1
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Chen Y, Ye X, Zhong Y, Kang X, Tang Y, Zhu H, Pang C, Ning S, Liang S, Zhang F, Li C, Li J, Gu C, Cheng Y, Kuang Z, Qiu J, Jin J, Luo H, Fu M, Hui HX, Li L, Ruan D, Liu P, Chen X, Sun L, Ai S, Gao X. SP6 controls human cytotrophoblast fate decisions and trophoblast stem cell establishment by targeting MSX2 regulatory elements. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1506-1522.e11. [PMID: 38582082 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The commitment and differentiation of human placental progenitor cytotrophoblast (CT) cells are crucial for a successful pregnancy, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the transcription factor (TF), specificity protein 6 (SP6), as a human species-specific trophoblast lineage TF expressed in human placental CT cells. Using pluripotent stem cells as a model, we demonstrated that SP6 controls CT generation and the establishment of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and identified msh homeobox 2 (MSX2) as the downstream effector in these events. Mechanistically, we showed that SP6 interacts with histone acetyltransferase P300 to alter the landscape of H3K27ac at targeted regulatory elements, thereby favoring transcriptional activation and facilitating CT cell fate decisions and TSC maintenance. Our results established SP6 as a regulator of the human trophoblast lineage and implied its role in placental development and the pathogenies of placental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xianhua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiangjin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haoyun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Changmiao Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoqiang Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shiqing Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Feifan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chengtao Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanxiong Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanpeng Kuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingyang Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haisi Luo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mingyu Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hannah Xiaoyan Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Degong Ruan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell, and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell, and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liangzhong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Shanshan Ai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xuefei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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2
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Singh AA, Shetty DK, Jacob AG, Bayraktar S, Sinha S. Understanding genomic medicine for thoracic aortic disease through the lens of induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1349548. [PMID: 38440211 PMCID: PMC10910110 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1349548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic disease (TAD) is often silent until a life-threatening complication occurs. However, genetic information can inform both identification and treatment at an early stage. Indeed, a diagnosis is important for personalised surveillance and intervention plans, as well as cascade screening of family members. Currently, only 20% of heritable TAD patients have a causative mutation identified and, consequently, further advances in genetic coverage are required to define the remaining molecular landscape. The rapid expansion of next generation sequencing technologies is providing a huge resource of genetic data, but a critical issue remains in functionally validating these findings. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are patient-derived, reprogrammed cell lines which allow mechanistic insights, complex modelling of genetic disease and a platform to study aortic genetic variants. This review will address the need for iPSCs as a frontline diagnostic tool to evaluate variants identified by genomic discovery studies and explore their evolving role in biological insight through to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Karbassi E, Padgett R, Bertero A, Reinecke H, Klaiman JM, Yang X, Hauschka SD, Murry CE. Targeted CRISPR activation is functional in engineered human pluripotent stem cells but undergoes silencing after differentiation into cardiomyocytes and endothelium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:95. [PMID: 38372898 PMCID: PMC10876724 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer opportunities to study human biology where primary cell types are limited. CRISPR technology allows forward genetic screens using engineered Cas9-expressing cells. Here, we sought to generate a CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) hiPSC line to activate endogenous genes during pluripotency and differentiation. We first targeted catalytically inactive Cas9 fused to VP64, p65 and Rta activators (dCas9-VPR) regulated by the constitutive CAG promoter to the AAVS1 safe harbor site. These CRISPRa hiPSC lines effectively activate target genes in pluripotency, however the dCas9-VPR transgene expression is silenced after differentiation into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. To understand this silencing, we systematically tested different safe harbor sites and different promoters. Targeting to safe harbor sites hROSA26 and CLYBL loci also yielded hiPSCs that expressed dCas9-VPR in pluripotency but silenced during differentiation. Muscle-specific regulatory cassettes, derived from cardiac troponin T or muscle creatine kinase promoters, were also silent after differentiation when dCas9-VPR was introduced. In contrast, in cell lines where the dCas9-VPR sequence was replaced with cDNAs encoding fluorescent proteins, expression persisted during differentiation in all loci and with all promoters. Promoter DNA was hypermethylated in CRISPRa-engineered lines, and demethylation with 5-azacytidine enhanced dCas9-VPR gene expression. In summary, the dCas9-VPR cDNA is readily expressed from multiple loci during pluripotency but induces silencing in a locus- and promoter-independent manner during differentiation to mesoderm derivatives. Researchers intending to use this CRISPRa strategy during stem cell differentiation should pilot their system to ensure it remains active in their population of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Karbassi
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ruby Padgett
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Hans Reinecke
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jordan M Klaiman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Stephen D Hauschka
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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4
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Cooper F, Souilhol C, Haston S, Gray S, Boswell K, Gogolou A, Frith TJR, Stavish D, James BM, Bose D, Kim Dale J, Tsakiridis A. Notch signalling influences cell fate decisions and HOX gene induction in axial progenitors. Development 2024; 151:dev202098. [PMID: 38223992 PMCID: PMC10911136 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The generation of the post-cranial embryonic body relies on the coordinated production of spinal cord neurectoderm and presomitic mesoderm cells from neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs). This process is orchestrated by pro-neural and pro-mesodermal transcription factors that are co-expressed in NMPs together with Hox genes, which are essential for axial allocation of NMP derivatives. NMPs reside in a posterior growth region, which is marked by the expression of Wnt, FGF and Notch signalling components. Although the importance of Wnt and FGF in influencing the induction and differentiation of NMPs is well established, the precise role of Notch remains unclear. Here, we show that the Wnt/FGF-driven induction of NMPs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) relies on Notch signalling. Using hESC-derived NMPs and chick embryo grafting, we demonstrate that Notch directs a pro-mesodermal character at the expense of neural fate. We show that Notch also contributes to activation of HOX gene expression in human NMPs, partly in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Finally, we provide evidence that Notch exerts its effects via the establishment of a negative-feedback loop with FGF signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Cooper
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Celine Souilhol
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Scott Haston
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Shona Gray
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Katy Boswell
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Antigoni Gogolou
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas J. R. Frith
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Dylan Stavish
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Bethany M. James
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Daniel Bose
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jacqueline Kim Dale
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Anestis Tsakiridis
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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5
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Vlassis A, Jensen TL, Mohr M, Jedrzejczyk DJ, Meng X, Kovacs G, Morera-Gómez M, Barghetti A, Muyo Abad S, Baumgartner RF, Natarajan KN, Nielsen LK, Warnecke T, Gill RT. CRISPR-Cas12a-integrated transgenes in genomic safe harbors retain high expression in human hematopoietic iPSC-derived lineages and primary cells. iScience 2023; 26:108287. [PMID: 38034357 PMCID: PMC10682145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of genomic safe harbor sites (SHSs) is fundamental for multiple transgene integrations, such as reporter genes, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), and safety switches, which are required for safe cell products for regenerative cell therapies and immunotherapies. Here we identified and characterized potential SHS in human cells. Using the CRISPR-MAD7 system, we integrated transgenes at these sites in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), primary T and natural killer (NK) cells, and Jurkat cell line, and demonstrated efficient and stable expression at these loci. Subsequently, we validated the differentiation potential of engineered iPSC toward CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), lymphoid progenitor cells (LPCs), and NK cells and showed that transgene expression was perpetuated in these lineages. Finally, we demonstrated that engineered iPSC-derived NK cells retained expression of a non-virally integrated anti-CD19 CAR, suggesting that several of the investigated SHSs can be used to engineer cells for adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsenios Vlassis
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tanja L. Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marina Mohr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dominika J. Jedrzejczyk
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiangyou Meng
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gergo Kovacs
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 224, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martí Morera-Gómez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Barghetti
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Artisan Bio, 363 Centennial Parkway, Suite 310, Louisville, CO 80027, USA
| | - Sergi Muyo Abad
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Roland F. Baumgartner
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Artisan Bio, 363 Centennial Parkway, Suite 310, Louisville, CO 80027, USA
| | - Kedar N. Natarajan
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 224, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars K. Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tanya Warnecke
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Artisan Bio, 363 Centennial Parkway, Suite 310, Louisville, CO 80027, USA
| | - Ryan T. Gill
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Artisan Bio, 363 Centennial Parkway, Suite 310, Louisville, CO 80027, USA
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6
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Xu T, Su P, Wu L, Li D, Qin W, Li Q, Zhou J, Miao YL. OCT4 regulates WNT/β-catenin signaling and prevents mesoendoderm differentiation by repressing EOMES in porcine pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2855-2866. [PMID: 37942811 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory network between signaling pathways and transcription factors (TFs) is crucial for the maintenance of pluripotent stem cells. However, little is known about how the key TF OCT4 coordinates signaling pathways to regulate self-renewal and lineage differentiation of porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs). Here, we explored the function of OCT4 in pPSCs by transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis. The TFs motif enrichment analysis revealed that, following OCT4 knockdown, the regions of increased chromatin accessibility were enriched with EOMES, GATA6, and FOXA1, indicating that pPSCs differentiated toward the mesoendoderm (ME) lineage. Besides, pPSCs rapidly differentiated into ME when the WNT/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 was removed. However, the ME differentiation of pPSCs caused by OCT4 knockdown did not rely on the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling because the target gene of WNT/β-catenin signaling, AXIN2 was not upregulated after OCT4 knockdown, despite significant upregulation of WLS and some WNT ligands. Importantly, OCT4 is directly bound to the promoter and enhancers of EOMES and repressed its transcription. Overexpression of EOMES was sufficient to induce ME differentiation in the presence of XAV939. These results demonstrate that OCT4 can regulate WNT/β-catenin signaling and prevent ME differentiation of pPSCs by repressing EOMES transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Su
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linhui Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Delong Li
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jilong Zhou
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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7
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Häfner SJ, Jansson MD, Altinel K, Andersen KL, Abay-Nørgaard Z, Ménard P, Fontenas M, Sørensen DM, Gay DM, Arendrup FS, Tehler D, Krogh N, Nielsen H, Kraushar ML, Kirkeby A, Lund AH. Ribosomal RNA 2'-O-methylation dynamics impact cell fate decisions. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1593-1609.e9. [PMID: 37473757 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Translational regulation impacts both pluripotency maintenance and cell differentiation. To what degree the ribosome exerts control over this process remains unanswered. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated heterogeneity in ribosome composition in various organisms. 2'-O-methylation (2'-O-me) of rRNA represents an important source of heterogeneity, where site-specific alteration of methylation levels can modulate translation. Here, we examine changes in rRNA 2'-O-me during mouse brain development and tri-lineage differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We find distinct alterations between brain regions, as well as clear dynamics during cortex development and germ layer differentiation. We identify a methylation site impacting neuronal differentiation. Modulation of its methylation levels affects ribosome association of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and is accompanied by an altered translation of WNT pathway-related mRNAs. Together, these data identify ribosome heterogeneity through rRNA 2'-O-me during early development and differentiation and suggest a direct role for ribosomes in regulating translation during cell fate acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Häfner
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Martin D Jansson
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kübra Altinel
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper L Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zehra Abay-Nørgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW) and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrice Ménard
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Fontenas
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel M Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Gay
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederic S Arendrup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Disa Tehler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Agnete Kirkeby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW) and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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Balmas E, Sozza F, Bottini S, Ratto ML, Savorè G, Becca S, Snijders KE, Bertero A. Manipulating and studying gene function in human pluripotent stem cell models. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2250-2287. [PMID: 37519013 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are uniquely suited to study human development and disease and promise to revolutionize regenerative medicine. These applications rely on robust methods to manipulate gene function in hPSC models. This comprehensive review aims to both empower scientists approaching the field and update experienced stem cell biologists. We begin by highlighting challenges with manipulating gene expression in hPSCs and their differentiated derivatives, and relevant solutions (transfection, transduction, transposition, and genomic safe harbor editing). We then outline how to perform robust constitutive or inducible loss-, gain-, and change-of-function experiments in hPSCs models, both using historical methods (RNA interference, transgenesis, and homologous recombination) and modern programmable nucleases (particularly CRISPR/Cas9 and its derivatives, i.e., CRISPR interference, activation, base editing, and prime editing). We further describe extension of these approaches for arrayed or pooled functional studies, including emerging single-cell genomic methods, and the related design and analytical bioinformatic tools. Finally, we suggest some directions for future advancements in all of these areas. Mastering the combination of these transformative technologies will empower unprecedented advances in human biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Balmas
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Sozza
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Sveva Bottini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Ratto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Savorè
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Becca
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Kirsten Esmee Snijders
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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9
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Baranes K, Hastings N, Rahman S, Poulin N, Tavares JM, Kuan W, Syed N, Kunz M, Blighe K, Belgard TG, Kotter MRN. Transcription factor combinations that define human astrocyte identity encode significant variation of maturity and function. Glia 2023; 71:1870-1889. [PMID: 37029764 PMCID: PMC10952910 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that cellular identity can be reduced to the distinct gene regulatory networks controlled by transcription factors (TFs). However, redundancy exists in these states as different combinations of TFs can induce broadly similar cell types. We previously demonstrated that by overcoming gene silencing, it is possible to deterministically reprogram human pluripotent stem cells directly into cell types of various lineages. In the present study we leverage the consistency and precision of our approach to explore four different TF combinations encoding astrocyte identity, based on previously published reports. Analysis of the resulting induced astrocytes (iAs) demonstrated that all four cassettes generate cells with the typical morphology of in vitro astrocytes, which expressed astrocyte-specific markers. The transcriptional profiles of all four iAs clustered tightly together and displayed similarities with mature human astrocytes, although maturity levels differed between cells. Importantly, we found that the TF cassettes induced iAs with distinct differences with regards to their cytokine response and calcium signaling. In vivo transplantation of selected iAs into immunocompromised rat brains demonstrated long term stability and integration. In conclusion, all four TF combinations were able to induce stable astrocyte-like cells that were morphologically similar but showed subtle differences with respect to their transcriptome. These subtle differences translated into distinct differences with regards to cell function, that could be related to maturation state and/or regional identity of the resulting cells. This insight opens an opportunity to precision-engineer cells to meet functional requirements, for example, in the context of therapeutic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koby Baranes
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Nataly Hastings
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Noah Poulin
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Joana M. Tavares
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Wei‐Li Kuan
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
| | - Najeeb Syed
- The Bioinformatics CROSanfordFlorida32771USA
| | - Meik Kunz
- The Bioinformatics CROSanfordFlorida32771USA
| | | | | | - Mark R. N. Kotter
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
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10
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Grove JI, Lo PC, Shrine N, Barwell J, Wain LV, Tobin MD, Salter AM, Borkar AN, Cuevas-Ocaña S, Bennett N, John C, Ntalla I, Jones GE, Neal CP, Thomas MG, Kuht H, Gupta P, Vemala VM, Grant A, Adewoye AB, Shenoy KT, Balakumaran LK, Hollox EJ, Hannan NR, Aithal GP. Identification and characterisation of a rare MTTP variant underlying hereditary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100764. [PMID: 37484212 PMCID: PMC10362796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex trait with an estimated prevalence of 25% globally. We aimed to identify the genetic variant underlying a four-generation family with progressive NAFLD leading to cirrhosis, decompensation, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of common risk factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Methods Exome sequencing and genome comparisons were used to identify the likely causal variant. We extensively characterised the clinical phenotype and post-prandial metabolic responses of family members with the identified novel variant in comparison with healthy non-carriers and wild-type patients with NAFLD. Variant-expressing hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) were derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells generated from homozygous donor skin fibroblasts and restored to wild-type using CRISPR-Cas9. The phenotype was assessed using imaging, targeted RNA analysis, and molecular expression arrays. Results We identified a rare causal variant c.1691T>C p.I564T (rs745447480) in MTTP, encoding microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), associated with progressive NAFLD, unrelated to metabolic syndrome and without characteristic features of abetalipoproteinaemia. HLCs derived from a homozygote donor had significantly lower MTP activity and lower lipoprotein ApoB secretion than wild-type cells, while having similar levels of MTP mRNA and protein. Cytoplasmic triglyceride accumulation in HLCs triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress, secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, and production of reactive oxygen species. Conclusions We have identified and characterised a rare causal variant in MTTP, and homozygosity for MTTP p.I564T is associated with progressive NAFLD without any other manifestations of abetalipoproteinaemia. Our findings provide insights into mechanisms driving progressive NAFLD. Impact and Implications A rare genetic variant in the gene MTTP has been identified as responsible for the development of severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a four-generation family with no typical disease risk factors. A cell line culture created harbouring this variant gene was characterised to understand how this genetic variation leads to a defect in liver cells, which results in accumulation of fat and processes that promote disease. This is now a useful model for studying the disease pathways and to discover new ways to treat common types of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane I. Grove
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust & University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peggy C.K. Lo
- Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nick Shrine
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Julian Barwell
- Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Aditi N. Borkar
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sara Cuevas-Ocaña
- Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Neil Bennett
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Gabriela E. Jones
- Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Mervyn G. Thomas
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Helen Kuht
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Vishwaraj M. Vemala
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Allister Grant
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Adeolu B. Adewoye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Edward J. Hollox
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicholas R.F. Hannan
- Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust & University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Cho G, Hyun K, Choi J, Shin E, Kim B, Kim H, Kim J, Han YM. Arginine 65 methylation of Neurogenin 3 by PRMT1 is required for pancreatic endocrine development of hESCs. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01035-8. [PMID: 37394590 PMCID: PMC10393949 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenin 3 (NGN3) is a key transcription factor in the cell fate determination of endocrine progenitors (EPs) in the developing pancreas. Previous studies have shown that the stability and activity of NGN3 are regulated by phosphorylation. However, the role of NGN3 methylation is poorly understood. Here, we report that protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1)-mediated arginine 65 methylation of NGN3 is required for the pancreatic endocrine development of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro. We found that inducible PRMT1-knockout (P-iKO) hESCs did not differentiate from EPs into endocrine cells (ECs) in the presence of doxycycline. Loss of PRMT1 caused NGN3 accumulation in the cytoplasm of EPs and decreased the transcriptional activity of NGN3. We found that PRMT1 specifically methylates NGN3 arginine 65 and that this modification is a prerequisite for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Our findings demonstrate that arginine 65 methylation of NGN3 is a key molecular switch in hESCs permitting their differentiation into pancreatic ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahyang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangbeom Hyun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Choi J, Shin E, Lee J, Devarasou S, Kim D, Shin JH, Choi JH, Heo WD, Han YM. Light-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islet-like organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1480-1495. [PMID: 36932674 PMCID: PMC10188912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic techniques permit non-invasive, spatiotemporal, and reversible modulation of cellular activities. Here, we report a novel optogenetic regulatory system for insulin secretion in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic islet-like organoids using monSTIM1 (monster-opto-Stromal interaction molecule 1), an ultra-light-sensitive OptoSTIM1 variant. The monSTIM1 transgene was incorporated at the AAVS1 locus in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. Not only were we able to elicit light-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients from the resulting homozygous monSTIM1+/+-hESCs, but we also successfully differentiated them into pancreatic islet-like organoids (PIOs). Upon light stimulation, the β-cells in these monSTIM1+/+-PIOs displayed reversible and reproducible [Ca2+]i transient dynamics. Furthermore, in response to photoexcitation, they secreted human insulin. Light-responsive insulin secretion was similarly observed in monSTIM1+/+-PIOs produced from neonatal diabetes (ND) patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Under LED illumination, monSTIM1+/+-PIO-transplanted diabetic mice produced human c-peptide. Collectively, we developed a cellular model for the optogenetic control of insulin secretion using hPSCs, with the potential to be applied to the amelioration of hyperglycemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dongkyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Ong LP, Bargehr J, Knight-Schrijver VR, Lee J, Colzani M, Bayraktar S, Bernard WG, Marchiano S, Bertero A, Murry CE, Gambardella L, Sinha S. Epicardially secreted fibronectin drives cardiomyocyte maturation in 3D-engineered heart tissues. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:936-951. [PMID: 37001515 PMCID: PMC10147941 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart failure is due to irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. Preclinical studies showed that human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes could remuscularize infarcted hearts and improve cardiac function. However, these cardiomyocytes remained immature. Incorporating hPSC-derived epicardial cells has been shown to improve cardiomyocyte maturation, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. We posited epicardial fibronectin (FN1) as a mediator of epicardial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk and assessed its role in driving hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation in 3D-engineered heart tissues (3D-EHTs). We found that the loss of FN1 with peptide inhibition F(pUR4), CRISPR-Cas9-mediated FN1 knockout, or tetracycline-inducible FN1 knockdown in 3D-EHTs resulted in immature cardiomyocytes with decreased contractile function, and inefficient Ca2+ handling. Conversely, when we supplemented 3D-EHTs with recombinant human FN1, we could recover hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation. Finally, our RNA-sequencing analyses found FN1 within a wider paracrine network of epicardial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk, thus solidifying FN1 as a key driver of hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation in 3D-EHTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Ping Ong
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Johannes Bargehr
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Vincent R Knight-Schrijver
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maria Colzani
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Semih Bayraktar
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - William G Bernard
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Silvia Marchiano
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Bioengineering, and Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Charles E Murry
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Bioengineering, and Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laure Gambardella
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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14
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Marchiano S, Nakamura K, Reinecke H, Neidig L, Lai M, Kadota S, Perbellini F, Yang X, Klaiman JM, Blakely LP, Karbassi E, Fields PA, Fenix AM, Beussman KM, Jayabalu A, Kalucki FA, Potter JC, Futakuchi-Tsuchida A, Weber GJ, Dupras S, Tsuchida H, Pabon L, Wang L, Knollmann BC, Kattman S, Thies RS, Sniadecki N, MacLellan WR, Bertero A, Murry CE. Gene editing to prevent ventricular arrhythmias associated with cardiomyocyte cell therapy. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:396-414.e9. [PMID: 37028405 PMCID: PMC10283080 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) offer a promising cell-based therapy for myocardial infarction. However, the presence of transitory ventricular arrhythmias, termed engraftment arrhythmias (EAs), hampers clinical applications. We hypothesized that EA results from pacemaker-like activity of hPSC-CMs associated with their developmental immaturity. We characterized ion channel expression patterns during maturation of transplanted hPSC-CMs and used pharmacology and genome editing to identify those responsible for automaticity in vitro. Multiple engineered cell lines were then transplanted in vivo into uninjured porcine hearts. Abolishing depolarization-associated genes HCN4, CACNA1H, and SLC8A1, along with overexpressing hyperpolarization-associated KCNJ2, creates hPSC-CMs that lack automaticity but contract when externally stimulated. When transplanted in vivo, these cells engrafted and coupled electromechanically with host cardiomyocytes without causing sustained EAs. This study supports the hypothesis that the immature electrophysiological prolife of hPSC-CMs mechanistically underlies EA. Thus, targeting automaticity should improve the safety profile of hPSC-CMs for cardiac remuscularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marchiano
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kenta Nakamura
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hans Reinecke
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Neidig
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Shin Kadota
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | | | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jordan M Klaiman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leslie P Blakely
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elaheh Karbassi
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul A Fields
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Aidan M Fenix
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin M Beussman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3720 15(th) Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Anu Jayabalu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Faith A Kalucki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Jennifer C Potter
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Akiko Futakuchi-Tsuchida
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Gerhard J Weber
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sarah Dupras
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchida
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Lil Pabon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Steven Kattman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - R Scott Thies
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Nathan Sniadecki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3720 15(th) Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - W Robb MacLellan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building Room 453, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98102, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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15
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Macrae RGC, Colzani MT, Williams TL, Bayraktar S, Kuc RE, Pullinger AL, Bernard WG, Robinson EL, Davenport EE, Maguire JJ, Sinha S, Davenport AP. Inducible apelin receptor knockdown reduces differentiation efficiency and contractility of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:587-598. [PMID: 36239923 PMCID: PMC10064845 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The apelin receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor, has emerged as a key regulator of cardiovascular development, physiology, and disease. However, there is a lack of suitable human in vitro models to investigate the apelinergic system in cardiovascular cell types. For the first time we have used human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and a novel inducible knockdown system to examine the role of the apelin receptor in both cardiomyocyte development and to determine the consequences of loss of apelin receptor function as a model of disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Expression of the apelin receptor and its ligands in hESCs and hESC-CMs was determined. hESCs carrying a tetracycline-inducible short hairpin RNA targeting the apelin receptor were generated using the sOPTiKD system. Phenotypic assays characterized the consequences of either apelin receptor knockdown before hESC-CM differentiation (early knockdown) or in 3D engineered heart tissues as a disease model (late knockdown). hESC-CMs expressed the apelin signalling system at a similar level to the adult heart. Early apelin receptor knockdown decreased cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency and prolonged voltage sensing, associated with asynchronous contraction. Late apelin receptor knockdown had detrimental consequences on 3D engineered heart tissue contractile properties, decreasing contractility and increasing stiffness. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully knocked down the apelin receptor, using an inducible system, to demonstrate a key role in hESC-CM differentiation. Knockdown in 3D engineered heart tissues recapitulated the phenotype of apelin receptor down-regulation in a failing heart, providing a potential platform for modelling heart failure and testing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn G C Macrae
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Level 6, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria T Colzani
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas L Williams
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Level 6, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Semih Bayraktar
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rhoda E Kuc
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Level 6, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anna L Pullinger
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Level 6, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William G Bernard
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma L Robinson
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Janet J Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Level 6, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Level 6, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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16
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Williams TL, Macrae RGC, Kuc RE, Brown AJH, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. Expanding the apelin receptor pharmacological toolbox using novel fluorescent ligands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139121. [PMID: 36967803 PMCID: PMC10034064 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The apelin receptor binds two distinct endogenous peptides, apelin and ELA, which act in an autocrine/paracrine manner to regulate the human cardiovascular system. As a class A GPCR, targeting the apelin receptor is an attractive therapeutic strategy. With improvements in imaging techniques, and the stability and brightness of dyes, fluorescent ligands are becoming increasingly useful in studying protein targets. Here, we describe the design and validation of four novel fluorescent ligands; two based on [Pyr1]apelin-13 (apelin488 and apelin647), and two based on ELA-14 (ELA488 and ELA647). METHODS Fluorescent ligands were pharmacologically assessed using radioligand and functional in vitro assays. Apelin647 was validated in high content imaging and internalisation studies, and in a clinically relevant human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte model. Apelin488 and ELA488 were used to visualise apelin receptor binding in human renal tissue. RESULTS All four fluorescent ligands retained the ability to bind and activate the apelin receptor and, crucially, triggered receptor internalisation. In high content imaging studies, apelin647 bound specifically to CHO-K1 cells stably expressing apelin receptor, providing proof-of-principle for a platform that could screen novel hits targeting this GPCR. The ligand also bound specifically to endogenous apelin receptor in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Apelin488 and ELA488 bound specifically to apelin receptor, localising to blood vessels and tubules of the renal cortex. DISCUSSION Our data indicate that the described novel fluorescent ligands expand the pharmacological toolbox for studying the apelin receptor across multiple platforms to facilitate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Williams
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn G. C. Macrae
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rhoda E. Kuc
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janet J. Maguire
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Davenport
- Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Anthony P. Davenport,
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17
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MAPT genotype-dependent mitochondrial aberration and ROS production trigger dysfunction and death in cortical neurons of patients with hereditary FTLD. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102597. [PMID: 36599286 PMCID: PMC9817175 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a major type of proteinopathies underlying neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in the tau-encoding MAPT-gene lead to hereditary cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-tau, which span a wide phenotypic and pathological spectrum. Some of these mutations, such as the N279K mutation, result in a shift of the physiological 3R/4R ratio towards the more aggregation prone 4R isoform. Other mutations such as V337M cause a decrease in the in vitro affinity of tau to microtubules and a reduced ability to promote microtubule assembly. Whether both mutations address similar downstream signalling cascades remains unclear but is important for potential rescue strategies. Here, we developed a novel and optimised forward programming protocol for the rapid and highly efficient production of pure cultures of glutamatergic cortical neurons from hiPSCs. We apply this protocol to delineate mechanisms of neurodegeneration in an FTLD-tau hiPSC-model consisting of MAPTN279K- or MAPTV337M-mutants and wild-type or isogenic controls. The resulting cortical neurons express MAPT-genotype-dependent dominant proteome clusters regulating apoptosis, ROS homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Related pathways are significantly upregulated in MAPTN279K neurons but not in MAPTV337M neurons or controls. Live cell imaging demonstrates that both MAPT mutations affect excitability of membranes as reflected in spontaneous and stimulus evoked calcium signals when compared to controls, albeit more pronounced in MAPTN279K neurons. These spontaneous calcium oscillations in MAPTN279K neurons triggered mitochondrial hyperpolarisation and fission leading to mitochondrial ROS production, but also ROS production through NOX2 acting together to induce cell death. Importantly, we found that these mechanisms are MAPT mutation-specific and were observed in MAPTN279K neurons, but not in MAPTV337M neurons, supporting a pathological role of the 4R tau isoform in redox disbalance and highlighting MAPT-mutation specific clinicopathological-genetic correlations, which may inform rescue strategies in different MAPT mutations.
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18
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Hu C, Zhou A, Hu X, Xiang Y, Huang M, Huang J, Yang D, Tang Y. LMNA Reduced Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib in NSCLC by Reversing the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via the FGFR/MAPK/c-fos Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13237. [PMID: 36362025 PMCID: PMC9658955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients exhibiting non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a first-line treatment. However, most patients who initially responded to EGFR-TKIs eventually developed acquired resistance, limiting the effectiveness of therapy. It has long been known that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leads to acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC. However, the mechanisms underlying the resistance dependent on EMT are unknown. This research aimed to reveal the effects of LMNA in the regulation of acquired resistance to erlotinib by EMT in NSCLC. The acquired erlotinib-resistant cells (HCC827/ER) were induced by gradual increase of concentrations of erlotinib in erlotinib-sensitive HCC827 cells. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to uncover the involvement of LMNA in the EMT process that induced acquired resistance to erlotinib. The effect of LMNA on cell proliferation and migration was measured by clone-formation, wound-healing, and transwell assays, respectively. The EMT-related protein, nuclear shape and volume, and cytoskeleton changes were examined by immunofluorescence. Western blot was used to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of LMNA regulation of EMT. HCC827/ER cells with acquired resistance to erlotinib underwent EMT and exhibited lower LMNA expression compared to parental sensitive cells. LMNA negatively regulated the expression of EMT markers; HCC827/ER cells showed a significant up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, such as CDH2, SNAI2, VIM, ZEB1, and TWIST1. The overexpression of LMNA in HCC827/ER cells significantly inhibited EMT and cell proliferation, and this inhibitory effect of LMNA was enhanced in the presence of 2.5 μM erlotinib. Furthermore, a decrease in LMNA expression resulted in a higher nuclear deformability and cytoskeletal changes. In HCC827/ER cells, AKT, FGFR, ERK1/2, and c-fos phosphorylation levels were higher than those in HCC827 cells; Furthermore, overexpression of LMNA in HCC827/ER cells reduced the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, c-fos, and FGFR. In conclusion, our findings first demonstrated that downregulation of LMNA promotes acquired EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC with EGFR mutations by EMT. LMNA inhibits cell proliferation and migration of erlotinib-resistant cells via inhibition of the FGFR/MAPK/c-fos signaling pathway. These findings indicated LMNA as a driver of acquired resistance to erlotinib and provided important information about the development of resistance to erlotinib treatment in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Hu
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Anting Zhou
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Donglin Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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19
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Deterministic programming of human pluripotent stem cells into microglia facilitates studying their role in health and disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123476119. [PMID: 36251998 PMCID: PMC9618131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123476119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are derived from yolk-sac macrophages that populate the developing CNS during early embryonic development. Once established, the microglia population is self-maintained throughout life by local proliferation. As a scalable source of microglia-like cells (MGLs), we here present a forward programming protocol for their generation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The transient overexpression of PU.1 and C/EBPβ in hPSCs led to a homogenous population of mature microglia within 16 d. MGLs met microglia characteristics on a morphological, transcriptional, and functional level. MGLs facilitated the investigation of a human tauopathy model in cortical neuron-microglia cocultures, revealing a secondary dystrophic microglia phenotype. Single-cell RNA sequencing of microglia integrated into hPSC-derived cortical brain organoids demonstrated a shift of microglia signatures toward a more-developmental in vivo-like phenotype, inducing intercellular interactions promoting neurogenesis and arborization. Taken together, our microglia forward programming platform represents a tool for both reductionist studies in monocultures and complex coculture systems, including 3D brain organoids for the study of cellular interactions in healthy or diseased environments.
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20
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Zhang F, Meier AB, Poch CM, Tian Q, Engelhardt S, Sinnecker D, Lipp P, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A, Dorn T. High-throughput optical action potential recordings in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes with a genetically encoded voltage indicator in the AAVS1 locus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1038867. [PMID: 36274846 PMCID: PMC9585323 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1038867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent an excellent in vitro model in cardiovascular research. Changes in their action potential (AP) dynamics convey information that is essential for disease modeling, drug screening and toxicity evaluation. High-throughput optical AP recordings utilizing intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) of the voltage-sensitive fluorescent protein (VSFP) have emerged as a substitute or complement to the resource-intensive patch clamp technique. Here, we functionally validated our recently generated voltage indicator hiPSC lines stably expressing CAG-promoter-driven VSFP in the AAVS1 safe harbor locus. By combining subtype-specific cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols, we established optical AP recordings in ventricular, atrial, and nodal CMs in 2D monolayers using fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, we achieved high-throughput optical AP measurements in single hiPSC-derived CMs in a 3D context. Overall, this system greatly expands the spectrum of possibilities for high-throughput, non-invasive and long-term AP analyses in cardiovascular research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhang
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna B. Meier
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine M. Poch
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Qinghai Tian
- Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Sinnecker
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Moretti, ; Tatjana Dorn,
| | - Tatjana Dorn
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Moretti, ; Tatjana Dorn,
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21
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Wesley BT, Ross ADB, Muraro D, Miao Z, Saxton S, Tomaz RA, Morell CM, Ridley K, Zacharis ED, Petrus-Reurer S, Kraiczy J, Mahbubani KT, Brown S, Garcia-Bernardo J, Alsinet C, Gaffney D, Horsfall D, Tysoe OC, Botting RA, Stephenson E, Popescu DM, MacParland S, Bader G, McGilvray ID, Ortmann D, Sampaziotis F, Saeb-Parsy K, Haniffa M, Stevens KR, Zilbauer M, Teichmann SA, Vallier L. Single-cell atlas of human liver development reveals pathways directing hepatic cell fates. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1487-1498. [PMID: 36109670 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver has been studied extensively due to the broad number of diseases affecting its vital functions. However, therapeutic advances have been hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning human hepatic development. Here, we addressed this limitation by describing the developmental trajectories of different cell types that make up the human liver at single-cell resolution. These transcriptomic analyses revealed that sequential cell-to-cell interactions direct functional maturation of hepatocytes, with non-parenchymal cells playing essential roles during organogenesis. We utilized this information to derive bipotential hepatoblast organoids and then exploited this model system to validate the importance of signalling pathways in hepatocyte and cholangiocyte specification. Further insights into hepatic maturation also enabled the identification of stage-specific transcription factors to improve the functionality of hepatocyte-like cells generated from human pluripotent stem cells. Thus, our study establishes a platform to investigate the basic mechanisms directing human liver development and to produce cell types for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Wesley
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander D B Ross
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Muraro
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Zhichao Miao
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Saxton
- Departments of Bioengineering and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rute A Tomaz
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carola M Morell
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Ridley
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ekaterini D Zacharis
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith Kraiczy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephanie Brown
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Dave Horsfall
- Digital Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olivia C Tysoe
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel A Botting
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily Stephenson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Gary Bader
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian D McGilvray
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fotios Sampaziotis
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kelly R Stevens
- Departments of Bioengineering and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Tomaz RA, Zacharis ED, Bachinger F, Wurmser A, Yamamoto D, Petrus-Reurer S, Morell CM, Dziedzicka D, Wesley BT, Geti I, Segeritz CP, de Brito MC, Chhatriwala M, Ortmann D, Saeb-Parsy K, Vallier L. Generation of functional hepatocytes by forward programming with nuclear receptors. eLife 2022; 11:71591. [PMID: 35959725 PMCID: PMC9374437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of large quantities of hepatocytes remains a major challenge for a number of clinical applications in the biomedical field. Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) provides an advantageous solution and a number of protocols have been developed for this purpose. However, these methods usually follow different steps of liver development in vitro, which is time consuming and requires complex culture conditions. In addition, HLCs lack the full repertoire of functionalities characterising primary hepatocytes. Here, we explore the interest of forward programming to generate hepatocytes from hPSCs and to bypass these limitations. This approach relies on the overexpression of three hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF1A, HNF6, and FOXA3) in combination with different nuclear receptors expressed in the adult liver using the OPTi-OX platform. Forward programming allows for the rapid production of hepatocytes (FoP-Heps) with functional characteristics using a simplified process. We also uncovered that the overexpression of nuclear receptors such as RORc can enhance specific functionalities of FoP-Heps thereby validating its role in lipid/glucose metabolism. Together, our results show that forward programming could offer a versatile alternative to direct differentiation for generating hepatocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute A Tomaz
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterini D Zacharis
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Bachinger
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Wurmser
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Yamamoto
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carola M Morell
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Dziedzicka
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon T Wesley
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Imbisaat Geti
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel C de Brito
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Chhatriwala
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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23
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Becklin KL, Draper GM, Madden RA, Kluesner MG, Koga T, Huang M, Weiss WA, Spector LG, Largaespada DA, Moriarity BS, Webber BR. Developing Bottom-Up Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Solid Tumor Models Using Precision Genome Editing Technologies. CRISPR J 2022; 5:517-535. [PMID: 35972367 PMCID: PMC9529369 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome and tissue engineering have spurred significant progress and opportunity for innovation in cancer modeling. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an established and powerful tool to study cellular processes in the context of disease-specific genetic backgrounds; however, their application to cancer has been limited by the resistance of many transformed cells to undergo successful reprogramming. Here, we review the status of human iPSC modeling of solid tumors in the context of genetic engineering, including how base and prime editing can be incorporated into "bottom-up" cancer modeling, a term we coined for iPSC-based cancer models using genetic engineering to induce transformation. This approach circumvents the need to reprogram cancer cells while allowing for dissection of the genetic mechanisms underlying transformation, progression, and metastasis with a high degree of precision and control. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of respective engineering approaches and outline experimental considerations for establishing future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie L. Becklin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Garrett M. Draper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Madden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchell G. Kluesner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, La Jolla, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miller Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William A. Weiss
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; and Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Beau R. Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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24
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Chakravarti R, Lenka SK, Gautam A, Singh R, Ravichandiran V, Roy S, Ghosh D. A Review on CRISPR-Mediated Epigenome Editing: A Future Directive for Therapeutic Management of Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:836-853. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220117105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Recent studies have shed light on the role of epigenetic marks in certain diseases like cancer, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular dysfunction, to name a few. Epigenetic marks like DNA methylation and histone acetylation are randomly altered in the disease state. It has been seen that methylation of DNA and histones can result in down-regulation of gene expression, whereas histone acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation are linked to enhanced expression of genes. How can we precisely target such epigenetic aberrations to prevent the advent of diseases? The answer lies in the amalgamation of the efficient genome editing technique, CRISPR, with certain effector molecules that can alter the status of epigenetic marks as well as employ certain transcriptional activators or repressors. In this review, we have discussed the rationale of epigenetic editing as a therapeutic strategy and how CRISPR-Cas9 technology coupled with epigenetic effector tags can efficiently edit epigenetic targets. In the later part, we have discussed how certain epigenetic effectors are tagged with dCas9 to elicit epigenetic changes in cancer. Increased interest in exploring the epigenetic background of cancer and non-communicable diseases like type II diabetes mellitus and obesity accompanied with technological breakthroughs has made it possible to perform large-scale epigenome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Chakravarti
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Swadhin Kumar Lenka
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Syamal Roy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipanjan Ghosh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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25
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Jansson MD, Häfner SJ, Altinel K, Tehler D, Krogh N, Jakobsen E, Andersen JV, Andersen KL, Schoof EM, Ménard P, Nielsen H, Lund AH. Regulation of translation by site-specific ribosomal RNA methylation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:889-899. [PMID: 34759377 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are complex ribozymes that interpret genetic information by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Natural variation in ribosome composition has been documented in several organisms and can arise from several different sources. A key question is whether specific control over ribosome heterogeneity represents a mechanism by which translation can be regulated. We used RiboMeth-seq to demonstrate that differential 2'-O-methylation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) represents a considerable source of ribosome heterogeneity in human cells, and that modification levels at distinct sites can change dynamically in response to upstream signaling pathways, such as MYC oncogene expression. Ablation of one prominent methylation resulted in altered translation of select mRNAs and corresponding changes in cellular phenotypes. Thus, differential rRNA 2'-O-methylation can give rise to ribosomes with specialized function. This suggests a broader mechanism where the specific regulation of rRNA modification patterns fine tunes translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Jansson
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sophia J Häfner
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kübra Altinel
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Disa Tehler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper L Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Patrice Ménard
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Osnato A, Brown S, Krueger C, Andrews S, Collier AJ, Nakanoh S, Quiroga Londoño M, Wesley BT, Muraro D, Brumm AS, Niakan KK, Vallier L, Ortmann D, Rugg-Gunn PJ. TGFβ signalling is required to maintain pluripotency of human naïve pluripotent stem cells. eLife 2021; 10:e67259. [PMID: 34463252 PMCID: PMC8410071 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The signalling pathways that maintain primed human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been well characterised, revealing a critical role for TGFβ/Activin/Nodal signalling. In contrast, the signalling requirements of naive human pluripotency have not been fully established. Here, we demonstrate that TGFβ signalling is required to maintain naive hPSCs. The downstream effector proteins - SMAD2/3 - bind common sites in naive and primed hPSCs, including shared pluripotency genes. In naive hPSCs, SMAD2/3 additionally bind to active regulatory regions near to naive pluripotency genes. Inhibiting TGFβ signalling in naive hPSCs causes the downregulation of SMAD2/3-target genes and pluripotency exit. Single-cell analyses reveal that naive and primed hPSCs follow different transcriptional trajectories after inhibition of TGFβ signalling. Primed hPSCs differentiate into neuroectoderm cells, whereas naive hPSCs transition into trophectoderm. These results establish that there is a continuum for TGFβ pathway function in human pluripotency spanning a developmental window from naive to primed states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Osnato
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Christel Krueger
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Collier
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Shota Nakanoh
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
| | - Mariana Quiroga Londoño
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Brandon T Wesley
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniele Muraro
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, HinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - A Sophie Brumm
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathy K Niakan
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter J Rugg-Gunn
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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27
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Shibamiya A, Schulze E, Krauß D, Augustin C, Reinsch M, Schulze ML, Steuck S, Mearini G, Mannhardt I, Schulze T, Klampe B, Werner T, Saleem U, Knaust A, Laufer SD, Neuber C, Lemme M, Behrens CS, Loos M, Weinberger F, Fuchs S, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A, Ulmer BM. Cell Banking of hiPSCs: A Practical Guide to Cryopreservation and Quality Control in Basic Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 55:e127. [PMID: 32956561 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reproducibility of stem cell research relies on the constant availability of quality-controlled cells. As the quality of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can deteriorate in the course of a few passages, cell banking is key to achieve consistent results and low batch-to-batch variation. Here, we provide a cost-efficient route to generate master and working cell banks for basic research projects. In addition, we describe minimal protocols for quality assurance including tests for sterility, viability, pluripotency, and genetic integrity. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Expansion of hiPSCs Basic Protocol 2: Cell banking of hiPSCs Support Protocol 1: Pluripotency assessment by flow cytometry Support Protocol 2: Thawing control: Viability and sterility Support Protocol 3: Potency, viral clearance, and pluripotency: Spontaneous differentiation and qRT-PCR Support Protocol 4: Identity: Short tandem repeat analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Shibamiya
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dana Krauß
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Augustin
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Reinsch
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirja Loreen Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Steuck
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mearini
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Klampe
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Werner
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Umber Saleem
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Knaust
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra D Laufer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuber
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta Lemme
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotta Sophie Behrens
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Loos
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Fuchs
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Maria Ulmer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Transfer to the clinic: refining forward programming of hPSCs to megakaryocytes for platelet production in bioreactors. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1977-1990. [PMID: 33843988 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of in vitro-derived platelets has great potential for transfusion medicine. Here, we build on our experience in the forward programming (FoP) of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to megakaryocytes (MKs) and address several aspects of the complex challenges to bring this technology to the bedside. We first identify clinical-grade hPSC lines that generate MKs efficiently. We design a bespoke media to maximize both production and maturity of MKs and improve platelet output. Crucially, we transition the lentiviral-based FoP of hPSCs to a nonviral inducible system. We also show how small molecules promote a definitive hematopoiesis phenotype during the differentiation process, thereby increasing the quality of the final product. Finally, we generate platelets using a bioreactor designed to reproduce the physical cues that promote platelet production in the bone marrow. We show that these platelets are able to contribute to both thrombus formation in vitro and have a hemostatic effect in thrombocytopenic mice in vivo.
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29
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Hochrein LM, Li H, Pierce NA. High-Performance Allosteric Conditional Guide RNAs for Mammalian Cell-Selective Regulation of CRISPR/Cas. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:964-971. [PMID: 33930275 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The activity of a conditional guide RNA (cgRNA) is dependent on the presence or absence of an RNA trigger, enabling cell-selective regulation of CRISPR/Cas function. cgRNAs are programmable at two levels, with the target-binding sequence controlling the target of Cas activity (edit, silence, or induce a gene of choice) and the trigger-binding sequence controlling the scope of Cas activity (subset of cells expressing the trigger RNA). Allosteric cgRNA mechanisms enable independent design of the target and trigger sequences, providing the flexibility to select the regulatory target and scope independently. Building on prior advances in dynamic RNA nanotechnology that demonstrated the cgRNA concept, here we set the goal of engineering high-performance allosteric cgRNA mechanisms for the mammalian setting, pursuing both ON → OFF logic (conditional inactivation by an RNA trigger) and OFF → ON logic (conditional activation by an RNA trigger). For each mechanism, libraries of orthogonal cgRNA/trigger pairs were designed using NUPACK. In HEK 293T cells expressing cgRNAs, triggers, and inducing dCas9: (1) a library of four ON → OFF "terminator switch" cgRNAs exhibit a median fold-change of ≈50×, a median fractional dynamic range of ≈20%, and a median crosstalk modulus of ≈9%; (2) a library of three OFF → ON "split-terminator switch" cgRNAs exhibit a median fold-change of ≈150×, a median fractional dynamic range of ≈50%, and a median crosstalk modulus of ≈4%. Further, we demonstrate that xrRNA elements that protect viral RNAs from degradation by exoribonucleases can dramatically enhance the performance of RNA synthetic biology. The high-performance allosteric cgRNAs demonstrated here for ON → OFF and OFF → ON logic in mammalian cells provide a foundation for pursuing applications of programmable cell-selective regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Hochrein
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Heyun Li
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Niles A Pierce
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering & Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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30
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Kagita A, Lung MSY, Xu H, Kita Y, Sasakawa N, Iguchi T, Ono M, Wang XH, Gee P, Hotta A. Efficient ssODN-Mediated Targeting by Avoiding Cellular Inhibitory RNAs through Precomplexed CRISPR-Cas9/sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:985-996. [PMID: 33711268 PMCID: PMC8072016 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined with CRISPR-Cas9 technology and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), specific single-nucleotide alterations can be introduced into a targeted genomic locus in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, ssODN knockin frequency is low compared with deletion induction. Although several Cas9 transduction methods have been reported, the biochemical behavior of CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease in mammalian cells is yet to be explored. Here, we investigated intrinsic cellular factors that affect Cas9 cleavage activity in vitro. We found that intracellular RNA, but not DNA or protein fractions, inhibits Cas9 from binding to single guide RNA (sgRNA) and reduces the enzymatic activity. To prevent this, precomplexing Cas9 and sgRNA before delivery into cells can lead to higher genome editing activity compared with Cas9 overexpression approaches. By optimizing electroporation parameters of precomplexed ribonucleoprotein and ssODN, we achieved efficiencies of single-nucleotide correction as high as 70% and loxP insertion up to 40%. Finally, we could replace the HLA-C1 allele with the C2 allele to generate histocompatibility leukocyte antigen custom-edited iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kagita
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mandy S Y Lung
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Huaigeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuto Kita
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriko Sasakawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iguchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ono
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Xiou H Wang
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Peter Gee
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Benito-Kwiecinski S, Giandomenico SL, Sutcliffe M, Riis ES, Freire-Pritchett P, Kelava I, Wunderlich S, Martin U, Wray GA, McDole K, Lancaster MA. An early cell shape transition drives evolutionary expansion of the human forebrain. Cell 2021; 184:2084-2102.e19. [PMID: 33765444 PMCID: PMC8054913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human brain has undergone rapid expansion since humans diverged from other great apes, but the mechanism of this human-specific enlargement is still unknown. Here, we use cerebral organoids derived from human, gorilla, and chimpanzee cells to study developmental mechanisms driving evolutionary brain expansion. We find that neuroepithelial differentiation is a protracted process in apes, involving a previously unrecognized transition state characterized by a change in cell shape. Furthermore, we show that human organoids are larger due to a delay in this transition, associated with differences in interkinetic nuclear migration and cell cycle length. Comparative RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) reveals differences in expression dynamics of cell morphogenesis factors, including ZEB2, a known epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulator. We show that ZEB2 promotes neuroepithelial transition, and its manipulation and downstream signaling leads to acquisition of nonhuman ape architecture in the human context and vice versa, establishing an important role for neuroepithelial cell shape in human brain expansion. Human brain organoids are expanded relative to nonhuman apes prior to neurogenesis Ape neural progenitors go through a newly identified transition morphotype state Delayed morphological transition with shorter cell cycles underlie human expansion ZEB2 is as an evolutionary regulator of this transition
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Benito-Kwiecinski
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stefano L Giandomenico
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Magdalena Sutcliffe
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Erlend S Riis
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Paula Freire-Pritchett
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Iva Kelava
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stephanie Wunderlich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregory A Wray
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Biological Sciences Building, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kate McDole
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Madeline A Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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Wind M, Gogolou A, Manipur I, Granata I, Butler L, Andrews PW, Barbaric I, Ning K, Guarracino MR, Placzek M, Tsakiridis A. Defining the signalling determinants of a posterior ventral spinal cord identity in human neuromesodermal progenitor derivatives. Development 2021; 148:dev194415. [PMID: 33658223 PMCID: PMC8015249 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The anteroposterior axial identity of motor neurons (MNs) determines their functionality and vulnerability to neurodegeneration. Thus, it is a crucial parameter in the design of strategies aiming to produce MNs from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for regenerative medicine/disease modelling applications. However, the in vitro generation of posterior MNs corresponding to the thoracic/lumbosacral spinal cord has been challenging. Although the induction of cells resembling neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), the bona fide precursors of the spinal cord, offers a promising solution, the progressive specification of posterior MNs from these cells is not well defined. Here, we determine the signals guiding the transition of human NMP-like cells toward thoracic ventral spinal cord neurectoderm. We show that combined WNT-FGF activities drive a posterior dorsal pre-/early neural state, whereas suppression of TGFβ-BMP signalling pathways promotes a ventral identity and neural commitment. Based on these results, we define an optimised protocol for the generation of thoracic MNs that can efficiently integrate within the neural tube of chick embryos. We expect that our findings will facilitate the comparison of hPSC-derived spinal cord cells of distinct axial identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wind
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Antigoni Gogolou
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ichcha Manipur
- Computational and Data Science Laboratory, High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Granata
- Computational and Data Science Laboratory, High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Larissa Butler
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Peter W Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | | | - Marysia Placzek
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Anestis Tsakiridis
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Varshney A, Chahal G, Santos L, Stolper J, Hallab JC, Nim HT, Nikolov M, Yip A, Ramialison M. Human Cardiac Transcription Factor Networks. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Huang CY, Li LH, Hsu WT, Cheng YC, Nicholson MW, Liu CL, Ting CY, Ko HW, Syu SH, Wen CH, Yan Z, Huang HP, Su HL, Chiang PM, Shen CN, Chen HF, Yen BLJ, Lu HE, Hwang SM, Chiou SH, Ho HN, Wu JY, Kamp TJ, Wu JC, Hsieh PCH. Copy number variant hotspots in Han Taiwanese population induced pluripotent stem cell lines - lessons from establishing the Taiwan human disease iPSC Consortium Bank. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:92. [PMID: 32887585 PMCID: PMC7487458 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Taiwan Human Disease iPSC Service Consortium was established to accelerate Taiwan’s growing stem cell research initiatives and provide a platform for researchers interested in utilizing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. The consortium has generated and characterized 83 iPSC lines: 11 normal and 72 disease iPSC lines covering 21 different diseases, several of which are of high incidence in Taiwan. Whether there are any reprogramming-induced recurrent copy number variant (CNV) hotspots in iPSCs is still largely unknown. Methods We performed genome-wide copy number variant screening of 83 Han Taiwanese iPSC lines and compared them with 1093 control subjects using an Affymetrix genome-wide human SNP array. Results In the iPSCs, we identified ten specific CNV loci and seven “polymorphic” CNV regions that are associated with the reprogramming process. Additionally, we established several differentiation protocols for our iPSC lines. We demonstrated that our iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes respond to pharmacological agents and were successfully engrafted into the mouse myocardium demonstrating their potential application in cell therapy. Conclusions The CNV hotspots induced by cell reprogramming have successfully been identified in the current study. This finding may be used as a reference index for evaluating iPSC quality for future clinical applications. Our aim was to establish a national iPSC resource center generating iPSCs, made available to researchers, to benefit the stem cell community in Taiwan and throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Tseng Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Lin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Ko
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Syu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Wen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Zhuge Yan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Min Chiang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - B Lin Ju Yen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 350, Taiwan
| | - Huai-En Lu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shiaw-Min Hwang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Patrick C H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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35
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Ke J, Wang B, Yoshikuni Y. Microbiome Engineering: Synthetic Biology of Plant-Associated Microbiomes in Sustainable Agriculture. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:244-261. [PMID: 32800605 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To support an ever-increasing population, modern agriculture faces numerous challenges that pose major threats to global food and energy security. Plant-associated microbes, with their many plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, have enormous potential in helping to solve these challenges. However, the results of their use in agriculture have been variable, probably because of poor colonization. Phytomicrobiome engineering is an emerging field of synthetic biology that may offer ways to alleviate this limitation. This review highlights recent advances in both bottom-up and top-down approaches to engineering non-model bacteria and microbiomes to promote beneficial plant-microbe interactions, as well as advances in strategies to evaluate these interactions. Biosafety, biosecurity, and biocontainment strategies to address the environmental concerns associated with field use of synthetic microbes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yasuo Yoshikuni
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
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36
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Canu G, Athanasiadis E, Grandy RA, Garcia-Bernardo J, Strzelecka PM, Vallier L, Ortmann D, Cvejic A. Analysis of endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition at the single cell level identifies cell cycle regulation as a driver of differentiation. Genome Biol 2020; 21:157. [PMID: 32611441 PMCID: PMC7329542 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first arise during development in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region of the embryo from a population of haemogenic endothelial cells which undergo endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). Despite the progress achieved in recent years, the molecular mechanisms driving EHT are still poorly understood, especially in human where the AGM region is not easily accessible. RESULTS In this study, we take advantage of a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation system and single-cell transcriptomics to recapitulate EHT in vitro and uncover mechanisms by which the haemogenic endothelium generates early haematopoietic cells. We show that most of the endothelial cells reside in a quiescent state and progress to the haematopoietic fate within a defined time window, within which they need to re-enter into the cell cycle. If cell cycle is blocked, haemogenic endothelial cells lose their EHT potential and adopt a non-haemogenic identity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CDK4/6 and CDK1 play a key role not only in the transition but also in allowing haematopoietic progenitors to establish their full differentiation potential. CONCLUSION We propose a direct link between the molecular machineries that control cell cycle progression and EHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Canu
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emmanouil Athanasiadis
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rodrigo A Grandy
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paulina M Strzelecka
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ana Cvejic
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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37
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Mair B, Tomic J, Masud SN, Tonge P, Weiss A, Usaj M, Tong AHY, Kwan JJ, Brown KR, Titus E, Atkins M, Chan KSK, Munsie L, Habsid A, Han H, Kennedy M, Cohen B, Keller G, Moffat J. Essential Gene Profiles for Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Identify Uncharacterized Genes and Substrate Dependencies. Cell Rep 2020; 27:599-615.e12. [PMID: 30970261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide an invaluable tool for modeling diseases and hold promise for regenerative medicine. For understanding pluripotency and lineage differentiation mechanisms, a critical first step involves systematically cataloging essential genes (EGs) that are indispensable for hPSC fitness, defined as cell reproduction in this study. To map essential genetic determinants of hPSC fitness, we performed genome-scale loss-of-function screens in an inducible Cas9 H1 hPSC line cultured on feeder cells and laminin to identify EGs. Among these, we found FOXH1 and VENTX, genes that encode transcription factors previously implicated in stem cell biology, as well as an uncharacterized gene, C22orf43/DRICH1. hPSC EGs are substantially different from other human model cell lines, and EGs in hPSCs are highly context dependent with respect to different growth substrates. Our CRISPR screens establish parameters for genome-wide screens in hPSCs, which will facilitate the characterization of unappreciated genetic regulators of hPSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mair
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jelena Tomic
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanna N Masud
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Tonge
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Matej Usaj
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jamie J Kwan
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Titus
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Atkins
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lise Munsie
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Habsid
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong Han
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marion Kennedy
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda Cohen
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Biomaterials and BioMedical Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Shin S, Kim SH, Shin SW, Grav LM, Pedersen LE, Lee JS, Lee GM. Comprehensive Analysis of Genomic Safe Harbors as Target Sites for Stable Expression of the Heterologous Gene in HEK293 Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1263-1269. [PMID: 32470292 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cell lines are being increasingly used as host cells to produce therapeutic glycoproteins, due to their human glycosylation machinery. In an attempt to develop a platform for generating isogenic human cell lines producing therapeutic proteins based on targeted integration, three well-known human genomic safe harbors (GSHs)-AAVS1, CCR5, and human ROSA26 loci-were evaluated with respect to the transgene expression level and stability in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Among the three GSHs, the AAVS1 locus showed the highest eGFP expression with the highest homogeneity. Transgene expression at the AAVS1 locus was sustained without selection for approximately 3 months. Furthermore, the CMV promoter showed the highest expression, followed by the EF1α, SV40, and TK promoters at the AAVS1 locus. Master cell lines were created using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated integration of the landing pad into the AAVS1 locus and were used for faster generation of recombinant cell lines that produce therapeutic proteins with recombinase-mediated cassette exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Lise Marie Grav
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse Ebdrup Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jae Seong Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Breunig CT, Köferle A, Neuner AM, Wiesbeck MF, Baumann V, Stricker SH. CRISPR Tools for Physiology and Cell State Changes: Potential of Transcriptional Engineering and Epigenome Editing. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:177-211. [PMID: 32525760 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the large amount of genome-wide data that have been collected during the last decades, a good understanding of how and why cells change during development, homeostasis, and disease might be expected. Unfortunately, the opposite is true; triggers that cause cellular state changes remain elusive, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Although genes with the potential to influence cell states are known, the historic dependency on methods that manipulate gene expression outside the endogenous chromatin context has prevented us from understanding how cells organize, interpret, and protect cellular programs. Fortunately, recent methodological innovations are now providing options to answer these outstanding questions, by allowing to target and manipulate individual genomic and epigenomic loci. In particular, three experimental approaches are now feasible due to DNA targeting tools, namely, activation and/or repression of master transcription factors in their endogenous chromatin context; targeting transcription factors to endogenous, alternative, or inaccessible sites; and finally, functional manipulation of the chromatin context. In this article, we discuss the molecular basis of DNA targeting tools and review the potential of these new technologies before we summarize how these have already been used for the manipulation of cellular states and hypothesize about future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Breunig
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilian- Universität, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Köferle
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilian- Universität, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea M Neuner
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilian- Universität, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Wiesbeck
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilian- Universität, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Valentin Baumann
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilian- Universität, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan H Stricker
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilian- Universität, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, BioMedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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40
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Hazelbaker DZ, Beccard A, Angelini G, Mazzucato P, Messana A, Lam D, Eggan K, Barrett LE. A multiplexed gRNA piggyBac transposon system facilitates efficient induction of CRISPRi and CRISPRa in human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:635. [PMID: 31959800 PMCID: PMC6971260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene interference (CRISPRi) and activation (CRISPRa) approaches hold promise for functional gene studies and genome-wide screens in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, in contrast to CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease approaches, the efficiency of CRISPRi/a depends on continued expression of the dead Cas9 (dCas9) effector and guide RNA (gRNA), which can vary substantially depending on transgene design and delivery. Here, we design and generate new fluorescently labeled piggyBac (PB) vectors to deliver uniform and sustained expression of multiplexed gRNAs. In addition, we generate hPSC lines harboring AAVS1-integrated, inducible and fluorescent dCas9-KRAB and dCas9-VPR transgenes to allow for accurate quantification and tracking of cells that express both the dCas9 effectors and gRNAs. We then employ these systems to target the TCF4 gene in hPSCs and assess expression levels of the dCas9 effectors, individual gRNAs and targeted gene. We also assess the performance of our PB system for single gRNA delivery, confirming its utility for library format applications. Collectively, our results provide proof-of-principle application of a stable, multiplexed PB gRNA delivery system that can be widely exploited to further enable genome engineering studies in hPSCs. Paired with diverse CRISPR tools including our dual fluorescence CRISPRi/a cell lines, this system can facilitate functional dissection of individual genes and pathways as well as larger-scale screens for studies of development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Z Hazelbaker
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Amanda Beccard
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Gabriella Angelini
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Patrizia Mazzucato
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Angelica Messana
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Daisy Lam
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lindy E Barrett
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Gambardella L, McManus SA, Moignard V, Sebukhan D, Delaune A, Andrews S, Bernard WG, Morrison MA, Riley PR, Göttgens B, Gambardella Le Novère N, Sinha S. BNC1 regulates cell heterogeneity in human pluripotent stem cell-derived epicardium. Development 2019; 146:dev174441. [PMID: 31767620 PMCID: PMC6955213 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The murine developing epicardium heterogeneously expresses the transcription factors TCF21 and WT1. Here, we show that this cell heterogeneity is conserved in human epicardium, regulated by BNC1 and associated with cell fate and function. Single cell RNA sequencing of epicardium derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-epi) revealed that distinct epicardial subpopulations are defined by high levels of expression for the transcription factors BNC1 or TCF21. WT1+ cells are included in the BNC1+ population, which was confirmed in human foetal hearts. THY1 emerged as a membrane marker of the TCF21 population. We show that THY1+ cells can differentiate into cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), whereas THY1- cells were predominantly restricted to SMCs. Knocking down BNC1 during the establishment of the epicardial populations resulted in a homogeneous, predominantly TCF21high population. Network inference methods using transcriptomic data from the different cell lineages derived from the hPSC-epi delivered a core transcriptional network organised around WT1, TCF21 and BNC1. This study unveils a list of epicardial regulators and is a step towards engineering subpopulations of epicardial cells with selective biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gambardella
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AZ, UK
| | - Sophie A McManus
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AZ, UK
| | - Victoria Moignard
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AZ, UK
| | | | | | | | - William G Bernard
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AZ, UK
| | - Maura A Morrison
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AZ, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AZ, UK
| | | | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AZ, UK
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42
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Yiangou L, Grandy RA, Osnato A, Ortmann D, Sinha S, Vallier L. Cell cycle regulators control mesoderm specification in human pluripotent stem cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17903-17914. [PMID: 31515269 PMCID: PMC6879335 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesoderm is one of the three germ layers produced during gastrulation from which muscle, bones, kidneys, and the cardiovascular system originate. Understanding the mechanisms that control mesoderm specification could inform many applications, including the development of regenerative medicine therapies to manage diseases affecting these tissues. Here, we used human pluripotent stem cells to investigate the role of cell cycle in mesoderm formation. To this end, using small molecules or conditional gene knockdown, we inhibited proteins controlling G1 and G2/M cell cycle phases during the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into lateral plate, cardiac, and presomitic mesoderm. These loss-of-function experiments revealed that regulators of the G1 phase, such as cyclin-dependent kinases and pRb (retinoblastoma protein), are necessary for efficient mesoderm formation in a context-dependent manner. Further investigations disclosed that inhibition of the G2/M regulator cyclin-dependent kinase 1 decreases BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling activity specifically during lateral plate mesoderm formation while reducing fibroblast growth factor/extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 activity in all mesoderm subtypes. Taken together, our findings reveal that cell cycle regulators direct mesoderm formation by controlling the activity of key developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Yiangou
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo A Grandy
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Osnato
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
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43
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Learn from Your Elders: Developmental Biology Lessons to Guide Maturation of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:1367-1387. [PMID: 31388700 PMCID: PMC6786957 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a multifaceted platform to study cardiac developmental biology, understand disease mechanisms, and develop novel therapies. Remarkable progress over the last two decades has led to methods to obtain highly pure hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) with reasonable ease and scalability. Nevertheless, a major bottleneck for the translational application of hPSC-CMs is their immature phenotype, resembling that of early fetal cardiomyocytes. Overall, bona fide maturation of hPSC-CMs represents one of the most significant goals facing the field today. Developmental biology studies have been pivotal in understanding the mechanisms to differentiate hPSC-CMs. Similarly, evaluation of developmental cues such as electrical and mechanical activities or neurohormonal and metabolic stimulations revealed the importance of these pathways in cardiomyocyte physiological maturation. Those signals cooperate and dictate the size and the performance of the developing heart. Likewise, this orchestra of stimuli is important in promoting hPSC-CM maturation, as demonstrated by current in vitro maturation approaches. Different shades of adult-like phenotype are achieved by prolonging the time in culture, electromechanical stimulation, patterned substrates, microRNA manipulation, neurohormonal or metabolic stimulation, and generation of human-engineered heart tissue (hEHT). However, mirroring this extremely dynamic environment is challenging, and reproducibility and scalability of these approaches represent the major obstacles for an efficient production of mature hPSC-CMs. For this reason, understanding the pattern behind the mechanisms elicited during the late gestational and early postnatal stages not only will provide new insights into postnatal development but also potentially offer new scalable and efficient approaches to mature hPSC-CMs.
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44
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Hanewich-Hollatz MH, Chen Z, Hochrein LM, Huang J, Pierce NA. Conditional Guide RNAs: Programmable Conditional Regulation of CRISPR/Cas Function in Bacterial and Mammalian Cells via Dynamic RNA Nanotechnology. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1241-1249. [PMID: 31403072 PMCID: PMC6661866 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A guide RNA (gRNA) directs the function of a CRISPR protein effector to a target gene of choice, providing a versatile programmable platform for engineering diverse modes of synthetic regulation (edit, silence, induce, bind). However, the fact that gRNAs are constitutively active places limitations on the ability to confine gRNA activity to a desired location and time. To achieve programmable control over the scope of gRNA activity, here we apply principles from dynamic RNA nanotechnology to engineer conditional guide RNAs (cgRNAs) whose activity is dependent on the presence or absence of an RNA trigger. These cgRNAs are programmable at two levels, with the trigger-binding sequence controlling the scope of the effector activity and the target-binding sequence determining the subject of the effector activity. We demonstrate molecular mechanisms for both constitutively active cgRNAs that are conditionally inactivated by an RNA trigger (ON → OFF logic) and constitutively inactive cgRNAs that are conditionally activated by an RNA trigger (OFF → ON logic). For each mechanism, automated sequence design is performed using the reaction pathway designer within NUPACK to design an orthogonal library of three cgRNAs that respond to different RNA triggers. In E. coli expressing cgRNAs, triggers, and silencing dCas9 as the protein effector, we observe a median conditional response of ≈4-fold for an ON → OFF "terminator switch" mechanism, ≈15-fold for an ON → OFF "splinted switch" mechanism, and ≈3-fold for an OFF → ON "toehold switch" mechanism; the median crosstalk within each cgRNA/trigger library is <2%, ≈2%, and ≈20% for the three mechanisms. To test the portability of cgRNA mechanisms prototyped in bacteria to mammalian cells, as well as to test generalizability to different effector functions, we implemented the terminator switch in HEK 293T cells expressing inducing dCas9 as the protein effector, observing a median ON → OFF conditional response of ≈4-fold with median crosstalk of ≈30% for three orthogonal cgRNA/trigger pairs. By providing programmable control over both the scope and target of protein effector function, cgRNA regulators offer a promising platform for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail H Hanewich-Hollatz
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Zhewei Chen
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lisa M Hochrein
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jining Huang
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Niles A Pierce
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering & Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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45
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Snijders KE, Cooper JD, Vallier L, Bertero A. Conditional Gene Knockout in Human Cells with Inducible CRISPR/Cas9. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1961:185-209. [PMID: 30912047 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9170-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The advent of the easily programmable and efficient CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease system has revolutionized genetic engineering. While conventional gene knockout experiments using CRISPR/Cas9 are very valuable, these are not well suited to study stage-specific gene function in dynamic situations such as development or disease. Here we describe a CRISPR/Cas9-based OPTimized inducible gene KnockOut method (OPTiKO) for conditional loss-of-function studies in human cells. This approach relies on an improved tetracycline-inducible system for conditional expression of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) that drive Cas9 activity. In order to ensure homogeneous and stable expression, the necessary transgenes are expressed following rapid and efficient single-step genetic engineering of the AAVS1 genomic safe harbor. When implemented in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), the approach can be then efficiently applied to virtually any hPSC-derived human cell type at various stages of development or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Snijders
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James D Cooper
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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46
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Merkert S, Martin U. Targeted Gene Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Site-Specific Nucleases. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:169-186. [PMID: 29124278 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and site-directed nucleases brought a major breakthrough in the development of regenerative therapies and biomedical research. With the advancement of ZFNs, TALENs, and the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, straightforward and precise manipulation of the genome of human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) became possible, allowing relatively easy and fast generation of gene knockouts, integration of transgenes, or even introduction of single nucleotide changes for correction or introduction of disease-specific mutations. We review current applications of site-specific nucleases in human PSCs and focus on trends and challenges for efficient gene editing and improvement of targeting strategies. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Merkert
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany. .,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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47
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Prytkova I, Goate A, Hart RP, Slesinger PA. Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Role for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1572-1590. [PMID: 29897633 PMCID: PMC6120805 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects millions of people and costs nearly 250 billion dollars annually. Few effective FDA-approved treatments exist, and more are needed. AUDs have a strong heritability, but only a few genes have been identified with a large effect size on disease phenotype. Genomewide association studies (GWASs) have identified common variants with low effect sizes, most of which are in noncoding regions of the genome. Animal models frequently fail to recapitulate key molecular features of neuropsychiatric disease due to the polygenic nature of the disease, partial conservation of coding regions, and significant disparity in noncoding regions. By contrast, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from patients provide a powerful platform for evaluating genes identified by GWAS and modeling complex interactions in the human genome. hiPSCs can be differentiated into a wide variety of human cells, including neurons, glia, and hepatic cells, which are compatible with numerous functional assays and genome editing techniques. In this review, we focus on current applications and future directions of patient hiPSC-derived central nervous system cells for modeling AUDs in addition to highlighting successful applications of hiPSCs in polygenic neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iya Prytkova
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Paul A. Slesinger
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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48
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Novel Epigenetic Techniques Provided by the CRISPR/Cas9 System. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7834175. [PMID: 30123293 PMCID: PMC6079388 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7834175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics classically refers to the inheritable changes of hereditary information without perturbing DNA sequences. Understanding mechanisms of how epigenetic factors contribute to inheritable phenotype changes and cell identity will pave the way for us to understand diverse biological processes. In recent years, the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has provided us with new routes to the epigenetic field. In this review, novel epigenetic techniques utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system are the main contents to be discussed, including epigenome editing, temporal and spatial control of epigenetic effectors, noncoding RNA manipulation, chromatin in vivo imaging, and epigenetic element screening.
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49
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Ferreccio A, Mathieu J, Detraux D, Somasundaram L, Cavanaugh C, Sopher B, Fischer K, Bello T, M Hussein A, Levy S, Cook S, Sidhu SB, Artoni F, Palpant NJ, Reinecke H, Wang Y, Paddison P, Murry C, Jayadev S, Ware C, Ruohola-Baker H. Inducible CRISPR genome editing platform in naive human embryonic stem cells reveals JARID2 function in self-renewal. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:535-549. [PMID: 29466914 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1442621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To easily edit the genome of naïve human embryonic stem cells (hESC), we introduced a dual cassette encoding an inducible Cas9 into the AAVS1 site of naïve hESC (iCas9). The iCas9 line retained karyotypic stability, expression of pluripotency markers, differentiation potential, and stability in 5iLA and EPS pluripotency conditions. The iCas9 line induced efficient homology-directed repair (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) based mutations through CRISPR-Cas9 system. We utilized the iCas9 line to study the epigenetic regulator, PRC2 in early human pluripotency. The PRC2 requirement distinguishes between early pluripotency stages, however, what regulates PRC2 activity in these stages is not understood. We show reduced H3K27me3 and pluripotency markers in JARID2 2iL-I-F hESC mutants, indicating JARID2 requirement in maintenance of hESC 2iL-I-F state. These data suggest that JARID2 regulates PRC2 in 2iL-I-F state and the lack of PRC2 function in 5iLA state may be due to lack of sufficient JARID2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ferreccio
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA
| | - Julie Mathieu
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,c Department of Comparative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA
| | - Damien Detraux
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA
| | - Logeshwaran Somasundaram
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA
| | - Christopher Cavanaugh
- b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,c Department of Comparative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA
| | - Bryce Sopher
- d Department of Neurobiology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98109 , USA
| | - Karin Fischer
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA
| | - Thomas Bello
- b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,e Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , 98109 , USA
| | - Abdiasis M Hussein
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA
| | - Shiri Levy
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA
| | - Savannah Cook
- b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,c Department of Comparative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA
| | - Sonia B Sidhu
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA
| | - Filippo Artoni
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,f Department of Pathology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98109 , USA
| | - Hans Reinecke
- b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,f Department of Pathology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98109 , USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,g Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering
| | - Patrick Paddison
- b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,h Human Biology Division , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA 98109 , USA
| | - Charles Murry
- b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,f Department of Pathology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98109 , USA.,i Center for Cardiovascular Biology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , Washington , 98109 , USA.,j Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , USA.,k Department of Medicine/Cardiology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- d Department of Neurobiology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98109 , USA
| | - Carol Ware
- b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,c Department of Comparative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , USA.,e Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , 98109 , USA.,j Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , USA
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Bertero A, Yiangou L, Brown S, Ortmann D, Pawlowski M, Vallier L. Conditional Manipulation of Gene Function in Human Cells with Optimized Inducible shRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 44:5C.4.1-5C.4.48. [PMID: 29512130 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The difficulties involved in conditionally perturbing complex gene expression networks represent major challenges toward defining the mechanisms controlling human development, physiology, and disease. We developed an OPTimized inducible KnockDown (OPTiKD) platform that addresses the limitations of previous approaches by allowing streamlined, tightly-controlled, and potent loss-of-function experiments for both single and multiple genes. The method relies on single-step genetic engineering of the AAVS1 genomic safe harbor with an optimized tetracycline-responsive cassette driving one or more inducible short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). OPTiKD provides homogeneous, dose-responsive, and reversible gene knockdown. When implemented in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), the approach can be then applied to a broad range of hPSC-derived mature cell lineages that include neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes. Generation of OPTiKD hPSCs in commonly used culture conditions is simple (plasmid based), rapid (two weeks), and highly efficient (>95%). Overall, this method facilitates the functional annotation of the human genome in health and disease. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bertero
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Pawlowski
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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