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Valero Y, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Fish HERC7: Phylogeny, Characterization, and Potential Implications for Antiviral Immunity in European Sea Bass. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7751. [PMID: 39062994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases, key components of the ubiquitin proteasome system, orchestrate protein degradation through ubiquitylation and profoundly impact cellular biology. Small HERC E3 ligases (HERC3-6) have diverse functions in mammals, including roles in spermatogenesis, protein degradation, and immunity. Until now, only mammals' HERC3, HERC5, and HERC6 are known to participate in immune responses, with major involvement in the antiviral response. Interestingly, an exclusive HERC7 has been characterized in fish showing great molecular conservation and antiviral roles. Thus, this study identifies and characterizes the herc7 gene in the European sea bass teleost. The European sea bass herc7 gene and the putative protein show good conservation of the promoter binding sites for interferons and the RCC1 and HECT domains characteristic of HERC proteins, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis shows a unique cluster with the fish-exclusive HERC7 orthologues. During ontogeny, the herc7 gene is expressed from 3 days post-fertilization onwards, being constitutively and widely distributed in adult tissues. In vitro, stimulated leucocytes up-regulate the herc7 gene in response to mitogens and viruses, pointing to a role in the immune response. Furthermore, sea bass herc7 expression is related to the interferon response intensity and viral load in different tissues upon in vivo infection with red-grouper betanodavirus (RGNNV), suggesting the potential involvement of fish HERC7 in ISGylation-based antiviral activity, similarly to mammalian HERC5. This study broadens the understanding of small HERC proteins in fish species and highlights HERC7 as a potential contributor to the immune response in European sea bass, with implications for antiviral defense mechanisms. Future research is needed to unravel the precise actions and functions of HERC7 in teleost fish immunity, providing insights into direct antiviral activity and viral evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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2
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Saleem A, Mumtaz PT, Saleem S, Manzoor T, Taban Q, Dar MA, Bhat B, Ahmad SM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of E. coli & Staphylococcus aureus infected goat mammary epithelial cells reveals genes associated with infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111213. [PMID: 37995572 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, imposes a significant financial burden on the dairy sector. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions with goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic response of GMECs during infection with E. coli and S. aureus, providing insights into the host-pathogen interactions. Differential expression of gene (DEGs) analysis was done to find genes and pathways dysregulated in the wake of infection. E. coli infection triggered a robust upregulation of immune response genes, including pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines as well as genes involved in tissue repair and remodeling. Conversely, S. aureus infection showed a more complex pattern, involving the activation of immune-related gene as well as those involved in autophagy, apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Furthermore, several key pathways, such as Toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, were differentially modulated in response to each pathogen. Understanding the specific responses of GMECs to these pathogens will provide a foundation for understanding the complex dynamics of infection and host response, offering potential avenues for the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India
| | | | - Sahar Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Tasaduq Manzoor
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Qamar Taban
- Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India.
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India.
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3
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Furutani M, Suganuma M, Akiyama S, Mitsumori R, Takemura M, Matsui Y, Satake S, Nakano Y, Niida S, Ozaki K, Hosoyama T, Shigemizu D. RNA-Sequencing Analysis Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Sarcopenia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1991-1998. [PMID: 37347997 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric disease associated with increased mortality and disability. Early diagnosis and intervention are required to prevent it. This study investigated biomarkers for sarcopenia by using a combination of comprehensive clinical data and messenger RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We enrolled a total of 114 older adults aged 66-94 years (52 sarcopenia diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus and 62 normal older people). We used clinical data which were not included diagnosis criteria of sarcopenia, and stride length showed significance by logistic regression analysis (Bonferroni corrected p = .012, odds ratio = 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05-0.40). RNA-seq analysis detected 6 differential expressed genes (FAR1, GNL2, HERC5, MRPL47, NUBP2, and S100A11). We also performed gene-set enrichment analysis and detected 2 functional modules (ie, hub genes, MYH9, and FLNA). By using any combination of the 9 candidates and basic information (age and sex), risk-prediction models were constructed. The best model by using a combination of stride length, HERC5, S100A11, and FLNA, achieved a high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 in a validation cohort (95% CI: 0.78-0.95). The quantitative PCR results of the 3 genes were consistent with the trend observed in the RNA-seq results. When BMI was added, the model achieved a high AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.84-0.99). We have discovered potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Further refinement may lead to their future practical use in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Furutani
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Suganuma
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Akiyama
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Risa Mitsumori
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Marie Takemura
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasumoto Matsui
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shosuke Satake
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Core Facility Administration, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tohru Hosoyama
- Geroscience Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, AichiJapan
| | - Daichi Shigemizu
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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4
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Oswald J, Constantine M, Adegbuyi A, Omorogbe E, Dellomo AJ, Ehrlich ES. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Gammaherpesviruses and HIV: A Review of Virus Adaptation and Exploitation. Viruses 2023; 15:1935. [PMID: 37766341 PMCID: PMC10535929 DOI: 10.3390/v15091935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For productive infection and replication to occur, viruses must control cellular machinery and counteract restriction factors and antiviral proteins. Viruses can accomplish this, in part, via the regulation of cellular gene expression and post-transcriptional and post-translational control. Many viruses co-opt and counteract cellular processes via modulation of the host post-translational modification machinery and encoding or hijacking kinases, SUMO ligases, deubiquitinases, and ubiquitin ligases, in addition to other modifiers. In this review, we focus on three oncoviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their interactions with the ubiquitin-proteasome system via viral-encoded or cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elana S. Ehrlich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA
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5
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Li D, Peng J, Wu J, Yi J, Wu P, Qi X, Ren J, Peng G, Duan X, Ru Y, Liu H, Tian H, Zheng H. African swine fever virus MGF-360-10L is a novel and crucial virulence factor that mediates ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5. mBio 2023; 14:e0060623. [PMID: 37417777 PMCID: PMC10470787 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00606-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute hemorrhagic infectious disease in pigs. The ASFV genome encodes various proteins that enable the virus to escape innate immunity; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study found that ASFV MGF-360-10L significantly inhibits interferon (IFN)-β-triggered STAT1/2 promoter activation and the production of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). ASFV MGF-360-10L deletion (ASFV-Δ10L) replication was impaired compared with the parental ASFV CN/GS/2018 strain, and more ISGs were induced by the ASFV-Δ10L in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro. We found that MGF-360-10L mainly targets JAK1 and mediates its degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, MGF-360-10L also mediates the K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 at lysine residues 245 and 269 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5 (HECT and RLD domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5). The virulence of ASFV-Δ10L was significantly lower than that of the parental strain in vivo, which indicates that MGF-360-10L is a novel virulence factor of ASFV. Our findings elaborate the novel mechanism of MGF-360-10L on the STAT1/2 signaling pathway, expanding our understanding of the inhibition of host innate immunity by ASFV-encoded proteins and providing novel insights that could contribute to the development of African swine fever vaccines. IMPORTANCE African swine fever outbreaks remain a concern in some areas. There is no effective drug or commercial vaccine to prevent African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection. In the present study, we found that overexpression of MGF-360-10L strongly inhibited the interferon (IFN)-β-induced STAT1/2 signaling pathway and the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that MGF-360-10L mediates the degradation and K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5. The virulence of ASFV with MGF-360-10L deletion was significantly less than parental ASFV CN/GS/2018. Our study identified a new virulence factor and revealed a novel mechanism by which MGF-360-10L inhibits the immune response, thus providing new insights into the vaccination strategies against ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangling Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaochuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianghan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Li L, Miao J, Shaheen N, Taleb SJ, Hu J, Ye Q, He J, Yan J, Mallampalli RK, Zhao J, Zhao Y. ISGylation of NF-κBp65 by SCF FBXL19 E3 Ligase Diminishes Endothelial Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:674-683. [PMID: 36994728 PMCID: PMC10133096 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) plays a pivotal role in endothelial cell (EC) inflammation. Protein ISGylation is regulated by E3 ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene 15) ligases; however, ISGylation of NF-κBp65 and its role in EC functions have not been investigated. Here, we investigate whether p65 is ISGylated and the role of its ISGylation in endothelial functions. METHODS In vitro ISGylation assay and EC inflammation were performed. EC-specific transgenic mice were utilized in a murine model of acute lung injury. RESULTS We find that NF-κBp65 is ISGylated in resting ECs and that the posttranslational modification is reversible. TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and endotoxin stimulation of EC reduce p65 ISGylation, promoting its serine phosphorylation through reducing its association with a phosphatase WIP1 (wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1). Mechanistically, an SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box) protein E3 ligase SCFFBXL19 is identified as a new ISG15 E3 ligase that targets and catalyzes ISGylation of p65. Depletion of FBXL19 (F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 19) increases p65 phosphorylation and EC inflammation, suggesting a negative correlation between p65 ISGylation and phosphorylation. Moreover, EC-specific FBXL19 overexpressing humanized transgenic mice exhibit reduced lung inflammation and severity of experimental acute lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data reveal a new posttranslational modification of p65 catalyzed by a previously unrecognized role of SCFFBXL19 as an ISG15 E3 ligase that modulates EC inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jiaxing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nargis Shaheen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sarah J. Taleb
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Qinmao Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jinshan He
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jiasheng Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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7
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Li YL, Gong XY, Qu ZL, Zhao X, Dan C, Sun HY, An LL, Gui JF, Zhang YB. Zebrafish HERC7c Acts as an Inhibitor of Fish IFN Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054592. [PMID: 36902023 PMCID: PMC10003058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, four small HERCs (HERC3-6) exhibit differential degrees of antiviral activity toward HIV-1. Recently we revealed a novel member HERC7 of small HERCs exclusively in non-mammalian vertebrates and varied copies of herc7 genes in distinct fish species, raising a question of what is the exact role for a certain fish herc7 gene. Here, a total of four herc7 genes (named HERC7a-d sequentially) are identified in the zebrafish genome. They are transcriptionally induced by a viral infection, and detailed promoter analyses indicate that zebrafish herc7c is a typical interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene. Overexpression of zebrafish HERC7c promotes SVCV (spring viremia of carp virus) replication in fish cells and concomitantly downregulates cellular IFN response. Mechanistically, zebrafish HERC7c targets STING, MAVS, and IRF7 for protein degradation, thus impairing cellular IFN response. Whereas the recently-identified crucian carp HERC7 has an E3 ligase activity for the conjugation of both ubiquitin and ISG15, zebrafish HERC7c only displays the potential to transfer ubiquitin. Considering the necessity for timely regulation of IFN expression during viral infection, these results together suggest that zebrafish HERC7c is a negative regulator of fish IFN antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Ling Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao-Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Li An
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wang Y, Lei J, Zhang S, Wang X, Jin J, Liu Y, Gan M, Yuan Y, Sun L, Li X, Han T, Wang JB. 4EBP1 senses extracellular glucose deprivation and initiates cell death signaling in lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1075. [PMID: 36575176 PMCID: PMC9794714 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient-limiting conditions are common during cancer development. The coordination of cellular glucose levels and cell survival is a fundamental question in cell biology and has not been completely understood. 4EBP1 is known as a translational repressor to regulate cell proliferation and survival by controlling translation initiation, however, whether 4EBP1 could participate in tumor survival by other mechanism except for translational repression function, especially under glucose starvation conditions remains unknown. Here, we found that protein levels of 4EBP1 was up-regulated in the central region of the tumor which always suffered nutrient deprivation compared with the peripheral region. We further discovered that 4EBP1 was dephosphorylated by PTPMT1 under glucose starvation conditions, which prevented 4EBP1 from being targeted for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation by HERC5. After that, 4EBP1 translocated to cytoplasm and interacted with STAT3 by competing with JAK and ERK, leading to the inactivation of STAT3 in the cytoplasm, resulting in apoptosis under glucose withdrawal conditions. Moreover, 4EBP1 knockdown increased the tumor volume and weight in xenograft models by inhibiting apoptosis in the central region of tumor. These findings highlight a novel mechanism for 4EBP1 as a new cellular glucose sensor in regulating cancer cell death under glucose deprivation conditions, which was different from its classical function as a translational repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Nanchang City, 330052 Jiangxi China ,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Nanchang City, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Jiapeng Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang City, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Song Zhang
- grid.412465.0Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- grid.415912.a0000 0004 4903 149XDepartment of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng City, 252000 Shandong China
| | - Jiangbo Jin
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031 Jiangxi China
| | - Mingxi Gan
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031 Jiangxi China
| | - Yi Yuan
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031 Jiangxi China
| | - Longhua Sun
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Tianyu Han
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Nanchang City, 330052 Jiangxi China ,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Nanchang City, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006 Jiangxi China ,grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031 Jiangxi China
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9
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Anyona SB, Cheng Q, Raballah E, Hurwitz I, Lambert CG, McMahon BH, Ouma C, Perkins DJ. Ingestion of hemozoin by peripheral blood mononuclear cells alters temporal gene expression of ubiquitination processes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101207. [PMID: 35071802 PMCID: PMC8761598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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10
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Li YL, Gong XY, Qu ZL, Zhao X, Dan C, Gui JF, Zhang YB. A Novel Non-Mammalian-Specific HERC7 Negatively Regulates IFN Response through Degrading RLR Signaling Factors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1189-1203. [PMID: 35101889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The small HERC family currently comprises four members (HERC3-6) involved in the regulation of various physiological activities. Little is known about the role of HERCs in IFN response. In this study, we identify a novel fish HERC member, named crucian carp HERC7, as a negative regulator of fish IFN response. Genome-wide search of homologs and comprehensive phylogenetic analyses reveal that the small HERC family, apart from HERC3-6 that have been well-characterized in mammals, contains a novel HERC7 subfamily exclusively in nonmammalian vertebrates. Lineage-specific and even species-specific expansion of HERC7 subfamily in fish indicates that crucian carp HERC7 might be species-specific. In virally infected fish cells, HERC7 is induced by IFN and selectively targets three retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor signaling factors for degradation to attenuate IFN response by two distinct strategies. Mechanistically, HERC7 delivers mediator of IFN regulatory factor 3 activator and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein for proteasome-dependent degradation at the protein level and facilitates IFN regulatory factor 7 transcript decay at the mRNA level, thus abrogating cellular IFN induction to promote virus replication. Whereas HERC7 is a putative E3 ligase, the E3 ligase activity is not required for its negative regulatory function. These results demonstrate that the ongoing expansion of the small HERC family generates a novel HERC7 to fine-tune fish IFN antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ling Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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11
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The Neuropeptide-Related HERC5/TAC1 Interactions May Be Associated with the Dysregulation of lncRNA GAS5 Expression in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Exosomes. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8075285. [PMID: 35178132 PMCID: PMC8847027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8075285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective The goal of this work was to look at the expression and probable role of exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as forecast the importance of its interaction with neuropeptides in the progression of the disease. Methods We divided 44 pregnant women visiting the obstetric outpatient clinics at the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College from January 2021 to December 2021 into healthy and GDM groups. We measured the expression levels of the lncRNA GAS5 in peripheral blood using PCR and compared the expression levels between the 2 groups. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the R software were used to analyse the differences in the genes expressed in the amniotic fluid cells in the GDM and normal groups. catRAPID was used to identify potential target proteins for GAS5. Key neuropeptide-related proteins and potential target proteins of GAS5 were extracted, and protein interaction networks were mapped. AlphaFold 2 was used to predict the structure of the target protein. The ClusPro tool was used to predict protein-protein interactions. ZDOCK was used to further confirm the protein–nucleic acid docking. Results The lncRNA GAS5 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of pregnant women with GDM compared with normal pregnant women. The subcellular localization sites of GAS5 were the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosome; in addition, GAS5 was present in exosomes. Intercellular interactions, including neuropeptide receptors, were increased in the amniotic fluid cells of patients with GDM. Venn diagram analysis yielded seven neuropeptide-related proteins and three GAS5 target proteins. Among them, HERC5/TAC1 interacted and GAS5 docked well with HERC5. Conclusion The lncRNA GAS5 in the peripheral blood exosomes in patients with GDM may be a new target for the detection of GDM, and the interaction between GAS5 and HERC5/TAC1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM.
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12
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Paparisto E, Hunt NR, Labach DS, Coleman MD, Di Gravio EJ, Dodge MJ, Friesen NJ, Côté M, Müller A, Hoenen T, Barr SD. Interferon-Induced HERC5 Inhibits Ebola Virus Particle Production and Is Antagonized by Ebola Glycoprotein. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092399. [PMID: 34572049 PMCID: PMC8472148 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival following Ebola virus (EBOV) infection correlates with the ability to mount an early and robust interferon (IFN) response. The host IFN-induced proteins that contribute to controlling EBOV replication are not fully known. Among the top genes with the strongest early increases in expression after infection in vivo is IFN-induced HERC5. Using a transcription- and replication-competent VLP system, we showed that HERC5 inhibits EBOV virus-like particle (VLP) replication by depleting EBOV mRNAs. The HERC5 RCC1-like domain was necessary and sufficient for this inhibition and did not require zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Moreover, we showed that EBOV (Zaire) glycoprotein (GP) but not Marburg virus GP antagonized HERC5 early during infection. Our data identify a novel ‘protagonist–antagonistic’ relationship between HERC5 and GP in the early stages of EBOV infection that could be exploited for the development of novel antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermela Paparisto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (N.R.H.); (D.S.L.); (M.D.C.); (E.J.D.G.); (M.J.D.); (N.J.F.)
| | - Nina R. Hunt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (N.R.H.); (D.S.L.); (M.D.C.); (E.J.D.G.); (M.J.D.); (N.J.F.)
| | - Daniel S. Labach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (N.R.H.); (D.S.L.); (M.D.C.); (E.J.D.G.); (M.J.D.); (N.J.F.)
| | - Macon D. Coleman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (N.R.H.); (D.S.L.); (M.D.C.); (E.J.D.G.); (M.J.D.); (N.J.F.)
| | - Eric J. Di Gravio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (N.R.H.); (D.S.L.); (M.D.C.); (E.J.D.G.); (M.J.D.); (N.J.F.)
| | - Mackenzie J. Dodge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (N.R.H.); (D.S.L.); (M.D.C.); (E.J.D.G.); (M.J.D.); (N.J.F.)
| | - Nicole J. Friesen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (N.R.H.); (D.S.L.); (M.D.C.); (E.J.D.G.); (M.J.D.); (N.J.F.)
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Roger-Guindon Hall Room 4214, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 , Canada;
| | - Andreas Müller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald—Insel Riems, Germany; (A.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald—Insel Riems, Germany; (A.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Stephen D. Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (N.R.H.); (D.S.L.); (M.D.C.); (E.J.D.G.); (M.J.D.); (N.J.F.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Lu YZ, Li Y, Zhang T, Han ST. Claudin-6 is down-regulated in gastric cancer and its potential pathway. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:329-340. [PMID: 32390606 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Claudins are indispensible in modulating the permeability of epithelial and endothelial cells and in the maintenance of cell polarity. In order to verify the function of claudin-6 in the development of gastric cancer, we investigated claudin-6 expression in different gastric disease tissues. Moreover, we further explored whether overexpression of claudin-6 altered proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasiveness, differentiation in BGC-823 cells and the potential mechanism. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the in situ expression of claudin-6 in different gastric disease tissues; moreover, cell culture, real-time PCR and western blot were used to evaluate the effect of overexpression of claudin-6 in vitro and the related mechanism. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the positivity of claudin-6 was significantly higher in superficial gastritis than that in gastric cancer. Overexpression of claudin-6 induced differentiation of BGC-823 cells by inhibiting the JNK pathway. However, it had no effect on proliferation, apoptosis, migration or invasiveness in vitro. The expression of claudin-6 was decreased in gastric cancer. Overexpression of claudin-6 induced differentiation of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Zhu Lu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Digestive Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Tang Han
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Southey BR, Zhang P, Keever MR, Rymut HE, Johnson RW, Sweedler JV, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Effects of maternal immune activation in porcine transcript isoforms of neuropeptide and receptor genes. J Integr Neurosci 2021; 20:21-31. [PMID: 33834688 PMCID: PMC8103820 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin.2021.01.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged effects of maternal immune activation in response stressors during gestation on the offspring's molecular pathways after birth are beginning to be understood. An association between maternal immune activation and neurodevelopmental and behavior disorders such as autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders has been detected in long-term gene dysregulation. The incidence of alternative splicing among neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptor genes, critical cell-cell signaling molecules, associated with behavior may compromise the replicability of reported maternal immune activation effects at the gene level. This study aims to advance the understanding of the effect of maternal immune activation on transcript isoforms of the neuropeptide system (including neuropeptide, receptor and connecting pathway genes) underlying behavior disorders later in life. Recognizing the wide range of bioactive peptides and functional receptors stemming from alternative splicing, we studied the effects of maternal immune activation at the transcript isoform level on the hippocampus and amygdala of three-week-old pigs exposed to maternal immune activation due to viral infection during gestation. In the hippocampus and amygdala, 29 and 9 transcript isoforms, respectively, had maternal immune activation effects (P-value < 0.01). We demonstrated that the study of the effect of maternal immune activation on neuropeptide systems at the isoform level is necessary to expose opposite effects among transcript isoforms from the same gene. Genes were maternal immune activation effects have also been associated with neurodevelopmental and behavior disorders. The characterization of maternal immune activation effects at the transcript isoform level advances the understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders and identifies precise therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA
| | - Pan Zhang
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA
| | - Marissa R Keever
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA
| | - Haley E Rymut
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA.,Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA
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15
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More than Meets the ISG15: Emerging Roles in the DNA Damage Response and Beyond. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111557. [PMID: 33203188 PMCID: PMC7698331 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability is a crucial priority for any organism. To meet this priority, robust signalling networks exist to facilitate error-free DNA replication and repair. These signalling cascades are subject to various regulatory post-translational modifications that range from simple additions of chemical moieties to the conjugation of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs). Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) is one such UBL. While classically thought of as a component of antiviral immunity, ISG15 has recently emerged as a regulator of genome stability, with key roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) to modulate p53 signalling and error-free DNA replication. Additional proteomic analyses and cancer-focused studies hint at wider-reaching, uncharacterised functions for ISG15 in genome stability. We review these recent discoveries and highlight future perspectives to increase our understanding of this multifaceted UBL in health and disease.
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16
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Oo JA, Irmer B, Günther S, Warwick T, Pálfi K, Izquierdo Ponce J, Teichmann T, Pflüger-Müller B, Gilsbach R, Brandes RP, Leisegang MS. ZNF354C is a transcriptional repressor that inhibits endothelial angiogenic sprouting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19079. [PMID: 33154469 PMCID: PMC7645770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZNF) are a large group of transcription factors with diverse functions. We recently discovered that endothelial cells harbour a specific mechanism to limit the action of ZNF354C, whose function in endothelial cells is unknown. Given that ZNF354C has so far only been studied in bone and tumour, its function was determined in endothelial cells. ZNF354C is expressed in vascular cells and localises to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression of ZNF354C in human endothelial cells results in a marked inhibition of endothelial sprouting. RNA-sequencing of human microvascular endothelial cells with and without overexpression of ZNF354C revealed that the protein is a potent transcriptional repressor. ZNF354C contains an active KRAB domain which mediates this suppression as shown by mutagenesis analysis. ZNF354C interacts with dsDNA, TRIM28 and histones, as observed by proximity ligation and immunoprecipitation. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that the ZNF binds to specific endothelial-relevant target-gene promoters. ZNF354C suppresses these genes as shown by CRISPR/Cas knockout and RNAi. Inhibition of endothelial sprouting by ZNF354C is dependent on the amino acids DV and MLE of the KRAB domain. These results demonstrate that ZNF354C is a repressive transcription factor which acts through a KRAB domain to inhibit endothelial angiogenic sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Oo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Barnabas Irmer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katalin Pálfi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Judit Izquierdo Ponce
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tom Teichmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beatrice Pflüger-Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany.
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17
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Proulx J, Borgmann K, Park IW. Post-translational modifications inducing proteasomal degradation to counter HIV-1 infection. Virus Res 2020; 289:198142. [PMID: 32882242 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are integral to regulating a wide variety of cellular processes in eukaryotic cells, such as regulation of protein stability, alteration of celluar location, protein activity modulation, and regulation of protein interactions. HIV-1, like other eukaryotic viruses, and its infected host exploit the proteasomal degradation system for their respective proliferation and survival, using various PTMs, including but not limited to ubiquitination, SUMOylation, NEDDylation, interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)ylation. Essentially all viral proteins within the virions -- and in the HIV-1-infected cells -- interact with their cellular counterparts for this degradation, utilizing ubiquitin (Ub), and the Ub-like (Ubl) modifiers less frequently, to eliminate the involved proteins throughout the virus life cycle, from the entry step to release of the assembled virus particles. Such interplay is pivotal for, on the one hand, the cell to restrict proliferation of the infecting virus, and on the other, for molecular counteraction by the virus to overcome this cellular protein-imposed restriction. Recent reports indicate that not only viral/cellular proteins but also viral/viral protein interactions play vital roles in regulating viral protein stability. We hence give an overview of the molecular processes of PTMs involved in proteasomal degradation of the viral and cellular proteins, and the viral/viral and viral/cellular protein interplay in restriction and competition for HIV-1 vs. host cell survival. Insights in this realm could open new avenues for developing therapeutics against HIV-1 via targeting specific steps of the proteasome degradation pathway during the HIV-1 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Proulx
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States
| | - Kathleen Borgmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States
| | - In-Woo Park
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States.
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18
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Keever MR, Zhang P, Bolt CR, Antonson AM, Rymut HE, Caputo MP, Houser AK, Hernandez AG, Southey BR, Rund LA, Johnson RW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Lasting and Sex-Dependent Impact of Maternal Immune Activation on Molecular Pathways of the Amygdala. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:774. [PMID: 32848554 PMCID: PMC7431923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged and sex-dependent impact of maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation on the molecular pathways of the amygdala, a brain region that influences social, emotional, and other behaviors, is only partially understood. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of viral-elicited MIA during gestation on the amygdala transcriptome of pigs, a species of high molecular and developmental homology to humans. Gene expression levels were measured using RNA-Seq on the amygdala for 3-week-old female and male offspring from MIA and control groups. Among the 403 genes that exhibited significant MIA effect, a prevalence of differentially expressed genes annotated to the neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway, glutamatergic functions, neuropeptide systems, and cilium morphogenesis were uncovered. Genes in these categories included corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2, glutamate metabotropic receptor 4, glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide, parathyroid hormone 1 receptor, vasointestinal peptide receptor 2, neurotensin, proenkephalin, and gastrin-releasing peptide. These categories and genes have been associated with the MIA-related human neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Gene network reconstruction highlighted differential vulnerability to MIA effects between sexes. Our results advance the understanding necessary for the development of multifactorial therapies targeting immune modulation and neurochemical dysfunction that can ameliorate the effects of MIA on offspring behavior later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa R Keever
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Pan Zhang
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Courtni R Bolt
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Adrienne M Antonson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Haley E Rymut
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Megan P Caputo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alexandra K Houser
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alvaro G Hernandez
- High-throughput Sequencing and Genotyping Unit, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Laurie A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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19
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Ju Z, Jiang Q, Wang J, Wang X, Yang C, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Gao Y, Wei X, Hou M, Huang J. Genome-wide methylation and transcriptome of blood neutrophils reveal the roles of DNA methylation in affecting transcription of protein-coding genes and miRNAs in E. coli-infected mastitis cows. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:102. [PMID: 32000686 PMCID: PMC6993440 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils are the first effectors of inflammatory response triggered by mastitis infection, and are important defense cells against pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). DNA methylation, as a critical epigenetic mechanism for regulating gene function, is involved in bovine mastitis. Results In this study, we sequenced the blood neutrophils of healthy and E. coli-infected mastitic half-sib cows for the overall DNA methylation levels using transcriptome sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. The methylation levels in the mastitis cows (MCs) were decreased compared with healthy cows (HCs). A total of 494 differentially methylated regions were identified, among which 61 were up-methylated and 433 were down-methylated (MCs vs. HCs). The expression levels of 1094 differentially expressed genes were up-regulated, and 245 genes were down-regulated. Twenty-nine genes were found in methylation and transcription data, among which seven genes’ promoter methylation levels were negatively correlated with expression levels, and 11 genes were differentially methylated in the exon regions. The bisulfite sequencing PCR and quantitative real-time PCR validation results demonstrated that the promoter methylation of CITED2 and SLC40A1 genes affected differential expression. The methylation of LGR4 exon 5 regulated its own alternative splicing. The promoter methylation of bta-miR-15a has an indirect effect on the expression of its target gene CD163. The CITED2, SLC40A1, and LGR4 genes can be used as candidates for E. coli-induced mastitis resistance. Conclusions This study explored the roles of DNA methylation in affecting transcription of protein-coding genes and miRNAs in E. coli-induced mastitis, thereby helping explain the function of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of mastitis and provided new target genes and epigenetic markers for mastitis resistance breeding in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ju
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaran Zhang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochao Wei
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghai Hou
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Center of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Huang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250131, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Center of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Li Z, Chen H, Fang M, Xiao P, Xu Y. An interaction between BRG1 and histone modifying enzymes mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokines in vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13216-13225. [PMID: 30891798 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is the culprit for a host of human diseases. The underlying mechanism, however, is not definitively elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the interplay between different epigenetic factors during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in cultured vascular endothelial cells. We report that in response to LPS treatment, NF-κB was deplored to its target promoters along with the chromatin remodeling protein BRG1. Paralleling these changes trimethylated H3K9 became erased from while trimethylated H3K4 started to accumulate on the NF-κB target promoters. Further analysis revealed that LPS stimulation resulted in sequential recruitment of the H3K9 tri-demethylase JMJD2A and the H3K4 trimethyltransferase SET1A to the NF-κB target promoters. JMJD2A mediated-H3K9 demethylation served as a prerequisite for SET1A to bind to the NF-κB target promoters. Both JMJD2A and SET1A were essential for LPS-induced transactivation of proinflammatory cytokines by sustaining the binding of NF-κB. Of key importance, BRG1 coordinated the sequential recruit of and the interplay between JMJD2A and SET1A. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel epigenetic mechanism that contributes to LPS-induced vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital to Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yibiao Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing MedicalUniversity, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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21
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Langer S, Hammer C, Hopfensperger K, Klein L, Hotter D, De Jesus PD, Herbert KM, Pache L, Smith N, van der Merwe JA, Chanda SK, Fellay J, Kirchhoff F, Sauter D. HIV-1 Vpu is a potent transcriptional suppressor of NF-κB-elicited antiviral immune responses. eLife 2019; 8:41930. [PMID: 30717826 PMCID: PMC6372280 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viral pathogens target innate sensing cascades and/or cellular transcription factors to suppress antiviral immune responses. Here, we show that the accessory viral protein U (Vpu) of HIV-1 exerts broad immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Global transcriptional profiling of infected CD4 +T cells revealed that vpu-deficient HIV-1 strains induce substantially stronger immune responses than the respective wild type viruses. Gene set enrichment analyses and cytokine arrays showed that Vpu suppresses the expression of NF-κB targets including interferons and restriction factors. Mutational analyses demonstrated that this immunosuppressive activity of Vpu is independent of its ability to counteract the restriction factor and innate sensor tetherin. However, Vpu-mediated inhibition of immune activation required an arginine residue in the cytoplasmic domain that is critical for blocking NF-κB signaling downstream of tetherin. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HIV-1 Vpu potently suppresses NF-κB-elicited antiviral immune responses at the transcriptional level. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (or HIV for short) has infected more than 70 million people worldwide. Although effective therapies exist to prevent the replication of the virus and the development to AIDS, there is no cure or vaccine, and the virus still spreads efficiently in human populations, infecting about 1.8 million new people every year. The unfortunate success of HIV can in part be explained by several viral proteins that trick our immune system and enable the virus to persist at high levels in the human body. For example, an HIV protein called viral protein U (Vpu) prevents infected cells from producing alarm signals such as interferons, which usually help healthy, uninfected cells to defend themselves against viruses. However, the extent to which Vpu interferes with interferons and other proteins involved in immune responses has remained unclear. To address this question, Langer, Hammer, Hopfensperger et al. compared how different variants of HIV affect immune responses in human cells. The experiments showed that cells infected with HIV variants lacking Vpu released larger amounts of interferons and other cellular proteins that are involved in immune responses compared to HIV variants with Vpu. Further experiments showed that Vpu works by inhibiting the activation of a protein called NF-κB, which usually switches on genes that encode interferons and many other proteins involved in immune responses. These findings demonstrate that Vpu has a broader impact on the human immune response than previously thought. In order to multiply efficiently, HIV initially requires the NF-κB protein to be active. Therefore, when NF-κB is inactive, HIV may adopt a dormant state that prevents current antiviral drug treatments from eradicating the virus in the human body. In the future, developing new drugs that can activate dormant HIV particles may therefore have the potential to help cure HIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Langer
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Christian Hammer
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Klein
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Hotter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul D De Jesus
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Kristina M Herbert
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Lars Pache
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Nikaïa Smith
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sumit K Chanda
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Evolution-Guided Structural and Functional Analyses of the HERC Family Reveal an Ancient Marine Origin and Determinants of Antiviral Activity. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00528-18. [PMID: 29669830 PMCID: PMC6002735 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00528-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) and regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1)-like domain-containing protein 5 (HERC5) is an interferon-induced protein that inhibits replication of evolutionarily diverse viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To better understand the origin, evolution, and function of HERC5, we performed phylogenetic, structural, and functional analyses of the entire human small-HERC family, which includes HERC3, HERC4, HERC5, and HERC6. We demonstrated that the HERC family emerged >595 million years ago and has undergone gene duplication and gene loss events throughout its evolution. The structural topology of the RCC1-like domain and HECT domains from all HERC paralogs is highly conserved among evolutionarily diverse vertebrates despite low sequence homology. Functional analyses showed that the human small HERCs exhibit different degrees of antiviral activity toward HIV-1 and that HERC5 provides the strongest inhibition. Notably, coelacanth HERC5 inhibited simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), but not HIV-1, particle production, suggesting that the antiviral activity of HERC5 emerged over 413 million years ago and exhibits species- and virus-specific restriction. In addition, we showed that both HERC5 and HERC6 are evolving under strong positive selection, particularly blade 1 of the RCC1-like domain, which we showed is a key determinant of antiviral activity. These studies provide insight into the origin, evolution, and biological importance of the human restriction factor HERC5 and the other HERC family members. IMPORTANCE Intrinsic immunity plays an important role as the first line of defense against viruses. Studying the origins, evolution, and functions of proteins responsible for effecting this defense will provide key information about virus-host relationships that can be exploited for future drug development. We showed that HERC5 is one such antiviral protein that belongs to an evolutionarily conserved family of HERCs with an ancient marine origin. Not all vertebrates possess all HERC members, suggesting that different HERCs emerged at different times during evolution to provide the host with a survival advantage. Consistent with this, two of the more recently emerged HERC members, HERC5 and HERC6, displayed strong signatures of having been involved in an ancient evolutionary battle with viruses. Our findings provide new insights into the evolutionary origin and function of the HERC family in vertebrate evolution, identifying HERC5 and possibly HERC6 as important effectors of intrinsic immunity in vertebrates.
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23
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Asiedu MK, Thomas CF, Dong J, Schulte SC, Khadka P, Sun Z, Kosari F, Jen J, Molina J, Vasmatzis G, Kuang R, Aubry MC, Yang P, Wigle DA. Pathways Impacted by Genomic Alterations in Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1691-1704. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Cubillos-Rojas M, Schneider T, Hadjebi O, Pedrazza L, de Oliveira JR, Langa F, Guénet JL, Duran J, de Anta JM, Alcántara S, Ruiz R, Pérez-Villegas EM, Aguilar-Montilla FJ, Carrión ÁM, Armengol JA, Baple E, Crosby AH, Bartrons R, Ventura F, Rosa JL. The HERC2 ubiquitin ligase is essential for embryonic development and regulates motor coordination. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56083-56106. [PMID: 27528230 PMCID: PMC5302898 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutation in the HERC2 gene has been linked to a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with similarities to the Angelman syndrome. This gene codifies a protein with ubiquitin ligase activity that regulates the activity of tumor protein p53 and is involved in important cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle, cancer, and iron metabolism. Despite the critical role of HERC2 in these physiological and pathological processes, little is known about its relevance in vivo. Here, we described a mouse with targeted inactivation of the Herc2 gene. Homozygous mice were not viable. Distinct from other ubiquitin ligases that interact with p53, such as MDM2 or MDM4, p53 depletion did not rescue the lethality of homozygous mice. The HERC2 protein levels were reduced by approximately one-half in heterozygous mice. Consequently, HERC2 activities, including ubiquitin ligase and stimulation of p53 activity, were lower in heterozygous mice. A decrease in HERC2 activities was also observed in human skin fibroblasts from individuals with an Angelman-like syndrome that express an unstable mutant protein of HERC2. Behavioural analysis of heterozygous mice identified an impaired motor synchronization with normal neuromuscular function. This effect was not observed in p53 knockout mice, indicating that a mechanism independent of p53 activity is involved. Morphological analysis showed the presence of HERC2 in Purkinje cells and a specific loss of these neurons in the cerebella of heterozygous mice. In these animals, an increase of autophagosomes and lysosomes was observed. Our findings establish a crucial role of HERC2 in embryonic development and motor coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Taiane Schneider
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ouadah Hadjebi
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pedrazza
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francina Langa
- Département de Biologie du Développement, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guénet
- Département de Biologie du Développement, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Joan Duran
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria de Anta
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Alcántara
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocio Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva María Pérez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ángel M Carrión
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Armengol
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emma Baple
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Exeter, UK
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Hotter D, Kirchhoff F. Interferons and beyond: Induction of antiretroviral restriction factors. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:465-477. [PMID: 29345347 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0717-307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral restriction factors are structurally and functionally diverse cellular proteins that play a key role in the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Although many cell types constitutively express restriction factors at low levels, their induction in response to viral exposure and replication is often required for potent control and repulse of the invading pathogens. It is well established that type I IFNs efficiently induce antiviral restriction factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that other types of IFN, as well as specific cytokines, such as IL-27, and other activators of the cell are also capable of enhancing the expression of restriction factors and hence to establish an antiviral cellular state. Agents that efficiently induce restriction factors, increase their activity, and/or render them resistant against viral antagonists without causing general inflammation and significant side effects hold some promise for novel therapeutic or preventive strategies. In the present review, we summarize some of the current knowledge on the induction of antiretroviral restriction factors and perspectives for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hotter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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26
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Park YS, Kwon YJ, Chun YJ. CYP1B1 Activates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling through Suppression of Herc5-Mediated ISGylation for Protein Degradation on β-Catenin in HeLa Cells. Toxicol Res 2017; 33:211-218. [PMID: 28744352 PMCID: PMC5523555 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) acts as a hydroxylase for estrogen and activates potential carcinogens. Moreover, its expression in tumor tissues is much higher than that in normal tissues. Despite this association between CYP1B1 and cancer, the detailed molecular mechanism of CYP1B1 on cancer progression in HeLa cells remains unknown. Previous reports indicated that the mRNA expression level of Herc5, an E3 ligase for ISGylation, is promoted by CYP1B1 suppression using specific small interfering RNA, and that ISGylation may be involved in ubiquitination related to β-catenin degradation. With this background, we investigated the relationships among CYP1B1, Herc5, and β-catenin. RT-PCR and western blot analyses showed that CYP1B1 overexpression induced and CYP1B1 inhibition reduced, respectively, the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling target genes including β-catenin and cyclin D1. Moreover, HeLa cells were treated with the CYP1B1 inducer 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) or the CYP1B1 specific inhibitor, tetramethoxystilbene (TMS) and consequently DMBA increased and TMS decreased β-catenin and cyclin D1 expression, respectively. To determine the correlation between CYP1B1 expression and ISGylation, the expression of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein, was detected following CYP1B1 regulation, which revealed that CYP1B1 may inhibit ISGylation through suppression of ISG15 expression. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Herc5 were strongly suppressed by CYP1B1. Finally, an immunoprecipitation assay revealed a direct physical interaction between Herc5 and β-catenin in HeLa cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that CYP1B1 may activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling through stabilization of β-catenin protein from Herc5-mediated ISGylation for proteosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Sánchez-Tena S, Cubillos-Rojas M, Schneider T, Rosa JL. Functional and pathological relevance of HERC family proteins: a decade later. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1955-68. [PMID: 26801221 PMCID: PMC11108380 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The HERC gene family encodes proteins with two characteristic domains in their sequence: the HECT domain and the RCC1-like domain (RLD). In humans, the HERC family comprises six members that can be divided into two groups based on their molecular mass and domain structure. Whereas large HERCs (HERC1 and HERC2) contain one HECT and more than one RLD, small HERCs (HERC3-6) possess single HECT and RLD domains. Accumulating evidence shows the HERC family proteins to be key components of a wide range of cellular functions, including neurodevelopment, DNA damage repair, cell growth and immune response. Considering the significant recent advances made regarding HERC functionality, an updated review summarizing the progress is greatly needed at 10 years since the last HERC review. We provide an integrated view of HERC function and go into detail about its implications for several human diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sánchez-Tena
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Taiane Schneider
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Hochrainer K, Pejanovic N, Olaseun VA, Zhang S, Iadecola C, Anrather J. The ubiquitin ligase HERC3 attenuates NF-κB-dependent transcription independently of its enzymatic activity by delivering the RelA subunit for degradation. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9889-904. [PMID: 26476452 PMCID: PMC4787756 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of NF-κB-dependent transcription represents an important hallmark of inflammation. While the acute inflammatory response is per se beneficial, it can become deleterious if its spatial and temporal profile is not tightly controlled. Classically, NF-κB activity is limited by cytoplasmic retention of the NF-κB dimer through binding to inhibitory IκB proteins. However, increasing evidence suggests that NF-κB activity can also be efficiently contained by direct ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits. Here, we identify the HECT-domain ubiquitin ligase HERC3 as novel negative regulator of NF-κB activity. We find that HERC3 restricts NF-κB nuclear import and DNA binding without affecting IκBα degradation. Instead HERC3 indirectly binds to the NF-κB RelA subunit after liberation from IκBα inhibitor leading to its ubiquitination and protein destabilization. Remarkably, the regulation of RelA activity by HERC3 is independent of its inherent ubiquitin ligase activity. Rather, we show that HERC3 and RelA are part of a multi-protein complex containing the proteasome as well as the ubiquitin-like protein ubiquilin-1 (UBQLN1). We present evidence that HERC3 and UBQLN1 provide a link between NF-κB RelA and the 26S proteasome, thereby facilitating RelA protein degradation. Our findings establish HERC3 as novel candidate regulating the inflammatory response initiated by NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hochrainer
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Nadja Pejanovic
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10065, USA Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Apartado 14, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Life Sciences Biotechnologies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10065, USA
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Identification of HERC5 and its potential role in NSCLC progression. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2264-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kim SJ, Kim SY, Kim JH, Kim DJ. Effects of smoking cessation on gene expression in human leukocytes of chronic smoker. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:290-6. [PMID: 25110502 PMCID: PMC4124188 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.3.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risks of cigarette smoking concerning higher systemic disease mortality are lessened by smoking cessation. METHODS Microarray analysis compared the expression profiles of smokers who were successful and not successful at smoking cessation, with the goal of identifying genes that might serve as potential biomarkers or that might be valuable in elucidating distinct biological mechanisms. The mRNAs were isolated and compared from peripheral leukocytes of six smokers who were successful in cessation and six smokers who failed in smoking cessation. RESULTS Two hundred ninety nine genes displayed significantly different expression; 196 genes were up-regulated and 103 genes were down-regulated in the success group compared to the failure group. Twenty four of these genes were identified with biological processes including immunity, cytoskeleton and cell growth/cycle. Real-time PCR confirmed the differential gene expression. The mRNA levels of HEPACAM family member 2 (HEPACAM2) and tropomodulin 1 (TMOD1) were significantly more expressed in the success group, while the mRNA ubiquitin specific peptides 18 (USP18) were significantly less expressed in the success group compared to the failure group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that smoking cessation can modulate cell adhesion and immune response by regulating expression levels of genes, especially HEPACAM2, TMOD1 and USP18, which have an important relationship with smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwa Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cubillos-Rojas M, Amair-Pinedo F, Peiró-Jordán R, Bartrons R, Ventura F, Rosa JL. The E3 ubiquitin protein ligase HERC2 modulates the activity of tumor protein p53 by regulating its oligomerization. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14782-95. [PMID: 24722987 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.527978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that coordinates the cellular response to several kinds of stress. p53 inactivation is an important step in tumor progression. Oligomerization of p53 is critical for its posttranslational modification and its ability to regulate the transcription of target genes necessary to inhibit tumor growth. Here we report that the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC2 interacts with p53. This interaction involves the CPH domain of HERC2 (a conserved domain within Cul7, PARC, and HERC2 proteins) and the last 43 amino acid residues of p53. Through this interaction, HERC2 regulates p53 activity. RNA interference experiments showed how HERC2 depletion reduces the transcriptional activity of p53 without affecting its stability. This regulation of p53 activity by HERC2 is independent of proteasome or MDM2 activity. Under these conditions, up-regulation of cell growth and increased focus formation were observed, showing the functional relevance of the HERC2-p53 interaction. This interaction was maintained after DNA damage caused by the chemotherapeutic drug bleomycin. In these stressed cells, p53 phosphorylation was not impaired by HERC2 knockdown. Interestingly, p53 mutations that affect its tetramerization domain disrupted the HERC2-p53 interaction, suggesting a role for HERC2 in p53 oligomerization. This regulatory role was shown using cross-linking assays. Thus, the inhibition of p53 activity after HERC2 depletion can be attributed to a reduction in p53 oligomerization. Ectopic expression of HERC2 (residues 2292-2923) confirmed these observations. Together, these results identify HERC2 as a novel regulator of p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Fabiola Amair-Pinedo
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Roser Peiró-Jordán
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
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Woods MW, Tong JG, Tom SK, Szabo PA, Cavanagh PC, Dikeakos JD, Haeryfar SMM, Barr SD. Interferon-induced HERC5 is evolving under positive selection and inhibits HIV-1 particle production by a novel mechanism targeting Rev/RRE-dependent RNA nuclear export. Retrovirology 2014; 11:27. [PMID: 24693865 PMCID: PMC4021598 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I interferon (IFN) inhibits virus replication by activating multiple antiviral mechanisms and pathways. It has long been recognized that type I IFNs can potently block HIV-1 replication in vitro; as such, HIV-1 has been used as a system to identify and characterize IFN-induced antiviral proteins responsible for this block. IFN-induced HERC5 contains an amino-terminal Regulator of Chromosome Condensation 1 (RCC1)-like domain and a carboxyl-terminal Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus (HECT) domain. HERC5 is the main cellular E3 ligase that conjugates the IFN-induced protein ISG15 to proteins. This E3 ligase activity was previously shown to inhibit the replication of evolutionarily diverse viruses, including HIV-1. The contribution of the RCC1-like domain to the antiviral activity of HERC5 was previously unknown. RESULTS In this study, we showed that HERC5 inhibits HIV-1 particle production by a second distinct mechanism that targets the nuclear export of Rev/RRE-dependent RNA. Unexpectedly, the E3 ligase activity of HERC5 was not required for this inhibition. Instead, this activity required the amino-terminal RCC1-like domain of HERC5. Inhibition correlated with a reduction in intracellular RanGTP protein levels and/or the ability of RanGTP to interact with RanBP1. Inhibition also correlated with altered subcellular localization of HIV-1 Rev. In addition, we demonstrated that positive evolutionary selection is operating on HERC5. We identified a region in the RCC1-like domain that exhibits an exceptionally high probability of having evolved under positive selection and showed that this region is required for HERC5-mediated inhibition of nuclear export. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a second distinct mechanism by which HERC5 inhibits HIV-1 replication and demonstrate that HERC5 is evolving under strong positive selection. Together, our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting that HERC5 is a novel host restriction factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Dominic Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Sciences Building Room 3006b, The University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Human Immunology, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Zhang FY, Tang NH, Wang XQ, Li XJ, Chen YL. Simultaneous recovery of dual pathways for ammonia metabolism do not improve further detoxification of ammonia in HepG2 cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2013; 12:525-32. [PMID: 24103284 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(13)60083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Key enzyme deficiency in the dual-pathway of ammonia metabolism leads to low detoxification capacity of HepG2 cells. Previously, we established a HepG2/AFhGS cell line with overexpression of human glutamine synthetase (hGS) in pathway 1 and a HepG2/(hArgI+hOTC)4 cell line with overexpression of human arginase I (hArgI) and human ornithine transcarbamylase (hOTC) in pathway 2. The present study aimed to investigate whether simultaneous recovery of the two pathways contributes to the further improvement of ammonia detoxification in HepG2 cells. METHODS We adopted a recombinant retrovirus carrying the hGS gene to infect HepG2/(hArgI+hOTC)4 cells and selected a new recombinant HepG2 cell line. The capacities of ammonia tolerance and detoxification in cells were detected by biochemical methods. Cell cycle PCR chip was used to assess the changes of gene expression. RESULTS Introducing hGS into HepG2/(hArgI+hOTC)4 cells did not lead to hGS overexpression, but inhibited hArgI expression. The levels of synthetic glutamine and urea in HepG2/(hArgI+hOTC+AFhGS)1 cells were significantly lower than those in HepG2/(hArgI+hOTC)4 cells when cultured in the medium with 10 and 15 mmol/L glutamate (Glu) and with 60 and 180 mmol/L NH4Cl, respectively. In addition, the comparison of different cell growth showed that HepG2/AFhGS cells significantly lagged behind the other cells by the 5th and 7th day, indicating that introduction of hGS impedes HepG2 cell proliferation. Analysis of the mechanism suggested that the decreased expression of BCL2 played an important role. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the recovery of two ammonia metabolic pathways in HepG2 cells is not helpful in increasing ammonia metabolism. The reinforcement of the pathway of urea metabolism is more important and valuable in improving the ammonia metabolism capacity in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yuan Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
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Matz RL, Erickson B, Vaidyanathan S, Kukowska-Latallo JF, Baker JR, Orr BG, Banaszak Holl MM. Polyplex exposure inhibits cell cycle, increases inflammatory response, and can cause protein expression without cell division. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1306-17. [PMID: 23458572 PMCID: PMC3637663 DOI: 10.1021/mp300470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the relationship between cell division and protein expression when using commercial poly(ethylenimine) (PEI)-based polyplexes. The membrane dye PKH26 was used to assess cell division, and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) was used to monitor protein expression. When analyzed at the whole population level, a greater number of cells divided than expressed protein, regardless of the level of protein expression observed, giving apparent consistency with the hypothesis that protein expression requires cells to pass through mitosis in order for the transgene to overcome the nuclear membrane. However, when the polyplex-exposed population was evaluated for the amount of division in the protein-expressing subpopulation, it was observed that substantial amounts of expression had occurred in the absence of division. Indeed, in HeLa S3 cells, this represented the majority of expressing cells. Of interest, the doubling time for both cell lines was slowed by ~2-fold upon exposure to polyplexes. This change was not altered by the origin of the plasmid DNA (pDNA) transgene promoter (cytomegalovirus (CMV) or elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α)). Gene expression arrays in polyplex-exposed HeLa S3 cells showed upregulation of cell cycle arrest genes and downregulation of genes related to mitosis. Chemokine, interleukin, and toll-like receptor genes were also upregulated, suggesting activation of proinflammatory pathways. In summary, we find evidence that a cell division-independent expression pathway exists, and that polyplex exposure slows cell division and increases inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Matz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Blake Erickson
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sriram Vaidyanathan
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jolanta F. Kukowska-Latallo
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - James R. Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bradford G. Orr
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mark M. Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Scheffner M, Kumar S. Mammalian HECT ubiquitin-protein ligases: biological and pathophysiological aspects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:61-74. [PMID: 23545411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Members of the HECT family of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases are characterized by a C-terminal HECT domain that catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to substrate proteins and by N-terminal extensions of variable length and domain architecture that determine the substrate spectrum of a respective HECT E3. Since their discovery in 1995, it has become clear that deregulation of distinct HECT E3s plays an eminent role in human disease or disease-related processes including cancer, cardiovascular and neurological disorders, viral infections, and immune response. Thus, a detailed understanding of the structure-function aspects of HECT E3s as well as the identification and characterization of the substrates and regulators of HECT E3s is critical in developing new approaches in the treatment of respective diseases. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about mammalian HECT E3s, with a focus on their biological functions and roles in pathophysiology.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Guest Editors: Thomas Sommer and Dieter H. Wolf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scheffner
- Department of Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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Proteasome inhibition decreases inflammation in human endothelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 60:381-9. [PMID: 22820895 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182657eec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteasome degrades ubiquitinated proteins and is the major pathway for intracellular protein degradation. The role of the proteasome in endothelial dysfunction observed in septic shock remains unknown. We stimulated primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and investigated effects on the proteasome. We hypothesized that proteasome inhibition would decrease endothelial cell activation, oxidative stress, and alter the proteome. METHODS Endothelial cells were exposed to LPS (100 ng/mL) for 6 hours with or without lactacystin (5 mM), a proteasome inhibitor. Proteasome content and ubiquitinated proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot, respectively. Markers of cellular activation, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, were measured by immunoblot and immunoassay. Superoxide anion production was determined by dihydroethidium assay, and nitrotyrosine (a marker of peroxynitrite) was visualized by immunofluoresence. The endothelial cell proteome was analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis. RESULTS LPS stimulation of endothelial cells significantly increased proteasome content, whereas the total levels of ubquitinated proteins decreased. This suggests that LPS activates the proteasome system in endothelial cells. LPS increased total content and cell surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, whereas proteasome inhibition ameliorated these increases. LPS increased both superoxide anion production and nitrotyrosine staining. Proteasome inhibition decreased both markers of cellular oxidative stress. Proteomic analysis identified two novel proteins upregulated by LPS and normalized with proteasome inhibition as follows: guanine nucleotide binding protein-1 and heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K transcript variant. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that inhibition of the proteasome diminishes a number of markers of cellular stress induced by LPS. The proteasome may be a promising therapeutic target in clinical situations of severe pro-inflammatory stress.
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Grau-Bové X, Sebé-Pedrós A, Ruiz-Trillo I. A genomic survey of HECT ubiquitin ligases in eukaryotes reveals independent expansions of the HECT system in several lineages. Genome Biol Evol 2013; 5:833-47. [PMID: 23563970 PMCID: PMC3673628 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of proteins by the ubiquitination pathway is an important regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes. To date, however, studies on the evolutionary history of the proteins involved in this pathway have been restricted to E1 and E2 enzymes, whereas E3 studies have been focused mainly in metazoans and plants. To have a wider perspective, here we perform a genomic survey of the HECT family of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, an important part of this posttranslational pathway, in genomes from representatives of all major eukaryotic lineages. We classify eukaryotic HECTs and reconstruct, by phylogenetic analysis, the putative repertoire of these proteins in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). Furthermore, we analyze the diversity and complexity of protein domain architectures of HECTs along the different extant eukaryotic lineages. Our data show that LECA had six different HECTs and that protein expansion and N-terminal domain diversification shaped HECT evolution. Our data reveal that the genomes of animals and unicellular holozoans considerably increased the molecular and functional diversity of their HECT system compared with other eukaryotes. Other eukaryotes, such as the Apusozoa Thecanomas trahens or the Heterokonta Phytophthora infestans, independently expanded their HECT repertoire. In contrast, plant, excavate, rhodophyte, chlorophyte, and fungal genomes have a more limited enzymatic repertoire. Our genomic survey and phylogenetic analysis clarifies the origin and evolution of different HECT families among eukaryotes and provides a useful phylogenetic framework for future evolutionary studies of this regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Grau-Bové
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arnau Sebé-Pedrós
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Woods MW, Kelly JN, Hattlmann CJ, Tong JGK, Xu LS, Coleman MD, Quest GR, Smiley JR, Barr SD. Human HERC5 restricts an early stage of HIV-1 assembly by a mechanism correlating with the ISGylation of Gag. Retrovirology 2011; 8:95. [PMID: 22093708 PMCID: PMC3228677 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification and characterization of several interferon (IFN)-induced cellular HIV-1 restriction factors, defined as host cellular proteins or factors that restrict or inhibit the HIV-1 life cycle, have provided insight into the IFN response towards HIV-1 infection and identified new therapeutic targets for HIV-1 infection. To further characterize the mechanism underlying restriction of the late stages of HIV-1 replication, we assessed the ability of IFNbeta-induced genes to restrict HIV-1 Gag particle production and have identified a potentially novel host factor called HECT domain and RCC1-like domain-containing protein 5 (HERC5) that blocks a unique late stage of the HIV-1 life cycle. Results HERC5 inhibited the replication of HIV-1 over multiple rounds of infection and was found to target a late stage of HIV-1 particle production. The E3 ligase activity of HERC5 was required for blocking HIV-1 Gag particle production and correlated with the post-translational modification of Gag with ISG15. HERC5 interacted with HIV-1 Gag and did not alter trafficking of HIV-1 Gag to the plasma membrane. Electron microscopy revealed that the assembly of HIV-1 Gag particles was arrested at the plasma membrane, at an early stage of assembly. The mechanism of HERC5-induced restriction of HIV-1 particle production is distinct from the mechanism underlying HIV-1 restriction by the expression of ISG15 alone, which acts at a later step in particle release. Moreover, HERC5 restricted murine leukemia virus (MLV) Gag particle production, showing that HERC5 is effective in restricting Gag particle production of an evolutionarily divergent retrovirus. Conclusions HERC5 represents a potential new host factor that blocks an early stage of retroviral Gag particle assembly. With no apparent HIV-1 protein that directly counteracts it, HERC5 may represent a new candidate for HIV/AIDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Woods
- The University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Sciences Building Room 3006b, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lee JE, Nam HY, Shim SM, Bae GR, Han BG, Jeon JP. Expression phenotype changes of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines during long-term subculture and its clinical significance. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:378-84. [PMID: 20590663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) is a useful resource for population-based human genetic and pharmacogenetic studies. The principal objective here was to assess expression phenotype changes during long-term subculture of LCLs, and its clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched for genes that were differentially expressed in 17 LCLs at late (p161) passage compared to early passage (p4) using microarray assay, then validated them by real-time RT-PCR analysis. In addition, we estimated correlations between expression phenotypes of 20 LCL strains at early passage and 23 quantitative clinical traits from blood donors of particular LCL strains. RESULTS Transcript sequences of 16 genes including nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway-related genes (such as PTPN13, HERC5 and miR-146a) and carcinogenesis-related genes (such as XAF1, TCL1A, PTPN13, CD38 and miR-146a) were differentially expressed (>2-fold change) in at least 15 of the 17 LCL strains. In particular, TC2N, FCRL5, CD180, CD38 and miR-146a were downregulated in all 17 of the evaluated LCL strains. In addition, we identified clinical trait-associated expression phenotypes in LCLs. CONCLUSION Our results showed that LCLs acquired expression phenotype changes involving expression of NF-kappaB pathway- and carcinogenesis-related genes during long-term subculture. These differentially expressed genes can be considered to be a gene signature of LCL immortalization or EBV-induced carcinogenesis. Clinical trait-associated expression phenotypes should prove useful in the discovery of new candidate genes for particular traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-E Lee
- Division of Biobank for Health Sciences, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea.
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Tang Y, Zhong G, Zhu L, Liu X, Shan Y, Feng H, Bu Z, Chen H, Wang C. Herc5 attenuates influenza A virus by catalyzing ISGylation of viral NS1 protein. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:5777-90. [PMID: 20385878 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15, which is robustly induced by IFN or virus, is implicated to inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) in vivo. But the underlying mechanism still remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that Herc5 could catalyze conjugation of ISG15 onto IAV-NS1 protein, the critical virulence factor of IAV. This modification produces two more species, respectively mapped to IAV-NS1 at lysine 20, 41, 217, 219, and 108, 110, and 126. The ISGylated IAV-NS1 fails to form homodimers and inhibits relevant antiviral processes. Knockdown of Herc5 or ISG15 could partially alleviate IFN-beta-induced antiviral activities against IAV, whereas ectopic expression of the Herc5-mediated ISGylation system could distinctly potentiate IFN-beta-induced antiviral effects against IAV. Notably, IAV-NS1s of H5N1 avian IAVs display less ISGylation species than that of IAV-PR8/34 (human H1N1). Consistently, IAV-PR8/34 mutants deprived of IAV-NS1's ISGylation exhibit augmented viral propagation and virulence in both cultured cells and mice. Our study reports the first microbial target of ISGylation and uncovers the direct antiviral function and mechanism of this novel modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuJie Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai
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Gao J, Wang HL, Shreve A, Iyer R. Fullerene derivatives induce premature senescence: A new toxicity paradigm or novel biomedical applications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 244:130-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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42
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Positive regulation of interferon regulatory factor 3 activation by Herc5 via ISG15 modification. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:2424-36. [PMID: 20308324 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01466-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection induces host antiviral responses, including induction of type I interferons. Transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) plays a pivotal role and is tightly regulated in this process. Here, we identify HERC5 (HECT domain and RLD 5) as a specific binding protein of IRF3 by immunoprecipitation. Ectopic expression or knockdown of HERC5 could, respectively, enhance or impair IRF3-mediated gene expression. Mechanistically, HERC5 catalyzes the conjugation of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 onto IRF3 (Lys193, -360, and -366), thus attenuating the interaction between Pin1 and IRF3, resulting in sustained IRF3 activation. In contrast to results for wild-type IRF3, the mutant IRF3(K193,360,366R) interacts tightly with Pin1, is highly polyubiquitinated, and becomes less stable upon Sendai virus (SeV) infection. Consistently, host antiviral responses are obviously boosted or crippled in the presence or absence of HERC5, respectively. Collectively, this study characterizes HERC5 as a positive regulator of innate antiviral responses. It sustains IRF3 activation via a novel posttranslational modification, ISGylation.
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Kurji KH, Cui JZ, Lin T, Harriman D, Prasad SS, Kojic L, Matsubara JA. Microarray analysis identifies changes in inflammatory gene expression in response to amyloid-beta stimulation of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 51:1151-63. [PMID: 19797223 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. The hypothesis was that in vitro stimulation of RPE cells with Abeta(1-40), a constituent of drusen, promotes changes in gene expression and cellular pathways associated with the pathogenesis of AMD, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis. METHODS Confluent human RPE cells were stimulated with Abeta(1-40), or the reverse peptide Abeta(40-1), and genome wide changes in gene expression were studied with gene microarrays. Selected genes were verified by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Pathway analysis with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and ingenuity revealed top functional pathways in RPE after Abeta(1-40) stimulation. RESULTS RPE cells stimulated with Abeta(1-40) (0.3 microM) for 24 hours resulted in 63 upregulated and 22 downregulated previously known genes. The upregulated genes were predominantly in inflammatory and immune response categories, but other categories were also represented, including apoptosis, cell signaling, cell proliferation, and signal transduction. Categories of downregulated genes included immune response, transporters, metabolic functions and transcription factors. ELISA confirmed that secreted levels of IL-8 were two times higher than control levels. GSEA and ingenuity analysis confirmed that the top affected pathways in RPE cells after Abeta(1-40) stimulation were inflammation and immune response related. Surprisingly, few angiogenic pathways were activated at the doses and exposure times studied. CONCLUSIONS Abeta(1-40) promotes RPE gene expression changes in pathways associated with immune response, inflammation, and cytokine and interferon signaling pathways. Results may relate to in vivo mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaliq H Kurji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
The ubiquitylation of proteins is carried out by E1, E2 and E3 (ubiquitin ligase) enzymes, and targets them for degradation or for other cellular fates. The HECT enzymes, including Nedd4 family members, are a major group of E3 enzymes that dictate the specificity of ubiquitylation. In addition to ubiquitylating proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, HECT E3 enzymes regulate the trafficking of many receptors, channels, transporters and viral proteins. The physiological functions of the yeast HECT E3 ligase Rsp5 are the best known, but the functions of HECT E3 enyzmes in metazoans are now becoming clearer from in vivo studies.
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Hadjebi O, Casas-Terradellas E, Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Rosa JL. The RCC1 superfamily: From genes, to function, to disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1467-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rodriguez CI, Stewart CL. Disruption of the ubiquitin ligase HERC4 causes defects in spermatozoon maturation and impaired fertility. Dev Biol 2007; 312:501-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Baltrons MA, Pifarré P, Berciano MT, Lafarga M, García A. LPS-induced down-regulation of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase in astrocytes occurs by proteasomal degradation in clastosomes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2007; 37:494-506. [PMID: 18083532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pro-inflammatory cytokines decreases NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (GC(NO)) activity in astrocytes by decreasing the half-life of the obligate GC(NO) beta1 subunit in a NO-independent but transcription- and translation-dependent process. Here we show that LPS-induced beta1 degradation requires proteasome activity and is independent of NFkappaB activation or beta1 interaction with HSP90. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy analysis revealed that LPS promotes colocalization of the predominantly soluble beta1 protein with ubiquitin and the 20S proteasome in nuclear aggregates that present characteristics of clastosomes, nuclear bodies involved in proteolysis via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Proteasome and protein synthesis inhibitors prevented LPS-induced clastosome assembly and nuclear colocalization of beta1 with ubiquitin and 20S proteasome, strongly supporting a role for these transient nuclear structures in GC(NO) down-regulation during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Antonia Baltrons
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine V. Villar Palasí, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Catic A, Fiebiger E, Korbel GA, Blom D, Galardy PJ, Ploegh HL. Screen for ISG15-crossreactive deubiquitinases. PLoS One 2007; 2:e679. [PMID: 17653289 PMCID: PMC1919423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The family of ubiquitin-like molecules (UbLs) comprises several members, each of which has sequence, structural, or functional similarity to ubiquitin. ISG15 is a homolog of ubiquitin in vertebrates and is strongly upregulated following induction by type I interferon. ISG15 can be covalently attached to proteins, analogous to ubiquitination and with actual support of ubiquitin conjugating factors. Specific proteases are able to reverse modification with ubiquitin or UbLs by hydrolyzing the covalent bond between their C-termini and substrate proteins. The tail regions of ubiquitin and ISG15 are identical and we therefore hypothesized that promiscuous deubiquitinating proteases (DUBs) might exist, capable of recognizing both ubiquitin and ISG15. Results We have cloned and expressed 22 human DUBs, representing the major clades of the USP protease family. Utilizing suicide inhibitors based on ubiquitin and ISG15, we have identified USP2, USP5 (IsoT1), USP13 (IsoT3), and USP14 as ISG15-reactive proteases, in addition to the bona fide ISG15-specific protease USP18 (UBP43). USP14 is a proteasome-associated DUB, and its ISG15 isopeptidase activity increases when complexed with the proteasome. Conclusions By evolutionary standards, ISG15 is a newcomer among the UbLs and it apparently not only utilizes the conjugating but also the deconjugating machinery of its more established relative ubiquitin. Functional overlap between these two posttranslational modifiers might therefore be more extensive than previously appreciated and explain the rather innocuous phenotype of ISG15 null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Catic
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- GI Cell Biology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Korbel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniël Blom
- Merck, Rahway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Galardy
- Mayo Clinic, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (PG); (HP)
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (PG); (HP)
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Takeuchi T, Inoue S, Yokosawa H. Identification and Herc5-mediated ISGylation of novel target proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:473-7. [PMID: 16884686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ISG15, a protein containing two ubiquitin-like domains, is an interferon-stimulated gene product that functions in antiviral response and is conjugated to various cellular proteins (ISGylation) upon interferon stimulation. ISGylation occurs via a pathway similar to the pathway for ubiquitination that requires the sequential action of E1/E2/E3: the E1 (UBE1L), E2 (UbcH8), and E3 (Efp/Herc5) enzymes for ISGylation have been hitherto identified. In this study, we identified six novel candidate target proteins for ISGylation by a proteomic approach. Four candidate target proteins were demonstrated to be ISGylated in UBE1L- and UbcH8-dependent manners, and ISGylation of the respective target proteins was stimulated by Herc5. In addition, Herc5 was capable of binding with the respective target proteins. Thus, these results suggest that Herc5 functions as a general E3 ligase for protein ISGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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50
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Leksa V, Godar S, Schiller HB, Fuertbauer E, Muhammad A, Slezakova K, Horejsi V, Steinlein P, Weidle UH, Binder BR, Stockinger H. TGF-β-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells mediated by M6P/IGFII-R and mini-plasminogen. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:4577-86. [PMID: 16179614 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a key modulator of endothelial cell apoptosis, must be activated from the latent form (LTGF-β) to induce biological responses. In the present study, we report activation of TGF-β by functional and physical co-operation of the mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like-growth-factor-II receptor (CD222) and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (CD87). We show that endothelial cells express CD222 and CD87 in a membrane complex and demonstrate that the association of these two receptors is essential for the release of active TGF-β in the transduced mouse fibroblast used as model cells. By contrast, smooth-muscle cells, which express CD222 and CD87 at similar density to endothelial cells but not in complexed form, do not activate TGF-β. We also have found that mini-plasminogen is a high-affinity ligand for CD222 and is essential for the activation of TGF-β by the CD87-CD222 complex to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. This specific mechanism of TGF-β-mediated apoptosis in endothelial cells is thus a potential novel target to be considered for treatment of pathological vascular disorders (e.g. tumor angiogenesis).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/physiology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Plasminogen/genetics
- Plasminogen/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Leksa
- BMT, BioMolecular Therapeutics, Brunner Strasse 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria.
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