary using the RT-qPCR method, and the results showed that the expression level shown by RT-qPCR was consistent with that from the RNA-seq, which confirmed the reliability of the transcriptome data. The results presented in this study will not only contribute to our understanding of sex-formation mechanisms in O. sinensis but also provide the foundational information for further investigating the molecular mechanisms that underline its gonadal development and facilitate the sustainable development of octopus artificial breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Siqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China;
| | - Luying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Li Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.L.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
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10
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Liang J, Ul Hassan I, Yee Cheung M, Feng L, Lin YJ, Long Q, Wang C, Ding Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Guo D, Guo X, Chi Bun Wong T, Kaleem Samma M, Rong Z, Qi X, Cai D, Ngai SM, Zhao H. Mechanistic study of transcription factor Sox18 during heart development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 350:114472. [PMID: 38373462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Heart development is a delicate and complex process regulated by coordination of various signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of sox18 in heart development by modulating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways. Our spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that sox18 is mainly expressed in the heart, branchial arch, pharyngeal arch, spinal cord, and intersegmental vessels at the tailbud stage of Xenopus tropicalis embryo. Overexpression of sox18 in the X. tropicalis embryos causes heart edema, while loss-of-function of sox18 can change the signal of developmental heart marker gata4 at different stages, suggesting that sox18 plays an essential role in the development of the heart. Knockdown of SOX18 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells suggests a link between Sox18 and β-CATENIN, a key regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Sox18 negatively regulates islet1 and tbx3, the downstream factors of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling, during the linear heart tube formation and the heart looping stage. Taken together, our findings highlight the crucial role of Sox18 in the development of the heart via inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Imtiaz Ul Hassan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Yee Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Jyun Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Long
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuyue Ding
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziqing Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yulong Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Donghao Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Chi Bun Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muhammad Kaleem Samma
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zixin Rong
- Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Xufeng Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai-Ming Ngai
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Banerjee D, Bagchi S, Liu Z, Chou HC, Xu M, Sun M, Aloisi S, Vaksman Z, Diskin SJ, Zimmerman M, Khan J, Gryder B, Thiele CJ. Lineage specific transcription factor waves reprogram neuroblastoma from self-renewal to differentiation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3432. [PMID: 38653778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal regulation of super-enhancer (SE) driven transcription factors (TFs) underlies normal developmental programs. Neuroblastoma (NB) arises from an inability of sympathoadrenal progenitors to exit a self-renewal program and terminally differentiate. To identify SEs driving TF regulators, we use all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to induce NB growth arrest and differentiation. Time-course H3K27ac ChIP-seq and RNA-seq reveal ATRA coordinated SE waves. SEs that decrease with ATRA link to stem cell development (MYCN, GATA3, SOX11). CRISPR-Cas9 and siRNA verify SOX11 dependency, in vitro and in vivo. Silencing the SOX11 SE using dCAS9-KRAB decreases SOX11 mRNA and inhibits cell growth. Other TFs activate in sequential waves at 2, 4 and 8 days of ATRA treatment that regulate neural development (GATA2 and SOX4). Silencing the gained SOX4 SE using dCAS9-KRAB decreases SOX4 expression and attenuates ATRA-induced differentiation genes. Our study identifies oncogenic lineage drivers of NB self-renewal and TFs critical for implementing a differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Banerjee
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sukriti Bagchi
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hsien-Chao Chou
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Man Xu
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Aloisi
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | | | - Sharon J Diskin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Berkley Gryder
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Özçelikay-Akyıldız G, Ünal MA, Atakan Ş, Gülden S, Kızılelma B, Aydın S, Ozkan SA. Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor system for determination of autologous SOX2 antibody. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 241:115992. [PMID: 38277708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.115992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is mainly seen as the cancer type in the world. Lung cancer causes the death of many people. It is classified as large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and adenocarcinoma by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive type of cancer, accounting for approximately 20% of all cases. By performing the serological analysis of expression cDNA libraries (SEREX), the humoral immune response of SCLC patients is determined. SEREX of SCLC cell lines using pooled sera of SCLC patients led to the isolation of SOX2 genes. The between SOX2 antigen expression intensity and autologous antibody presence has a significant correlation because SOX2 is the main antigen eliciting anti-SOX responses. Electrochemical biosensors take much attention because of their simplicity, selectivity, and sensitivity in clinical analysis. Antibody-based surface recognizes antibody-specific antigens. This work aims to fabricate an immunosensor for determining autologous SOX2 antibodies using a multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified screen-printed electrode (DRP-MWCNT). All immobilization processes were evaluated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The critical parameters were optimized, such as EDC/NHS concentration and time, SOX2 protein concentration and incubation time, BSA ratio, BSA blocking time, and anti-SOX2 antibody incubation time. The developed immunosensor, under optimal conditions, shows a linear response of autologous SOX2 antibody between 0.005 ng.mL-1 and 0.1 ng.mL-1. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.001 and 0.004 ng.mL-1, respectively. The electrode morphologies were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Lastly, the developed immunosensor was applied to a synthetic serum sample, and the linear range was compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksu Özçelikay-Akyıldız
- Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara 06560, Türkiye.
| | | | - Şükrü Atakan
- Bilkent University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Seçil Gülden
- Bilkent University, Department of Neuroscience, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | | | | | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara 06560, Türkiye.
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13
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Sun N, Wang C, Gao P, Wang R, Zhang Y, Qi X. Multifaceted roles and functions of SOX30 in human cancer. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e107. [PMID: 38946929 PMCID: PMC11212289 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 30 (SOX30) participates in tumor cell apoptosis in lung cancer. The occurrence of somatic SOX30 mutations, the expression signature of SOX30 in normal and cancer tissues, the correlation of SOX30 with immune cells and immune-related genes, and the clinical significance of SOX30 in various cancers have stimulated interest in SOX30 as a potential cancer biomarker. SOX30 influences drug sensitivity and tumor immunity in specific cancer types. In this review, we have comprehensively summarized the latest research on the role of SOX30 in cancer by combining bioinformatics evidence and a literature review. We summarize recent research on SOX30 in cancer regarding somatic mutations, trials, transcriptome analysis, clinical information, and SOX30-mediated regulation of malignant phenotypes. Additionally, we report on the diagnostic value of SOX30 mRNA expression levels across different cancer types. This review on the role of SOX30 in cancer progression may provide insights into possible research directions for SOX30 in cancer and a theoretical basis for guiding future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe Southwest Hospital of Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe Southwest Hospital of Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Pingping Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe Southwest Hospital of Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe Southwest Hospital of Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe Southwest Hospital of Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryThe Southwest Hospital of Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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14
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Liu F, Zhao Y, Pei Y, Lian F, Lin H. Role of the NF-kB signalling pathway in heterotopic ossification: biological and therapeutic significance. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:159. [PMID: 38439078 PMCID: PMC10910758 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological process in which ectopic bone develops in soft tissues within the skeletal system. Endochondral ossification can be divided into the following types of acquired and inherited ossification: traumatic HO (tHO) and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling is essential during HO. NF-κB signalling can drive initial inflammation through interactions with the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In the chondrogenesis stage, NF-κB signalling can promote chondrogenesis through interactions with mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) and other molecules, including R-spondin 2 (Rspo2) and SRY-box 9 (Sox9). NF-κB expression can modulate osteoblast differentiation by upregulating secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and interacting with mTOR signalling, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling or integrin-mediated signalling under stretch stimulation in the final osteogenic stage. In FOP, mutated ACVR1-induced NF-κB signalling exacerbates inflammation in macrophages and can promote chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through interactions with smad signalling and mTOR signalling. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of NF-κB signalling during HO and highlights potential therapeutics for treating HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Yike Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Yiran Pei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Fengyu Lian
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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15
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Seo Y, Kim DK, Park J, Park SJ, Park JJ, Cheon JH, Kim TI. A Comprehensive Understanding of Post-Translational Modification of Sox2 via Acetylation and O-GlcNAcylation in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1035. [PMID: 38473392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the pluripotency-associated transcription factor Sox2 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the regulatory roles of major post-translational modifications in Sox2 using two CRC cell lines, SW480 and SW620, derived from the same patient but with low and high Sox2 expression, respectively. Acetylation of K75 in the Sox2 nuclear export signal was relatively increased in SW480 cells and promotes Sox2 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and proteasomal degradation of Sox2. LC-MS-based proteomics analysis identified HDAC4 and p300 as binding partners involved in the acetylation-mediated control of Sox2 expression in the nucleus. Sox2 K75 acetylation is mediated by the acetyltransferase activity of CBP/p300 and ACSS3. In SW620 cells, HDAC4 deacetylates K75 and is regulated by miR29a. O-GlcNAcylation on S246, in addition to K75 acetylation, also regulates Sox2 stability. These findings provide insights into the regulation of Sox2 through multiple post-translational modifications and pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojeong Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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16
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Tang Q, Zhang Y, Yue L, Ren H, Pan C. Ssc-miR-429 expression proliles and functions on inducing Leydig cells apoptosis. Theriogenology 2024; 216:62-68. [PMID: 38157808 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Leydig cells (LCs) play an indispensable role in testosterone synthesis, and their dysfunction can result in male reproductive disorders. Previous transcriptome sequencing revealed differential expression of MicroRNA-429 (miR-429) in both Leydig stem cells (SLCs) and LCs, indicating its potential regulatory function in LCs. In this study, we examined the expression of miR-429 in seven pig tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, testis, epididymis, brain) and investigated its impact on the proliferation and apoptosis of testicular interstitial cells using various techniques such as CCK-8, EdU, TUNEL, Western blot, among others. The results demonstrated that miR-429 exhibited lower expression levels in the testis, particularly in the LCs of testicular tissue. Upon upregulation of miR-429, TM3 cell density significantly increased, while downregulation led to a slight elevation in cell density. Further research indicated that the observed phenotype was due to miR-429-induced cell apoptosis, independent of cell proliferation. Additionally, a dual-luciferase reporter system revealed no targeting relationship between miR-429 and the predicted target genes (BMI1 and SOX5). Previous reports confirm Bcl2 as a known target of miR-429, leading us to hypothesize that miR-429 diminishes LCs' anti-apoptotic capability by inhibiting Bcl2. In summary, our findings suggest that miR-429 may induce LC apoptosis, supporting its potential as a biomarker for male reproductive disorders linked to Leydig cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yanghai Zhang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Linxiu Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Hongying Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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17
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Molin AN, Contentin R, Angelozzi M, Karvande A, Kc R, Haseeb A, Voskamp C, de Charleroy C, Lefebvre V. Skeletal growth is enhanced by a shared role for SOX8 and SOX9 in promoting reserve chondrocyte commitment to columnar proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316969121. [PMID: 38346197 PMCID: PMC10895259 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316969121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
SOX8 was linked in a genome-wide association study to human height heritability, but roles in chondrocytes for this close relative of the master chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 remain unknown. We undertook here to fill this knowledge gap. High-throughput assays demonstrate expression of human SOX8 and mouse Sox8 in growth plate cartilage. In situ assays show that Sox8 is expressed at a similar level as Sox9 in reserve and early columnar chondrocytes and turned off when Sox9 expression peaks in late columnar and prehypertrophic chondrocytes. Sox8-/- mice and Sox8fl/flPrx1Cre and Sox9fl/+Prx1Cre mice (inactivation in limb skeletal cells) have a normal or near normal skeletal size. In contrast, juvenile and adult Sox8fl/flSox9fl/+Prx1Cre compound mutants exhibit a 15 to 20% shortening of long bones. Their growth plate reserve chondrocytes progress slowly toward the columnar stage, as witnessed by a delay in down-regulating Pthlh expression, in packing in columns and in elevating their proliferation rate. SOX8 or SOX9 overexpression in chondrocytes reveals not only that SOX8 can promote growth plate cell proliferation and differentiation, even upon inactivation of endogenous Sox9, but also that it is more efficient than SOX9, possibly due to greater protein stability. Altogether, these findings uncover a major role for SOX8 and SOX9 in promoting skeletal growth by stimulating commitment of growth plate reserve chondrocytes to actively proliferating columnar cells. Further, by showing that SOX8 is more chondrogenic than SOX9, they suggest that SOX8 could be preferred over SOX9 in therapies to promote cartilage formation or regeneration in developmental and degenerative cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud N. Molin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Romain Contentin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Chantal Voskamp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Charles de Charleroy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
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18
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Sajewicz-Radtke U, Łada-Maśko A, Lipowska M, Radtke BM, Lipska-Ziętkiewicz BS, Krempla-Patron K. The role of multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic model of care in Lamb-Shaffer syndrome - case report. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00838-3. [PMID: 38340286 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This case study illustrates a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic model of care for a 7-year-old male with Lamb-Shaffer syndrome (LAMSHF). LAMSHF is an ultra-rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by heterozygous alterations in the SOX5 gene. An integrative model of therapy of cognitive functions and speech is described. The presented approach allows the development of language competences through stimulation of basic cognitive functions, which allows the learning of the abstract rules of an inflected language. A surprising, unexpected improvement in the cognitive functioning of the child was observed (both in terms of reasoning and speech), as well as an increase in his independence. The clinically important problem of the need for continued stimulation of cognitive development, in spite of the unfavourable prognosis associated with LAMSHF, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariadna Łada-Maśko
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 8 Street, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Lipowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 8 Street, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartosz M Radtke
- Laboratory of Psychological and Educational Tests, Gdańsk, Poland
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19
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Nakamura K, Watanabe Y, Boitet C, Satake S, Iida H, Yoshihi K, Ishii Y, Kato K, Kondoh H. Wnt signal-dependent antero-posterior specification of early-stage CNS primordia modeled in EpiSC-derived neural stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1260528. [PMID: 38405136 PMCID: PMC10884098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1260528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The specification of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) into future brain (forebrain, midbrain, or hindbrain) and spinal cord (SC) regions is a critical step of CNS development. A previous chicken embryo study indicated that anterior epiblast cells marked by Sox2 N2 enhancer activity are specified to the respective brain regions during the transition phase of the epiblast to the neural plate-forming neural primordium. The present study showed that the SC precursors positioned posterior to the hindbrain precursors in the anterior epiblast migrated posteriorly in contrast to the anterior migration of brain precursors. The anteroposterior specification of the CNS precursors occurs at an analogous time (∼E7.5) in mouse embryos, in which an anterior-to-posterior incremental gradient of Wnt signal strength was observed. To examine the possible Wnt signal contribution to the anteroposterior CNS primordium specification, we utilized mouse epiblast stem cell (EpiSC)-derived neurogenesis in culture. EpiSCs maintained in an activin- and FGF2-containing medium start neural development after the removal of activin, following a day in a transitory state. We placed activin-free EpiSCs in EGF- and FGF2-containing medium to arrest neural development and expand the cells into neural stem cells (NSCs). Simultaneously, a Wnt antagonist or agonist was added to the culture, with the anticipation that different levels of Wnt signals would act on the transitory cells to specify CNS regionality; then, the Wnt-treated cells were expanded as NSCs. Gene expression profiles of six NSC lines were analyzed using microarrays and single-cell RNA-seq. The NSC lines demonstrated anteroposterior regional specification in response to increasing Wnt signal input levels: forebrain-midbrain-, hindbrain-, cervical SC-, and thoracic SC-like lines. The regional coverage of these NSC lines had a range; for instance, the XN1 line expressed Otx2 and En2, indicating midbrain characteristics, but additionally expressed the SC-characteristic Hoxa5. The ranges in the anteroposterior specification of neural primordia may be narrowed as neural development proceeds. The thoracic SC is presumably the posterior limit of the contribution by anterior epiblast-derived neural progenitors, as the characteristics of more posterior SC regions were not displayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Nakamura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusaku Watanabe
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Claire Boitet
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine Universitaire, Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France
| | - Sayaka Satake
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iida
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koya Yoshihi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ishii
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kagayaki Kato
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisato Kondoh
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Jiang J, Wang Y, Sun M, Luo X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li S, Hu D, Zhang J, Wu Z, Chen X, Zhang B, Xu X, Wang S, Xu S, Huang W, Xia L. SOX on tumors, a comfort or a constraint? Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:67. [PMID: 38331879 PMCID: PMC10853543 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) family, composed of 20 transcription factors, is a conserved family with a highly homologous HMG domain. Due to their crucial role in determining cell fate, the dysregulation of SOX family members is closely associated with tumorigenesis, including tumor invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and drug resistance. Despite considerable research to investigate the mechanisms and functions of the SOX family, confusion remains regarding aspects such as the role of the SOX family in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and contradictory impacts the SOX family exerts on tumors. This review summarizes the physiological function of the SOX family and their multiple roles in tumors, with a focus on the relationship between the SOX family and TIME, aiming to propose their potential role in cancer and promising methods for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhangfan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake university school of medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Barbosa S, Laureano NK, Hadiwikarta WW, Visioli F, Bonrouhi M, Pajdzik K, Conde-Lopez C, Herold-Mende C, Eidt G, Langie R, Lamers ML, Stögbauer F, Hess J, Kurth I, Jou A. The Role of SOX2 and SOX9 in Radioresistance and Tumor Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:439. [PMID: 38275880 PMCID: PMC10814462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits considerable variability in patient outcome. It has been reported that SOX2 plays a role in proliferation, tumor growth, drug resistance, and metastasis in a variety of cancer types. Additionally, SOX9 has been implicated in immune tolerance and treatment failures. SOX2 and SOX9 induce treatment failure by a molecular mechanism that has not yet been elucidated. This study explores the inverse association of SOX2/SOX9 and their distinct expression in tumors, influencing the tumor microenvironment and radiotherapy responses. Through public RNA sequencing data, human biopsy samples, and knockdown cellular models, we explored the effects of inverted SOX2 and SOX9 expression. We found that patients expressing SOX2LowSOX9High showed decreased survival compared to SOX2HighSOX9Low. A survival analysis of patients stratified by radiotherapy and human papillomavirus brings additional clinical relevance. We identified a gene set signature comprising newly discovered candidate genes resulting from inverted SOX2/SOX9 expression. Moreover, the TGF-β pathway emerges as a significant predicted contributor to the overexpression of these candidate genes. In vitro findings reveal that silencing SOX2 enhances tumor radioresistance, while SOX9 silencing enhances radiosensitivity. These discoveries lay the groundwork for further studies on the therapeutic potential of transcription factors in optimizing HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbosa
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalia Koerich Laureano
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-004, RS, Brazil
| | - Wahyu Wijaya Hadiwikarta
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-004, RS, Brazil
| | - Mahnaz Bonrouhi
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kinga Pajdzik
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Conde-Lopez
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Eidt
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renan Langie
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-004, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabian Stögbauer
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Germany and Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Jou
- Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Pontifícial Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil
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22
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Kondoh H. Enhancer Activation by Transcription Factors and Underlying Mechanisms. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 72:167-191. [PMID: 38509258 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Enhancers are classified into two classes based on various criteria. Class I enhancers participate primarily in finely tuned cell-specific regulation, as exemplified by the neural enhancers discussed in Chap. 9 . They are activated by simultaneous binding of transcription factors (TFs) to adjacent sites in the core sequence and are marked by moderate levels of H3K27ac modification. Class II enhancers are activated by the reiterated binding of the same TFs at multiple sites and are marked by high levels of H3K27ac modification. Class II enhancers are exemplified by enhancers in the SCR downstream of the Sox2 gene, as also discussed in Chap. 9 . Both classes of enhancers activate transcription similarly with low selectivity toward the promoters.The genomic loci broadly covered by high-level H3K27ac modification were once dubbed "Super-enhancers," implying that they are densely packed enhancers with superpowers in gene regulation. However, marking with H3K27ac modification does not predict the enhancer activity of a sequence; a "Super enhancer" region includes a few ordinary Class II enhancers. Currently, the most reliable criterion for enhancer prediction is cross-species sequence conservation.The mechanism by which transcription factors find and stay on the target enhancer site remains elusive. Results from two approaches, single-molecule live imaging and kinetic analysis using FRAP, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kondoh
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Fatima N, Saif Ur Rahman M, Qasim M, Ali Ashfaq U, Ahmed U, Masoud MS. Transcriptional Factors Mediated Reprogramming to Pluripotency. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:367-388. [PMID: 37073151 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230417084518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
A unique kind of pluripotent cell, i.e., Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), now being targeted for iPSC synthesis, are produced by reprogramming animal and human differentiated cells (with no change in genetic makeup for the sake of high efficacy iPSCs formation). The conversion of specific cells to iPSCs has revolutionized stem cell research by making pluripotent cells more controllable for regenerative therapy. For the past 15 years, somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency with force expression of specified factors has been a fascinating field of biomedical study. For that technological primary viewpoint reprogramming method, a cocktail of four transcription factors (TF) has required: Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), four-octamer binding protein 34 (OCT3/4), MYC and SOX2 (together referred to as OSKM) and host cells. IPS cells have great potential for future tissue replacement treatments because of their ability to self-renew and specialize in all adult cell types, although factor-mediated reprogramming mechanisms are still poorly understood medically. This technique has dramatically improved performance and efficiency, making it more useful in drug discovery, disease remodeling, and regenerative medicine. Moreover, in these four TF cocktails, more than 30 reprogramming combinations were proposed, but for reprogramming effectiveness, only a few numbers have been demonstrated for the somatic cells of humans and mice. Stoichiometry, a combination of reprogramming agents and chromatin remodeling compounds, impacts kinetics, quality, and efficiency in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazira Fatima
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Ahmed
- EMBL Partnership Institute for Genome Editing Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Muhammad Shareef Masoud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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24
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Ye P, Gu R, Zhu H, Chen J, Han F, Nie X. SOX family transcription factors as therapeutic targets in wound healing: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127243. [PMID: 37806414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The SOX family plays a vital role in determining the fate of cells and has garnered attention in the fields of cancer research and regenerative medicine. It also shows promise in the study of wound healing, as it actively participates in the healing processes of various tissues such as skin, fractures, tendons, and the cornea. However, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the SOX family's involvement in wound healing is limited compared to its role in cancer. Gaining insight into its role, distribution, interaction with other factors, and modifications in traumatized tissues could provide valuable new knowledge about wound healing. Based on current research, SOX2, SOX7, and SOX9 are the most promising members of the SOX family for future interventions in wound healing. SOX2 and SOX9 promote the renewal of cells, while SOX7 enhances the microvascular environment. The SOX family holds significant potential for advancing wound healing research. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research advancements and therapeutic tools related to the SOX family in wound healing, as well as the potential benefits and challenges of targeting the SOX family for wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ye
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Rifang Gu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; School Medical Office, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jitao Chen
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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25
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Zheng L, Han Z, Luo D, Li J, Pang N, Ding M, Ye H, Zhu K, Yao Y. IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α regulation of the chondrocyte phenotype: a possible mechanism of haemophilic cartilage destruction. Hematology 2023; 28:2179867. [PMID: 36799502 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2179867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proinflammatory cytokines are considered to be one of the key causes of haemophilic cartilage destruction by inducing chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation. However, few studies have focused on how proinflammatory cytokines regulate the phenotypic changes of chondrocytes, which may be an important factor in haemophilic cartilage degradation pathogenesis. More understanding is needed about the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on phenotypic changes of the chondrocyte. The objective of this study was to examine how IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β regulate the chondrocyte phenotype, which may be an important factor in haemophilic cartilage degradation pathogenesis. METHODS HUM-iCell-s018 chondrocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 or IL-1β (0, 1, 5, 10 ng/ml) for 24 h, then FGF23 and SOX9 expression was determined by qRT-PCR and WB, respectively. RESULTS We found that TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β induced FGF23 and suppressed SOX9 expression in chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. IL-1β had a stronger regulatory effect on FGF23, while TNF-α and IL-6 had stronger regulatory effects on SOX9. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α may be involved in haemophilic cartilage destruction pathogenesis by altering the chondrocyte phenotype through modulation of FGF23 and SOX9 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujie Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dasheng Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanyu Pang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Houlong Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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26
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von Schalburg KR, Gowen BE, Christensen KA, Ignatz EH, Hall JR, Rise ML. The late-evolving salmon and trout join the GnRH1 club. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:517-539. [PMID: 37566258 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that the whitefish, an ancient salmonid, expresses three distinct gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) forms in the brain, it has been thought that the later-evolving salmonids (salmon and trout) had only two types of GnRH: GnRH2 and GnRH3. We now provide evidence for the expression of GnRH1 in the gonads of Atlantic salmon by rapid amplification of cDNA ends, real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. We examined six different salmonid genomes and found that each assembly has one gene that likely encodes a viable GnRH1 prepropeptide. In contrast to both functional GnRH2 and GnRH3 paralogs, the GnRH1 homeolog can no longer express the hormone. Furthermore, the viable salmonid GnRH1 mRNA is composed of only three exons, rather than the four exons that build the GnRH2 and GnRH3 mRNAs. Transcribed gnrh1 is broadly expressed (in 17/18 tissues examined), with relative abundance highest in the ovaries. Expression of the gnrh2 and gnrh3 mRNAs is more restricted, primarily to the brain, and not in the gonads. The GnRH1 proximal promoter presents composite binding elements that predict interactions with complexes that contain diverse cell fate and differentiation transcription factors. We provide immunological evidence for GnRH1 peptide in the nucleus of 1-year-old type A spermatogonia and cortical alveoli oocytes. GnRH1 peptide was not detected during other germ cell or reproductive stages. GnRH1 activity in the salmonid gonad may occur only during early stages of development and play a key role in a regulatory network that controls mitotic and/or meiotic processes within the germ cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian R von Schalburg
- Department of Biology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada.
| | - Brent E Gowen
- Department of Biology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Kris A Christensen
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Eric H Ignatz
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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Li C, Cheng B, Yang X, Tong G, Wang F, Li M, Wang X, Wang S. SOX8 promotes tumor growth and metastasis through FZD6-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22586. [PMID: 38046159 PMCID: PMC10686890 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX8 plays an important role in several physiological processes. Its expression is negatively associated with overall survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC), suggesting SOX8 is a potential prognostic factor for this disease. However, the role of SOX8 in CRC remains largely unknown. In this study, our data showed that SOX8 expression was upregulated in CRC cell lines and tumor tissues. Stable knockdown of SOX8 in CRC cell lines dramatically reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the knockdown of SOX8 decreased the phospho-GSK3β level and suppressed Frizzled-6 (FZD6) transcription; restoration of FZD6 expression partially abolished the effect of SOX8 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promote CRC cell proliferation. In conclusion, our findings suggested that SOX8 served as an oncogene in CRC through the activation of FZD6-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Boran Cheng
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Gangling Tong
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Mengqing Li
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
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28
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Liu G, Zhu G, Wu X, Tang Z, Shao W, Wang M, Xia H, Sun Q, Yan M. Thy-1 knockdown promotes the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3805-3815. [PMID: 37786319 PMCID: PMC10718136 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are newly developed seed cells for tissue engineering owing to their easy isolation, abundance and high growth rates. Thy-1 is an important regulatory molecule in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we investigated the function of Thy-1 in the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs by reducing the expression of Thy-1 using a lentivirus. The results demonstrated that Thy-1 knockdown promoted the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs in vitro. Validation by RNA-seq revealed an obvious decrease in Vcam1 and Sox9 gene expression with Thy-1 knockdown. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the Wnt signalling pathway. We further demonstrated that Thy-1 knockdown promoted osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Therefore, Thy-1 has a key regulatory role in the differentiation of GMSCs and maybe a core molecule connecting transcription factors related to the differentiation of MSCs. Our study also highlighted the potential of Thy-1 to modify MSCs, which may help improve their use in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital and School of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital and School of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Quan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Center for Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry, Optics Valley Branch, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
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29
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Stojceski F, Buetti-Dinh A, Stoddart MJ, Danani A, Della Bella E, Grasso G. Influence of dexamethasone on the interaction between glucocorticoid receptor and SOX9: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108587. [PMID: 37579519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a nuclear receptor that controls critical biological processes by regulating the transcription of specific genes. GR transcriptional activity is modulated by a series of ligands and coenzymes, where a ligand can act as an agonist or antagonist. GR agonists, such as the glucocorticoids dexamethasone (DEX) and prednisolone, are widely prescribed to patients with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. DEX is also used to induce osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Recently, it has been highlighted that DEX induces changes in the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells by downregulating the transcription factor SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and upregulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG). SOX9 is fundamental in the control of chondrogenesis, but also in osteogenesis by acting as a dominant-negative of RUNX2. Many processes remain to be clarified during cell fate determination, such as the interplay between the key transcription factors. The main objective pursued by this work is to shed light on the interaction between GR and SOX9 in the presence and absence of DEX at an atomic level of resolution using molecular dynamics simulations. The outcome of this research could help the understanding of possible molecular interactions between GR and SOX9 and their role in the determination of cell fate. The results highlight the key residues at the interface between GR and SOX9 involved in the complexation process and shed light on the mechanism through which DEX modulates GR-SOX9 binding and exerts its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Stojceski
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence USI-SUPSI Polo universitario Lugano - Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Buetti-Dinh
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence USI-SUPSI Polo universitario Lugano - Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Danani
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence USI-SUPSI Polo universitario Lugano - Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Elena Della Bella
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
| | - Gianvito Grasso
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence USI-SUPSI Polo universitario Lugano - Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland.
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30
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Simmons Beck R, Liang OD, Klinger JR. Light at the ENDothelium-role of Sox17 and Runx1 in endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1274033. [PMID: 38028440 PMCID: PMC10656768 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1274033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that is characterized by an obliterative vasculopathy of the distal pulmonary circulation. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology, currently approved medical therapies for PAH act primarily as pulmonary vasodilators and fail to address the underlying processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease. Endothelial dysregulation in response to stress, injury or physiologic stimuli followed by perivascular infiltration of immune cells plays a prominent role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of PAH. Over the last few decades, our understanding of endothelial cell dysregulation has evolved and brought to light a number of transcription factors that play important roles in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. In this review, we examine two such factors, SOX17 and one of its downstream targets, RUNX1 and the emerging data that implicate their roles in the pathogenesis of PAH. We review their discovery and discuss their function in angiogenesis and lung vascular development including their roles in endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and their ability to drive progenitor stem cells toward an endothelial or myeloid fate. We also summarize the data from studies that link mutations in Sox17 with an increased risk of developing PAH and studies that implicate Sox17 and Runx1 in the pathogenesis of PAH. Finally, we review the results of recent studies from our lab demonstrating the efficacy of preventing and reversing pulmonary hypertension in animal models of PAH by deleting RUNX1 expression in endothelial or myeloid cells or by the use of RUNX1 inhibitors. By investigating PAH through the lens of SOX17 and RUNX1 we hope to shed light on the role of these transcription factors in vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysregulation, their contribution to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets for treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Simmons Beck
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Olin D. Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - James R. Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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31
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Nishimura Y, Ryo E, Inoue S, Kawazu M, Ueno T, Namikawa K, Takahashi A, Ogata D, Yoshida A, Yamazaki N, Mano H, Yatabe Y, Mori T. Strategic Approach to Heterogeneity Analysis of Cutaneous Adnexal Carcinomas Using Computational Pathology and Genomics. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100229. [PMID: 37965425 PMCID: PMC10641284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous adnexal tumors are neoplasms that arise from skin appendages. Their morphologic diversity and phenotypic variability with rare progression to malignancy make them difficult to diagnose and classify, and there is currently no established treatment strategy. To overcome these difficulties, this study investigated the transcription factor SOX9 expression, morphology, and genetics of skin adnexal tumors for understanding their biology, especially their histogenesis. We showed that cutaneous adnexal tumors and their nontumor counterparts of skin and appendages exhibit expression patterns similar to that of SOX9. Its expression intensity and pattern, as well as histopathologic evaluation of tumors, were analyzed using digital images of 69 normal skin adnexal 9-type organs and 185 skin adnexal 29-type tumors as references. It was possible to distinguish basal cell carcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, and pilomatrixoma with significant differences, along with porocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, unsupervised machine learning "computational pathology" was used to derive a multiregion whole-exome sequencing fusion method termed "genocomputed pathology." The genocomputed pathology of three representable adnexal carcinomas (porocarcinoma, hidradenocarcinoma, and spiradenocarcinoma) was evaluated for total nine cases. We showed that there was more heterogeneity than expected within the tumors as well as the coexistence of components lacking driver fusion genes. The presence or absence of potential driver genes, such as PIK3CA, YAP1, and PTEN, in each region was identified, highlighting a therapeutic strategy for cutaneous adnexal carcinoma encompassing heterogeneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Nishimura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijitsu Ryo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawazu
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ueno
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Namikawa
- Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Ogata
- Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Krokidis MG, Vrahatis AG, Lazaros K, Skolariki K, Exarchos TP, Vlamos P. Machine Learning Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Data across Cortex and Hippocampus Regions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8652-8669. [PMID: 37998721 PMCID: PMC10670182 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized our understanding of complex diseases, with Alzheimer's disease being a prime example. Single-cell sequencing, currently the most suitable technology, facilitates profoundly detailed disease analysis at the cellular level. Prior research has established that the pathology of Alzheimer's disease varies across different brain regions and cell types. In parallel, only machine learning has the capacity to address the myriad challenges presented by such studies, where the integration of large-scale data and numerous experiments is required to extract meaningful knowledge. Our methodology utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing data from healthy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) samples, focused on the cortex and hippocampus regions in mice. We designed three distinct case studies and implemented an ensemble feature selection approach through machine learning, also performing an analysis of distinct age-related datasets to unravel age-specific effects, showing differential gene expression patterns within each condition. Important evidence was reported, such as enrichment in central nervous system development and regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation between the hippocampus and cortex of 6-month-old AD mice as well as regulation of epinephrine secretion and dendritic spine morphogenesis in 15-month-old AD mice. Our outcomes from all three of our case studies illustrate the capacity of machine learning strategies when applied to single-cell data, revealing critical insights into Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G. Krokidis
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (A.G.V.); (K.L.); (K.S.); (T.P.E.); (P.V.)
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33
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Palominos MF, Muhl V, Richards EJ, Miller CT, Martin CH. Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231686. [PMID: 37876194 PMCID: PMC10598438 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of novel adaptations in new species is a fundamental question in biology. Here we demonstrate a new role for galr2 in vertebrate craniofacial development using an adaptive radiation of trophic specialist pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We confirmed the loss of a putative Sry transcription factor binding site upstream of galr2 in scale-eating pupfish and found significant spatial differences in galr2 expression among pupfish species in Meckel's cartilage using in situ hybridization chain reaction (HCR). We then experimentally demonstrated a novel role for Galr2 in craniofacial development by exposing embryos to Garl2-inhibiting drugs. Galr2-inhibition reduced Meckel's cartilage length and increased chondrocyte density in both trophic specialists but not in the generalist genetic background. We propose a mechanism for jaw elongation in scale-eaters based on the reduced expression of galr2 due to the loss of a putative Sry binding site. Fewer Galr2 receptors in the scale-eater Meckel's cartilage may result in their enlarged jaw lengths as adults by limiting opportunities for a circulating Galr2 agonist to bind to these receptors during development. Our findings illustrate the growing utility of linking candidate adaptive SNPs in non-model systems with highly divergent phenotypes to novel vertebrate gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernanda Palominos
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vanessa Muhl
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emilie J. Richards
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Craig T. Miller
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christopher H. Martin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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34
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Gallego-Zazo N, Miranda-Alcaraz L, Cruz-Utrilla A, del Cerro Marín MJ, Álvarez-Fuente M, del Mar Rodríguez Vázquez del Rey M, Guillén Rodríguez I, Becerra-Munoz VM, Moya-Bonora A, Ochoa Parra N, Parra A, Pascual P, Cazalla M, Silván C, Arias P, Valverde D, de Jesús-Pérez V, Lapunzina P, Escribano-Subías P, Tenorio-Castano J. Seven Additional Patients with SOX17 Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1965. [PMID: 37895315 PMCID: PMC10606077 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an infrequent disorder characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. It may lead to premature death or the requirement for lung and/or heart transplantation. Genetics plays an important and increasing role in the diagnosis of PAH. Here, we report seven additional patients with variants in SOX17 and a review of sixty previously described patients in the literature. Patients described in this study suffered with additional conditions including large septal defects, as described by other groups. Collectively, sixty-seven PAH patients have been reported so far with variants in SOX17, including missense and loss-of-function (LoF) variants. The majority of the loss-of-function variants found in SOX17 were detected in the last exon of the gene. Meanwhile, most missense variants were located within exon one, suggesting a probable tolerated change at the amino terminal part of the protein. In addition, we reported two idiopathic PAH patients presenting with the same variant previously detected in five patients by other studies, suggesting a possible hot spot. Research conducted on PAH associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) indicated that variants in SOX17 might be particularly prevalent in this subgroup, as two out of our seven additional patients presented with CHD. Further research is still necessary to clarify the precise association between the biological pathway of SOX17 and the development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gallego-Zazo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Lucía Miranda-Alcaraz
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Alejandro Cruz-Utrilla
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (N.O.P.); (P.E.-S.)
- ERN-LUNG, European Reference Network on Rare Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Hypertension), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Jesús del Cerro Marín
- Unidad de Hipertensión Pulmonar Pediátrica, Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Irycis), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.d.C.M.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | - María Álvarez-Fuente
- Unidad de Hipertensión Pulmonar Pediátrica, Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Irycis), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.d.C.M.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | | | | | - Victor Manuel Becerra-Munoz
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Área del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Amparo Moya-Bonora
- Unidad de Cardiología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nuria Ochoa Parra
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (N.O.P.); (P.E.-S.)
- ERN-LUNG, European Reference Network on Rare Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Hypertension), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Parra
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Pascual
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Mario Cazalla
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Cristina Silván
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pedro Arias
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Diana Valverde
- Centro de Investigación en Nonomateriais e Biomedicina (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Vinicio de Jesús-Pérez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pilar Escribano-Subías
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (N.O.P.); (P.E.-S.)
- ERN-LUNG, European Reference Network on Rare Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Hypertension), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
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Warman-Chardon J, Hartley T, Marshall AE, McBride A, Couse M, Macdonald W, Mann MRW, Bourque PR, Breiner A, Lochmüller H, Woulfe J, Sampaio ML, Melkus G, Brais B, Dyment DA, Boycott KM, Kernohan K. Biallelic SOX8 Variants Associated With Novel Syndrome With Myopathy, Skeletal Deformities, Intellectual Disability, and Ovarian Dysfunction. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200088. [PMID: 38235364 PMCID: PMC10508790 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The human genome contains ∼20,000 genes, each of which has its own set of complex regulatory systems to govern precise expression in each developmental stage and cell type. Here, we report a female patient with congenital weakness, respiratory failure, skeletal dysplasia, contractures, short stature, intellectual delay, respiratory failure, and amenorrhea who presented to Medical Genetics service with no known cause for her condition. Methods Whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing were conducted, as well as investigational functional studies to assess the effect of SOX8 variant. Results The patient was found to have biallelic SOX8 variants (NM_014587.3:c.422+5G>C; c.583dup p.(His195ProfsTer11)). SOX8 is a transcriptional regulator, which is predicted to be imprinted (expressed from only one parental allele), but this has not yet been confirmed. We provide evidence that while SOX8 was maternally expressed in adult-derived fibroblasts and lymphoblasts, it was biallelically expressed in other cell types and therefore suggest that biallelic variants are associated with this recessive condition. Functionally, we showed that the paternal variant had the capacity to affect mRNA splicing while the maternal variant resulted in low levels of a truncated protein, which showed decreased binding at and altered expression of SOX8 targets. Discussion Our findings associate SOX8 variants with this novel condition, highlight how complex genome regulation can complicate novel disease-gene identification, and provide insight into the molecular pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Warman-Chardon
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aren Elizabeth Marshall
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Arran McBride
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Madeline Couse
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - William Macdonald
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mellissa R W Mann
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pierre R Bourque
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ari Breiner
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marcos Loreto Sampaio
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David A Dyment
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristin Kernohan
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
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Hu H, Ho D, Tan DS, MacCarthy C, Yu CH, Weng M, Schöler H, Jauch R. Evaluation of the determinants for improved pluripotency induction and maintenance by engineered SOX17. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8934-8956. [PMID: 37607832 PMCID: PMC10516664 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An engineered SOX17 variant with point mutations within its DNA binding domain termed SOX17FNV is a more potent pluripotency inducer than SOX2, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Although wild-type SOX17 was incapable of inducing pluripotency, SOX17FNV outperformed SOX2 in mouse and human pluripotency reprogramming. In embryonic stem cells, SOX17FNV could replace SOX2 to maintain pluripotency despite considerable sequence differences and upregulated genes expressed in cleavage-stage embryos. Mechanistically, SOX17FNV co-bound OCT4 more cooperatively than SOX2 in the context of the canonical SoxOct DNA element. SOX2, SOX17, and SOX17FNV were all able to bind nucleosome core particles in vitro, which is a prerequisite for pioneer transcription factors. Experiments using purified proteins and in cellular contexts showed that SOX17 variants phase-separated more efficiently than SOX2, suggesting an enhanced ability to self-organise. Systematic deletion analyses showed that the N-terminus of SOX17FNV was dispensable for its reprogramming activity. However, the C-terminus encodes essential domains indicating multivalent interactions that drive transactivation and reprogramming. We defined a minimal SOX17FNV (miniSOX) that can support reprogramming with high activity, reducing the payload of reprogramming cassettes. This study uncovers the mechanisms behind SOX17FNV-induced pluripotency and establishes engineered SOX factors as powerful cell engineering tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Derek Hoi Hang Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong
| | - Daisylyn Senna Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Cheng-han Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingxi Weng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong
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Oprescu SN, Baumann N, Chen X, Sun Q, Zhao Y, Yue F, Wang H, Kuang S. Sox11 is enriched in myogenic progenitors but dispensable for development and regeneration of the skeletal muscle. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:15. [PMID: 37705115 PMCID: PMC10498607 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in regulating differentiation and function of stem cells, including muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), a resident stem cell population responsible for postnatal regeneration of the skeletal muscle. Sox11 belongs to the Sry-related HMG-box (SOX) family of TFs that play diverse roles in stem cell behavior and tissue specification. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets identify a specific enrichment of Sox11 mRNA in differentiating but not quiescent MuSCs. Consistent with the scRNA-seq data, Sox11 levels increase during differentiation of murine primary myoblasts in vitro. scRNA-seq data comparing muscle regeneration in young and old mice further demonstrate that Sox11 expression is reduced in aged MuSCs. Age-related decline of Sox11 expression is associated with reduced chromatin contacts within the topologically associating domains. Unexpectedly, Myod1Cre-driven deletion of Sox11 in embryonic myoblasts has no effects on muscle development and growth, resulting in apparently healthy muscles that regenerate normally. Pax7CreER- or Rosa26CreER- driven (MuSC-specific or global) deletion of Sox11 in adult mice similarly has no effects on MuSC differentiation or muscle regeneration. These results identify Sox11 as a novel myogenic differentiation marker with reduced expression in quiescent and aged MuSCs, but the specific function of Sox11 in myogenesis remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Oprescu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nick Baumann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiyue Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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38
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Witman N, Zhou C, Häneke T, Xiao Y, Huang X, Rohner E, Sohlmér J, Grote Beverborg N, Lehtinen ML, Chien KR, Sahara M. Placental growth factor exerts a dual function for cardiomyogenesis and vasculogenesis during heart development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5435. [PMID: 37669989 PMCID: PMC10480216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiogenic growth factors play important roles in heart development. Placental growth factor (PLGF) has previously been reported to have angiogenic effects; however, its potential role in cardiogenesis has not yet been determined. We analyze single-cell RNA-sequencing data derived from human and primate embryonic hearts and find PLGF shows a biphasic expression pattern, as it is expressed specifically on ISL1+ second heart field progenitors at an earlier stage and on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) at later stages. Using chemically modified mRNAs (modRNAs), we generate a panel of cardiogenic growth factors and test their effects on enhancing cardiomyocyte (CM) and EC induction during different stages of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiations. We discover that only the application of PLGF modRNA at early time points of hESC-CM differentiation can increase both CM and EC production. Conversely, genetic deletion of PLGF reduces generation of CMs, SMCs and ECs in vitro. We also confirm in vivo beneficial effects of PLGF modRNA for development of human heart progenitor-derived cardiac muscle grafts on murine kidney capsules. Further, we identify the previously unrecognized PLGF-related transcriptional networks driven by EOMES and SOX17. These results shed light on the dual cardiomyogenic and vasculogenic effects of PLGF during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chikai Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timm Häneke
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduarde Rohner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Sohlmér
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miia L Lehtinen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, A6 Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CN, 06510, USA.
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39
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Wang J, Wan X, Le Q. Cross-regulation between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway in stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1250530. [PMID: 37664185 PMCID: PMC10469848 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1250530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9, a member of the SRY-related HMG-box transcription factors, has been reported to critically regulate fetal development and stem cell homeostasis. Wnt signalling is a highly conserved signalling pathway that controls stem cell fate decision and stemness maintenance throughout embryonic development and adult life. Many studies have shown that the interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway are involved in many of the physiological and pathological processes of stem cells, including organ development, the proliferation, differentiation and stemness maintenance of stem cells, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the already-known molecular mechanism of cross-interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, outline its regulatory effects on the maintenance of homeostasis in different types of stem cells, and explore its potential in translational stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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40
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Li SY, Wang CY, Wei XG, Tang XB, Yuan ZW, Bai YZ. CircJag1 promotes apoptosis of ethylene thiourea-exposed anorectal malformations through sponging miR-137-3p by regulating Sox9 and suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the hindgut development of rat embryos. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1593-1610. [PMID: 35930101 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are common birth defects involving congenital structural anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. As an important component of non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) widely participate in the digestive system development; however, the specific molecular mechanism of their involvement in ARM occurrence remains obscure. Herein, we generated rat models of ARMs induced by ethylene thiourea. A novel circRNA (circJag1) was screened and identified by RNA-Seq, which is remarkably upregulated in hindgut tissues of ARM rat embryos. In vivo experiments, colocation analysis via fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence further demonstrated that the disordered circJag1/miR-137-3p/Sox9 expression caused a spatiotemporal imbalance in the urorectal septum (URS) of ARMs. In vitro, functional assays confirmed that circJag1 upregulation resulted in the degradation of nuclear β-catenin, C-myc, and Cyclin D1 in rat intestinal epithelial cells, as well as the promotion of apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation. Mechanistically, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay indicated that circJag1 acted as a miR-137-3p sponge, thereby inhibiting its repressive effect on its target Sox9. Further experiments showed that a loss of Sox9 abolished the circJag1-mediated increase in apoptosis. In conclusion, aberrantly high circJag1 expression promotes epithelial apoptosis by suppressing the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via the miR-137-3p/Sox9 axis, which leads to fusion failure of the URS and cloacal membrane, and eventually contributed to ARMs. Our achievements might boost the comprehension of ARM pathogenesis and could provide a novel candidate target for the development of therapies for ARMs to complement surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ying Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Yi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Gao Wei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Bing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Zuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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41
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Yang Y, Gomez N, Infarinato N, Adam RC, Sribour M, Baek I, Laurin M, Fuchs E. The pioneer factor SOX9 competes for epigenetic factors to switch stem cell fates. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1185-1195. [PMID: 37488435 PMCID: PMC10415178 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
During development, progenitors simultaneously activate one lineage while silencing another, a feature highly regulated in adult stem cells but derailed in cancers. Equipped to bind cognate motifs in closed chromatin, pioneer factors operate at these crossroads, but how they perform fate switching remains elusive. Here we tackle this question with SOX9, a master regulator that diverts embryonic epidermal stem cells (EpdSCs) into becoming hair follicle stem cells. By engineering mice to re-activate SOX9 in adult EpdSCs, we trigger fate switching. Combining epigenetic, proteomic and functional analyses, we interrogate the ensuing chromatin and transcriptional dynamics, slowed temporally by the mature EpdSC niche microenvironment. We show that as SOX9 binds and opens key hair follicle enhancers de novo in EpdSCs, it simultaneously recruits co-factors away from epidermal enhancers, which are silenced. Unhinged from its normal regulation, sustained SOX9 subsequently activates oncogenic transcriptional regulators that chart the path to cancers typified by constitutive SOX9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Gomez
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Allen Institute for Cell Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole Infarinato
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- PRECISIONscientia, Yardley, PA, USA
| | - Rene C Adam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Megan Sribour
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inwha Baek
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mélanie Laurin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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42
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de Boer E, Marcelis C, Neveling K, van Beusekom E, Hoischen A, Klein WM, de Leeuw N, Mantere T, Melo US, van Reeuwijk J, Smeets D, Spielmann M, Kleefstra T, van Bokhoven H, Vissers LE. A complex structural variant near SOX3 causes X-linked split-hand/foot malformation. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100200. [PMID: 37216008 PMCID: PMC10196709 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a congenital limb defect most typically presenting with median clefts in hands and/or feet, that can occur in a syndromic context as well as in isolated form. SHFM is caused by failure to maintain normal apical ectodermal ridge function during limb development. Although several genes and contiguous gene syndromes are implicated in the monogenic etiology of isolated SHFM, the disorder remains genetically unexplained for many families and associated genetic loci. We describe a family with isolated X-linked SHFM, for which the causative variant could be detected after a diagnostic journey of 20 years. We combined well-established approaches including microarray-based copy number variant analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled with optical genome mapping and whole genome sequencing. This strategy identified a complex structural variant (SV) comprising a 165-kb gain of 15q26.3 material ([GRCh37/hg19] chr15:99795320-99960362dup) inserted in inverted position at the site of a 38-kb deletion on Xq27.1 ([GRCh37/hg19] chrX:139481061-139518989del). In silico analysis suggested that the SV disrupts the regulatory framework on the X chromosome and may lead to SOX3 misexpression. We hypothesize that SOX3 dysregulation in the developing limb disturbed the fine balance between morphogens required for maintaining AER function, resulting in SHFM in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Marcelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kornelia Neveling
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Beusekom
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willemijn M. Klein
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tuomo Mantere
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Uirá S. Melo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, RG Development & Disease, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeroen van Reeuwijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique Smeets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, RG Development & Disease, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and Kiel University, 23562 Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Center of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisenka E.L.M. Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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43
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Stüfchen I, Beyer F, Staebler S, Fischer S, Kappelmann M, Beckervordersandforth R, Bosserhoff AK. Sox9 regulates melanocytic fate decision of adult hair follicle stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:106919. [PMID: 37283806 PMCID: PMC10239701 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulge of hair follicles harbors Nestin+ (neural crest like) stem cells, which exhibit the potential to generate various cell types including melanocytes. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of Sox9, an important regulator during neural crest development, in melanocytic differentiation of those adult Nestin+ cells. Immunohistochemical analysis after conditional Sox9 deletion in Nestin+ cells of adult mice revealed that Sox9 is crucial for melanocytic differentiation of these cells and that Sox9 acts as a fate determinant between melanocytic and glial fate. A deeper understanding of factors that regulate fate decision, proliferation and differentiation of these stem cells provides new aspects to melanoma research as melanoma cells share many similarities with neural crest cells. In summary, we here show the important role of Sox9 in melanocytic versus glial fate decision of Nestin+ stem cells in the skin of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Stüfchen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Beyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Staebler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Kappelmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany
| | | | - Anja K. Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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44
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Trinh LT, Osipovich AB, Liu B, Shrestha S, Cartailler JP, Wright CVE, Magnuson MA. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Sox17-Expressing Lineages Reveals Distinct Gene Regulatory Networks and Dynamic Developmental Trajectories. Stem Cells 2023; 41:643-657. [PMID: 37085274 PMCID: PMC10465087 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
During early embryogenesis, the transcription factor SOX17 contributes to hepato-pancreato-biliary system formation and vascular-hematopoietic emergence. To better understand Sox17 function in the developing endoderm and endothelium, we developed a dual-color temporal lineage-tracing strategy in mice combined with single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze 6934 cells from Sox17-expressing lineages at embryonic days 9.0-9.5. Our analyses showed 19 distinct cellular clusters combined from all 3 germ layers. Differential gene expression, trajectory and RNA-velocity analyses of endothelial cells revealed a heterogenous population of uncommitted and specialized endothelial subtypes, including 2 hemogenic populations that arise from different origins. Similarly, analyses of posterior foregut endoderm revealed subsets of hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary progenitors with overlapping developmental potency. Calculated gene-regulatory networks predict gene regulons that are dominated by cell type-specific transcription factors unique to each lineage. Vastly different Sox17 regulons found in endoderm versus endothelial cells support the differential interactions of SOX17 with other regulatory factors thereby enabling lineage-specific regulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T Trinh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bryan Liu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Christopher V E Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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45
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Kim JY, Silvaroli JA, Martinez GV, Bisunke B, Luna Ramirez AV, Jayne LA, Feng MJHH, Girotra B, Acosta Martinez SM, Vermillion CR, Karel IZ, Ferrell N, Weisleder N, Chung S, Christman JW, Brooks CR, Madhavan SM, Hoyt KR, Cianciolo RE, Satoskar AA, Zepeda-Orozco D, Sullivan JC, Davidson AJ, Bajwa A, Pabla NS. Zinc finger protein 24-dependent transcription factor SOX9 up-regulation protects tubular epithelial cells during acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2023; 103:1093-1104. [PMID: 36921719 PMCID: PMC10200760 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling studies have identified several protective genes upregulated in tubular epithelial cells during acute kidney injury (AKI). Identifying upstream transcriptional regulators could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies augmenting the repair processes. SOX9 is a transcription factor controlling cell-fate during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis in multiple organs including the kidneys. SOX9 expression is low in adult kidneys; however, stress conditions can trigger its transcriptional upregulation in tubular epithelial cells. SOX9 plays a protective role during the early phase of AKI and facilitates repair during the recovery phase. To identify the upstream transcriptional regulators that drive SOX9 upregulation in tubular epithelial cells, we used an unbiased transcription factor screening approach. Preliminary screening and validation studies show that zinc finger protein 24 (ZFP24) governs SOX9 upregulation in tubular epithelial cells. ZFP24, a Cys2-His2 (C2H2) zinc finger protein, is essential for oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination; however, its role in the kidneys or in SOX9 regulation remains unknown. Here, we found that tubular epithelial ZFP24 gene ablation exacerbated ischemia, rhabdomyolysis, and cisplatin-associated AKI. Importantly, ZFP24 gene deletion resulted in suppression of SOX9 upregulation in injured tubular epithelial cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter luciferase assays confirmed that ZFP24 bound to a specific site in both murine and human SOX9 promoters. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation in the ZFP24 binding site in the SOX9 promoter in vivo led to suppression of SOX9 upregulation during AKI. Thus, our findings identify ZFP24 as a critical stress-responsive transcription factor protecting tubular epithelial cells through SOX9 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Josie A Silvaroli
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriela Vasquez Martinez
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bijay Bisunke
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alanys V Luna Ramirez
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura A Jayne
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mei Ji He Ho Feng
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bhavya Girotra
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shirely M Acosta Martinez
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Corynne R Vermillion
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Isaac Z Karel
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John W Christman
- Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig R Brooks
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sethu M Madhavan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kari R Hoyt
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Anjali A Satoskar
- Division of Renal and Transplant Pathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Navjot Singh Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Becker LS, Al Smadi MA, Koch H, Abdul-Khaliq H, Meese E, Abu-Halima M. Towards a More Comprehensive Picture of the MicroRNA-23a/b-3p Impact on Impaired Male Fertility. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:800. [PMID: 37372085 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The expression levels of various genes involved in human spermatogenesis are influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs), specifically microRNA-23a/b-3p. While certain genes are essential for spermatogenesis and male germ cell function, the regulation of their expression remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether microRNA-23a/b-3p targets genes involved in spermatogenesis and the impact of this targeting on the expression levels of these genes in males with impaired fertility. In-silico prediction and dual-luciferase assays were used to determine the potential connections between microRNA-23a/b-3p overexpression and reduced expression levels of 16 target genes. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was conducted on 41 oligoasthenozoospermic men receiving infertility treatment and 41 age-matched normozoospermic individuals to verify the lower expression level of target genes. By employing dual-luciferase assays, microRNA-23a-3p was found to directly target eight genes, namely NOL4, SOX6, GOLGA6C, PCDHA9, G2E3, ZNF695, CEP41, and RGPD1, while microRNA-23b-3p directly targeted three genes, namely SOX6, GOLGA6C, and ZNF695. The intentional alteration of the microRNA-23a/b binding site within the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of the eight genes resulted in the loss of responsiveness to microRNA-23a/b-3p. This confirmed that NOL4, SOX6, GOLGA6C, PCDHA9, and CEP41 are direct targets for microRNA-23a-3p, while NOL4, SOX6, and PCDHA9 are direct targets for microRNA-23b-3p. The sperm samples of oligoasthenozoospermic men had lower expression levels of target genes than age-matched normozoospermic men. Correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between basic semen parameters and lower expression levels of target genes. The study suggests that microRNA-23a/b-3p plays a significant role in spermatogenesis by controlling the expression of target genes linked to males with impaired fertility and has an impact on basic semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Simone Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad A Al Smadi
- Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF Unit, King Hussein Medical Centre, Amman 11855, Jordan
| | - Hanna Koch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Hashim Abdul-Khaliq
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Masood Abu-Halima
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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47
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Walters R, Vasilaki E, Aman J, Chen CN, Wu Y, Liang OD, Ashek A, Dubois O, Zhao L, Sabrin F, Cebola I, Ferrer J, Morrell NW, Klinger JR, Wilkins MR, Zhao L, Rhodes CJ. SOX17 Enhancer Variants Disrupt Transcription Factor Binding And Enhancer Inactivity Drives Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2023; 147:1606-1621. [PMID: 37066790 PMCID: PMC7614572 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, increased vascular resistance, and right-sided heart failure. Genome-wide association studies of idiopathic/heritable PAH established novel genetic risk variants, including conserved enhancers upstream of transcription factor (TF) SOX17 containing 2 independent signals. SOX17 is an important TF in embryonic development and in the homeostasis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAEC) in the adult. Rare pathogenic mutations in SOX17 cause heritable PAH. We hypothesized that PAH risk alleles in an enhancer region impair TF-binding upstream of SOX17, which in turn reduces SOX17 expression and contributes to disturbed endothelial cell function and PAH development. METHODS CRISPR manipulation and siRNA were used to modulate SOX17 expression. Electromobility shift assays were used to confirm in silico-predicted TF differential binding to the SOX17 variants. Functional assays in hPAECs were used to establish the biological consequences of SOX17 loss. In silico analysis with the connectivity map was used to predict compounds that rescue disturbed SOX17 signaling. Mice with deletion of the SOX17-signal 1 enhancer region (SOX17-4593/enhKO) were phenotyped in response to chronic hypoxia and SU5416/hypoxia. RESULTS CRISPR inhibition of SOX17-signal 2 and deletion of SOX17-signal 1 specifically decreased SOX17 expression. Electromobility shift assays demonstrated differential binding of hPAEC nuclear proteins to the risk and nonrisk alleles from both SOX17 signals. Candidate TFs HOXA5 and ROR-α were identified through in silico analysis and antibody electromobility shift assays. Analysis of the hPAEC transcriptomes revealed alteration of PAH-relevant pathways on SOX17 silencing, including extracellular matrix regulation. SOX17 silencing in hPAECs resulted in increased apoptosis, proliferation, and disturbance of barrier function. With the use of the connectivity map, compounds were identified that reversed the SOX17-dysfunction transcriptomic signatures in hPAECs. SOX17 enhancer knockout in mice reduced lung SOX17 expression, resulting in more severe pulmonary vascular leak and hypoxia or SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Common PAH risk variants upstream of the SOX17 promoter reduce endothelial SOX17 expression, at least in part, through differential binding of HOXA5 and ROR-α. Reduced SOX17 expression results in disturbed hPAEC function and PAH. Existing drug compounds can reverse the disturbed SOX17 pulmonary endothelial transcriptomic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Walters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Jurjan Aman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.A.)
| | - Chien-Nien Chen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Yukyee Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Olin D Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (O.D.L.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Ali Ashek
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Olivier Dubois
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Farah Sabrin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Inês Cebola
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (I.C., J.F.)
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (I.C., J.F.)
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain (J.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (J.F.)
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.)
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
| | - James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.R.K.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
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48
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Wood S, Ishida K, Hagerty JR, Karahodza A, Dennis JN, Jolly ER. Characterization of Schistosome Sox Genes and Identification of a Flatworm Class of Sox Regulators. Pathogens 2023; 12:690. [PMID: 37242360 PMCID: PMC10222431 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosome helminths infect over 200 million people across 78 countries and are responsible for nearly 300,000 deaths annually. However, our understanding of basic genetic pathways crucial for schistosome development is limited. The sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) protein is a Sox B type transcriptional activator that is expressed prior to blastulation in mammals and is necessary for embryogenesis. Sox expression is associated with pluripotency and stem cells, neuronal differentiation, gut development, and cancer. Schistosomes express a Sox-like gene expressed in the schistosomula after infecting a mammalian host when schistosomes have about 900 cells. Here, we characterized and named this Sox-like gene SmSOXS1. SmSoxS1 protein is a developmentally regulated activator that localizes to the anterior and posterior ends of the schistosomula and binds to Sox-specific DNA elements. In addition to SmSoxS1, we have also identified an additional six Sox genes in schistosomes, two Sox B, one SoxC, and three Sox genes that may establish a flatworm-specific class of Sox genes with planarians. These data identify novel Sox genes in schistosomes to expand the potential functional roles for Sox2 and may provide interesting insights into early multicellular development of flatworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wood
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.W.); (K.I.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Kenji Ishida
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.W.); (K.I.); (J.R.H.)
| | - James R. Hagerty
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.W.); (K.I.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Anida Karahodza
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.W.); (K.I.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Janay N. Dennis
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.W.); (K.I.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Emmitt R. Jolly
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.W.); (K.I.); (J.R.H.)
- Center for Global Health and Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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49
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Oprescu SN, Baumann N, Chen X, Sun Q, Zhao Y, Yue F, Wang H, Kuang S. Sox11 is enriched in myogenic progenitors but dispensable for development and regeneration of skeletal muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534956. [PMID: 37034612 PMCID: PMC10081271 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in regulating the differentiation and function of stem cells, including muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), a resident stem cell population responsible for postnatal regeneration of the skeletal muscle. Sox11 belongs to the Sry-related HMG-box (SOX) family of TFs that play diverse roles in stem cell behavior and tissue specification. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets identify a specific enrichment of Sox11 mRNA in differentiating but not quiescent MuSCs. Consistent with the scRNA-seq data, Sox11 levels increase during differentiation of murine primary myoblasts in vitro. scRNA-seq data comparing muscle regeneration in young and old mice further demonstrate that Sox11 expression is reduced in aged MuSCs. Age-related decline of Sox11 expression is associated with reduced chromatin contacts within the topologically associated domains. Unexpectedly, Myod1 Cre -driven deletion of Sox11 in embryonic myoblasts has no effects on muscle development and growth, resulting in apparently healthy muscles that regenerate normally. Pax7 CreER or Rosa26 CreER driven (MuSC-specific or global) deletion of Sox11 in adult mice similarly has no effects on MuSC differentiation or muscle regeneration. These results identify Sox11 as a novel myogenic differentiation marker with reduced expression in quiescent and aged MuSCs, but the specific function of Sox11 in myogenesis remain to be elucidated.
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50
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Stevanovic M, Kovacevic-Grujicic N, Petrovic I, Drakulic D, Milivojevic M, Mojsin M. Crosstalk between SOX Genes and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076392. [PMID: 37047365 PMCID: PMC10094781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) continues to be the most devastating primary brain malignancy. Despite significant advancements in understanding basic GBM biology and enormous efforts in developing new therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for most GBM patients remains poor with a median survival time of 15 months. Recently, the interplay between the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) genes and lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) has become the focus of GBM research. Both classes of molecules have an aberrant expression in GBM and play essential roles in tumor initiation, progression, therapy resistance, and recurrence. In GBM, SOX and lncRNAs crosstalk through numerous functional axes, some of which are part of the complex transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. This review provides a systematic summary of current literature data on the complex interplay between SOX genes and lncRNAs and represents an effort to underscore the effects of SOX/lncRNA crosstalk on the malignant properties of GBM cells. Furthermore, we highlight the significance of this crosstalk in searching for new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches in GBM treatment.
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