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Dresselhaus EC, Harris KP, Blanchette CR, Koles K, Del Signore SJ, Pescosolido MF, Ermanoska B, Rozencwaig M, Soslowsky RC, Parisi MJ, Stewart BA, Mosca TJ, Rodal AA. ESCRT disruption provides evidence against trans-synaptic signaling via extracellular vesicles. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202405025. [PMID: 38842573 PMCID: PMC11157088 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202405025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by many cell types, including neurons, carrying cargoes involved in signaling and disease. It is unclear whether EVs promote intercellular signaling or serve primarily to dispose of unwanted materials. We show that loss of multivesicular endosome-generating endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery disrupts release of EV cargoes from Drosophila motor neurons. Surprisingly, ESCRT depletion does not affect the signaling activities of the EV cargo Synaptotagmin-4 (Syt4) and disrupts only some signaling activities of the EV cargo evenness interrupted (Evi). Thus, these cargoes may not require intercellular transfer via EVs, and instead may be conventionally secreted or function cell-autonomously in the neuron. We find that EVs are phagocytosed by glia and muscles, and that ESCRT disruption causes compensatory autophagy in presynaptic neurons, suggesting that EVs are one of several redundant mechanisms to remove cargoes from synapses. Our results suggest that synaptic EV release serves primarily as a proteostatic mechanism for certain cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn P. Harris
- Office of the Vice-Principal, Research and Innovation, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | | | - Kate Koles
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark Rozencwaig
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Parisi
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryan A. Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timothy J. Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avital A. Rodal
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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2
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Dresselhaus EC, Harris KP, Blanchette CR, Koles K, Del Signore SJ, Pescosolido MF, Ermanoska B, Rozencwaig M, Soslowsky RC, Parisi MJ, Stewart BA, Mosca TJ, Rodal AA. ESCRT disruption provides evidence against transsynaptic signaling functions for extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.22.537920. [PMID: 38746182 PMCID: PMC11092503 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.22.537920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by many cell types including neurons, carrying cargoes involved in signaling and disease. It is unclear whether EVs promote intercellular signaling or serve primarily to dispose of unwanted materials. We show that loss of multivesicular endosome-generating ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery disrupts release of EV cargoes from Drosophila motor neurons. Surprisingly, ESCRT depletion does not affect the signaling activities of the EV cargo Synaptotagmin-4 (Syt4) and disrupts only some signaling activities of the EV cargo Evenness Interrupted (Evi). Thus, these cargoes may not require intercellular transfer via EVs, and instead may be conventionally secreted or function cell autonomously in the neuron. We find that EVs are phagocytosed by glia and muscles, and that ESCRT disruption causes compensatory autophagy in presynaptic neurons, suggesting that EVs are one of several redundant mechanisms to remove cargoes from synapses. Our results suggest that synaptic EV release serves primarily as a proteostatic mechanism for certain cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn P. Harris
- Office of the Vice-Principal, Research and Innovation, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | | | - Kate Koles
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J. Parisi
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bryan A. Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timothy J. Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA
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3
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Zhen Y, Stenmark H. Autophagosome Biogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040668. [PMID: 36831335 PMCID: PMC9954227 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasm-plays a central role in cellular homeostasis and protects cells from potentially harmful agents that may accumulate in the cytoplasm, including pathogens, protein aggregates, and dysfunctional organelles. This process is initiated by the formation of a phagophore membrane, which wraps around a portion of cytoplasm or cargo and closes to form a double-membrane autophagosome. Upon the fusion of the autophagosome with a lysosome, the sequestered material is degraded by lysosomal hydrolases in the resulting autolysosome. Several alternative membrane sources of autophagosomes have been proposed, including the plasma membrane, endosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, hybrid organelles, and de novo synthesis. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of how the autophagosome is formed and highlight the proposed role of vesicles that contain the lipid scramblase ATG9 as potential seeds for phagophore biogenesis. We also discuss how the phagophore is sealed by the action of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +47-22781911 (Y.Z.); +47-22781818 (H.S.)
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.S.); Tel.: +47-22781911 (Y.Z.); +47-22781818 (H.S.)
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Tufan AB, Lazarow K, Kolesnichenko M, Sporbert A, von Kries JP, Scheidereit C. TSG101 associates with PARP1 and is essential for PARylation and DNA damage-induced NF-κB activation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110372. [PMID: 36124865 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a genome-wide screening for components of the dsDNA-break-induced IKK-NF-κB pathway, we identified scores of regulators, including tumor susceptibility gene TSG101. TSG101 is essential for DNA damage-induced formation of cellular poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). TSG101 binds to PARP1 and is required for PARP1 activation. This function of TSG101 is independent of its role in the ESCRT-I endosomal sorting complex. In the absence of TSG101, the PAR-dependent formation of a nuclear PARP1-IKKγ signalosome, which triggers IKK activation, is impaired. According to its requirement for PARP1 and NF-κB activation, TSG101-deficient cells are defective in DNA repair and apoptosis protection. Loss of TSG101 results in PARP1 trapping at damage sites and mimics the effect of pharmacological PARP inhibition. We also show that the loss of TSG101 in connection with inactivated tumor suppressors BRCA1/2 in breast cancer cells is lethal. Our results imply TSG101 as a therapeutic target to achieve synthetic lethality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Buğra Tufan
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katina Lazarow
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Kolesnichenko
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Claus Scheidereit
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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5
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Ubap1 knock-in mice reproduced the phenotype of SPG80. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:679-686. [PMID: 35962060 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SPG80 is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a pure type of juvenile-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia and is caused by a heterozygous mutation of the UBAP1 (ubiquitin-associated protein 1) gene. UBAP1 is one of the subunits of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport I and plays a role in endosome sorting by binding to ubiquitin-tagged proteins. In this study, we generated novel Ubap1+/E176Efx23 knock-in mice, in which the SOUBA domain of Ubap1 was completely deleted with the UMA domain being intact, as an animal model of SPG80. The knock-in mice with this heterozygous Ubap1 truncated mutation appeared normal at birth, but they developed progressive hind limb dysfunction several months later. Molecular pathologically, loss of neurons in the spinal cord and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins were observed in Ubap1+/E176Efx23 knock-in mice. In addition, changes in the distributions of Rab5 and Rab7 in the spinal cord suggest that this mutation in Ubap1 disturbs endosome-mediated vesicular trafficking. This is the first report of a mouse model that reproduces the phenotype of SPG80. Our knock-in mice may provide a clue for understanding the molecular pathogenesis underlying UBAP1-related HSP and screening of therapeutic agents.
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6
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Shin H, Park D, Kim J, Nam MY, Kwon S, Um DE, Oh JE, Youn E, Shim YH, Wagner KU, Jun JH, Kim HR, Song H, Lim HJ. Peripubertal requirement of Tsg101 in maintaining the integrity of membranous structures in mouse oocytes. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13288. [PMID: 35768997 PMCID: PMC9528763 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As a component of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) complex I, the tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) carries out multiple functions. In this work, we report that oocyte‐specific deletion of tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) leads to age‐dependent oocyte demise in mice. Materials and Method Tsg101 floxed mice (Tsg101f/f) were bred with Zp3cre transgenic mice to examine oocyte‐specific roles of Tsg101. Multiple cellular and molecular biological approaches were taken to examine what leads to oocyte demise in the absence of Tsg101. Results The death of oocytes from Zp3cre/Tsg101f/f (Tsg101d/d thereafter) mice showed a strong correlation with sexual maturation, as gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist injections improved the survival rate of oocytes from 5‐week‐old Tsg101d/d mice. Maturation of oocytes from prepubertal Tsg101d/d mice proceeded normally, but was largely abnormal in oocytes from peripubertal Tsg101d/d mice, showing shrinkage or rupture. Endolysosomal structures in oocytes from peripubertal Tsg101d/d mice showed abnormalities, with aberrant patterns of early and late endosomal markers and a high accumulation of lysosomes. Dying oocytes showed plasma membrane blebs and leakage. Blockage of endocytosis in oocytes at 4°C prevented cytoplasmic shrinkage of oocytes from Tsg101d/d mice until 9 h. The depletion of tsg‐101 in Caenorhabditis elegans increased the permeability of oocytes and embryos, suggesting a conserved role of Tsg101 in maintaining membrane integrity. Conclusions Collectively, Tsg101 plays a dual role in maintaining the integrity of membranous structures, which is influenced by age in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Shin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Maria S Fertility Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Maria Plus Fertility Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yeong Nam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Maria Fertility Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Um
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Maria Fertility Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Oh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Youn
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yhong-Hee Shim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jin Hyun Jun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jade Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Wróbel M, Cendrowski J, Szymańska E, Grębowicz-Maciukiewicz M, Budick-Harmelin N, Macias M, Szybińska A, Mazur M, Kolmus K, Goryca K, Dąbrowska M, Paziewska A, Mikula M, Miączyńska M. ESCRT-I fuels lysosomal degradation to restrict TFEB/TFE3 signaling via the Rag-mTORC1 pathway. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/7/e202101239. [PMID: 35354596 PMCID: PMC8967991 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ESCRT-I deficiency impairs lysosome membrane turnover and induces homeostatic responses to lysosomal nutrient starvation including activation of MiT-TFE signaling caused by inhibition of the substrate-specific mTORC1 pathway. Within the endolysosomal pathway in mammalian cells, ESCRT complexes facilitate degradation of proteins residing in endosomal membranes. Here, we show that mammalian ESCRT-I restricts the size of lysosomes and promotes degradation of proteins from lysosomal membranes, including MCOLN1, a Ca2+ channel protein. The altered lysosome morphology upon ESCRT-I depletion coincided with elevated expression of genes annotated to biogenesis of lysosomes due to prolonged activation of TFEB/TFE3 transcription factors. Lack of ESCRT-I also induced transcription of cholesterol biosynthesis genes, in response to inefficient delivery of cholesterol from endolysosomal compartments. Among factors that could possibly activate TFEB/TFE3 signaling upon ESCRT-I deficiency, we excluded lysosomal cholesterol accumulation and Ca2+-mediated dephosphorylation of TFEB/TFE3. However, we discovered that this activation occurs due to the inhibition of Rag GTPase–dependent mTORC1 pathway that specifically reduced phosphorylation of TFEB at S122. Constitutive activation of the Rag GTPase complex in cells lacking ESCRT-I restored S122 phosphorylation and prevented TFEB/TFE3 activation. Our results indicate that ESCRT-I deficiency evokes a homeostatic response to counteract lysosomal nutrient starvation, that is, improper supply of nutrients derived from lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wróbel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Cendrowski
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szymańska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Noga Budick-Harmelin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matylda Macias
- Microscopy and Cytometry Facility, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szybińska
- Microscopy and Cytometry Facility, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kolmus
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Miączyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Georgiev V, Avalos-Padilla Y, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Dimova R. Femtoliter Injection of ESCRT-III Proteins into Adhered Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4328. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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9
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Wallis SS, Ventimiglia LN, Otigbah E, Infante E, Cuesta-Geijo MA, Kidiyoor GR, Carbajal MA, Fleck RA, Foiani M, Garcia-Manyes S, Martin-Serrano J, Agromayor M. The ESCRT machinery counteracts Nesprin-2G-mediated mechanical forces during nuclear envelope repair. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3192-3202.e8. [PMID: 34818527 PMCID: PMC8657813 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transient nuclear envelope ruptures during interphase (NERDI) occur due to cytoskeletal compressive forces at sites of weakened lamina, and delayed NERDI repair results in genomic instability. Nuclear envelope (NE) sealing is completed by endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. A key unanswered question is how local compressive forces are counteracted to allow efficient membrane resealing. Here, we identify the ESCRT-associated protein BROX as a crucial factor required to accelerate repair of the NE. Critically, BROX binds Nesprin-2G, a component of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex (LINC). This interaction promotes Nesprin-2G ubiquitination and facilitates the relaxation of mechanical stress imposed by compressive actin fibers at the rupture site. Thus, BROX rebalances excessive cytoskeletal forces in cells experiencing NE instability to promote effective NERDI repair. Our results demonstrate that BROX coordinates mechanoregulation with membrane remodeling to ensure the maintenance of nuclear-cytoplasmic compartmentalization and genomic stability. Cytoskeletal forces exerted on the nucleus can rupture its membrane BROX is recruited to sites of rupture by the ESCRT membrane remodeling machinery BROX ubiquitinates the LINC complex protein Nesprin-2G, targeting it for degradation BROX coordinates local relaxation of mechanical stress with membrane remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Wallis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Leandro N Ventimiglia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Evita Otigbah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elvira Infante
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Miguel Angel Cuesta-Geijo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gururaj Rao Kidiyoor
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marco Foiani
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Juan Martin-Serrano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Monica Agromayor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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10
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Parkinson G, Roboti P, Zhang L, Taylor S, Woodman P. His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase and Rabaptin-5 couple endo-lysosomal sorting of EGFR with endosomal maturation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272512. [PMID: 34657963 PMCID: PMC8627557 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP; also known as PTPN23) collaborates with endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) to sort endosomal cargo into intralumenal vesicles, forming the multivesicular body (MVB). Completion of MVB sorting is accompanied by maturation of the endosome into a late endosome, an event that requires inactivation of the early endosomal GTPase Rab5 (herein referring to generically to all isoforms). Here, we show that HD-PTP links ESCRT function with endosomal maturation. HD-PTP depletion prevents MVB sorting, while also blocking cargo from exiting Rab5-rich endosomes. HD-PTP-depleted cells contain hyperphosphorylated Rabaptin-5 (also known as RABEP1), a cofactor for the Rab5 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rabex-5 (also known as RABGEF1), although HD-PTP is unlikely to directly dephosphorylate Rabaptin-5. In addition, HD-PTP-depleted cells exhibit Rabaptin-5-dependent hyperactivation of Rab5. HD-PTP binds directly to Rabaptin-5, between its Rabex-5- and Rab5-binding domains. This binding reaction involves the ESCRT-0/ESCRT-III binding site in HD-PTP, which is competed for by an ESCRT-III peptide. Jointly, these findings indicate that HD-PTP may alternatively scaffold ESCRTs and modulate Rabex-5–Rabaptin-5 activity, thereby helping to coordinate the completion of MVB sorting with endosomal maturation. Summary: Sorting of endocytic cargo to the multivesicular body is accompanied by endosomal maturation. Here, we provide a potential mechanism by which these two processes are linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Parkinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Peristera Roboti
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ling Zhang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sandra Taylor
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip Woodman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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11
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The Role of Exosome and the ESCRT Pathway on Enveloped Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169060. [PMID: 34445766 PMCID: PMC8396519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system consists of peripheral membrane protein complexes ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III VPS4-VTA1, and ALIX homodimer. This system plays an important role in the degradation of non-essential or dangerous plasma membrane proteins, the biogenesis of lysosomes and yeast vacuoles, the budding of most enveloped viruses, and promoting membrane shedding of cytokinesis. Recent results show that exosomes and the ESCRT pathway play important roles in virus infection. This review mainly focuses on the roles of exosomes and the ESCRT pathway in virus assembly, budding, and infection of enveloped viruses. The elaboration of the mechanism of exosomes and the ESCRT pathway in some enveloped viruses provides important implications for the further study of the infection mechanism of other enveloped viruses.
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12
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Lakkaraju AKK, Frontzek K, Lemes E, Herrmann U, Losa M, Marpakwar R, Aguzzi A. Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14714. [PMID: 34291577 PMCID: PMC8518562 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain‐matter vacuolation is a defining trait of all prion diseases, yet its cause is unknown. Here, we report that prion infection and prion‐mimetic antibodies deplete the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve—which controls endolysosomal maturation—from mouse brains, cultured cells, organotypic brain slices, and brains of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease victims. We found that PIKfyve is acylated by the acyltransferases zDHHC9 and zDHHC21, whose juxtavesicular topology is disturbed by prion infection, resulting in PIKfyve deacylation and rapid degradation, as well as endolysosomal hypertrophy and activation of TFEB‐dependent lysosomal enzymes. A protracted unfolded protein response (UPR), typical of prion diseases, also induced PIKfyve deacylation and degradation. Conversely, UPR antagonists restored PIKfyve levels in prion‐infected cells. Overexpression of zDHHC9 and zDHHC21, administration of the antiprion polythiophene LIN5044, or supplementation with the PIKfyve reaction product PI(3,5)P2 suppressed prion‐induced vacuolation and restored lysosomal homeostasis. Thus, PIKfyve emerges as a central mediator of vacuolation and neurotoxicity in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emina Lemes
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Uli Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Losa
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Byun H, Kwon S, Wagner KU, Shin H, Lim HJ. Tumor susceptibility gene 101 is required for the maintenance of uterine epithelial cells during embryo implantation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:112. [PMID: 34271917 PMCID: PMC8283893 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101), a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex I, is involved in multiple biological processes involving endomembranous structures and the plasma membrane. The role of Tsg101 in the uterine epithelium was investigated in Tsg101 floxed mice crossed with Lactoferrin-iCre mice (Tsg101d/d). METHODS Tsg101d/d mice were bred with stud male mice and the status of pregnancy was examined on days 4 and 6. Histological analyses were performed to examine the uterine architecture. Immunofluorescence staining of several markers was examined by confocal microscopy. Uterine epithelial cells (UECs) were isolated from Tsg101f/f and Tsg101d/d mice, and the expression of necroptosis effectors was examined by RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. UECs were also subjected to RNA expression profiling. RESULTS Tsg101d/d female mice were subfertile with implantation failure, showing unattached blastocysts on day 6 of pregnancy. Histological and marker analyses revealed that some Tsg101d/d day 4 pregnant uteri showed a disintegrated uterine epithelial structure. Tsg101d/d UECs began to degenerate within 18 h of culture. In UECs, expression of necroptosis effectors, such as RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL were first confirmed. UECs responded to a stimulus to activate necroptosis and showed increased cell death. CONCLUSIONS Tsg101 deficiency in the uterine epithelium causes implantation failure, which may be caused by epithelial defects. This study provides evidence that UECs harbor a necroptotic machinery that responds to death-inducing signals. Thus, Tsg101 expression in the uterine epithelium is required for normal pregnancy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Byun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Tumor Biology Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, EL01TM, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hyejin Shin
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jade Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R. Quantitative proteomics identifies the core proteome of exosomes with syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a putative universal biomarker. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:631-641. [PMID: 34108659 PMCID: PMC9290189 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles derived from the endosomal compartment that are potentially involved in intercellular communication. Here, we found that frequently used biomarkers of exosomes are heterogeneous, and do not exhibit universal utility across different cell types. To uncover ubiquitous and abundant proteins, we used an unbiased and quantitative proteomic approach based on super-stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (super-SILAC), coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 1,212 proteins were quantified in the proteome of exosomes, irrespective of the cellular source or isolation method. A cohort of 22 proteins was universally enriched. Fifteen proteins were consistently depleted in the proteome of exosomes compared to cells. Among the enriched proteins, we identified biogenesis-related proteins, GTPases and membrane proteins, such as CD47 and ITGB1. The cohort of depleted proteins in exosomes was predominantly composed of nuclear proteins. We identified syntenin-1 as a consistently abundant protein in exosomes from different cellular origins. Syntenin-1 is also present in exosomes across different species and biofluids, highlighting its potential use as a putative universal biomarker of exosomes. Our study provides a comprehensive quantitative atlas of core proteins ubiquitous to exosomes that can serve as a resource for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly Hodge
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xunian Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Michelini S, Barbero F, Prinelli A, Steiner P, Weiss R, Verwanger T, Andosch A, Lütz-Meindl U, Puntes VF, Drobne D, Duschl A, Horejs-Hoeck J. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) impair LPS-driven immune responses by promoting a tolerogenic-like dendritic cell phenotype with altered endosomal structures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7648-7666. [PMID: 33928963 PMCID: PMC8087175 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) shape immune responses by influencing T-cell activation. Thus, they are considered both an interesting model for studying nano-immune interactions and a promising target for nano-based biomedical applications. However, the accentuated ability of nanoparticles (NPs) to interact with biomolecules may have an impact on DC function that poses an unexpected risk of unbalanced immune reactions. Here, we investigated the potential effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on DC function and the consequences for effector and memory T-cell responses in the presence of the microbial inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Overall, we found that, in the absence of LPS, none of the tested NPs induced a DC response. However, whereas 4-, 8-, and 11 nm AuNPs did not modulate LPS-dependent immune responses, 26 nm AuNPs shifted the phenotype of LPS-activated DCs toward a tolerogenic state, characterized by downregulation of CD86, IL-12 and IL-27, upregulation of ILT3, and induction of class E compartments. Moreover, this DC phenotype was less proficient in promoting Th1 activation and central memory T-cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings support the perception that AuNPs are safe under homeostatic conditions; however, particular care should be taken in patients experiencing a current infection or disorders of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Michelini
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Insitut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Philip Steiner
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Thomas Verwanger
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ancuela Andosch
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Victor F Puntes
- Insitut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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16
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Pannen H, Rapp T, Klein T. The ESCRT machinery regulates retromer-dependent transcytosis of septate junction components in Drosophila. eLife 2020; 9:61866. [PMID: 33377869 PMCID: PMC7848756 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of ESCRT function in Drosophila imaginal discs is known to cause neoplastic overgrowth fueled by mis-regulation of signaling pathways. Its impact on junctional integrity, however, remains obscure. To dissect the events leading to neoplasia, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on wing imaginal discs temporally depleted of the ESCRT-III core component Shrub. We find a specific requirement for Shrub in maintaining septate junction (SJ) integrity by transporting the claudin Megatrachea (Mega) to the SJ. In absence of Shrub function, Mega is lost from the SJ and becomes trapped on endosomes coated with the endosomal retrieval machinery retromer. We show that ESCRT function is required for apical localization and mobility of retromer positive carrier vesicles, which mediate the biosynthetic delivery of Mega to the SJ. Accordingly, loss of retromer function impairs the anterograde transport of several SJ core components, revealing a novel physiological role for this ancient endosomal agent. Proteins are large molecules responsible for a variety of activities that cells needs to perform to survive; from respiration to copying DNA before cells divide. To perform these roles proteins need to be transported to the correct cell compartment, or to the cell membrane. This protein trafficking depends on the endosomal system, a set of membrane compartments that can travel within the cell and act as a protein sorting hub. This system needs its own proteins to work properly. In particular, there are two sets of proteins that are crucial for the endosomal systems activity: a group of proteins known as the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery and a complex called retromer. The retromer complex regulates recycling of receptor proteins so they can be reused, while the ESCRT machinery mediates degradation of proteins that the cell does not require anymore. In the epithelia of fruit fly larvae – the tissues that form layers of cells, usually covering an organ but also making structures like wings – defects in ESCRT activity lead to a loss of tissue integrity. This loss of tissue integrity suggests that the endosomal system might be involved in transporting proteins that form cellular junctions, the multiprotein complexes that establish contacts between cells or between a cell and the extracellular space. In arthropods such as the fruit fly, the adherens junction and the septate junction are two types of cellular junctions important for the integrity of epithelia integrity. Adherens junctions allow cells to adhere to each other, while septate junctions stop nutrient molecules, ions and water from leaking into the tissue. The role of the endosomal system in trafficking the proteins that form septate junctions remains a mystery. To better understand the role of the endosomal system in regulating cell junctions and tissue integrity, Pannen et al. blocked the activity of either the ESCRT or retromer in wing imaginal discs – the future wings – of fruit fly larvae. Pannen et al. then analyzed the effects of these endosomal defects on cellular junctions using an imaging technique called transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that both ESCRT and retromer activities are necessary for the correct delivery of septate junction components to the cell membrane. However, neither retromer nor ESCRT were required for the delivery of adherens junction proteins. These findings shed light on how retromer and the ESCRT machinery are involved in the epithelial tissue integrity of fruit fly larvae through their effects on cell junctions. Humans have their own versions of the ESCRT, retromer, and cell junction proteins, all of which are very similar to their fly counterparts. Since defects in the human versions of these proteins have been associated with a variety of diseases, from infections to cancer, these results may have implications for research into treating those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Pannen
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Rapp
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Toth AE, Holst MR, Nielsen MS. Vesicular Transport Machinery in Brain Endothelial Cells: What We Know and What We Do not. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1405-1416. [PMID: 32048959 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200212113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vesicular transport machinery regulates numerous essential functions in cells such as cell polarity, signaling pathways, and the transport of receptors and their cargoes. From a pharmaceutical perspective, vesicular transport offers avenues to facilitate the uptake of therapeutic agents into cells and across cellular barriers. In order to improve receptor-mediated transcytosis of biologics across the blood-brain barrier and into the diseased brain, a detailed understanding of intracellular transport mechanisms is essential. The vesicular transport machinery is a highly complex network and involves an array of protein complexes, cytosolic adaptor proteins, and the subcellular structures of the endo-lysosomal system. The endo-lysosomal system includes several types of vesicular entities such as early, late, and recycling endosomes, exosomes, ectosomes, retromer-coated vesicles, lysosomes, trans-endothelial channels, and tubules. While extensive research has been done on the trafficking system in many cell types, little is known about vesicular trafficking in brain endothelial cells. Consequently, assumptions on the transport system in endothelial cells are based on findings in polarised epithelial cells, although recent studies have highlighted differences in the endothelial system. This review highlights aspects of the vesicular trafficking machinery in brain endothelial cells, including recent findings, limitations, and opportunities for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Toth
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldberg Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel R Holst
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldberg Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten S Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldberg Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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The Multifaceted Roles of the Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) in Normal Development and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020450. [PMID: 32075127 PMCID: PMC7073217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidomain protein encoded by the Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) is ubiquitously expressed and is suggested to function in diverse intracellular processes. In this review, we provide a succinct overview of the main structural features of the protein and their suggested roles in molecular and cellular functions. We then summarize, in more detail, key findings from studies using genetically engineered animal models that demonstrate essential functions of TSG101 in cell proliferation and survival, normal tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. Despite studies on cell lines that provide insight into the molecular underpinnings by which TSG101 might function as a negative growth regulator, a biologically significant role of TSG101 as a tumor suppressor has yet to be confirmed using genuine in vivo cancer models. More recent observations from several cancer research teams suggest that TSG101 might function as an oncoprotein. A potential role of post-translational mechanisms that control the expression of the TSG101 protein in cancer is being discussed. In the final section of the review, we summarize critical issues that need to be addressed to gain a better understanding of biologically significant roles of TSG101 in cancer.
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19
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Imler E, Pyon JS, Kindelay S, Torvund M, Zhang YQ, Chandra SS, Zinsmaier KE. A Drosophila model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis CLN4 reveals a hypermorphic gain of function mechanism. eLife 2019; 8:e46607. [PMID: 31663851 PMCID: PMC6897512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) CLN4 is caused by mutations in the synaptic vesicle (SV) protein CSPα. We developed animal models of CLN4 by expressing CLN4 mutant human CSPα (hCSPα) in Drosophila neurons. Similar to patients, CLN4 mutations induced excessive oligomerization of hCSPα and premature lethality in a dose-dependent manner. Instead of being localized to SVs, most CLN4 mutant hCSPα accumulated abnormally, and co-localized with ubiquitinated proteins and the prelysosomal markers HRS and LAMP1. Ultrastructural examination revealed frequent abnormal membrane structures in axons and neuronal somata. The lethality, oligomerization and prelysosomal accumulation induced by CLN4 mutations was attenuated by reducing endogenous wild type (WT) dCSP levels and enhanced by increasing WT levels. Furthermore, reducing the gene dosage of Hsc70 also attenuated CLN4 phenotypes. Taken together, we suggest that CLN4 alleles resemble dominant hypermorphic gain of function mutations that drive excessive oligomerization and impair membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Imler
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Jin Sang Pyon
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Selina Kindelay
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Meaghan Torvund
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Yong-quan Zhang
- Department of NeuroscienceYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
- Department of NeurologyYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Sreeganga S Chandra
- Department of NeuroscienceYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
- Department of NeurologyYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Konrad E Zinsmaier
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
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20
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Bäumers M, Klose S, Brüser C, Haag C, Hänsch S, Pannen H, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Feldbrügge M, Klein T. The auxiliary ESCRT complexes provide robustness to cold in poikilothermic organisms. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.043422. [PMID: 31412999 PMCID: PMC6777356 DOI: 10.1242/bio.043422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT pathway, comprising the in sequence acting ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III and Vps4 complexes, conducts the abscission of membranes away from the cytosol. Whereas the components of the central ESCRT-III core complex have been thoroughly investigated, the function of the components of the associated two auxiliary ESCRT sub-complexes are not well-understood in metazoans, especially at the organismal level. We here present the developmental analysis of the Drosophila orthologs of the auxiliary ESCRTs Chmp5 and Ist1, DChmp5 and DIst1, which belong to the two auxiliary sub-complexes. While each single null mutant displayed mild defects in development, the Dist1 Dchmp5 double mutant displayed a severe defect, indicating that the two genes act synergistically, but in separate pathways. Moreover, the presented results indicate that the auxiliary ESCRTs provide robustness against cold during development of diverse poikilothermic organisms, probably by preventing the accumulation of the ESCRT-III core component Shrub on the endosomal membrane. Summary: The analysis of Chmp5 and Ist1, which belong to the two ESCRT auxiliary sub-complexes in Drosophila, suggests that these ESCRT proteins provide robustness against cold in diverse poikilothermic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bäumers
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Klose
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Brüser
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carl Haag
- Institute of Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hänsch
- Center of Advanced Imaging (CAi), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hendrik Pannen
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- Center of Advanced Imaging (CAi), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- Institute of Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Leptin Modulates Exosome Biogenesis in Breast Cancer Cells: An Additional Mechanism in Cell-to-Cell Communication. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071027. [PMID: 31336913 PMCID: PMC6678227 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes—small membrane vesicles secreted by both normal and malignant cells upon fusion of endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane—play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. During the last decade, several reports have highlighted the involvement of these nanovesicles in many aspects of breast cancer development and progression, but the extracellular signals governing their generation in breast cancer cells have not been completely unraveled. Here, we investigated the role of the obesity hormone leptin, a well-known adipokine implicated in mammary tumorigenesis, on the mechanisms regulating exosome biogenesis and release in both estrogen receptor α (ERα)—positive MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We found that leptin treatment enhanced the number of MVBs in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells and increased the amount of exosomes released in cell conditioned media. At molecular level, leptin increased the protein expression of Tsg101—a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport I (ESCRT-I)—by a post-transcriptional mechanism involving its direct interaction with the chaperone protein Hsp90. Targeting leptin signaling, by a selective leptin receptor antagonist the peptide LDFI (Leu-Asp-Phe-Ile), abrogated leptin effects on Tsg101 expression and on exosome secretion in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings, identifying for the first time leptin/leptin receptor/Hsp90 axis as an important regulator of exosome generation in mammary carcinoma cells, suggest that targeting this signaling pathway might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to impair exosome secretion and interrupt the dangerous cell-to-cell communication in breast cancer.
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22
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Bai X, Guo Y, Shi Y, Lin J, Tarique I, Wang X, Vistro WA, Huang Y, Chen H, Haseeb A, Yang P, Chen Q. In vivo multivesicular bodies and their exosomes in the absorptive cells of the zebrafish (Danio Rerio) gut. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:578-586. [PMID: 30885742 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication of gut epithelial cells is critical to gut mucosal homeostasis. Exosomes are important intercellular mediators in communication between cell to cell. Although many literature focus on the immunologic roles in the gut by the exosomes, the biological process of exosomes in the absorptive cells remains unknown. Uncovering the distribution, classification and formation process of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and their exosomes in the absorptive cells of the zebrafish gut, is urgently needed to establish a platform for immunological research of fish gut exosomes. The expression levels of CD63 and TSG101 were different among the three segments of the gut, and they were enriched at the apex of the mid gut villi. The characteristics of MVBs and their exosomes in the absorptive cells were further revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Early endosomes (ee) were mainly present in the apical and basal cytoplasm of absorptive cells. Late endosomes (le) were mostly distributed with the supranuclear part of these cells. "Heterogeneous" MVBs were detected underlying the apical membranes of absorptive cells. Many exosomes with some MVB-like structures occurred in the lumen, indicating that the release process was mainly through apical secretion. Various MVBs with exosomes and the endosome-heterogeneous MVB-exosome complex existed widely in the mid gut absorptive cells, concluding that zebrafish as a potential model for in vivo MVBs and their exosomes research. All the results were summarized in a schematic diagram illustrating the morphological characteristics of gut MVBs and their exosomes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yanna Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Imran Tarique
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Xindong Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Waseem Ali Vistro
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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Pre-embedding labeling for subcellular detection of molecules with electron microscopy. Tissue Cell 2019; 57:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Growth factor stimulation promotes multivesicular endosome biogenesis by prolonging recruitment of the late-acting ESCRT machinery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6858-6867. [PMID: 30894482 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817898116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) mediates the turnover of numerous integral membrane proteins and has been implicated in the down-regulation of growth factor signaling, thereby exhibiting properties of a tumor suppressor. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery plays a key role in MVE biogenesis, enabling cargo selection and intralumenal vesicle (ILV) budding. However, the spatiotemporal pattern of endogenous ESCRT complex assembly and disassembly in mammalian cells remains poorly defined. By combining CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and live cell imaging using lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM), we determined the native dynamics of both early- and late-acting ESCRT components at MVEs under multiple growth conditions. Specifically, our data indicate that ESCRT-0 accumulates quickly on endosomes, typically in less than 30 seconds, and its levels oscillate in a manner dependent on the downstream recruitment of ESCRT-I. Similarly, levels of the ESCRT-I complex also fluctuate on endosomes, but its average residency time is more than fivefold shorter compared with ESCRT-0. Vps4 accumulation is the most transient, however, suggesting that the completion of ILV formation occurs rapidly. Upon addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF), both ESCRT-I and Vps4 are retained at endosomes for dramatically extended periods of time, while ESCRT-0 dynamics are only modestly affected. Our findings are consistent with a model in which growth factor stimulation stabilizes late-acting components of the ESCRT machinery at endosomes to accelerate the rate of ILV biogenesis and attenuate signal transduction initiated by receptor activation.
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Minaidou A, Nicolaou P, Christodoulou K. Deregulation of LRSAM1 expression impairs the levels of TSG101, UBE2N, VPS28, MDM2 and EGFR. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211814. [PMID: 30726272 PMCID: PMC6364939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CMT is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder of the peripheral nervous system with a prevalence of 1/2500 individuals and it is caused by mutations in more than 80 genes. LRSAM1, a RING finger ubiquitin ligase also known as TSG101-associated ligase (TAL), has been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2P (CMT2P) and to date eight causative mutations have been identified. Little is currently known on the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to the disease. We investigated the effect of LRSAM1 deregulation on possible LRSAM1 interacting molecules in cell based models. Possible LRSAM1 interacting molecules were identified using protein-protein interaction databases and literature data. Expression analysis of these molecules was performed in both CMT2P patient and control lymphoblastoid cell lines as well as in LRSAM1 and TSG101 downregulated SH-SY5Y cells.TSG101, UBE2N, VPS28, EGFR and MDM2 levels were significantly decreased in the CMT2P patient lymphoblastoid cell line as well as in LRSAM1 downregulated cells. TSG101 downregulation had a significant effect only on the expression of VPS28 and MDM2 and it did not affect the levels of LRSAM1. This study confirms that LRSAM1 is a regulator of TSG101 expression. Furthermore, deregulation of LRSAM1 significantly affects the levels of UBE2N, VPS28, EGFR and MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Minaidou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
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26
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Publisher Note. Tissue Cell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Miller DSJ, Bloxham RD, Jiang M, Gori I, Saunders RE, Das D, Chakravarty P, Howell M, Hill CS. The Dynamics of TGF-β Signaling Are Dictated by Receptor Trafficking via the ESCRT Machinery. Cell Rep 2018; 25:1841-1855.e5. [PMID: 30428352 PMCID: PMC7615189 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways stimulated by secreted growth factors are tightly regulated at multiple levels between the cell surface and the nucleus. The trafficking of cell surface receptors is emerging as a key step for regulating appropriate cellular responses, with perturbations in this process contributing to human diseases, including cancer. For receptors recognizing ligands of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, little is known about how trafficking is regulated or how this shapes signaling dynamics. Here, using whole genome small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens, we have identified the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery as a crucial determinant of signal duration. Downregulation of ESCRT components increases the outputs of TGF-β signaling and sensitizes cells to low doses of ligand in their microenvironment. This sensitization drives an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to low doses of ligand, and we demonstrate a link between downregulation of the ESCRT machinery and cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S J Miller
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Robert D Bloxham
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ming Jiang
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ilaria Gori
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Debipriya Das
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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28
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Murakami K, Etlinger JD. Role of SMURF1 ubiquitin ligase in BMP receptor trafficking and signaling. Cell Signal 2018; 54:139-149. [PMID: 30395943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous germline mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor gene (BMPRII) are associated with hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH). Missense mutations, both in the extracellular ligand-binding and cytoplasmic kinase domains, mostly involve substitution of conserved Cys residues. Singular substitution at any of those Cys residues causes cytoplasmic, perinuclear localization of BMPR with reduced cell surface expression and BMP signaling. The present study examined the effect of Cys residue substitution on BMPR endocytic trafficking and lysosome degradation. We demonstrate that endocytosis/lysosomal degradation of BMPR occurs by two distinct pathways. SMURF1 ubiquitin ligase induces lysosomal degradation of BMPR, while ligase-inactive SMURF1 maintains BMPR protein level and cell surface expression. Substitution of BMPR Cys residues increases lysosomal degradation which is blocked by ligase-inactive SMURF1, elevating protein levels of Cys-substituted BMPRs. Expression of Cys-substituted BMPR suppresses basal BMP signaling activity which is also up-regulated by ligase-inactive SMURF1. Cys-residue substitution thus appears to cause BMPR endocytosis to lysosomes in a SMURF1 ubiquitin ligase-associated pathway. Kinase-activated BMPR undergoes endocytic/lysosomal degradation by a pathway with certain unique properties. Therefore, our results describe a novel mechanism whereby SMURF1 ubiquitin ligase regulates constitutive endocytosis of BMPR which may be mediated by its conserved Cys residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koko Murakami
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
| | - Joseph D Etlinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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29
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Gireud-Goss M, Reyes S, Wilson M, Farley M, Memarzadeh K, Srinivasan S, Sirisaengtaksin N, Yamashita S, Tsunoda S, Lang FF, Waxham MN, Bean AJ. Distinct mechanisms enable inward or outward budding from late endosomes/multivesicular bodies. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:1-15. [PMID: 30144444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulating the residence time of membrane proteins on the cell surface can modify their response to extracellular cues and allow for cellular adaptation in response to changing environmental conditions. The fate of membrane proteins that are internalized from the plasma membrane and arrive at the limiting membrane of the late endosome/multivesicular body (MVB) is dictated by whether they remain on the limiting membrane, bud into internal MVB vesicles, or bud outwardly from the membrane. The molecular details underlying the disposition of membrane proteins that transit this pathway and the mechanisms regulating these trafficking events are unclear. We established a cell-free system that reconstitutes budding of membrane protein cargo into internal MVB vesicles and onto vesicles that bud outwardly from the MVB membrane. Both budding reactions are cytosol-dependent and supported by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) cytosol. We observed that inward and outward budding from the MVB membrane are mechanistically distinct but may be linked, such that inhibition of inward budding triggers a re-routing of cargo from inward to outward budding vesicles, without affecting the number of vesicles that bud outwardly from MVBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gireud-Goss
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sahily Reyes
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Marenda Wilson
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Madeline Farley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kimiya Memarzadeh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Natalie Sirisaengtaksin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Susan Tsunoda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Andrew J Bean
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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30
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Mejlvang J, Olsvik H, Svenning S, Bruun JA, Abudu YP, Larsen KB, Brech A, Hansen TE, Brenne H, Hansen T, Stenmark H, Johansen T. Starvation induces rapid degradation of selective autophagy receptors by endosomal microautophagy. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3640-3655. [PMID: 30018090 PMCID: PMC6168274 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201711002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mejlvang et al. show that amino acid starvation of human fibroblasts and a lung cancer cell line induces a rapid and selective degradation of a subset of proteins, including autophagy receptors p62/SQSTM1, NBR1, TAX1BP1, NDP52, and NCOA4, that is independent from mTOR and canonical macroautophagy but dependent on endosomal microautophagy. It is not clear to what extent starvation-induced autophagy affects the proteome on a global scale and whether it is selective. In this study, we report based on quantitative proteomics that cells during the first 4 h of acute starvation elicit lysosomal degradation of up to 2–3% of the proteome. The most significant changes are caused by an immediate autophagic response elicited by shortage of amino acids but executed independently of mechanistic target of rapamycin and macroautophagy. Intriguingly, the autophagy receptors p62/SQSTM1, NBR1, TAX1BP1, NDP52, and NCOA4 are among the most efficiently degraded substrates. Already 1 h after induction of starvation, they are rapidly degraded by a process that selectively delivers autophagy receptors to vesicles inside late endosomes/multivesicular bodies depending on the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III). Our data support a model in which amino acid deprivation elicits endocytosis of specific membrane receptors, induction of macroautophagy, and rapid degradation of autophagy receptors by endosomal microautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Mejlvang
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hallvard Olsvik
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Steingrim Svenning
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack-Ansgar Bruun
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yakubu Princely Abudu
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kenneth Bowitz Larsen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andreas Brech
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom E Hansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanne Brenne
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terkel Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Vandal SE, Zheng X, Ahmad ST. Molecular Genetics of Frontotemporal Dementia Elucidated by Drosophila Models-Defects in Endosomal⁻Lysosomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061714. [PMID: 29890743 PMCID: PMC6032313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common senile neurodegenerative disease. FTD is a heterogeneous disease that can be classified into several subtypes. A mutation in CHMP2B locus (CHMP2Bintron5), which encodes a component of endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III), is associated with a rare hereditary subtype of FTD linked to chromosome 3 (FTD-3). ESCRT is involved in critical cellular processes such as multivesicular body (MVB) formation during endosomal–lysosomal pathway and autophagy. ESCRT mutants causes diverse physiological defects primarily due to accumulation of endosomes and defective MVBs resulting in misregulation of signaling pathways. Charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) is important for neuronal physiology which especially rely on precise regulation of protein homeostasis due to their post-mitotic status. Drosophila has proven to be an excellent model for charaterization of mechanistic underpinning of neurodegenerative disorders including FTD. In this review, current understanding of various FTD-related mutations is discussed with a focus on Drosophila models of CHMP2Bintron5-associated FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Vandal
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - Xiaoyue Zheng
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - S Tariq Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
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32
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Hess MW, Vogel GF, Yordanov TE, Witting B, Gutleben K, Ebner HL, de Araujo MEG, Filipek PA, Huber LA. Combining high-pressure freezing with pre-embedding immunogold electron microscopy and tomography. Traffic 2018; 19:639-649. [PMID: 29673018 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunogold labeling of permeabilized whole-mount cells or thin-sectioned material is widely used for the subcellular localization of biomolecules at the high spatial resolution of electron microscopy (EM). Those approaches are well compatible with either 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of organelle morphology and antigen distribution or with rapid cryofixation-but not easily with both at once. We describe here a specimen preparation and labeling protocol for animal cell cultures, which represents a novel blend of specifically adapted versions of established techniques. It combines the virtues of reliably preserved organelle ultrastructure, as trapped by rapid freezing within milliseconds followed by freeze-substitution and specimen rehydration, with the advantages of robust labeling of intracellular constituents in 3D through means of pre-embedding NANOGOLD-silver immunocytochemistry. So obtained thin and semi-thick epoxy resin sections are suitable for transmission EM imaging, as well as tomographic reconstruction and modeling of labeling patterns in the 3D cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teodor E Yordanov
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Witting
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Gutleben
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes L Ebner
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana E G de Araujo
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Przemyslaw A Filipek
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Molecular mechanism to recruit galectin-3 into multivesicular bodies for polarized exosomal secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4396-E4405. [PMID: 29686075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718921115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta-galactoside binding lectin galectin-3 (Gal3) is found intracellularly and in the extracellular space. Secretion of this lectin is mediated independently of the secretory pathway by a not yet defined nonclassical mechanism. Here, we found Gal3 in the lumen of exosomes. Superresolution and electron microscopy studies visualized Gal3 recruitment and sorting into intraluminal vesicles. Exosomal Gal3 release depends on the endosomal sorting complex required for transport I (ESCRT-I) component Tsg101 and functional Vps4a. Either Tsg101 knockdown or expression of dominant-negative Vps4aE228Q causes an intracellular Gal3 accumulation at multivesicular body formation sites. In addition, we identified a highly conserved tetrapeptide P(S/T)AP motif in the amino terminus of Gal3 that mediates a direct interaction with Tsg101. Mutation of the P(S/T)AP motif results in a loss of interaction and a dramatic decrease in exosomal Gal3 secretion. We conclude that Gal3 is a member of endogenous non-ESCRT proteins which are P(S/T)AP tagged for exosomal release.
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34
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Moore R, Pujol MG, Zhu Z, Smythe E. Interplay of Endocytosis and Growth Factor Receptor Signalling. ENDOCYTOSIS AND SIGNALING 2018; 57:181-202. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96704-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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Frankel EB, Shankar R, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, Volkmann N, Audhya A. Ist1 regulates ESCRT-III assembly and function during multivesicular endosome biogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1439. [PMID: 29129923 PMCID: PMC5682282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of most integral membrane proteins is directed by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, which selectively targets ubiquitin-modified cargoes into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) within multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). To better understand the mechanisms underlying ESCRT-mediated formation of ILVs, we exploited the rapid, de novo biogenesis of MVEs during the oocyte-to-embryo transition in C. elegans. In contrast to previous models suggesting that ILVs form individually, we demonstrate that they remain tethered to one another subsequent to internalization, arguing that they bud continuously from stable subdomains. In addition, we show that membrane bending and ILV formation are directed specifically by the ESCRT-III complex in vivo in a manner regulated by Ist1, which promotes ESCRT-III assembly and inhibits the incorporation of upstream ESCRT components into ILVs. Our findings underscore essential actions for ESCRT-III in membrane remodeling, cargo selection, and cargo retention, which act repetitively to maximize the rate of ILV formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Frankel
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Raakhee Shankar
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - James J Moresco
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., Department of Chemical Physiology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., Department of Chemical Physiology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Niels Volkmann
- Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Szymanska E, Budick-Harmelin N, Miaczynska M. Endosomal "sort" of signaling control: The role of ESCRT machinery in regulation of receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 74:11-20. [PMID: 28797837 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) machinery consists of four protein assemblies (ESCRT-0 to -III subcomplexes) which mediate various processes of membrane remodeling in the cell. In the endocytic pathway, ESCRTs sort cargo destined for degradation into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of endosomes. Cargos targeted by ESCRTs include various signaling molecules, mainly internalized cell-surface receptors but also some cytosolic proteins. It is therefore expected that aberrant trafficking caused by ESCRT dysfunction affects different signaling pathways. Here we review how perturbation of ESCRT activity alters intracellular transport of membrane receptors, causing their accumulation on endocytic compartments, decreased degradation and/or altered recycling to the plasma membrane. We further describe how perturbed trafficking of receptors impacts the activity of their downstream signaling pathways, with or without changes in transcriptional responses. Finally, we present evidence that ESCRT components can also control activity and intracellular distribution of cytosolic signaling proteins (kinases, other effectors and soluble receptors). The underlying mechanisms involve sequestration of such proteins in ILVs, their sorting for degradation or towards non-lysosomal destinations, and regulating their availability in various cellular compartments. All these ESCRT-mediated processes can modulate final outputs of multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szymanska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Noga Budick-Harmelin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland; Cell Research and Immunology Department, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Marta Miaczynska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Rab5-regulated endocytosis plays a crucial role in apical extrusion of transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2327-E2336. [PMID: 28270608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602349114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelial tissues. Recent studies have revealed that this cancer-preventive process involves the interaction with the surrounding normal epithelial cells; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In this study, using mammalian cell culture and zebrafish embryo systems, we have elucidated the functional involvement of endocytosis in the elimination of RasV12-transformed cells. First, we show that Rab5, a crucial regulator of endocytosis, is accumulated in RasV12-transformed cells that are surrounded by normal epithelial cells, which is accompanied by up-regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Addition of chlorpromazine or coexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Rab5 suppresses apical extrusion of RasV12 cells from the epithelium. We also show in zebrafish embryos that Rab5 plays an important role in the elimination of transformed cells from the enveloping layer epithelium. In addition, Rab5-mediated endocytosis of E-cadherin is enhanced at the boundary between normal and RasV12 cells. Rab5 functions upstream of epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), which plays a positive role in apical extrusion of RasV12 cells by regulating protein kinase A. Furthermore, we have revealed that epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC) from normal epithelial cells substantially impacts on Rab5 accumulation in the neighboring transformed cells. This report demonstrates that Rab5-mediated endocytosis is a crucial regulator for the competitive interaction between normal and transformed epithelial cells in mammals.
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Ubiquitin in Influenza Virus Entry and Innate Immunity. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100293. [PMID: 27783058 PMCID: PMC5086625 DOI: 10.3390/v8100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligatory cellular parasites. Their mission is to enter a host cell, to transfer the viral genome, and to replicate progeny whilst diverting cellular immunity. The role of ubiquitin is to regulate fundamental cellular processes such as endocytosis, protein degradation, and immune signaling. Many viruses including influenza A virus (IAV) usurp ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications to establish infection. In this focused review, we discuss how ubiquitin and unanchored ubiquitin regulate IAV host cell entry, and how histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a cytoplasmic deacetylase with ubiquitin-binding activity, mediates IAV capsid uncoating. We also discuss the roles of ubiquitin in innate immunity and its implications in the IAV life cycle.
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Majumder P, Chakrabarti O. ESCRTs and associated proteins in lysosomal fusion with endosomes and autophagosomes. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:443-450. [PMID: 27701906 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endolysosomal and autophagosomal degradation pathways are highly connected at various levels, sharing multiple molecular effectors that modulate them individually or simultaneously. These two lysosomal degradative pathways are primarily involved in the disposal of cargo internalized from the cell surface or long-lived proteins or aggregates and aged organelles present in the cytosol. Both of these pathways involve a number of carefully regulated vesicular fusion events that are dependent on ESCRT proteins. The ESCRT proteins especially ESCRT-I and III participate in the regulation of fusion events between autophagosome/amphisome and lysosome. Along with these, a number of functionally diverse ESCRT associated and regulatory proteins such as, endosomal PtdIns (3) P 5-kinase Fab1, ALIX, mahogunin ring finger 1, atrogin 1, syntaxin 17, ATG12-ATG3 complex, and protein kinase CK2α are involved in fusion events in either or both the lysosomal degradative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Majumder
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India.,Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India.,Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
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40
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Walker WP, Oehler A, Edinger AL, Wagner KU, Gunn TM. Oligodendroglial deletion of ESCRT-I component TSG101 causes spongiform encephalopathy. Biol Cell 2016; 108:324-337. [PMID: 27406702 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Vacuolation of the central nervous system (CNS) is observed in patients with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, HIV-related encephalopathy and some inherited diseases, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Mice lacking the mahogunin ring finger-1 (MGRN1) E3 ubiquitin ligase develop progressive, widespread spongiform degeneration of the CNS. MGRN1 ubiquitinates and regulates tumour susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), a central component of the endosomal trafficking machinery. As loss of MGRN1 is predicted to cause partial TSG101 loss-of-function, we hypothesised that CNS vacuolation in Mgrn1 null mice may be caused by the accumulation of multi-cisternal endosome-like 'class E' vacuolar protein sorting (vps) compartments similar to those observed in Tsg101-depleted cells in culture. RESULTS To test this hypothesis, Tsg101 was deleted from mature oligodendroglia in vivo. This resulted in severe spongiform encephalopathy, histopathologically similar to that observed in Mgrn1 null mutant mice but with a more rapid onset. Vacuoles in the brains of Tsg101-deleted and Mgrn1 mutant mice labelled with endosomal markers, consistent with an endosomal origin. Vacuoles in the brains of mice inoculated with Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) prions did not label with these markers, indicating a different origin, consistent with previously published studies that indicate RML prions have a primary effect on neurons and cause vacuolation in an MGRN1-independent manner. Oligodendroglial deletion of Rab7, which mediates late endosome-to-lysosome trafficking and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, did not cause spongiform change. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the formation of multi-cisternal 'class E' vps endosomal structures in oligodendroglia leads to vacuolation. SIGNIFICANCE This work provides the first evidence that disrupting multi-vesicular body formation in oligodendroglia can cause white matter vacuolation and demyelination. HIV is known to hijack the endosomal sorting machinery, suggesting that HIV infection of the CNS may also act through this pathway to cause encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will P Walker
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA
| | - Abby Oehler
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Teresa M Gunn
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA.
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Abstract
The multivesicular body (MVB) pathway sorts ubiquitinated membrane cargo to intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within the endosome, en route to the lysosomal lumen. The pathway involves the sequential action of conserved protein complexes [endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs)], culminating in the activation by ESCRT-II of ESCRT-III, a membrane-sculpting complex. Although this linear pathway of ESCRT activation is widely accepted, a study by Luzio and colleagues in a recent issue of the Biochemical Journal suggests that there is greater complexity in ESCRT-III activation, at least for some MVB cargoes. They show that ubiquitin-dependent sorting of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I to the MVB requires the central ESCRT-III complex but does not involve either ESCRT-II or functional links between ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III. Instead, they propose that MHC class I utilizes histidine-domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP), a non-canonical ESCRT interactor, to promote ESCRT-III activation.
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Protein Kinase C-α is a Critical Protein for Antisense Oligonucleotide-mediated Silencing in Mammalian Cells. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1117-1125. [PMID: 26961407 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified the existence of a productive, PKC-α-dependent endocytotic silencing pathway that leads gymnotically-delivered locked nucleic acid (LNA)-gapmer phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) into late endosomes. By blocking the maturation of early endosomes to late endosomes, silencing the expression of PKC-α results in the potent reduction of ASO silencing ability in the cell. We have also demonstrated that silencing of gene expression in the cytoplasm is vitiated when PKC-α expression is reduced. Restoring PKC-α expression via a reconstitution experiment reinstates the ability of ASOs to silence. These results advance our understanding of intracellular ASO trafficking and activity following gymnotic delivery, and further demonstrate the existence of two distinct silencing pathways in mammalian cells, one in the cytoplasmic and the other in the nuclear compartment.
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Mahogunin regulates fusion between amphisomes/MVBs and lysosomes via ubiquitination of TSG101. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1970. [PMID: 26539917 PMCID: PMC4670916 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant metabolic forms of the prion protein (PrP), membrane-associated (Ctm)PrP and cytosolic (cyPrP) interact with the cytosolic ubiquitin E3 ligase, Mahogunin Ring Finger-1 (MGRN1) and affect lysosomes. MGRN1 also interacts with and ubiquitinates TSG101, an ESCRT-I protein, involved in endocytosis. We report that MGRN1 modulates macroautophagy. In cultured cells, functional depletion of MGRN1 or overexpression of (Ctm)PrP and cyPrP blocks autophagosome-lysosome fusion, alleviates the autophagic flux and its degradative competence. Concurrently, the degradation of cargo from the endo-lysosomal pathway is also affected. This is significant because catalytic inactivation of MGRN1 alleviates fusion of lysosomes with either autophagosomes (via amphisomes) or late endosomes (either direct or mediated through amphisomes), without drastically perturbing maturation of late endosomes, generation of amphisomes or lysosomal proteolytic activity. The compromised lysosomal fusion events are rescued by overexpression of TSG101 and/or its monoubiquitination in the presence of MGRN1. Thus, for the first time we elucidate that MGRN1 simultaneously modulates both autophagy and heterophagy via ubiquitin-mediated post-translational modification of TSG101.
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44
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Bader CA, Shandala T, Ng YS, Johnson IRD, Brooks DA. Atg9 is required for intraluminal vesicles in amphisomes and autolysosomes. Biol Open 2015; 4:1345-55. [PMID: 26353861 PMCID: PMC4728360 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular recycling and degradation process, which is important for energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, physiological stress response and organism development. During Drosophila development, autophagy is up-regulated in fat body and midgut cells, to control metabolic function and to enable tissue remodelling. Atg9 is the only transmembrane protein involved in the core autophagy machinery and is thought to have a role in autophagosome formation. During Drosophila development, Atg9 co-located with Atg8 autophagosomes, Rab11 endosomes and Lamp1 endosomes-lysosomes. RNAi silencing of Atg9 reduced both the number and the size of autophagosomes during development and caused morphological changes to amphisomes/autolysosomes. In control cells there was compartmentalised acidification corresponding to intraluminal Rab11/Lamp-1 vesicles, but in Atg9 depleted cells there were no intraluminal vesicles and the acidification was not compartmentalised. We concluded that Atg9 is required to form intraluminal vesicles and for localised acidification within amphisomes/autolysosomes, and consequently when depleted, reduced the capacity to degrade and remodel gut tissue during development. Summary: The disappearance of intraluminal vesicles in amphisomes/autolysosomes upon Atg9 depletion suggests that Atg9 has a specific role in intraluminal vesicle formation in autophagic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - T Shandala
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Y S Ng
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - I R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - D A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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45
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Wagenaar TR, Tolstykh T, Shi C, Jiang L, Zhang J, Li Z, Yu Q, Qu H, Sun F, Cao H, Pollard J, Dai S, Gao Q, Zhang B, Arlt H, Cindhuchao M, Hoffmann D, Light M, Jensen K, Hopke J, Newcombe R, Garcia-Echeverria C, Winter C, Zabludoff S, Wiederschain D. Identification of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I (ESCRT-I) as an important modulator of anti-miR uptake by cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:1204-15. [PMID: 25550434 PMCID: PMC4333411 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of unassisted delivery of RNA therapeutics, including inhibitors of microRNAs, remain poorly understood. We observed that the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SKHEP1 retains productive free uptake of a miR-21 inhibitor (anti-miR-21). Uptake of anti-miR-21, but not a mismatch (MM) control, induces expression of known miR-21 targets (DDAH1, ANKRD46) and leads to dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth. To elucidate mechanisms of SKHEP1 sensitivity to anti-miR-21, we conducted an unbiased shRNA screen that revealed tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT-I), as an important determinant of anti-proliferative effects of anti-miR-21. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of TSG101 and another ESCRT-I protein, VPS28, improved uptake of anti-miR-21 in parental SKHEP1 cells and restored productive uptake to SKHEP1 clones with acquired resistance to anti-miR-21. Depletion of ESCRT-I in several additional cancer cell lines with inherently poor uptake resulted in improved activity of anti-miR-21. Finally, knockdown of TSG101 increased uptake of anti-miR-21 by cancer cells in vivo following systemic delivery. Collectively, these data support an important role for the ESCRT-I complex in the regulation of productive free uptake of anti-miRs and reveal potential avenues for improving oligonucleotide free uptake by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lan Jiang
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Zhifang Li
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qunyan Yu
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hui Qu
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Hui Cao
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Shujia Dai
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qiang Gao
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Heike Arlt
- Sanofi Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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46
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Tu C, Ahmad G, Mohapatra B, Bhattacharyya S, Ortega-Cava CF, Chung BM, Wagner KU, Raja SM, Naramura M, Band V, Band H. ESCRT proteins: Double-edged regulators of cellular signaling. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 1:45-48. [PMID: 21866262 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.1.1.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ESCRT pathway proteins play a key role in sorting ubiquitinated membrane receptors towards lysosomes providing an important mechanism for attenuating cell surface receptor signaling. However, recent studies point to a positive role of ESCRT proteins in signal transduction in multiple species studied under physiological and pathological conditions. ESCRT components such as Tsg101 and Hrs are overexpressed in human cancers and Tsg101 depletion is detrimental for cell proliferation, survival and transformed phenotype of tumor cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the positive contributions of ESCRT pathway to surface receptor signaling have remained unclear. In a recent study, we showed that Tsg101 and Vps4 are essential for translocation of active Src from endosomes to focal adhesion and invadopodia, thereby revealing a role of ESCRT pathway in promoting Src-mediated migration and invasion. We discuss the implications of these and other recent studies which together suggest a role for the ESCRT pathway in recycling of endocytic cargo proteins, aside from its role in lysosomal targeting, potentially explaining the positive roles of ESCRT proteins in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and UNMC-Eppley Cancer Center; Omaha, NE USA
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47
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Maemoto Y, Ono Y, Kiso S, Shibata H, Takahara T, Sorimachi H, Maki M. Involvement of calpain-7 in epidermal growth factor receptor degradation via the endosomal sorting pathway. FEBS J 2014; 281:3642-55. [PMID: 24953135 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Calpain-7 (CAPN7) is a unique intracellular cysteine protease that has a tandem repeat of microtubule interacting and trafficking (MIT) domains and lacks a penta-EF-hand domain. Although the MIT domains of CAPN7 were previously shown to interact with a subset of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III and ESCRT-III-related proteins, including charged multivesicular body protein 1 and increased sodium tolerance (IST)1, knowledge of the involvement of the protease in membrane trafficking has been limited. In the present study, compared with control cells, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation was mildly delayed in CAPN7-knockdown HeLa cells and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells established from CAPN7 knockout (Capn7(-/-) ) mice. Re-expression of wild-type CAPN7 but not a protease-inactive mutant of CAPN7 (CAPN7(C290S) ) resulted in a recovery of the rate of EGFR degradation. We found, by immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, that monomeric GFP fused with the protease-inactive mutant of CAPN7 [monomeric green fluorescent protein (mGFP)-CAPN7(C290S) ] was mobilized to EGFR-positive endosomes upon epidermal growth factor stimulation in HeLa cells. Although mGFP-CAPN7(C290S) exhibited dominant-negative effects on EGFR degradation, a deletion mutant of MIT domains in mGFP-CAPN7(C290S) did not have such properties, suggesting that the interaction between the MIT domains and ESCRT proteins is important for the function of CAPN7. Moreover, we found that epidermal growth factor stimulation induces translocation of IST1 from the cytosol to endosomes positive in both EGFR and mGFP-CAPN7(C290S) . When IST1 was knocked down, mGFP-CAPN7(C290S) lost its co-localization with EGFR. These results demonstrate for the first time that the proteolytic activity of CAPN7 is important for the acceleration of EGFR degradation via the endosomal sorting pathway utilizing a part of the ESCRT system. STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT EGFR and CAPN7 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction) EGFR, CAPN7 and IST1 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction) EEA1 and CAPN7 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction) CAPN7 and LAMP1 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maemoto
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
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48
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Vollrath JT, Sechi A, Dreser A, Katona I, Wiemuth D, Vervoorts J, Dohmen M, Chandrasekar A, Prause J, Brauers E, Jesse CM, Weis J, Goswami A. Loss of function of the ALS protein SigR1 leads to ER pathology associated with defective autophagy and lipid raft disturbances. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1290. [PMID: 24922074 PMCID: PMC4611717 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular accumulations of altered, misfolded proteins in neuronal and other cells are pathological hallmarks shared by many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in several genes give rise to familial forms of ALS. Mutations in Sigma receptor 1 have been found to cause a juvenile form of ALS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We recently described altered localization, abnormal modification and loss of function of SigR1 in sporadic ALS. In order to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying SigR1-mediated alterations in sporadic and familial ALS, we extended our previous studies using neuronal SigR1 knockdown cell lines. We found that loss of SigR1 leads to abnormal ER morphology, mitochondrial abnormalities and impaired autophagic degradation. Consistent with these results, we found that endosomal trafficking of EGFR is impaired upon SigR1 knockdown. Furthermore, in SigR1-deficient cells the transport of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is inhibited, leading to the accumulation of this cargo protein in the Golgi apparatus. Moreover, depletion of SigR1 destabilized lipid rafts and associated calcium mobilization, confirming the crucial role of SigR1 in lipid raft and intracellular calcium homeostasis. Taken together, our results support the notion that loss of SigR1 function contributes to ALS pathology by causing abnormal ER morphology, lipid raft destabilization and defective endolysosomal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Vollrath
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - A Sechi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - A Dreser
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - I Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - D Wiemuth
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - J Vervoorts
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - M Dohmen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - A Chandrasekar
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - J Prause
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - E Brauers
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - C M Jesse
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - J Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - A Goswami
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
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49
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Broniarczyk J, Bergant M, Goździcka-Józefiak A, Banks L. Human papillomavirus infection requires the TSG101 component of the ESCRT machinery. Virology 2014; 460-461:83-90. [PMID: 25010273 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) requires the minor capsid component L2, which plays an essential role in directing appropriate endosomal trafficking. Previous studies have indicated an infection route involving multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs), and an essential element in their biogenesis is the ESCRT machinery. Here we show that the ESCRT component TSG101 is required for optimal infection with both HPV-16 and BPV-1, with loss of TSG101 resulting in a decrease in viral infection, whereas overexpressed TSG101 increases rates of infection. We find that L2 proteins from multiple PV types interact with TSG101 and show that this interaction contributes to an alteration in the subcellular distribution of L2. In addition, TSG101 can modulate the levels of L2 polyubiquitination. These results demonstrate that TSG101 plays an important part in infection with diverse PVs, and suggests that trafficking of HPV through the ESCRT machinery and MVBs is part of infectious virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Broniarczyk
- Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martina Bergant
- Laboratory for Environmental Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Govindaraghavan M, McGuire Anglin SL, Shen KF, Shukla N, De Souza CP, Osmani SA. Identification of interphase functions for the NIMA kinase involving microtubules and the ESCRT pathway. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004248. [PMID: 24675878 PMCID: PMC3967960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Never in Mitosis A (NIMA) kinase (the founding member of the Nek family of kinases) has been considered a mitotic specific kinase with nuclear restricted roles in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. By extending to A. nidulans the results of a synthetic lethal screen performed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the NIMA ortholog KIN3, we identified a conserved genetic interaction between nimA and genes encoding proteins of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) pathway. Absence of ESCRT pathway functions in combination with partial NIMA function causes enhanced cell growth defects, including an inability to maintain a single polarized dominant cell tip. These genetic insights suggest NIMA potentially has interphase functions in addition to its established mitotic functions at nuclei. We therefore generated endogenously GFP-tagged NIMA (NIMA-GFP) which was fully functional to follow its interphase locations using live cell spinning disc 4D confocal microscopy. During interphase some NIMA-GFP locates to the tips of rapidly growing cells and, when expressed ectopically, also locates to the tips of cytoplasmic microtubules, suggestive of non-nuclear interphase functions. In support of this, perturbation of NIMA function either by ectopic overexpression or through partial inactivation results in marked cell tip growth defects with excess NIMA-GFP promoting multiple growing cell tips. Ectopic NIMA-GFP was found to locate to the plus ends of microtubules in an EB1 dependent manner, while impairing NIMA function altered the dynamic localization of EB1 and the cytoplasmic microtubule network. Together, our genetic and cell biological analyses reveal novel non-nuclear interphase functions for NIMA involving microtubules and the ESCRT pathway for normal polarized fungal cell tip growth. These insights extend the roles of NIMA both spatially and temporally and indicate that this conserved protein kinase could help integrate cell cycle progression with polarized cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Govindaraghavan
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Kuo-Fang Shen
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nandini Shukla
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Colin P. De Souza
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Osmani
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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