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Inubushi T, Nag P, Sasaki JI, Shiraishi Y, Yamashiro T. The significant role of glycosaminoglycans in tooth development. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae024. [PMID: 38438145 PMCID: PMC11031142 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the roles of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), integral components of proteoglycans, in tooth development. Proteoglycans consist of a core protein linked to GAG chains, comprised of repeating disaccharide units. GAGs are classified into several types, such as hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. Functioning as critical macromolecular components within the dental basement membrane, these GAGs facilitate cell adhesion and aggregation, and play key roles in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby significantly influencing tooth morphogenesis. Notably, our recent research has identified the hyaluronan-degrading enzyme Transmembrane protein 2 (Tmem2) and we have conducted functional analyses using mouse models. These studies have unveiled the essential role of Tmem2-mediated hyaluronan degradation and its involvement in hyaluronan-mediated cell adhesion during tooth formation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of GAG functions in tooth development, integrating insights from recent research, and discusses future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Priyanka Nag
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiraishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Rajderkar SS, Paraiso K, Amaral ML, Kosicki M, Cook LE, Darbellay F, Spurrell CH, Osterwalder M, Zhu Y, Wu H, Afzal SY, Blow MJ, Kelman G, Barozzi I, Fukuda-Yuzawa Y, Akiyama JA, Afzal V, Tran S, Plajzer-Frick I, Novak CS, Kato M, Hunter RD, von Maydell K, Wang A, Lin L, Preissl S, Lisgo S, Ren B, Dickel DE, Pennacchio LA, Visel A. Dynamic enhancer landscapes in human craniofacial development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2030. [PMID: 38448444 PMCID: PMC10917818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of human facial variation and craniofacial birth defects remains poorly understood. Distant-acting transcriptional enhancers control the fine-tuned spatiotemporal expression of genes during critical stages of craniofacial development. However, a lack of accurate maps of the genomic locations and cell type-resolved activities of craniofacial enhancers prevents their systematic exploration in human genetics studies. Here, we combine histone modification, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression profiling of human craniofacial development with single-cell analyses of the developing mouse face to define the regulatory landscape of facial development at tissue- and single cell-resolution. We provide temporal activity profiles for 14,000 human developmental craniofacial enhancers. We find that 56% of human craniofacial enhancers share chromatin accessibility in the mouse and we provide cell population- and embryonic stage-resolved predictions of their in vivo activity. Taken together, our data provide an expansive resource for genetic and developmental studies of human craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Sunil Rajderkar
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kitt Paraiso
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Amaral
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Kosicki
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Laura E Cook
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Fabrice Darbellay
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cailyn H Spurrell
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Han Wu
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sarah Yasmeen Afzal
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Matthew J Blow
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Guy Kelman
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Jerusalem Center for Personalized Computational Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iros Barozzi
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yoko Fukuda-Yuzawa
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- University Research Management Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jennifer A Akiyama
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Veena Afzal
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stella Tran
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ingrid Plajzer-Frick
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Catherine S Novak
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Momoe Kato
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Riana D Hunter
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- UC San Francisco, Division of Experimental Medicine, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Kianna von Maydell
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven Lisgo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Bing Ren
- Institute of Genome Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diane E Dickel
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Octant Inc., Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
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3
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Melrose J. Hippo cell signaling and HS-proteoglycans regulate tissue form and function, age-dependent maturation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C810-C828. [PMID: 38223931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00683.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This review examined how Hippo cell signaling and heparan sulfate (HS)-proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate tissue form and function. Despite being a nonweight-bearing tissue, the brain is regulated by Hippo mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways during embryonic development. HS-proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components to regulate development and pathology. Pikachurin and Eyes shut (Eys) interact with dystroglycan to stabilize the photoreceptor axoneme primary cilium and ribbon synapse facilitating phototransduction and neurotransduction with bipolar retinal neuronal networks in ocular vision, the primary human sense. Another HSPG, Neurexin interacts with structural and adaptor proteins to stabilize synapses and ensure specificity of neural interactions, and aids in synaptic potentiation and plasticity in neurotransduction. HSPGs also stabilize the blood-brain barrier and motor neuron basal structures in the neuromuscular junction. Agrin and perlecan localize acetylcholinesterase and its receptors in the neuromuscular junction essential for neuromuscular control. The primary cilium is a mechanosensory hub on neurons, utilized by YES associated protein (YAP)-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) Hippo, Hh, Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone matrix protein (BMP) receptor tyrosine kinase cell signaling. Members of the glypican HSPG proteoglycan family interact with Smoothened and Patched G-protein coupled receptors on the cilium to regulate Hh and Wnt signaling during neuronal development. Control of glycosyl sulfotransferases and endogenous protease expression by Hippo TAZ YAP represents a mechanism whereby the fine structure of HS-proteoglycans can be potentially modulated spatiotemporally to regulate tissue morphogenesis in a similar manner to how Hippo signaling controls sialyltransferase expression and mediation of cell-cell recognition, dysfunctional sialic acid expression is a feature of many tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Schalich KM, Koganti PP, Castillo JM, Reiff OM, Cheong SH, Selvaraj V. The uterine secretory cycle: recurring physiology of endometrial outputs that setup the uterine luminal microenvironment. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:74-97. [PMID: 37694291 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00035.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conserved in female reproduction across all mammalian species is the estrous cycle and its regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, a collective of intersected hormonal events that are crucial for ensuring uterine fertility. Nonetheless, knowledge of the direct mediators that synchronously shape the uterine microenvironment for successive yet distinct events, such as the transit of sperm and support for progressive stages of preimplantation embryo development, remain principally deficient. Toward understanding the timed endometrial outputs that permit luminal events as directed by the estrous cycle, we used Bovidae as a model system to uniquely surface sample and study temporal shifts to in vivo endometrial transcripts that encode for proteins destined to be secreted. The results revealed the full quantitative profile of endometrial components that shape the uterine luminal microenvironment at distinct phases of the estrous cycle (estrus, metestrus, diestrus, and proestrus). In interpreting this comprehensive log of stage-specific endometrial secretions, we define the "uterine secretory cycle" and extract a predictive understanding of recurring physiological actions regulated within the uterine lumen in anticipation of sperm and preimplantation embryonic stages. This repetitive microenvironmental preparedness to sequentially provide operative support was a stable intrinsic framework, with only limited responses to sperm or embryos if encountered in the lumen within the cyclic time period. In uncovering the secretory cycle and unraveling realistic biological processes, we present novel foundational knowledge of terminal effectors controlled by the HPG axis to direct a recurring sequence of vital functions within the uterine lumen.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study unravels the recurring sequence of changes within the uterus that supports vital functions (sperm transit and development of preimplantation embryonic stages) during the reproductive cycle in female Ruminantia. These data present new systems knowledge in uterine reproductive physiology crucial for setting up in vitro biomimicry and artificial environments for assisted reproduction technologies for a range of mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey M Schalich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Prasanthi P Koganti
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Juan M Castillo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Olivia M Reiff
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
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5
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Neumaier EE, Rothhammer V, Linnerbauer M. The role of midkine in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1310094. [PMID: 38098484 PMCID: PMC10720637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a neurotrophic growth factor highly expressed during embryogenesis with important functions related to growth, proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, reproduction, and repair. Recent research has indicated that MDK functions as a key player in autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of brain tumors, acute injuries, and other CNS disorders. This review summarizes the modes of action and immunological functions of MDK both in the peripheral immune compartment and in the CNS, particularly in the context of traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, we discuss the role of MDK as a central mediator of neuro-immune crosstalk, focusing on the interactions between CNS-infiltrating and -resident cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of MDK and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Kam NW, Lau CY, Che CM, Lee VHF. Nasopharynx Battlefield: Cellular Immune Responses Mediated by Midkine in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and COVID-19. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4850. [PMID: 37835544 PMCID: PMC10571800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that the severe respiratory illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often associated with a cytokine storm that results in dysregulated immune responses. Prolonged COVID-19 positivity is thought to disproportionately affect cancer patients. With COVID-19 disrupting the delivery of cancer care, it is crucial to gain momentum and awareness of the mechanistic intersection between these two diseases. This review discusses the role of the cytokine midkine (MK) as an immunomodulator in patients with COVID-19 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), both of which affect the nasal cavity. We conducted a review and analysis of immunocellular similarities and differences based on clinical studies, research articles, and published transcriptomic datasets. We specifically focused on ligand-receptor pairs that could be used to infer intercellular communication, as well as the current medications used for each disease, including NPC patients who have contracted COVID-19. Based on our findings, we recommend close monitoring of the MK axis to maintain the desirable effects of therapeutic regimens in fighting both NPC and COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngar-Woon Kam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.-W.K.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Cho-Yiu Lau
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.-W.K.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.-W.K.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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7
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Giannone AA, Sellitto C, Rosati B, McKinnon D, White TW. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis of the Early Postnatal Mouse Lens Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:37. [PMID: 37870847 PMCID: PMC10599162 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lens epithelium maintains the overall health of the organ. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology to assess transcriptional heterogeneity between cells in the postnatal day 2 (P2) epithelium and identify distinct epithelial cell subtypes. Analysis of these data was used to better understand lens growth, differentiation, and homeostasis on P2. Methods scRNA-seq on P2 mouse lenses was performed using the 10x Genomics Chromium Single Cell 3' Kit (v3.1) and short-read Illumina sequencing. Sequence alignment and preprocessing of data were conducted using 10x Genomics Cell Ranger software. Seurat was employed for preprocessing, quality control, dimensionality reduction, and cell clustering, and Monocle was utilized for trajectory analysis to understand the developmental progression of the lens cells. CellChat and GO analyses were used to explore cell-cell communication networks and signaling interactions. Results Lens epithelial cells (LECs) were divided into seven subclusters, classified by specific gene markers. The expression of crystallin, cell-cycle, and metabolic genes was not uniform, indicating distinct functional roles of LECs. Trajectory analysis predicted a bifurcation of differentiating and cycling cells from an Igfbp5+ progenitor pool. We also identified heterogeneity in signaling molecules and pathways, suggesting that cycling and progenitor subclusters have prominent roles in coordinating crosstalk. Conclusions scRNA-seq corroborated many known markers of epithelial differentiation and proliferation while providing further insight into the pathways and genes directing these processes. Interestingly, we demonstrated that the developing epithelium can be divided into distinct subpopulations. These clusters reflect the transcriptionally diverse roles of the epithelium in proliferation, signaling, and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne A. Giannone
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Caterina Sellitto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Barbara Rosati
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States
| | - David McKinnon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Thomas W. White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
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Takeo M, Toyoshima KE, Fujimoto R, Iga T, Takase M, Ogawa M, Tsuji T. Cyclical dermal micro-niche switching governs the morphological infradian rhythm of mouse zigzag hair. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4478. [PMID: 37542032 PMCID: PMC10403492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms are involved in almost all types of biological processes, not only physiological processes but also morphogenesis. Currently, how periodic morphological patterns of tissues/organs in multicellular organisms form is not fully understood. Here, using mouse zigzag hair, which has 3 bends, we found that a change in the combination of hair progenitors and their micro-niche and subsequent bend formation occur every three days. Chimeric loss-of-function and gain-of-function of Ptn and Aff3, which are upregulated immediately before bend formation, resulted in defects in the downward movement of the micro-niche and the rhythm of bend formation in an in vivo hair reconstitution assay. Our study demonstrates the periodic change in the combination between progenitors and micro-niche, which is vital for the unique infradian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeo
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Koh-Ei Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- OrganTech Inc., Tokyo, 104-0028, Japan
| | - Riho Fujimoto
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Iga
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Miki Takase
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Tsuji
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
- OrganTech Inc., Tokyo, 104-0028, Japan.
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Ballesteros-Pla C, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Pizarro-Delgado J, Zuccaro A, Sevillano J, Ramos-Álvarez MP. Pleiotrophin and metabolic disorders: insights into its role in metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1225150. [PMID: 37484951 PMCID: PMC10360176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1225150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine which has been for long studied at the level of the central nervous system, however few studies focus on its role in the peripheral organs. The main aim of this review is to summarize the state of the art of what is known up to date about pleiotrophin and its implications in the main metabolic organs. In summary, pleiotrophin promotes the proliferation of preadipocytes, pancreatic β cells, as well as cells during the mammary gland development. Moreover, this cytokine is important for the structural integrity of the liver and the neuromuscular junction in the skeletal muscle. From a metabolic point of view, pleiotrophin plays a key role in the maintenance of glucose and lipid as well as whole-body insulin homeostasis and favors oxidative metabolism in the skeletal muscle. All in all, this review proposes pleiotrophin as a druggable target to prevent from the development of insulin-resistance-related pathologies.
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10
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Rajderkar SS, Paraiso K, Amaral ML, Kosicki M, Cook LE, Darbellay F, Spurrell CH, Osterwalder M, Zhu Y, Wu H, Afzal SY, Blow MJ, Kelman G, Barozzi I, Fukuda-Yuzawa Y, Akiyama JA, Afzal V, Tran S, Plajzer-Frick I, Novak CS, Kato M, Hunter RD, von Maydell K, Wang A, Lin L, Preissl S, Lisgo S, Ren B, Dickel DE, Pennacchio LA, Visel A. Cell Type- and Tissue-specific Enhancers in Craniofacial Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.26.546603. [PMID: 37425964 PMCID: PMC10327103 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.546603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis of craniofacial birth defects and general variation in human facial shape remains poorly understood. Distant-acting transcriptional enhancers are a major category of non-coding genome function and have been shown to control the fine-tuned spatiotemporal expression of genes during critical stages of craniofacial development1-3. However, a lack of accurate maps of the genomic location and cell type-specific in vivo activities of all craniofacial enhancers prevents their systematic exploration in human genetics studies. Here, we combined histone modification and chromatin accessibility profiling from different stages of human craniofacial development with single-cell analyses of the developing mouse face to create a comprehensive catalogue of the regulatory landscape of facial development at tissue- and single cell-resolution. In total, we identified approximately 14,000 enhancers across seven developmental stages from weeks 4 through 8 of human embryonic face development. We used transgenic mouse reporter assays to determine the in vivo activity patterns of human face enhancers predicted from these data. Across 16 in vivo validated human enhancers, we observed a rich diversity of craniofacial subregions in which these enhancers are active in vivo. To annotate the cell type specificities of human-mouse conserved enhancers, we performed single-cell RNA-seq and single-nucleus ATAC-seq of mouse craniofacial tissues from embryonic days e11.5 to e15.5. By integrating these data across species, we find that the majority (56%) of human craniofacial enhancers are functionally conserved in mice, providing cell type- and embryonic stage-resolved predictions of their in vivo activity profiles. Using retrospective analysis of known craniofacial enhancers in combination with single cell-resolved transgenic reporter assays, we demonstrate the utility of these data for predicting the in vivo cell type specificity of enhancers. Taken together, our data provide an expansive resource for genetic and developmental studies of human craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Sunil Rajderkar
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kitt Paraiso
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Amaral
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Kosicki
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Laura E. Cook
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fabrice Darbellay
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cailyn H. Spurrell
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Han Wu
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sarah Yasmeen Afzal
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304
| | - Matthew J. Blow
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Guy Kelman
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Jerusalem Center for Personalized Computational Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iros Barozzi
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yoko Fukuda-Yuzawa
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- University Research Management Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jennifer A. Akiyama
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Veena Afzal
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stella Tran
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ingrid Plajzer-Frick
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Catherine S. Novak
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Momoe Kato
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Riana D. Hunter
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- UC San Francisco, Division of Experimental Medicine, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Kianna von Maydell
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven Lisgo
- Human Developmental Biology Resource, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Bing Ren
- Institute of Genome Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diane E. Dickel
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Octant Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Len A. Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics & System Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
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Role of nerves in neurofibromatosis type 1-related nervous system tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1137-1153. [PMID: 36327093 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects nearly 1 in 3000 infants. Neurofibromin inactivation and NF1 gene mutations are involved in various aspects of neuronal function regulation, including neuronal development induction, electrophysiological activity elevation, growth factor expression, and neurotransmitter release. NF1 patients often exhibit a predisposition to tumor development, especially in the nervous system, resulting in the frequent occurrence of peripheral nerve sheath tumors and gliomas. Recent evidence suggests that nerves play a role in the development of multiple tumor types, prompting researchers to investigate the nerve as a vital component in and regulator of the initiation and progression of NF1-related nervous system tumors. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize existing evidence about the specific effects of NF1 mutation on neurons and emerging research on the role of nerves in neurological tumor development, promising a new set of selective and targeted therapies for NF1-related tumors.
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Wang Z, Zhong Z, Jiang Z, Chen Z, Chen Y, Xu Y. A novel prognostic 7-methylguanosine signature reflects immune microenvironment and alternative splicing in glioma based on multi-omics analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902394. [PMID: 36036011 PMCID: PMC9399734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of central nervous system tumor with increasing incidence. 7-methylguanosine (m7G) is one of the diverse RNA modifications that is known to regulate RNA metabolism and its dysregulation was associated with various cancers. However, the expression pattern of m7G regulators and their roles in regulating tumor immune microenvironments (TIMEs) as well as alternative splicing events (ASEs) in glioma has not been reported. In this study, we showed that m7G regulators displayed a close correlation with each other and most of them were differentially expressed between normal and glioma tissues. Two m7G signatures were then constructed to predict the overall survival of both GBM and LGG patients with moderate predictive performance. The risk score calculated from the regression coefficient and expression level of signature genes was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for patients with LGG, thus, a nomogram was established on the risk score and other independent clinical parameters to predict the survival probability of LGG patients. We also investigated the correlation of m7G signatures with TIMEs in terms of immune scores, expression levels of HLA and immune checkpoint genes, immune cell composition, and immune-related functions. While exploring the correlation between signature genes and the ASEs in glioma, we found that EIF4E1B was a key regulator and might play dual roles depending on glioma grade. By incorporating spatial transcriptomic data, we found a cluster of cells featured by high expression of PTN exhibited the highest m7G score and may communicate with adjacent cancer cells via SPP1 and PTN signaling pathways. In conclusion, our work brought novel insights into the roles of m7G modification in TIMEs and ASEs in glioma, suggesting that evaluation of m7G in glioma could predict prognosis. Moreover, our data suggested that blocking SPP1 and PTN pathways might be a strategy for combating glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Zehua Jiang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Zepeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuequn Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yimin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Fujikawa K, Nonaka N, Wang X, Shibata S. An in situ hybridization study of syndecan family during the late stages of developing mouse molar tooth germ. Anat Sci Int 2022; 97:358-368. [PMID: 35119611 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-022-00647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Expression of syndecan-1, 2, 3, and 4 mRNAs during the late stages of tooth germ formation was investigated by in situ hybridization, using [35S]-UTP-labeled cRNA probes. Syndecan-1 mRNA was mainly expressed in the stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium as well as at the cervical region of dental papilla/dental follicle during E18.5-P3.0. Expression in the dental epithelium was enhanced during the postnatal periods, which was supported by real-time RT-PCR analysis. These spatiotemporal expression patterns may suggest specific roles of syndecan-1 in tooth formation such as tooth eruption or root formation. Syndecan-3 mRNA expression became evident in odontoblasts at E18.5, but compared to collagen type I mRNA, which was strongly expressed at this stage, syndecan-3 expression in odontoblast was restricted in mature odontoblasts beneath the cusps during the postnatal periods. This result was also supported by real-time RT-PCR analysis, and indicated that syndecan-3 may be involved in the progress of dentinogenesis rather than in the initiation of it. Syndecan-4 mRNA roughly showed comparable expression patterns to those of syndecan-3. Syndecan-2 mRNA did not show significant expression during the experimental period, but real-time RT-PCR analysis suggested that syndecan-2 expression might be enhanced with hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
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14
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Sevillano J, Liang A, Strutt B, Hill TG, Szlapinski S, Ramos-Álvarez MP, Hill DJ. Pleiotrophin Expression and Actions in Pancreatic β-Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:777868. [PMID: 35250852 PMCID: PMC8894601 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.777868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a heparin-binding cytokine that is widely expressed during early development and increases in maternal circulation during pregnancy.Aged PTN-deficient mice exhibit insulin resistance, suggesting a role in metabolic control. The objectives of this study were to determine if PTN is expressed in mouse pancreatic β-cells in young vs. adult animals, and its effects on DNA synthesis, β-cell gene expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The Ptn gene was expressed in isolated fractions of young mouse β-cells, especially within immature β-cells with low glucose transporter 2 expression. Expression was retained in the adult pancreas but did not significantly change during pregnancy. PTN and its receptor, phosphotyrosine phosphatase-β/ζ, were also expressed in the proliferative INS1E β-cell line. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that PTN peptide was present in islets of Langerhans in adult mice, associated predominantly with β-cells. The percentage of β-cells staining for PTN did not alter during mouse pregnancy, but intense staining was seen during β-cell regeneration in young mice following depletion of β-cells with streptozotocin. Incubation of INS1E cells with PTN resulted in an increased DNA synthesis as measured by Ki67 localization and increased expression of Pdx1 and insulin. However, both DNA synthesis and GSIS were not altered by PTN in isolated adult mouse islets. The findings show that Ptn is expressed in mouse β-cells in young and adult life and could potentially contribute to adaptive increases in β-cell mass during early life or pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aileen Liang
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda Strutt
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas G. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Szlapinski
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: David J. Hill,
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Serum midkine level might be a diagnostic tool for COVID19 disease in pregnancy: From the disease severity, hospitalization and disease progression respects. Cytokine 2021; 149:155751. [PMID: 34739899 PMCID: PMC8556549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring the COVID-19 disease are the most important topics to be studied recently. We aimed to investigate the association between midkine levels and disease severity in pregnant women with COVID-19. METHODS Totally 186 pregnant women were participated in this study. 96 of them were healthy pregnant women, 90 of them were pregnant women with COVID19. Pregnant women were evaluated according to their trimesters. Serum midkine level, biochemical profile clinical and disease severity outcomes of pregnant women were obtained. RESULTS Our results showed that pregnant women with COVID19 have significantly increased serum midkine level compared to healthy pregnant women (1.801 ± 0.977 vs 0.815 ± 0.294 ng/dL). According to the data among each trimester, it was shown that there were significant increase in serum midkine level during all pregnancy trimesters (1st trimester Control Group: 0.714 ± 0.148, COVID-19 group 1.623 ± 0.824, p < 0.0001; 2nd trimester Control Group: 0.731 ± 0.261, COVID-19 group 2.059 ± 1.146, p < 0.0001; 3rd trimester Control Group: 1.0 ± 0.35, COVID-19 group 1.723 ± 0.907, p = 0.001). Serum midkine levels were significantly different between disease severity subgroups of pregnant women with COVID19; moderate and severe/critic groups had significantly higher serum midkine level than mild group. There was also significant correlation between serum midkine level and severity status (p:0.0001, r: 0.468). The most striking results of serum midkine levels were corelation between length of hospitalization (p: 0.01, r: 0.430) and O2 saturation (p < 0.0001, r: -0.521). ROC curve analysis showed that serum midkine level might be a tool for predicting COVID-19 in pregnant women with COVID-19 (AUC: 0.912, 95% CI: [0.871, 0.952], p < 0.0001) CONCLUSION: Our data showed that there is an obvious relation between COVID19 progression and serum midkine level for the first time which might be used for monitoring the disease process.
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Slow Off-Rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAmer) Proteomic Analysis of Patient-Derived Malignant Glioma Identifies Distinct Cellular Proteomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179566. [PMID: 34502484 PMCID: PMC8431317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas derive from brain glial cells and represent >75% of primary brain tumors. This includes anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III; AS), the most common and fatal glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV; GBM), and oligodendroglioma (ODG). We have generated patient-derived AS, GBM, and ODG cell models to study disease mechanisms and test patient-centered therapeutic strategies. We have used an aptamer-based high-throughput SOMAscan® 1.3K assay to determine the proteomic profiles of 1307 different analytes. SOMAscan® proteomes of AS and GBM self-organized into closely adjacent proteomes which were clearly distinct from ODG proteomes. GBM self-organized into four proteomic clusters of which SOMAscan® cluster 4 proteome predicted a highly inter-connected proteomic network. Several up- and down-regulated proteins relevant to glioma were successfully validated in GBM cell isolates across different SOMAscan® clusters and in corresponding GBM tissues. Slow off-rate modified aptamer proteomics is an attractive analytical tool for rapid proteomic stratification of different malignant gliomas and identified cluster-specific SOMAscan® signatures and functionalities in patient GBM cells.
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Berio F, Debiais-Thibaud M. Evolutionary developmental genetics of teeth and odontodes in jawed vertebrates: a perspective from the study of elasmobranchs. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:906-918. [PMID: 31820456 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most extant vertebrates display a high variety of tooth and tooth-like organs (odontodes) that vary in shape, position over the body and nature of composing tissues. The development of these structures is known to involve similar genetic cascades and teeth and odontodes are believed to share a common evolutionary history. Gene expression patterns have previously been compared between mammalian and teleost tooth development but we highlight how the comparative framework was not always properly defined to deal with different tooth types or tooth developmental stages. Larger-scale comparative analyses also included cartilaginous fishes: sharks display oral teeth and dermal scales for which the gene expression during development started to be investigated in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula during the past decade. We report several descriptive approaches to analyse the embryonic tooth and caudal scale gene expressions in S. canicula. We compare these expressions wih the ones reported in mouse molars and teleost oral and pharyngeal teeth and highlight contributions and biases that arise from these interspecific comparisons. We finally discuss the evolutionary processes that can explain the observed intra and interspecific similarities and divergences in the genetic cascades involved in tooth and odontode development in jawed vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidji Berio
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- University of Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242, 46 Allée d'Italie, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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Distinct Expression Patterns of Cxcl12 in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niches of Intact and Injured Rodent Teeth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063024. [PMID: 33809663 PMCID: PMC8002260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific stem cell populations within dental mesenchymal tissues guarantee tooth homeostasis and regeneration throughout life. The decision between renewal and differentiation of stem cells is greatly influenced by interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix molecules that form the tissue specific stem cell niches. The Cxcl12 chemokine is a general marker of stromal cells and plays fundamental roles in the maintenance, mobilization and migration of stem cells. The aim of this study was to exploit Cxcl12-GFP transgenic mice to study the expression patterns of Cxcl12 in putative dental niches of intact and injured teeth. We showed that endothelial and stromal cells expressed Cxcl12 in the dental pulp tissue of both intact molars and incisors. Isolated non-endothelial Cxcl12+ dental pulp cells cultured in different conditions in vitro exhibited expression of both adipogenic and osteogenic markers, thus suggesting that these cells possess multipotent fates. Taken together, our results show that Cxcl12 is widely expressed in intact and injured teeth and highlight its importance as a key component of the various dental mesenchymal stem cell niches.
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Exploiting teeth as a model to study basic features of signaling pathways. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2729-2742. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Teeth constitute a classical model for the study of signaling pathways and their roles in mediating interactions between cells and tissues in organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. Rodent teeth are mostly used as experimental models. Rodent molars have proved fundamental in the study of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and embryonic organ morphogenesis, as well as to faithfully model human diseases affecting dental tissues. The continuously growing rodent incisor is an excellent tool for the investigation of the mechanisms regulating stem cells dynamics in homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the use of teeth as a model to investigate signaling pathways, providing an overview of the many unique experimental approaches offered by this organ. We discuss how complex networks of signaling pathways modulate the various aspects of tooth biology, and the models used to obtain this knowledge. Finally, we introduce new experimental approaches that allow the study of more complex interactions, such as the crosstalk between dental tissues, innervation and vascularization.
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Heparin: An essential drug for modern medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:1-19. [PMID: 31030744 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a life-saving drug, which belongs to few clinically used drugs without defined molecular structures in modern medicine. Heparin is the mostly negatively charged biopolymer with a broad distributions in molecular weight, charge density, and biological activities. Heparin is mainly composed of repeating trisulfated disaccharide units, which is made by mast cells that are enriched in the intestines, lungs or livers of animals. Porcine intestines and bovine lungs are two mostly used sources for heparin isolation. Heparin is well known for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic pharmacological effects. The anticoagulant activity of heparin is attributable to a 3-O-sulfate and 6-O-sulfate containing pentasaccharide sequence or a minimum eight-repeating disaccharide units containing the pentasaccharide sequence that catalyzes the suicidal inactivation of factor Xa or thrombin by a serpin or serine protease inhibitor named antithrombin III, respectively. Thus, heparin is responsible for the simultaneous inhibition of both thrombin generation and thrombin activity in the blood circulation. Moreover, heparin has many pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-angiogenesis, anti-neoplastic, and anti-metastatic effects though high affinity interactions with a variety of proteases, protease inhibitors, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and their respective receptors. The one drug multiple molecular targeting properties make heparin a very special drug in that various clinical trials are still conducting worldwide even 100 years after its discovery. In this review, we will summarize the structure-function relationship and the molecular mechanisms of heparin. We will also provide an overview of different clinical and potential clinical applications of heparin.
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Cui R, Lwigale P. Expression of the heparin-binding growth factors Midkine and pleiotrophin during ocular development. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 32:28-37. [PMID: 30825522 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) and Pleiotrophin (PTN) belong to a group of heparin-binding growth factors that has been shown to have pleiotropic functions in various biological processes during development and disease. Development of the vertebrate eye is a multistep process that involves coordinated interactions between neuronal and non-neuronal cells, but very little is known about the potential function of MDK and PTN in these processes. In this study, we demonstrate by section in situ hybridization, the spatiotemporal expression of MDK and PTN during ocular development in chick and mouse. We show that MDK and PTN are expressed in dynamic patterns that overlap in a few non-neuronal tissues in the anterior eye and in neuronal cell layers of the posterior eye. We show that the expression patterns of MDK and PTN are only conserved in a few tissues in chick and mouse but they overlap with the expression of some of their receptors LRP1, RPTPZ, ALK, NOTCH2, ITGβ1, SDC1, and SDC3. The dynamic expression patterns of MDK, PTN and their receptors suggest that they function together during the multistep process of ocular development and they may play important roles in cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration of neuronal and non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruda Cui
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Lwigale
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Sevillano J, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Zapatería B, Calderón M, Alcalá M, Limones M, Pita J, Gramage E, Vicente-Rodríguez M, Horrillo D, Medina-Gómez G, Obregón MJ, Viana M, Valladolid-Acebes I, Herradón G, Ramos-Álvarez MP. Pleiotrophin deletion alters glucose homeostasis, energy metabolism and brown fat thermogenic function in mice. Diabetologia 2019; 62:123-135. [PMID: 30327824 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pleiotrophin, a developmentally regulated and highly conserved cytokine, exerts different functions including regulation of cell growth and survival. Here, we hypothesise that this cytokine can play a regulatory role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we performed a longitudinal study characterising the metabolic profile (circulating variables and tissue mRNA expression) of gene-targeted Ptn-deficient female mice and their corresponding wild-type counterparts at different ages from young adulthood (3 months) to older age (15 months). Metabolic cages were used to investigate the respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure, at both 24°C and 30°C. Undifferentiated immortalised mouse brown adipocytes (mBAs) were treated with 0.1 μg/ml pleiotrophin until day 6 of differentiation, and markers of mBA differentiation were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Ptn deletion was associated with a reduction in total body fat (20.2% in Ptn+/+ vs 13.9% in Ptn-/- mice) and an enhanced lipolytic response to isoprenaline in isolated adipocytes from 15-month-old mice (189% in Ptn+/+ vs 273% in Ptn-/- mice). We found that Ptn-/- mice exhibited a significantly lower QUICKI value and an altered lipid profile; plasma triacylglycerols and NEFA did not increase with age, as happens in Ptn+/+ mice. Furthermore, the contribution of cold-induced thermogenesis to energy expenditure was greater in Ptn-/- than Ptn+/+ mice (42.6% and 33.6%, respectively). Body temperature and the activity and expression of deiodinase, T3 and mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 in the brown adipose tissue of Ptn-/- mice were higher than in wild-type controls. Finally, supplementing brown pre-adipocytes with pleiotrophin decreased the expression of the brown adipocyte markers Cidea (20% reduction), Prdm16 (21% reduction), and Pgc1-α (also known as Ppargc1a, 11% reduction). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results reveal for the first time that pleiotrophin is a key player in preserving insulin sensitivity, driving the dynamics of adipose tissue lipid turnover and plasticity, and regulating energy metabolism and thermogenesis. These findings open therapeutic avenues for the treatment of metabolic disorders by targeting pleiotrophin in the crosstalk between white and brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gracia Sánchez-Alonso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Zapatería
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calderón
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Limones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jimena Pita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vicente-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Horrillo
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Obregón
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Valladolid-Acebes
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
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Schira J, Heinen A, Poschmann G, Ziegler B, Hartung HP, Stühler K, Küry P. Secretome analysis of nerve repair mediating Schwann cells reveals Smad-dependent trophism. FASEB J 2018; 33:4703-4715. [PMID: 30592632 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801799r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells promote nerve regeneration by adaptation of a regenerative phenotype referred to as repair mediating Schwann cell. Down-regulation of myelin proteins, myelin clearance, formation of Bungner's bands, and secretion of trophic factors characterize this cell type. We have previously shown that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist Fingolimod/FTY720P promotes the generation of this particular Schwann cell phenotype by activation of dedifferentiation markers and concomitant release of trophic factors resulting in enhanced neurite growth of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Despite its biomedical relevance, a detailed characterization of the corresponding Schwann cell secretome is lacking, and the impact of FTY720P on enhancing neurite growth is not defined. Here, we applied a label-free quantitative mass spectrometry approach to characterize the secretomes derived from primary neonatal and adult rat Schwann cells in response to FTY720P. We identified a large proportion of secreted proteins with a high overlap between the neonatal and adult Schwann cells, which can be associated with biologic processes such as development, axon growth, and regeneration. Moreover, FTY720P-treated Schwann cells release proteins downstream of Smad signaling known to support neurite growth. Our results therefore uncover a network of trophic factors involved in glial-mediated repair of the peripheral nervous system.-Schira, J., Heinen, A., Poschmann, G., Ziegler, B., Hartung, H.-P., Stühler, K., Küry, P. Secretome analysis of nerve repair mediating Schwann cells reveals Smad-dependent trophism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schira
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - André Heinen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Brigida Ziegler
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Aynacıoğlu AŞ, Bilir A, Tuna MY. Involvement of midkine in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:567-571. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1523701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Şükrü Aynacıoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Aydin University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bilir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Aydin University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yakup Tuna
- Department of Anatomy, Istanbul Aydin University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Merida-de-Barros DA, Chaves SP, Belmiro CLR, Wanderley JLM. Leishmaniasis and glycosaminoglycans: a future therapeutic strategy? Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:536. [PMID: 30285837 PMCID: PMC6171297 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania spp. depend on effective macrophage infection to establish and develop in mammalian hosts. Both metacyclic promastigotes and amastigotes are able to infect host cells, and thus they rely on several ligands that, when recognized by macrophage receptors, mediate parasite uptake. During macrophage primary infection with metacyclic forms from the insect vector and during amastigote dissemination via macrophage rupture, both infective stages have to cope with the host extracellular microenvironment, including extracellular matrix molecules. Glycosaminoglycans are abundant in the extracellular matrix and many of these molecules are able to interact with the parasite and the host cell, mediating positive and negative effects for the infection, depending on their structure and/or location. In addition, glycosaminoglycans are present at the surface of macrophages as proteoglycans, playing important roles for parasite recognition and uptake. In this review, we discuss glycosaminoglycans in the context of Leishmania infection as well as the possible applications of the current knowledge regarding these molecules for the development of new therapeutic strategies to control parasite dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Almeida Merida-de-Barros
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Unidade Integrada de Pesquisa em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suzana Passos Chaves
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Unidade Integrada de Pesquisa em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Luis Ribeiro Belmiro
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Unidade Integrada de Pesquisa em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Mendes Wanderley
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Unidade Integrada de Pesquisa em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine (MK) is a heparin binding growth factor and is involved in neurogenesis, neural development and neuroprotection. Additionally, MK may contribute to cancer development and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and schizophrenia. Considering these effects of MK, this study researched whether MK is involved in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) pathogenesis. METHODS We evaluated serum MK levels of 38 patients with ASD and 32 healthy control group. MK levels were measured with ELISA, while ASD severity was assessed with Childhood Autism Rating Scale. RESULTS Our data showed that the serum MK concentration in ASD patients (mean ± SD, 11.51 ± 8.53 pg/ml) is significantly higher than healthy controls (mean ± SD, 6.19 ± 3.94 pg/ml) (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS According to these results, MK may play a role in ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Esnafoglu
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Research and Training Hospital , Ordu University , Ordu , Turkey
| | - Selma Cirrik
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Ordu University , Ordu , Turkey
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27
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Mitsiadis TA, Pagella P, Cantù C. Early Determination of the Periodontal Domain by the Wnt-Antagonist Frzb/Sfrp3. Front Physiol 2017; 8:936. [PMID: 29209231 PMCID: PMC5702314 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis results from the continuous and reciprocal interaction between cells of the oral epithelium and cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in mediating these interactions from the earliest stages of tooth development. Here we analyze by in situ hybridization the expression patterns of the extracellular Wnt antagonist Frzb/Sfrp3. Although Frzb is expressed in dental mesenchymal cells from the earliest stages of odontogenesis, its expression is absent from a tiny population of mesenchymal cells immediately adjacent to the invaginating dental epithelium. Cell proliferation studies using BrdU showed that the Frzb expressing and Frzb non-expressing cell populations display different proliferative behavior during the initial stages of odontogenesis. DiI-mediated cell-fate tracing studies demonstrated that the Frzb expressing cells contribute to the formation of the dental follicle, the future periodontium. In contrast, the Frzb non-expressing cells give rise to the dental pulp. The present results indicate that Frzb is discriminating the presumptive periodontal territory from the rest of the dental mesenchyme from the very beginning of odontogenesis, where it might act as a barrier for the diffusion of Wnt molecules, thus regulating the activation of Wnt-dependent transcription within dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Giamanco NM, Jee YH, Wellstein A, Shriver CD, Summers TA, Baron J. Midkine and pleiotrophin concentrations in needle biopsies of breast and lung masses. Cancer Biomark 2017; 20:299-307. [PMID: 28946562 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Midkine (MDK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are two closely related heparin-binding growth factors which are overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers. We hypothesized that the concentrations of these factors in washout of biopsy needles would be higher in breast and lung cancer than in benign lesions. METHODS Seventy subjects underwent pre-operative core needle biopsies of 78 breast masses (16 malignancies). In 11 subjects, fine needle aspiration was performed ex vivo on 7 non-small cell lung cancers and 11 normal lung specimens within surgically excised lung tissue. The biopsy needle was washed with buffer for immunoassay. RESULTS The MDK/DNA and the PTN/DNA ratio in most of the malignant breast masses were similar to the ratios in benign masses except one lobular carcinoma in situ (24-fold higher PTN/DNA ratio than the average benign mass). The MDK/DNA and PTN/DNA ratio were similar in most malignant and normal lung tissue except one squamous cell carcinoma (38-fold higher MDK/DNA ratio than the average of normal lung tissue). CONCLUSIONS Both MDK and PTN are readily measurable in washout of needle biopsy samples from breast and lung masses and levels are highly elevated only in a specific subset of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Giamanco
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youn Hee Jee
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Craig D Shriver
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Summers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jee YH, Lebenthal Y, Chaemsaithong P, Yan G, Peran I, Wellstein A, Romero R, Baron J. Midkine and Pleiotrophin Concentrations in Amniotic Fluid in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153325. [PMID: 27089523 PMCID: PMC4835047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Midkine (MDK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are heparin-binding growth factors that, in rodents, are highly expressed in early life and decrease to undetectable levels by adulthood. The potential roles of MDK and PTN in human growth and development are not completely elucidated. Method and Findings To delineate the role of MDK and PTN in human development, we developed high sensitivity assays to measure their concentrations in amniotic fluid (AF) at various gestational ages in both healthy and complicated pregnancies. We found that both of these growth factors could be readily measured in AF and that the concentrations were higher than most cytokines previously reported in AF. Conclusion The concentration of MDK but not that of PTN declined with gestational age. Both MDK and PTN concentrations were found to be lower in pregnancies that were complicated by chorioamnionitis at term, raising the possibility that these growth factors might be useful as markers for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Jee
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gai Yan
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Ivana Peran
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jee YH, Celi FS, Sampson M, Sacks DB, Remaley AT, Kebebew E, Baron J. Midkine concentrations in fine-needle aspiration of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:977-84. [PMID: 25411136 PMCID: PMC5532878 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The primary preoperative method for distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid nodules is fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, but it is frequently inconclusive. Midkine (MDK) is a heparin-binding growth factor, which is overexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). OBJECTIVE We measured MDK concentrations in FNA samples from benign and malignant thyroid nodules to explore the possibility that MDK measurement might aid in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. DESIGN 35 subjects underwent preoperative FNA of 45 thyroid nodules, followed by thyroidectomy, providing a histological diagnosis. FNA needle contents were first expressed for cytology, and then, the needle was washed with buffer for immunoassay. In 46 subjects without preoperative FNA samples, FNA was performed ex vivo on 62 nodules within surgically excised thyroid tissue. MEASUREMENTS MDK was measured using a high-sensitivity sandwich ELISA and normalized to thyroglobulin (Tg) concentration in the sample to adjust for tissue content in the aspirate. RESULTS The MDK/Tg ratio was higher in 18 PTCs than in 87 benign nodules (204 ± 106 vs 1·2 ± 0·3 ng/mg, mean ± SEM, P < 0·001). Using a threshold of 10 ng/mg, the sensitivity and specificity of the MDK/Tg ratio for diagnosis of PTC were 67% and 99%, respectively. All follicular variant PTCs had a MDK/Tg ratio <10 ng/mg. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that, in FNA samples, the MDK/Tg ratio in PTC is greater than in benign thyroid nodules, raising the possibility that this approach might provide adjunctive diagnostic or prognostic information to complement existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Jee
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Maureen Sampson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - David B. Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
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Chiu Y, Huang R, Orlando R, Sharp JS. GAG-ID: Heparan Sulfate (HS) and Heparin Glycosaminoglycan High-Throughput Identification Software. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1720-30. [PMID: 25887393 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate are very large linear polysaccharides that undergo a complex variety of modifications and are known to play important roles in human development, cell-cell communication and disease. Sequencing of highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides like heparin and heparan sulfate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) remains challenging because of the presence of multiple isomeric sequences in a complex mixture of oligosaccharides, the difficulties in separation of these isomers, and the facile loss of sulfates in MS/MS. We have previously introduced a method for structural sequencing of heparin/heparan sulfate oligosaccharides involving chemical derivatizations that replace labile sulfates with stable acetyl groups. This chemical derivatization scheme allows the use of reversed phase LC for high-resolution separation and MS/MS for sequencing of isomeric heparan sulfate oligosaccharides. However, because of the large number of analytes present in complex mixtures of heparin/HS oligosaccharides, the resulting LC-MS/MS data sets are large and cannot be annotated with existing glycomics software because of the specifically designed chemical derivatization strategy. We have developed a tool, called GAG-ID, to automate the interpretation of derivatized heparin/heparan sulfate LC-MS/MS data based on a modified multivariate hypergeometric distribution to weight the annotation of more intense peaks. The software is tested on a LC-MS/MS data set collected from a mixture of 21 synthesized heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides. By testing the discrimination of scoring with this system, we show that stratifying peaks into different intensity classes benefits the discrimination of scoring, and GAG-ID is able to properly assign all 21 synthetic tetrasaccharides in a defined mixture from a single LC-MS/MS run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Chiu
- From the ‡Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602; §Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Rongrong Huang
- From the ‡Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Ron Orlando
- From the ‡Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- From the ‡Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602;
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32
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Filatova A, Pagella P, Mitsiadis TA. Distribution of syndecan-1 protein in developing mouse teeth. Front Physiol 2015; 5:518. [PMID: 25642191 PMCID: PMC4295547 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan involved in the regulation of various biological processes such as proliferation, migration, condensation and differentiation of cells, intercellular communication, and morphogenesis. The extracellular domain of syndecan-1 can bind to extracellular matrix components and signaling molecules, while its intracellular domain interacts with cytoskeletal proteins, thus allowing the transfer of information about extracellular environment changes into the cell that consequently affect cellular behavior. Although previous studies have shown syndecan-1 expression during precise stages of tooth development, there is no equivalent study regrouping the expression patterns of syndecan-1 during all stages of odontogenesis. Here we examined the distribution of syndecan-1 protein in embryonic and post-natal developing mouse molars and incisors. Syndecan-1 distribution in mesenchymal tissues such as dental papilla and dental follicle was correlated with proliferating events and its expression was often linked to stem cell niche territories. Syndecan-1 was also expressed in mesenchymal cells that will differentiate into the dentin producing odontoblasts, but not in differentiated functional odontoblasts. In the epithelium, syndecan-1 was detected in all cell layers, by the exception of differentiated ameloblasts that form the enamel. Furthermore, syndecan-1 was expressed in osteoblast precursors and osteoclasts of the alveolar bone that surrounds the developing tooth germs. Taken together these results show the dynamic nature of syndecan-1 expression during odontogenesis and suggest its implication in various processes of tooth development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filatova
- Division of Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Division of Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Division of Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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González-Castillo C, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Guzmán-Brambila C, Pallàs M, Rojas-Mayorquín AE. Pleiotrophin as a central nervous system neuromodulator, evidences from the hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:443. [PMID: 25620911 PMCID: PMC4287103 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted growth factor, and also a cytokine, associated with the extracellular matrix, which has recently starting to attract attention as a significant neuromodulator with multiple neuronal functions during development. PTN is expressed in several tissues, where its signals are generally related with cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation by acting through different receptors. In Central Nervous System (CNS), PTN exerts post-developmental neurotrophic and -protective effects, and additionally has been involved in neurodegenerative diseases and neural disorders. Studies in Drosophila shed light on some aspects of the different levels of regulatory control of PTN invertebrate homologs. Specifically in hippocampus, recent evidence from PTN Knock-out (KO) mice involves PTN functioning in learning and memory. In this paper, we summarize, discuss, and contrast the most recent advances and results that lead to proposing a PTN as a neuromodulatory molecule in the CNS, particularly in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia González-Castillo
- Doctorwado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco, México
| | - Carolina Guzmán-Brambila
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, División de Biotecnología y Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Campus Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Choi WJ, Kim M, Park JY, Park TJ, Kang HY. Pleiotrophin inhibits melanogenesisviaErk1/2-MITF signaling in normal human melanocytes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 28:51-60. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jong Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Park
- Department of Dermatology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
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Kero D, Kalibovic Govorko D, Vukojevic K, Cubela M, Soljic V, Saraga-Babic M. Expression of cytokeratin 8, vimentin, syndecan-1 and Ki-67 during human tooth development. J Mol Histol 2014; 45:627-40. [PMID: 25120060 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal immunolocalizations of cytokeratin 8 (CK8), vimentin, syndecan-1 and Ki-67 were analyzed in ten human incisors and canine tooth germs between the 7th and 20th developmental weeks. CK8 expression was mild to moderate in the epithelial tooth parts, while it shifted from absent or mild in its mesenchymal parts, but few cells, sparsely distributed throughout the tooth germ, strongly expressed CK8. As development progressed, CK8 expression increased to strong in preameloblasts, while expression of vimentin increased to moderate in the epithelial and mesenchymal tooth parts, particularly in the dental papilla and sac. Co-expression of CK8 and vimentin was observed in some parts of the tooth germ, and was increasing in the differentiating preameloblasts and preodontoblasts. Syndecan-1 showed characteristic shift of expression from epithelial to mesenchymal tooth parts, being particularly strong in dental papilla, sac and cervical loops, while co-expression of Ki-67/syndecan-1 was strong in the dental papilla. Our study demonstrated spatio-temporal expression and restricted co-expression of the investigated markers, indicating participation of CK8 and vimentin in cell proliferation and migration, and differentiation of preodontoblasts and preameloblasts. Our data also suggest involvement of syndecan-1 in morphogenesis of the developing tooth crown and cervical loops, and together with CK8 and vimentin in differentiation of preameloblasts and preodontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kero
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
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Hu XF, Yao J, Gao SG, Yang YT, Peng XQ, Feng XS. Midkine and syndecan‑1 levels correlate with the progression of malignant gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1409-15. [PMID: 25017879 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether the expression levels of midkine (MK) and syndecan‑1 correlate with the malignant progression and poor prognosis of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA). GCA tissue samples (n=72) were obtained from the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology (Luoyang, China). The paraffin‑embedded samples had been surgically resected and pathologically diagnosed between 2007 and 2009. Normal gastric cardiac biopsy specimens (n=40) were also collected as the control. The expression levels of MK and syndecan‑1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry using the high‑sensitivity streptavidin‑peroxidase method. Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained using the SPSS 17.0 statistics package. MK expression was detected in 76.4% of GCA samples and 5% of normal gastric cardiac mucosa specimens. A significant positive correlation was observed between the expression levels of MK and the infiltrative depth of the tumor, the presence of lymph node metastasis and the prognosis of the patients (P<0.05). Syndecan‑1 expression was detected in 38.9% of GCA samples and 100% of normal gastric cardiac mucosa samples. The expression levels of syndecan‑1 were negatively correlated with the grade of differentiation, serosal membrane invasion, lymph node metastasis and the patient's prognosis (P<0.05). Notably, the expression levels of MK and syndecan‑1 were inversely correlated (r=‑0.352, P<0.01) in the GCA tissue samples. These results suggest that high expression levels of MK in GCA tissues may indicate a differentiation stage that is characteristic of malignancy, a late clinical stage and a poor prognosis, whereas increased syndecan‑1 levels may indicate a high degree of differentiation, an early clinical stage and a favorable prognosis. MK and syndecan‑1 may serve as important biomarkers for monitoring the development and progression of GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Feng Hu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - She-Gan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Tong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Qing Peng
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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Garcia-Gutierrez P, Juarez-Vicente F, Wolgemuth DJ, Garcia-Dominguez M. Pleiotrophin antagonizes Brd2 during neuronal differentiation. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2554-64. [PMID: 24695857 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.147462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (Brd2) is a BET family chromatin adaptor required for expression of cell-cycle-associated genes and therefore involved in cell cycle progression. Brd2 is expressed in proliferating neuronal progenitors, displays cell-cycle-stimulating activity and, when overexpressed, impairs neuronal differentiation. Paradoxically, Brd2 is also detected in differentiating neurons. To shed light on the role of Brd2 in the transition from cell proliferation to differentiation, we had previously looked for proteins that interacted with Brd2 upon induction of neuronal differentiation. Surprisingly, we identified the growth factor pleiotrophin (Ptn). Here, we show that Ptn antagonized the cell-cycle-stimulating activity associated with Brd2, thus enhancing induced neuronal differentiation. Moreover, Ptn knockdown reduced neuronal differentiation. We analyzed Ptn-mediated antagonism of Brd2 in a cell differentiation model and in two embryonic processes associated with the neural tube: spinal cord neurogenesis and neural crest migration. Finally, we investigated the mechanisms of Ptn-mediated antagonism and determined that Ptn destabilizes the association of Brd2 with chromatin. Thus, Ptn-mediated Brd2 antagonism emerges as a modulation system accounting for the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation in the vertebrate nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garcia-Gutierrez
- Stem Cells Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Francisco Juarez-Vicente
- Stem Cells Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Debra J Wolgemuth
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mario Garcia-Dominguez
- Stem Cells Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Seville 41092, Spain
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Pleiotrophin commits human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells towards hypertrophy during chondrogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88287. [PMID: 24516627 PMCID: PMC3917886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a growth factor present in the extracellular matrix of the growth plate during bone development and in the callus during bone healing. Bone healing is a complicated process that recapitulates endochondral bone development and involves many cell types. Among those cells, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are able to differentiate toward chondrogenic and osteoblastic lineages. We aimed to determine PTN effects on differentiation properties of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) under chondrogenic induction using histological analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. PTN dramatically potentiated chondrogenic differentiation as indicated by a strong increase of collagen 2 protein, and cartilage-related gene expression. Moreover, PTN increased transcription of hypertrophic chondrocyte markers such as MMP13, collagen 10 and alkaline phosphatase and enhanced calcification and the content of collagen 10 protein. These effects are dependent on PTN receptors signaling and PI3 K pathway activation. These data suggest a new role of PTN in bone regeneration as an inducer of hypertrophy during chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSC.
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Muramatsu T. Structure and function of midkine as the basis of its pharmacological effects. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:814-26. [PMID: 23992440 PMCID: PMC3925020 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor or cytokine and forms a small protein family, the other member of which is pleiotrophin. MK enhances survival, migration, cytokine expression, differentiation and other activities of target cells. MK is involved in various physiological processes, such as development, reproduction and repair, and also plays important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and malignant diseases. MK is largely composed of two domains, namely a more N-terminally located N-domain and a more C-terminally located C-domain. Both domains are basically composed of three antiparallel β-sheets. In addition, there are short tails in the N-terminal and C-terminal sides and a hinge connecting the two domains. Several membrane proteins have been identified as MK receptors: receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase Z1 (PTPζ), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, integrins, neuroglycan C, anaplastic lymphoma kinase and Notch-2. Among them, the most established one is PTPζ. It is a transmembrane tyrosine phophatase with chondroitin sulfate, which is essential for high-affinity binding with MK. PI3K and MAPK play important roles in the downstream signalling system of MK, while transcription factors affected by MK signalling include NF-κB, Hes-1 and STATs. Because of the involvement of MK in various physiological and pathological processes, MK itself as well as pharmaceuticals targeting MK and its signalling system are expected to be valuable for the treatment of numerous diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muramatsu
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasakicho, Nisshinn, Aichi, 470-0195, Japan. ,
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40
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Xu C, Zhu S, Wu M, Han W, Yu Y. Functional Receptors and Intracellular Signal Pathways of Midkine (MK) and Pleiotrophin (PTN). Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:511-20. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanying Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Shunying Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Mingyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Wei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H. Pomin
- Program of
Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry,
and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913,
Brazil
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Kadomatsu K, Kishida S, Tsubota S. The heparin-binding growth factor midkine: the biological activities and candidate receptors. J Biochem 2013; 153:511-21. [PMID: 23625998 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heparin-binding growth factor midkine (MK) comprises a family with pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule. The biological phenomena in which MK is involved can be categorized into five areas: (i) cancer, (ii) inflammation/immunity, (iii) blood pressure, (iv) development and (v) tissue protection. The phenotypes are clear in vivo, but the mechanisms by which MK exerts these actions are not fully understood. Candidate receptors for MK include anaplastic lymphoma kinase, protein tyrosine phosphatase ζ, Notch2, LDL receptor-related protein 1, integrins and proteoglycans. Some physical associations between these candidate receptors are also known. Because of the striking in vivo phenotypes after manipulation of MK, MK could be an important molecular target for the treatment of various diseases. To this end, it will be important to pursue studies to fully understand the mechanisms of MK action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Langeslay DJ, Beecher CN, Naggi A, Guerrini M, Torri G, Larive CK. Characterizing the microstructure of heparin and heparan sulfate using N-sulfoglucosamine 1H and 15N NMR chemical shift analysis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1247-55. [PMID: 23240897 PMCID: PMC3974173 DOI: 10.1021/ac3032788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are members of a biologically important group of highly anionic linear polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Because of their structural complexity, the molecular-level characterization of heparin and HS continues to be a challenge. The work presented herein describes an emerging approach for the analysis of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins, as well as porcine and human-derived HS. This approach utilizes the untapped potential of (15)N NMR to characterize these preparations through detection of the NH resonances of N-sulfo-glucosamine residues. The sulfamate group (1)H and (15)N chemical shifts of six GAG microenvironments were assigned based on the critical comparison of selectively modified heparin derivatives, NMR measurements for a library of heparin-derived oligosaccharide standards, and an in-depth NMR analysis of the low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin through systematic investigation of the chemical exchange properties of NH resonances and residue-specific assignments using the [(1)H,(15)N] HSQC-TOCSY experiment. The sulfamate microenvironments characterized in this study include GlcNS(6S)-UA(2S), ΔUA(2S)-GlcNS(6S), GlcNS(3S)(6S)-UA(2S), GlcNS-UA, GlcNS(6S)-red(α), and 1,6-anhydro GlcNS demonstrating the utility of [(1)H,(15)N] HSQC NMR spectra to provide a spectroscopic fingerprint reflecting the composition of intact GAGs and low molecular weight heparin preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Langeslay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Luo J, Uribe RA, Hayton S, Calinescu AA, Gross JM, Hitchcock PF. Midkine-A functions upstream of Id2a to regulate cell cycle kinetics in the developing vertebrate retina. Neural Dev 2012; 7:33. [PMID: 23111152 PMCID: PMC3531272 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-7-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Midkine is a small heparin binding growth factor expressed in numerous tissues during development. The unique midkine gene in mammals has two paralogs in zebrafish: midkine-a (mdka) and midkine-b (mdkb). In the zebrafish retina, during both larval development and adult photoreceptor regeneration, mdka is expressed in retinal stem and progenitor cells and functions as a molecular component of the retina’s stem cell niche. In this study, loss-of-function and conditional overexpression were used to investigate the function of Mdka in the retina of the embryonic zebrafish. Results The results show that during early retinal development Mdka functions to regulate cell cycle kinetics. Following targeted knockdown of Mdka synthesis, retinal progenitors cycle more slowly, and this results in microphthalmia, a diminished rate of cell cycle exit and a temporal delay of cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation. In contrast, Mdka overexpression results in acceleration of the cell cycle and retinal overgrowth. Mdka gain-of-function, however, does not temporally advance cell cycle exit. Experiments to identify a potential Mdka signaling pathway show that Mdka functions upstream of the HLH regulatory protein, Id2a. Gene expression analysis shows Mdka regulates id2a expression, and co-injection of Mdka morpholinos and id2a mRNA rescues the Mdka loss-of-function phenotype. Conclusions These data show that in zebrafish, Mdka resides in a shared Id2a pathway to regulate cell cycle kinetics in retinal progenitors. This is the first study to demonstrate the function of Midkine during retinal development and adds Midkine to the list of growth factors that transcriptionally regulate Id proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, W, K, Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-0714, USA
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Kopper L, Sebestyén A, Gallai M, Kovalszky I. Syndecan-1 - A new piece in B-cell puzzle. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 3:183-91. [PMID: 18470728 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1997] [Accepted: 09/10/1997] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycans, with core proteins mainly decorated with heparan sulfate chains. Syndecan-1 is expressed in a tissue-, cell-and differentiation-specific manner. Its extra-cellular domain can bind via HS chains to matrix elements, to growth factors (especially "heparin-binding" proteins) and to certain biological agents. The ectodomain released by proteolysis can also be functionally active. The cytoplasmic domain can take part in signaling processes as well as in modifying cell shape. In hematopoietic cells syndecan-1 is expressed in normal pre-B-cells and plasma cells, as well as in plasmocytoid and lymphoplasmocytoid malignancies. According to our study syndecan-1 is expressed in B-CLL cells both in tissue environment and in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kopper
- 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Uo;i út 26, H-1085, Budapest, Hungary,
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Qiu L, Hyink DP, Gans WH, Amsler K, Wilson PD, Burrow CR. Midkine promotes selective expansion of the nephrogenic mesenchyme during kidney organogenesis. Organogenesis 2012; 1:14-21. [PMID: 19521555 DOI: 10.4161/org.1.1.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During kidney development, the growth and development of the stromal and nephrogenic mesenchyme cell populations and the ureteric bud epithelium is tightly coupled through intricate reciprocal signaling mechanisms between these three tissue compartments. Midkine, a target gene activated by retinoid signaling in the metanephros, encodes a secreted polypeptide with mitogenic and anti-apoptotic activities in a wide variety of cell types. Using immmunohistochemical methods we demonstrated that Midkine is found in the uninduced mesenchyme at the earliest stages of metanephric kidney development and only subsequently concentrated in the ureteric bud epithelium and basement membrane. The biological effects of purified recombinant Midkine were analyzed in metanephric organ culture experiments carried out in serum-free defined media. These studies revealed that Midkine selectively promoted the overgrowth of the Pax-2 and N-CAM positive nephrogenic mesenchymal cells, failed to stimulate expansion of the stromal compartment and suppressed branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud. Midkine suppressed apoptosis and stimulated cellular proliferation of the nephrogenic mesenchymal cells, and was capable of maintaining the viability of isolated mesenchymes cultured in the absence of the ureteric bud. These results suggest that Midkine may regulate the balance of epithelial and stromal progenitor cell populations of the metanephric mesenchyme during renal organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Qiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine; New York, New York USA
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Wang Y, Man Y, Ding Y, Ma B, Qiu X, Fan Q, Zheng L. Mechanical Strain and Growth Factors Regulate Expression of Tenascin-C by OS Cells Additively. Oncol Res 2012; 20:509-16. [DOI: 10.3727/096504013x13728687793317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yan Q, Huang HL, Yao X, Li J, Li LQ, Zhong J, Min LS, Dai LC, Zheng SS. Novel functional proteins interact with midkine in hepatic cancer cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2012; 11:272-7. [PMID: 22672821 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(12)60160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor that promotes the proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of various target cells. Midkine plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and is overexpressed in many human malignant tumors. Patients with high tumor midkine expression frequently have a worse prognosis than those with low expression. The present study was designed to investigate the interaction network of midkine in hepatic cancer cells, and to elucidate its role in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS DNA encoding full-length midkine was cloned into pDBLeu vector to serve as bait in yeast two-hybrid screening to identify interacting proteins. Candidate proteins were examined on SC-Leu-Trp-His+3-AT (20 mmol/L) plates and assayed for X-gal activity, then sequenced and classified according to the GenBank. Finally, identified proteins were expressed by the in vitro expression system pCMVTnT, and protein interactions were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we found 6 proteins that interacted with midkine: NK-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (I-κ-B-alpha), Dvl-binding protein naked cuticle 2, granulin, latent active TGF-beta binding protein 3, latent active TGF-beta binding protein 4, and phospholipid scramblase 1. In vitro co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that all identified proteins directly interacted with midkine. CONCLUSION The identification of midkine-interacting proteins in hepatic cancer cells indicates that midkine is a multifunctional factor that may participate in cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation, and is also associated with the multicellular response feedback during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Lee JY, Jeong W, Lim W, Kim J, Bazer FW, Han JY, Song G. Chicken pleiotrophin: regulation of tissue specific expression by estrogen in the oviduct and distinct expression pattern in the ovarian carcinomas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34215. [PMID: 22496782 PMCID: PMC3319562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a developmentally-regulated growth factor which is widely distributed in various tissues and also detected in many kinds of carcinomas. However, little is known about the PTN gene in chickens. In the present study, we found chicken PTN to be highly conserved with respect to mammalian PTN genes (91–92.6%) and its mRNA was most abundant in brain, heart and oviduct. This study focused on the PTN gene in the oviduct where it was detected in the glandular (GE) and luminal (LE) epithelial cells. Treatment of young chicks with diethylstilbesterol induced PTN mRNA and protein in GE and LE, but not in other cell types of the oviduct. Further, several microRNAs, specifically miR-499 and miR-1709 were discovered to influence PTN expression via its 3′-UTR which suggests that post-transcriptional regulation influences PTN expression in chickens. We also compared expression patterns and CpG methylation status of the PTN gene in normal and cancerous ovaries from chickens. Our results indicated that PTN is most abundant in the GE of adenocarcinoma of cancerous, but not normal ovaries of hens. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that 30- and 40% of −1311 and −1339 CpG sites are demethylated in ovarian cancer cells, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate that chicken PTN is a novel estrogen-induced gene expressed mainly in the oviductal epithelia implicating PTN regulation of oviduct development and egg formation, and also suggest that PTN is a biomarker for epithelial ovarian carcinoma that could be used for diagnosis and monitoring effects of therapies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooyoung Jeong
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jae Yong Han
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee SH, Suh HN, Lee YJ, Seo BN, Ha JW, Han HJ. Midkine prevented hypoxic injury of mouse embryonic stem cells through activation of Akt and HIF-1α via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1731-9. [PMID: 21688265 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell functions are dramatically altered by oxygen in tissue culture, which means the antioxidant/oxidant balance is critical for protection as well as toxicity. This study examined the effect of the heparin-binding growth factor midkine (MK) on hypoxia-induced apoptosis and related signal pathways in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Hypoxia (60 h) increased lactate dehydrogenase release and apoptosis, and reduced cell viability and proliferation. These effects were reversed by MK (100 ng/ml). MK also reversed hypoxia-induced increases of intracellular reactive oxygen species, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Blockage of JNK and p38 MAPK using small interference (si)RNAs produced a decrease in apoptosis. A loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increases of cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol, and cleaved caspase-3 expression, as well as decreases in cIAP-2 and Bcl-2 were also reversed by MK. Hypoxia alone and hypoxia with MK increased low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) mRNA and protein expression. Hypoxia with MK rapidly increased serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) phosphorylation which reversed by LRP-1 Ab (0.1 µg/ml) and prolonged heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. In addition, hypoxia with MK increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Moreover, inhibition of Akt, HO-1, and HIF-1α signaling pathways abolished the MK-induced blockage of apoptosis. In conclusion, MK partially prevented hypoxic injury of mESCs through activation of Akt, HO-1, and HIF-1α via LRP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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