1
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Pérez-Mora S, Pérez-Ishiwara DG, Salgado-Hernández SV, Medel-Flores MO, Reyes-López CA, Rodríguez MA, Sánchez-Monroy V, Gómez-García MDC. Entamoeba histolytica: In Silico and In Vitro Oligomerization of EhHSTF5 Enhances Its Binding to the HSE of the EhPgp5 Gene Promoter. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4218. [PMID: 38673804 PMCID: PMC11050682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout its lifecycle, Entamoeba histolytica encounters a variety of stressful conditions. This parasite possesses Heat Shock Response Elements (HSEs) which are crucial for regulating the expression of various genes, aiding in its adaptation and survival. These HSEs are regulated by Heat Shock Transcription Factors (EhHSTFs). Our research has identified seven such factors in the parasite, designated as EhHSTF1 through to EhHSTF7. Significantly, under heat shock conditions and in the presence of the antiamoebic compound emetine, EhHSTF5, EhHSTF6, and EhHSTF7 show overexpression, highlighting their essential role in gene response to these stressors. Currently, only EhHSTF7 has been confirmed to recognize the HSE as a promoter of the EhPgp5 gene (HSE_EhPgp5), leaving the binding potential of the other EhHSTFs to HSEs yet to be explored. Consequently, our study aimed to examine, both in vitro and in silico, the oligomerization, and binding capabilities of the recombinant EhHSTF5 protein (rEhHSTF5) to HSE_EhPgp5. The in vitro results indicate that the oligomerization of rEhHSTF5 is concentration-dependent, with its dimeric conformation showing a higher affinity for HSE_EhPgp5 than its monomeric state. In silico analysis suggests that the alpha 3 α-helix (α3-helix) of the DNA-binding domain (DBD5) of EhHSTF5 is crucial in binding to the major groove of HSE, primarily through hydrogen bonding and salt-bridge interactions. In summary, our results highlight the importance of oligomerization in enhancing the affinity of rEhHSTF5 for HSE_EhPgp5 and demonstrate its ability to specifically recognize structural motifs within HSE_EhPgp5. These insights significantly contribute to our understanding of one of the potential molecular mechanisms employed by this parasite to efficiently respond to various stressors, thereby enabling successful adaptation and survival within its host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Pérez-Mora
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - David Guillermo Pérez-Ishiwara
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - Sandra Viridiana Salgado-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - María Olivia Medel-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
| | - César Augusto Reyes-López
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Estructural, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - Mario Alberto Rodríguez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Virginia Sánchez-Monroy
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - María del Consuelo Gómez-García
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 1, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico; (S.P.-M.); (D.G.P.-I.); (S.V.S.-H.); (M.O.M.-F.)
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2
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Qin W, Cheah JS, Xu C, Messing J, Freibaum BD, Boeynaems S, Taylor JP, Udeshi ND, Carr SA, Ting AY. Dynamic mapping of proteome trafficking within and between living cells by TransitID. Cell 2023; 186:3307-3324.e30. [PMID: 37385249 PMCID: PMC10527209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to map trafficking for thousands of endogenous proteins at once in living cells would reveal biology currently invisible to both microscopy and mass spectrometry. Here, we report TransitID, a method for unbiased mapping of endogenous proteome trafficking with nanometer spatial resolution in living cells. Two proximity labeling (PL) enzymes, TurboID and APEX, are targeted to source and destination compartments, and PL with each enzyme is performed in tandem via sequential addition of their small-molecule substrates. Mass spectrometry identifies the proteins tagged by both enzymes. Using TransitID, we mapped proteome trafficking between cytosol and mitochondria, cytosol and nucleus, and nucleolus and stress granules (SGs), uncovering a role for SGs in protecting the transcription factor JUN from oxidative stress. TransitID also identifies proteins that signal intercellularly between macrophages and cancer cells. TransitID offers a powerful approach for distinguishing protein populations based on compartment or cell type of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Departments of Biology, Genetics, and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joleen S Cheah
- Departments of Biology, Genetics, and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles Xu
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James Messing
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brian D Freibaum
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Steven Boeynaems
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Therapeutic Innovation Center, Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Namrata D Udeshi
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alice Y Ting
- Departments of Biology, Genetics, and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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3
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Mokin YI, Gavrilova AA, Fefilova AS, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Uversky VN, Fonin AV. Nucleolar- and Nuclear-Stress-Induced Membrane-Less Organelles: A Proteome Analysis through the Prism of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11007. [PMID: 37446185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical changes in the idea of the organization of intracellular space that occurred in the early 2010s made it possible to consider the formation and functioning of so-called membrane-less organelles (MLOs) based on a single physical principle: the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers. Weak non-specific inter- and intramolecular interactions of disordered polymers, primarily intrinsically disordered proteins, and RNA, play a central role in the initiation and regulation of these processes. On the other hand, in some cases, the "maturation" of MLOs can be accompanied by a "liquid-gel" phase transition, where other types of interactions can play a significant role in the reorganization of their structure. In this work, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis of the propensity of the proteomes of two membrane-less organelles, formed in response to stress in the same compartment, for spontaneous phase separation and examined their intrinsic disorder predispositions. These MLOs, amyloid bodies (A-bodies) formed in the response to acidosis and heat shock and nuclear stress bodies (nSBs), are characterized by a partially overlapping composition, but show different functional activities and morphologies. We show that the proteomes of these biocondensates are differently enriched in proteins, and many have high potential for spontaneous LLPS that correlates with the different morphology and function of these organelles. The results of these analyses allowed us to evaluate the role of weak interactions in the formation and functioning of these important organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov I Mokin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Gavrilova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Anna S Fefilova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
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4
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Joushomme A, Orlacchio R, Patrignoni L, Canovi A, Chappe YL, Poulletier De Gannes F, Hurtier A, Garenne A, Lagroye I, Moisan F, Cario M, Lévêque P, Arnaud-Cormos D, Percherancier Y. Effects of 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz radiofrequency field exposures on HSF1, RAS, ERK, and PML activation in live fibroblasts and keratinocytes cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8305. [PMID: 37221363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential health risks of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile communications technologies have raised societal concerns. Guidelines have been set to protect the population (e.g. non-specific heating above 1 °C under exposure to radiofrequency fields), but questions remain regarding the potential biological effects of non-thermal exposures. With the advent of the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communication, assessing whether exposure to this new signal induces a cellular stress response is one of the mandatory steps on the roadmap for a safe deployment and health risk evaluation. Using the BRET (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy-Transfer) technique, we assessed whether continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/ 10 min OFF) exposure of live human keratinocytes and fibroblasts cells to 5G 3.5 GHz signals at specific absorption rate (SAR) up to 4 W/kg for 24 h impact basal or chemically-induced activity of Heat Shock Factor (HSF), RAt Sarcoma virus (RAS) and Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK) kinases, and Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (PML), that are all molecular pathways involved in environmental cell-stress responses. The main results are (i), a decrease of the HSF1 basal BRET signal when fibroblasts cells were exposed at the lower SARs tested (0.25 and 1 W/kg), but not at the highest one (4 W/kg), and (ii) a slight decrease of As2O3 maximal efficacy to trigger PML SUMOylation when fibroblasts cells, but not keratinocytes, were continuously exposed to the 5G RF-EMF signal. Nevertheless, given the inconsistency of these effects in terms of impacted cell type, effective SAR, exposure mode, and molecular cell stress response, we concluded that our study show no conclusive evidence that molecular effects can arise when skin cells are exposed to the 5G RF-EMF alone or with a chemical stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Joushomme
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, IMS laboratory, UMR5218, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Rosa Orlacchio
- Limoges University, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Lorenza Patrignoni
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, IMS laboratory, UMR5218, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Anne Canovi
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, IMS laboratory, UMR5218, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Yann Loïck Chappe
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, IMS laboratory, UMR5218, F-33400, Talence, France
| | | | - Annabelle Hurtier
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, IMS laboratory, UMR5218, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - André Garenne
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, IMS laboratory, UMR5218, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Isabelle Lagroye
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, IMS laboratory, UMR5218, F-33400, Talence, France
- Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - François Moisan
- Bordeaux University, INSERM, BMGIC Laboratory, UMR1035, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Cario
- Bordeaux University, INSERM, BMGIC Laboratory, UMR1035, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lévêque
- Limoges University, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Delia Arnaud-Cormos
- Limoges University, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, F-87000, Limoges, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Yann Percherancier
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, IMS laboratory, UMR5218, F-33400, Talence, France.
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5
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Gavrilova AA, Fefilova AS, Vishnyakov IE, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Uversky VN, Fonin AV. On the Roles of the Nuclear Non-Coding RNA-Dependent Membrane-Less Organelles in the Cellular Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098108. [PMID: 37175815 PMCID: PMC10179167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of the 21st century, it became obvious that radical changes had taken place in the concept of living matter and, in particular, in the concept of the organization of intracellular space. The accumulated data testify to the essential importance of phase transitions of biopolymers (first of all, intrinsically disordered proteins and RNA) in the spatiotemporal organization of the intracellular space. Of particular interest is the stress-induced reorganization of the intracellular space. Examples of organelles formed in response to stress are nuclear A-bodies and nuclear stress bodies. The formation of these organelles is based on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and non-coding RNA. Despite their overlapping composition and similar mechanism of formation, these organelles have different functional activities and physical properties. In this review, we will focus our attention on these membrane-less organelles (MLOs) and describe their functions, structure, and mechanism of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Gavrilova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S Fefilova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Innokentii E Vishnyakov
- Group of Molecular Cytology of Prokaryotes and Bacterial Invasion, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Xu WQ, Cheah JS, Xu C, Messing J, Freibaum BD, Boeynaems S, Taylor JP, Udeshi ND, Carr SA, Ting AY. Dynamic mapping of proteome trafficking within and between living cells by TransitID. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.07.527548. [PMID: 36798302 PMCID: PMC9934598 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to map trafficking for thousands of endogenous proteins at once in living cells would reveal biology currently invisible to both microscopy and mass spectrometry. Here we report TransitID, a method for unbiased mapping of endogenous proteome trafficking with nanometer spatial resolution in living cells. Two proximity labeling (PL) enzymes, TurboID and APEX, are targeted to source and destination compartments, and PL with each enzyme is performed in tandem via sequential addition of their small-molecule substrates. Mass spectrometry identifies the proteins tagged by both enzymes. Using TransitID, we mapped proteome trafficking between cytosol and mitochondria, cytosol and nucleus, and nucleolus and stress granules, uncovering a role for stress granules in protecting the transcription factor JUN from oxidative stress. TransitID also identifies proteins that signal intercellularly between macrophages and cancer cells. TransitID introduces a powerful approach for distinguishing protein populations based on compartment or cell type of origin.
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7
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Roos-Mattjus P, Sistonen L. Interplay between mammalian heat shock factors 1 and 2 in physiology and pathology. FEBS J 2022; 289:7710-7725. [PMID: 34478606 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The heat-shock factors (HSFs) belong to an evolutionary conserved family of transcription factors that were discovered already over 30 years ago. The HSFs have been shown to a have a broad repertoire of target genes, and they also have crucial functions during normal development. Importantly, HSFs have been linked to several disease states, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, highlighting their importance in physiology and pathology. However, it is still unclear how HSFs are regulated and how they choose their specific target genes under different conditions. Posttranslational modifications and interplay among the HSF family members have been shown to be key regulatory mechanisms for these transcription factors. In this review, we focus on the mammalian HSF1 and HSF2, including their interplay, and provide an updated overview of the advances in understanding how HSFs are regulated and how they function in multiple processes of development, aging, and disease. We also discuss HSFs as therapeutic targets, especially the recently reported HSF1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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8
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Lazaro-Pena MI, Ward ZC, Yang S, Strohm A, Merrill AK, Soto CA, Samuelson AV. HSF-1: Guardian of the Proteome Through Integration of Longevity Signals to the Proteostatic Network. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:861686. [PMID: 35874276 PMCID: PMC9304931 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.861686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries made in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that aging is under genetic control. Since these transformative initial studies, C. elegans has become a premier model system for aging research. Critically, the genes, pathways, and processes that have fundamental roles in organismal aging are deeply conserved throughout evolution. This conservation has led to a wealth of knowledge regarding both the processes that influence aging and the identification of molecular and cellular hallmarks that play a causative role in the physiological decline of organisms. One key feature of age-associated decline is the failure of mechanisms that maintain proper function of the proteome (proteostasis). Here we highlight components of the proteostatic network that act to maintain the proteome and how this network integrates into major longevity signaling pathways. We focus in depth on the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), the central regulator of gene expression for proteins that maintain the cytosolic and nuclear proteomes, and a key effector of longevity signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Lazaro-Pena
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zachary C. Ward
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sifan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Strohm
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Toxicology Training Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alyssa K. Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Toxicology Training Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Celia A. Soto
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Andrew V. Samuelson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrew V. Samuelson,
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9
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Reyes A, Navarro AJ, Diethelm-Varela B, Kalergis AM, González PA. Is there a role for HSF1 in viral infections? FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1112-1124. [PMID: 35485710 PMCID: PMC9157408 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells undergo numerous processes to adapt to new challenging conditions and stressors. Heat stress is regulated by a family of heat shock factors (HSFs) that initiate a heat shock response by upregulating the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) intended to counteract cellular damage elicited by increased environmental temperature. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is known as the master regulator of the heat shock response and upon its activation induces the transcription of genes that encode for molecular chaperones, such as HSP40, HSP70, and HSP90. Importantly, an accumulating body of studies relates HSF1 with viral infections; the induction of fever during viral infection may activate HSF1 and trigger a consequent heat shock response. Here, we review the role of HSF1 in different viral infections and its impact on the health outcome for the host. Studying the relationship between HSF1 and viruses could open new potential therapeutic strategies given the availability of drugs that regulate the activation of this transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reyes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Areli J Navarro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Benjamín Diethelm-Varela
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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10
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Comprehensive Profiling of Paper Mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera) Crotonylome Reveals the Significance of Lysine Crotonylation in Young Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031173. [PMID: 35163093 PMCID: PMC8834973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine crotonylation is a newly discovered and reversible posttranslational modification involved in various biological processes, especially metabolism regulation. A total of 5159 lysine crotonylation sites in 2272 protein groups were identified. Twenty-seven motifs were found to be the preferred amino acid sequences for crotonylation sites. Functional annotation analyses revealed that most crotonylated proteins play important roles in metabolic processes and photosynthesis. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that lysine crotonylation preferentially targets a variety of important biological processes, including ribosome, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, proteasome and the TCA cycle, indicating lysine crotonylation is involved in the common mechanism of metabolic regulation. A protein interaction network analysis revealed that diverse interactions are modulated by protein crotonylation. These results suggest that lysine crotonylation is involved in a variety of biological processes. HSP70 is a crucial protein involved in protecting plant cells and tissues from thermal or abiotic stress responses, and HSP70 protein was found to be crotonylated in paper mulberry. This systematic analysis provides the first comprehensive analysis of lysine crotonylation in paper mulberry and provides important resources for further study on the regulatory mechanism and function of the lysine crotonylated proteome.
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11
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Pesonen L, Svartsjö S, Bäck V, de Thonel A, Mezger V, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, Roos-Mattjus P. Gambogic acid and gambogenic acid induce a thiol-dependent heat shock response and disrupt the interaction between HSP90 and HSF1 or HSF2. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:819-833. [PMID: 34331200 PMCID: PMC8492855 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on heat shock proteins (HSPs) for growth and survival. Especially HSP90 has multiple client proteins and plays a critical role in malignant transformation, and therefore different types of HSP90 inhibitors are being developed. The bioactive natural compound gambogic acid (GB) is a prenylated xanthone with antitumor activity, and it has been proposed to function as an HSP90 inhibitor. However, there are contradicting reports whether GB induces a heat shock response (HSR), which is cytoprotective for cancer cells and therefore a potentially problematic feature for an anticancer drug. In this study, we show that GB and a structurally related compound, called gambogenic acid (GBA), induce a robust HSR, in a thiol-dependent manner. Using heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) or HSF2 knockout cells, we show that the GB or GBA-induced HSR is HSF1-dependent. Intriguingly, using closed form ATP-bound HSP90 mutants that can be co-precipitated with HSF1, a known facilitator of cancer, we show that also endogenous HSF2 co-precipitates with HSP90. GB and GBA treatment disrupt the interaction between HSP90 and HSF1 and HSP90 and HSF2. Our study implies that these compounds should be used cautiously if developed for cancer therapies, since GB and its derivative GBA are strong inducers of the HSR, in multiple cell types, by involving the dissociation of a HSP90-HSF1/HSF2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Pesonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Sally Svartsjö
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Viktor Bäck
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Délara Sabéran-Djoneidi
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland.
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12
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Verma A, Sumi S, Seervi M. Heat shock proteins-driven stress granule dynamics: yet another avenue for cell survival. Apoptosis 2021; 26:371-384. [PMID: 33978921 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionary conserved 'stress-response' proteins that facilitate cell survival against various adverse conditions. HSP-mediated cytoprotection was hitherto reported to occur principally in two ways. Firstly, HSPs interact directly or indirectly with apoptosis signaling components and suppress apoptosis. Secondly, through chaperon activity, HSPs suppress proteotoxicity and maintain protein-homeostasis. Recent studies highlight the interaction of HSPs with cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs). SGs are conserved cytoplasmic mRNPs granules that aid in cell survival under stressful conditions. We primarily aim to describe the distinct cell survival strategy mediated by HSPs as the crucial regulators of SGs assembly and disassembly. Based on the growing evidence, HSPs and associated co-chaperones act as important determinants of SG assembly, composition and dissolution. Under cellular stress, as a 'stress-coping mechanism', the formation of SGs reprograms protein translation machinery and modulates signaling pathways indispensable for cell survival. Besides their role in suppressing apoptosis, HSPs also regulate protein-homeostasis by their chaperone activity as well as by their tight regulation of SG dynamics. The intricate molecular signaling in and around the nexus of HSPs-SGs and its importance in diseases has to be unearthed. These studies have significant implications in the management of chronic diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases where SGs possess pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mahendra Seervi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
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13
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Connecting the "dots": RNP granule network in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119058. [PMID: 33989700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
All cells contain ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules - large membraneless structures composed of RNA and proteins. Recent breakthroughs in RNP granule research have brought a new appreciation of their crucial role in organising virtually all cellular processes. Cells widely exploit the flexible, dynamic nature of RNP granules to adapt to a variety of functional states and the ever-changing environment. Constant exchange of molecules between the different RNP granules connects them into a network. This network controls basal cellular activities and is remodelled to enable efficient stress response. Alterations in RNP granule structure and regulation have been found to lead to fatal human diseases. The interconnectedness of RNP granules suggests that the RNP granule network as a whole becomes affected in disease states such as a representative neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we summarize available evidence on the communication between different RNP granules and on the RNP granule network disruption as a primary ALS pathomechanism.
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14
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Inhibition of HSF1 and SAFB Granule Formation Enhances Apoptosis Induced by Heat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094982. [PMID: 34067147 PMCID: PMC8124827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress resistance mechanisms include upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and formation of granules. Stress-induced granules are classified into stress granules and nuclear stress bodies (nSBs). The present study examined the involvement of nSB formation in thermal resistance. We used chemical compounds that inhibit heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) and scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB) granule formation and determined their effect on granule formation and HSP expression in HeLa cells. We found that formation of HSF1 and SAFB granules was inhibited by 2,5-hexanediol. We also found that suppression of HSF1 and SAFB granule formation enhanced heat stress-induced apoptosis. In addition, the upregulation of HSP27 and HSP70 during heat stress recovery was suppressed by 2,5-hexanediol. Our results suggested that the formation of HSF1 and SAFB granules was likely to be involved in the upregulation of HSP27 and HSP70 during heat stress recovery. Thus, the formation of HSF1 and SAFB granules was involved in thermal resistance.
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15
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Masser AE, Ciccarelli M, Andréasson C. Hsf1 on a leash - controlling the heat shock response by chaperone titration. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112246. [PMID: 32861670 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) is an ancient transcription factor that monitors protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and counteracts disturbances by triggering a transcriptional programme known as the heat shock response (HSR). The HSR is transiently activated and upregulates the expression of core proteostasis genes, including chaperones. Dysregulation of Hsf1 and its target genes are associated with disease; cancer cells rely on a constitutively active Hsf1 to promote rapid growth and malignancy, whereas Hsf1 hypoactivation in neurodegenerative disorders results in formation of toxic aggregates. These central but opposing roles highlight the importance of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that control Hsf1 activity. According to current understanding, Hsf1 is maintained latent by chaperone interactions but proteostasis perturbations titrate chaperone availability as a result of chaperone sequestration by misfolded proteins. Liberated and activated Hsf1 triggers a negative feedback loop by inducing the expression of key chaperones. Until recently, Hsp90 has been highlighted as the central negative regulator of Hsf1 activity. In this review, we focus on recent advances regarding how the Hsp70 chaperone controls Hsf1 activity and in addition summarise several additional layers of activity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Masser
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michela Ciccarelli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Andréasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Chakraborty A, Edkins AL. Hop depletion reduces HSF1 levels and activity and coincides with reduced stress resilience. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:440-446. [PMID: 32334836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) regulates the transcriptional response to stress and controls expression of molecular chaperones required for cell survival. Here we report that HSF1 is regulated by the abundance of the Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop/STIP1). HSF1 levels were significantly reduced in Hop-depleted HEK293T cells. HSF1 transcriptional activity at the Hsp70 promoter, and binding of a biotinylated HSE oligonucleotide under both basal and heat-shock conditions were significantly reduced. Hop-depleted HEK293T cells were more sensitive to the HSF1 inhibitor KRIBB11 and showed reduced short-term proliferation, and reduced long-term survival under basal and heat-shock conditions. HSF1 nuclear localization was reduced in response to heat-shock and the nuclear staining pattern in Hop-depleted cells was punctate. Taken together, these data suggest that Hop regulates HSF1 function under both basal and stress conditions through a mechanism involving changes in levels, activity and subcellular localization, and coincides with reduced cellular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abantika Chakraborty
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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17
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Alasady MJ, Mendillo ML. The Multifaceted Role of HSF1 in Tumorigenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1243:69-85. [PMID: 32297212 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40204-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1), the master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response (HSR), was first cloned more than 30 years ago. Most early research interrogating the role that HSF1 plays in biology focused on its cytoprotective functions, as a factor that promotes the survival of organisms by protecting against the proteotoxicity associated with neurodegeneration and other pathological conditions. However, recent studies have revealed a deleterious role of HSF1, as a factor that is co-opted by cancer cells to promote their own survival to the detriment of the organism. In cancer, HSF1 operates in a multifaceted manner to promote oncogenic transformation, proliferation, metastatic dissemination, and anti-cancer drug resistance. Here we review our current understanding of HSF1 activation and function in malignant progression and discuss the potential for HSF1 inhibition as a novel anticancer strategy. Collectively, this ever-growing body of work points to a prominent role of HSF1 in nearly every aspect of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad J Alasady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Niemelä E, Desai D, Lundsten E, Rosenholm JM, Kankaanpää P, Eriksson JE. Quantitative bioimage analytics enables measurement of targeted cellular stress response induced by celastrol-loaded nanoparticles. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:735-748. [PMID: 31079284 PMCID: PMC6629742 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular stress response, which provides protection against proteotoxic stresses, is characterized by the activation of heat shock factor 1 and the formation of nuclear stress bodies (nSBs). In this study, we developed a computerized method to quantify the formation and size distribution of nSBs, as stress response induction is of interest in cancer research, neurodegenerative diseases, and in other pathophysiological processes. We employed an advanced bioimaging and analytics workflow to enable quantitative detailed subcellular analysis of cell populations even down to single-cell level. This type of detailed analysis requires automated single cell analysis to allow for detection of both size and distribution of nSBs. For specific induction of nSB we used mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with celastrol, a plant-derived triterpene with the ability to activate the stress response. To enable specific targeting, we employed folic acid functionalized nanoparticles, which yields targeting to folate receptor expressing cancer cells. In this way, we could assess the ability to quantitatively detect directed and spatio-temporal nSB induction using 2D and 3D confocal imaging. Our results demonstrate successful implementation of an imaging and analytics workflow based on a freely available, general-purpose software platform, BioImageXD, also compatible with other imaging modalities due to full 3D/4D and high-throughput batch processing support. The developed quantitative imaging analytics workflow opens possibilities for detailed stress response examination in cell populations, with significant potential in the analysis of targeted drug delivery systems related to cell stress and other cytoprotective cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Niemelä
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Diti Desai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Emine Lundsten
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Kankaanpää
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - John E. Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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19
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Sun F, Zuo YZ, Ge J, Xia J, Li XN, Lin J, Zhang C, Xu HL, Li JL. Transport stress induces heart damage in newly hatched chicks via blocking the cytoprotective heat shock response and augmenting nitric oxide production. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2638-2646. [PMID: 29750253 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport stress affects the animal's metabolism and psychological state. As a pro-survival pathway, the heat shock response (HSR) protects healthy cells from stressors. However, it is unclear whether the HSR plays a role in transport stress-induced heart damage. To evaluate the effects of transport stress on heart damage and HSR protection, newly hatched chicks were treated with transport stress for 2 h, 4 h and 8 h. Transport stress caused decreases in body weight and increases in serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, nitric oxide (NO) content in heart tissue, cardiac nitric oxide syntheses (NOS) activity and NOS isoforms transcription. The mRNA expression of heat shock factors (HSFs, including HSF1-3) and heat shock proteins (HSPs, including HSP25, HSP40, HSP47, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 and HSP110) in the heart of 2 h transport-treated chicks was upregulated. After 8 h of transport stress in chicks, the transcription levels of the same HSPs and HSF2 were reduced in the heart. It was also found that the changes in the HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 protein levels had similar tendencies. These results suggested that transport stress augmented NO generation through enhancing the activity of NOS and the transcription of NOS isoforms. Therefore, this study provides new evidence that transport stress induces heart damage in the newly hatched chicks by blocking the cytoprotective HSR and augmenting NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-Z Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - J Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - J Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - X-N Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - J Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - H-L Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - J-L Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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20
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Barna J, Csermely P, Vellai T. Roles of heat shock factor 1 beyond the heat shock response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2897-2916. [PMID: 29774376 PMCID: PMC11105406 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various stress factors leading to protein damage induce the activation of an evolutionarily conserved cell protective mechanism, the heat shock response (HSR), to maintain protein homeostasis in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) plays a central role in the HSR. HSF1 was initially known as a transcription factor that upregulates genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), also called molecular chaperones, which assist in refolding or degrading injured intracellular proteins. However, recent accumulating evidence indicates multiple additional functions for HSF1 beyond the activation of HSPs. Here, we present a nearly comprehensive list of non-HSP-related target genes of HSF1 identified so far. Through controlling these targets, HSF1 acts in diverse stress-induced cellular processes and molecular mechanisms, including the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and ubiquitin-proteasome system, multidrug resistance, autophagy, apoptosis, immune response, cell growth arrest, differentiation underlying developmental diapause, chromatin remodelling, cancer development, and ageing. Hence, HSF1 emerges as a major orchestrator of cellular stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Barna
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Robert HML, Savatier J, Vial S, Verghese J, Wattellier B, Rigneault H, Monneret S, Polleux J, Baffou G. Photothermal Control of Heat-Shock Protein Expression at the Single Cell Level. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801910. [PMID: 29995322 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Laser heating of individual cells in culture recently led to seminal studies in cell poration, fusion, migration, or nanosurgery, although measuring the local temperature increase in such experiments remains a challenge. Here, the laser-induced dynamical control of the heat-shock response is demonstrated at the single cell level, enabled by the use of light-absorbing gold nanoparticles as nanosources of heat and a temperature mapping technique based on quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QLSI) measurements. As it is label-free, this approach does not suffer from artifacts inherent to previously reported fluorescence-based temperature-mapping techniques and enables the use of any standard fluorescent labels to monitor in parallel the cell's response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien M L Robert
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
- PHASICS S.A., Parc technologique de Saint Aubin, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, Saint Aubin, France
| | - Julien Savatier
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Stéphanie Vial
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Jacob Verghese
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Benoit Wattellier
- PHASICS S.A., Parc technologique de Saint Aubin, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, Saint Aubin, France
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Serge Monneret
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Julien Polleux
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
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22
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Higuchi-Sanabria R, Frankino PA, Paul JW, Tronnes SU, Dillin A. A Futile Battle? Protein Quality Control and the Stress of Aging. Dev Cell 2018; 44:139-163. [PMID: 29401418 PMCID: PMC5896312 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There exists a phenomenon in aging research whereby early life stress can have positive impacts on longevity. The mechanisms underlying these observations suggest a robust, long-lasting induction of cellular defense mechanisms. These include the various unfolded protein responses of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cytosol, and mitochondria. Indeed, ectopic induction of these pathways, in the absence of stress, is sufficient to increase lifespan in organisms as diverse as yeast, worms, and flies. Here, we provide an overview of the protein quality control mechanisms that operate in the cytosol, mitochondria, and ER and discuss how they affect cellular health and viability during stress and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Phillip Andrew Frankino
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joseph West Paul
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sarah Uhlein Tronnes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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23
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Dayalan Naidu S, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Regulation of the mammalian heat shock factor 1. FEBS J 2017; 284:1606-1627. [PMID: 28052564 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms are endowed with the capability to tackle various forms of cellular stress due to the presence of molecular chaperone machinery complexes that are ubiquitous throughout the cell. During conditions of proteotoxic stress, the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) mediates the elevation of heat shock proteins, which are crucial components of the chaperone complex machinery and function to ameliorate protein misfolding and aggregation and restore protein homeostasis. In addition, HSF1 orchestrates a versatile transcriptional programme that includes genes involved in repair and clearance of damaged macromolecules and maintenance of cell structure and metabolism, and provides protection against a broad range of cellular stress mediators, beyond heat shock. Here, we discuss the structure and function of the mammalian HSF1 and its regulation by post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, sumoylation and acetylation), proteasomal degradation, and small-molecule activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Relationships between Stress Granules, Oxidative Stress, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1809592. [PMID: 28194255 PMCID: PMC5286466 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1809592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) are critical for facilitating stress responses and for preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins. SGs, however, have been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, in part because SGs share many components with neuronal granules. Oxidative stress is one of the conditions that induce SG formation. SGs regulate redox levels, and SG formation in turn is differently regulated by various types of oxidative stress. These associations and other evidences suggest that SG formation contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review the regulation of SG formation/assembly and discuss the interactions between oxidative stress and SG formation. We then discuss the links between SGs and neurodegenerative diseases and the current therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases that target SGs.
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Widlak W, Vydra N. The Role of Heat Shock Factors in Mammalian Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2017; 222:45-65. [PMID: 28389750 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51409-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), as regulators of heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression, are well known for their cytoprotective functions during cellular stress. They also play important yet less recognized roles in gametogenesis. All HSF family members are expressed during mammalian spermatogenesis, mainly in spermatocytes and round spermatids which are characterized by extensive chromatin remodeling. Different HSFs could cooperate to maintain proper spermatogenesis. Cooperation of HSF1 and HSF2 is especially well established since their double knockout results in meiosis arrest, spermatocyte apoptosis, and male infertility. Both factors are also involved in the repackaging of the DNA during spermatid differentiation. They can form heterotrimers regulating the basal level of transcription of target genes. Moreover, HSF1/HSF2 interactions are lost in elevated temperatures which can impair the transcription of genes essential for spermatogenesis. In most mammals, spermatogenesis occurs a few degrees below the body temperature and spermatogenic cells are extremely heat-sensitive. Pro-survival pathways are not induced by heat stress (e.g., cryptorchidism) in meiotic and postmeiotic cells. Instead, male germ cells are actively eliminated by apoptosis, which prevents transition of the potentially damaged genetic material to the next generation. Such a response depends on the transcriptional activity of HSF1 which in contrary to most somatic cells, acts as a proapoptotic factor in spermatogenic cells. HSF1 activation could be the main trigger of impaired spermatogenesis related not only to elevated temperature but also to other stress conditions; therefore, HSF1 has been proposed to be the quality control factor in male germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslawa Widlak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Natalia Vydra
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
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Selective killing of cancer cells by small molecules targeting heat shock stress response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1509-14. [PMID: 27553278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HSF1 heat shock response has emerged as a valuable non-oncogenetic intervention point in targeted cancer therapy. Current reporter based high throughput screening has led to the discovery of several compounds or chemotypes that are effective in the growth inhibition of multiple cancer cell lines and relevant animal tumor models. However, some intrinsic limitations of reporter based assays can potentially lead to biased results. Using a previously validated high content image based assay, we performed a phenotypic screen targeting HSF1 heat shock pathway with a chemically diversified library of over 100,000 compounds. Several novel functional inhibitors of HSF1 pathway were identified with different chemotypes. Western blot analysis confirmed that selective compounds inhibit phosphorylation of HSF1, followed by reduced expression of HSP proteins. Moreover, HeLa cells stably transfected with HSF1 shRNA were more resistant to the compound treatment under lethal temperature than cells containing HSF1, validating HSF1 dependent mechanism of action. These compounds demonstrate nanomolar potency toward multiple cancer cell lines with relatively low cytotoxicity to normal cells. Further SAR and target identification study will pave the way for the potential development of next generation anticancer drugs.
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Etard C, Armant O, Roostalu U, Gourain V, Ferg M, Strähle U. Loss of function of myosin chaperones triggers Hsf1-mediated transcriptional response in skeletal muscle cells. Genome Biol 2015; 16:267. [PMID: 26631063 PMCID: PMC4668643 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in myosin chaperones Unc45b and Hsp90aa1.1 as well as in the Unc45b-binding protein Smyd1b impair formation of myofibrils in skeletal muscle and lead to the accumulation of misfolded myosin. The concomitant transcriptional response involves up-regulation of the three genes encoding these proteins, as well as genes involved in muscle development. The transcriptional up-regulation of unc45b, hsp90aa1.1 and smyd1b is specific to zebrafish mutants with myosin folding defects, and is not triggered in other zebrafish myopathy models. Results By dissecting the promoter of unc45b, we identify a Heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) binding element as a mediator of unc45b up-regulation in myofibers lacking myosin folding proteins. Loss-of-function of Hsf1 abolishes unc45b up-regulation in mutants with defects in myosin folding. Conclusions Taken together, our data show that skeletal muscle cells respond to defective myosin chaperones with a complex gene program and suggest that this response is mediated by Hsf1 activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0825-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Etard
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, PO box, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olivier Armant
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, PO box, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Present address: Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Michael Smith Bldg, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Victor Gourain
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, PO box, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marco Ferg
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, PO box, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, PO box, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Miozzo F, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, Mezger V. HSFs, Stress Sensors and Sculptors of Transcription Compartments and Epigenetic Landscapes. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3793-816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Yang G, Niu JK, Li XY, Zhang FR, Miao YL. Effect of knockdown or overexpression of heat shock transcription factor 2 on apoptosis and migration of human colonic epithelial cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3846-3859. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i24.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the role of heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2) in cell apoptosis and migration in human colonic epithelial cell line HT-29 by means of interference and overexpression.
METHODS: Apoptosis of HT-29 cells was induced by incubation with sodium butyrate (SB) for different durations. Cytotoxicity was estimated by MTT assay, and the cell cycle and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometry to choose the optimal time and concentration of SB. HT-29 cells were then transfected with HSF2 siRNA or a lentiviral vector (Ubi-MCS-3FLAG-SV40-EGFP). The overexpression or knockdown of HSF2 was detected by Leica DMIRB and Western blot. After transfection, cell migration ability was measured by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Apoptosis of HT-29 cells was induced with SB after transfection, cell proliferation was studied by MTT assay, and cell cycle and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: Compared with the negative control (NC) group, SB at 2.5, 5.0, or 10 mmol/L could significantly cause growth inhibition after 48 h of incubation (P < 0.01), and the effect was time- and dose-dependent. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the SB treated groups (1.25, 2.5, 5.0, or 10 mmol/L for 48 h) than in the NC group (51.588% ± 5.110%, 77.732% ± 2.746%, 90.115% ± 1.438%, 94.247% ± 1.243% vs 0.548% ± 0.113%, P < 0.01). When the SB concentration was>2.5 mmol/L, the apoptosis rate increased significantly (P < 0.01). When treated with 1.25 mmol/L SB for 48 h, the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase cell did not show a significant difference compared with the NC group; when the concentration was > 2.5 mmol/L (5.0 or 10.0 mmol/L), SB could induce G1/G0 arrest (P < 0.01). After lentiviral transfection, a large number of HT-29 cells with green fluorescence was observed by Leica DMIRB (transfection efficiency>80%). Lentiviral transfection of siRNA could effectively inhibit expression of HSF2, while lentiviral transfection of Ubi-MCS-3FLAG-SV40-EGFP induced overexpression of HSF2. HSF2 overexpression significantly increased cell proliferation and migration compared with the empty vector treated group (P < 0.05), while HSF2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HT-29 cells compared with the negative siRNA group (P < 0.05). HSF2 overexpression or knockdown had no significant impact on cell cycle distribution. HSF2 overexpression significantly decreased cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.05), while HSF2 knockdown significantly increased cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: HSF2 might be a protective factor for epithelial cell apoptosis. HSF2 achieves the effects of cell protection possibly through the cell cycle regulation.
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Li X, Jia Y, Li R, Sun Z, Li X, Sui S, Zhao R. Glucocorticoid receptor is involved in the breed-dependent transcriptional regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the liver of preweaning piglets. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:123. [PMID: 26008782 PMCID: PMC4489036 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) plays an important role in steroid inactivation and catabolism. Serum concentrations of steroid hormones differ significantly between breeds in pigs, however the molecular mechanism regulating hepatic 3β-HSD expression in different breeds of pigs is poorly understood. In the present study, we used preweaning purebred male Large White (LW) and Erhualian (EHL) piglets as model to investigate the breed difference in the expression and regulation of 3β-HSD gene in porcine liver. Results The hepatic expression of 3β-HSD mRNA was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in EHL piglets compared to that in LW piglets. Significant breed differences were detected for the hepatic expression of transcription factors such as androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ). The nucleoprotein contents of AR (P < 0.05), GR (P < 0.01) and phospho-Ser211GR (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the liver of EHL piglets. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated significantly lower binding of GR, but not AR or C/EBPβ, to 3β-HSD gene promoter in EHL piglets (P < 0.05). GR was not detected to interact with C/EBPβ or AR in the co-immunoprecipitation analysis. Conclusions These results indicate that GR binding to 3β-HSD promoter is involved in the breed-dependent 3β-HSD expression in the liver of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Runsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Shiyan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
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Heat shock-induced interactions among nuclear HSFs detected by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:303-8. [PMID: 26003728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cellular response to stress is primarily controlled in cells via transcriptional activation by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). HSF1 is well-known to form homotrimers for activation upon heat shock and subsequently bind to target DNAs, such as heat-shock elements, by forming stress granules. A previous study demonstrated that nuclear HSF1 and HSF2 molecules in live cells interacted with target DNAs on the stress granules. However, the process underlying the binding interactions of HSF family in cells upon heat shock remains unclear. This study demonstrate for the first time that the interaction kinetics among nuclear HSF1, HSF2, and HSF4 upon heat shock can be detected directly in live cells using dual color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS). FCCS analyses indicated that the binding between HSFs was dramatically changed by heat shock. Interestingly, the recovery kinetics of interaction between HSF1 molecules after heat shock could be represented by changes in the relative interaction amplitude and mobility.
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Uncoupling Stress-Inducible Phosphorylation of Heat Shock Factor 1 from Its Activation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2530-40. [PMID: 25963659 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00816-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals the stress-inducible expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins is under the control of the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). Activation of HSF1 is a multistep process, involving trimerization, acquisition of DNA-binding and transcriptional activities, which coincide with several posttranslational modifications. Stress-inducible phosphorylation of HSF1, or hyperphosphorylation, which occurs mainly within the regulatory domain (RD), has been proposed as a requirement for HSF-driven transcription and is widely used for assessing HSF1 activation. Nonetheless, the contribution of hyperphosphorylation to the activity of HSF1 remains unknown. In this study, we generated a phosphorylation-deficient HSF1 mutant (HSF1Δ∼PRD), where the 15 known phosphorylation sites within the RD were disrupted. Our results show that the phosphorylation status of the RD does not affect the subcellular localization and DNA-binding activity of HSF1. Surprisingly, under stress conditions, HSF1Δ∼PRD is a potent transactivator of both endogenous targets and a reporter gene, and HSF1Δ∼PRD has a reduced activation threshold. Our results provide the first direct evidence for uncoupling stress-inducible phosphorylation of HSF1 from its activation, and we propose that the phosphorylation signature alone is not an appropriate marker for HSF1 activity.
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33
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Kim SS, Chang Z, Park JS. Identification, tissue distribution and characterization of two heat shock factors (HSFs) in goldfish (Carassius auratus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:375-386. [PMID: 25592877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are synthesized rapidly in response to a variety of physiological or environmental stressors, whereas the transcriptional activation of HSPs is regulated by a family of heat shock factors (HSFs). In vertebrates, multiple HSFs (HSF1-4) have been reported to have different roles in response to a range of stresses. This paper reports the cDNA cloning of two goldfish (Carassius auratus) HSF gene families, HSF1 and three isoforms of HSF2. Both HSF1 and HSF2s showed high homology to the known HSFs from other organisms, particularly the zebrafish. Different patterns of HSF1 and HSF2 mRNA expression were detected in several goldfish tissues, highlighting their distinct roles. In cadmium (Cd)-treated tissues, the responses of HSP70 showed less difference. However, the increase in HSF1 and HSF2 in these tissues differs considerable. In particular, HSF2 was induced strongly in the heart and liver. On the other hand, in heart tissue, HSF1 showed the smallest increment. These results suggest the potential role of HSF2 in assisting HSF1 in these tissues. In another in vitro experiment of hepatocyte cultures, Cd exposure caused similar patterns of goldfish HSF1 and HSF2 mRNA expression and induction of the HSP70 protein. On the other hand, an examination of the characterization of recombinant proteins showed that HSF1 undergoes a conformation change induced by heat shock above 30 °C and approaches each other in the trimer, whereas HSF2 could not sense thermal stress directly. Furthermore, immune-blot analysis of HSFs showed that both monomers and trimmers of HSF1 were observed in cadmium-induced tissues, whereas HSF2 were all in monomeric. These results show that HSF1 and HSF2 play different roles in the transcription of heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziwei Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Su Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Korfanty J, Stokowy T, Widlak P, Gogler-Piglowska A, Handschuh L, Podkowiński J, Vydra N, Naumowicz A, Toma-Jonik A, Widlak W. Crosstalk between HSF1 and HSF2 during the heat shock response in mouse testes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Elsing AN, Aspelin C, Björk JK, Bergman HA, Himanen SV, Kallio MJ, Roos-Mattjus P, Sistonen L. Expression of HSF2 decreases in mitosis to enable stress-inducible transcription and cell survival. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 206:735-49. [PMID: 25202032 PMCID: PMC4164949 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of global transcriptional inhibition, a decrease in HSF2 expression during mitosis allows for heat shock protein expression and protects cells against proteotoxicity. Unless mitigated, external and physiological stresses are detrimental for cells, especially in mitosis, resulting in chromosomal missegregation, aneuploidy, or apoptosis. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) maintain protein homeostasis and promote cell survival. Hsps are transcriptionally regulated by heat shock factors (HSFs). Of these, HSF1 is the master regulator and HSF2 modulates Hsp expression by interacting with HSF1. Due to global inhibition of transcription in mitosis, including HSF1-mediated expression of Hsps, mitotic cells are highly vulnerable to stress. Here, we show that cells can counteract transcriptional silencing and protect themselves against proteotoxicity in mitosis. We found that the condensed chromatin of HSF2-deficient cells is accessible for HSF1 and RNA polymerase II, allowing stress-inducible Hsp expression. Consequently, HSF2-deficient cells exposed to acute stress display diminished mitotic errors and have a survival advantage. We also show that HSF2 expression declines during mitosis in several but not all human cell lines, which corresponds to the Hsp70 induction and protection against stress-induced mitotic abnormalities and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Elsing
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Camilla Aspelin
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna K Björk
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi A Bergman
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Samu V Himanen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Marko J Kallio
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Neueder A, Achilli F, Moussaoui S, Bates GP. Novel isoforms of heat shock transcription factor 1, HSF1γα and HSF1γβ, regulate chaperone protein gene transcription. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19894-906. [PMID: 24855652 PMCID: PMC4106310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response, resulting in the production of heat shock proteins or molecular chaperones, is triggered by elevated temperature and a variety of other stressors. Its master regulator is heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). Heat shock factors generally exist in multiple isoforms. The two known isoforms of HSF1 differ in the inclusion (HSF1α) or exclusion (HSF1β) of exon 11. Although there are some data concerning the differential expression patterns and transcriptional activities of HSF2 isoforms during development, little is known about the distinct properties of the HSF1 isoforms. Here we present evidence for two novel HSF1 isoforms termed HSF1γα and HSF1γβ, and we show that the HSF1 isoform ratio differentially regulates heat shock protein gene transcription. Hsf1γ isoforms are expressed in various mouse tissues and are translated into protein. Furthermore, after heat shock, HSF1γ isoforms are exported from the nucleus more rapidly or degraded more quickly than HSF1α or HSF1β. We also show that each individual HSF1 isoform is sufficient to induce the heat shock response and that expression of combinations of HSF1 isoforms, in particular HSF1α and HSF1β, results in a synergistic enhancement of the transcriptional response. In addition, HSF1γ isoforms potentially suppress the synergistic effect of HSF1α and HSF1β co-expression. Collectively, our observations suggest that the expression of HSF1 isoforms in a specific ratio provides an additional layer in the regulation of heat shock protein gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Neueder
- From the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom and
| | - Francesca Achilli
- From the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom and
| | - Saliha Moussaoui
- Neuroscience Discovery, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gillian P Bates
- From the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom and
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Abstract
This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of nuclear bodies in regulating gene expression. The compartmentalization of cellular processes, such as ribosome biogenesis, RNA processing, cellular response to stress, transcription, modification and assembly of spliceosomal snRNPs, histone gene synthesis and nuclear RNA retention, has significant implications for gene regulation. These functional nuclear domains include the nucleolus, nuclear speckle, nuclear stress body, transcription factory, Cajal body, Gemini of Cajal body, histone locus body and paraspeckle. We herein review the roles of nuclear bodies in regulating gene expression and their relation to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelius F. Boerkoel
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-604-875-2157; Fax: +1-604-875-2376
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Ito T, Sato A, Ono T, Goto K, Maeda T, Takanari J, Nishioka H, Komatsu K, Matsuura H. Isolation, structural elucidation, and biological evaluation of a 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural derivative, asfural, from enzyme-treated asparagus extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9155-9159. [PMID: 24000899 DOI: 10.1021/jf402010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF; 1) derivative, which is named asfural (compound 2), was isolated from enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) along with HMF (1) as a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inducible compound. The structure of compound 2 was elucidated on the basis of its spectroscopic data from HREIMS and NMR, whereas the absolute configuration was determined using chiral HPLC analysis, compared to two synthesized compounds, (S)- and (R)-asfural. As a result, compound 2 derived from ETAS was assigned as (S)-(2-formylfuran-5-yl)methyl 5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate. When compound 2, synthesized (S)- and (R)-asfural, and HMF (1) were evaluated in terms of HSP70 mRNA expression-enhancing activity in HL-60 cells, compound 2 and (S)-asfural significantly increased the expression level in a concentration-dependent manner. HMF (1) also showed significant activity at 0.25 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ito
- Research and Development Division, Amino Up Chemical Company, Ltd. , 363-32 Shin-ei, Kiyota, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
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Zou H, Jiang Z, Li R, Jia Y, Yang X, Ni Y, Zhao R. p53 cooperates with Sp1 to regulate breed-dependent expression of glucocorticoid receptor in the liver of preweaning piglets. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70494. [PMID: 23950944 PMCID: PMC3737268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that Chinese indigenous pig breeds demonstrate distinct pattern of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, which is associated with their unique growth and metabolic phenotypes. Here we sought to unravel the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the breed-specific hepatic GR expression in preweaning Chinese Erhualian (EHL) and Western Large White (LW) piglets. Total GR mRNA and the predominant GR mRNA variant 1-9/10 were expressed significantly higher in EHL compared with LW piglets (P<0.01), which was associated with more enriched histone H3 acetylation on 1-9/10 promoter (P<0.05). Nuclear content of transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was significantly lower in EHL piglets, yet its binding to GR 1-9/10 promoter was significantly higher in EHL piglets, as revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Although p53 binding to GR promoter 1-9/10 did not differ between breeds, expression of p53 mRNA and protein, as well as its binding to Sp1, were significantly higher in EHL piglets. Moreover, p53 activator doxorubicin significantly enhanced GR 1-9/10 promoter activity in HepG2 cells at 100 nM, which was associated with significantly higher protein content of p53 and GR. Sp1 inhibitor, mithramycin A, significantly inhibited (P<0.05) the basal activity of GR promoter 1-9/10 and completely blocked doxorubicin -induced activation of GR promoter 1-9/10. These data indicate that higher hepatic GR expression in EHL piglets attributes mainly to the enhanced transcription of GR promoter 1-9/10, which is achieved from breed-specific interaction of p53 and Sp1 on porcine GR 1-9/10 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Runsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Herbomel G, Kloster-Landsberg M, Folco EG, Col E, Usson Y, Vourc’h C, Delon A, Souchier C. Dynamics of the full length and mutated heat shock factor 1 in human cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67566. [PMID: 23861773 PMCID: PMC3704536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 is the key transcription factor of the heat shock response. Its function is to protect the cell against the deleterious effects of stress. Upon stress, HSF1 binds to and transcribes hsp genes and repeated satellite III (sat III) sequences present at the 9q12 locus. HSF1 binding to pericentric sat III sequences forms structures known as nuclear stress bodies (nSBs). nSBs represent a natural amplification of RNA pol II dependent transcription sites. Dynamics of HSF1 and of deletion mutants were studied in living cells using multi-confocal Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (mFCS) and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). In this paper, we show that HSF1 dynamics modifications upon heat shock result from both formation of high molecular weight complexes and increased HSF1 interactions with chromatin. These interactions involve both DNA binding with Heat Shock Element (HSE) and sat III sequences and a more transient sequence-independent binding likely corresponding to a search for more specific targets. We find that the trimerization domain is required for low affinity interactions with chromatin while the DNA binding domain is required for site-specific interactions of HSF1 with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Herbomel
- INSERM, University Grenoble 1, IAB CRI U823 team 10, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Eric G. Folco
- INSERM, University Grenoble 1, IAB CRI U823 team 10, La Tronche, France
| | - Edwige Col
- INSERM, University Grenoble 1, IAB CRI U823 team 10, La Tronche, France
| | - Yves Usson
- University Grenoble I, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG UMR5525, La Tronche, France
| | - Claire Vourc’h
- INSERM, University Grenoble 1, IAB CRI U823 team 10, La Tronche, France
| | - Antoine Delon
- University Grenoble 1, CNRS, LIPhy UMR 5588, St Martin d’Hères, France
| | - Catherine Souchier
- INSERM, University Grenoble 1, IAB CRI U823 team 10, La Tronche, France
- * E-mail:
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Regulatory Roles for Long ncRNA and mRNA. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:462-90. [PMID: 24216986 PMCID: PMC3730338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have identified the transcription of a much larger portion of the genome than previously anticipated. Especially in the context of cancer it has become clear that aberrant transcription of both protein-coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are frequent events. The current dogma of RNA function describes mRNA to be responsible for the synthesis of proteins, whereas non-coding RNA can have regulatory or epigenetic functions. However, this distinction between protein coding and regulatory ability of transcripts may not be that strict. Here, we review the increasing body of evidence for the existence of multifunctional RNAs that have both protein-coding and trans-regulatory roles. Moreover, we demonstrate that coding transcripts bind to components of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2) with similar affinities as non-coding transcripts, revealing potential epigenetic regulation by mRNAs. We hypothesize that studies on the regulatory ability of disease-associated mRNAs will form an important new field of research.
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Mizrahi T, Heller J, Goldenberg S, Arad Z. The heat shock response in congeneric land snails (Sphincterochila) from different habitats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:639-45. [PMID: 22535471 PMCID: PMC3535165 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Land snails are subject to daily and seasonal variations in temperature and in water availability, and use heat shock proteins (HSPs) as part of their survival strategy. We used experimental heat stress to test whether adaptation to different habitats affects HSP expression in two closely related Sphincterochila snail species, a desert species, Sphincterochila zonata, and a Mediterranean-type species, Sphincterochila cariosa. Our findings show that in S. cariosa, heat stress caused rapid induction of Hsp70 proteins and Hsp90 in the foot and kidney tissues, whereas the desert-inhabiting species S. zonata displayed delayed induction of Hsp70 proteins in the foot and upregulation of Hsp90 alone in the kidney. Our study suggests that Sphincterochila species use HSPs as part of their survival strategy following heat stress and that adaptation to different habitats results in the development of distinct strategies of HSP expression in response to heat, namely the reduced induction of HSPs in the desert-dwelling species. We suggest that the desert species S. zonata relies on mechanisms and adaptations other than HSP induction, thus avoiding the fitness consequences of continuous HSP upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Mizrahi
- />Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa, 32000 Israel
| | - Joseph Heller
- />Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
| | | | - Zeev Arad
- />Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa, 32000 Israel
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Xu YM, Huang DY, Chiu JF, Lau ATY. Post-translational modification of human heat shock factors and their functions: a recent update by proteomic approach. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2625-34. [PMID: 22494029 DOI: 10.1021/pr201151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock factors (HSFs) are vital for modulating stress and heat shock-related gene expression in cells. The activity of HSFs is controlled largely by post-translational modifications (PTMs). For example, basal phosphorylation of HSF1 on three serine sites suppresses the heat shock response, and hyperphosphorylation of HSF1 on several other serine and threonine sites by stress-activated kinases results in its activation, while acetylation on K80 inhibits its DNA-binding ability. Sumoylation of HSF2 on K82 regulates its DNA-binding ability, whereas sumoylation of HSF4B on K293 represses its transcriptional activity. With the advancement of proteomic technology, novel PTM sites on various HSFs have been identified with the use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), but the functions of many of these PTMs are still unclear. Yet, it should be noted that the discovery of these novel PTM sites provided the necessary evidence for the existence of these PTM marks in vivo. Followed by subsequent functional analysis, this would ultimately lead to a better understanding of these PTM marks. MS/MS-based proteomic approach is becoming a gold standard in PTM validation in the field of life science. Here, the recent literature of all known PTMs reported on human HSFs and the resulting functions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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44
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Tanaka M, Shiota M, Okada S, Harada A, Odawara J, Mun S, Iwao H, Ohkawa Y. Generation of a rat monoclonal antibody specific for hsp72. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 30:397-400. [PMID: 21851242 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family members function as ATP-dependent molecular chaperones that assist in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides and in the refolding of misfolded/aggregated proteins. These heat shock proteins comprise at least eight sets of molecular groups that share high homology, but differ from each other in their expression level and subcellular localization. Hsp72, which is also known as Hsp70 and Hsp70-1, is localized mainly in the cytoplasm but is also found in the nucleus. Stress-induced Hsp72 functions as a chaperone enabling the cells to cope with harmful aggregations of denatured proteins during and following stress. The difference in the function of Hsp72 from that of other Hsp70 members, however, remains unclear. We report the establishment of a monoclonal antibody specific for Hsp72 using the rat medial iliac lymph node method. Immunoblot analysis revealed that our monoclonal antibody against Hsp72 specifically identified the 65 kDa protein. Immunocytochemical staining also revealed that Hsp72 localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and aggregated in the nucleus in response to heat stress. This MAb against Hsp72 will allow for further studies to elucidate the mechanism by which Hsp72 is localized in the cell in response to stress stimuli, and aid in the identification of specific interacting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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45
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Miyagawa R, Mizuno R, Watanabe K, Ijiri K. Formation of tRNA granules in the nucleus of heat-induced human cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 418:149-55. [PMID: 22244871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The stress response, which can trigger various physiological phenomena, is important for living organisms. For instance, a number of stress-induced granules such as P-body and stress granule have been identified. These granules are formed in the cytoplasm under stress conditions and are associated with translational inhibition and mRNA decay. In the nucleus, there is a focus named nuclear stress body (nSB) that distinguishes these structures from cytoplasmic stress granules. Many splicing factors and long non-coding RNA species localize in nSBs as a result of stress. Indeed, tRNAs respond to several kinds of stress such as heat, oxidation or starvation. Although nuclear accumulation of tRNAs occurs in starved Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this phenomenon is not found in mammalian cells. We observed that initiator tRNA(Met) (Meti) is actively translocated into the nucleus of human cells under heat stress. During this study, we identified unique granules of Meti that overlapped with nSBs. Similarly, elongator tRNA(Met) was translocated into the nucleus and formed granules during heat stress. Formation of tRNA granules is closely related to the translocation ratio. Then, all tRNAs may form the specific granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Miyagawa
- Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Silver JT, Noble EG. Regulation of survival gene hsp70. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:1-9. [PMID: 21874533 PMCID: PMC3227850 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid expression of the survival gene, inducible heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), is critical for mounting cytoprotection against severe cellular stress, like elevated temperature. Hsp70 protein chaperones the refolding of heat-denatured peptides to minimize proteolytic degradation as a part of an eukaryotically conserved phenomenon referred to as the heat shock response. The physiologic stress associated with exercise, which can include elevated temperature, mechanical damage, hypoxia, lowered pH, and reactive oxygen species generation, may promote protein unfolding, leading to hsp70 gene expression in skeletal myofibers. Although the pre-transcriptional activation of hsp70 gene expression has been thoroughly reviewed, discussion of downstream hsp70 gene regulation is less extensive. The purpose of this brief review was to examine all levels of hsp70 gene regulation in response to heat stress and exercise with a special focus on skeletal myofibers where data are available. In general, while heat stress represses bulk gene expression, hsp70 mRNA expression is enhanced. Post-transcriptionally, intronless hsp70 mRNA circumvents a host of decay pathways, as well as heat stress-repressed pre-mRNA splicing and nuclear export. Pre-translationally, hsp70 mRNA is excluded from stress granules and preferentially translated during heat stress-repressed global cap-dependent translation. Post-translationally, nascent Hsp70 protein is thermodynamically stable at elevated temperatures, allowing for the commencement of chaperoning activity early after synthesis to attenuate the heat shock response and protect against subsequent injury. This review demonstrates that hsp70 mRNA expression is closely coupled with functional protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Thomas Silver
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 3K7
| | - Earl G. Noble
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 3K7
- Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 3K7
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Hadley KC, Borrelli MJ, Lepock JR, McLaurin J, Croul SE, Guha A, Chakrabartty A. Multiphoton ANS fluorescence microscopy as an in vivo sensor for protein misfolding stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:549-61. [PMID: 21484286 PMCID: PMC3156256 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability of cells to maintain protein folding homeostasis is implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, malignant transformation, and aging. We find that multiphoton fluorescence imaging of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) can be used to assess cellular responses to protein misfolding stresses. ANS is relatively nontoxic and enters live cells and cells or tissues fixed in formalin. In an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, ANS fluorescence imaging of brain tissue sections reveals the binding of ANS to fibrillar deposits of amyloid peptide (Aβ) in amyloid plaques and in cerebrovascular amyloid. ANS imaging also highlights non-amyloid deposits of glial fibrillary acidic protein in brain tumors. Cultured cells under normal growth conditions possess a number of ANS-binding structures. High levels of ANS fluorescence are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, and lysosomes-regions of protein folding and degradation. Nuclei are virtually devoid of ANS binding sites. Additional ANS binding is triggered by hyperthermia, thermal lesioning, proteasome inhibition, and induction of ER stress. We also use multiphoton imaging of ANS binding to follow the in vivo recovery of cells from protein-damaging insults over time. We find that ANS fluorescence tracks with the binding of the molecular chaperone Hsp70 in compartments where Hsp70 is present. ANS highlights the sensitivity of specific cellular targets, including the nucleus and particularly the nucleolus, to thermal stress and proteasome inhibition. Multiphoton imaging of ANS binding should be a useful probe for monitoring protein misfolding stress in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Hadley
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto. Ontario Cancer Institute, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Michael J. Borrelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - James R. Lepock
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto. Ontario Cancer Institute, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 6 Queen’s Park Cres. W., Toronto, ON M5S 3H2 Canada
| | - Sidney E. Croul
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, UHN Path 11E426 Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Abhijit Guha
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Centre, Hospital for Sick Children’s Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Avijit Chakrabartty
- Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Toronto Medical Discovery Tower 4-307, MaRS Center 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
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48
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Shinkawa T, Tan K, Fujimoto M, Hayashida N, Yamamoto K, Takaki E, Takii R, Prakasam R, Inouye S, Mezger V, Nakai A. Heat shock factor 2 is required for maintaining proteostasis against febrile-range thermal stress and polyglutamine aggregation. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:3571-83. [PMID: 21813737 PMCID: PMC3183013 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-04-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HSF2 regulates proteostasis capacity against febrile-range thermal stress, which provides temperature-dependent mechanisms of cellular adaptation to thermal stress. Furthermore, HSF2 has a strong impact on disease progression of Huntington's disease R6/2 mice, suggesting that it could be a promising therapeutic target for protein misfolding diseases. Heat shock response is characterized by the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which facilitate protein folding, and non-HSP proteins with diverse functions, including protein degradation, and is regulated by heat shock factors (HSFs). HSF1 is a master regulator of HSP expression during heat shock in mammals, as is HSF3 in avians. HSF2 plays roles in development of the brain and reproductive organs. However, the fundamental roles of HSF2 in vertebrate cells have not been identified. Here we find that vertebrate HSF2 is activated during heat shock in the physiological range. HSF2 deficiency reduces threshold for chicken HSF3 or mouse HSF1 activation, resulting in increased HSP expression during mild heat shock. HSF2-null cells are more sensitive to sustained mild heat shock than wild-type cells, associated with the accumulation of ubiquitylated misfolded proteins. Furthermore, loss of HSF2 function increases the accumulation of aggregated polyglutamine protein and shortens the lifespan of R6/2 Huntington's disease mice, partly through αB-crystallin expression. These results identify HSF2 as a major regulator of proteostasis capacity against febrile-range thermal stress and suggest that HSF2 could be a promising therapeutic target for protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyohide Shinkawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
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Liu F, Xu ZL, Qian XJ, Qiu WY, Huang H. Expression of Hsf1, Hsf2, and Phlda1 in cells undergoing cryptorchid-induced apoptosis in rat testes. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:283-91. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Park JH, Sihn CR, Lee YS, Lee SJ, Kim SH. Depletion of Neuroguidin/CANu1 sensitizes human osteosarcoma U2OS cells to doxorubicin. BMB Rep 2011; 44:46-51. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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