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Johnson HK, Wahl SE, Sesay F, Litovchick L, Dickinson AJ. Dyrk1a is required for craniofacial development in Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 2024; 511:63-75. [PMID: 38621649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Loss of function variations in the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) gene are associated with craniofacial malformations in humans. Here we characterized the effects of deficient DYRK1A in craniofacial development using a developmental model, Xenopus laevis. Dyrk1a mRNA and protein were expressed throughout the developing head and both were enriched in the branchial arches which contribute to the face and jaw. Consistently, reduced Dyrk1a function, using dyrk1a morpholinos and pharmacological inhibitors, resulted in orofacial malformations including hypotelorism, altered mouth shape, slanted eyes, and narrower face accompanied by smaller jaw cartilage and muscle. Inhibition of Dyrk1a function resulted in misexpression of key craniofacial regulators including transcription factors and members of the retinoic acid signaling pathway. Two such regulators, sox9 and pax3 are required for neural crest development and their decreased expression corresponds with smaller neural crest domains within the branchial arches. Finally, we determined that the smaller size of the faces, jaw elements and neural crest domains in embryos deficient in Dyrk1a could be explained by increased cell death and decreased proliferation. This study is the first to provide insight into why craniofacial birth defects might arise in humans with variants of DYRK1A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacey E Wahl
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fatmata Sesay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Zhao H, Lou G, Shao Y, Wang T, Wang H, Guo Q, Yang W, Liu H, Liao S. Competing Endogenous RNAs Crosstalk in Hippocampus: A Potential Mechanism for Neuronal Developing Defects in Down Syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:32. [PMID: 38536538 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most example of aneuploidy, resulting from an additional copy of all or part of chromosome 21. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) play important roles in neuronal development and neurological defects. This study aimed to identify hub genes and synergistic crosstalk among ceRNAs in the DS fetal hippocampus as potential targets for the treatment of DS-related neurodegenerative diseases. We profiled differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs), differentially expressed circular RNAs (DEcircRNAs), differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs) in hippocampal samples from patients with or without DS. Functional enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed, and chromosome 21-related ceRNA and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed. Additionally, the correlations between lncRNA-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA expression in the samples and HEK293T cells were validated. Our finding of changes in the expression of some key genes and ncRNAs on chromosome 21 in DS might not fully conform to the gene dosage hypothesis. Moreover, we found that four lncRNAs (MIR99AHG, PLCB4, SNHG14, GIGYF2) and one circRNA (hsa_circ_0061697) may competitively bind with three miRNAs (hsa-miR-548b-5p, miR-730-5p, and hsa-miR-548i) and subsequently regulate five mRNAs (beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 [B3GALT5], helicase lymphoid-specific [HELLS], thrombospondin-2 [THBS2], glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase [GART], clathrin heavy chain like 1 [CLTCL1]). These RNAs, whether located on chromosome 21 or not, interact with each other and might activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways, which are involved in autophagosome formation and tau hyperphosphorylation, possibly leading to adverse consequences of trisomy 21. These findings provide researchers with a better understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying DS-related progressive defects in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Zhao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guiyu Lou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yupu Shao
- Experimental Center, Department of Basic Medicine, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Liao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Johnson HK, Wahl SE, Sesay F, Litovchick L, Dickinson AJ. Dyrk1a is required for craniofacial development in Xenopus laevis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.13.575394. [PMID: 38260562 PMCID: PMC10802584 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.13.575394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene are associated with craniofacial malformations in humans. Here we characterized the effects of deficient DYRK1A in craniofacial development using a developmental model, Xenopus laevis . Dyrk1a mRNA and protein was expressed throughout the developing head and was enriched in the branchial arches which contribute to the face and jaw. Consistently, reduced Dyrk1a function, using dyrk1a morpholinos and pharmacological inhibitors, resulted in orofacial malformations including hypotelorism, altered mouth shape, slanted eyes, and narrower face accompanied by smaller jaw cartilage and muscle. Inhibition of Dyrk1a function resulted in misexpression of key craniofacial regulators including transcription factors and members of the retinoic acid signaling pathway. Two such regulators, sox9 and pax3 are required for neural crest development and their decreased expression corresponds with smaller neural crest domains within the branchial arches. Finally, we determined that the smaller size of the faces, jaw elements and neural crest domains in embryos deficient in Dyrk1a could be explained by increased cell death and decreased proliferation. This study is the first to provide insight into why craniofacial birth defects might arise in humans with DYRK1A mutations.
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Ananthapadmanabhan V, Shows KH, Dickinson AJ, Litovchick L. Insights from the protein interaction Universe of the multifunctional "Goldilocks" kinase DYRK1A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1277537. [PMID: 37900285 PMCID: PMC10600473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1277537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Dual specificity tyrosine (Y)-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is encoded by a dosage-dependent gene located in the Down syndrome critical region of human chromosome 21. The known substrates of DYRK1A include proteins involved in transcription, cell cycle control, DNA repair and other processes. However, the function and regulation of this kinase is not fully understood, and the current knowledge does not fully explain the dosage-dependent function of this kinase. Several recent proteomic studies identified DYRK1A interacting proteins in several human cell lines. Interestingly, several of known protein substrates of DYRK1A were undetectable in these studies, likely due to a transient nature of the kinase-substrate interaction. It is possible that the stronger-binding DYRK1A interacting proteins, many of which are poorly characterized, are involved in regulatory functions by recruiting DYRK1A to the specific subcellular compartments or distinct signaling pathways. Better understanding of these DYRK1A-interacting proteins could help to decode the cellular processes regulated by this important protein kinase during embryonic development and in the adult organism. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biochemical and functional characterization of the DYRK1A protein-protein interaction network and discuss its involvement in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Ananthapadmanabhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kathryn H. Shows
- Department of Biology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, United States
| | - Amanda J. Dickinson
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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Cai L, Wakabayashi T, Yonekawa Y, Wasserman BN. DYRK1A retinopathy. J AAPOS 2023; 27:107-110. [PMID: 36736451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of retinopathy in a 4-year-old girl with DYRK1A syndrome. On external examination, she had short stature, cognitive delay, microcephaly, and iris coloboma of the right eye. On fundus examination of both eyes, she was found to have lattice degeneration and areas of avascularity in the retinal periphery, with overlying hyaloidal organization. Widefield fluorescein angiography showed vascular pruning and vascular arborization with leakage. Given the risk for progression to retinal detachment, laser photocoagulation was applied to areas of peripheral avascular retina. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed phenotypic analysis of anomalous retinal vasculature in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Cai
- Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taku Wakabayashi
- Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoshihiro Yonekawa
- Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Barry N Wasserman
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Mansournia MA, Mirzaei H, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. Targeting Wnt signaling pathway by polyphenols: implication for aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2021; 22:479-494. [PMID: 34480268 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age is an important risk factor for different diseases. The same mechanisms that promote aging are involved in the development and progression of age-associated diseases. Polyphenols are organic compounds found in fruits and vegetables. Due to their beneficial properties (e.g. antioxidant and anti-inflammatory), polyphenols have been extensively used for treating chronic diseases. To exert their functions, polyphenols target various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, such as mTOR, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin. Wnt signaling is a critical pathway for developmental processes. Besides, dysregulation of this signaling pathway has been observed in various diseases. Several investigations have been conducted on Wnt inhibitors at pre-clinical stages, showing promising results. Herein, we review the studies dealing with the role of polyphenols in targeting the Wnt signaling pathways in aging processes and age-associated diseases, including cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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The influence of circadian rhythms and aerobic glycolysis in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:400. [PMID: 33199680 PMCID: PMC7669888 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual abilities and their clinical presentations are extremely heterogeneous in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main causes of ASD remain unclear. ASD is frequently associated with sleep disorders. Biologic rhythms are complex systems interacting with the environment and controlling several physiological pathways, including brain development and behavioral processes. Recent findings have shown that the deregulation of the core clock neurodevelopmental signaling is correlated with ASD clinical presentation. One of the main pathways involved in developmental cognitive disorders is the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Circadian clocks have a main role in some tissues by driving circadian expression of genes involved in physiologic and metabolic functions. In ASD, the increase of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is enhancing by the dysregulation of circadian rhythms. ASD progression is associated with a major metabolic reprogramming, initiated by aberrant WNT/β-catenin pathway, the aerobic glycolysis. This review focuses on the interest of circadian rhythms dysregulation in metabolic reprogramming in ASD through the aberrant upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Wan X, Wu X, Hill MA, Ebner DV. ReN VM spheroids in matrix: A neural progenitor three-dimensional in vitro model reveals DYRK1A inhibitors as potential regulators of radio-sensitivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:535-542. [PMID: 32807492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-clinical testing of small molecules for therapeutic development across many pathologies relies on the use of in-vitro and in-vivo models. When designed and implemented well, these models serve to predict the clinical outcome as well as the toxicity of the evaluated therapies. The two-dimensional (2D) reductionist approach where cells are incubated in a mono-layer on hard plastic microtiter plates is relatively inexpensive but not physiologically relevant. In contrast, well developed and applied three dimensional (3D) in vitro models could be employed to bridge the gap between 2D in vitro primary screening and expensive in vivo rodent models by incorporating key features of the tissue microenvironment to explore differentiation, cortical development, cancers and various neuronal dysfunctions. These features include an extracellular matrix, co-culture, tension and perfusion and could replace several hundred rodents in the drug screening validation cascade. METHODS Human neural progenitor cells from middle brain (ReN VM, Merck Millipore, UK) were expanded as instructed by the supplier (Merck Millipore, UK), and then seeded in 96-well low-attachment plates (Corning, UK) to form multicellular spheroids followed by adding a Matrigel layer to mimic extracellular matrix around neural stem cell niche. ReN VM cells were then differentiated via EGF and bFGF deprivation for 7 days and were imaged at day 7. Radiotherapy was mimicked via gamma-radiation at 2Gy in the absence and presence of selected DYRK1A inhibitors Harmine, INDY and Leucettine 41 (L41). Cell viability was measured by AlamarBlue assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess cell pluripotency marker SOX2 and differentiation marker GFAP. RESULTS After 7 days of differentiation, neuron early differentiation marker (GFAP, red) started to be expressed among the cells expressing neural stem cell marker SOX2 (green). Radiation treatment caused significant morphology change including the reduced viability of the spheroids. These spheroids also revealed sensitizing potential of DYRK1A inhibitors tested in this study, including Harmine, INDY and L41. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS Combined with the benefit of greatly reducing the issues associated with in vivo rodent models, including reducing numbers of animals used in a drug screening cascade, cost, ethics, and potential animal welfare burden, we feel the well-developed and applied 3D neural spheroid model presented in this study will provide a crucial tool to evaluate combinatorial therapies, optimal drug concentrations and treatment dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wan
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Mark A Hill
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Daniel V Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ, Oxford, England, UK.
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Boni J, Rubio-Perez C, López-Bigas N, Fillat C, de la Luna S. The DYRK Family of Kinases in Cancer: Molecular Functions and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082106. [PMID: 32751160 PMCID: PMC7465136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DYRK (dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases) are an evolutionary conserved family of protein kinases with members from yeast to humans. In humans, DYRKs are pleiotropic factors that phosphorylate a broad set of proteins involved in many different cellular processes. These include factors that have been associated with all the hallmarks of cancer, from genomic instability to increased proliferation and resistance, programmed cell death, or signaling pathways whose dysfunction is relevant to tumor onset and progression. In accordance with an involvement of DYRK kinases in the regulation of tumorigenic processes, an increasing number of research studies have been published in recent years showing either alterations of DYRK gene expression in tumor samples and/or providing evidence of DYRK-dependent mechanisms that contribute to tumor initiation and/or progression. In the present article, we will review the current understanding of the role of DYRK family members in cancer initiation and progression, providing an overview of the small molecules that act as DYRK inhibitors and discussing the clinical implications and therapeutic opportunities currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Boni
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Rubio-Perez
- Cancer Science Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (N.L.-B.)
| | - Nuria López-Bigas
- Cancer Science Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (N.L.-B.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-933-160-144
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Venhuizen JH, Jacobs FJ, Span PN, Zegers MM. P120 and E-cadherin: Double-edged swords in tumor metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Loreti M, Shi DL, Carron C. The regulatory proteins DSCR6 and Ezh2 oppositely regulate Stat3 transcriptional activity in mesoderm patterning during Xenopus development. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2724-2735. [PMID: 31996376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic cell fate specification and axis patterning requires integration of several signaling pathways that orchestrate region-specific gene expression. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) plays important roles during early development, but it is unclear how Stat3 is activated. Here, using Xenopus as a model, we analyzed the post-translational regulation and functional consequences of Stat3 activation in dorsoventral axis patterning. We show that Stat3 phosphorylation, lysine methylation, and transcriptional activity increase before gastrulation and induce ventral mesoderm formation. Down syndrome critical region gene 6 (DSCR6), a RIPPLY family member that induces dorsal mesoderm by releasing repressive polycomb group proteins from chromatin, bound to the Stat3 C-terminal region and antagonized its transcriptional and ventralizing activities by interfering with its lysine methylation. Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb-repressive complex 2 subunit (Ezh2) also bound to this region; however, its methyltransferase activity was required for Stat3 methylation and activation. Loss of Ezh2 resulted in dorsalization of ventral mesoderm and formation of a secondary axis. Furthermore, interference with Ezh2 phosphorylation also prevented Stat3 lysine methylation and transcriptional activity. Thus, inhibition of either Ezh2 phosphorylation or Stat3 lysine methylation compensated for the absence of DSCR6 function. These results reveal that DSCR6 and Ezh2 critically and post-translationally regulate Stat3 transcriptional activity. Ezh2 promotes Stat3 activation in ventral mesoderm formation independently of epigenetic regulation, whereas DSCR6 specifies dorsal fate by counteracting this ventralizing activity. This antagonism helps pattern the mesoderm along the dorsoventral axis, representing a critical facet of cell identity regulation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Loreti
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, IBPS-Developmental Biology Laboratory, 75005 Paris, France
| | - De-Li Shi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, IBPS-Developmental Biology Laboratory, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Clémence Carron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, IBPS-Developmental Biology Laboratory, 75005 Paris, France.
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Blackburn ATM, Bekheirnia N, Uma VC, Corkins ME, Xu Y, Rosenfeld JA, Bainbridge MN, Yang Y, Liu P, Madan-Khetarpal S, Delgado MR, Hudgins L, Krantz I, Rodriguez-Buritica D, Wheeler PG, Al-Gazali L, Mohamed Saeed Mohamed Al Shamsi A, Gomez-Ospina N, Chao HT, Mirzaa GM, Scheuerle AE, Kukolich MK, Scaglia F, Eng C, Willsey HR, Braun MC, Lamb DJ, Miller RK, Bekheirnia MR. DYRK1A-related intellectual disability: a syndrome associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Genet Med 2019; 21:2755-2764. [PMID: 31263215 PMCID: PMC6895419 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A causes a recognizable clinical syndrome. The goal of this paper is to investigate congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and genital defects (GD) in patients with DYRK1A variants. METHODS A large database of clinical exome sequencing (ES) was queried for de novo DYRK1A variants and CAKUT/GD phenotypes were characterized. Xenopus laevis (frog) was chosen as a model organism to assess Dyrk1a's role in renal development. RESULTS Phenotypic details and variants of 19 patients were compiled after an initial observation that one patient with a de novo pathogenic variant in DYRK1A had GD. CAKUT/GD data were available from 15 patients, 11 of whom presented with CAKUT/GD. Studies in Xenopus embryos demonstrated that knockdown of Dyrk1a, which is expressed in forming nephrons, disrupts the development of segments of embryonic nephrons, which ultimately give rise to the entire genitourinary (GU) tract. These defects could be rescued by coinjecting wild-type human DYRK1A RNA, but not with DYRK1AR205* or DYRK1AL245R RNA. CONCLUSION Evidence supports routine GU screening of all individuals with de novo DYRK1A pathogenic variants to ensure optimized clinical management. Collectively, the reported clinical data and loss-of-function studies in Xenopus substantiate a novel role for DYRK1A in GU development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria T M Blackburn
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Science Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nasim Bekheirnia
- Renal Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mark E Corkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuxiao Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew N Bainbridge
- Codified Genomics, LLC, Houston, TX, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio R Delgado
- Department of neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Rodriguez-Buritica
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hsiao-Tuan Chao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- McNair Medical Institute at The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela E Scheuerle
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics and Metabolism), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mary K Kukolich
- Clinical Genetics, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Christine Eng
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen Rankin Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Braun
- Renal Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dolores J Lamb
- Department of Urology and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel K Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Science Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Science Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Renal Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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13
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García de Herreros A, Duñach M. Intracellular Signals Activated by Canonical Wnt Ligands Independent of GSK3 Inhibition and β-Catenin Stabilization. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101148. [PMID: 31557964 PMCID: PMC6829497 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to non-canonical ligands, canonical Wnts promote the stabilization of β-catenin, which is a prerequisite for formation of the TCF4/β-catenin transcriptional complex and activation of its target genes. This pathway is initiated by binding of Wnt ligands to the Frizzled/LRP5/6 receptor complex, and it increases the half-life of β-catenin by precluding the phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK3 and its binding to the βTrCP1 ubiquitin ligase. Other intercellular signals are also activated by Wnt ligands that do not inhibit GSK3 and increase β-catenin protein but that either facilitate β-catenin transcriptional activity or stimulate other transcriptional factors that cooperate with it. In this review, we describe the layers of complexity of these signals and discuss their crosstalk with β-catenin in activation of transcriptional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Unidad Asociada CSIC, and Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Duñach
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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14
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Granno S, Nixon-Abell J, Berwick DC, Tosh J, Heaton G, Almudimeegh S, Nagda Z, Rain JC, Zanda M, Plagnol V, Tybulewicz VLJ, Cleverley K, Wiseman FK, Fisher EMC, Harvey K. Downregulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the Down syndrome hippocampus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7322. [PMID: 31086297 PMCID: PMC6513850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological mechanisms underlying Down syndrome (DS)/Trisomy 21, including dysregulation of essential signalling processes remain poorly understood. Combining bioinformatics with RNA and protein analysis, we identified downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampus of adult DS individuals with Alzheimer's disease and the 'Tc1' DS mouse model. Providing a potential underlying molecular pathway, we demonstrate that the chromosome 21 kinase DYRK1A regulates Wnt signalling via a novel bimodal mechanism. Under basal conditions, DYRK1A is a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin. Following pathway activation, however, DYRK1A exerts the opposite effect, increasing signalling activity. In summary, we identified downregulation of hippocampal Wnt/β-catenin signalling in DS, possibly mediated by a dose dependent effect of the chromosome 21-encoded kinase DYRK1A. Overall, we propose that dosage imbalance of the Hsa21 gene DYRK1A affects downstream Wnt target genes. Therefore, modulation of Wnt signalling may open unexplored avenues for DS and Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Granno
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Berwick
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- School of Health, Life and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK6 7AA, UK
| | - Justin Tosh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - George Heaton
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sultan Almudimeegh
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Zenisha Nagda
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jean-Christophe Rain
- Hybrigenics Services - Fondation Jérôme Lejeune, 3-5 Impasse Reille, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zanda
- UCL Genetics Institute, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- UCL Genetics Institute, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, Kings Cross, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
- London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Frances K Wiseman
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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15
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Marechal D, Brault V, Leon A, Martin D, Lopes Pereira P, Loaëc N, Birling MC, Friocourt G, Blondel M, Herault Y. Cbs overdosage is necessary and sufficient to induce cognitive phenotypes in mouse models of Down syndrome and interacts genetically with Dyrk1a. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1561-1577. [PMID: 30649339 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying dosage-sensitive genes is a key to understand the mechanisms underlying intellectual disability in Down syndrome (DS). The Dp(17Abcg1-Cbs)1Yah DS mouse model (Dp1Yah) shows cognitive phenotypes that need to be investigated to identify the main genetic driver. Here, we report that three copies of the cystathionine-beta-synthase gene (Cbs) in the Dp1Yah mice are necessary to observe a deficit in the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm. Moreover, the overexpression of Cbs alone is sufficient to induce deficits in the NOR test. Accordingly, overexpressing human CBS specifically in Camk2a-expressing neurons leads to impaired objects discrimination. Altogether, this shows that Cbs overdosage is involved in DS learning and memory phenotypes. To go further, we identified compounds that interfere with the phenotypical consequence of CBS overdosage in yeast. Pharmacological intervention in Tg(CBS) mice with one selected compound restored memory in the NOR test. In addition, using a genetic approach, we demonstrated an epistatic interaction between Cbs and Dyrk1a, another human chromosome 21-located gene (which encodes the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1a) and an already known target for DS therapeutic intervention. Further analysis using proteomic approaches highlighted several molecular pathways, including synaptic transmission, cell projection morphogenesis and actin cytoskeleton, that are affected by DYRK1A and CBS overexpression. Overall, we demonstrated that CBS overdosage underpins the DS-related recognition memory deficit and that both CBS and DYRK1A interact to control accurate memory processes in DS. In addition, our study establishes CBS as an intervention point for treating intellectual deficiencies linked to DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Marechal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Véronique Brault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Alice Leon
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Dehren Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Patricia Lopes Pereira
- Transgenese et Archivage Animaux Modèles, TAAM, CNRS, 3B Rue de la Férollerie Orléans, France
| | - Nadege Loaëc
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | | | - Gaelle Friocourt
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS, Illkirch, France
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16
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Roewenstrunk J, Di Vona C, Chen J, Borras E, Dong C, Arató K, Sabidó E, Huen MSY, de la Luna S. A comprehensive proteomics-based interaction screen that links DYRK1A to RNF169 and to the DNA damage response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6014. [PMID: 30979931 PMCID: PMC6461666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the DYRK1A protein kinase has been associated with human disease. On the one hand, its overexpression in trisomy 21 has been linked to certain pathological traits of Down syndrome, while on the other, inactivating mutations in just one allele are responsible for a distinct yet rare clinical syndrome, DYRK1A haploinsufficiency. Moreover, altered expression of this kinase may also provoke other human pathologies, including cancer and diabetes. Although a few DYRK1A substrates have been described, its upstream regulators and downstream targets are still poorly understood, an information that could shed light on the functions of DYRK1A in the cell. Here, we carried out a proteomic screen using antibody-based affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry to identify proteins that directly or indirectly bind to endogenous DYRK1A. We show that the use of a cell line not expressing DYRK1A, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, was needed in order to discriminate between true positives and non-specific interactions. Most of the proteins identified in the screen are novel candidate DYRK1A interactors linked to a variety of activities in the cell. The in-depth characterization of DYRK1A's functional interaction with one of them, the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF169, revealed a role for this kinase in the DNA damage response. We found that RNF169 is a DYRK1A substrate and we identified several of its phosphorylation sites. In particular, one of these sites appears to modify the ability of RNF169 to displace 53BP1 from sites of DNA damage. Indeed, DYRK1A depletion increases cell sensitivity to ionizing irradiation. Therefore, our unbiased proteomic screen has revealed a novel activity of DYRK1A, expanding the complex role of this kinase in controlling cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Roewenstrunk
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Di Vona
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
| | - Eva Borras
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chao Dong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
| | - Krisztina Arató
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Development of tau-directed small molecule modulators for Alzheimer's disease: a recent patent review (2014-2018). Pharm Pat Anal 2019; 8:15-39. [PMID: 30870110 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2019-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. As this disease is becoming a serious global health issue, development of disease modifying therapeutics is urgently required. AD is characterized by deposits of two protein, amyloid β and tau. Although amyloid β-based therapeutics have been extensively investigated so far, tau has also received great attention as one of promising molecular targets for AD. In this review, a variety of tau-directed strategies to rescue tau-mediated neurotoxicity will be reviewed especially focusing on small molecules. Subsequently, recent patents published from 2014 to 2018 that integrate efforts to develop tau-directed small molecules for the treatment of AD will be reviewed.
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18
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Bae SM, Hong JY. The Wnt Signaling Pathway and Related Therapeutic Drugs in Autism Spectrum Disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:129-135. [PMID: 29739125 PMCID: PMC5953011 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a series of neurodevelopmental disorder with a large genetic component. However, the pathogenic genes and molecular mechanisms of ASD have not been clearly defined. Recent technological advancements, such as next-generation sequencing, have led to the identification of certain loci that is responsible for the pathophysiology of ASD. Three functional pathways, such as chromatin remodeling, Wnt signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction are potentially involved in ASD. In this review, we will focus on recent studies of the involvement of Wnt signaling pathway components in ASD pathophysiology and related drugs used in ASD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Hong
- Department of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Down Syndrome, Obesity, Alzheimer's Disease, and Cancer: A Brief Review and Hypothesis. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8040053. [PMID: 29587359 PMCID: PMC5924389 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (trisomy 21), a complex mix of physical, mental, and biochemical issues, includes an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and childhood leukemia, a decreased risk of other tumors, and a high frequency of overweight/obesity. Certain features related to the third copy of chromosome 21 (which carries the APP gene and several anti-angiogenesis genes) create an environment favorable for Alzheimer’s disease and unfavorable for cancer. This environment may be enhanced by two bioactive compounds from fat cells, leptin, and adiponectin. This paper outlines these fat-related disease mechanisms and suggests new avenues of research to reduce disease risk in Down syndrome.
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20
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling stimulates the expression and synaptic clustering of the autism-associated Neuroligin 3 gene. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:45. [PMID: 29503438 PMCID: PMC5835496 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic abnormalities have been described in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The cell-adhesion molecule Neuroligin-3 (Nlgn3) has an essential role in the function and maturation of synapses and NLGN3 ASD-associated mutations disrupt hippocampal and cortical function. Here we show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling increases Nlgn3 mRNA and protein levels in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells and primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. We characterized the activity of mouse and rat Nlgn3 promoter constructs containing conserved putative T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancing factor (TCF/LEF)-binding elements (TBE) and found that their activity is significantly augmented in Wnt/β-catenin cell reporter assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that endogenous β-catenin binds to novel TBE consensus sequences in the Nlgn3 promoter. Moreover, activation of the signaling cascade increased Nlgn3 clustering and co- localization with the scaffold PSD-95 protein in dendritic processes of primary neurons. Our results directly link Wnt/β-catenin signaling to the transcription of the Nlgn3 gene and support a functional role for the signaling pathway in the dysregulation of excitatory/inhibitory neuronal activity, as is observed in animal models of ASD.
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21
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Vallée A, Vallée JN. Warburg effect hypothesis in autism Spectrum disorders. Mol Brain 2018; 11:1. [PMID: 29301575 PMCID: PMC5753567 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease which is characterized by a deficit in social interactions and communication with repetitive and restrictive behavior. In altered cells, metabolic enzymes are modified by the dysregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In ASD, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated. We focus this review on the hypothesis of Warburg effect stimulated by the overexpression of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in ASD. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway induces aerobic glycolysis, named Warburg effect, through activation of glucose transporter (Glut), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1), monocarboxylate lactate transporter 1 (MCT-1), lactate dehydrogenase kinase-A (LDH-A) and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). The aerobic glycolysis consists to a supply of a large part of glucose into lactate regardless of oxygen. Aerobic glycolysis is less efficient in terms of ATP production than oxidative phosphorylation because of the shunt of the TCA cycle. Dysregulation of energetic metabolism might promote cell deregulation and progression of ASD. Warburg effect regulation could be an attractive target for developing therapeutic interventions in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, CHU Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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22
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Poquérusse J, Luikart BW. A Neurodevelopmental Perspective for Autism-Associated Gene Function. OBM NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 1:004. [PMID: 35445171 PMCID: PMC9017685 DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1702004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale genetic sequencing studies have identified a wealth of genes in which mutations are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Understanding the biological function of these genes sheds light onto the neurodevelopmental basis of ASD. To this end, we defined functional categories representing brain development - (1) Cell Division and Survival, (2) Cell Migration and Differentiation, (3) Neuronal Morphological Elaboration, (4) Development and Regulation of Cellular Excitability, and (5) Synapse Formation and Function - and place 100 high confidence ASD-associated genes yielding at least 50 published PubMed articles into these categories based on keyword searches. We compare the categorization of ASD genes to genes associated with developmental delay (DD) and systematically review the published literature on the function of these genes. We find evidence that ASD-associated genes have important functions that span the neurodevelopmental continuum. Further, examining the temporal expression pattern of these genes using the BrainSpan Atlas of the Developing Human Brain supports their function across development. Thus, our analyses and review of literature on ASD gene function support a model whereby differences in brain development - from very early stages of macroarchitectural patterning to late stages of activity-dependent sculpting of synaptic connectivity - may lead to ASD. It will be important to keep investigating potential points of mechanistic convergence which could explain a common pathophysiological basis of ASD behind this disparate array of genes.
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23
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Duñach M, Del Valle-Pérez B, García de Herreros A. p120-catenin in canonical Wnt signaling. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:327-339. [PMID: 28276699 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1295920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling controls β-catenin protein stabilization, its translocation to the nucleus and the activation of β-catenin/Tcf-4-dependent transcription. In this review, we revise and discuss the recent results describing actions of p120-catenin in different phases of this pathway. More specifically, we comment its involvement in four different steps: (i) the very early activation of CK1ɛ, essential for Dvl-2 binding to the Wnt receptor complex; (ii) the internalization of GSK3 and Axin into multivesicular bodies, necessary for a complete stabilization of β-catenin; (iii) the activation of Rac1 small GTPase, required for β-catenin translocation to the nucleus; and (iv) the release of the inhibitory action caused by Kaiso transcriptional repressor. We integrate these new results with the previously known action of other elements in this pathway, giving a particular relevance to the responses of the Wnt pathway not required for β-catenin stabilization but for β-catenin transcriptional activity. Moreover, we discuss the possible future implications, suggesting that the two cellular compartments where β-catenin is localized, thus, the adherens junction complex and the Wnt signalosome, are more physically connected that previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Duñach
- a Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Beatriz Del Valle-Pérez
- a Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Antonio García de Herreros
- b Programa de Recerca en Càncer , Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM) , Barcelona , Spain.,c Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut , Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain
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24
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Kay LJ, Smulders-Srinivasan TK, Soundararajan M. Understanding the Multifaceted Role of Human Down Syndrome Kinase DYRK1A. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 105:127-71. [PMID: 27567487 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation-regulated kinase DYRK1A, also known as Down syndrome (DS) kinase, is a dosage-dependent signaling kinase that was originally shown to be highly expressed in DS patients as a consequence of trisomy 21. Although this was evident some time ago, it is only in recent investigations that the molecular roles of DYRK1A in a wide range of cellular processes are becoming increasingly apparent. Since initial knowledge on DYRK1A became evident through minibrain mnb, the Drosophila homolog of DYRK1A, this review will first summarize the scientific reports on minibrain and further expand on the well-established neuronal functions of mammalian and human DYRK1A. Recent investigations across the current decade have provided rather interesting and compelling evidence in establishing nonneuronal functions for DYRK1A, including its role in infection, immunity, cardiomyocyte biology, cancer, and cell cycle control. The latter part of this review will therefore focus in detail on the emerging nonneuronal functions of DYRK1A and summarize the regulatory role of DYRK1A in controlling Tau and α-synuclein. Finally, the emerging role of DYRK1A in Parkinson's disease will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kay
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - T K Smulders-Srinivasan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - M Soundararajan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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25
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Synaptic Wnt/GSK3β Signaling Hub in Autism. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:9603751. [PMID: 26881141 PMCID: PMC4736967 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9603751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of genes have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and the interaction of weak and de novo variants derive from distinct autistic phenotypes thus making up the “spectrum.” The convergence of these variants in networks of genes associated with synaptic function warrants the study of cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the synapse. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a central role in the development and regulation of the central nervous system and several genes belonging to the cascade have been genetically associated with ASDs. In the present paper, we review basic information regarding the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in excitatory/inhibitory balance (E/I balance) through the regulation of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Furthermore, we integrate information supporting the role of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in the onset/development of ASDs through direct modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Finally, given GSK3β activity as key modulator of synaptic plasticity, we explore the potential of this kinase as a therapeutic target for ASD.
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26
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Abstract
β-catenin is widely regarded as the primary transducer of canonical WNT signals to the nucleus. In most vertebrates, there are eight additional catenins that are structurally related to β-catenin, and three α-catenin genes encoding actin-binding proteins that are structurally related to vinculin. Although these catenins were initially identified in association with cadherins at cell-cell junctions, more recent evidence suggests that the majority of catenins also localize to the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Moreover, the number of catenins reported to be responsive to canonical WNT signals is increasing. Here, we posit that multiple catenins form a functional network in the nucleus, possibly engaging in conserved protein-protein interactions that are currently better characterized in the context of actin-based cell junctions.
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27
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Hong JY, Oh IH, McCrea PD. Phosphorylation and isoform use in p120-catenin during development and tumorigenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:102-14. [PMID: 26477567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
P120-catenin is essential to vertebrate development, modulating cadherin and small-GTPase functions, and growing evidence points also to roles in the nucleus. A complexity in addressing p120-catenin's functions is its many isoforms, including optional splicing events, alternative points of translational initiation, and secondary modifications. In this review, we focus upon how choices in the initiation of protein translation, or the earlier splicing of the RNA transcript, relates to primary sequences that harbor established or putative regulatory phosphorylation sites. While certain p120 phosphorylation events arise via known kinases/phosphatases and have defined outcomes, in most cases the functional consequences are still to be established. In this review, we provide examples of p120-isoforms as they relate to phosphorylation events, and thereby to isoform dependent protein-protein associations and downstream functions. We also provide a view of upstream pathways that determine p120's phosphorylation state, and that have an impact upon development and disease. Because other members of the p120 subfamily undergo similar processing and phosphorylation, as well as related catenins of the plakophilin subfamily, what is learned regarding p120 will by extension have wide relevance in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- The Catholic University of Korea, Catholic High Performance Cell Therapy Center, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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28
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Masaki S, Kii I, Sumida Y, Kato-Sumida T, Ogawa Y, Ito N, Nakamura M, Sonamoto R, Kataoka N, Hosoya T, Hagiwara M. Design and synthesis of a potent inhibitor of class 1 DYRK kinases as a suppressor of adipogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4434-4441. [PMID: 26145823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) has been demonstrated in several pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and cancer progression. It has been recently reported that a gain of function-mutation in the human DYRK1B gene exacerbates metabolic syndrome by enhancing obesity. In the previous study, we developed an inhibitor of DYRK family kinases (INDY) and demonstrated that INDY suppresses the pathological phenotypes induced by overexpression of DYRK1A or DYRK1B in cellular and animal models. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel inhibitor of DYRK family kinases based on the crystal structure of the DYRK1A/INDY complex by replacing the phenol group of INDY with dibenzofuran to produce a derivative, named BINDY. This compound exhibited potent and selective inhibitory activity toward DYRK family kinases in an in vitro assay. Furthermore, treatment of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with BINDY hampered adipogenesis by suppressing gene expression of the critical transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα. This study indicates the possibility of BINDY as a potential drug for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Masaki
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Shigoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isao Kii
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Sumida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kato-Sumida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Natural Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Rie Sonamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Shigoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Abstract
The arrival of multicellularity in evolution facilitated cell-cell signaling in conjunction with adhesion. As the ectodomains of cadherins interact with each other directly in trans (as well as in cis), spanning the plasma membrane and associating with multiple other entities, cadherins enable the transduction of "outside-in" or "inside-out" signals. We focus this review on signals that originate from the larger family of cadherins that are inwardly directed to the nucleus, and thus have roles in gene control or nuclear structure-function. The nature of cadherin complexes varies considerably depending on the type of cadherin and its context, and we will address some of these variables for classical cadherins versus other family members. Substantial but still fragmentary progress has been made in understanding the signaling mediators used by varied cadherin complexes to coordinate the state of cell-cell adhesion with gene expression. Evidence that cadherin intracellular binding partners also localize to the nucleus is a major point of interest. In some models, catenins show reduced binding to cadherin cytoplasmic tails favoring their engagement in gene control. When bound, cadherins may serve as stoichiometric competitors of nuclear signals. Cadherins also directly or indirectly affect numerous signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, receptor tyrosine kinase, Hippo, NFκB, and JAK/STAT), enabling cell-cell contacts to touch upon multiple biological outcomes in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Program in Genes & Development, Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Meghan T Maher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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30
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Di Vona C, Bezdan D, Islam ABMMK, Salichs E, López-Bigas N, Ossowski S, de la Luna S. Chromatin-wide profiling of DYRK1A reveals a role as a gene-specific RNA polymerase II CTD kinase. Mol Cell 2015; 57:506-20. [PMID: 25620562 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DYRK1A is a dosage-sensitive protein kinase that fulfills key roles during development and in tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation results in human pathologies. DYRK1A is present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of mammalian cells, although its nuclear function remains unclear. Genome-wide analysis of DYRK1A-associated loci reveals that the kinase is recruited preferentially to promoters of genes actively transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), which are functionally associated with translation, RNA processing, and cell cycle. DYRK1A-bound promoter sequences are highly enriched in a conserved palindromic motif, which is necessary to drive DYRK1A-dependent transcriptional activation. DYRK1A phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAPII at Ser2 and Ser5. Depletion of DYRK1A results in reduced association of RNAPII at the target promoters as well as hypophosphorylation of the RNAPII CTD along the target gene bodies. These results are consistent with DYRK1A being a transcriptional regulator by acting as a CTD kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Vona
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Eulàlia Salichs
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Nuria López-Bigas
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Lee M, Ji H, Furuta Y, Park JI, McCrea PD. p120-catenin regulates REST and CoREST, and modulates mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4037-51. [PMID: 25074806 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.151944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the canonical Wnt pathway and β-catenin have been extensively studied, less is known about the role of p120-catenin (also known as δ1-catenin) in the nuclear compartment. Here, we report that p120-catenin binds and negatively regulates REST and CoREST (also known as Rcor1), a repressive transcriptional complex that has diverse developmental and pathological roles. Using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), mammalian cell lines, Xenopus embryos and in vitro systems, we find that p120-catenin directly binds the REST-CoREST complex, displacing it from established gene targets to permit their transcriptional activation. Importantly, p120-catenin levels further modulate the mRNA and protein levels of Oct4 (also known as POU5F1), Nanog and Sox2, and have an impact upon the differentiation of mESCs towards neural fates. In assessing potential upstream inputs to this new p120-catenin-REST-CoREST pathway, REST gene targets were found to respond to the level of E-cadherin, with evidence suggesting that p120-catenin transduces signals between E-cadherin and the nucleus. In summary, we provide the first evidence for a direct upstream modulator and/or pathway regulating REST-CoREST, and reveal a substantial role for p120-catenin in the modulation of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsup Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science-Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, Riken Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Jae-il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science-Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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32
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Munoz WA, Lee M, Miller RK, Ahmed Z, Ji H, Link TM, Lee GR, Kloc M, Ladbury JE, McCrea PD. Plakophilin-3 catenin associates with the ETV1/ER81 transcription factor to positively modulate gene activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86784. [PMID: 24475179 PMCID: PMC3903613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the plakophilin-catenin sub-family (Pkp-1, -2, and -3) facilitate the linkage of desmosome junctional components to each other (e.g. desmosomal cadherins to desmoplakin) and the intermediate-filament cytoskeleton. Pkps also contribute to desmosomal stabilization and the trafficking of its components. The functions of Pkps outside of the desmosome are less well studied, despite evidence suggesting their roles in mRNA regulation, small-GTPase modulation (e.g. mid-body scission) during cell division, and cell survival following DNA damage. Pkp-catenins are further believed to have roles in the nucleus given their nuclear localization in some contexts and the known nuclear roles of structurally related catenins, such as beta-catenin and p120-catenin. Further, Pkp-catenin activities in the nuclear compartment have become of increased interest with the identification of interactions between Pkp2-catenin and RNA Pol III and Pkp1 with single-stranded DNA. Consistent with earlier reports suggesting possible nuclear roles in development, we previously demonstrated prominent nuclear localization of Pkp3 in Xenopus naïve ectoderm (“animal cap”) cells and recently resolved a similar localization in mouse embryonic stem cells. Here, we report the association and positive functional interaction of Pkp3 with a transcription factor, Ets variant gene 1 (ETV1), which has critical roles in neural development and prominent roles in human genetic disease. Our results are the first to report the interaction of a sequence-specific transcription factor with any Pkp. Using Xenopus laevis embryos and mammalian cells, we provide evidence for the Pkp3:ETV1 complex on both biochemical and functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Munoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Genes & Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science - Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Moonsup Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Genes & Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science - Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel K. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zamal Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Link
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gilbert R. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John E. Ladbury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Genes & Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science - Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pierre D. McCrea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Genes & Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science - Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Miller RK, Hong JY, Muñoz WA, McCrea PD. Beta-catenin versus the other armadillo catenins: assessing our current view of canonical Wnt signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 116:387-407. [PMID: 23481204 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394311-8.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing view of canonical Wnt signaling emphasizes the role of beta-catenin acting downstream of Wnt activation to regulate transcriptional activity. However, emerging evidence indicates that other armadillo catenins in vertebrates, such as members of the p120 subfamily, convey parallel signals to the nucleus downstream of canonical Wnt pathway activation. Their study is thus needed to appreciate the networked mechanisms of canonical Wnt pathway transduction, especially as they may assist in generating the diversity of Wnt effects observed in development and disease. In this chapter, we outline evidence of direct canonical Wnt effects on p120 subfamily members in vertebrates and speculate upon these catenins' roles in conjunction with or aside from beta-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kim CH, Nam HS, Lee EH, Han SH, Cho HJ, Chung HJ, Lee NS, Choi SJ, Kim H, Ryu JS, Kwon J, Kim H. Overexpression of a novel regulator of p120 catenin, NLBP, promotes lung adenocarcinoma proliferation. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2443-53. [PMID: 23839039 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NLBP (novel LZAP-binding protein) was recently shown to function as a tumor suppressor capable of inhibiting the NFκB signaling pathway. NLBP is also known as a negative regulator of cell invasion, and its expression is reduced in several cancer cell lines that have little invasive activity. Although these phenomena suggest that NLBP may be a potential tumor suppressor, its role as a tumor suppressor in human lung cancer is not well established. In contrast to our expectation, NLBP was highly expressed in the early stage of lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and overexpression of NLBP promoted proliferation of H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also found that p120 catenin (p120ctn) was a novel binding partner of NLBP, and that NLBP binds to the regulatory domain of p120ctn, and p120ctn associates with N-terminal region of NLBP, respectively. This binding leads to p120ctn stability to inhibit proteasomal degradation of p120ctn by inhibiting its ubiqutination. In addition, we also found that overexpression of NLBP and p120ctn in human lung cancer are closely related with adenocarcinoma compared with squamous cell carcinoma. Taken together, our findings reveal that NLBP is highly overexpressed in human lung adenocarcinoma, and that overexpression of NLBP promotes the cell proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma through interacting with p120ctn and suggest that NLBP may function as an oncogene in early stage carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon, Republic of Korea
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35
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Functional implications of hippocampal adult neurogenesis in intellectual disabilities. Amino Acids 2013; 45:113-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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O’Roak BJ, Vives L, Fu W, Egertson JD, Stanaway IB, Phelps IG, Carvill G, Kumar A, Lee C, Ankenman K, Munson J, Hiatt JB, Turner EH, Levy R, O’Day DR, Krumm N, Coe BP, Martin BK, Borenstein E, Nickerson DA, Mefford HC, Doherty D, Akey JM, Bernier R, Eichler EE, Shendure J. Multiplex targeted sequencing identifies recurrently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders. Science 2012; 338:1619-22. [PMID: 23160955 PMCID: PMC3528801 DOI: 10.1126/science.1227764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 935] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exome sequencing studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have identified many de novo mutations but few recurrently disrupted genes. We therefore developed a modified molecular inversion probe method enabling ultra-low-cost candidate gene resequencing in very large cohorts. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we captured and sequenced 44 candidate genes in 2446 ASD probands. We discovered 27 de novo events in 16 genes, 59% of which are predicted to truncate proteins or disrupt splicing. We estimate that recurrent disruptive mutations in six genes-CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, TBR1, PTEN, and TBL1XR1-may contribute to 1% of sporadic ASDs. Our data support associations between specific genes and reciprocal subphenotypes (CHD8-macrocephaly and DYRK1A-microcephaly) and replicate the importance of a β-catenin-chromatin-remodeling network to ASD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. O’Roak
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Laura Vives
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wenqing Fu
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jarrett D. Egertson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ian B. Stanaway
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ian G. Phelps
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Gemma Carvill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Akash Kumar
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Choli Lee
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katy Ankenman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeff Munson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joseph B. Hiatt
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily H. Turner
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Roie Levy
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Diana R. O’Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Niklas Krumm
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bradley P. Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Beth K. Martin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elhanan Borenstein
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Heather C. Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Joshua M. Akey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Liao JM, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Lu H. MiR-1246: a new link of the p53 family with cancer and Down syndrome. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2624-30. [PMID: 22751441 PMCID: PMC3409007 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of miRNAs, a number of miRNAs have been identified as p53's transcriptional targets. Most of them are involved in regulation of the known p53 functions, such as cell cycle, apoptosis and senescence. Our recent study revealed miR-1246 as a novel target of p53 and its analogs p63 and p73 to suppress the expression of DYRK1A and consequently activate NFAT, both of which are associated with Down syndrome and possibly with tumorigenesis. This finding suggests that miR-1246 might serve as a likely link of the p53 family with Down syndrome. Here, we provide some prospective views on the potential role of the p53 family in Down syndrome via miR-1246 and propose a new p53-miR-1246-DYRK1A-NFAT pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Liao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Hunan, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, LA USA
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