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Li Z, Huang Y, Shen Z, Wu M, Huang M, Hong SB, Xu L, Zang Y. Advances in functional studies of plant MYC transcription factors. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:195. [PMID: 39103657 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Myelocytomatosis (MYC) transcription factors (TFs) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family in plants and play a central role in governing a wide range of physiological processes. These processes encompass plant growth, development, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as secondary metabolism. In recent decades, significant strides have been made in comprehending the multifaceted regulatory functions of MYCs. This advancement has been achieved through the cloning of MYCs and the characterization of plants with MYC deficiencies or overexpression, employing comprehensive genome-wide 'omics' and protein-protein interaction technologies. MYCs act as pivotal components in integrating signals from various phytohormones' transcriptional regulators to orchestrate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming. In this review, we have compiled current research on the role of MYCs as molecular switches that modulate signal transduction pathways mediated by phytohormones and phytochromes. This comprehensive overview allows us to address lingering questions regarding the interplay of signals in response to environmental cues and developmental shift. It also sheds light on the potential implications for enhancing plant resistance to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses through genetic improvements achieved by plant breeding and synthetic biology efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mujun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058-1098, USA
| | - Liai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Wu C, Xiao S, Zhang X, Ren W, Shangguan X, Li S, Zuo D, Cheng H, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Lv L, Li P, Song G. GhHDZ76, a cotton HD-Zip transcription factor, involved in regulating the initiation and early elongation of cotton fiber development in G. hirsutum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 345:112132. [PMID: 38788903 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the whole HD-Zip family members of G. hirsutum were identified, and GhHDZ76 was classified into the HD-Zip IV subgroup. GhHDZ76 was predominantly expressed in the 0-5 DPA of fiber development stage and localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of GhHDZ76 significantly increased the length and density of trichomes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The fiber length of GhHDZ76 knockout lines by CRISPR/Cas9 was significantly shorter than WT at the early elongation and mature stage, indicating that GhHDZ76 positively regulate the fiber elongation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the number of ovule surface protrusion of 0 DPA of GhHDZ76 knockout lines was significantly lower than WT, suggesting that GhHDZ76 can also promote the initiation of fiber development. The transcript level of GhWRKY16, GhRDL1, GhEXPA1 and GhMYB25 genes related to fiber initiation and elongation in GhHDZ76 knockout lines were significantly decreased. Yeast two-hybrid and Luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) assays showed that GhHDZ76 can interact with GhWRKY16 directly. As a transcription factor, GhHDZ76 has transcriptional activation activity, which could bind to L1-box elements of the promoters of GhRDL1 and GhEXPA1. Double luciferase reporter assay showed that the GhWRKY16 could enhance the transcriptional activity of GhHDZ76 to pGhRDL1, but it did not promote the transcriptional activity of GhHDZ76 to pGhEXPA1. GhHDZ76 protein may also promote the transcriptional activity of GhWRKY16 to the downstream target gene GhMYB25. Our results provided a new gene resource for fiber development and a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of cotton fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wu
- Cotton Research Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Shuiping Xiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plantation and High Valued Utilization of Specialty Fruit Tree and Tea, Economic Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), changji 831100, China
| | - Wenbin Ren
- Cotton Research Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shangguan
- Cotton Research Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Limin Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Pengbo Li
- Cotton Research Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China.
| | - Guoli Song
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
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Wu Q, Li Y, Chen M, Kong X. Companion cell mediates wound-stimulated leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400639121. [PMID: 38838018 PMCID: PMC11181143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400639121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf wounding triggers rapid long-range electrical signaling that initiates systemic defense responses to protect the plants from further attack. In Arabidopsis, this process largely depends on clade three GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) genes GLR3.3 and GLR3.6. In the cellular context, phloem sieve elements and xylem contact cells where GLRs were mostly present are implicated in the signaling events. In spite of that, the spatial requirements of different leaf cell types for leaf-to-leaf signaling remain poorly investigated. In this study, we dissected cell-type-specific long-distance wound signaling mediated by GLR3s and showed that phloem companion cells are critical in shaping the functions of GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 in the signaling pathway. GLR3.3-mediated response is phloem-specific, during which, GLR3.3 has to be renewed from companion cells to allow its function in sieve elements. GLR3.6 functions dually in ectopic phloem companion cells, in addition to xylem contact cells. Furthermore, the action of GLR3.6 in phloem is independent of its paralog GLR3.3 and probably requires synthesis of GLR3.6 from xylem contact cells. Overall, our work highlights that the phloem companion cell is crucial for both GLRs in controlling leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518120, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohang Kong
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518120, China
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Wu M, Bian X, Hu S, Huang B, Shen J, Du Y, Wang Y, Xu M, Xu H, Yang M, Wu S. A gradient of the HD-Zip regulator Woolly regulates multicellular trichome morphogenesis in tomato. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2375-2392. [PMID: 38470570 PMCID: PMC11132899 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Homeodomain (HD) proteins regulate embryogenesis in animals such as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), often in a concentration-dependent manner. HD-leucine zipper (Zip) IV family genes are unique to plants and often function in the L1 epidermal cell layer. However, our understanding of the roles of HD-Zip IV family genes in plant morphogenesis is limited. In this study, we investigated the morphogenesis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) multicellular trichomes, a type of micro-organ in plants. We found that a gradient of the HD-Zip IV regulator Woolly (Wo) coordinates spatially polarized cell division and cell expansion in multicellular trichomes. Moreover, we identified a TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN BINDING FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor-encoding gene, SlBRANCHED2a (SlBRC2a), as a key downstream target of Wo that regulates the transition from cell division to cell expansion. High levels of Wo promote cell division in apical trichome cells, whereas in basal trichome cells, Wo mediates a negative feedback loop with SlBRC2a that forces basal cells to enter endoreduplication. The restricted high and low activities of Wo pattern the morphogenesis of tomato multicellular trichomes. These findings provide insights into the functions of HD-Zip IV genes during plant morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinLiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - XinXin Bian
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - ShouRong Hu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - BenBen Huang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - JingYuan Shen
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - YaDi Du
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - YanLi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - MengYuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - HuiMin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - MeiNa Yang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Huebbers JW, Caldarescu GA, Kubátová Z, Sabol P, Levecque SCJ, Kuhn H, Kulich I, Reinstädler A, Büttgen K, Manga-Robles A, Mélida H, Pauly M, Panstruga R, Žárský V. Interplay of EXO70 and MLO proteins modulates trichome cell wall composition and susceptibility to powdery mildew. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1007-1035. [PMID: 38124479 PMCID: PMC10980356 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Exocyst component of 70-kDa (EXO70) proteins are constituents of the exocyst complex implicated in vesicle tethering during exocytosis. MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O (MLO) proteins are plant-specific calcium channels and some MLO isoforms enable fungal powdery mildew pathogenesis. We here detected an unexpected phenotypic overlap of Arabidopsis thaliana exo70H4 and mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 triple mutant plants regarding the biogenesis of leaf trichome secondary cell walls. Biochemical and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses corroborated deficiencies in the composition of trichome cell walls in these mutants. Transgenic lines expressing fluorophore-tagged EXO70H4 and MLO exhibited extensive colocalization of these proteins. Furthermore, mCherry-EXO70H4 mislocalized in trichomes of the mlo triple mutant and, vice versa, MLO6-GFP mislocalized in trichomes of the exo70H4 mutant. Expression of GFP-marked PMR4 callose synthase, a known cargo of EXO70H4-dependent exocytosis, revealed reduced cell wall delivery of GFP-PMR4 in trichomes of mlo triple mutant plants. In vivo protein-protein interaction assays in plant and yeast cells uncovered isoform-preferential interactions between EXO70.2 subfamily members and MLO proteins. Finally, exo70H4 and mlo6 mutants, when combined, showed synergistically enhanced resistance to powdery mildew attack. Taken together, our data point to an isoform-specific interplay of EXO70 and MLO proteins in the modulation of trichome cell wall biogenesis and powdery mildew susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Huebbers
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - George A Caldarescu
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Kubátová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sabol
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sophie C J Levecque
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Kuhn
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan Kulich
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anja Reinstädler
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Büttgen
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alba Manga-Robles
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Hugo Mélida
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 Lysolaje, Czech Republic
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Dong B, Xu Z, Wang X, Li J, Xiao Y, Huang D, Lv Z, Chen W. TrichomeLess Regulator 3 is required for trichome initial and cuticle biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:10. [PMID: 38500223 PMCID: PMC10949617 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Artemisinin is primarily synthesized and stored in the subepidermal space of the glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua. The augmentation of trichome density has been demonstrated to enhance artemisinin yield. However, existing literature lacks insights into the correlation between the stratum corneum and trichomes. This study aims to unravel the involvement of TrichomeLess Regulator 3 (TLR3), which encodes the transcription factor, in artemisinin biosynthesis and its potential association with the stratum corneum. TLR3 was identified as a candidate gene through transcriptome analysis. The role of TLR3 in trichome development and morphology was investigated using yeast two-hybrid, pull-down analysis, and RNA electrophoresis mobility assay. Our research revealed that TLR3 negatively regulates trichome development. It modulates the morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana trichomes by inhibiting branching and inducing the formation of abnormal trichomes in Artemisia annua. Overexpression of the TLR3 gene disrupts the arrangement of the stratum corneum and reduces artemisinin content. Simultaneously, TLR3 possesses the capacity to regulate stratum corneum development and trichome follicle morphology by interacting with TRICHOME AND ARTEMISININ REGULATOR 1, and CycTL. Consequently, our findings underscore the pivotal role of TLR3 in the development of glandular trichomes and stratum corneum biosynthesis, thereby influencing the morphology of Artemisia annua trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Dong
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - JinXing Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Doudou Huang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Ren X, Yang L, Muhammad Y, Xie Y, Lin X, Yu L, Cao Y, Ding M, Jiang Y, Rong J. The GaKAN2, a KANADI transcription factor, modulates stem trichomes in Gossypium arboreum. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:19. [PMID: 38416229 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GaKAN2, a member of the KANADI family, was found to be widely expressed in the cotton tissues and regulates trichome development through complex pathways. Cotton trichomes are believed to be the defense barrier against insect pests. Cotton fiber and trichomes are single-cell epidermal extensions with shared regulatory mechanisms. Despite several studies underlying mechanism of trichome development remains elusive. The KANADI is one of the key transcription factors (TFs) family, regulating Arabidopsis trichomes growth. However, the function of KANADI genes in cotton remains unknown. In the current study genome-wide scanning, transcriptomic analysis, gene silencing, subcellular localization, and yeast two-hybrid techniques were employed to decipher the function of KANADI TFs family genes in cotton crop. A total of 7 GaKAN genes were found in the Gossypium arboreum. Transcriptomic data revealed that these genes were significantly expressed in stem and root. Moreover, GaKAN2 was widely expressed in other tissues also. Subsequently, we selected GaKAN2 to validate the function of KANADI genes. Silencing of GaKAN2 resulted in a 24.99% decrease in single-cell trichomes and an 11.33% reduction in internodal distance, indicating its potential role in regulating trichomes and plant growth. RNA-Seq analysis elucidated that GaSuS and GaERS were the downstream genes of GaKAN2. The transcriptional activation and similarity in silencing phenotype between GaKAN2 and GaERS suggested that GaKAN2 regulates trichomes development through GaERS. Moreover, KEGG analysis revealed that a significant number of genes were enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, thereby suggesting that GaKAN2 regulates the stem trichomes and plant growth. The GFP subcellular localization and yeast transcriptional activation analysis elucidated that GaKAN2 was located in the nucleus and capable of regulating the transcription of downstream genes. This study elucidated the function and characteristics of the KANADI gene family in cotton, providing a fundamental basis for further research on GaKAN2 gene in cotton plant trichomes and plant developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiao Ren
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luying Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yasir Muhammad
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing Xie
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuefen Cao
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingquan Ding
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junkang Rong
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.
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Wu R, Liu Z, Sun S, Qin A, Liu H, Zhou Y, Li W, Liu Y, Hu M, Yang J, Rochaix JD, An G, Herrera-Estrella L, Tran LSP, Sun X. Identification of bZIP Transcription Factors That Regulate the Development of Leaf Epidermal Cells in Arabidopsis thaliana by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2553. [PMID: 38473801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cells are the main avenue for signal and material exchange between plants and the environment. Leaf epidermal cells primarily include pavement cells, guard cells, and trichome cells. The development and distribution of different epidermal cells are tightly regulated by a complex transcriptional regulatory network mediated by phytohormones, including jasmonic acid, and transcription factors. How the fate of leaf epidermal cells is determined, however, is still largely unknown due to the diversity of cell types and the complexity of their regulation. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of epidermal cells in 3-day-old true leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified two genes encoding BASIC LEUCINE-ZIPPER (bZIP) transcription factors, namely bZIP25 and bZIP53, which are highly expressed in pavement cells and early-stage meristemoid cells. Densities of pavement cells and trichome cells were found to increase and decrease, respectively, in bzip25 and bzip53 mutants, compared with wild-type plants. This trend was more pronounced in the presence of jasmonic acid, suggesting that these transcription factors regulate the development of trichome cells and pavement cells in response to jasmonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Susu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guoyong An
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Xuwu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
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9
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Ahmad B, Lerma-Reyes R, Mukherjee T, Nguyen HV, Weber AL, Schulze WX, Comer JR, Schrick K. Nuclear localization of HD-Zip IV transcription factor GLABRA2 is driven by Importin α. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565550. [PMID: 37961624 PMCID: PMC10635128 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
GLABRA2 (GL2), a class IV homeodomain leucine-zipper (HD-Zip IV) transcription factor (TF) from Arabidopsis , is a developmental regulator of specialized cell types in the epidermis. GL2 contains a putative monopartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) partially overlapping with its homeodomain (HD). We demonstrate that NLS deletion or alanine substitution of its basic residues (KRKRKK) affects nuclear localization and results in a loss-of-function phenotype. Fusion of the predicted NLS (GTNKRKRKKYHRH) to the fluorescent protein EYFP is sufficient for its nuclear localization in roots and trichomes. The functional NLS is evolutionarily conserved in a distinct subset of HD-Zip IV members including PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2). Despite partial overlap of the NLS with the HD, genetic dissection of the NLS from PDF2 indicates that nuclear localization and DNA binding are separable functions. Affinity purification of GL2 from plant tissues followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified Importin α (IMPα) isoforms as potential GL2 interactors. NLS structural prediction and molecular docking studies with IMPα-3 revealed major interacting residues. Split-ubiquitin cytosolic yeast two-hybrid assays suggest interaction between GL2 and four IMPα isoforms from Arabidopsis. Direct interactions were verified in vitro by co-immunoprecipitation with recombinant proteins. IMPα triple mutants ( impα- 1,2,3 ) exhibit defects in EYFP:GL2 nuclear localization in trichomes but not in roots, consistent with tissue-specific and redundant functions of IMPα isoforms in Arabidopsis . Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic evidence for IMPα-dependent nuclear localization of GL2 and other HD-Zip IV TFs in plants. One sentence summary GLABRA2, a representative HD-Zip IV transcription factor from Arabidopsis , contains an evolutionarily conserved monopartite nuclear localization sequence that is recognized by Importin α for translocation to the nucleus, a process that is necessary for cell-type differentiation of the epidermis.
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10
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Schrick K, Ahmad B, Nguyen HV. HD-Zip IV transcription factors: Drivers of epidermal cell fate integrate metabolic signals. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102417. [PMID: 37441837 PMCID: PMC10527651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The leaf epidermis comprises the outermost layer of cells that protect plants against environmental stresses such as drought, ultraviolet radiation, and pathogen attack. Research over the past decades highlights the role of class IV homeodomain leucine-zipper (HD-Zip IV) transcription factors (TFs) in driving differentiation of various epidermal cell types, such as trichomes, guard cells, and pavement cells. Evolutionary origins of this family in the charophycean green algae and HD-Zip-specific gene expression in the maternal genome provide clues to unlocking their secrets which include ties to cell cycle regulation. A distinguishing feature of these TFs is the presence of a lipid binding pocket that integrates metabolic information with gene expression. Identities of metabolic partners are beginning to emerge, uncovering feedback loops to maintain epidermal cell specification. Discoveries of associated molecular mechanisms are revealing fascinating links to phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism and mechanical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schrick
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hieu V Nguyen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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11
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Dong Y, Li S, Wu H, Gao Y, Feng Z, Zhao X, Shan L, Zhang Z, Ren H, Liu X. Advances in understanding epigenetic regulation of plant trichome development: a comprehensive review. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad145. [PMID: 37691965 PMCID: PMC10483894 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are controlled by a complex gene regulatory network, which is currently a focal point of research. It has been established that epigenetic factors play a crucial role in plant growth. Trichomes, specialized appendages that arise from epidermal cells, are of great significance in plant growth and development. As a model system for studying plant development, trichomes possess both commercial and research value. Epigenetic regulation has only recently been implicated in the development of trichomes in a limited number of studies, and microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation appears to dominate in this context. In light of this, we have conducted a review that explores the interplay between epigenetic regulations and the formation of plant trichomes, building upon existing knowledge of hormones and transcription factors in trichome development. Through this review, we aim to deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying trichome formation and shed light on future avenues of research in the field of epigenetics as it pertains to epidermal hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Dong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sen Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haoying Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongren Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya Hainan 572000, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya Hainan 572000, China
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12
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Meng Y, Lyu X, Liu J, Gao W, Ma Y, Liao N, Li Z, Bo Y, Hu Z, Yang J, Zhang M. Structural variation of GL1 gene determines the trichome formation in Brassica juncea. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:75. [PMID: 36952042 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A 448 kb region on chromosome B02 was delimited to be associated with trichome trait in Brassica juncea, in which the BjuVB02G54610 gene with a structural variation of 3 kb structure variation (SV) encoding a MYB transcription factor was predicted as the possible candidate gene. Mustards (Brassica juncea) are allopolyploid crops in the worldwide, and trichomes are essential quality attributes that significantly influence its taste and palpability in vegetable-use cultivars. As important accessory tissues from specialized epidermal cells, trichomes also play an important role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we constructed a F2 segregating population using YJ27 with intensive trichome leaves and 03B0307 with glabrous leaves as parents. By bulked segregant analysis (BSA-seq), we obtained a 2.1 Mb candidate region on B02 chromosome associated with the trichome or glabrous trait formation. Then, we used 13 Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers for fine mapping and finally narrowed down the candidate region to about 448 kb in length. Interestingly, among the region, there was a 3 kb sequence deletion that located on the BjuVB02G54610 gene in the F2 individuals with trichome leaves. Genotyping results of F2 populations confirmed this deletion (R2 = 81.44%) as a major QTL. Natural population re-sequencing analysis and genotyping results further validated the key role of the 3 kb structure variation (SV) of insertion/deletion type in trichome development in B. juncea. Our findings provide important information on the formation of trichomes and potential target gene for breeding vegetable mustards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Meng
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiagolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanqiao Liao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangping Li
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Bo
- Ningbo Weimeng Seed Industry Co.Ltd, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Epidermal injury-induced derepression of key regulator ATML1 in newly exposed cells elicits epidermis regeneration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1031. [PMID: 36823419 PMCID: PMC9950045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell fate determination depends on the relative positions of the cells in developing organisms. The shoot epidermis, the outermost cell layer of the above-ground organs in land plants, protects plants from environmental stresses. How the shoot epidermis is formed only from the outermost cells has remained unknown. Here we show that when inner leaf mesophyll cells are exposed to the surface, these cells show up-regulation of ATML1, a master regulator for epidermal cell identity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Epidermal cell types such as stomatal guard cells regenerate from young inner-lineage tissues that have a potential to accumulate ATML1 protein after epidermal injury. Surgical analyses indicate that application of pressure to the exposed site was sufficient to inhibit ATML1 derepression in the outermost mesophyll cells, suggesting this process requires pressure release. Furthermore, pharmacological analyses suggest that ATML1 derepression in the outermost mesophyll cells require cortical microtubule formation, MAPK signaling and proteasome activity. Our results suggest that surface-positional cues involving mechanical signaling are used to restrict ATML1 activity to the outermost cells and facilitate epidermal differentiation.
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14
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Pietsch J, Deneer A, Fleck C, Hülskamp M. Comparative expression analysis in three Brassicaceae species revealed compensatory changes of the underlying gene regulatory network. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1086004. [PMID: 36684738 PMCID: PMC9845631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1086004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are regularly distributed on the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. The gene regulatory network underlying trichome patterning involves more than 15 genes. However, it is possible to explain patterning with only five components. This raises the questions about the function of the additional components and the identification of the core network. In this study, we compare the relative expression of all patterning genes in A. thaliana, A. alpina and C. hirsuta by qPCR analysis and use mathematical modelling to determine the relative importance of patterning genes. As the involved proteins exhibit evolutionary conserved differential complex formation, we reasoned that the genes belonging to the core network should exhibit similar expression ratios in different species. However, we find several striking differences of the relative expression levels. Our analysis of how the network can cope with such differences revealed relevant parameters that we use to predict the relevant molecular adaptations in the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pietsch
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Deneer
- Biometris, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Fleck
- Spatial Systems Biology Group, Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Zhang H, Zhang K, Liu T, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Dong J, Wang F. The characterization and expression analysis under stress conditions of PCST1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2134675. [PMID: 36281762 PMCID: PMC9601564 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2134675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of PCST1 expression characteristics and the role of PCST1 in response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. The structure of PCST1 was analyzed using Bioinformatics method. Real-time PCR, GUS tissue localization and subcellular localization were adopted to analyze the expression pattern of PCST1 in Arabidopsis. To validate the transgenic positive strain of PCST1 using Real-time PCR, overexpression experiments were performed in wild type. Full-length cDNA was cloned and connected into a binary vector with 35S promoter, and the construction was transformed into wild type. With NaCl and mannitol treatments, the germination rate, green leaves rate, physiological indexes were carried out and counted in Arabidopsis with overexpression of PCST1 and T-DNA insertion mutants. The molecular mechanism of PCST1 in response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis was analyzed. Based on the bioinformatic analysis, PCST1 is a hydrophobin with 403 amino acids, and the molecular weight is 45.3236 KDa. It contains only the START (the lipid/sterol - binding StAR - related lipid transfer protein domains) conservative domain. PCST1 possesses phosphatidylcholine binding sites and transmembrane region. Expression pattern analysis showed that expression of PCST1 increased with time. The PCST1 widely expressed in Arabidopsis, including roots, axils of stem leaves, flowers (sepal, conductive tissue of the petal, thrum, anther and stigmas), and the top and basal parts of the siliquas. It mainly localized in cell membrane. The overexpression of PCST1 enhanced the sensitivity to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis based on the germination rate. While expression of PCST1 decreased, and the sensitivity to osmotic stress had no obvious change in Arabidopsis. Its molecular mechanism study showed, that PCST1 response to osmotic stress resistance by regulating the proline, betaine synthesis, as well as the expression of key genes SOS, NCED, CIPK. PCST1 is composed of 403 amino acids. The START conservative domain, a transmembrane structure, the phosphatidyl choline binding sites are contained in PCST1. It is localized in cytoplasmic membrane. The PCST1 widely expressed in the root, leaf, flower and siliquas. NaCl and mannitol suppressed the expression of PCST1 and PCST1 can negatively control action of Arabidopsis in the osmotic stress. PCST1 regulates the synthetic pathway of proline, betaine and the expression of SOS, NCED and CIPK in response to the osmotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Pear Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Fengru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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16
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Subedi B, Schrick K. EYFP fusions to HD-Zip IV transcription factors enhance their stability and lead to phenotypic changes in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2119013. [PMID: 36154907 PMCID: PMC9519029 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2119013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its derivatives are extensively used for labeling cells, monitoring gene expression and/or tracking the localization or interactions of proteins. Previous reports of detrimental effects of fluorescent protein (FP) expression include cytotoxicity and interference with fusion protein function or localization. Only a few studies have documented the fluorescent tag-specific effects in plants. Here, we show that placing an enhanced yellow FP (EYFP) tag on the amino-terminus of GLABRA2 (GL2) and PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2), two developmentally important HD-Zip IV transcription factors from Arabidopsis, enhances their protein stability. Additionally, expression of EYFP:GL2 not only rescued the gl2 null mutant but also resulted in the abnormal development of abaxially curled leaves associated with EYFP-tag induced GL2 overexpression. Our study raises concerns on the use of FPs regarding their effects on the native properties of target proteins as well as biological consequences of fusion protein expression on morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Subedi
- Division of Biology, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kathrin Schrick
- Division of Biology, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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17
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Qin Y, Sun M, Li W, Xu M, Shao L, Liu Y, Zhao G, Liu Z, Xu Z, You J, Ye Z, Xu J, Yang X, Wang M, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Tu L. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals fate determination control of an individual fibre cell initiation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2372-2388. [PMID: 36053965 PMCID: PMC9674311 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fibre is a unicellular seed trichome, and lint fibre initials per seed as a factor determines fibre yield. However, the mechanisms controlling fibre initiation from ovule epidermis are not understood well enough. Here, with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), a total of 14 535 cells were identified from cotton ovule outer integument of Xu142_LF line at four developmental stages (1.5, 1, 0.5 days before anthesis and the day of anthesis). Three major cell types, fibre, non-fibre epidermis and outer pigment layer were identified and then verified by RNA in situ hybridization. A comparative analysis on scRNA-seq data between Xu142 and its fibreless mutant Xu142 fl further confirmed fibre cluster definition. The developmental trajectory of fibre cell was reconstructed, and fibre cell was identified differentiated at 1 day before anthesis. Gene regulatory networks at four stages revealed the spatiotemporal pattern of core transcription factors, and MYB25-like and HOX3 were demonstrated played key roles as commanders in fibre differentiation and tip-biased diffuse growth respectively. A model for early development of a single fibre cell was proposed here, which sheds light on further deciphering mechanism of plant trichome and the improvement of cotton fibre yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Mengling Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Weiwen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Mingqi Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Lei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Yuqi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Guannan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Zhenping Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Zhongping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Jiaqi You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Zhengxiu Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Jiawen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Maojun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | | | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Lili Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
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18
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Liu Y, Ma Y, Aray H, Lan H. Morphogenesis and cell wall composition of trichomes and their function in response to salt in halophyte Salsola ferganica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:551. [PMID: 36447160 PMCID: PMC9710055 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To survive harsh environmental conditions, desert plants show various adaptions, such as the evolution of trichomes, which are protective epidermal protrusions. Currently, the morphogenesis and function of trichomes in desert plants are not well understood. Salsola ferganica is an annual halophyte distributed in cold deserts; at the seedling stage, its rod-shaped true leaves are covered with long and thick trichomes and are affected by habitat conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the trichomes on morphogenesis and cell wall composition of S. ferganica compared to Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton, related gene expression, and preliminary function in salt accumulation of the leaves. RESULTS The trichomes of S. ferganica were initiated from the epidermal primordium, followed by two to three rounds of cell division to form a multicellular trichome, while some genes associated with them were positively involved. Cell wall composition analysis showed that different polysaccharides including heavily methyl-esterified and fully de-esterified pectins (before maturation, probably in the primary wall), xyloglucans (in the mid-early and middle stages, probably in the secondary wall), and extensin (during the whole developmental period) were detected, which were different from those found in trichomes of Arabidopsis and cotton. Moreover, trichome development was affected by abiotic stress, and might accumulate salt from the mesophyll cells and secrete outside. CONCLUSIONS S. ferganica has multicellular, non-branched trichomes that undergo two to three rounds of cell division and are affected by abiotic stress. They have a unique cell wall composition which is different from that of Arabidopsis and cotton. Furthermore, several genes positively or negatively regulate trichome development. Our findings should contribute to our further understanding of the biogenesis and adaptation of plant accessory structures in desert plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Yali Ma
- Xinjiang Education College, Urumqi, 830043, China
| | - Hanat Aray
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Haiyan Lan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China.
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19
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Mukherjee T, Subedi B, Khosla A, Begler EM, Stephens PM, Warner AL, Lerma-Reyes R, Thompson KA, Gunewardena S, Schrick K. The START domain mediates Arabidopsis GLABRA2 dimerization and turnover independently of homeodomain DNA binding. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2315-2334. [PMID: 35984304 PMCID: PMC9706451 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Class IV homeodomain leucine-zipper transcription factors (HD-Zip IV TFs) are key regulators of epidermal differentiation that are characterized by a DNA-binding HD in conjunction with a lipid-binding domain termed steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer (START). Previous work established that the START domain of GLABRA2 (GL2), a HD-Zip IV member from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is required for TF activity. Here, we addressed the functions and possible interactions of START and the HD in DNA binding, dimerization, and protein turnover. Deletion analysis of the HD and missense mutations of a conserved lysine (K146) resulted in phenotypic defects in leaf trichomes, root hairs, and seed mucilage, similar to those observed for START domain mutants, despite nuclear localization of the respective proteins. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that while HD mutations impair binding to target DNA, the START domain is dispensable for DNA binding. Vice versa, protein interaction assays revealed impaired GL2 dimerization for multiple alleles of START mutants, but not HD mutants. Using in vivo cycloheximide chase experiments, we provided evidence for the role of START, but not HD, in maintaining protein stability. This work advances our mechanistic understanding of HD-Zip TFs as multidomain regulators of epidermal development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiya Mukherjee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Olivette, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Bibek Subedi
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Aashima Khosla
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Erika M Begler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Preston M Stephens
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Adara L Warner
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Ruben Lerma-Reyes
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Kyle A Thompson
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Kathrin Schrick
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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20
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Piao C, Gao Z, Yuan S, Li F, Cui ML. The R2R3-MYB gene CgMYB4 is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and fiber development in the stamens of Chelone glabra L. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1397-1407. [PMID: 35099606 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A Plantaginaceae flowering plant, Chelone glabra, is different from Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), as it produces fibers on the anther surface. However, the evolutionary molecular mechanism of how fiber development is controlled in the stamen is unclear. MYB genes are essential transcription factors for trichome and fiber development in plants. In this study, we isolated 29 MYB domain-containing sequences using early-stage anthers and several sets of degenerated primers conserved in the R2R3 domain of the MYB transcription factor. Among them, CgMYB4 is an R2R3-MYB gene encoding 281 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CgMYB4 is closely related to GhMYB25L/AmMIXTA, which controls fiber initiation and development in cotton and epidermal cell differentiation in the petals of Antirrhinum. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that CgMYB4 is strongly expressed at the stamens and carpels. Overexpression of CgMYB4 significantly enhanced root hair formation in transformed hairy roots, contrary to the root hair numbers, which were reduced in silenced CgMYB4 hairy roots. Moreover, overexpression of CgMYB4 also evidently promoted fiber development at filaments and conical cell-like epidermal cell increases at the anther wall. Our results showed that CgMYB4 is an R2R3-MYB gene and is positively involved in regulating cell division and fiber differentiation in the early stages of stamen development in C. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Piao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhenrui Gao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Siming Yuan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Min-Long Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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21
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Liu Z, Yu X, Qin A, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Sun S, Liu H, Guo C, Wu R, Yang J, Hu M, Bawa G, Sun X. Research strategies for single-cell transcriptome analysis in plant leaves. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:27-37. [PMID: 35904970 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent and continuous improvement in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has led to its emergence as an efficient experimental approach in plant research. However, compared with single-cell research in animals and humans, the application of scRNA-seq in plant research is limited by several challenges, including cell separation, cell type annotation, cellular function analysis, and cell-cell communication networks. In addition, the unavailability of corresponding reliable and stable analysis methods and standards has resulted in the relative decentralization of plant single-cell research. Considering these shortcomings, this review summarizes the research progress in plant leaf using scRNA-seq. In addition, it describes the corresponding feasible analytical methods and associated difficulties and problems encountered in the current research. In the end, we provide a speculative overview of the development of plant single-cell transcriptome research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xiaole Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Susu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - George Bawa
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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22
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Huebbers JW, Büttgen K, Panstruga R. Efficient Isolation and Purification of High-Quality Arabidopsis thaliana Trichomes. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e541. [PMID: 36066280 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are fine outgrowths on the surface of aerial plant organs which play a role in protecting plants against water loss, UV radiation, and herbivore feeding. Throughout the years, trichomes have become a popular paradigm in biological research. For example, trichomes on rosette leaves of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been used as a model to investigate cell development, cell differentiation, and, more recently, cell wall biogenesis. State of the art -omics studies on specific cell types or tissues often require physical separation, enrichment, and purification. This, of course, also applies to leaf trichomes, and various methods have thus been proposed to separate trichomes and leaf tissue. Though most of these methods are indeed suitable for trichome isolation, they suffer in part from tedious operating procedures, low yield, poor sample purity, and reduced trichome integrity. We have thus revised a previously reported method for trichome isolation, and report here an efficient and scalable procedure for the isolation and gradient centrifugation-based purification of high-quality A. thaliana trichomes. We describe the preparation of plant material and trichome release, which is based on prolonged gentle agitation of plant seedlings in the presence of a cation-chelating agent that weakens trichome-leaf interactions. We also outline the steps for the subsequent recovery and purification of the isolated crude trichome fraction, which is based on the use of discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. In addition to A. thaliana, we have found that this procedure can be applied to release and enrich glandular and non-glandular trichomes from various species, including Solanum lycopersicum and Nicotiana benthamiana. The resulting purified leaf trichomes can be subjected to different types of bioassays, including histochemistry, biochemical quantification of cell wall monosaccharides, and transcriptomics, as well as proteomic profiling. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of plant material for release and enrichment of A. thaliana trichomes Basic Protocol 2: Purification of A. thaliana trichomes by density gradient centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Huebbers
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Büttgen
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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23
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Lu S, He H, Wang P, Gou H, Cao X, Ma Z, Chen B, Mao J. Evolutionary relationship analysis of STARD gene family and VvSTARD5 improves tolerance of salt stress in transgenic tomatoes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13772. [PMID: 36054928 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer domain (STARD) forms a protein that can bind membrane-derived phospholipid second messengers and plasma membranes. Although it has been reported in many plants, the evolutionary relationship of the STARD gene family has not been systematically analyzed, and functions of the HD-START and HD-START-MEKHLA domain subgroup genes under hormone and abiotic stress are also unclear in grapes. This study identified and analyzed 23 VvSTARD genes, which were distinctly divided into five subgroups according to five conserved domain types. The analyses of codon preference, selective pressure, and synteny relationship revealed that grape had higher homology with Arabidopsis compared with rice. Interestingly, the expression levels of VvSTARD genes in subgroups 1, 2, and 3 exhibited significant upregulation under NaCl treatment at 24 h, but VvSTARD genes in subgroups 4 and 5 were upregulated under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment at 24 h. The subcellular localization showed that VvSTARD5 was localized in the nucleus. Additionally, under NaCl treatment at 24 h, there were an obvious decrease in the relative electrical leakages and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), while the relative expression level of VvSTARD5 and content of proline were obviously enhanced in three transgenic lines. Therefore, the overexpression of VvSTARD5 greatly increased the salt tolerance of transgenic tomatoes. Collectively, this study preliminarily explores the comprehensive function of the STARD gene family in grapes and verifies the function of VvSTARD5 in response to salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong He
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Gou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Cao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Su K, Sun J, Han J, Zheng T, Sun B, Liu S. Combined morphological and multi-omics analyses to reveal the developmental mechanism of Zanthoxylum bungeanum prickles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950084. [PMID: 36072325 PMCID: PMC9441855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. as an important economic forest, its epidermis bears prickles which complicate the harvesting process and increase the labor costs. To explore the developmental mechanism of prickles, three varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (PZB, SZB, GSZB) were selected for morphological and multi-omics analyses. The absorption spectra of prickles and stems were detected using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and they were found different at 1617, 1110, 3319, and 1999 cm-1. The morphology of prickles and stems were observed using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth direction of cells on the prickle side and stem side were perpendicular to each other, and there was a resembling abscission zone (RAZ) between them. The vacuolar deposits of prickle cells were much more than stem cells, indicating that the lignification degree of prickles was higher than stems. In addition, 9 candidate genes (ZbYABBY2, ZbYABBY1, ZbYABBY5, ZbWRKY, ZbLOG5, ZbAZG2, ZbGh16, ZbIAA33, and ZbGh16X1) were screened out and validated base on transcriptome and qRT-PCA. As well as, 30 key metabolites were found related to prickle development base on metabolome analysis. Among them, 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate, trans-2-hydroxy-cinnamate, trans-cinnamate, polyhydroxy-fatty acid, 10,16-dihydroxypalmitate, cinnamic acid were related to the biosynthesis of cutin, suberine and wax. Indole-3-acetate, tryptamine, anthranilate, fromylanthranilate, N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)-adenine were related to plant hormone signal transduction. Generally, this is the first study to reveal the developmental mechanism of prickles. The results of this study lay the foundation for the breeding of non-prickle Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexing Su
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiaqian Sun
- Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Han
- Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Xunhua County, Qinghai, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Bingyin Sun
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Xianyang, China
| | - Shuming Liu
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
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25
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Cui W, Chen Z, Shangguan X, Li T, Wang L, Xue X, Cao J. TRY intron2 determined its expression in inflorescence activated by SPL9 and MADS-box genes in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111311. [PMID: 35696911 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that protect plants from insects and pathogens. In Arabidopsis, epidermal hairs decrease as internodes increase in height, with only few epidermal hairs produced on the sepals abaxial surface of the early flowers. TRIPTYCHON (TRY) is known to be a negative regulator of epidermal hair development in Arabidopsis, suppressing the formation of ectopic epidermal hairs in the inflorescence. Here, we reported that the second intron of TRY gene plays a critical role in trichome spatial distribution in Arabidopsis. The expression of TRY rises with the increasing stem nodes and reaches the peak in the inflorescence, while the trichomes distribution decrease. The transgenic plants showed that TRY promoter could only drive the genomic instead of coding sequences combined with GUS reporter gene, which indicates that the regulatory elements of TRY expression in inflorescence could be located in the intron regions. Multiple SPLs and MADS-box binding sites were found in the TRY intron2 sequence. Further genetic and biochemistry assays revealed that the flowering-related genes such as SPL9 could bind to these cis-elements directly, contributing to the TRY spatial expression. Since cotton fiber and Arabidopsis trichomes share similar regulatory mechanism, extended analysis showed that the intron2 of cotton TRY genes also contain the cis-elements. Thus, the introns harboring the transcription element may be the general way to regulate the gene expression in different plants and provides molecular clues for the related crops' traits design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China, 572025
| | - Xiaoxia Shangguan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Taotao Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lingjian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueyi Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junfeng Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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26
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Lv Z, Li J, Qiu S, Qi F, Su H, Bu Q, Jiang R, Tang K, Zhang L, Chen W. The transcription factors TLR1 and TLR2 negatively regulate trichome density and artemisinin levels in Artemisia annua. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1212-1228. [PMID: 35355415 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The important antimalarial drug artemisinin is biosynthesized and stored in Artemisia annua glandular trichomes and the artemisinin content correlates with trichome density; however, the factors affecting trichome development are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the A. annua R2R3 MYB transcription factor TrichomeLess Regulator 1 (TLR1) negatively regulates trichome development. In A. annua, TLR1 overexpression lines had 44.7%-64.0% lower trichome density and 11.5%-49.4% lower artemisinin contents and TLR1-RNAi lines had 33%-93.3% higher trichome density and 32.2%-84.0% higher artemisinin contents compared with non-transgenic controls. TLR1 also negatively regulates the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes in A. annua. When heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, TLR1 interacts with GLABROUS3a, positive regulator of trichome development, and represses trichome development. Yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays indicated that TLR1 interacts with the WUSCHEL homeobox (WOX) protein AaWOX1, which interacts with the LEAFY-like transcription factor TLR2. TLR2 overexpression in Arabidopsis and A. annua showed that TLR2 reduces trichome development by reducing gibberellin levels. Furthermore, artemisinin contents were 19%-43% lower in TLR2-overexpressing A. annua plants compared to controls. These data indicate that TLR1 and TLR2 negatively regulate trichome density by lowering gibberellin levels and may enable approaches to enhance artemisinin yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - JinXing Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qitao Bu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
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27
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Dong M, Xue S, Bartholomew ES, Zhai X, Sun L, Xu S, Zhang Y, Yin S, Ma W, Chen S, Feng Z, Geng C, Li X, Liu X, Ren H. Transcriptomic and functional analysis provides molecular insights into multicellular trichome development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:301-314. [PMID: 35171294 PMCID: PMC9070826 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes, the hair-like structures located on aerial parts of most vascular plants, are associated with a wide array of biological processes and affect the economic value of certain species. The processes involved in unicellular trichome formation have been well-studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, our understanding of the morphological changes and the underlying molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome development is limited. Here, we studied the dynamic developmental processes involved in glandular and nonglandular multicellular trichome formation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and divided these processes into five sequential stages. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of multicellular trichome formation, we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing analysis. A total of 711 multicellular trichome-related genes were screened and a model for multicellular trichome formation was developed. The transcriptome and co-expression datasets were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. In addition, virus-induced gene silencing analysis revealed that CsHOMEOBOX3 (CsHOX3) and CsbHLH1 are involved in nonglandular trichome elongation and glandular trichome formation, respectively, which corresponds with the transcriptome data. This study presents a transcriptome atlas that provides insights into the molecular processes involved in multicellular trichome formation in cucumber and can be an important resource for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shudan Xue
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ezra S Bartholomew
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuling Zhai
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Nieves-Cordones M, Azeem F, Long Y, Boeglin M, Duby G, Mouline K, Hosy E, Vavasseur A, Chérel I, Simonneau T, Gaymard F, Leung J, Gaillard I, Thibaud JB, Véry AA, Boudaoud A, Sentenac H. Non-autonomous stomatal control by pavement cell turgor via the K+ channel subunit AtKC1. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2019-2037. [PMID: 35157082 PMCID: PMC9048897 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stomata optimize land plants' photosynthetic requirements and limit water vapor loss. So far, all of the molecular and electrical components identified as regulating stomatal aperture are produced, and operate, directly within the guard cells. However, a completely autonomous function of guard cells is inconsistent with anatomical and biophysical observations hinting at mechanical contributions of epidermal origins. Here, potassium (K+) assays, membrane potential measurements, microindentation, and plasmolysis experiments provide evidence that disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana K+ channel subunit gene AtKC1 reduces pavement cell turgor, due to decreased K+ accumulation, without affecting guard cell turgor. This results in an impaired back pressure of pavement cells onto guard cells, leading to larger stomatal apertures. Poorly rectifying membrane conductances to K+ were consistently observed in pavement cells. This plasmalemma property is likely to play an essential role in K+ shuttling within the epidermis. Functional complementation reveals that restoration of the wild-type stomatal functioning requires the expression of the transgenic AtKC1 at least in the pavement cells and trichomes. Altogether, the data suggest that AtKC1 activity contributes to the building of the back pressure that pavement cells exert onto guard cells by tuning K+ distribution throughout the leaf epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Boeglin
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Geoffrey Duby
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | | | - Alain Vavasseur
- CEA Cadarache DSV DEVM LEMS UMR 163, CNRS/CEA, F-13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- INRA Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Frédéric Gaymard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jeffrey Leung
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
- Institut des biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-UM-ENSCM) Campus CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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29
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Wang Y, Zhou Q, Meng Z, Abid MA, Wang Y, Wei Y, Guo S, Zhang R, Liang C. Multi-Dimensional Molecular Regulation of Trichome Development in Arabidopsis and Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:892381. [PMID: 35463426 PMCID: PMC9021843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that are widely distributed on plant aerial tissues. The initiation and progression of trichomes are controlled in a coordinated sequence of multiple molecular events. During the past decade, major breakthroughs in the molecular understanding of trichome development were achieved through the characterization of various trichomes defective mutants and trichome-associated genes, which revealed a highly complex molecular regulatory network underlying plant trichome development. This review focuses on the recent millstone in plant trichomes research obtained using genetic and molecular studies, as well as 'omics' analyses in model plant Arabidopsis and fiber crop cotton. In particular, we discuss the latest understanding and insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of trichomes formation at multiple dimensions, including at the chromatin, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. We summarize that the integration of multi-dimensional trichome-associated genes will enable us to systematically understand the molecular regulation network that landscapes the development of the plant trichomes. These advances will enable us to address the unresolved questions regarding the molecular crosstalk that coordinate concurrent and ordered the changes in cotton fiber initiation and progression, together with their possible implications for genetic improvement of cotton fiber.
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30
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Yang Q, Yang X, Wang L, Zheng B, Cai Y, Ogutu CO, Zhao L, Peng Q, Liao L, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Han Y. Two R2R3-MYB genes cooperatively control trichome development and cuticular wax biosynthesis in Prunus persica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:179-196. [PMID: 35023174 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fruit surface has an enormous impact on the external appearance and postharvest shelf-life of fruit. Here, we report two functionally redundant genes, PpMYB25 and PpMYB26, involved in regulation of fruit skin texture in peach. PpMYB25 can activate transcription of PpMYB26 and they both induce trichome development and cuticular wax accumulation, resulting in peach fruit with a fuzzy and dull appearance. By contrast, nonfunctional mutation of PpMYB25 caused by an insertional retrotransposon in the last exon in nectarine fails to activate transcription of PpMYB26, resulting in nectarine fruit with a smooth and shiny appearance due to loss of trichome initiation and decreased cuticular wax accumulation. Secondary cell wall biosynthesis in peach fruit pubescence is controlled by a transcriptional regulatory network, including the master regulator PpNAC43 and its downstream MYB transcription factors such as PpMYB42, PpMYB46 and PpMYB83. Our results show that PpMYB25 and PpMYB26 coordinately regulate fruit pubescence and cuticular wax accumulation and their simultaneous perturbation results in the origin of nectarine, which is botanically classified as a subspecies of peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yaming Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Collins Otieno Ogutu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liao Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Lv D, Wang G, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Qin PC, Pang JA, Sun JX, Zhang KY, He HL, Cai R, Pan JS. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Hard and Tender Fruit Spines of Cucumber to Identify Genes Involved in the Morphological Development of Fruit Spines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:797433. [PMID: 35371132 PMCID: PMC8965156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.797433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The spines of cucumber fruit not only have important commercial value but are also a classical tissue to study cell division and differentiation modes of multicellular trichomes. It has been reported that CsTs (C-type Lectin receptor-like kinase) can influence the development of fruit spines. In this study, we took a pair of cucumber materials defined as hard (Ts, wild type) and tender spines (ts, mutant) and defined the developmental process of fruit spines as consisting of four stages (stage I to stage IV) by continuously observing by microscope and SEM. Comparisons of transcriptome profiles at different development stages of wild-type spines showed that 803 and 722 genes were upregulated in the stalk (stage II and stage III) and base (stage IV) development stages of fruit spines, respectively. The function analysis of DEGs showed that genes related to auxin polar transport and HD-ZIP transcription factor are significantly upregulated during the development of the stalk. bHLH transcription factors and cytoskeleton-related genes were significantly upregulated during the development of the base. In addition, stage III is the key point for the difference between wild-type and mutant spines. We detected 628 DEGs between wild type and mutant at stage III. These DEGs are mainly involved in the calcium signaling of the cytoskeleton and auxin polar transport. Coincidentally, we found that CsVTI11, a factor involved in auxin signal transmission, can interact with CsTs in vivo, but this interaction does not occur between CsVTI11 and Csts, further suggesting that CsTs may regulate the development of fruit spines by influencing cell polarity. These results provide useful tools to study the molecular networks associated with cucumber fruit spine development and elucidate the biological pathways that C-type Lectin receptor-like kinase plays in regulating the development of fruit spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Committee of Agriculture and Rural Areas of Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Chao Qin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-An Pang
- Tianjin Derit Seeds Company Limited, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Xian Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Yan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Le He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Song Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Huebbers JW, Büttgen K, Leissing F, Mantz M, Pauly M, Huesgen PF, Panstruga R. An advanced method for the release, enrichment and purification of high-quality Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaf trichomes enables profound insights into the trichome proteome. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:12. [PMID: 35086542 PMCID: PMC8796501 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosette leaf trichomes of Arabidopsis thaliana have been broadly used to study cell development, cell differentiation and, more recently, cell wall biogenesis. However, trichome-specific biochemical or -omics analyses require a proper separation of trichomes from residual plant tissue. Thus, different strategies were proposed in the past for trichome isolation, which mostly rely on harsh conditions and suffer from low yield, thereby limiting the spectrum of downstream analyses. RESULTS To take trichome-leaf separation to the next level, we revised a previously proposed method for isolating A. thaliana trichomes by optimizing the mechanical and biochemical specifications for trichome release. We additionally introduced a density gradient centrifugation step to remove residual plant debris. We found that prolonged, yet mild seedling agitation increases the overall trichome yield by more than 60% compared to the original protocol. We noticed that subsequent density gradient centrifugation further visually enhances trichome purity, which may be advantageous for downstream analyses. Gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction validated a substantial enrichment upon purification of trichomes by density gradient centrifugation. Histochemical and biochemical investigation of trichome cell wall composition indicated that unlike the original protocol gentle agitation during trichome release largely preserves trichome integrity. We used enriched and density gradient-purified trichomes for proteomic analysis in comparison to trichome-depleted leaf samples and present a comprehensive reference data set of trichome-resident and -enriched proteins. Collectively we identified 223 proteins that are highly enriched in trichomes as compared to trichome-depleted leaves. We further demonstrate that the procedure can be applied to retrieve diverse glandular and non-glandular trichome types from other plant species. CONCLUSIONS We provide an advanced method for the isolation of A. thaliana leaf trichomes that outcompetes previous procedures regarding yield and purity. Due to the large amount of high-quality trichomes our method enabled profound insights into the so far largely unexplored A. thaliana trichome proteome. We anticipate that our protocol will be of use for a variety of downstream analyses, which are expected to shed further light on the biology of leaf trichomes in A. thaliana and possibly other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Huebbers
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Büttgen
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franz Leissing
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Melissa Mantz
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department for Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
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Kuan C, Yang SL, Ho CMK. Using quantitative methods to understand leaf epidermal development. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e28. [PMID: 37077990 PMCID: PMC10097589 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As the interface between plants and the environment, the leaf epidermis provides the first layer of protection against drought, ultraviolet light, and pathogen attack. This cell layer comprises highly coordinated and specialised cells such as stomata, pavement cells and trichomes. While much has been learned from the genetic dissection of stomatal, trichome and pavement cell formation, emerging methods in quantitative measurements that monitor cellular or tissue dynamics will allow us to further investigate cell state transitions and fate determination in leaf epidermal development. In this review, we introduce the formation of epidermal cell types in Arabidopsis and provide examples of quantitative tools to describe phenotypes in leaf research. We further focus on cellular factors involved in triggering cell fates and their quantitative measurements in mechanistic studies and biological patterning. A comprehensive understanding of how a functional leaf epidermis develops will advance the breeding of crops with improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kuan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Li Yang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Min Kimmy Ho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Author for correspondence: C.-M. K. Ho, E-mail:
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Yu CY, Sharma O, Nguyen PHT, Hartono CD, Kanehara K. A pair of DUF538 domain-containing proteins modulates plant growth and trichome development through the transcriptional regulation of GLABRA1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:992-1004. [PMID: 34496091 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SMALLER TRICHOMES WITH VARIABLE BRANCHES (SVB) is an emerging plant growth regulator in trichome development, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and phosphoinositide signaling, and belongs to the land plant-specific DUF538 domain-containing protein family. Despite its multifaceted roles, the functions of this protein family are poorly understood in plant growth and development. Here, we report that SVB-like (SVBL), the closest homolog of SVB, modulates plant growth and trichome development with SVB in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although none of the single mutants showed an obvious growth defect, the double mutants of svb svbl exhibited dwarfed plant growth. In trichome development, the defects in svb mutant were greatly enhanced by the additional mutation in SVBL, despite the single knockout of SVBL showing the mild defects. The double mutation reduced the transcript level of one of the central hub genes for trichome development, GLABRA1 (GL1), which in turn affects the other downstream genes, GLABRA2 (GL2), TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2), TRIPTYCHON (TRY), CAPRICE (CPC), and ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 (ETC1). In situ translational reporter assays showed that SVB and SVBL share highly similar localization patterns both at tissue and subcellular levels. The present study suggests that SVB and SVBL play a pivotal role in plant growth and trichome development by affecting a specific subset of known trichome developmental regulators, highlighting the importance of the DUF538 protein family in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Oshin Sharma
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Phong H T Nguyen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chynthia D Hartono
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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35
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Identification of the Group III WRKY Subfamily and the Functional Analysis of GhWRKY53 in Gossypium hirsutum L. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061235. [PMID: 34204463 PMCID: PMC8233714 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors had multiple functions in plant secondary metabolism, leaf senescence, fruit ripening, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress, and plant growth and development. However, knowledge of the group III WRKY subfamily in fiber development in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is largely absent. Previous studies have shown that there were 21 putative group III WRKY members in G. hirsutum L. These putative amino acid sequences from the III WRKY group were phylogenetically clustered into three clades. Multiple alignment, conservative motif analysis, and gene structure analysis showed that the members clustered together in the phylogenetic tree had similar motifs and gene structures. Expression pattern analysis revealed that variation in the expression levels of these genes in different tissues and fiber development stages. To better understand the functions of putative group III WRKY genes in G. hirsutum L., we selected the cotton fiber initiation-related gene GhWRKY53 for cloning and functional identification. The subcellular localization experiment of GhWRKY53 in Nicotiana tabacum leaves showed that it was located in the nucleus. The heterologous expression of GhWRKY53 in Arabidopsis thaliana could significantly increase the density of trichomes. Twelve proteins that interacted with GhWRKY53 were screened from the cotton fiber cDNA library by yeast two-hybrid experiment. This study findings lay a foundation for further research on the role of the GhWRKY53 during cotton fiber development and provide a new insight for further studying putative group III WRKY genes in G. hirsutum L. Our research results also provide vital information for the genetic mechanism of high-quality cotton fiber formation and essential genetic resources for cotton fiber quality improvement.
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Khan RA, Mohammad, Hurrah IM, Muzafar S, Jan S, Abbas N. Transcriptional regulation of trichome development in plants: an overview. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hua B, Chang J, Xu Z, Han X, Xu M, Yang M, Yang C, Ye Z, Wu S. HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN8 mediates jasmonate-triggered trichome elongation in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1063-1077. [PMID: 33474772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones can adjust the physiology and development of plants to enhance their adaptation to biotic and abiotic challenges. Jasmonic acid (JA), one of the immunity hormones in plants, triggers genome-wide transcriptional changes in response to insect attack and wounding. Although JA is known to affect the development of trichomes, epidermal appendages that form a protective barrier against various stresses, it remains unclear how JA interacts with developmental programs that regulate trichome development. In this study, we show that JA affects trichome length in tomato by releasing the transcriptional repression mediated by Jasmonate ZIM (JAZ) proteins. We identified SlJAZ4, a negative regulator preferentially expressed in trichomes, as the critical component in JA signaling in tomato trichomes. We also identified a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene, SlHD8, as the downstream regulator of JA signaling that promotes trichome elongation. SlHD8 is also highly expressed in trichomes and physically interacts with SlJAZ4. Loss-of-function mutations in SlHD8 caused shorter trichomes, a phenotype that was only partially rescued by methyl jasmonate treatment. Our dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR assays revealed that SlHD8 regulates trichome elongation by directly binding to the promoters of a set of cell-wall-loosening protein genes and activating their transcription. Together, our findings define SlHD8-SlJAZ4 as a key module mediating JA-induced trichome elongation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhijing Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Han
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meina Yang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Sultana S, Fujiwara D, Aoki K. Epidermal cell-patterning genes of the stem parasitic plant Cuscuta campestris are involved in the development of holdfasts. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:47-56. [PMID: 34177324 PMCID: PMC8215460 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.1116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cuscuta campestris, a stem parasitic plant, commences its parasitic behavior by forming a specialized disk-like adhesive structure called a holdfast, which facilitates tight adhesion to the stem surface of the host plant. The morphology of epidermal cells in the holdfast is similar to that of the leaf trichome and root hairs of dicotyledonous plants. However, the regulatory network underlying the development of the holdfast has not been elucidated to date. In this study, we assessed the roles of epidermal cell-patterning genes in the development of a holdfast. Epidermal cell-patterning genes of C. campestris, including CcWER, CcGL3, CcTTG1, CcGL2, and CcJKD, were expressed slightly before the initiation of the outgrowth of stem epidermal cells. CcJKD-silencing repressed CcJKD, CcWER, CcGL3, CcTTG1, CcGL2; therefore, CcJKD is an upstream regulator of other epidermal cell-patterning genes. Unlike other genes, CcCPC was not upregulated after attachment to the host, and was not repressed by CcJKD-silencing. Protein interaction assays demonstrated that CcJKD interacted with CcTTG1 and CcCPC. Furthermore, CcJKD-silencing repressed the outgrowth of holdfast epidermal cells. Therefore, C. campestris invokes epidermal cell-patterning genes for the outgrowth of holdfast epidermal cells, and their regulatory mechanism is different from those for leaf trichome or root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sultana
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-Cho, Naka-Ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Industrial Microbiology Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chittagong, Chittagong Cantonment, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Daiki Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-Cho, Naka-Ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Koh Aoki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-Cho, Naka-Ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Oultram JMJ, Pegler JL, Bowser TA, Ney LJ, Eamens AL, Grof CPL. Cannabis sativa: Interdisciplinary Strategies and Avenues for Medical and Commercial Progression Outside of CBD and THC. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030234. [PMID: 33652704 PMCID: PMC7996784 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa (Cannabis) is one of the world’s most well-known, yet maligned plant species. However, significant recent research is starting to unveil the potential of Cannabis to produce secondary compounds that may offer a suite of medical benefits, elevating this unique plant species from its illicit narcotic status into a genuine biopharmaceutical. This review summarises the lengthy history of Cannabis and details the molecular pathways that underpin the production of key secondary metabolites that may confer medical efficacy. We also provide an up-to-date summary of the molecular targets and potential of the relatively unknown minor compounds offered by the Cannabis plant. Furthermore, we detail the recent advances in plant science, as well as synthetic biology, and the pharmacology surrounding Cannabis. Given the relative infancy of Cannabis research, we go on to highlight the parallels to previous research conducted in another medically relevant and versatile plant, Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), as an indicator of the possible future direction of Cannabis plant biology. Overall, this review highlights the future directions of cannabis research outside of the medical biology aspects of its well-characterised constituents and explores additional avenues for the potential improvement of the medical potential of the Cannabis plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M. J. Oultram
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Joseph L. Pegler
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Timothy A. Bowser
- CannaPacific Pty Ltd., 109 Ocean Street, Dudley, NSW 2290, Australia;
| | - Luke J. Ney
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Christopher P. L. Grof
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
- CannaPacific Pty Ltd., 109 Ocean Street, Dudley, NSW 2290, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-4921-5858
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Li J, Wang X, Jiang R, Dong B, Fang S, Li Q, Lv Z, Chen W. Phytohormone-Based Regulation of Trichome Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734776. [PMID: 34659303 PMCID: PMC8514689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones affect plant growth and development. Many phytohormones are involved in the initiation of trichome development, which can help prevent damage from UV radiation and insect bites and produce fragrance, flavors, and compounds used as pharmaceuticals. Phytohormones promote the participation of transcription factors in the initiation of trichome development; for example, the transcription factors HDZIP, bHLH and MYB interact and form transcriptional complexes to regulate trichome development. Jasmonic acid (JA) mediates the progression of the endoreduplication cycle to increase the number of multicellular trichomes or trichome size. Moreover, there is crosstalk between phytohormones, and some phytohormones interact with each other to affect trichome development. Several new techniques, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system and single-cell transcriptomics, are available for investigating gene function, determining the trajectory of individual trichome cells and elucidating the regulatory network underlying trichome cell lineages. This review discusses recent advances in the modulation of trichome development by phytohormones, emphasizes the differences and similarities between phytohormones initially present in trichomes and provides suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boran Dong
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongyou Lv,
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Wansheng Chen,
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41
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Liu S, Fan L, Liu Z, Yang X, Zhang Z, Duan Z, Liang Q, Imran M, Zhang M, Tian Z. A Pd1-Ps-P1 Feedback Loop Controls Pubescence Density in Soybean. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1768-1783. [PMID: 33065270 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are universally present in plants and their development is delicately regulated. Trichomes are responsible for pubescence, whose density is associated with some agronomic traits such as insect resistance, evapotranspiration, and yield. Almost a century ago, three dominant alleles related to pubescence density in soybean, namely Pd1 (dense pubescence), Ps (sparse pubescence), and P1 (glabrous), were identified. However, their molecular identity and genetic relationships remain unclear. In this study, through a genome-wide association study and map-based cloning, we determined the genetic basis of these three traits. The sparse-pubescence phenotype of Ps was attributed to a copy-number variation of a 25.6-kb sequence that includes a gene encoding a protein with WD40 and RING domains. The dense-pubescence phenotype of Pd1 was attributed to a T-C transition in the last exon of an HD-Zip transcription factor gene, and the glabrous phenotype of P1 was caused by a G-A transition in the first exon of a lipid transfer protein gene. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that Pd1 functions as a transcriptional activator that can bind the promoters of the P1 and Ps genes to induce their expression; Interestingly, Pd1 can also bind its own promoter and inhibit its gene transcription. In addition, Ps can interact with Pd1 and weaken the transcriptional activity of Pd1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Pd1, Ps, and P1 form a complex feedback loop to regulate pubescence formation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongbiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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42
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Du H, Wang G, Pan J, Chen Y, Xiao T, Zhang L, Zhang K, Wen H, Xiong L, Yu Y, He H, Pan J, Cai R. The HD-ZIP IV transcription factor Tril regulates fruit spine density through gene dosage effects in cucumber. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6297-6310. [PMID: 32710537 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes and fruit spines are important traits that directly affect the appearance quality and commercial value of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Tril (Trichome-less), encodes a HD-Zip IV transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the initiation of trichomes and fruit spines, but little is known about the details of the regulatory mechanisms involved. In this study, analysis of tissue expression patterns indicated that Tril is expressed and functions in the early stages of organ initiation and development. Expression of Tril under the control of its own promoter (the TrilPro::Tril-3*flag fragment) could partly rescue the mutant phenotypes of tril, csgl3 (cucumber glabrous 3, an allelic mutant of tril), and fs1 (few spines 1, a fragment substitution in the Tril promoter region), providing further evidence that Tril is responsible for the initiation of trichomes and fruit spines. In lines with dense spine, fs1-type lines, and transgenic lines of different backgrounds containing the TrilPro::Tril-3*flag foreign fragment, spine density increased in conjunction with increases in Tril expression, indicating that Tril has a gene dosage effect on fruit spine density in cucumber. Numerous Spines (NS) is a negative regulatory factor of fruit spine density. Characterization of the molecular and genetic interaction between Tril and NS/ns demonstrated that Tril functions upstream of NS with respect to spine initiation. Overall, our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism governing the effect of Tril on fruit spine development, and provide a reference for future work on breeding for physical quality in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leyu Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifan Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangrong Xiong
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanle He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, China
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Cai Y, Bartholomew ES, Dong M, Zhai X, Yin S, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Wu L, Liu W, Shan N, Zhang X, Ren H, Liu X. The HD-ZIP IV transcription factor GL2-LIKE regulates male flowering time and fertility in cucumber. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5425-5437. [PMID: 32490515 PMCID: PMC7501822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber is dioecious by nature, having both male and female flowers, and is a model system for unisexual flower development. Knowledge related to male flowering is limited, but it is reported to be regulated by transcription factors and hormone signals. Here, we report functional characterization of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus) GL2-LIKE gene, which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) IV transcription factor that plays an important role in regulating male flower development. Spatial-temporal expression analyses revealed high-level expression of CsGL2-LIKE in the male flower buds and anthers. CsGL2-LIKE is closely related to AtGL2, which is known to play a key role in trichome development. However, ectopic expression of CsGL2-LIKE in Arabidopsis gl2-8 mutant was unable to rescue the gl2-8 phenotype. Interestingly, the silencing of CsGL2-LIKE delayed male flowering by inhibiting the expression of the florigen gene FT and reduced pollen vigor and seed viability. Protein-protein interaction assays showed that CsGL2-LIKE interacts with the jasmonate ZIM domain protein CsJAZ1 to form a HD-ZIP IV-CsJAZ1 complex. Collectively, our study indicates that CsGL2-LIKE regulates male flowering in cucumber, and reveals a novel function of a HD-ZIP IV transcription factor in regulating male flower development of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ezra S Bartholomew
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuling Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Licai Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Nan Shan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Correspondence:
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Sun H, Hao P, Gu L, Cheng S, Wang H, Wu A, Ma L, Wei H, Yu S. Pectate lyase-like Gene GhPEL76 regulates organ elongation in Arabidopsis and fiber elongation in cotton. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 293:110395. [PMID: 32081256 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pectate lyases (PELs) play important roles in plant growth and development, mainly by degrading the pectin in primary cell walls. However, the role of PELs in cotton fiber elongation, which also involves changes in cellular structure and components, is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to isolate and characterize GhPEL76, as we suspected it to contribute to the regulation of fiber elongation. Expression analysis (qRT-PCR) revealed that GhPEL76 is predominately expressed in cotton fiber, with significantly different expression levels in long- and short-fiber cultivars, and that GhPEL76 expression is responsive to gibberellic acid and indoleacetic acid treatment. Furthermore, GhPEL76 promoter-driven β-glucuronidase activity was detected in the roots, hypocotyls, and leaves of transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and the overexpression of GhPEL76 in transgenic Arabidopsis promoted the elongation of several organs, including petioles, hypocotyls, primary roots, and trichomes. Additionally, the virus-induced silencing of GhPEL76 in cotton reduced fiber length, and both yeast one-hybrid and transient dual-luciferase assays suggested that GhbHLH13, a bHLH transcription factor that is up-regulated during fiber elongation, activates GhPEL76 expression by binding to the G-box of the GhPEL76 promoter region. Therefore, these results suggest GhPEL76 positively regulates fiber elongation and provide a basis for future studies of cotton fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Pengbo Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Lijiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Aimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China.
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Peng S, Sun K, Guo Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Arabidopsis nucleoporin CPR5 controls trichome cell death through the core cell cycle regulator CKI. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:337-345. [PMID: 31692196 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis trichome is a polyploid epidermal cell resulting from multiple rounds of endocycles. The CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR (CKI) family proteins are core cell cycle regulators that promote the endocycle. CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF PR GENES 5 (CPR5) is a plant-specific nucleoporin. It has been found that two Arabidopsis CKI, SIAMESE (SIM) and SIAMESE-RELATED 1 (SMR1), function downstream of CPR5 to activate plant effector-triggered cell death. The sim smr1 double mutants form multicellular and clustered trichomes, while the cpr5 mutants produce dead and branchless trichomes. This study explored roles of the CPR5-CKI signalling pathway in trichome cell cycle transition. To examine the underlying mechanism of how cell cycle transition is regulated in plant trichomes, Trypan blue staining, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear DNA measurement were conducted. The native promoter-driven CKI and GUS fusion reporter showed that both SIM and SMR1 proteins were preferentially expressed in trichomes. The cpr5-induced dead and branchless trichomes were fully suppressed by the sim smr1 double mutant, suggesting that SIM and SMR1 function downstream of CPR5 in trichome development. Flow cytometry analysis showed that as compared to the number of 2C (C = DNA content in a haploid nucleus) cells, the number of 4C cells significantly increased, whereas that of polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) dramatically decreased in the cpr5 mutant. The elevated 4C/2C ratio in the cpr5 mutant is consistent with de-repression of pro-endocycle regulators SIM and SMR1. The polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) may be selectively targeted to cell death, which is therefore attributed to the branchless trichomes in the cpr5 mutant. Nuclear DNA content analysis demonstrated that the nuclear DNA content of trichomes in the cpr5 sim mutant was significantly higher than in the sim mutant, indicating that CPR5 is a negative endocycle regulator in trichomes. This study reveals that the CPR5-CKI signalling pathway controls trichome cell cycle transition and excessive endocycles are required for cell death in plant trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Chen S, Wang S. GLABRA2, A Common Regulator for Epidermal Cell Fate Determination and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204997. [PMID: 31601032 PMCID: PMC6834157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cell fate determination—including trichome initiation, root hair formation, and flavonoid and mucilage biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)—are controlled by a similar transcriptional regulatory network. In the network, it has been proposed that the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) activator complexes formed by an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, a bHLH transcription factor and the WD40-repeat protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) regulate the expression of downstream genes required for cell fate determination, flavonoid or mucilage biosynthesis, respectively. In epidermal cell fate determination and mucilage biosynthesis, the MBW activator complexes activate the expression of GLABRA2 (GL2). GL2 is a homeodomain transcription factor that promotes trichome initiation in shoots, mucilage biosynthesis in seeds, and inhibits root hair formation in roots. The MBW activator complexes also activate several R3 MYB genes. The R3 MYB proteins, in turn, competing with the R2R3 MYBs for binding bHLH transcription factors, therefore inhibiting the formation of the MBW activator complexes, lead to the inhibition of trichome initiation in shoots, and promotion of root hair formation in roots. In flavonoid biosynthesis, the MBW activator complexes activate the expression of the late biosynthesis genes in the flavonoid pathway, resulting in the production of anthocyanins or proanthocyanidins. Research progress in recent years suggests that the transcriptional regulatory network that controls epidermal cell fate determination and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is far more complicated than previously thought. In particular, more regulators of GL2 have been identified, and GL2 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. This review focuses on the research progress on the regulation of GL2 expression, and the roles of GL2 in the regulation of epidermal cell fate determination and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Shucai Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Wang Z, Yang Z, Li F. Updates on molecular mechanisms in the development of branched trichome in Arabidopsis and nonbranched in cotton. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1706-1722. [PMID: 31111642 PMCID: PMC6686129 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells and a vital plant organ that protect plants from various harms and provide valuable resources for plant development and use. Some key genes related to trichomes have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana through glabrous mutants and gene cloning, and the hub MYB-bHLH-WD40, consisting of several factors including GLABRA1 (GL1), GL3, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), has been established. Subsequently, some upstream transcription factors, phytohormones and epigenetic modification factors have also been studied in depth. In cotton, a very important fibre and oil crop globally, in addition to the key MYB-like factors, more important regulators and potential molecular mechanisms (e.g. epigenetic modifiers, distinct metabolic pathways) are being exploited during different fibre developmental stages. This occurs due to increased cotton research, resulting in the discovery of more complex regulation mechanisms from the allotetraploid genome of cotton. In addition, some conservative as well as specific mediators are involved in trichome development in other species. This study summarizes molecular mechanisms in trichome development and provides a detailed comparison of the similarities and differences between Arabidopsis and cotton, analyses the possible reasons for the discrepancy in identification of regulators, and raises future questions and foci for understanding trichome development in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Zuoren Yang
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
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Fambrini M, Pugliesi C. The Dynamic Genetic-Hormonal Regulatory Network Controlling the Trichome Development in Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E253. [PMID: 31357744 PMCID: PMC6724107 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes are outgrowths developed from an epidermal pavement cells of leaves and other organs. Trichomes (also called 'hairs') play well-recognized roles in defense against insect herbivores, forming a physical barrier that obstructs insect movement and mediating chemical defenses. In addition, trichomes can act as a mechanosensory switch, transducing mechanical stimuli (e.g., insect movement) into physiological signals, helping the plant to respond to insect attacks. Hairs can also modulate plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as water loss, an excess of light and temperature, and reflect light to protect plants against UV radiation. The structure of trichomes is species-specific and this trait is generally related to their function. These outgrowths are easily analyzed and their origin represents an outstanding subject to study epidermal cell fate and patterning in plant organs. In leaves, the developmental control of the trichomatous complement has highlighted a regulatory network based on four fundamental elements: (i) genes that activate and/or modify the normal cell cycle of epidermal pavement cells (i.e., endoreduplication cycles); (ii) transcription factors that create an activator/repressor complex with a central role in determining cell fate, initiation, and differentiation of an epidermal cell in trichomes; (iii) evidence that underlines the interplay of the aforesaid complex with different classes of phytohormones; (iv) epigenetic mechanisms involved in trichome development. Here, we reviewed the role of genes in the development of trichomes, as well as the interaction between genes and hormones. Furthermore, we reported basic studies about the regulation of the cell cycle and the complexity of trichomes. Finally, this review focused on the epigenetic factors involved in the initiation and development of hairs, mainly on leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fambrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Wang T, Jia Q, Wang W, Hussain S, Ahmed S, Zhou DX, Ni Z, Wang S. GCN5 modulates trichome initiation in Arabidopsis by manipulating histone acetylation of core trichome initiation regulator genes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:755-765. [PMID: 30927071 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferase GCN5 affects trichome initiation via mediating the expression of some core trichome initiation regulator genes in Arabidopsis. GENERAL CONTROL NON-REPRESSED PROTEIN5 (GCN5), a histone acetyltransferase involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, organ development, secondary metabolism, and plant responses to abiotic stresses, has recently been shown to modulate trichome branching in Arabidopsis. Here, we provide evidence that GCN5 is also involved in the regulation of trichome initiation. We found that mutation of GCN5 led to increased leaf trichome density in Arabidopsis. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the expression of CPC, GL1, GL2, and GL3, four well-known core trichome initiation regulator genes, was decreased in the gcn5 mutants. ChIP assays indicated that these four trichome initiation regulator genes are direct targets of GCN5. Consistent with these results, GCN5-mediated H3K14/K9 acetylation levels on the TSS regions of these genes were decreased. On the other hand, leaf trichome density was reduced in plants overexpressing GCN5, and both the transcript levels and GCN5-binding enrichments of CPC, GL1, GL2, and GL3 genes were elevated. Taken together, these data suggests that GCN5 affects trichome initiation by modulating the transcription activities of trichome initiation regulator genes via H3K9/14 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qiming Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- Institute of Plant Science Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
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Genetic and molecular analysis of trichome development in Arabis alpina. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12078-12083. [PMID: 31123146 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819440116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic and molecular analysis of trichome development in Arabidopsis thaliana has generated a detailed knowledge about the underlying regulatory genes and networks. However, how rapidly these mechanisms diverge during evolution is unknown. To address this problem, we used an unbiased forward genetic approach to identify most genes involved in trichome development in the related crucifer species Arabis alpina In general, we found most trichome mutant classes known in A. thaliana We identified orthologous genes of the relevant A. thaliana genes by sequence similarity and synteny and sequenced candidate genes in the A. alpina mutants. While in most cases we found a highly similar gene-phenotype relationship as known from Arabidopsis, there were also striking differences in the regulation of trichome patterning, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Our analysis of trichome patterning suggests that the formation of two classes of trichomes is regulated differentially by the homeodomain transcription factor AaGL2 Moreover, we show that overexpression of the GL3 basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor in A. alpina leads to the opposite phenotype as described in A. thaliana Mathematical modeling helps to explain how this nonintuitive behavior can be explained by different ratios of GL3 and GL1 in the two species.
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