1
|
Vargas-Blanco DA, Hepworth OW, Basham KJ, Simaku P, Crossen AJ, Timmer KD, Hopke A, Brown Harding H, Vandal SR, Jensen KN, Floyd DJ, Reedy JL, Reardon C, Mansour MK, Ward RA, Irimia D, Abramson JS, Vyas JM. BTK inhibitor-induced defects in human neutrophil effector activity against Aspergillus fumigatus are restored by TNF-α. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176162. [PMID: 38713531 PMCID: PMC11383172 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) through covalent modifications of its active site (e.g., ibrutinib [IBT]) is a preferred treatment for multiple B cell malignancies. However, IBT-treated patients are more susceptible to invasive fungal infections, although the mechanism is poorly understood. Neutrophils are the primary line of defense against these infections; therefore, we examined the effect of IBT on primary human neutrophil effector activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. IBT significantly impaired the ability of neutrophils to kill A. fumigatus and potently inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Importantly, exogenous TNF-α fully compensated for defects imposed by IBT and newer-generation BTK inhibitors and restored the ability of neutrophils to contain A. fumigatus hyphal growth. Blocking TNF-α did not affect ROS production in healthy neutrophils but prevented exogenous TNF-α from rescuing the phenotype of IBT-treated neutrophils. The restorative capacity of TNF-α was independent of transcription. Moreover, the addition of TNF-α immediately rescued ROS production in IBT-treated neutrophils, indicating that TNF-α worked through a BTK-independent signaling pathway. Finally, TNF-α restored effector activity of primary neutrophils from patients on IBT therapy. Altogether, our data indicate that TNF-α rescued the antifungal immunity block imposed by inhibition of BTK in primary human neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Vargas-Blanco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia W. Hepworth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle J. Basham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia Simaku
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arianne J. Crossen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle D. Timmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Hopke
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannah Brown Harding
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven R. Vandal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kirstine N. Jensen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel J. Floyd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Reedy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Reardon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael K. Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Ward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy S. Abramson
- Center for Lymphoma, Mass General Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Potter SJ, Zhang L, Kotliar M, Wu Y, Schafer C, Stefan K, Boukas L, Qu’d D, Bodamer O, Simpson BN, Barski A, Lindsley AW, Bjornsson HT. KMT2D regulates activation, localization, and integrin expression by T-cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341745. [PMID: 38765012 PMCID: PMC11099208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Kabuki syndrome present with immunodeficiency; however, how pathogenic variants in the gene encoding the histone-modifying enzyme lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) lead to immune alterations remain poorly understood. Following up on our prior report of KMT2D-altered integrin expression in B-cells, we performed targeted analyses of KMT2D's influence on integrin expression in T-cells throughout development (thymocytes through peripheral T-cells) in murine cells with constitutive- and conditional-targeted Kmt2d deletion. Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry, we reveal decreased expression (both at the transcriptional and translational levels) of a cluster of leukocyte-specific integrins, which perturb aspects of T-cell activation, maturation, adhesion/localization, and effector function. H3K4me3 ChIP-PCR suggests that these evolutionary similar integrins are under direct control of KMT2D. KMT2D loss also alters multiple downstream programming/signaling pathways, including integrin-based localization, which can influence T-cell populations. We further demonstrated that KMT2D deficiency is associated with the accumulation of murine CD8+ single-positive (SP) thymocytes and shifts in both human and murine peripheral T-cell populations, including the reduction of the CD4+ recent thymic emigrant (RTE) population. Together, these data show that the targeted loss of Kmt2d in the T-cell lineage recapitulates several distinct features of Kabuki syndrome-associated immune deficiency and implicates epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of integrin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Potter
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael Kotliar
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Caitlin Schafer
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kurtis Stefan
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Leandros Boukas
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dima Qu’d
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Olaf Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- The Roya Kabuki Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Brittany N. Simpson
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Andrew W. Lindsley
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hans T. Bjornsson
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kachlany SC, Vega BA. Therapeutic Applications of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin. Pathogens 2024; 13:354. [PMID: 38787206 PMCID: PMC11123898 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative oral bacterium that has been primarily studied for its role in causing periodontal disease. The bacterium has also been implicated in several systemic diseases such as endocarditis and soft tissue abscesses. Leukotoxin (LtxA) is perhaps the best studied protein virulence factor from A. actinomycetemcomitans. The protein can rapidly destroy white blood cells (WBCs), helping the bacterium to subvert the host immune system. The functional receptor for LtxA is lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), which is expressed exclusively on the surfaces of WBCs. Bacterial expression and secretion of the protein are highly regulated and controlled by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The mechanism of LtxA action on WBCs varies depending on the type of cell that is being killed, and the protein has been shown to activate numerous cell death pathways in susceptible cells. In addition to serving as an important virulence factor for the bacterium, because of its exquisite specificity and rapid activity, LtxA is also being investigated as a therapeutic agent that may be used to treat diseases such as hematological malignancies and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. It is our hope that this review will inspire an increased intensity of research related to LtxA and its effect on Aggressive Periodontitis, the disease that led to its initial discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Kachlany
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Noro J, Vilaça-Faria H, Reis RL, Pirraco RP. Extracellular matrix-derived materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: A journey from isolation to characterization and application. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:494-519. [PMID: 38298755 PMCID: PMC10827697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial choice is an essential step during the development tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) applications. The selected biomaterial must present properties allowing the physiological-like recapitulation of several processes that lead to the reestablishment of homeostatic tissue or organ function. Biomaterials derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) present many such properties and their use in the field has been steadily increasing. Considering this growing importance, it becomes imperative to provide a comprehensive overview of ECM biomaterials, encompassing their sourcing, processing, and integration into TERM applications. This review compiles the main strategies used to isolate and process ECM-derived biomaterials as well as different techniques used for its characterization, namely biochemical and chemical, physical, morphological, and biological. Lastly, some of their applications in the TERM field are explored and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Noro
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena Vilaça-Faria
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P. Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Niu T, Li Z, Huang Y, Ye Y, Liu Y, Ye Z, Jiang L, He X, Wang L, Li J. LFA-1 knockout inhibited the tumor growth and is correlated with treg cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:233. [PMID: 37723552 PMCID: PMC10506322 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been proven to be clinically effective in multiple types of cancers. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), a member of the integrin family of adhesion molecules, is expressed mainly on αβ T cells. LFA-1 is associated with tumor immune responses, but its exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, two kinds of mice tumor model of LFA-1 knockout (LFA-1-/-) mice bearing subcutaneous tumor and Apc Min/+;LFA-1-/- mice were used to confirm that LFA-1 knockout resulted in inhibition of tumor growth. Furthermore, it also demonstrated that the numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes were decreased in LFA-1-/- mice, and the numbers of Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes were also decreased in Apc Min/+;LFA-1-/- mice compared with Apc Min/+ mice. LFA-1 inhibitor (BIRT377) was administered to subcutaneous tumor-bearing LFA-1+/+ mice, and the results showed that the tumor growth was inhibited and the number of Treg cells was reduced. The analysis of TIMER tumor database indicated that LFA-1 expression is positively associated with Treg cells and TNM stage. Conclusively, this suggests that LFA-1 knockout would inhibit tumor growth and is correlated with Treg cells. LFA-1 may be one potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Niu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Ye
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijin Ye
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingbi Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Tan S, Qi L, Chen Y, Liu H, Liu X, Sha Z. Genome-wide characterization of integrin (ITG) gene family and their expression profiling in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) upon Vibrio anguillarum infection. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101099. [PMID: 37327728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrins (ITGs) are transmembrane heterodimer receptors with ITGα subunit and ITGβ subunit, participating in various physiological processes, including immunity. At present, systematic research on ITGs in teleost is scarce, especially in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). In this study, a set of 28 ITG genes in half-smooth tongue sole have been identified and characterized. The phylogenetic analysis showed that ITGα and ITGβ subunits were respectively classified into five and two clusters, consistent with previous studies. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most of ITG genes were under purifying selection, except for ITGα11b and ITGαL with positive selection. The expression profiles of eight selected ITG genes, including ITGα1, ITGα5, ITGα8, ITGα11, ITGβ1, ITGβ2, ITGβ3, and ITGβ8, were analyzed in healthy tissues and after infection with Vibrio anguillarum, revealed their implications in immune response. The study provided a comprehensive characterization and expression analysis of ITG genes in half-smooth tongue sole, setting a solid foundation for further functional studies and promising potential in disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Li
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Suxu Tan
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Longjiang Qi
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinbao Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Selim AM, Elsabagh YA, El-Sawalhi MM, Ismail NA, Senousy MA. Association of integrin-β2 polymorphism and expression with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in Egyptian patients. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:204. [PMID: 37644537 PMCID: PMC10463674 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic architecture of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are still unclear. Although RA and OA have quite different causes, they share synovial inflammation, risk factors, and some disease-associated genes, including the integrin subunit β2 (ITGB2)/CD18 gene involved in extracellular matrix interactions and immune cell signaling. However, the functional role of ITGB2 genetic variants, its circulating expression pattern, and their clinical usefulness in RA and OA remain unexplored. Our study appraised the association of ITGB2 rs2070946 single nucleotide polymorphism with the vulnerability to RA and OA and its influence on ITGB2 mRNA expression, along with the potential of serum ITGB2 expression in RA and OA diagnosis. METHODS This study included 70 RA patients, 70 primary OA patients, and 60 healthy volunteers. Genotyping and gene expression analysis were performed using qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of ITGB2. RESULTS Serum ITGB2 mRNA expression was upregulated in both RA and OA compared to healthy controls. ITGB2 rs2070946 was associated with escalating risk of both diseases. RA patients harboring the rs2070946 CC or TC + CC genotypes had higher serum ITGB2 expression than the TT genotype carriers. Likewise, OA patients having the minor homozygote CC genotype had higher serum ITGB2 expression than those carrying the TT, TC or TT + TC genotypes. Serum ITGB2 expression showed profound diagnostic potential for RA and OA in receiver-operating characteristic analysis. In RA, serum ITGB2 expression positively correlated with rheumatoid factor and disease activity score 28 (DAS28). The ITGB2-PPI network enriched in cell-cell adhesion, ICAM-3 receptor activity, T-cell activation, leukocyte adhesion, complement binding, and NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These findings embrace the impact of ITGB2 rs2070946 as a novel genetic biomarker of both RA and OA, which could alter the ITGB2 expression. Serum ITGB2 expression could aid in timely diagnosis of RA and OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa M Selim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yumn A Elsabagh
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine, Kasr Al- Ainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M El-Sawalhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nabila A Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Loeuillard E, Li B, Stumpf HE, Yang J, Willhite J, Tomlinson JL, Wang J, Rohakhtar FR, Simon VA, Graham RP, Smoot RL, Dong H, Ilyas SI. Noncanonical TRAIL Signaling Promotes Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Abundance and Tumor Progression in Cholangiocarcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.24.541931. [PMID: 37293061 PMCID: PMC10245899 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.541931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signaling as a cause of cancer cell death is a well-established mechanism. However, TRAIL-receptor (TRAIL-R) agonists have had very limited anticancer activity in humans, challenging the concept of TRAIL as a potent anticancer agent. Herein, we demonstrate that TRAIL + cancer cells can leverage noncanonical TRAIL signaling in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promoting their abundance in murine cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). In multiple immunocompetent syngeneic, orthotopic murine models of CCA, implantation of TRAIL + murine cancer cells into Trail-r -/- mice resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volumes compared to wild type mice. Tumor bearing Trail-r -/- mice had a significant decrease in the abundance of MDSCs due to attenuation of MDSC proliferation. Noncanonical TRAIL signaling with consequent NF-κB activation in MDSCs facilitated enhanced MDSC proliferation. Single cell RNA sequencing and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-Seq) of CD45 + cells in murine tumors from three distinct immunocompetent CCA models demonstrated a significant enrichment of an NF-κB activation signature in MDSCs. Moreover, MDSCs were resistant to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis due to enhanced expression of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (cFLIP), an inhibitor of proapoptotic TRAIL signaling. Accordingly, cFLIP knockdown sensitized murine MDSCs to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Finally, cancer cell-restricted deletion of Trail significantly reduced MDSC abundance and murine tumor burden. In summary, our findings define a noncanonical TRAIL signal in MDSCs and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting TRAIL + cancer cells for the treatment of a poorly immunogenic cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Maldonado H, Leyton L. CSK-mediated signalling by integrins in cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1214787. [PMID: 37519303 PMCID: PMC10382208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1214787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and metastasis are processes heavily controlled by the integrin receptor family. Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that constitute the central components of mechanosensing complexes called focal adhesions, which connect the extracellular environment with the cell interior. Focal adhesions act as key players in cancer progression by regulating biological processes, such as cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Src family kinases (SFKs) can interplay with integrins and their downstream effectors. SFKs also integrate extracellular cues sensed by integrins and growth factor receptors (GFR), transducing them to coordinate metastasis and cell survival in cancer. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase CSK is a well-known SFK member that suppresses SFK activity by phosphorylating its specific negative regulatory loop (C-terminal Y527 residue). Consequently, CSK may play a pivotal role in tumour progression and suppression by inhibiting SFK oncogenic effects in several cancer types. Remarkably, CSK can localise near focal adhesions when SFKs are activated and even interact with focal adhesion components, such as phosphorylated FAK and Paxillin, among others, suggesting that CSK may regulate focal adhesion dynamics and structure. Even though SFK oncogenic signalling has been extensively described before, the specific role of CSK and its crosstalk with integrins in cancer progression, for example, in mechanosensing, remain veiled. Here, we review how CSK, by regulating SFKs, can regulate integrin signalling, and focus on recent discoveries of mechanotransduction. We additionally examine the cross talk of integrins and GFR as well as the membrane availability of these receptors in cancer. We also explore new pharmaceutical approaches to these signalling pathways and analyse them as future therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Maldonado
- Receptor Dynamics in Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang E, Li Z, Lv T, Fu J, Dong L, Feng Y, Sun G, Xu X, Cui C, Wang W, Yang J. Transcriptome profiling explores the immune defence mechanism of triploid Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) blood against Vibrio alginolyticus based on protein interaction networks. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:104677. [PMID: 36870582 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triploid oysters have provided the oyster industry with many benefits, such as fast growth rates, meat quality improvement, and increased oyster production and economic benefits, since the first report on triploid oysters was published. The development of polyploid technology has remarkably increased the output of triploid oysters to meet the increasing demand of consumers for Crassostrea gigas in the past decades. At present, research on triploid oyster has mainly focused on breeding and growth, but studies on the immunity of triploid oysters are limited. According to recent reports, Vibrio alginolyticus is a highly virulent strain that can cause disease and death in shellfish, shrimp, as well as serious economic losses. V. alginolyticus may be a reason why oysters die during summer. Therefore, using V. alginolyticus to explore the resistance and immune defense mechanisms of triploid oysters against pathogens presents practical significance. Transcriptome analysis of gene expression was performed in triploid C. gigas at 12 and 48 h after infection with V. alginolyticus, and the respective 2257 and 191 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that multiple significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG signaling pathways are associated with immunity. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to investigate the interaction relationship of immune-related genes. Finally, we verified the expression situation of 16 key genes using quantitative RT-PCR. This study is the first to use the PPI network in exploring the immune defense mechanism of triploid C. gigas blood to fill the gap in the immune mechanism of triploid oysters and other mollusks, and provide valuable reference for future triploid farming and pathogen prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enshuo Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Tingjin Lv
- Yantai Institute of Marine Economy, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Luyao Dong
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanwei Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Guohua Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Cuiju Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yin X, Qiu L, Long D, Lv Z, Liu Q, Wang S, Zhang W, Zhang K, Xie M. The ancient CgPEPCK-1, not CgPECK-2, evolved into a multifunctional molecule as an intracellular enzyme and extracellular PRR. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 145:104722. [PMID: 37116769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a well-known lyase involved in gluconeogenesis, while their evolution and function differentiation have not been fully understood. In this study, by constructing a phylogenetic tree to examine PEPCKs throughout the evolution from poriferans to vertebrates, Mollusk was highlighted as the only phylum to exhibit two distinct lineages, Mollusca_PEPCK-1 and Mollusca_PEPCK-2. Further study of two representative members from Crassostrea gigas (CgPEPCK-1 and CgPEPCK-2) showed that they both shared conserved sequences and structural characteristics of the catalytic enzyme, while CgPEPCK-2 displayed a higher expression level than CgPEPCK-1 in all tested tissues, and CgPEPCK-1 was specifically implicated in the immune defense against LPS stimulation and Vibrio splendidus infection. Functional analysis revealed that CgPEPCK-2 had stronger enzymatic activity than CgPEPCK-1, while CgPEPCK-1 exhibited stronger binding activity with various PAMPs, and only the protein of CgPEPCK-1 increased significantly in hemolymph during immune stimulation. All results supported that distinct sequence and function differentiations of the PEPCK gene family should have occurred since Mollusk. The more advanced evolutionary branch Mollusca_PEPCK-2 should preserve its essential function as a catalytic enzyme to be more specialized and efficient, while the ancient branch Mollusca_PEPCK-1 probably contained some members, such as CgPEPCK-1, that should be integrated into the immune system as an extracellular immune recognition receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Dandan Long
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qing Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Senyu Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Marine Biology and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Weiqian Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Marine Biology and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Mengxi Xie
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hou L, Voit RA, Shibamura-Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S, Li Y, Chen Y, Luo H, Sankaran VG, Yuki K. CD11c regulates neutrophil maturation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1312-1325. [PMID: 36306384 PMCID: PMC10119615 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, sepsis is managed only conservatively. In sepsis, a substantial number of neutrophils is required, leading to accelerated neutrophil production. Immature neutrophils are released into the circulation to meet a demand, despite their less effective functioning in microbial eradication. Although an intervention to provide more mature neutrophils may serve as a potential sepsis treatment, the mechanism of neutrophil differentiation and maturation remains poorly understood. We discovered that CD11c, traditionally known as a dendritic cell marker, was expressed in neutrophils and regulated neutrophil maturation and effector functions. In the absence of CD11c, neutrophil maturation was impaired in the bone marrow, concomitant with a significant increase in the proliferation and apoptosis of preneutrophils, associated with less effector functions. Under lipopolysaccharide challenge, inducing an emergent neutrophil production in the bone marrow, CD11c deficiency exaggerated the release of immature neutrophils into the circulation, associated with a significant proliferation and apoptosis of preneutrophils. In contrast, constitutively active CD11c knock-in mice showed accelerated neutrophil maturation associated with enhanced effector functions, which further supports the notion that CD11c regulates neutrophil maturation. Furthermore, the constitutively active CD11c knock-in mice offered enhanced bacterial eradication. Taken together, we discovered that CD11c was critical for the regulation of neutrophil maturation, and CD11c activation could serve as a potential target for sepsis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Hou
- Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard A. Voit
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Miho Shibamura-Fujiogi
- Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yunan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Hongbo Luo
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Vijay G. Sankaran
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ihog proteins contribute to integrin-mediated focal adhesions. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:366-375. [PMID: 36103028 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrin expression forms focal adhesions, but how this process is physiologically regulated is unclear. Ihog proteins are evolutionarily conserved, playing roles in Hedgehog signaling and serving as trans-homophilic adhesion molecules to mediate cell-cell interactions. Whether these proteins are also engaged in other cell adhesion processes remains unknown. Here, we report that Drosophila Ihog proteins function in the integrin-mediated adhesions. Removal of Ihog proteins causes blister and spheroidal muscle in wings and embryos, respectively. We demonstrate that Ihog proteins interact with integrin via the extracellular portion and that their removal perturbs integrin distribution. Finally, we show that Boc, a mammalian Ihog protein, rescues the embryonic defects caused by removing its Drosophila homologs. We thus propose that Ihog proteins contribute to integrin-mediated focal adhesions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Masi I, Ottavi F, Del Rio D, Caprara V, Vastarelli C, Giannitelli SM, Fianco G, Mozetic P, Buttarelli M, Ferrandina G, Scambia G, Gallo D, Rainer A, Bagnato A, Spadaro F, Rosanò L. The interaction of β-arrestin1 with talin1 driven by endothelin A receptor as a feature of α5β1 integrin activation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:73. [PMID: 36717550 PMCID: PMC9886921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dissemination of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) in the omentum and intercalation into a mesothelial cell (MC) monolayer depends on functional α5β1 integrin (Intα5β1) activity. Although the binding of Intα5β1 to fibronectin drives these processes, other molecular mechanisms linked to integrin inside-out signaling might support metastatic dissemination. Here, we report a novel interactive signaling that contributes to Intα5β1 activation and accelerates tumor cells toward invasive disease, involving the protein β-arrestin1 (β-arr1) and the activation of the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) by endothelin-1 (ET-1). As demonstrated in primary HG-SOC cells and SOC cell lines, ET-1 increased Intβ1 and downstream FAK/paxillin activation. Mechanistically, β-arr1 directly interacts with talin1 and Intβ1, promoting talin1 phosphorylation and its recruitment to Intβ1, thus fueling integrin inside-out activation. In 3D spheroids and organotypic models mimicking the omentum, ETAR/β-arr1-driven Intα5β1 signaling promotes the survival of cell clusters, with mesothelium-intercalation capacity and invasive behavior. The treatment with the antagonist of ETAR, Ambrisentan (AMB), and of Intα5β1, ATN161, inhibits ET-1-driven Intα5β1 activity in vitro, and tumor cell adhesion and spreading to intraperitoneal organs and Intβ1 activity in vivo. As a prognostic factor, high EDNRA/ITGB1 expression correlates with poor HG-SOC clinical outcomes. These findings highlight a new role of ETAR/β-arr1 operating an inside-out integrin activation to modulate the metastatic process and suggest that in the new integrin-targeting programs might be considered that ETAR/β-arr1 regulates Intα5β1 functional pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Masi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Flavia Ottavi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Danila Del Rio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Valentina Caprara
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | | | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Giulia Fianco
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Pamela Mozetic
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- San Raffaele Hospital, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Marianna Buttarelli
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica-Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ferrandina
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica-Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica-Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica-Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Anna Bagnato
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, 00185, Italy.
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Koutsogiannaki S, Hou L, Okuno T, Shibamura-Fujiogi M, Luo HR, Yuki K. αDβ2 as a novel target of experimental polymicrobial sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059996. [PMID: 36466931 PMCID: PMC9716080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since sepsis was defined three decades ago, it has been a target of intensive study. However, there is no specific sepsis treatment available, with its high mortality and morbidity. αDβ2 (CD11d/CD18) is one of the four β2 integrin members. Its role in sepsis has been limitedly studied. Using an experimental polymicrobial sepsis model, we found that the deficiency of αDβ2 was associated with less lung injury and better outcome, which was in sharp contrast to other β2 integrin member αLβ2 (CD11a/CD18), and αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18). This phenotype was supported by a reduction of bacterial loads in αDβ2 knockout mice. Further analysis showed that the deficiency of αDβ2 led to a reduction of neutrophil cell death as well as an increase in neutrophil phagocytosis in both murine and human systems. Our data showed a unique role of αDβ2 among the β2 integrin members, which would serve as a potential target to improve the outcome of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lifei Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Shibamura-Fujiogi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hongbo R. Luo
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
How snake venom disintegrins affect platelet aggregation and cancer proliferation. Toxicon 2022; 221:106982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Xiong X, Yang H, Ding C, Qin B, Deng Y, Xiong L, Liu X, Li Y, Xiao T, Lv Z. Functional and expression analysis reveals the involvement of integrin αvβ3 in antiviral immunity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:52-63. [PMID: 35995370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are α-β heterodimeric cell receptors that can bind the protein components of pathogens, and play crucial roles in mammalian immune responses, but the immune functions mediated by integrins remains largely unknown in teleost fish. In this study, an integrin αvβ3 (GCαvβ3) originally assembled by αv (GCαv) and β3 (GCβ3) subunits, was identified from a teleost fish grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. The pairwise alignment analyses showed that the amino acid sequences of GCαv and GCβ3 shared high similarity (75.2-95.1%) and identity (58.6-90.7%) with their homologs from other vertebrates. Both GCαv and GCβ3 harbored the conserved protein domains and motifs, and were clustered in fish branch of the phylogenetic tree containing the counterparts from various vertebrates. Co-immunoprecipitation displayed that GCβ3 could interact with the grass carp reovirus (GCRV) outer capsid protein VP5. Two incubation experiments revealed that the interaction of GCRV or VP5 proteins with GCβ3 could induce the expressions of type I interferons (IFNs) including IFN2 and IFN3 in grass carp ovary cell line. The functional analysis demonstrated that GCαvβ3 served as a receptor of viral protein components to be involved in antiviral immunity as human integrin αvβ3 did. In addition, both GCαv and GCβ3 were significantly upregulated in various tissues of grass carp after GCRV infection. This study might provide fundamental basis for understanding the molecular characteristics and immune functions of GCαvβ3, and offer a new insight into the antiviral immune mechanism specific to the integrins in grass carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xiong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunhua Ding
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Beibei Qin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yadong Deng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoguo Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tiaoyi Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Zhao Lv
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Querrey M, Chiu S, Lecuona E, Wu Q, Sun H, Anderson M, Kelly M, Ravi S, Misharin AV, Kreisel D, Bharat A, Budinger GS. CD11b suppresses TLR activation of nonclassical monocytes to reduce primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157262. [PMID: 35838047 PMCID: PMC9282933 DOI: 10.1172/jci157262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of postoperative mortality in lung transplant recipients and the most important risk factor for development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The mechanistic basis for the variability in the incidence and severity of PGD between lung transplant recipients is not known. Using a murine orthotopic vascularized lung transplant model, we found that redundant activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and -4) on nonclassical monocytes activates MyD88, inducing the release of the neutrophil attractant chemokine CXCL2. Deletion of Itgam (encodes CD11b) in nonclassical monocytes enhanced their production of CXCL2 and worsened PGD, while a CD11b agonist, leukadherin-1, administered only to the donor lung prior to lung transplantation, abrogated CXCL2 production and PGD. The damage-associated molecular pattern molecule HMGB1 was increased in peripheral blood samples from patients undergoing lung transplantation after reperfusion and induced CXCL2 production in nonclassical monocytes via TLR4/MyD88. An inhibitor of HMGB1 administered to the donor and recipient prior to lung transplantation attenuated PGD. Our findings suggest that CD11b acts as a molecular brake to prevent neutrophil recruitment by nonclassical monocytes following lung transplantation, revealing an attractive therapeutic target in the donor lung to prevent PGD in lung transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Querrey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen Chiu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Haiying Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan Anderson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan Kelly
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sowmya Ravi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G.R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yao Y, Liu H, Yuan L, Du X, Yang Y, Zhou K, Wu X, Qin L, Yang M, Xiang Y, Qu X, Qin X, Liu C. Integrins are double-edged swords in pulmonary infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113300. [PMID: 35728353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are an important family of adhesion molecules that are widely distributed on immune cells in the lungs. Of note, accumulating evidences have shown that integrins are double-edged swords in pulmonary infectious diseases. On one hand, integrins promote the migration of immune cells to remove the invaded pathogens in the infected lungs. However, on the other hand, integrins also act as the targets for pathogens to escape from host immune system, which is a potential factor leading to further tissue damage. Thus, the innovative therapeutic strategies based on integrins has inspired well-founded hopes to treat pulmonary infectious diseases. In this review, we illustrate the involvement of integrins in pulmonary infectious diseases, and further discuss the innovative therapeutic targets based on integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xizi Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of China-Africa Infectious Diseases, Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma Q, Immler R, Pruenster M, Sellmayr M, Li C, von Brunn A, von Brunn B, Ehmann R, Wölfel R, Napoli M, Li Q, Romagnani P, Böttcher RT, Sperandio M, Anders HJ, Steiger S. Soluble uric acid inhibits β2 integrin-mediated neutrophil recruitment in innate immunity. Blood 2022; 139:3402-3417. [PMID: 35303071 PMCID: PMC11022987 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key players during host defense and sterile inflammation. Neutrophil dysfunction is a characteristic feature of the acquired immunodeficiency during kidney disease. We speculated that the impaired renal clearance of the intrinsic purine metabolite soluble uric acid (sUA) may account for neutrophil dysfunction. Indeed, hyperuricemia (HU, serum UA of 9-12 mg/dL) related or unrelated to kidney dysfunction significantly diminished neutrophil adhesion and extravasation in mice with crystal- and coronavirus-related sterile inflammation using intravital microscopy and an air pouch model. This impaired neutrophil recruitment was partially reversible by depleting UA with rasburicase. We validated these findings in vitro using either neutrophils or serum from patients with kidney dysfunction-related HU with or without UA depletion, which partially normalized the defective migration of neutrophils. Mechanistically, sUA impaired β2 integrin activity and internalization/recycling by regulating intracellular pH and cytoskeletal dynamics, physiological processes that are known to alter the migratory and phagocytic capability of neutrophils. This effect was fully reversible by blocking intracellular uptake of sUA via urate transporters. In contrast, sUA had no effect on neutrophil extracellular trap formation in neutrophils from healthy subjects or patients with kidney dysfunction. Our results identify an unexpected immunoregulatory role of the intrinsic purine metabolite sUA, which contrasts the well-known immunostimulatory effects of crystalline UA. Specifically targeting UA may help to overcome certain forms of immunodeficiency, for example in kidney dysfunction, but may enhance sterile forms of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Immler
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Pruenster
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Sellmayr
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chenyu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Albrecht von Brunn
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte von Brunn
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Rosina Ehmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Wölfel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Matteo Napoli
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Qiubo Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Maria Serio,” University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ralph Thomas Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guenther C. β2-Integrins - Regulatory and Executive Bridges in the Signaling Network Controlling Leukocyte Trafficking and Migration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:809590. [PMID: 35529883 PMCID: PMC9072638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.809590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is an essential process of immunity, occurring as leukocytes travel within the bloodstream and as leukocyte migration within tissues. While it is now established that leukocytes can utilize the mesenchymal migration mode or amoeboid migration mode, differences in the migratory behavior of leukocyte subclasses and how these are realized on a molecular level in each subclass is not fully understood. To outline these differences, first migration modes and their dependence on parameters of the extracellular environments will be explained, as well as the intracellular molecular machinery that powers migration in general. Extracellular parameters are detected by adhesion receptors such as integrins. β2-integrins are surface receptors exclusively expressed on leukocytes and are essential for leukocytes exiting the bloodstream, as well as in mesenchymal migration modes, however, integrins are dispensable for the amoeboid migration mode. Additionally, the balance of different RhoGTPases - which are downstream of surface receptor signaling, including integrins - mediate formation of membrane structures as well as actin dynamics. Individual leukocyte subpopulations have been shown to express distinct RhoGTPase profiles along with their differences in migration behavior, which will be outlined. Emerging aspects of leukocyte migration include signal transduction from integrins via actin to the nucleus that regulates DNA status, gene expression profiles and ultimately leukocyte migratory phenotypes, as well as altered leukocyte migration in tumors, which will be touched upon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Immler R, Nadolni W, Bertsch A, Morikis V, Rohwedder I, Masgrau-Alsina S, Schroll T, Yevtushenko A, Soehnlein O, Moser M, Gudermann T, Barnea ER, Rehberg M, Simon SI, Zierler S, Pruenster M, Sperandio M. The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 regulates neutrophil recruitment during inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1289-1302. [PMID: 33881519 PMCID: PMC8953450 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neutrophil trafficking within the vasculature strongly relies on intracellular calcium signalling. Sustained Ca2+ influx into the cell requires a compensatory efflux of potassium to maintain membrane potential. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 regulates neutrophil function during the acute inflammatory process by affecting sustained Ca2+ signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS Using in vitro assays and electrophysiological techniques, we show that KV1.3 is functionally expressed in human neutrophils regulating sustained store-operated Ca2+ entry through membrane potential stabilizing K+ efflux. Inhibition of KV1.3 on neutrophils by the specific inhibitor 5-(4-Phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1) impaired intracellular Ca2+ signalling, thereby preventing cellular spreading, adhesion strengthening, and appropriate crawling under flow conditions in vitro. Using intravital microscopy, we show that pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of KV1.3 in mice decreased neutrophil adhesion in a blood flow dependent fashion in inflamed cremaster muscle venules. Furthermore, we identified KV1.3 as a critical component for neutrophil extravasation into the inflamed peritoneal cavity. Finally, we also revealed impaired phagocytosis of Escherichia coli particles by neutrophils in the absence of KV1.3. CONCLUSION We show that the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 is critical for Ca2+ signalling and neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammatory processes. Our findings do not only provide evidence for a role of KV1.3 for sustained calcium signalling in neutrophils affecting key functions of these cells, they also open up new therapeutic approaches to treat inflammatory disorders characterized by overwhelming neutrophil infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Immler
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wiebke Nadolni
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Bertsch
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vasilios Morikis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sergi Masgrau-Alsina
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tobias Schroll
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Yevtushenko
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkofer Straße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Von-Enmarch-Straße 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Eytan R Barnea
- BioIncept LLC, New York, 140 East 40th Street #11E, NY 10016, USA
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McDonald C, Morrison VL, McGloin D, Fagerholm SC. Examining the Effect of Kindlin-3 Binding Site Mutation on LFA-1-ICAM-1 Bonds by Force Measuring Optical Tweezers. Front Immunol 2022; 12:792813. [PMID: 35154074 PMCID: PMC8826073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins in effector T cells are crucial for cell adhesion and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type III, a genetic condition that can cause death in early childhood, highlights the importance of integrin/kindlin interactions for immune system function. A TTT/AAA mutation in the cytoplasmic domain of the β2 integrin significantly reduces kindlin-3 binding to the β2 tail, abolishes leukocyte adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and decreases T cell trafficking in vivo. However, how kindlin-3 affects integrin function in T cells remains incompletely understood. We present an examination of LFA-1/ICAM-1 bonds in both wild-type effector T cells and those with a kindlin-3 binding site mutation. Adhesion assays show that effector T cells carrying the kindlin-3 binding site mutation display significantly reduced adhesion to the integrin ligand ICAM-1. Using optical trapping, combined with back focal plane interferometry, we measured a bond rupture force of 17.85 ±0.63 pN at a force loading rate of 30.21 ± 4.35 pN/s, for single integrins expressed on wild-type cells. Interestingly, a significant drop in rupture force of bonds was found for TTT/AAA-mutant cells, with a measured rupture force of 10.08 ± 0.88pN at the same pulling rate. Therefore, kindlin-3 binding to the cytoplasmic tail of the β2-tail directly affects catch bond formation and bond strength of integrin–ligand bonds. As a consequence of this reduced binding, CD8+ T cell activation in vitro is also significantly reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig McDonald
- SUPA, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky L Morrison
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - David McGloin
- SUPA, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma VPY, Hu Y, Kellner AV, Brockman JM, Velusamy A, Blanchard AT, Evavold BD, Alon R, Salaita K. The magnitude of LFA-1/ICAM-1 forces fine-tune TCR-triggered T cell activation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg4485. [PMID: 35213231 PMCID: PMC8880789 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
T cells defend against cancer and viral infections by rapidly scanning the surface of target cells seeking specific peptide antigens. This key process in adaptive immunity is sparked upon T cell receptor (TCR) binding of antigens within cell-cell junctions stabilized by integrin (LFA-1)/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) complexes. A long-standing question in this area is whether the forces transmitted through the LFA-1/ICAM-1 complex tune T cell signaling. Here, we use spectrally encoded DNA tension probes to reveal the first maps of LFA-1 and TCR forces generated by the T cell cytoskeleton upon antigen recognition. DNA probes that control the magnitude of LFA-1 force show that F>12 pN potentiates antigen-dependent T cell activation by enhancing T cell-substrate engagement. LFA-1/ICAM-1 mechanical events with F>12 pN also enhance the discriminatory power of the TCR when presented with near cognate antigens. Overall, our results show that T cells integrate multiple channels of mechanical information through different ligand-receptor pairs to tune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anna V. Kellner
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Joshua M. Brockman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Arventh Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Aaron T. Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Brian D. Evavold
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Proteomic analysis in primary T cells reveals IL-7 alters T cell receptor thresholding via CYTIP/cytohesin/LFA-1 localisation and activation. Biochem J 2022; 479:225-243. [PMID: 35015072 PMCID: PMC8883493 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the cellular immune system to discriminate self from foreign antigens depends on the appropriate calibration of the T cell receptor (TCR) signalling threshold. The lymphocyte homeostatic cytokine interleukin 7 (IL-7) is known to affect TCR thresholding, but the molecular mechanism is not fully elucidated. A better understanding of this process is highly relevant in the context of autoimmune disease therapy and cancer immunotherapy. We sought to characterise the early signalling events attributable to IL-7 priming; in particular, the altered phosphorylation of signal transduction proteins and their molecular localisation to the TCR. By integrating high-resolution proximity- phospho-proteomic and imaging approaches using primary T cells, rather than engineered cell lines or an in vitro expanded T cell population, we uncovered transduction events previously not linked to IL-7. We show that IL-7 leads to dephosphorylation of cytohesin interacting protein (CYTIP) at a hitherto undescribed phosphorylation site (pThr280) and alters the co-localisation of cytohesin-1 with the TCR and LFA-1 integrin. These results show that IL-7, acting via CYTIP and cytohesin-1, may impact TCR activation thresholds by enhancing the co-clustering of TCR and LFA-1 integrin.
Collapse
|
26
|
DeDreu J, Pal-Ghosh S, Mattapallil MJ, Caspi RR, Stepp MA, Menko AS. Uveitis-mediated immune cell invasion through the extracellular matrix of the lens capsule. FASEB J 2021; 36:e21995. [PMID: 34874579 PMCID: PMC9300120 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101098r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
While the eye is considered an immune privileged site, its privilege is abrogated when immune cells are recruited from the surrounding vasculature in response to trauma, infection, aging, and autoimmune diseases like uveitis. Here, we investigate whether in uveitis immune cells become associated with the lens capsule and compromise its privilege in studies of C57BL/6J mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis. These studies show that at D14, the peak of uveitis in these mice, T cells, macrophages, and Ly6G/Ly6C+ immune cells associate with the lens basement membrane capsule, burrow into the capsule matrix, and remain integrated with the capsule as immune resolution is occurring at D26. 3D surface rendering image analytics of confocal z‐stacks and scanning electron microscopy imaging of the lens surface show the degradation of the lens capsule as these lens‐associated immune cells integrate with and invade the lens capsule, with a subset infiltrating both epithelial and fiber cell regions of lens tissue, abrogating its immune privilege. Those immune cells that remain on the surface often become entwined with a fibrillar net‐like structure. Immune cell invasion of the lens capsule in uveitis has not been described previously and may play a role in induction of lens and other eye pathologies associated with autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JodiRae DeDreu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Blythe EN, Weaver LC, Brown A, Dekaban GA. β2 Integrin CD11d/CD18: From Expression to an Emerging Role in Staged Leukocyte Migration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775447. [PMID: 34858434 PMCID: PMC8630586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11d/CD18 is the most recently discovered and least understood β2 integrin. Known CD11d adhesive mechanisms contribute to both extravasation and mesenchymal migration – two key aspects for localizing peripheral leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Differential expression of CD11d induces differences in monocyte/macrophage mesenchymal migration including impacts on macrophage sub-set migration. The participation of CD11d/CD18 in leukocyte localization during atherosclerosis and following neurotrauma has sparked interest in the development of CD11d-targeted therapeutic agents. Whereas the adhesive properties of CD11d have undergone investigation, the signalling pathways induced by ligand binding remain largely undefined. Underlining each adhesive and signalling function, CD11d is under unique transcriptional control and expressed on a sub-set of predominately tissue-differentiated innate leukocytes. The following review is the first to capture the nearly three decades of CD11d research and discusses the emerging role of CD11d in leukocyte migration and retention during the progression of a staged immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin N Blythe
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lynne C Weaver
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Brown
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory A Dekaban
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bao R, Al-Shakarji NM, Bunyak F, Palaniappan K. DMNet: Dual-Stream Marker Guided Deep Network for Dense Cell Segmentation and Lineage Tracking. ... IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION 2021; 2021:3354-3363. [PMID: 35386855 PMCID: PMC8982054 DOI: 10.1109/iccvw54120.2021.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Accurate segmentation and tracking of cells in microscopy image sequences is extremely beneficial in clinical diagnostic applications and biomedical research. A continuing challenge is the segmentation of dense touching cells and deforming cells with indistinct boundaries, in low signal-to-noise-ratio images. In this paper, we present a dual-stream marker-guided network (DMNet) for segmentation of touching cells in microscopy videos of many cell types. DMNet uses an explicit cell marker-detection stream, with a separate mask-prediction stream using a distance map penalty function, which enables supervised training to focus attention on touching and nearby cells. For multi-object cell tracking we use M2Track tracking-by-detection approach with multi-step data association. Our M2Track with mask overlap includes short term track-to-cell association followed by track-to-track association to re-link tracklets with missing segmentation masks over a short sequence of frames. Our combined detection, segmentation and tracking algorithm has proven its potential on the IEEE ISBI 2021 6th Cell Tracking Challenge (CTC-6) where we achieved multiple top three rankings for diverse cell types. Our team name is MU-Ba-US, and the implementation of DMNet is available at, http://celltrackingchallenge.net/participants/MU-Ba-US/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Bao
- University of Missouri-Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Prince DJ, Patel D, Kachlany SC. Leukotoxin (LtxA/Leukothera) induces ATP expulsion via pannexin-1 channels and subsequent cell death in malignant lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18086. [PMID: 34508147 PMCID: PMC8433231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotoxin (LtxA) (Trade name, Leukothera) is a protein that is secreted from the oral bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which targets and kills activated white blood cells (WBCs) by binding to lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). Interaction between LtxA and Jurkat T-cells results in cell death and is characterized by increased intracellular Ca2+, activation of caspases, clustering of LtxA and LFA-1 within lipid rafts, and involvement of the Fas death receptor. Here, we show that LtxA can kill malignant lymphocytes via apoptotic and necrotic forms of cell death. We show that LtxA causes activation of caspases and PARP, cleavage of pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels, and expulsion of ATP, ultimately leading to cell death via apoptosis and necrosis. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout (K/O) of Panx1 in Jurkat cells prevented ATP expulsion and resulted in resistance to LtxA for both apoptotic and necrotic forms of death. Resistance to necrosis could only be overcome when supplementing LtxA with endogenous ATP (bzATP). The combination of LtxA and bzATP promoted only necrosis, as no Panx1 K/O cells stained positive for phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure following the combined treatment. Inhibition of LtxA/bzATP-induced necrosis was possible when pretreating Jurkat cells with oATP, a P2X7R antagonist. Similarly, blockage of P2X7Rs with oATP prevented the intracellular mobilization of Ca2+, an important early step in LtxA induced cell death. We show that LtxA is able to kill malignant lymphocytes through an apoptotic death pathway which is potentially linked to a Panx1/P2X7R mediated necrotic form of death. Thus, inhibition of ATP release appears to significantly delay the onset of LtxA induced apoptosis while completely disabling the necrotic death pathway in T-lymphocytes, demonstrating the crucial role of ATP release in LtxA-mediated cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Prince
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | - Scott C Kachlany
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hong SK, Han D, Lee SK, Kim J, Hwang ES, Kim H, Lee JI, Hong K, Han ES, Cho JH, Lee JM, Choi Y, Lee KW, Yi NJ, Yang J, Suh KS. Short-term therapy with anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody induced long-term liver allograft survival in nonhuman primates. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2978-2991. [PMID: 33423374 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance induction remains challenging following liver transplantation and the long-term use of immunosuppressants, especially calcineurin inhibitors, leads to serious complications. We aimed to test an alternative immunosuppressant, a chimeric anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody, MD-3, for improving the outcomes of liver transplantation. We used a rhesus macaque liver transplantation model and monkeys were divided into three groups: no immunosuppression (n = 2), conventional immunosuppression (n = 4), and MD-3 (n = 5). Without immunosuppression, liver allografts failed within a week by acute rejection. Sixteen-week-long conventional immunosuppression that consisted of prednisolone, tacrolimus, and an mTOR inhibitor prolonged liver allograft survival; however, recipients died of acute T cell-mediated rejection (day 52), chronic rejection (days 62 and 66), or adverse effects of mTOR inhibitor (day 32). In contrast, 12-week-long MD-3 therapy with transient conventional immunosuppression in the MD-3 group significantly prolonged the survival of liver allograft recipients (5, 96, 216, 412, 730 days; p = .0483). MD-3 effectively suppressed intragraft inflammatory cell infiltration, anti-donor T cell responses, and donor-specific antibody with intact anti-cytomegalovirus antibody responses. However, this regimen ended in chronic rejection. In conclusion, short-term therapy with MD-3 markedly improved liver allograft survival to 2 years without maintenance of immunosuppressant. MD-3 is therefore a promising immune-modulating agent for liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Kyun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyu Han
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Soo Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangpyo Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Soo Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Moo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungRok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Woong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Menko AS, DeDreu J, Logan CM, Paulson H, Levin AV, Walker JL. Resident immune cells of the avascular lens: Mediators of the injury and fibrotic response of the lens. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21341. [PMID: 33710665 PMCID: PMC8200928 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002200r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissues typically harbor subpopulations of resident immune cells that function as rapid responders to injury and whose activation leads to induction of an adaptive immune response, playing important roles in repair and protection. Since the lens is an avascular tissue, it was presumed that it was absent of resident immune cells. Our studies now show that resident immune cells are a shared feature of the human, mouse, and chicken lens epithelium. These resident immune cells function as immediate responders to injury and rapidly populate the wound edge following mock cataract surgery to function as leader cells. Many of these resident immune cells also express MHCII providing them with antigen presenting ability to engage an adaptive immune response. We provide evidence that during development immune cells migrate on the ciliary zonules and localize among the equatorial epithelial cells of the lens adjacent to where the ciliary zonules associate with the lens capsule. These findings suggest that the vasculature‐rich ciliary body is a source of lens resident immune cells. We identified a major role for these cells as rapid responders to wounding, quickly populating each wound were they can function as leaders of lens tissue repair. Our findings also show that lens resident immune cells are progenitors of myofibroblasts, which characteristically appear in response to lens cataract surgery injury, and therefore, are likely agents of lens pathologies to impair vision like fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - JodiRae DeDreu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Logan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather Paulson
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex V Levin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janice L Walker
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
CD11c regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells under stress. Blood Adv 2021; 4:6086-6097. [PMID: 33351105 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are well-known leukocyte adhesion molecules consisting of 4 members: CD11a-d. Their known biological functions range widely from leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis, to immunological synapse formation, but the studies have been primarily focused on CD11a and CD11b. CD11c is 1 of the 4 members and is extremely homologous to CD11b. It has been well known as a dendritic cell marker, but the characterization of its function has been limited. We found that CD11c was expressed on the short-term hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitor cells. The lack of CD11c did not affect the number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in healthy CD11c knockout mice. Different from other β2 integrin members, however, CD11c deficiency was associated with increased apoptosis and significant loss of HSPCs in sepsis and bone marrow transplantation. Although integrins are generally known for their overlapping and redundant roles, we showed that CD11c had a distinct role of regulating the expansion of HSPCs under stress. This study shows that CD11c, a well-known dendritic cell marker, is expressed on HSPCs and serves as their functional regulator. CD11c deficiency leads to the loss of HSPCs via apoptosis in sepsis and bone marrow transplantation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lamers C, Plüss CJ, Ricklin D. The Promiscuous Profile of Complement Receptor 3 in Ligand Binding, Immune Modulation, and Pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662164. [PMID: 33995387 PMCID: PMC8118671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2-integrin receptor family has a broad spectrum of physiological functions ranging from leukocyte adhesion, cell migration, activation, and communication to the phagocytic uptake of cells and particles. Among the members of this family, complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18, Mac-1, αMβ2) is particularly promiscuous in its functional profile and ligand selectivity. There are close to 100 reported structurally unrelated ligands for CR3, and while many ligands appear to cluster at the αMI domain, molecular details about binding modes remain largely elusive. The versatility of CR3 is reflected in its functional portfolio, which includes prominent roles in the removal of invaders and cell debris, induction of tolerance and synaptic pruning, and involvement in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune and chronic inflammatory pathologies. While CR3 is an interesting therapeutic target for immune modulation due to these known pathophysiological associations, drug development efforts are limited by concerns of potential interference with host defense functions and, most importantly, an insufficient molecular understanding of the interplay between ligand binding and functional impact. Here, we provide a systematic summary of the various interaction partners of CR3 with a focus on binding mechanisms and functional implications. We also discuss the roles of CR3 as an immune receptor in health and disease, as an activation marker in research and diagnostics, and as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lamers
- Molecular Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kunig VBK, Potowski M, Klika Škopić M, Brunschweiger A. Scanning Protein Surfaces with DNA-Encoded Libraries. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1048-1062. [PMID: 33295694 PMCID: PMC8048995 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the ligandability of a target protein, defined as the capability of a protein to bind drug-like compounds on any site, can give important stimuli to drug-development projects. For instance, inhibition of protein-protein interactions usually depends on the identification of protein surface binders. DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) allow scanning of protein surfaces with large chemical space. Encoded library selection screens uncovered several protein-protein interaction inhibitors and compounds binding to the surface of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and kinases. The protein surface-binding chemotypes from DELs are predominantly chemically modified and cyclized peptides, and functional small-molecule peptidomimetics. Peptoid libraries and structural peptidomimetics have been less studied in the DEL field, hinting at hitherto less populated chemical space and suggesting alternative library designs. Roughly a third of bioactive molecules evolved from smaller, target-focused libraries. They showcase the potential of encoded libraries to identify more potent molecules from weak, for example, fragment-like, starting points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena B. K. Kunig
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Marco Potowski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Mateja Klika Škopić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Altorki T, Muller W, Brass A, Cruickshank S. The role of β 2 integrin in dendritic cell migration during infection. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:2. [PMID: 33407124 PMCID: PMC7789014 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in shaping T cell responses. To do this, DCs must be able to migrate to the site of the infection and the lymph nodes to prime T cells and initiate the appropriate immune response. Integrins such as β2 integrin play a key role in leukocyte adhesion, migration, and cell activation. However, the role of β2 integrin in DC migration and function in the context of infection-induced inflammation in the gut is not well understood. This study looked at the role of β2 integrin in DC migration and function during infection with the nematode worm Trichuris muris. Itgb2tm1Bay mice lacking functional β2 integrin and WT littermate controls were infected with T. muris and the response to infection and kinetics of the DC response was assessed. Results In infection, the lack of functional β2 integrin significantly reduced DC migration to the site of infection but not the lymph nodes. The lack of functional β2 integrin did not negatively impact T cell activation in response to T. muris infection. Conclusions This data suggests that β2 integrins are important in DC recruitment to the infection site potentially impacting the initiation of innate immunity but is dispensible for DC migration to lymph nodes and T cell priming in the context of T. muris infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-020-00394-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarfa Altorki
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, A.V. Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Present address: Faculty of Medical Applied Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Werner Muller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, A.V. Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew Brass
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sheena Cruickshank
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, A.V. Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fleischmann D, Maslanka Figueroa S, Goepferich A. Steric Shielding of cRGD-Functionalized Nanoparticles from Premature Exposition to Off-Target Endothelial Cells under a Physiological Flow. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fleischmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sara Maslanka Figueroa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Checa J, Aran JM. Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1057-1073. [PMID: 33293849 PMCID: PMC7719303 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s275595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 billion years ago, the Earth is immersed in an oxidizing atmosphere. Thus, it has been proposed that excess oxygen, originally a waste product of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, induced oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have since acted as fundamental drivers of biologic evolution and eukaryogenesis. Indeed, throughout an organism’s lifespan, ROS affect directly (as mutagens) or indirectly (as messengers and regulators) all structural and functional components of cells, and many aspects of cell biology. Whether left unchecked by protective antioxidant systems, excess ROS not only cause genomic mutations but also induce irreversible oxidative modification of proteins (protein oxidation and peroxidation), lipids and glycans (advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products), impairing their function and promoting disease or cell death. Conversely, low-level local ROS play an important role both as redox-signaling molecules in a wide spectrum of pathways involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (MAPK/ERK, PTK/PTP, PI3K-AKT-mTOR), and regulating key transcription factors (NFκB/IκB, Nrf2/KEAP1, AP-1, p53, HIF-1). Consequently, ROS can shape a variety of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In this review, we will give a brief overview of the relevance of ROS in both physiological and pathological processes, particularly inflammation and aging. In-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of ROS actuation and their influence under steady-state and stressful conditions will pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. This will mitigate the harmful outcomes of ROS in the onset and progression of a variety of chronic inflammatory and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Checa
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Josep M Aran
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
De Filippo K, Rankin SM. The Secretive Life of Neutrophils Revealed by Intravital Microscopy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603230. [PMID: 33240898 PMCID: PMC7683517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte within the blood stream and for many years the dogma has been that these cells migrate rapidly into tissues in response to injury or infection, forming the first line of host defense. While it has previously been documented that neutrophils marginate within the vascular beds of the lung and liver and are present in large numbers within the parenchyma of tissues, such as spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow (BM), the function of these tissue resident neutrophils under homeostasis, in response to pathogen invasion or injury has only recently been explored, revealing the unexpected role of these cells as immunoregulators or immune helpers and also unraveling their heterogeneity and plasticity. Neutrophils are highly motile cells and the use of intravital microscopy (IVM) to image cells within their environment with little manipulation has dramatically increased our understanding of the function, migratory behavior, and interaction of these short-lived cells with other innate and adaptive immune cells. Contrary to previous dogma, these studies have shown that marginated and tissue resident neutrophils are the first responders to pathogens and injury, critical in limiting the spread of infection and contributing to the orchestration of the subsequent immune response. The interplay of neutrophils, with other neutrophils, leukocytes, and stroma cells can also modulate and tune their early and late response in order to eradicate pathogens, minimize tissue damage, and, in certain circumstances, contribute to tissue repair. In this review, we will follow the extraordinary journey of neutrophils from their origin in the BM to their death, exploring their role as tissue resident cells in the lung, spleen, lymph nodes, and skin and outlining the importance of neutrophil subsets, their functions under homeostasis, and in response to infection. Finally, we will comment on how understanding these processes in greater detail at a molecular level can lead to development of new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Filippo
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M Rankin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Extracellular Vesicles as an Efficient and Versatile System for Drug Delivery. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102191. [PMID: 33003285 PMCID: PMC7600121 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in drug development, the majority of novel therapeutics have not been successfully translated into clinical applications. One of the major factors hindering their clinical translation is the lack of a safe, non-immunogenic delivery system with high target specificity upon systemic administration. In this respect, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural carriers of bioactive cargo, have emerged as a promising solution and can be further modified to improve their therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we provide an overview of the biogenesis pathways, biochemical features, and isolation methods of EVs with an emphasis on their many intrinsic properties that make them desirable as drug carriers. We then describe in detail the current advances in EV therapeutics, focusing on how EVs can be engineered to achieve improved target specificity, better circulation kinetics, and efficient encapsulation of therapeutic payloads. We also identify the challenges and obstacles ahead for clinical translation and provide an outlook on the future perspective of EV-based therapeutics.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lv Z, Qiu L, Wang W, Liu Z, Liu Q, Wang L, Song L. The Members of the Highly Diverse Crassostrea gigas Integrin Family Cooperate for the Generation of Various Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1420. [PMID: 32793197 PMCID: PMC7390872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on invertebrate immune receptors can provide insights into characteristics specific to innate immune system. Here, eight α and three β integrins are identified from an invertebrate, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and their possible immune functions are studied. Oyster α/β integrins exhibit a higher degree of sequence and structural variability than the members from Homo sapiens and Drosophila melanogaster. The analysis reveals that oyster RGD- and laminin-binding receptor homologs are present in the phylogenetic tree of α integrins, but the other six oyster α integrins mainly form a species-specific branch; meanwhile, oyster β integrins are clustered with insect β integrins but distinct from a member from the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata. Although phylogenetically lacking the important α integrin branches of LDV-binding, PS3-type, and αI-containing integrins, oyster integrins can bind to most ECM ligands, including RGDCP, LDVCP, GFOGERCP, and laminin protein in a distinct binding pattern. Besides, oyster integrins are distributed in different hemocyte subpopulations, while only specific integrins are selectively involved in hemocyte phagocytosis, migration, and encapsulation, and some of them participate in more than one immune response in a sophisticated pattern. Especially, oyster β integrins are arranged in the core to mediate complex immune responses, unlike the counterparts in humans that mainly depend on αI-containing integrins to incite immune reactions. This study represents the first comprehensive attempt to reveal the structural and evolutionary features of the integrin family and their involvement in cellular immune responses in the non-model invertebrate C. gigas and sheds light on the characteristics specific to the innate immune system in the integrin family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Noor S, Sanchez JJ, Sun MS, Pervin Z, Sanchez JE, Havard MA, Epler LT, Nysus MV, Norenberg JP, Wagner CR, Davies S, Wagner JL, Savage DD, Jantzie LL, Mellios N, Milligan ED. The LFA-1 antagonist BIRT377 reverses neuropathic pain in prenatal alcohol-exposed female rats via actions on peripheral and central neuroimmune function in discrete pain-relevant tissue regions. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:339-358. [PMID: 31918004 PMCID: PMC7316595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports show that moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) poses a risk factor for developing neuropathic pain following adult-onset peripheral nerve injury in male rats. Recently, evidence suggests that immune-related mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain in females are different compared to males despite the fact that both sexes develop neuropathy of similar magnitude and duration following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Data suggest that the actions of peripheral T cells play a greater role in mediating neuropathy in females. The goal of the current study is to identify specificity of immune cell and cytokine changes between PAE and non-PAE neuropathic females by utilizing a well-characterized rodent model of sciatic nerve damage, in an effort to unmask unique signatures of immune-related factors underlying the risk of neuropathy from PAE. Cytokines typically associated with myeloid cell actions such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 as well as the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1, are examined. In addition, transcription factors and cytokines associated with various differentiated T cell subtypes are examined (anti-inflammatory FOXP3, proinflammatory IL-17A, IL-21, ROR-γt, interferon (IFN)-γ and T-bet). Lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is an adhesion molecule expressed on peripheral immune cells including T cells, and regulates T cell activation and extravasation into inflamed tissue regions. A potential therapeutic approach was explored with the goal of controlling proinflammatory responses in neuroanatomical regions critical for CCI-induced allodynia by blocking LFA-1 actions using BIRT377. The data show profound development of hindpaw allodynia in adult non-PAE control females following standard CCI, but not following minor CCI, while minor CCI generated allodynia in PAE females. The data also show substantial increases in T cell-associated proinflammatory cytokine mRNA and proteins, along with evidence of augmented myeloid/glial activation (mRNA) and induction of myeloid/glial-related proinflammatory cytokines, CCL2, IL-1β and TNF in discrete regions along the pain pathway (damaged sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia; DRG, and spinal cord). Interestingly, the characteristic anti-inflammatory IL-10 protein response to nerve damage is blunted in neuropathic PAE females. Moreover, T cell profiles are predominantly proinflammatory in neuropathic Sac and PAE females, augmented levels of Th17-specific proinflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-21, as well as the Th1-specific factor, T-bet, are observed. Similarly, the expression of RORγt, a critical transcription factor for Th17 cells, is detected in the spinal cord of neuropathic females. Blocking peripheral LFA-1 actions with intravenous (i.v.) BIRT377 reverses allodynia in Sac and PAE rats, dampens myeloid (IL-1β, TNF, CXCL1)- and T cell-associated proinflammatory factors (IL-17A and RORγt) and spinal glial activation. Moreover, i.v. BIRT377 treatment reverses the blunted IL-10 response to CCI observed only in neuropathic PAE rats and elevates FOXP3 in pain-reversed Sac rats. Unexpectedly, intrathecal BIRT377 treatment is unable to alter allodynia in either Sac or PAE neuropathic females. Together, these data provide evidence that: 1) fully differentiated proinflammatory Th17 cells recruited at the sciatic nerve, DRGs and lumbar spinal cord may interact with the local environment to shape the immune responses underlying neuropathy in female rats, and, 2) PAE primes peripheral and spinal immune responses in adult females. PAE is a risk factor in females for developing peripheral neuropathy after minor nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahani Noor
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Joshua J. Sanchez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Melody S. Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Zinia Pervin
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Jacob E. Sanchez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Mara A. Havard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 8713,USA
| | - Lauren T. Epler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-001, USA
| | - Monique V. Nysus
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, New Mexico Center for Isotopes in Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Norenberg
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, New Mexico Center for Isotopes in Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, MN 55455, USA
| | - Suzy Davies
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Daniel D. Savage
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| | - Lauren L. Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Erin. D. Milligan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131,USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Recent insights of T cell receptor-mediated signaling pathways for T cell activation and development. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:750-761. [PMID: 32439954 PMCID: PMC7272404 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation requires extracellular stimulatory signals that are mainly mediated by T cell receptor (TCR) complexes. The TCR recognizes antigens on major histocompatibility complex molecules with the cooperation of CD4 or CD8 coreceptors. After recognition, TCR-induced signaling cascades that propagate signals via various molecules and second messengers are induced. Consequently, many features of T cell-mediated immune responses are determined by these intracellular signaling cascades. Furthermore, differences in the magnitude of TCR signaling direct T cells toward distinct effector linages. Therefore, stringent regulation of T cell activation is crucial for T cell homeostasis and proper immune responses. Dysregulation of TCR signaling can result in anergy or autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the pathways that govern how the TCR complex transmits signals into cells and the roles of effector molecules that are involved in these pathways.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen SH, Perez-Aguilar JM, Zhou R. Graphene-extracted membrane lipids facilitate the activation of integrin α vβ 8. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7939-7949. [PMID: 32232233 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable electrochemical properties of graphene, strong van der Waals attraction between graphene and biomolecules often causes cytotoxicity, which hinders its applications in the biomedical field. Unfortunately, surface passivation of graphene might stimulate undesired immune response as the nanomaterial triggers cytokine production through membrane receptor activation. Herein, we use all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to unravel the underlying mechanism of graphene-induced inside-out activation of integrin αvβ8, a prominent membrane receptor expressed in immune cells. We model the transmembrane (TM) domains of integrin αvβ8 in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid bilayer and observe the structural changes in the integrin-membrane complex when interacting with a graphene nanosheet across the membrane. We find that the β8 TM domain interacts with the graphene nanosheet directly or indirectly through extracted lipids, facilitating the pulling of a β8 subunit away from an αv subunit and thus leading to the disruption of the TM domain association by breaking the hydrophobic cluster in the cytoplasmic domains of the αv and β8 subunits. Alanine substitution of two conserved phenylalanine residues on the αv subunit at this hydrophobic cluster further reveals the importance of a stable T-shaped structure in retaining integrin in its inactive state. Our results agree with previous studies on the interactions between other integrin subtypes and their endogenous activators, suggesting an intriguing role that the graphene nanosheet may play in the integrin-related signal transduction during its interaction with the membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena H Chen
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Natural IgM dominates in vivo performance of liposomes. J Control Release 2020; 319:371-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
45
|
Phenotypic and Functional Changes in Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells in Crohn Disease Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6401969. [PMID: 32148442 PMCID: PMC7049869 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6401969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated activation status, cytotoxic potential, and gut homing ability of the peripheral blood Natural Killer (NK) cells in Crohn disease (CD) patients. For this purpose, we compared the expression of different activating and inhibitory receptors (KIR and non-KIR) and integrins on NK cells as well as their recent degranulation history between the patients and age-matched healthy controls. The study was conducted using freshly obtained peripheral blood samples from the study participants. Multiple color flow cytometry was used for these determinations. Our results show that NK cells from treatment-naïve CD patients expressed higher levels of activating KIR as well as other non-KIR activating receptors vis-à-vis healthy controls. They also showed increased frequencies of the cells expressing these receptors. The expression of several KIR and non-KIR inhibitory receptors tended to decrease compared with the cells from healthy donors. NK cells from the patients also expressed increased levels of different gut-homing integrin molecules and showed a history of increased recent degranulation events both constitutively and in response to their in vitro stimulation. Furthermore, treatment of the patients tended to reverse these NK cell changes. Our results demonstrate unequivocally, for the first time, that peripheral blood NK cells in treatment-naïve CD patients are more activated and are more poised to migrate to the gut compared to their counterpart cells from healthy individuals. Moreover, they show that treatment of the patients tends to normalize their NK cells. The results suggest that NK cells are very likely to play a role in the immunopathogenesis of Crohn disease.
Collapse
|
46
|
Saeed MB, Record J, Westerberg LS. Two sides of the coin: Cytoskeletal regulation of immune synapses in cancer and primary immune deficiencies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:1-97. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
47
|
Biram A, Davidzohn N, Shulman Z. T cell interactions with B cells during germinal center formation, a three-step model. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:37-48. [PMID: 30874355 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of effective immunity against invading microbes depends on continuous generation of antibodies that facilitate pathogen clearance. Long-lived plasma cells with the capacity to produce high affinity antibodies evolve in germinal centers (GCs), where B cells undergo somatic hypermutation and are subjected to affinity-based selection. Here, we focus on the cellular interactions that take place early in the antibody immune response during GC colonization. Clones bearing B-cell receptors with different affinities and specificities compete for entry to the GC, at the boundary between the B-cell and T-cell zones in lymphoid organs. During this process, B cells compete for interactions with T follicular helper cells, which provide selection signals required for differentiation into GC cells and antibody secreting cells. These cellular engagements are long-lasting and depend on activation of adhesion molecules that support persistent interactions and promote transmission of signals between the cells. Here, we discuss how interactions between cognate T and B cells are primarily maintained by three types of molecular interactions: homophilic signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) interactions, T-cell receptor: peptide-loaded major histocompatibility class II (pMHCII), and LFA-1:ICAMs. These essential components support a three-step process that controls clonal selection for entry into the antibody affinity maturation response in the GC, and establishment of long-lasting antibody-mediated immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Biram
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Natalia Davidzohn
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vanderwall AG, Milligan ED. Cytokines in Pain: Harnessing Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory Signaling for Improved Pain Management. Front Immunol 2019; 10:3009. [PMID: 31921220 PMCID: PMC6935995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current pain therapeutics offer inadequate relief to patients with chronic pain. A growing literature supports that pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling between immune, glial, and neural cells is integral to the development of pathological pain. Modulation of these communications may hold the key to improved pain management. In this review we first offer an overview of the relationships between pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine signaling and pathological pain, with a focus on the actions of cytokines and chemokines in communication between glia (astrocytes and microglia), immune cells (macrophages and T cells), and neurons. These interactions will be discussed in relation to both peripheral and central nervous system locations. Several novel non-neuronal drug targets for controlling pain are emerging as highly promising, including non-viral IL-10 gene therapy, which offer the potential for substantial pain relief through localized modulation of targeted cytokine pathways. Preclinical investigation of the mechanisms underlying the success of IL-10 gene therapy revealed the unexpected discovery of the powerful anti-nociceptive anti-inflammatory properties of D-mannose, an adjuvant in the non-viral gene therapeutic formulation. This review will include gene therapeutic approaches showing the most promise in controlling pro-inflammatory signaling via increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-4, or by directly limiting the bioavailability of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, as with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by the TNF soluble receptor (TNFSR). Approaches that increase endogenous anti-inflammatory signaling may offer additional opportunities for pain therapeutic development in patients not candidates for gene therapy. Promising novel avenues discussed here include the disruption of lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) activity, antagonism at the cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonism. Given the partial efficacy of current drugs, new strategies to manipulate neuroimmune and cytokine interactions hold considerable promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arden G. Vanderwall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Erin D. Milligan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
A Loss-of-Function Mutation in the Integrin Alpha L ( Itgal) Gene Contributes to Susceptibility to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Collaborative Cross Strain CC042. Infect Immun 2019; 88:IAI.00656-19. [PMID: 31636138 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00656-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an intracellular bacterium found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian, avian, and reptilian hosts. Mouse models have been extensively used to model in vivo distinct aspects of human Salmonella infections and have led to the identification of several host susceptibility genes. We have investigated the susceptibility of Collaborative Cross strains to intravenous infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model of human systemic invasive infection. In this model, strain CC042/GeniUnc (CC042) mice displayed extreme susceptibility with very high bacterial loads and mortality. CC042 mice showed lower spleen weights and decreased splenocyte numbers before and after infection, affecting mostly CD8+ T cells, B cells, and all myeloid cell populations, compared with control C57BL/6J mice. CC042 mice also had lower thymus weights with a reduced total number of thymocytes and double-negative and double-positive (CD4+, CD8+) thymocytes compared to C57BL/6J mice. Analysis of bone marrow-resident hematopoietic progenitors showed a strong bias against lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors. An F2 cross between CC042 and C57BL/6N mice identified two loci on chromosome 7 (Stsl6 and Stsl7) associated with differences in bacterial loads. In the Stsl7 region, CC042 carried a loss-of-function variant, unique to this strain, in the integrin alpha L (Itgal) gene, the causative role of which was confirmed by a quantitative complementation test. Notably, Itgal loss of function increased the susceptibility to S. Typhimurium in a (C57BL/6J × CC042)F1 mouse background but not in a C57BL/6J mouse inbred background. These results further emphasize the utility of the Collaborative Cross to identify new host genetic variants controlling susceptibility to infections and improve our understanding of the function of the Itgal gene.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gouttefangeas C, Schuhmacher J, Dimitrov S. Adhering to adhesion: assessing integrin conformation to monitor T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1855-1863. [PMID: 31309255 PMCID: PMC11028104 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring T cells is of major importance for the development of immunotherapies. Recent sophisticated assays can address particular aspects of the anti-tumor T-cell repertoire or support very large-scale immune screening for biomarker discovery. Robust methods for the routine assessment of the quantity and quality of antigen-specific T cells remain, however, essential. This review discusses selected methods that are commonly used for T-cell monitoring and summarizes the advantages and limitations of these assays. We also present a new functional assay, which specifically detects activated β2 integrins within a very short time following CD8+ T-cell stimulation. Because of its unique and favorable characteristics, this assay could be useful for implementation into our T-cell monitoring toolbox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Juliane Schuhmacher
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stoyan Dimitrov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Müller Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Otfried-Müller Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|