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Di Filippo ES, Chiappalupi S, Falone S, Dolo V, Amicarelli F, Marchianò S, Carino A, Mascetti G, Valentini G, Piccirillo S, Balsamo M, Vukich M, Fiorucci S, Sorci G, Fulle S. The MyoGravity project to study real microgravity effects on human muscle precursor cells and tissue. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:92. [PMID: 39362881 PMCID: PMC11450100 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microgravity (µG) experienced during space flights promotes adaptation in several astronauts' organs and tissues, with skeletal muscles being the most affected. In response to reduced gravitational loading, muscles (especially, lower limb and antigravity muscles) undergo progressive mass loss and alteration in metabolism, myofiber size, and composition. Skeletal muscle precursor cells (MPCs), also known as satellite cells, are responsible for the growth and maintenance of muscle mass in adult life as well as for muscle regeneration following damage and may have a major role in µG-induced muscle wasting. Despite the great relevance for astronaut health, very few data are available about the effects of real µG on human muscles. Based on the MyoGravity project, this study aimed to analyze: (i) the cellular and transcriptional alterations induced by real µG in human MPCs (huMPCs) and (ii) the response of human skeletal muscle to normal gravitational loading after prolonged exposure to µG. We evaluated the transcriptomic changes induced by µG on board the International Space Station (ISS) in differentiating huMPCs isolated from Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of a pre-flight astronaut and an age- and sex-matched volunteer, in comparison with the same cells cultured on the ground in standard gravity (1×g) conditions. We found that huMPCs differentiated under real µG conditions showed: (i) upregulation of genes related to cell adhesion, plasma membrane components, and ion transport; (ii) strong downregulation of genes related to the muscle contraction machinery and sarcomere organization; and (iii) downregulation of muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs). Moreover, we had the unique opportunity to analyze huMPCs and skeletal muscle tissue of the same astronaut before and 30 h after a long-duration space flight on board the ISS. Prolonged exposure to real µG strongly affected the biology and functionality of the astronaut's satellite cells, which showed a dramatic reduction of responsiveness to activating stimuli and proliferation rate, morphological changes, and almost inability to fuse into myotubes. RNA-Seq analysis of post- vs. pre-flight muscle tissue showed that genes involved in muscle structure and remodeling are promptly activated after landing following a long-duration space mission. Conversely, genes involved in the myelination process or synapse and neuromuscular junction organization appeared downregulated. Although we have investigated only one astronaut, these results point to a prompt readaptation of the skeletal muscle mechanical components to the normal gravitational loading, but the inability to rapidly recover the physiological muscle myelination/innervation pattern after landing from a long-duration space flight. Together with the persistent functional deficit observed in the astronaut's satellite cells after prolonged exposure to real µG, these results lead us to hypothesize that a condition of inefficient regeneration is likely to occur in the muscles of post-flight astronauts following damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Sara Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Department Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB), 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Carino
- Department Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michele Balsamo
- Kayser Italia S.r.l, Via di Popogna, 501, 57128, Livorno, Italy
| | - Marco Vukich
- European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200, AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Department Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB), 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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Ganjayi MS, Frank SW, Krauss TA, York ML, Bloch RJ, Baumann CW. Skeletal muscle adaptations following eccentric contractions are not mediated by keratin 18. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:903-909. [PMID: 39169838 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00496.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that drive muscle adaptations after eccentric exercise training are multifaceted and likely impacted by age. Previous studies have reported that many genes and proteins respond differently in young and older muscles following training. Keratin 18 (Krt18), a cytoskeletal protein involved in force transduction and organization, was found to be upregulated after muscles performed repeated bouts of eccentric contractions, with higher levels observed in young muscle compared with older muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if Krt18 mediates skeletal muscle adaptations following eccentric exercise training. The anterior crural muscles of Krt18 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to either a single bout or repeated bouts of eccentric contractions, with isometric torque assessed across the initial and final bouts. Functionally, Krt18 KO and WT mice did not differ prior to performing any eccentric contractions (P ≥ 0.100). Muscle strength (tetanic isometric torques) and the ability to adapt to eccentric exercise training were also consistent across strains at all time points (P ≥ 0.169). Stated differently, immediate strength deficits and the recovery of strength following a single bout or multiple bouts of eccentric contractions were similar between Krt18 KO and WT mice. In summary, the absence of Krt18 does not impede the muscle's ability to adapt to repeated eccentric contractions, suggesting it is not essential for exercise-induced remodeling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The molecular processes that underlie the changes in skeletal muscle following eccentric exercise training are complex and involve multiple factors. Our findings indicate that Krt18 may not play a significant role in muscle adaptations following eccentric exercise training, likely due to its low expression in skeletal muscle. These results underscore the complexity of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to muscle plasticity and highlight the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muni Swamy Ganjayi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Samuel W Frank
- Department of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Thomas A Krauss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Michael L York
- School of Applied Health Science and Wellness, Division of Exercise Physiology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Cory W Baumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
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Estevam DD, Souza JM, Rey FSB, Martins CL, Stafuzza NB, Espigolan R, Millen DD, Arrigoni MDB. Identification of genomic regions and pathways associated with traits related to rumen acidosis in feedlot Nellore cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:491-506. [PMID: 38375946 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
There may be an increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as rumen acidosis, in cattle fed high-concentrate diets, particularly those from Bos taurus indicus genotypes, which have shown to be more sensitive to ruminal acidification. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate (co)variance components and identify genomic regions and pathways associated with ruminal acidosis in feedlot Nellore cattle fed high-concentrate diets. It was utilized a dataset containing a total of 642 Nellore bulls that were genotyped from seven feedlot nutrition studies. The GGP Indicus 35k panel was used with the single step genome-wide association study methodology in which the effects of the markers were obtained from the genomic values estimated by the GBLUP model. A bivariate model to estimate genetic correlations between the economically important traits and indicator traits for acidosis was used. The traits evaluated in this study that were nutritionally related to rumen acidosis included average daily gain (ADG), final body weight, time spent eating (TSE), time spent ruminating, rumenitis score (RUM), rumen absorptive surface area (ASA), rumen keratinized layer thickness (KER) and hot carcass weight (HCW). The identified candidate genes were mainly involved in the negative or non-regulation of the apoptotic process, salivary secretion, and transmembrane transport. The genetic correlation between HCW and ASA was low positive (0.27 ± 0.23), and between ADG and ASA was high moderate (0.58 ± 0.59). A positive genetic correlation between RUM and all performance traits was observed, and TSE correlated negatively with HCW (-0.33 ± 0.21), ASA (-0.75 ± 0.48), and KER (-0.40 ± 0.27). The genetic association between economically important traits and indicator traits for acidosis suggested that Nellore cattle may be more sensitive to acidosis in feedlot systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Estevam
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johnny M Souza
- Department of Animal Science, College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando S B Rey
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cyntia L Martins
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nedenia B Stafuzza
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Institute (IZ), São Paulo's Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Espigolan
- Department of Animal Science and Biological Sciences (DZCB), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Palmeira das Missões, Brazil
| | - Danilo D Millen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario D B Arrigoni
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baumann CW, Deane CS, Etheridge T, Szewczyk NJ, Willis CRG, Lowe DA. Adaptability to eccentric exercise training is diminished with age in female mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1135-1145. [PMID: 37823203 PMCID: PMC10979833 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00428.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of skeletal muscle to adapt to eccentric contractions has been suggested to be blunted in older muscle. If eccentric exercise is to be a safe and efficient training mode for older adults, preclinical studies need to establish if older muscle can effectively adapt and if not, determine the molecular signatures that are causing this impairment. The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent age impacts functional adaptations of muscle and identify genetic signatures associated with adaptation (or lack thereof). The anterior crural muscles of young (4 mo) and older (28 mo) female mice performed repeated bouts of eccentric contractions in vivo (50 contractions/wk for 5 wk) and isometric torque was measured across the initial and final bouts. Transcriptomics was completed by RNA-sequencing 1 wk following the fifth bout to identify common and differentially regulated genes. When torques post eccentric contractions were compared after the first and fifth bouts, young muscle exhibited a robust ability to adapt, increasing isometric torque 20%-36%, whereas isometric torque of older muscle decreased up to 18% (P ≤ 0.047). Using differential gene expression, young and older muscles shared some common transcriptional changes in response to eccentric exercise training, whereas other transcripts appeared to be age dependent. That is, the ability to express particular genes after repeated bouts of eccentric contractions was not the same between ages. These molecular signatures may reveal, in part, why older muscles do not appear to be as adaptive to exercise training as young muscles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The ability to adapt to exercise training may help prevent and combat sarcopenia. Here, we demonstrate young mouse muscles get stronger whereas older mouse muscles become weaker after repeated bouts of eccentric contractions, and that numerous genes were differentially expressed between age groups following training. These results highlight that molecular and functional plasticity is not fixed in skeletal muscle with advancing age, and the ability to handle or cope with physical stress may be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory W Baumann
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Colleen S Deane
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Development & Health, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
| | - Craig R G Willis
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Grogan A, Huang W, Brong A, Kane MA, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Alterations in cytoskeletal and Ca 2+ cycling regulators in atria lacking the obscurin Ig58/59 module. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1085840. [PMID: 37304957 PMCID: PMC10251194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1085840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obscurin (720-870 kDa) is a giant cytoskeletal and signaling protein that possesses both structural and regulatory functions in striated muscles. Immunoglobulin domains 58/59 (Ig58/59) of obscurin bind to a diverse set of proteins that are essential for the proper structure and function of the heart, including giant titin, novex-3, and phospholamban (PLN). Importantly, the pathophysiological significance of the Ig58/59 module has been further underscored by the discovery of several mutations within Ig58/59 that are linked to various forms of myopathy in humans. We previously generated a constitutive deletion mouse model, Obscn-ΔIg58/59, that expresses obscurin lacking Ig58/59, and characterized the effects of this deletion on cardiac morphology and function through aging. Our findings demonstrated that Obscn-ΔIg58/59 male animals develop severe arrhythmia, primarily manifesting as episodes of junctional escape and spontaneous loss of regular p-waves, reminiscent of human atrial fibrillation, accompanied by significant atrial enlargement that progresses in severity with aging. Methods and Results To comprehensively characterize the molecular alterations responsible for these pathologies, we performed proteomic and phospho-proteomic analyses in aging Obscn-ΔIg58/59 atria. Our studies revealed extensive and novel alterations in the expression and phosphorylation profile of major cytoskeletal proteins, Ca2+ regulators, and Z-disk associated protein complexes in the Obscn-ΔIg58/59 atria through aging. Discussion These studies implicate obscurin, particularly the Ig58/59 module, as an essential regulator of the Z-disk associated cytoskeleton and Ca2+ cycling in the atria and provide new molecular insights into the development of atrial fibrillation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Annie Brong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Nitin S, Srinivasa R. B, Monica MS, Thyago H. C. Incursions by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 on the host anti-viral immunity during mild, moderate, and severe coronavirus disease 2019 disease. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the human host can lead to various clinical manifestations, from symptomless carriers to mild to moderate to severe/critical illness. Therefore, the clinical classification of SARS-CoV-2 disease, based on severity, is a reliable way to predict disease states in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recent studies on genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and immunogenomics, along with spatial analysis of immune cells have delineated and defined the categorization of these disease groups using these high throughout technologies. These technologies hold the promise of providing not only a detailed but a holistic view of SARS-CoV-2-led pathogenesis. The main genomic, cellular, and immunologic features of each disease category, and what separates them spatially and molecularly are discussed in this brief review to provide a foundational spatial understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saksena Nitin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray Campus, Melbourne VIC. 3011, Australia; Aegros Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Macquarie Park, Sydney 2019, Australia
| | - Bonam Srinivasa R.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Miranda-Saksena Monica
- Westmead Institute of Medical Research (WIMR), Herpes Virus Laboratory, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Cardoso Thyago H.
- OMICS Centre of Excellence, G42 Healthcare, Mazdar City, Abu Dhabi 3079, United Arab Emirates
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Li R, Wang TY, Shelp-Peck E, Wu SP, DeMayo FJ. The single-cell atlas of cultured human endometrial stromal cells. F&S SCIENCE 2022; 3:349-366. [PMID: 36089208 PMCID: PMC9669198 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the cell composition and transcriptome of primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and transformed human endometrial stromal cells (THESCs). DESIGN The primary HESCs from 3 different donors and 1 immortalized THESC were collected from the human endometrium at the midsecretory phase and cultured in vitro. SETTING Academic research laboratory. PATIENT(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis. RESULT(S) We found the individual differences among the primary HESCs and bigger changes between the primary HESCs and THESCs. Cell clustering with or without integration identified cell clusters belonging to mature, proliferative, and active fibroblasts that were conserved across all samples at different stages of the cell cycles with intensive cell communication signals. All primary HESCs and THESCs can be correlated with some subpopulations of fibroblasts in the human endometrium. CONCLUSION(S) Our study indicated that the primary HESCs and THESCs displayed conserved cell characters and distinct cell clusters. Mature, proliferative, and active fibroblasts at different stages or cell cycles were detected across all samples and presented with a complex cell communication network. The cultured HESCs and THESCs retained the features of some subpopulations within the human endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tian-Yuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elinor Shelp-Peck
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina; The Biological Sciences Department, The Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Geosciences, Meredith College, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina.
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In-cell structures of conserved supramolecular protein arrays at the mitochondria-cytoskeleton interface in mammalian sperm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110996118. [PMID: 34737233 PMCID: PMC8609336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110996118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial organization of mitochondria is vital for cellular function. In many specialized cell types, mitochondria are immobilized at specific subcellular loci through interactions with the cytoskeleton. One of the most striking mitochondrial configurations occurs in mammalian sperm, where mitochondria wrap around the flagellum. Malformation of the mitochondrial sheath causes infertility, but the molecular structures underlying this intricate arrangement are unknown. Here, we analyzed the mitochondrial sheath in sperm from three mammalian species. We find that although mitochondrial dimensions and cristae architecture vary across species, molecular assemblies mediating intermitochondria and mitochondria–cytoskeleton interactions are conserved. These findings yield important insight into sperm physiology and evolution and are relevant for other polarized cell types, such as muscles, neurons, photoreceptors, and hair cells. Mitochondria–cytoskeleton interactions modulate cellular physiology by regulating mitochondrial transport, positioning, and immobilization. However, there is very little structural information defining mitochondria–cytoskeleton interfaces in any cell type. Here, we use cryofocused ion beam milling-enabled cryoelectron tomography to image mammalian sperm, where mitochondria wrap around the flagellar cytoskeleton. We find that mitochondria are tethered to their neighbors through intermitochondrial linkers and are anchored to the cytoskeleton through ordered arrays on the outer mitochondrial membrane. We use subtomogram averaging to resolve in-cell structures of these arrays from three mammalian species, revealing they are conserved across species despite variations in mitochondrial dimensions and cristae organization. We find that the arrays consist of boat-shaped particles anchored on a network of membrane pores whose arrangement and dimensions are consistent with voltage-dependent anion channels. Proteomics and in-cell cross-linking mass spectrometry suggest that the conserved arrays are composed of glycerol kinase-like proteins. Ordered supramolecular assemblies may serve to stabilize similar contact sites in other cell types in which mitochondria need to be immobilized in specific subcellular environments, such as in muscles and neurons.
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Sharma P, Tiufekchiev S, Lising V, Chung SW, Suk JS, Chung BM. Keratin 19 interacts with GSK3β to regulate its nuclear accumulation and degradation of cyclin D3. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar21. [PMID: 34406791 PMCID: PMC8693971 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D3 regulates the G1/S transition and is frequently overexpressed in several cancer types including breast cancer, where it promotes tumor progression. Here we show that a cytoskeletal protein keratin 19 (K19) physically interacts with a serine/threonine kinase GSK3β and prevents GSK3β-dependent degradation of cyclin D3. The absence of K19 allowed active GSK3β to accumulate in the nucleus and degrade cyclin D3. Specifically, the head (H) domain of K19 was required to sustain inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β Ser9, prevent nuclear accumulation of GSK3β, and maintain cyclin D3 levels and cell proliferation. K19 was found to interact with GSK3β and K19–GSK3β interaction was mapped out to require Ser10 and Ser35 residues on the H domain of K19. Unlike wildtype K19, S10A and S35A mutants failed to maintain total and nuclear cyclin D3 levels and induce cell proliferation. Finally, we show that the K19–GSK3β-cyclin D3 pathway affected sensitivity of cells toward inhibitors to cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6). Overall, these findings establish a role for K19 in the regulation of GSK3β-cyclin D3 pathway and demonstrate a potential strategy for overcoming resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Sarah Tiufekchiev
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Victoria Lising
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Seung Woo Chung
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231
| | - Byung Min Chung
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
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Garcia-Pelagio KP, Bloch RJ. Biomechanical Properties of the Sarcolemma and Costameres of Skeletal Muscle Lacking Desmin. Front Physiol 2021; 12:706806. [PMID: 34489727 PMCID: PMC8416993 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.706806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs), composed primarily by desmin and keratins, link the myofibrils to each other, to intracellular organelles, and to the sarcolemma. There they may play an important role in transfer of contractile force from the Z-disks and M-lines of neighboring myofibrils to costameres at the membrane, across the membrane to the extracellular matrix, and ultimately to the tendon (“lateral force transmission”). We measured the elasticity of the sarcolemma and the connections it makes at costameres with the underlying contractile apparatus of individual fast twitch muscle fibers of desmin-null mice. By positioning a suction pipet to the surface of the sarcolemma and applying increasing pressure, we determined the pressure at which the sarcolemma separated from nearby sarcomeres, Pseparation, and the pressure at which the isolated sarcolemma burst, Pbursting. We also examined the time required for the intact sarcolemma-costamere-sarcomere complex to reach equilibrium at lower pressures. All measurements showed the desmin-null fibers to have slower equilibrium times and lower Pseparation and Pbursting than controls, suggesting that the sarcolemma and its costameric links to nearby contractile structures were weaker in the absence of desmin. Comparisons to earlier values determined for muscles lacking dystrophin or synemin suggest that the desmin-null phenotype is more stable than the former and less stable than the latter. Our results are consistent with the moderate myopathy seen in desmin-null muscles and support the idea that desmin contributes significantly to sarcolemmal stability and lateral force transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P Garcia-Pelagio
- Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Sadler KJ, Gatta PAD, Naim T, Wallace MA, Lee A, Zaw T, Lindsay A, Chung RS, Bello L, Pegoraro E, Lamon S, Lynch GS, Russell AP. Striated muscle activator of Rho signalling (STARS) overexpression in the mdx mouse enhances muscle functional capacity and regulates the actin cytoskeleton and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1597-1611. [PMID: 33963617 DOI: 10.1113/ep089253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Striated muscle activator of rho signalling (STARS) is an actin-binding protein that regulates transcriptional pathways controlling muscle function, growth and myogenesis, processes that are impaired in dystrophic muscle: what is the regulation of the STARS pathway in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)? What is the main finding and its importance? Members of the STARS signalling pathway are reduced in the quadriceps of patients with DMD and in mouse models of muscular dystrophy. Overexpression of STARS in the dystrophic deficient mdx mouse model increased maximal isometric specific force and upregulated members of the actin cytoskeleton and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Regulating STARS may be a therapeutic approach to enhance muscle health. ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterised by impaired cytoskeleton organisation, cytosolic calcium handling, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This results in progressive muscle damage, wasting and weakness and premature death. The striated muscle activator of rho signalling (STARS) is an actin-binding protein that activates the myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTFA)/serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional pathway, a pathway regulating cytoskeletal structure and muscle function, growth and repair. We investigated the regulation of the STARS pathway in the quadriceps muscle from patients with DMD and in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle from the dystrophin-deficient mdx and dko (utrophin and dystrophin null) mice. Protein levels of STARS, SRF and RHOA were reduced in patients with DMD. STARS, SRF and MRTFA mRNA levels were also decreased in DMD muscle, while Stars mRNA levels were decreased in the mdx mice and Srf and Mrtfa mRNAs decreased in the dko mice. Overexpressing human STARS (hSTARS) in the TA muscles of mdx mice increased maximal isometric specific force by 13% (P < 0.05). This was not associated with changes in muscle mass, fibre cross-sectional area, fibre type, centralised nuclei or collagen deposition. Proteomics screening followed by pathway enrichment analysis identified that hSTARS overexpression resulted in 31 upregulated and 22 downregulated proteins belonging to the actin cytoskeleton and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. These pathways are impaired in dystrophic muscle and regulate processes that are vital for muscle function. Increasing the STARS protein in dystrophic muscle improves muscle force production, potentially via synergistic regulation of cytoskeletal structure and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Sadler
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timur Naim
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marita A Wallace
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thiri Zaw
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, ERN Neuromuscular Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, ERN Neuromuscular Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Shah M, Chacko LA, Joseph JP, Ananthanarayanan V. Mitochondrial dynamics, positioning and function mediated by cytoskeletal interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3969-3986. [PMID: 33576841 PMCID: PMC11071877 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a mitochondrion to undergo fission and fusion, and to be transported and localized within a cell are central not just to proper functioning of mitochondria, but also to that of the cell. The cytoskeletal filaments, namely microtubules, F-actin and intermediate filaments, have emerged as prime movers in these dynamic mitochondrial shape and position transitions. In this review, we explore the complex relationship between the cytoskeleton and the mitochondrion, by delving into: (i) how the cytoskeleton helps shape mitochondria via fission and fusion events, (ii) how the cytoskeleton facilitates the translocation and anchoring of mitochondria with the activity of motor proteins, and (iii) how these changes in form and position of mitochondria translate into functioning of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Shah
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Leeba Ann Chacko
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Joel P Joseph
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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13
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Liu JX, Pedrosa Domellöf F. Cytoskeletal Proteins in Myotendinous Junctions of Human Extraocular Muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:19. [PMID: 33595614 PMCID: PMC7900863 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytoskeletal composition of myotendinous junctions (MTJs) in the human extraocular muscles (EOMs). Desmin and other major cytoskeletal proteins are enriched at the MTJs of ordinary myofibers, where they are proposed to be of particular importance for force transmission and required to maintain myofiber integrity. Methods EOM and limb muscle samples were analyzed with immunohistochemistry using antibodies against the intermediate filament proteins desmin, nestin, keratin 19, vimentin, and different myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. MTJs were identified by labeling with antibodies against laminin or tenascin. Results In contrast to MTJs in lumbrical muscle where desmin, nestin, and keratin 19 were always present, approximately one-third of the MTJs in the EOMs lacked either desmin and/or nestin, and all MTJs lacked keratin 19. Approximately 6% of the MTJs in the EOMs lacked all of these key cytoskeletal proteins. Conclusions The cytoskeletal protein composition of MTJs in human EOMs differed significantly from that of MTJs in limb muscles. These differences in cytoskeletal protein composition may indicate particular adaptation to meet the functional requirements of the EOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xia Liu
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fatima Pedrosa Domellöf
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Yuan X, Yi M, Dong B, Chu Q, Wu K. Prognostic significance of KRT19 in Lung Squamous Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:1240-1248. [PMID: 33442422 PMCID: PMC7797641 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud: Keratin 19 (KRT19) is the intermediate filament that constitutes the cytoskeleton and regulates cell-cycle and cell death. Objective: We aimed to assess whether KRT19 was involved in lung cancer development. Methods: The expression of KRT19 in lung cancer was evaluated from mRNA expression on open databse and protein abundance on tumor tissue array. Results: Using open microarray gene expression datasets and differential expression analysis, we found that KRT19 was upregulated in lung cancer compared with normal tissue. Further analysis suggested that KRT19 mRNA expression was correlated with tumor progression and overall survival in lung cancer patients. As KRT19 was overexpressed in adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we examined the prognostic value of KRT19 protein abundance by tissue microarray (TMA). The results suggested that protein expression of KRT19 was significantly associated with overall survival of SCC. Conclusions: Giving the prognostic role of KRT19 in lung cancer, KRT19 could be considered as an potential molecular marker in lung cancer, especially in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China.,Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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15
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Sjöqvist M, Antfolk D, Suarez-Rodriguez F, Sahlgren C. From structural resilience to cell specification - Intermediate filaments as regulators of cell fate. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21182. [PMID: 33205514 PMCID: PMC7839487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001627r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades intermediate filaments (IFs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular signaling events, ascribing IFs with functions beyond the structural support they provide. The organ and developmental stage‐specific expression of IFs regulate cell differentiation within developing or remodeling tissues. Lack of IFs causes perturbed stem cell differentiation in vasculature, intestine, nervous system, and mammary gland, in transgenic mouse models. The aberrant cell fate decisions are caused by deregulation of different stem cell signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, YAP/TAZ, and TGFβ. Mutations in genes coding for IFs cause an array of different diseases, many related to stem cell dysfunction, but the molecular mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of how IFs interact with and regulate the activity, localization and function of different signaling proteins in stem cells, and how the assembly state and PTM profile of IFs may affect these processes. Identifying when, where and how IFs and cell signaling congregate, will expand our understanding of IF‐linked stem cell dysfunction during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Sjöqvist
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Freddy Suarez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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16
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Kourelis TV, Dasari SS, Dispenzieri A, Maleszewski JJ, Redfield MM, Fayyaz AU, Grogan M, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Abou Ezzeddine OF, McPhail ED. A Proteomic Atlas of Cardiac Amyloid Plaques. JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY 2020; 2:632-643. [PMID: 33511353 PMCID: PMC7839979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background In vivo mechanisms of amyloid clearance and cardiac tissue damage in cardiac amyloidosis are not well understood. Objectives We aimed to define and quantify the amyloid plaque proteome in cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) and light chain amyloidosis (AL) and identify associations with patient characteristics and outcomes. Methods A proteomics approach was used to identify all proteins in cardiac amyloid plaques, and to compare both normal and diseased controls. All proteins identified within amyloid plaques were defined as the expanded proteome; only proteins that were enriched in comparison to normal and disease controls were defined as the amyloid-specific proteome. Results Proteomic data from 292 patients with ATTR and 139 patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis were included; 160 and 161 unique proteins were identified in the expanded proteomes, respectively. In the amyloid-specific proteomes, we identified 28 proteins in ATTR, 19 in AL amyloidosis, with 13 proteins overlapping between ATTR and AL. ATTR was characterized by a higher abundance of complement and contractile proteins and AL by a higher abundance of keratins. We found that the proteome of kappa AL had higher levels of clusterin, a protective chaperone, and lower levels of light chains than lambda despite higher levels of circulating light chains. Hierarchical clustering identified a group of patients with worse survival in ATTR, characterized by high levels of PIK3C3, a protein with a central role in autophagy. Conclusions Cardiac AL and ATTR have both common and distinct pathogenetic mechanisms of tissue damage. Our findings suggest that autophagy represents a pathway that may be impaired in ATTR and should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taxiarchis V Kourelis
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Surendra S Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angela Dispenzieri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ahmed U Fayyaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martha Grogan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marina Ramirez-Alvarado
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ellen D McPhail
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Su Y, Chen D, Yuan D, Lausted C, Choi J, Dai CL, Voillet V, Duvvuri VR, Scherler K, Troisch P, Baloni P, Qin G, Smith B, Kornilov SA, Rostomily C, Xu A, Li J, Dong S, Rothchild A, Zhou J, Murray K, Edmark R, Hong S, Heath JE, Earls J, Zhang R, Xie J, Li S, Roper R, Jones L, Zhou Y, Rowen L, Liu R, Mackay S, O'Mahony DS, Dale CR, Wallick JA, Algren HA, Zager MA, Wei W, Price ND, Huang S, Subramanian N, Wang K, Magis AT, Hadlock JJ, Hood L, Aderem A, Bluestone JA, Lanier LL, Greenberg PD, Gottardo R, Davis MM, Goldman JD, Heath JR. Multi-Omics Resolves a Sharp Disease-State Shift between Mild and Moderate COVID-19. Cell 2020; 183:1479-1495.e20. [PMID: 33171100 PMCID: PMC7598382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present an integrated analysis of the clinical measurements, immune cells, and plasma multi-omics of 139 COVID-19 patients representing all levels of disease severity, from serial blood draws collected during the first week of infection following diagnosis. We identify a major shift between mild and moderate disease, at which point elevated inflammatory signaling is accompanied by the loss of specific classes of metabolites and metabolic processes. Within this stressed plasma environment at moderate disease, multiple unusual immune cell phenotypes emerge and amplify with increasing disease severity. We condensed over 120,000 immune features into a single axis to capture how different immune cell classes coordinate in response to SARS-CoV-2. This immune-response axis independently aligns with the major plasma composition changes, with clinical metrics of blood clotting, and with the sharp transition between mild and moderate disease. This study suggests that moderate disease may provide the most effective setting for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Su
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Chen
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dan Yuan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | - Jongchan Choi
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Valentin Voillet
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, NPC (HCRISA), Cape Town 8001, South Africa; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Guangrong Qin
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brett Smith
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Xu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shen Dong
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alissa Rothchild
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Isoplexis Corporation, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Kim Murray
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rick Edmark
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sunga Hong
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John E Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John Earls
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rongyu Zhang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jingyi Xie
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sarah Li
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ryan Roper
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lesley Jones
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lee Rowen
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachel Liu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sean Mackay
- Isoplexis Corporation, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - D Shane O'Mahony
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Christopher R Dale
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Julie A Wallick
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Heather A Algren
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Michael A Zager
- Center for Data Visualization, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Wei Wei
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Naeha Subramanian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Heath, and Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason D Goldman
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA 98057, USA; Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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18
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Sun C, Choi IY, Gonzalez YIR, Andersen P, Talbot CC, Iyer SR, Lovering RM, Wagner KR, Lee G. Duchenne muscular dystrophy hiPSC-derived myoblast drug screen identifies compounds that ameliorate disease in mdx mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134287. [PMID: 32343677 PMCID: PMC7308059 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy. In the present study, when human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were differentiated into myoblasts, the myoblasts derived from DMD patient hiPSCs (DMD hiPSC-derived myoblasts) exhibited an identifiable DMD-relevant phenotype: myogenic fusion deficiency. Based on this model, we developed a DMD hiPSC-derived myoblast screening platform employing a high-content imaging (BD Pathway 855) approach to generate parameters describing morphological as well as myogenic marker protein expression. Following treatment of the cells with 1524 compounds from the Johns Hopkins Clinical Compound Library, compounds that enhanced myogenic fusion of DMD hiPSC-derived myoblasts were identified. The final hits were ginsenoside Rd and fenofibrate. Transcriptional profiling revealed that ginsenoside Rd is functionally related to FLT3 signaling, while fenofibrate is linked to TGF-β signaling. Preclinical tests in mdx mice showed that treatment with these 2 hit compounds can significantly ameliorate some of the skeletal muscle phenotypes caused by dystrophin deficiency, supporting their therapeutic potential. Further study revealed that fenofibrate could inhibit mitochondrion-induced apoptosis in DMD hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. We have developed a platform based on DMD hiPSC-derived myoblasts for drug screening and identified 2 promising small molecules with in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Sun
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yazmin I. Rovira Gonzalez
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, and
| | - Peter Andersen
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C. Conover Talbot
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Richard M. Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics and
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Wagner
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering
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19
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Neuromuscular Diseases Due to Chaperone Mutations: A Review and Some New Results. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041409. [PMID: 32093037 PMCID: PMC7073051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and the nervous system depend on efficient protein quality control, and they express chaperones and cochaperones at high levels to maintain protein homeostasis. Mutations in many of these proteins cause neuromuscular diseases, myopathies, and hereditary motor and sensorimotor neuropathies. In this review, we cover mutations in DNAJB6, DNAJB2, αB-crystallin (CRYAB, HSPB5), HSPB1, HSPB3, HSPB8, and BAG3, and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which they cause neuromuscular disease. In addition, previously unpublished results are presented, showing downstream effects of BAG3 p.P209L on DNAJB6 turnover and localization.
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20
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Muriel JM, O'Neill A, Kerr JP, Kleinhans-Welte E, Lovering RM, Bloch RJ. Keratin 18 is an integral part of the intermediate filament network in murine skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C215-C224. [PMID: 31721615 PMCID: PMC6985829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00279.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) contribute to force transmission, cellular integrity, and signaling in skeletal muscle. We previously identified keratin 19 (Krt19) as a muscle IF protein. We now report the presence of a second type I muscle keratin, Krt18. Krt18 mRNA levels are about half those for Krt19 and only 1:1,000th those for desmin; the protein was nevertheless detectable in immunoblots. Muscle function, measured by maximal isometric force in vivo, was moderately compromised in Krt18-knockout (Krt18-KO) or dominant-negative mutant mice (Krt18 DN), but structure was unaltered. Exogenous Krt18, introduced by electroporation, was localized in a reticulum around the contractile apparatus in wild-type muscle and to a lesser extent in muscle lacking Krt19 or desmin or both proteins. Exogenous Krt19, which was either reticular or aggregated in controls, became reticular more frequently in Krt19-null than in Krt18-null, desmin-null, or double-null muscles. Desmin was assembled into the reticulum normally in all genotypes. Notably, all three IF proteins appeared in overlapping reticular structures. We assessed the effect of Krt18 on susceptibility to injury in vivo by electroporating siRNA into tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of control and Krt19-KO mice and testing 2 wk later. Results showed a 33% strength deficit (reduction in maximal torque after injury) compared with siRNA-treated controls. Conversely, electroporation of siRNA to Krt19 into Krt18-null TA yielded a strength deficit of 18% after injury compared with controls. Our results suggest that Krt18 plays a complementary role to Krt19 in skeletal muscle in both assembling keratin-based filaments and transducing contractile force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin M Muriel
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea O'Neill
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jaclyn P Kerr
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily Kleinhans-Welte
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Keratin 19 regulates cell cycle pathway and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to CDK inhibitors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14650. [PMID: 31601969 PMCID: PMC6787034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin 19 (K19) belongs to the keratin family of proteins, which maintains structural integrity of epithelia. In cancer, K19 is highly expressed in several types where it serves as a diagnostic marker. Despite the positive correlation between higher expression of K19 in tumor and worse patient survival, the role of K19 in breast cancer remains unclear. Therefore, we ablated K19 expression in MCF7 breast cancer cells and found that K19 was required for cell proliferation. Transcriptome analyses of KRT19 knockout cells identified defects in cell cycle progression and levels of target genes of E2F1, a key transcriptional factor for the transition into S phase. Furthermore, proper levels of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins, including D-type cyclins critical for E2F1 activation, were dependent on K19 expression, and K19-cyclin D co-expression was observed in human breast cancer tissues. Importantly, K19 interacts with cyclin D3, and a loss of K19 resulted in decreased protein stability of cyclin D3 and sensitivity of cells towards CDK inhibitor-induced cell death. Overall, these findings reveal a novel function of K19 in the regulation of cell cycle program and suggest that K19 may be used to predict the efficacy of CDK inhibitors for treatments of breast cancer.
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22
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Klymkowsky MW. Filaments and phenotypes: cellular roles and orphan effects associated with mutations in cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31602295 PMCID: PMC6774051 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19950.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic intermediate filaments (IFs) surround the nucleus and are often anchored at membrane sites to form effectively transcellular networks. Mutations in IF proteins (IFps) have revealed mechanical roles in epidermis, muscle, liver, and neurons. At the same time, there have been phenotypic surprises, illustrated by the ability to generate viable and fertile mice null for a number of IFp-encoding genes, including vimentin. Yet in humans, the vimentin ( VIM) gene displays a high probability of intolerance to loss-of-function mutations, indicating an essential role. A number of subtle and not so subtle IF-associated phenotypes have been identified, often linked to mechanical or metabolic stresses, some of which have been found to be ameliorated by the over-expression of molecular chaperones, suggesting that such phenotypes arise from what might be termed "orphan" effects as opposed to the absence of the IF network per se, an idea originally suggested by Toivola et al. and Pekny and Lane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Klymkowsky
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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23
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de Pablo Y, Marasek P, Pozo-Rodrigálvarez A, Wilhelmsson U, Inagaki M, Pekna M, Pekny M. Vimentin Phosphorylation Is Required for Normal Cell Division of Immature Astrocytes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091016. [PMID: 31480524 PMCID: PMC6769829 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin (VIM) is an intermediate filament (nanofilament) protein expressed in multiple cell types, including astrocytes. Mice with VIM mutations of serine sites phosphorylated during mitosis (VIMSA/SA) show cytokinetic failure in fibroblasts and lens epithelial cells, chromosomal instability, facilitated cell senescence, and increased neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Here we report that in vitro immature VIMSA/SA astrocytes exhibit cytokinetic failure and contain vimentin accumulations that co-localize with mitochondria. This phenotype is transient and disappears with VIMSA/SA astrocyte maturation and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); it is also alleviated by the inhibition of cell proliferation. To test the hypothesis that GFAP compensates for the effect of VIMSA/SA in astrocytes, we crossed the VIMSA/SA and GFAP−/− mice. Surprisingly, the fraction of VIMSA/SA immature astrocytes with abundant vimentin accumulations was reduced when on GFAP−/− background. This indicates that the disappearance of vimentin accumulations and cytokinetic failure in mature astrocyte cultures are independent of GFAP expression. Both VIMSA/SA and VIMSA/SAGFAP−/− astrocytes showed normal mitochondrial membrane potential and vulnerability to H2O2, oxygen/glucose deprivation, and chemical ischemia. Thus, mutation of mitotic phosphorylation sites in vimentin triggers formation of vimentin accumulations and cytokinetic failure in immature astrocytes without altering their vulnerability to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda de Pablo
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pavel Marasek
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Pozo-Rodrigálvarez
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Wilhelmsson
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 5148507, Japan
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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24
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Bhat SS, Ali R, Khanday FA. Syntrophins entangled in cytoskeletal meshwork: Helping to hold it all together. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12562. [PMID: 30515904 PMCID: PMC6496184 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntrophins are a family of 59 kDa peripheral membrane-associated adapter proteins, containing multiple protein-protein and protein-lipid interaction domains. The syntrophin family consists of five isoforms that exhibit specific tissue distribution, distinct sub-cellular localization and unique expression patterns implying their diverse functional roles. These syntrophin isoforms form multiple functional protein complexes and ensure proper localization of signalling proteins and their binding partners to specific membrane domains and provide appropriate spatiotemporal regulation of signalling pathways. Syntrophins consist of two PH domains, a PDZ domain and a conserved SU domain. The PH1 domain is split by the PDZ domain. The PH2 and the SU domain are involved in the interaction between syntrophin and the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). Syntrophins recruit various signalling proteins to DGC and link extracellular matrix to internal signalling apparatus via DGC. The different domains of the syntrophin isoforms are responsible for modulation of cytoskeleton. Syntrophins associate with cytoskeletal proteins and lead to various cellular responses by modulating the cytoskeleton. Syntrophins are involved in many physiological processes which involve cytoskeletal reorganization like insulin secretion, blood pressure regulation, myogenesis, cell migration, formation and retraction of focal adhesions. Syntrophins have been implicated in various pathologies like Alzheimer's disease, muscular dystrophy, cancer. Their role in cytoskeletal organization and modulation makes them perfect candidates for further studies in various cancers and other ailments that involve cytoskeletal modulation. The role of syntrophins in cytoskeletal organization and modulation has not yet been comprehensively reviewed till now. This review focuses on syntrophins and highlights their role in cytoskeletal organization, modulation and dynamics via its involvement in different cell signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S. Bhat
- Division of BiotechnologySher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Roshia Ali
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
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25
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Nobis S, Morin A, Achamrah N, Belmonte L, Legrand R, Chan P, do Rego JL, Vaudry D, Gourcerol G, Déchelotte P, Goichon A, Coëffier M. Delayed gastric emptying and altered antrum protein metabolism during activity-based anorexia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13305. [PMID: 29411462 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa, a restrictive eating disorder, is often associated with gastrointestinal disorders, particularly a delayed gastric emptying. However, the mechanisms remained poorly documented. Thus, we aimed to evaluate gastric emptying and antrum protein metabolism in the Activity-Based Anorexia model (ABA). METHODS Females C57Bl/6 mice were randomized into 3 groups: Control, ABA, and Limited Food Access (LFA). Food access has been progressively limited from 6 h/day at day 6 to 3 h/day at day 9 and until day 17. ABA mice had free access to an activity wheel. Gastric emptying was assessed. On gastric extracts, a proteomic analysis was performed, as well as an evaluation of protein synthesis and protein oxidation. KEY RESULTS Both LFA and ABA mice exhibited a delayed gastric emptying compared with Controls (P < .05). Proteomic approach revealed 15 proteins that were differentially expressed. Among these proteins, we identified 2 clusters of interest contributing to (i) the organization of muscle fiber with ACTA2, VCL, KRT19, KRT8, and DES proteins and (ii) "heat shock proteins" with STIP1, HSPD1, and HSPA8 proteins. ABA mice specifically exhibited an increased rate of gastric oxidized proteins. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Delayed gastric emptying observed in anorectic conditions appears to be secondary to malnutrition. However, an oxidative stress is specifically present in the stomach of ABA mice. Its role remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nobis
- INSERM Unit 1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - A Morin
- INSERM Unit 1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - N Achamrah
- INSERM Unit 1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - L Belmonte
- INSERM Unit 1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - R Legrand
- INSERM Unit 1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - P Chan
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Platform in proteomics PISSARO, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - J-L do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Animal Behaviour Platform SCAC, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - D Vaudry
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Platform in proteomics PISSARO, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,INSERM Unit 1239, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - G Gourcerol
- INSERM Unit 1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Physiology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - P Déchelotte
- INSERM Unit 1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A Goichon
- INSERM Unit 1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - M Coëffier
- INSERM Unit 1073, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France.,Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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26
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Jackson KC, Tarpey MD, Valencia AP, Iñigo MR, Pratt SJ, Patteson DJ, McClung JM, Lovering RM, Thomson DM, Spangenburg EE. Induced Cre-mediated knockdown of Brca1 in skeletal muscle reduces mitochondrial respiration and prevents glucose intolerance in adult mice on a high-fat diet. FASEB J 2018; 32:3070-3084. [PMID: 29401626 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (Brca1) is a regulator of DNA repair in mammary gland cells; however, recent cell culture evidence suggests that Brca1 influences other processes, including those in nonmammary cells. In this study, we sought to determine whether Brca1 is necessary for metabolic regulation of skeletal muscle using a novel in vivo mouse model. We developed an inducible skeletal muscle-specific Brca1knockout (BRCA1KOsmi) model to test whether Brca1 expression is necessary for maintenance of metabolic function of skeletal muscle when exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD). Our data demonstrated that deletion of Brca1 prevented HFD-induced alterations in glucose and insulin tolerance. Irrespective of diet, BRCA1KOsmi mice exhibited significantly lower ADP-stimulated complex I mitochondrial respiration rates compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. The data show that Brca1 has the ability to localize to the mitochondria in skeletal muscle and that BRCA1KOsmi mice exhibit higher whole-body CO2 production, respiratory exchange ratio, and energy expenditure, compared with the WT mice. Our results demonstrate that loss of Brca1 in skeletal muscle leads to dysregulated metabolic function, characterized by decreased mitochondrial respiration. Thus, any condition that results in loss of Brca1 function could induce metabolic imbalance in skeletal muscle.-Jackson, K. C., Tarpey, M. D., Valencia, A. P., Iñigo, M. R., Pratt, S. J., Patteson, D. J., McClung, J. M., Lovering, R. M., Thomson, D. M., Spangenburg, E. E. Induced Cre-mediated knockdown of Brca1 in skeletal muscle reduces mitochondrial respiration and prevents glucose intolerance in adult mice on a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Jackson
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael D Tarpey
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ana P Valencia
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa R Iñigo
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen J Pratt
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel J Patteson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; and
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Espen E Spangenburg
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; and
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27
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García-Pelagio KP, Chen L, Joca HC, Ward C, Jonathan Lederer W, Bloch RJ. Absence of synemin in mice causes structural and functional abnormalities in heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 114:354-363. [PMID: 29247678 PMCID: PMC5850968 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies have been linked to changes in structural proteins, including intermediate filament (IF) proteins located in the cytoskeleton. IFs associate with the contractile machinery and costameres of striated muscle and with intercalated disks in the heart. Synemin is a large IF protein that mediates the association of desmin with Z-disks and stabilizes intercalated disks. It also acts as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). In murine skeletal muscle, the absence of synemin causes a mild myopathy. Here, we report that the genetic silencing of synemin in mice (synm -/-) causes left ventricular systolic dysfunction at 3months and 12-16months of age, and left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation at 12-16months of age. Isolated cardiomyocytes showed alterations in calcium handling that indicate defects intrinsic to the heart. Although contractile and costameric proteins remained unchanged in the old synm -/- hearts, we identified alterations in several signaling proteins (PKA-RII, ERK and p70S6K) critical to cardiomyocyte function. Our data suggest that synemin plays an important regulatory role in the heart and that the consequences of its absence are profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P García-Pelagio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physics, School of Science, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04320, Mexico
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Humberto C Joca
- BioMET, University of Maryland, 111 S Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130, Brazil
| | - Christopher Ward
- School of Nursing and Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland,100 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; BioMET, University of Maryland, 111 S Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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28
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Lindqvist J, Torvaldson E, Gullmets J, Karvonen H, Nagy A, Taimen P, Eriksson JE. Nestin contributes to skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2833-2842. [PMID: 28733456 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nestin, a member of the cytoskeletal family of intermediate filaments, regulates the onset of myogenic differentiation through bidirectional signaling with the kinase Cdk5. Here, we show that these effects are also reflected at the organism level, as there is a loss of skeletal muscle mass in nestin-/- (NesKO) mice, reflected as reduced lean (muscle) mass in the mice. Further examination of muscles in male mice revealed that these effects stemmed from nestin-deficient muscles being more prone to spontaneous regeneration. When the regeneration capacity of the compromised NesKO muscle was tested by muscle injury experiments, a significant healing delay was observed. NesKO satellite cells showed delayed proliferation kinetics in conjunction with an elevation in p35 (encoded by Cdk5r1) levels and Cdk5 activity. These results reveal that nestin deficiency generates a spontaneous regenerative phenotype in skeletal muscle that relates to a disturbed proliferation cycle that is associated with uncontrolled Cdk5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lindqvist
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Elin Torvaldson
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Josef Gullmets
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Henok Karvonen
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland .,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
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29
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Silvander JSG, Kvarnström SM, Kumari-Ilieva A, Shrestha A, Alam CM, Toivola DM. Keratins regulate β-cell mitochondrial morphology, motility, and homeostasis. FASEB J 2017; 31:4578-4587. [PMID: 28666985 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700095r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the epithelial intermediate filament protein keratin 8 (K8) in murine β cells leads to irregular insulin vesicles and decreased insulin levels. Because mitochondria are central in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, the relationship between keratins and β-cell mitochondrial function and morphology was investigated. β cells in murine K8-knockout (K8-/-) islets of Langerhans have increased numbers of mitochondria, which are rounder and have diffuse cristae, as seen by electron microscopy. The mitochondrial network in primary cultured K8-/- β cells is more fragmented compared with K8+/+ mitochondria, correlating with decreased levels of mitofusin 2 and the mitofusin 2- and keratin-binding protein trichoplein. K8-/- β-cell mitochondria have decreased levels of total and mitochondrial cytochrome c, which correlates with a reduction in electron transport complexes I and IV. This provokes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduction of ATP and insulin amount, as seen in K8-/- β cells. Mitochondria in K8 wild-type β cells and MIN6 insulinoma cells overexpressing K8 and 18 are more stationary compared with mitochondria in keratin-deficient cells. In conclusion, keratins, likely through trichoplein-mitofusin interactions, regulate both structural and dynamic functions of β-cell mitochondria, which could have implications for downstream insulin secretion.-Silvander, J. S. G., Kvarnström, S. M., Kumari-Ilieva, A., Shrestha, A., Alam, C. M., Toivola, D. M. Keratins regulate β-cell mitochondrial morphology, motility, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas S G Silvander
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sofie M Kvarnström
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Angeli Kumari-Ilieva
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anup Shrestha
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Catharina M Alam
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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30
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Abstract
Cardiac and skeletal striated muscles are intricately designed machines responsible for muscle contraction. Coordination of the basic contractile unit, the sarcomere, and the complex cytoskeletal networks are critical for contractile activity. The sarcomere is comprised of precisely organized individual filament systems that include thin (actin), thick (myosin), titin, and nebulin. Connecting the sarcomere to other organelles (e.g., mitochondria and nucleus) and serving as the scaffold to maintain cellular integrity are the intermediate filaments. The costamere, on the other hand, tethers the sarcomere to the cell membrane. Unique structures like the intercalated disc in cardiac muscle and the myotendinous junction in skeletal muscle help synchronize and transmit force. Intense investigation has been done on many of the proteins that make up these cytoskeletal assemblies. Yet the details of their function and how they interconnect have just started to be elucidated. A vast number of human myopathies are contributed to mutations in muscle proteins; thus understanding their basic function provides a mechanistic understanding of muscle disorders. In this review, we highlight the components of striated muscle with respect to their interactions, signaling pathways, functions, and connections to disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:891-944, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Henderson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher G Gomez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stefanie M Novak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lei Mi-Mi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Saha SK, Choi HY, Kim BW, Dayem AA, Yang GM, Kim KS, Yin YF, Cho SG. KRT19 directly interacts with β-catenin/RAC1 complex to regulate NUMB-dependent NOTCH signaling pathway and breast cancer properties. Oncogene 2017; 36:332-349. [PMID: 27345400 PMCID: PMC5270332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have reported that interactions between keratins (KRTs) and other proteins initiate signaling cascades that regulate cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. In the current study, we found that expression of KRT19 was specifically high in breast cancers and significantly correlated with their invasiveness. Moreover, knockdown of KRT19 led to increased proliferation, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and sphere formation in breast cancer cells via an upregulated NOTCH signaling pathway. This was owing to reduced expression of NUMB, an inhibitory protein of the NOTCH signaling pathway. In addition, we found that KRT19 interacts with β-catenin/RAC1 complex and enhances the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Concordantly, knockdown of KRT19 suppressed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin as well as β-catenin-mediated NUMB expression. Furthermore, modulation of KRT19-mediated regulation of NUMB and NOTCH1 expression led to the repression of the cancer stem cell properties of breast cancer patient-derived CD133high/CXCR4high/ALDH1high cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs), which showed very low KRT19 and high NOTCH1 expression. Taken together, our study suggests a novel function for KRT19 in the regulation of nuclear import of the β-catenin/RAC1 complex, thus modulating the NUMB-dependent NOTCH signaling pathway in breast cancers and CSLCs, which might bear potential clinical implications for cancer or CSLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Saha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B W Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A A Dayem
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G-M Yang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y F Yin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-G Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Moorer MC, Buo AM, Garcia-Pelagio KP, Stains JP, Bloch RJ. Deficiency of the intermediate filament synemin reduces bone mass in vivo. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C839-C845. [PMID: 27605453 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While the type IV intermediate filament protein, synemin, has been shown to play a role in striated muscle and neuronal tissue, its presence and function have not been described in skeletal tissue. Here, we report that genetic ablation of synemin in 14-wk-old male mice results in osteopenia that includes a more than 2-fold reduction in the trabecular bone fraction in the distal femur and a reduction in the cross-sectional area at the femoral middiaphysis due to an attendant reduction in both the periosteal and endosteal perimeter. Analysis of serum markers of bone formation and static histomorphometry revealed a statistically significant defect in osteoblast activity and osteoblast number in vivo. Interestingly, primary osteoblasts isolated from synemin-null mice demonstrate markedly enhanced osteogenic capacity with a concomitant reduction in cyclin D1 mRNA expression, which may explain the loss of osteoblast number observed in vivo. In total, these data suggest an important, previously unknown role for synemin in bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Atum M Buo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Karla P Garcia-Pelagio
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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HIRA Is Required for Heart Development and Directly Regulates Tnni2 and Tnnt3. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161096. [PMID: 27518902 PMCID: PMC4982693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelling is essential for cardiac development. Interestingly, the role of histone chaperones has not been investigated in this regard. HIRA is a member of the HUCA (HIRA/UBN1/CABIN1/ASF1a) complex that deposits the variant histone H3.3 on chromatin independently of replication. Lack of HIRA has general effects on chromatin and gene expression dynamics in embryonic stem cells and mouse oocytes. Here we describe the conditional ablation of Hira in the cardiogenic mesoderm of mice. We observed surface oedema, ventricular and atrial septal defects and embryonic lethality. We identified dysregulation of a subset of cardiac genes, notably upregulation of troponins Tnni2 and Tnnt3, involved in cardiac contractility and decreased expression of Epha3, a gene necessary for the fusion of the muscular ventricular septum and the atrioventricular cushions. We found that HIRA binds GAGA rich DNA loci in the embryonic heart, and in particular a previously described enhancer of Tnni2/Tnnt3 (TTe) bound by the transcription factor NKX2.5. HIRA-dependent H3.3 enrichment was observed at the TTe in embryonic stem cells (ESC) differentiated toward cardiomyocytes in vitro. Thus, we show here that HIRA has locus-specific effects on gene expression and that histone chaperone activity is vital for normal heart development, impinging on pathways regulated by an established cardiac transcription factor.
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Coll-Bonfill N, Peinado VI, Pisano MV, Párrizas M, Blanco I, Evers M, Engelmann JC, García-Lucio J, Tura-Ceide O, Meister G, Barberà JA, Musri MM. Slug Is Increased in Vascular Remodeling and Induces a Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferative Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159460. [PMID: 27441378 PMCID: PMC4956159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have confirmed Slug as a key player in regulating phenotypic changes in several cell models, however, its role in smooth muscle cells (SMC) has never been assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of Slug during the phenotypic switch of SMC in vitro and throughout the development of vascular remodeling. Methods and Results Slug expression was decreased during both cell-to-cell contact and TGFβ1 induced SMC differentiation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a known inductor of a proliferative/dedifferentiated SMC phenotype, induces the expression of Slug in SMC. Slug knockdown blocked TNFα-induced SMC phenotypic change and significantly reduced both SMC proliferation and migration, while its overexpression blocked the TGFβ1-induced SMC differentiation and induced proliferation and migration. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis showed that in SMC, Slug knockdown induced changes mainly in genes related to proliferation and migration, indicating that Slug controls these processes in SMC. Notably, Slug expression was significantly up-regulated in lungs of mice using a model of pulmonary hypertension-related vascular remodeling. Highly remodeled human pulmonary arteries also showed an increase of Slug expression compared to less remodeled arteries. Conclusions Slug emerges as a key transcription factor driving SMC towards a proliferative phenotype. The increased Slug expression observed in vivo in highly remodeled arteries of mice and human suggests a role of Slug in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Coll-Bonfill
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor I. Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María V. Pisano
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maurits Evers
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia C. Engelmann
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jessica García-Lucio
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina M. Musri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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36
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Intermediate Filaments as Organizers of Cellular Space: How They Affect Mitochondrial Structure and Function. Cells 2016; 5:cells5030030. [PMID: 27399781 PMCID: PMC5040972 DOI: 10.3390/cells5030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments together with actin filaments and microtubules form the cytoskeleton, which is a complex and highly dynamic 3D network. Intermediate filaments are the major mechanical stress protectors but also affect cell growth, differentiation, signal transduction, and migration. Using intermediate filament-mitochondrial crosstalk as a prominent example, this review emphasizes the importance of intermediate filaments as crucial organizers of cytoplasmic space to support these functions. We summarize observations in different mammalian cell types which demonstrate how intermediate filaments influence mitochondrial morphology, subcellular localization, and function through direct and indirect interactions and how perturbations of these interactions may lead to human diseases.
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Abstract
The dystrophin complex stabilizes the plasma membrane of striated muscle cells. Loss of function mutations in the genes encoding dystrophin, or the associated proteins, trigger instability of the plasma membrane, and myofiber loss. Mutations in dystrophin have been extensively cataloged, providing remarkable structure-function correlation between predicted protein structure and clinical outcomes. These data have highlighted dystrophin regions necessary for in vivo function and fueled the design of viral vectors and now, exon skipping approaches for use in dystrophin restoration therapies. However, dystrophin restoration is likely more complex, owing to the role of the dystrophin complex as a broad cytoskeletal integrator. This review will focus on dystrophin restoration, with emphasis on the regions of dystrophin essential for interacting with its associated proteins and discuss the structural implications of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Q Gao
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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38
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Allen DG, Whitehead NP, Froehner SC. Absence of Dystrophin Disrupts Skeletal Muscle Signaling: Roles of Ca2+, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Nitric Oxide in the Development of Muscular Dystrophy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:253-305. [PMID: 26676145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin is a long rod-shaped protein that connects the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton to a complex of proteins in the surface membrane (dystrophin protein complex, DPC), with further connections via laminin to other extracellular matrix proteins. Initially considered a structural complex that protected the sarcolemma from mechanical damage, the DPC is now known to serve as a scaffold for numerous signaling proteins. Absence or reduced expression of dystrophin or many of the DPC components cause the muscular dystrophies, a group of inherited diseases in which repeated bouts of muscle damage lead to atrophy and fibrosis, and eventually muscle degeneration. The normal function of dystrophin is poorly defined. In its absence a complex series of changes occur with multiple muscle proteins showing reduced or increased expression or being modified in various ways. In this review, we will consider the various proteins whose expression and function is changed in muscular dystrophies, focusing on Ca(2+)-permeable channels, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, and caveolins. Excessive Ca(2+) entry, increased membrane permeability, disordered caveolar function, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species are early changes in the disease, and the hypotheses for these phenomena will be critically considered. The aim of the review is to define the early damage pathways in muscular dystrophy which might be appropriate targets for therapy designed to minimize the muscle degeneration and slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Allen
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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40
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Wang J, Cai J, Huang Y, Ke Q, Wu B, Wang S, Han X, Wang T, Wang Y, Li W, Lao C, Song W, Xiang AP. Nestin regulates proliferation and invasion of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells by altering mitochondrial dynamics. Oncogene 2015; 35:3139-50. [PMID: 26434586 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nestin is widely expressed in numerous tumors and has become a diagnostic and prognostic indicator. However, the exact mechanism by which nestin contributes to tumor malignancy remains poorly understood. Here, we found marked upregulation of nestin expression in highly proliferative and invasive gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) specimens. Nestin knockdown in GIST cells reduced the proliferative and invasive activity owing to a decrease of mitochondrial intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, nestin was co-localized with mitochondria, and knockdown of nestin increased mitochondrial elongation and influenced the mitochondrial function, including oxygen consumption rates, ATP generation and mitochondrial membrane potential and so on. In exploring the underlying mechanism, we demonstrated nestin knockdown inhibited the mitochondrial recruitment of Dynamin-related protein1 and induced the change of mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, nestin may have an important role in GIST malignancy by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and altering intracellular ROS levels. The findings provide new clues to reveal mechanisms by which nestin mediates the proliferation and invasion of GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Cai
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Ke
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Han
- Department of Population Genetics and Prevention, Fuwai Hospital of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - T Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Li
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Lao
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - A P Xiang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Tumor necrosis factor-α confers cardioprotection through ectopic expression of keratins K8 and K18. Nat Med 2015; 21:1076-84. [PMID: 26280121 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), one of the major stress-induced proinflammatory cytokines, is upregulated in the heart after tissue injury, and its sustained expression can contribute to the development of heart failure. Whether TNF-α also exerts cytoprotective effects in heart failure is not known. Here we provide evidence for a cardioprotective function of TNF-α in a genetic heart failure model, desmin-deficient mice. The cardioprotective effects of TNF-α are a consequence of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated ectopic expression in cardiomyocytes of keratin 8 (K8) and keratin 18 (K18), two epithelial-specific intermediate filament proteins. In cardiomyocytes, K8 and K18 (K8/K18) formed an alternative cytoskeletal network that localized mainly at intercalated discs (IDs) and conferred cardioprotection by maintaining normal ID structure and mitochondrial integrity and function. Ectopic induction of K8/K18 expression in cardiomyocytes also occurred in other genetic and experimental models of heart failure. Loss of the K8/K18 network resulted in a maladaptive cardiac phenotype following transverse aortic constriction. In human failing myocardium, where TNF-α expression is upregulated, K8/K18 were also ectopically expressed and localized primarily at IDs, which did not contain detectable amounts of desmin. Thus, TNF-α- and NF-κB-mediated formation of an alternative, stress-induced intermediate filament cytoskeleton has cardioprotective function in mice and potentially in humans.
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42
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Chen Y, Guldiken N, Spurny M, Mohammed HHA, Haybaeck J, Pollheimer MJ, Fickert P, Gassler N, Jeon MK, Trautwein C, Strnad P. Loss of keratin 19 favours the development of cholestatic liver disease through decreased ductular reaction. J Pathol 2015; 237:343-54. [PMID: 26108453 DOI: 10.1002/path.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Keratins (K) are cytoprotective proteins and keratin mutations predispose to the development of multiple human diseases. K19 represents the most widely used marker of biliary and hepatic progenitor cells as well as a marker of ductular reaction that constitutes the basic regenerative response to chronic liver injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of K19 in biliary and hepatic progenitor cells and its importance for ductular reaction. K19 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were fed: (a) 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC); (b) cholic acid (CA); (c) a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet; or (d) were subjected to common bile duct ligation (CBDL). The bile composition, liver damage, bile duct proliferation, oval cell content and biliary fibrosis were analysed. In untreated animals, loss of K19 led to redistribution of the K network in biliary epithelial cells (BECs) but to no obvious biliary phenotype. After DDC feeding, K19 KO mice exhibited (compared to WTs): (a) increased cholestasis; (b) less pronounced ductular reaction with reduced ductular proliferation and fewer oval cells; (c) impaired Notch 2 signalling in BECs; (d) lower biliary fibrosis score and biliary bicarbonate concentration. An attenuated oval cell proliferation in K19 KOs was also found after feeding with the CDE diet. K19 KOs subjected to CBDL displayed lower BEC proliferation, oval cell content and less prominent Notch 2 signal. K19 deficiency did not change the extent of CA- or CBDL-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate that K19 plays an important role in the ductular reaction and might be of importance in multiple chronic liver disorders that frequently display a ductular reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, RWTH Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Germany
| | - Nurdan Guldiken
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, RWTH Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuela Spurny
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Marion J Pollheimer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Fickert
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Min Kyung Jeon
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, RWTH Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, Germany
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García-Pelagio KP, Muriel J, O'Neill A, Desmond PF, Lovering RM, Lund L, Bond M, Bloch RJ. Myopathic changes in murine skeletal muscle lacking synemin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C448-62. [PMID: 25567810 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00331.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of striated muscle linked to intermediate filament (IF) proteins are associated with defects in the organization of the contractile apparatus and its links to costameres, which connect the sarcomeres to the cell membrane. Here we study the role in skeletal muscle of synemin, a type IV IF protein, by examining mice null for synemin (synm-null). Synm-null mice have a mild skeletal muscle phenotype. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles show a significant decrease in mean fiber diameter, a decrease in twitch and tetanic force, and an increase in susceptibility to injury caused by lengthening contractions. Organization of proteins associated with the contractile apparatus and costameres is not significantly altered in the synm-null. Elastimetry of the sarcolemma and associated contractile apparatus in extensor digitorum longus myofibers reveals a reduction in tension consistent with an increase in sarcolemmal deformability. Although fatigue after repeated isometric contractions is more marked in TA muscles of synm-null mice, the ability of the mice to run uphill on a treadmill is similar to controls. Our results suggest that synemin contributes to linkage between costameres and the contractile apparatus and that the absence of synemin results in decreased fiber size and increased sarcolemmal deformability and susceptibility to injury. Thus synemin plays a moderate but distinct role in fast twitch skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P García-Pelagio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joaquin Muriel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea O'Neill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick F Desmond
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linda Lund
- Merrick School of Business, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Meredith Bond
- College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Hnia K, Ramspacher C, Vermot J, Laporte J. Desmin in muscle and associated diseases: beyond the structural function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:591-608. [PMID: 25358400 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Desmin is a muscle-specific type III intermediate filament essential for proper muscular structure and function. In human, mutations affecting desmin expression or promoting its aggregation lead to skeletal (desmin-related myopathies), or cardiac (desmin-related cardiomyopathy) phenotypes, or both. Patient muscles display intracellular accumulations of misfolded proteins and desmin-positive insoluble granulofilamentous aggregates, leading to a large spectrum of molecular alterations. Increasing evidence shows that desmin function is not limited to the structural and mechanical integrity of cells. This novel perception is strongly supported by the finding that diseases featuring desmin aggregates cannot be easily associated with mechanical defects, but rather involve desmin filaments in a broader spectrum of functions, such as in organelle positioning and integrity and in signaling. Here, we review desmin functions and related diseases affecting striated muscles. We detail emergent cellular functions of desmin based on reported phenotypes in patients and animal models. We discuss known desmin protein partners and propose an overview of the way that this molecular network could serve as a signal transduction platform necessary for proper muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hnia
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France,
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45
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Pratt SJP, Lovering RM. A stepwise procedure to test contractility and susceptibility to injury for the rodent quadriceps muscle. J Biol Methods 2014; 1. [PMID: 25530979 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with muscle injury or muscle disease, assessment of muscle damage is typically limited to clinical signs, such as tenderness, strength, range of motion, and more recently, imaging studies. Biological markers can also be used in measuring muscle injury, such as increased creatine kinase levels in the blood, but these are not always correlated with loss in muscle function (i.e. loss of force production). This is even true of histological findings from animals, which provide a "direct measure" of damage, but do not account for loss of function. The most comprehensive measure of the overall health of the muscle is contractile force. To date, animal models testing contractile force have been limited to the muscle groups moving the ankle. Here we describe an in vivo animal model for the quadriceps, with abilities to measure torque, produce a reliable muscle injury, and follow muscle recovery within the same animal over time. We also describe a second model used for direct measurement of force from an isolated quadriceps muscle in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J P Pratt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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46
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Pratt SJP, Shah SB, Ward CW, Kerr JP, Stains JP, Lovering RM. Recovery of altered neuromuscular junction morphology and muscle function in mdx mice after injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:153-64. [PMID: 24947322 PMCID: PMC4282693 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating neuromuscular disease in which weakness, increased susceptibility to muscle injury, and inadequate repair underlie the pathology. While most attention has focused within the muscle fiber, we recently demonstrated significant alterations in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology and resulting neuromuscular transmission failure (NTF) 24 h after injury in mdx mice (murine model for DMD). Here we determine the contribution of NMJ morphology and NTF to the recovery of muscle contractile function post-injury. NMJ morphology and NTF rates were assessed day 0 (immediately after injury) and days 1, 7, 14 and 21 after quadriceps injury. Eccentric injury of the quadriceps resulted in a significant loss of maximal torque in both WT (39 ± 6 %) and mdx (76 ± 8 %) with a full recovery in WT by day 7 and in mdx by day 21. Post-injury alterations in NMJ morphology and NTF were found only in mdx, were limited to days 0 and 1, and were independent of changes in MuSK or AChR expression. Such early changes at the NMJ after injury are consistent with mechanical disruption rather than newly forming NMJs. Furthermore, we show that the dense microtubule network that underlies the NMJ is significantly reduced and disorganized in mdx compared to WT. These structural changes at the NMJ may play a role in the increased NMJ disruption and the exaggerated loss of nerve-evoked muscle force seen after injury to dystrophic muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. P. Pratt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. AHB, Room 540, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Sameer B. Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Jaclyn P. Kerr
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. AHB, Room 540, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Richard M. Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. AHB, Room 540, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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47
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Alvarado DM, Coulombe PA. Directed expression of a chimeric type II keratin partially rescues keratin 5-null mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19435-47. [PMID: 24867950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of structural support fulfilled by keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) in surface epithelia likely requires that they be organized into cross-linked networks. For IFs comprised of keratins 5 and 14 (K5 and K14), which occur in basal keratinocytes of the epidermis, formation of cross-linked bundles is, in part, self-driven through cis-acting determinants. Here, we targeted the expression of a bundling-competent KRT5/KRT8 chimeric cDNA (KRT8bc) or bundling-deficient wild type KRT8 as a control to the epidermal basal layer of Krt5-null mice to assess the functional importance of keratin IF self-organization in vivo. Such targeted expression of K8bc rescued Krt5-null mice with a 47% frequency, whereas K8 completely failed to do so. This outcome correlated with lower than expected levels of K8bc and especially K8 mRNA and protein in the epidermis of E18.5 replacement embryos. Ex vivo culture of embryonic skin keratinocytes confirmed the ability of K8bc to form IFs in the absence of K5. Additionally, electron microscopy analysis of E18.5 embryonic skin revealed that the striking defects observed in keratin IF bundling, cytoarchitecture, and mitochondria are partially restored by K8bc expression. As young adults, viable KRT8bc replacement mice develop alopecia and chronic skin lesions, indicating that the skin epithelia are not completely normal. These findings are consistent with a contribution of self-mediated organization of keratin IFs to structural support and cytoarchitecture in basal layer keratinocytes of the epidermis and underscore the importance of context-dependent regulation for keratin genes and proteins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Alvarado
- From the Training Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- From the Training Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205Departments of Biological Chemistry and Dermatology, School of Medicine and
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48
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Abstract
The function of muscle is to contract, which means to exert force on a substrate. The adaptations required for skeletal muscle differentiation, from a prototypic cell, involve specialization of housekeeping cytoskeletal contracting and supporting systems into crystalline arrays of proteins. Here I discuss the changes that all three cytoskeletal systems (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) undergo through myogenesis. I also discuss their interaction, through the membrane, to extracellular matrix and to other cells, where force will be exerted during contraction. The three cytoskeletal systems are necessary for the muscle cell and must exert complementary roles in the cell. Muscle is a responsive system, where structure and function are integrated: the structural adaptations it undergoes depend on force production. In this way, the muscle cytoskeleton is a portrait of its physiology. I review the cytoskeletal proteins and structures involved in muscle function and focus particularly on their role in myogenesis, the process by which this incredible muscle machine is made. Although the focus is on skeletal muscle, some of the discussion is applicable to cardiac and smooth muscle.
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49
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Filamentous structures in skeletal muscle: anchors for the subsarcolemmal space. Med Mol Morphol 2014; 48:1-12. [PMID: 24519712 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-014-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle fibers, intermediate filaments and actin filaments provide structural support to the myofibrils and the sarcolemma. For many years, it was poorly understood from ultrastructural observations that how these filamentous structures were kept anchored. The present study was conducted to determine the architecture of filamentous anchoring structures in the subsarcolemmal space and the intermyofibrils. The diaphragms (Dp) of adult wild type and mdx mice (mdx is a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy) were subjected to tension applied perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle fibers, with or without treatment with 1% Triton X-100 or 0.03% saponin. These experiments were conducted to confirm the presence and integrity of the filamentous anchoring structures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that these structures provide firm transverse connections between the sarcolemma and peripheral myofibrils. Most of the filamentous structures appeared to be inserted into subsarcolemmal densities, forming anchoring connections between the sarcolemma and peripheral myofibrils. In some cases, actin filaments were found to run longitudinally in the subsarcolemmal space to connect to the sarcolemma or in some cases to connect to the intermyofibrils as elongated thin filaments. These filamentous anchoring structures were less common in the mdx Dp. Our data suggest that the transverse and longitudinal filamentous structures form an anchoring system in the subsarcolemmal space and the intermyofibrils.
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50
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Russ DW, Wills AM, Boyd IM, Krause J. Weakness, SR function and stress in gastrocnemius muscles of aged male rats. Exp Gerontol 2013; 50:40-4. [PMID: 24316040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in muscle force that exceeds loss of muscle mass, suggesting that factors other than sarcopenia affect age-related muscle weakness. Here, we investigate in situ muscle force and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) properties in gastrocnemius muscles of adult (6-8 months) and aged (24 months) rats. Despite minimal loss of muscle mass, peak tetanic force was significantly reduced (-28%) in aged muscles. Adjusting for differences in muscle cross-sectional area mitigated the age difference (-23%), but it remained significant. The SR calcium release function was also impaired (-17%) with aging, although calcium uptake was not, and SR-associated glycogen increased (+30%) with aging. Western blotting revealed age related increases in Grp78, serinepalmitoyltransferase and neutral sphingomyelinase, suggesting that age increased the stress response and ceramide metabolism in the SR. In contrast Parkin, a protein associated with autophagic signaling, was reduced in the aged SR. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that age-related impairments of the SR, possibly due to impaired autophagy and/or altered membrane metabolism, contribute to age-related muscle weakness, independent of changes in muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Russ
- Division of Physical Therapy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Allison M Wills
- Division of Physical Therapy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Iva M Boyd
- Division of Physical Therapy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jodi Krause
- Division of Physical Therapy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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