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Guo X, Song J, Liu M, Ou X, Guo Y. The interplay between the tumor microenvironment and tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer development and therapeutic response. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2356831. [PMID: 38767879 PMCID: PMC11110713 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2356831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in tumor cell survival by profoundly influencing their proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles released by all cell types and often reflect the state of their parental cells and modulate other cells' functions through the various cargo they transport. Tumor-derived small EVs (TDSEVs) can transport specific proteins, nucleic acids and lipids tailored to propagate tumor signals and establish a favorable TME. Thus, the TME's biological characteristics can affect TDSEV heterogeneity, and this interplay can amplify tumor growth, dissemination, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the interplay between TME and TDSEVs based on their biological characteristics and summarizes strategies for targeting cancer cells. Additionally, it reviews the current issues and challenges in this field to offer fresh insights into comprehending tumor development mechanisms and exploring innovative clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajun Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Xinyi Ou
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Yongcan Guo
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
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2
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Keeley O, Coyne AN. Nuclear and degradative functions of the ESCRT-III pathway: implications for neurodegenerative disease. Nucleus 2024; 15:2349085. [PMID: 38700207 PMCID: PMC11073439 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2349085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT machinery plays a pivotal role in membrane-remodeling events across multiple cellular processes including nuclear envelope repair and reformation, nuclear pore complex surveillance, endolysosomal trafficking, and neuronal pruning. Alterations in ESCRT-III functionality have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In addition, mutations in specific ESCRT-III proteins have been identified in FTD/ALS. Thus, understanding how disruptions in the fundamental functions of this pathway and its individual protein components in the human central nervous system (CNS) may offer valuable insights into mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and identification of potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss ESCRT components, dynamics, and functions, with a focus on the ESCRT-III pathway. In addition, we explore the implications of altered ESCRT-III function for neurodegeneration with a primary emphasis on nuclear surveillance and endolysosomal trafficking within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Keeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Coyne
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Nedaeinia R, Najafgholian S, Salehi R, Goli M, Ranjbar M, Nickho H, Haghjooy Javanmard S, A Ferns G, Manian M. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and exosomal miRNAs-mediated intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and the biology of carcinogenesis: a systematic review. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:380. [PMID: 39187523 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CAFs (cancer-associated fibroblasts) are highly flexible cells of the cancer microenvironment. They produce the extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents that form the structure of the tumor stroma but are also a source of metabolites, growth factors, chemokines, and exosomes that impact every aspect of the tumor, including its response to treatment. It is believed that exosomal miRNAs facilitate intercellular signaling, which is essential for the development of cancer. The role of miRNAs and CAFs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and carcinogenesis is reviewed in this paper. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used to perform a systematic review. Several databases, including Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, were searched using the following keywords: CAFs, CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts, stromal fibroblasts, miRNA, exosomal miRNAs, exosome and similar terms. We identified studies investigating exosomal miRNAs and CAFs in the TME and their role in carcinogenesis. A total of 12,572 papers were identified. After removing duplicates (n = 3803), 8774 articles were screened by title and abstract. Of these, 421 were excluded from further analysis. It has been reported that if exosomal miRNAs in CAFs are not functioning correctly, this may influence the secretory phenotype of tip cells and contribute to increased tumor invasiveness, tumor spread, decreased treatment efficacy, and a poorer prognosis. Under their influence, normal fibroblasts (NFs) are transformed into CAFs. Furthermore, they participate in metabolic reprogramming, which allows for fast proliferation of the cancer cell population, adaptation to growing energy demands, and the capacity to avoid immune system identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Simin Najafgholian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Valiasr Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ranjbar
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Science Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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4
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Min L, Bu F, Meng J, Liu X, Guo Q, Zhao L, Li Z, Li X, Zhu S, Zhang S. Circulating small extracellular vesicle RNA profiling for the detection of T1a stage colorectal cancer and precancerous advanced adenoma. eLife 2024; 12:RP88675. [PMID: 39121006 PMCID: PMC11315448 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
It takes more than 20 years for normal colorectal mucosa to develop into metastatic carcinoma. The long time window provides a golden opportunity for early detection to terminate the malignant progression. Here, we aim to enable liquid biopsy of T1a stage colorectal cancer (CRC) and precancerous advanced adenoma (AA) by profiling circulating small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-derived RNAs. We exhibited a full RNA landscape for the circulating sEVs isolated from 60 participants. A total of 58,333 annotated RNAs were detected from plasma sEVs, among which 1,615 and 888 sEV-RNAs were found differentially expressed in plasma from T1a stage CRC and AA compared to normal controls (NC). Then we further categorized these sEV-RNAs into six modules by a weighted gene coexpression network analysis and constructed a 60-gene t-SNE model consisting of the top 10 RNAs of each module that could well distinguish T1a stage CRC/AA from NC samples. Some sEV-RNAs were also identified as indicators of specific endoscopic and morphological features of different colorectal lesions. The top-ranked biomarkers were further verified by RT-qPCR, proving that these candidate sEV-RNAs successfully identified T1a stage CRC/AA from NC in another cohort of 124 participants. Finally, we adopted different algorithms to improve the performance of RT-qPCR-based models and successfully constructed an optimized classifier with 79.3% specificity and 99.0% sensitivity. In conclusion, circulating sEVs of T1a stage CRC and AA patients have distinct RNA profiles, which successfully enable the detection of both T1a stage CRC and AA via liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Jingxin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Qingdong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | | | - Zhi Li
- Echo Biotech Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Xiangji Li
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, International Hospital, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
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5
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Xu F, Luo S, Lu P, Cai C, Li W, Li C. Composition, functions, and applications of exosomal membrane proteins. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408415. [PMID: 39148736 PMCID: PMC11324478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a crucial role in various biological processes, such as human development, immune responses, and disease occurrence. The membrane proteins on exosomes are pivotal factors for their biological functionality. Currently, numerous membrane proteins have been identified on exosome membranes, participating in intercellular communication, mediating target cell recognition, and regulating immune processes. Furthermore, membrane proteins from exosomes derived from cancer cells can serve as relevant biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the composition of exosome membrane proteins and their diverse functions in the organism's biological processes. Through in-depth exploration of exosome membrane proteins, it is expected to offer essential foundations for the future development of novel biomedical diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Luo
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Lu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyun Li
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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Ren B, Li X, Zhang Z, Tai S, Yu S. Exosomes: a significant medium for regulating drug resistance through cargo delivery. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1379822. [PMID: 39135913 PMCID: PMC11317298 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1379822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small lipid nanovesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm. They are present in all body fluids and are actively secreted by the majority of cells through the process of exocytosis. Exosomes play an essential role in intercellular communication and act as significant molecular carriers in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as the emergence of drug resistance in tumors. Tumor-associated exosomes transfer drug resistance to other tumor cells by releasing substances such as multidrug resistance proteins and miRNAs through exosomes. These substances change the cell phenotype, making it resistant to drugs. Tumor-associated exosomes also play a role in impacting drug resistance in other cells, like immune cells and stromal cells. Exosomes alter the behavior and function of these cells to help tumor cells evade immune surveillance and form a tumor niche. In addition, exosomes also export substances such as tumoricidal drugs and neutralizing antibody drugs to help tumor cells resist drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of exosomes in promoting drug resistance by delivering cargo in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixuan Ren
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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7
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Trotta MC, Esposito D, Carotenuto R, di Fraia R, Selvaggio LD, Allosso F, Russo M, Accardo G, Alfano R, D'Amico M, Pasquali D. Thyroid dysfunction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a pilot study on the putative role of miR-29a and TGFβ1. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03965-3. [PMID: 39023839 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common causes of thyroid dysfunction in iodine sufficient worldwide areas, but its molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. To this regard, this study aimed to assess serum levels of miRNA-29a (miR-29a) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) in HT patients with different patterns of thyroid function. METHODS A total of 29 HT patients, with a median age of 52 years (21-68) were included. Of these, 13 had normal thyroid function (Eu-HT); 8 had non-treated hypothyroidism (Hypo-HT); 8 had hypothyroidism on replacement therapy with LT4 (subst-HT). All patients had serum miR-29a assayed through qRT-PCR and serum TGFβ1 assayed by ELISA. RESULTS Serum miR-29a levels were significantly down-regulated in patients with Hypo-HT compared to Eu-HT patients (P < 0.01) and subst-HT patients (P < 0.05). A significant negative correlation was detected between serum miR-29a levels and TSH levels (r = -0.60, P < 0.01). Serum TGFβ1 levels were significantly higher in Hypo-HT than both Eu-HT (P < 0.01) and subst-HT patients (P < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between serum miR-29a and TGFβ1 (r = -0.75, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Hypo-HT patients had lower levels of serum miR-29a and higher levels of TGFβ1 in comparison with Eu-HT patients. Worthy of note, subst-HT patients showed restored serum miR-29a levels compared with Hypo-HT group, associated with lower serum TGFβ1. These novel findings may suggest a possible impact of replacement therapy with levothyroxine on serum miR-29a levels in HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raffaela Carotenuto
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa di Fraia
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Digitale Selvaggio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Allosso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- PhD Course in National Interest in Public Administration and Innovation for Disability and Social Inclusion, Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- School of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pasquali
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Kaur M, Fusco S, Van den Broek B, Aseervatham J, Rostami A, Iacovitti L, Grassi C, Lukomska B, Srivastava AK. Most recent advances and applications of extracellular vesicles in tackling neurological challenges. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1923-1966. [PMID: 38500405 DOI: 10.1002/med.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the global burden of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Despite advances in technology and therapeutic options, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders persist as significant challenges in treatment and cure. Recently, there has been a remarkable surge of interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication. As carriers of molecular cargo, EVs demonstrate the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, enabling bidirectional communication. As a result, they have garnered attention as potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents, whether in their natural form or after being engineered for use in the CNS. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to EVs, encompassing various aspects such as their diverse isolation methods, characterization, handling, storage, and different routes for EV administration. Additionally, it underscores the recent advances in their potential applications in neurodegenerative disorder therapeutics. By exploring their unique capabilities, this study sheds light on the promising future of EVs in clinical research. It considers the inherent challenges and limitations of these emerging applications while incorporating the most recent updates in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bram Van den Broek
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Larey AM, Spoerer TM, Daga KR, Morfin MG, Hynds HM, Carpenter J, Hines KM, Marklein RA. High throughput screening of mesenchymal stromal cell morphological response to inflammatory signals for bioreactor-based manufacturing of extracellular vesicles that modulate microglia. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:153-171. [PMID: 38549769 PMCID: PMC10972802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their immunomodulatory function, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic with the potential to treat neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This function is mediated by secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). Despite established safety, MSC clinical translation has been unsuccessful due to inconsistent clinical outcomes resulting from functional heterogeneity. Current approaches to mitigate functional heterogeneity include 'priming' MSCs with inflammatory signals to enhance function. However, comprehensive evaluation of priming and its effects on MSC-EV function has not been performed. Furthermore, clinical translation of MSC-EV therapies requires significant manufacturing scale-up, yet few studies have investigated the effects of priming in bioreactors. As MSC morphology has been shown to predict their immunomodulatory function, we screened MSC morphological response to an array of priming signals and evaluated MSC-EV identity and potency in response to priming in flasks and bioreactors. We identified unique priming conditions corresponding to distinct morphologies. These conditions demonstrated a range of MSC-EV preparation quality and lipidome, allowing us to discover a novel MSC-EV manufacturing condition, as well as gain insight into potential mechanisms of MSC-EV microglia modulation. Our novel screening approach and application of priming to MSC-EV bioreactor manufacturing informs refinement of larger-scale manufacturing and enhancement of MSC-EV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Larey
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Spoerer
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kanupriya R. Daga
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Maria G. Morfin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah M. Hynds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jana Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelly M. Hines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ross A. Marklein
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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10
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Pirouzpanah MB, Babaie S, Pourzeinali S, Valizadeh H, Malekeh S, Şahin F, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Harnessing tumor-derived exosomes: A promising approach for the expansion of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of prostate cancer. Biofactors 2024; 50:674-692. [PMID: 38205673 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of men's death worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapy for localized prostate cancer have improved, the majority of men with metastatic disease die from prostate cancer annually. Therefore, identification of the cellular-molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer is essential for overcoming controlled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that mediate most cells' interactions and contain membrane proteins, cytosolic and nuclear proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. Exosomes play an essential role in paracrine pathways, potentially influencing Prostate cancer progression through a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in the Prostate cancer microenvironment, like their involvement in prostate cancer occurrence, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and drug resistance. We also present the latest findings regarding the function of exosomes as biomarkers, direct therapeutic targets in prostate cancer, and the challenges and advantages associated with using exosomes as natural carriers and in exosome-based immunotherapy. These findings are a promising avenue for the expansion of potential clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourzeinali
- Amiralmomenin Hospital of Charoimagh, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Valizadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Malekeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Rahmani A, Soleymani A, Almukhtar M, Behzad Moghadam K, Vaziri Z, Hosein Tabar Kashi A, Adabi Firoozjah R, Jafari Tadi M, Zolfaghari Dehkharghani M, Valadi H, Moghadamnia AA, Gasser RB, Rostami A. Exosomes, and the potential for exosome-based interventions against COVID-19. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2562. [PMID: 38924213 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Since late 2019, the world has been devastated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 760 million people affected and ∼seven million deaths reported. Although effective treatments for COVID-19 are currently limited, there has been a strong focus on developing new therapeutic approaches to address the morbidity and mortality linked to this disease. An approach that is currently being investigated is the use of exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are small, extracellular vesicles that play a role in many clinical diseases, including viral infections, infected cells release exosomes that can transmit viral components, such as miRNAs and proteins, and can also include receptors for viruses that facilitate viral entry into recipient cells. SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to impact the formation, secretion, and release of exosomes, thereby potentially facilitating or intensifying the transmission of the virus among cells, tissues and individuals. Therefore, designing synthetic exosomes that carry immunomodulatory cargo and antiviral compounds are proposed to be a promising strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral diseases. Moreover, exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) might be employed as cell-free therapeutic agents, as MSC-derived exosomes can diminish the cytokine storm and reverse the suppression of host anti-viral defences associated with COVID-19, and boost the repair of lung damage linked to mitochondrial activity. The present article discusses the significance and roles of exosomes in COVID-19, and explores potential future applications of exosomes in combating this disease. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, exosome-based therapies could represent a promising avenue for improving patient outcomes and reducing the impact of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Rahmani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Behzad Moghadam
- Independent Researcher, Former University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zahra Vaziri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Hosein Tabar Kashi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Adabi Firoozjah
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jafari Tadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maryam Zolfaghari Dehkharghani
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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12
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Kowalczyk A, Dziubak D, Kasprzak A, Sobczak K, Ruzycka-Ayoush M, Bamburowicz-Klimkowska M, Sęk S, Rios-Mondragon I, Żołek T, Runden-Pran E, Shaposhnikov S, Cimpan MR, Dusinska M, Grudzinski IP, Nowicka AM. Surface-Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles Seeking Molecular Biotargets in Lung Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31997-32016. [PMID: 38869318 PMCID: PMC11212023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a new approach to modern oncology. Here, to facilitate the application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from lung cancer cells as potent advanced therapy medicinal products in lung cancer, the EV membrane was functionalized with a specific ligand for targeting purposes. In this role, the most effective heptapeptide in binding to lung cancer cells (PTHTRWA) was used. The functionalization process of EV surface was performed through the C- or N-terminal end of the heptapeptide. To prove the activity of the EVs functionalized with PTHTRWA, both a model of lipid membrane mimicking normal and cancerous cell membranes as well as human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) and human normal bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) have been exposed to these bioconstructs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the as-bioengineered PTHTRWA-EVs loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO) cargos reach the growing tumor when dosed intravenously in NUDE Balb/c mice bearing A549 cancer. Molecular dynamics (MD) in silico studies elucidated a high affinity of the synthesized peptide to the α5β1 integrin. Preclinical safety assays did not evidence any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects of the PTHTRWA-bioengineered EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kowalczyk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
| | - Damian Dziubak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research
Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101 Street, Warsaw PL-02-089, Poland
| | - Artur Kasprzak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Kamil Sobczak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research
Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101 Street, Warsaw PL-02-089, Poland
| | - Monika Ruzycka-Ayoush
- Department
of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-097, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska
- Department
of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-097, Poland
| | - Sławomir Sęk
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research
Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101 Street, Warsaw PL-02-089, Poland
| | - Ivan Rios-Mondragon
- Biomaterials
- Department for Clinical Dentistry, University
of Bergen, Årstadveien
19, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Teresa Żołek
- Department
of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-097, Poland
| | - Elise Runden-Pran
- Health
Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2007, Norway
| | | | - Mihaela Roxana Cimpan
- Biomaterials
- Department for Clinical Dentistry, University
of Bergen, Årstadveien
19, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health
Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2007, Norway
| | - Ireneusz P. Grudzinski
- Department
of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-097, Poland
| | - Anna M. Nowicka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
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13
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Liu M, Wen Z, Zhang T, Zhang L, Liu X, Wang M. The role of exosomal molecular cargo in exosome biogenesis and disease diagnosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1417758. [PMID: 38983854 PMCID: PMC11231912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1417758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes represent a type of extracellular vesicles derived from the endosomal pathway that transport diverse molecular cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These cargoes have emerged as crucial elements impacting disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and are integral to the process of exosome formation. This review delves into the essential molecular cargoes implicated in the phases of exosome production and release. Emphasis is placed on their significance as cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, accompanied by an exploration of the obstacles and feasible applications linked to these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wen
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linghan Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Maoyuan Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, GanZhou, China
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14
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Lu T, Zheng Y, Chen X, Lin Z, Liu C, Yuan C. The role of exosome derived miRNAs in inter-cell crosstalk among insulin-related organs in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01026-x. [PMID: 38698251 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cell types, and carry diverse cargo including RNA, and other substances. Recent studies have focused exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) on various human diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (METS) which accompany the occurrence of insulin resistance. The regulation of insulin signaling has connected with some miRNA expression which play a significant regulatory character in insulin targeted cells or organs, such as fat, muscle, and liver. The miRNAs carried by exosomes, through the circulation in the body fluids, mediate all kinds of physiological and pathological process involved in the human body. Studies have found that exosome derived miRNAs are abnormally expressed and cross-talked with insulin targeted cells or organs to affect insulin pathways. Further investigations of the mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in T2DM will be valuable for the diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of T2DM. This review will summarize the molecular mechanism of action of the miRNAs carried by exosomes which are secreted from insulin signaling related cells, and elucidate the pathogenesis of insulin resistance to provide a new strategy for the potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Key Laboratory of Hubei province in China, China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Key Laboratory of Hubei province in China, China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Key Laboratory of Hubei province in China, China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Key Laboratory of Hubei province in China, China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Key Laboratory of Hubei province in China, China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China.
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Key Laboratory of Hubei province in China, China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China.
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China.
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15
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Das Gupta A, Park J, Sorrells JE, Kim H, Krawczynska N, Gamage HEV, Nelczyk AT, Boppart SA, Boppart MD, Nelson ER. Cholesterol Metabolite 27-Hydroxycholesterol Enhances the Secretion of Cancer Promoting Extracellular Vesicles by a Mitochondrial ROS-Induced Impairment of Lysosomal Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.591500. [PMID: 38746134 PMCID: PMC11092642 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.591500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication in normal physiology as well as in diseased states, and have been largely studied in regard to their role in cancer progression. However, the mechanisms by which their biogenesis and secretion are regulated by metabolic or endocrine factors remain unknown. Here, we delineate a mechanism by which EV secretion is regulated by a cholesterol metabolite, 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27HC), where treatment of myeloid immune cells (RAW 264.7 and J774A.1) with 27HC impairs lysosomal homeostasis, leading to shunting of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) away from lysosomal degradation, towards secretion as EVs. This impairment of lysosomal function is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, cotreatment with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant rescued the lysosomal impairment and attenuated the 27HC-mediated increase in EV secretion. Overall, our findings establish how a cholesterol metabolite regulates EV secretion and paves the way for the development of strategies to regulate cancer progression by controlling EV secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Das Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Jaena Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Janet E. Sorrells
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Hannah Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Natalia Krawczynska
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Hashni Epa Vidana Gamage
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Adam T. Nelczyk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- NIH/NIBIB Center for Label-free Imaging and Multi-scale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801 USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Marni D. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Erik R. Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology-Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 61801 USA
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16
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Yue Y, Dai W, Wei Y, Cao S, Liao S, Li A, Liu P, Lin J, Zeng H. Unlocking the potential of exosomes: a breakthrough in the theranosis of degenerative orthopaedic diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1377142. [PMID: 38699435 PMCID: PMC11064847 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1377142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative orthopaedic diseases pose a notable worldwide public health issue attributable to the global aging population. Conventional medical approaches, encompassing physical therapy, pharmaceutical interventions, and surgical methods, face obstacles in halting or reversing the degenerative process. In recent times, exosome-based therapy has gained widespread acceptance and popularity as an effective treatment for degenerative orthopaedic diseases. This therapeutic approach holds the potential for "cell-free" tissue regeneration. Exosomes, membranous vesicles resulting from the fusion of intracellular multivesicles with the cell membrane, are released into the extracellular matrix. Addressing challenges such as the rapid elimination of natural exosomes in vivo and the limitation of drug concentration can be effectively achieved through various strategies, including engineering modification, gene overexpression modification, and biomaterial binding. This review provides a concise overview of the source, classification, and preparation methods of exosomes, followed by an in-depth analysis of their functions and potential applications. Furthermore, the review explores various strategies for utilizing exosomes in the treatment of degenerative orthopaedic diseases, encompassing engineering modification, gene overexpression, and biomaterial binding. The primary objective is to provide a fresh viewpoint on the utilization of exosomes in addressing bone degenerative conditions and to support the practical application of exosomes in the theranosis of degenerative orthopaedic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohang Yue
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Dai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihao Wei
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyang Cao
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Liao
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Aikang Li
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjing Lin
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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17
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Ramachandran A, Dhar R, Devi A. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: An Advanced Horizon to Cancer Regenerative Medicine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2128-2139. [PMID: 38568170 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer research has made significant progress in recent years, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) based cancer investigation reveals several facts about cancer. Exosomes are a subpopulation of EVs. In the present decade, exosomes is mostly highlighted for cancer theranostic research. Tumor cell derived exosomes (TEXs) promote cancer but there are multiple sources of exosomes that can be used as cancer therapeutic agents (plant exosomes, stem cell-derived exosomes, modified or synthetic exosomes). Stem cells based regenerative medicine faces numerous challenges, such as promote tumor development, cellular reprogramming etc., and therefore addressing these complications becomes essential. Stem cell-derived exosomes serves as an answer to these problems and offers a better solution. Global research indicates that stem cell-derived exosomes also play a dual role in the cellular system by either inhibiting or promoting cancer. Modified exosomes which are genetically engineered exosomes or surface modified exosomes to increase the efficacy of the therapeutic properties can also be considered to target the above concerns. However, the difficulties associated with the exosomes include variations in exosomes heterogenity, isolation protocols, large scale production, etc., and these have to be managed effectively. In this review, we explore exosomes biogenesis, multiple stem cell-derived exosome sources, drug delivery, modified stem cells exosomes, clinical trial of stem cells exosomes, and the related challenges in this domain and future orientation. This article may encourage researchers to explore stem cell-derived exosomes and develop an effective and affordable cancer therapeutic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ramachandran
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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18
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Qiu H, Liang J, Yang G, Xie Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang J, Nanda HS, Zhou H, Huang Y, Peng X, Lu C, Chen H, Zhou Y. Application of exosomes in tumor immunity: recent progresses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372847. [PMID: 38633106 PMCID: PMC11021734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm. They contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other bioactive molecules, which play a crucial role in intercellular communication and material transfer. In tumor immunity, exosomes present various functions while the following two are of great importance: regulating the immune response and serving as delivery carriers. This review starts with the introduction of the formation, compositions, functions, isolation, characterization, and applications of exosomes, and subsequently discusses the current status of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy, and the recent applications of exosome-based tumor immunity regulation and antitumor drug delivery. Finally, current challenge and future prospects are proposed and hope to demonstrate inspiration for targeted readers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Junting Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chengyu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huizhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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19
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Gupta S, Singh B, Abhishek R, Gupta S, Sachan M. The emerging role of liquid biopsy in oral squamous cell carcinoma detection: advantages and challenges. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:311-331. [PMID: 38607339 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2340997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), the sixth most widespread malignancy in the world, accounts for 90% of all cases of oral cancer. The primary risk factors are tobacco chewing, alcohol consumption, viral infection, and genetic modifications. OSCC has a high morbidity rate due to the lack of early diagnostic methods. Nowadays, liquid biopsy plays a vital role in the initial diagnosis of oral cancer. ctNAs extracted from saliva and serum/plasma offer meaningful insights into tumor genetics and dynamics. The interplay of these elements in saliva and serum/plasma showcases their significance in advancing noninvasive, effective OSCC detection and monitoring. AREAS COVERED This review mainly focused on the role of liquid biopsy as an emerging point in the diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC and the current advancements and challenges associated with liquid biopsy. EXPERT OPINION Liquid biopsy is regarded as a new, minimally invasive, real-time monitoring tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Many biomolecules found in bodily fluids, including ctDNA, ctRNA, CTCs, and EVs, are significant biomarkers to identify cancer in its early stages. Despite these groundbreaking strides, challenges persist. Standardization of sample collection, isolation, processing, and detection methods is imperative for ensuring result reproducibility across diverse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Brijesh Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Rajul Abhishek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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20
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Yin W, Ma H, Qu Y, Wang S, Zhao R, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Targeted exosome-based nanoplatform for new-generation therapeutic strategies. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:032002. [PMID: 38471163 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, typically 30-150 nm in size, are lipid-bilayered small-membrane vesicles originating in endosomes. Exosome biogenesis is regulated by the coordination of various mechanisms whereby different cargoes (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) are sorted into exosomes. These components endow exosomes with bioregulatory functions related to signal transmission and intercellular communication. Exosomes exhibit substantial potential as drug-delivery nanoplatforms owing to their excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Proteins, miRNA, siRNA, mRNA, and drugs have been successfully loaded into exosomes, and these exosome-based delivery systems show satisfactory therapeutic effects in different disease models. To enable targeted drug delivery, genetic engineering and chemical modification of the lipid bilayer of exosomes are performed. Stimuli-responsive delivery nanoplatforms designed with appropriate modifications based on various stimuli allow precise control of on-demand drug delivery and can be utilized in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the general properties, isolation methods, characterization, biological functions, and the potential role of exosomes in therapeutic delivery systems. Moreover, the effective combination of the intrinsic advantages of exosomes and advanced bioengineering, materials science, and clinical translational technologies are required to accelerate the development of exosome-based delivery nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Ma
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
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21
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Chen Z, Zhang J, Pan Y, Hao Z, Li S. Extracellular vesicles as carriers for noncoding RNA-based regulation of macrophage/microglia polarization: an emerging candidate regulator for lung and traumatic brain injuries. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343364. [PMID: 38558799 PMCID: PMC10978530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage/microglia function as immune defense and homeostatic cells that originate from bone marrow progenitor cells. Macrophage/microglia activation is historically divided into proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 states based on intracellular dynamics and protein production. The polarization of macrophages/microglia involves a pivotal impact in modulating the development of inflammatory disorders, namely lung and traumatic brain injuries. Recent evidence indicates shared signaling pathways in lung and traumatic brain injuries, regulated through non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) loaded into extracellular vesicles (EVs). This packaging protects ncRNAs from degradation. These vesicles are subcellular components released through a paracellular mechanism, constituting a group of nanoparticles that involve exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are characterized by a double-layered membrane and are abound with proteins, nucleic acids, and other bioactive compounds. ncRNAs are RNA molecules with functional roles, despite their absence of coding capacity. They actively participate in the regulation of mRNA expression and function through various mechanisms. Recent studies pointed out that selective packaging of ncRNAs into EVs plays a role in modulating distinct facets of macrophage/microglia polarization, under conditions of lung and traumatic brain injuries. This study will explore the latest findings regarding the role of EVs in the progression of lung and traumatic brain injuries, with a specific focus on the involvement of ncRNAs within these vesicles. The conclusion of this review will emphasize the clinical opportunities presented by EV-ncRNAs, underscoring their potential functions as both biomarkers and targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongnan Hao
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Izhiman Y, Esfandiari L. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles and exogenous stimuli in molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1368630. [PMID: 38572074 PMCID: PMC10989355 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1368630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries lead to significant morbidity and adversely affect quality of life. The peripheral nervous system harbors the unique trait of autonomous regeneration; however, achieving successful regeneration remains uncertain. Research continues to augment and expedite successful peripheral nerve recovery, offering promising strategies for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR). These include leveraging extracellular vesicle (EV) communication and harnessing cellular activation through electrical and mechanical stimulation. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), 30-150 nm in diameter, play a pivotal role in regulating intercellular communication within the regenerative cascade, specifically among nerve cells, Schwann cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Furthermore, the utilization of exogenous stimuli, including electrical stimulation (ES), ultrasound stimulation (US), and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), offers remarkable advantages in accelerating and augmenting PNR. Moreover, the application of mechanical and electrical stimuli can potentially affect the biogenesis and secretion of sEVs, consequently leading to potential improvements in PNR. In this review article, we comprehensively delve into the intricacies of cell-to-cell communication facilitated by sEVs and the key regulatory signaling pathways governing PNR. Additionally, we investigated the broad-ranging impacts of ES, US, and ESWT on PNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Izhiman
- Esfandiari Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Esfandiari Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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23
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Cheng X, Henick BS, Cheng K. Anticancer Therapy Targeting Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6748-6765. [PMID: 38393984 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural lipid nanoparticles secreted by most types of cells. In malignant cancer, EVs derived from cancer cells contribute to its progression and metastasis by facilitating tumor growth and invasion, interfering with anticancer immunity, and establishing premetastasis niches in distant organs. In recent years, multiple strategies targeting cancer-derived EVs have been proposed to improve cancer patient outcomes, including inhibiting EV generation, disrupting EVs during trafficking, and blocking EV uptake by recipient cells. Developments in EV engineering also show promising results in harnessing cancer-derived EVs as anticancer agents. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the origin and functions of cancer-derived EVs and review the recent progress in anticancer therapy targeting these EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Brian S Henick
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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24
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Zheng W, Ji X, Yin QQ, Wu C, Xu C, Pan H, Wu C. Exosomes as Emerging Regulators of Immune Responses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:3759339. [PMID: 38455849 PMCID: PMC10919986 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3759339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Immune dysregulation-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation is a critical factor that poses a significant risk to the metabolic disorders of T2DM and its related complications. Exosomes, as small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, have emerged as essential regulators of intercellular communication and immune regulation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of exosomes derived from immune and nonimmune cells in modulating immune responses in T2DM by regulating immune cell functions and cytokine production. More importantly, we suggest potential strategies for the clinical applications of exosomes in T2DM management, including biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring, exosome-based therapies for drug delivery vehicles, and targeted therapy for exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiao qiao Yin
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chensi Wu
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengan Xu
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Chang C, Wang Y, Wang R, Bao X. Considering Context-Specific microRNAs in Ischemic Stroke with Three "W": Where, When, and What. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04051-5. [PMID: 38381296 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that function as critical regulators of various biological processes through negative regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs are potential biomarkers for ischemic stroke. In this review, we first illustrate the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and demonstrate the biogenesis and transportation of microRNAs from cells. We then discuss several promising microRNA biomarkers in ischemic stroke in a context-specific manner from three dimensions: biofluids selection for microRNA extraction (Where), the timing of sample collection after ischemic stroke onset (When), and the clinical application of the differential-expressed microRNAs during stroke pathophysiology (What). We show that microRNAs have the utilities in ischemic stroke diagnosis, risk stratification, subtype classification, prognosis prediction, and treatment response monitoring. However, there are also obstacles in microRNA biomarker research, and this review will discuss the possible ways to improve microRNA biomarkers. Overall, microRNAs have the potential to assist clinical treatment, and developing microRNA panels for clinical application is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuheng Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- M.D. Program, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Youyang Wang
- Department of General Practice (General Internal Medicine), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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26
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Sambre P, Ho JCS, Parikh AN. Intravesicular Solute Delivery and Surface Area Regulation in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Driven by Cycles of Osmotic Stresses. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3250-3261. [PMID: 38266489 PMCID: PMC10859933 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipid bilayers are dynamic cellular components that undergo constant changes in their topology, facilitating a broad diversity of physiological functions including endo- and exocytosis, cell division, and intracellular trafficking. These shape transformations consume energy, supplied invariably by the activity of proteins. Here, we show that cycles of oppositely directed osmotic stresses─unassisted by any protein activity─can induce well-defined remodeling of giant unilamellar vesicles, minimally recapitulating the phenomenologies of surface area homeostasis and macropinocytosis. We find that a stress cycle consisting of deflationary hypertonic stress followed by an inflationary hypotonic one prompts an elaborate sequence of membrane shape changes ultimately transporting molecular cargo from the outside into the intravesicular milieu. The initial osmotic deflation produces microscopic spherical invaginations. During the subsequent inflation, the first subpopulation contributes area to the swelling membrane, thereby providing a means for surface area regulation and tensional homeostasis. The second subpopulation vesiculates into the lumens of the mother vesicles, producing pinocytic vesicles. Remarkably, the gradients of solute concentrations between the GUV and the daughter pinocytic vesicles create cascades of water current, inducing pulsatory transient poration that enable solute exchange between the buds and the GUV interior. This results in an efficient water-flux-mediated delivery of molecular cargo across the membrane boundary. Our findings suggest a primitive physical mechanism for communication and transport across protocellular compartments driven only by osmotic stresses. They also suggest plausible physical routes for intravesicular, and possibly intracellular, delivery of ions, solutes, and molecular cargo stimulated simply by cycles of osmotic currents of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi
D. Sambre
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C. S. Ho
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921 Singapore
- Institute
for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551Singapore
| | - Atul N. Parikh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921 Singapore
- Institute
for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551Singapore
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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27
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Yu Z, Yang Y, Chan RB, Shi M, Stewart T, Huang Y, Liu Z, Lan G, Sheng L, Tian C, Yang D, Zhang J. GV-971 attenuates α-Synuclein aggregation and related pathology. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14393. [PMID: 37563872 PMCID: PMC10848097 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), share a distinct pathological feature, that is, a widespread accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. There is a significant clinical unmet need for disease-modifying treatments for synucleinopathies. Recently, a seaweed-derived mixture of oligosaccharides sodium oligomannate, GV-971, was approved for Phase 2 clinical trials for PD. This study aimed to further evaluate the therapeutic effects of GV-971 on synucleinopathies using cellular and animal models and explore its associated molecular mechanisms. METHODS α-Syn aggregation was assessed, in vitro and ex vivo, by ThT assay. A dopaminergic neuron cell line, Prnp-SNCAA53T mice, and brain slices from PD and DLB patients were used to determine the efficacy of GV-971 in ameliorating α-syn pathology. Measurements of motor functions, including pole, cylinder, and rotarod tests, were conducted on Prnp-SNCAA53T mice 4 weeks after intragastric administration of GV-971 (200 mg day-1 kg-1 ). RESULTS GV-971 effectively prevented α-syn aggregation and even disassembled pre-aggregated α-syn fibrils, in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, GV-971 was able to rescue α-syn-induced neuronal damage and reduced release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), likely via modulating Alix expression. In the Prnp-SNCAA53T mouse model, when treated at the age of 5 months, GV-971 significantly decreased α-syn deposition in the cortex, midbrain, and cerebellum regions, along with ameliorating the motor dysfunctions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that GV-971, when administered at a relatively early stage of the disease process, significantly reduced α-syn accumulation and aggregation in Prnp-SNCAA53T mice. Furthermore, GV-971 corrected α-syn-induced inhibition of EVs release in neurons, contributing to neuronal protection. Future studies are needed to further assess GV-971 as a promising disease-modifying therapy for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yu
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- National Health and Disease Human Brain Tissue Resource CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | | | - Min Shi
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Tessandra Stewart
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of PathologyPeking University Health Science Center and Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zongran Liu
- Department of PathologyPeking University Health Science Center and Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Guoyu Lan
- Department of PathologyPeking University Health Science Center and Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lifu Sheng
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Dishun Yang
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- National Health and Disease Human Brain Tissue Resource CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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28
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Sandau US, Wiedrick JT, McFarland TJ, Galasko DR, Fanning Z, Quinn JF, Saugstad JA. Analysis of the longitudinal stability of human plasma miRNAs and implications for disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2148. [PMID: 38272952 PMCID: PMC10810819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in developing clinical biomarker assays that can aid in non-invasive diagnosis and/or monitoring of human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological diseases. Yet little is known about the longitudinal stability of miRNAs in human plasma. Here we assessed the intraindividual longitudinal stability of miRNAs in plasma from healthy human adults, and the impact of common factors (e.g., hemolysis, age) that may confound miRNA data. We collected blood by venipuncture biweekly over a 3-month period from 22 research participants who had fasted overnight, isolated total RNA, then performed miRNA qPCR. Filtering and normalization of the qPCR data revealed amplification of 134 miRNAs, 74 of which had high test-retest reliability and low percentage level drift, meaning they were stable in an individual over the 3-month time period. We also determined that, of nuisance factors, hemolysis and tobacco use have the greatest impact on miRNA levels and variance. These findings support that many miRNAs show intraindividual longitudinal stability in plasma from healthy human adults, including some reported as candidate biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula S Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jack T Wiedrick
- Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Trevor J McFarland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Fanning
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julie A Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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29
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Minakawa T, Yamashita JK. Versatile extracellular vesicle-mediated information transfer: intercellular synchronization of differentiation and of cellular phenotypes, and future perspectives. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:4. [PMID: 38225584 PMCID: PMC10789073 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted significant attention as carriers in intercellular communication. The vast array of information contained within EVs is critical for various cellular activities, such as proliferation and differentiation of multiple cell types. Moreover, EVs are being employed in disease diagnostics, implicated in disease etiology, and have shown promise in tissue repair. Recently, a phenomenon has been discovered in which cellular phenotypes, including the progression of differentiation, are synchronized among cells via EVs. This synchronization could be prevalent in widespread different situations in embryogenesis and tissue organization and maintenance. Given the increasing research on multi-cellular tissues and organoids, the role of EV-mediated intercellular communication has become increasingly crucial. This review begins with fundamental knowledge of EVs and then discusses recent findings, various modes of information transfer via EVs, and synchronization of cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Minakawa
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Communication, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun K Yamashita
- Department of Cellular and Tissue Communication, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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30
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Nelson H, Qu S, Franklin JL, Liu Q, Pua HH, Vickers KC, Weaver AM, Coffey RJ, Patton JG. Extracellular RNA in oncogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. RNA Biol 2024; 21:17-31. [PMID: 39107918 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2385607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles (EVPs) are now recognized as a novel form of cell-cell communication. All cells release a wide array of heterogeneous EVPs with distinct protein, lipid, and RNA content, dependent on the pathophysiological state of the donor cell. The overall cargo content in EVPs is not equivalent to cellular levels, implying a regulated pathway for selection and export. In cancer, release and uptake of EVPs within the tumour microenvironment can influence growth, proliferation, invasiveness, and immune evasion. Secreted EVPs can also have distant, systemic effects that can promote metastasis. Here, we review current knowledge of EVP biogenesis and cargo selection with a focus on the role that extracellular RNA plays in oncogenesis and metastasis. Almost all subtypes of RNA have been identified in EVPs, with miRNAs being the best characterized. We review the roles of specific miRNAs that have been detected in EVPs and that play a role in oncogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sherman Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heather H Pua
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James G Patton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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31
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Palma C, Lai A, Scholz‐Romero K, Chittoory H, Van Haeringen B, Carrion F, Handberg A, Lappas M, Lakhani SR, McCart Reed AE, McIntyre HD, Nair S, Salomon C. Differential response of placental cells to high D-glucose and its impact on extracellular vesicle biogenesis and trafficking via small GTPase Ras-related protein RAB-7A. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e135. [PMID: 38938672 PMCID: PMC11080917 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be found in the maternal circulation throughout gestation, and their concentration, content and bioactivity are associated with pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the effect of changes in the maternal microenvironment on the mechanisms associated with the secretion of EVs from placental cells remains to be fully established. Here, we evaluated the effect of high glucose on proteins associated with the trafficking and release of different populations of EVs from placental cells. BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells were used as placental models and cultured under 5-mM D-glucose (i.e. control) or 25-mM D-glucose (high glucose). Cell-conditioned media (CCM) and cell lysate were collected after 48 h. Different populations of EVs were isolated from CCM by ultracentrifugation (i.e. pellet 2K-g, pellet 10K-g, and pellet 100K-g) and characterised by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Quantitative proteomic analysis (IDA/SWATH) and multiple reaction monitoring protocols at high resolution (MRMHR) were developed to quantify 37 proteins related to biogenesis, trafficking/release and recognition/uptake of EVs. High glucose increased the secretion of total EVs across the pellets from BeWo cells, an effect driven mainly by changes in the small EVs concentration in the CCM. Interestingly, no effect of high glucose on HTR8/SVneo cells EVs secretion was observed. High glucose induces changes in proteins associated with vesicle trafficking in BeWo cells, including Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 9 (HSPA9) and Member 8 (HSPA8). For HTR8/SVneo, altered proteins including prostaglandin F2α receptor regulatory protein (FPRP), RAB5A, RAB35, RAB5B, and RB11B, STAM1 and TSG101. These proteins are associated with the secretion and trafficking of EVs, which could explain in part, changes in the levels of circulating EVs in diabetic pregnancies. Further, we identified that proteins RAB11B, PDCD6IP, STAM, HSPA9, HSPA8, SDCBP, RAB5B, RAB5A, RAB7A and ERAP1 regulate EV release in response to high and low glucose when overexpressed in cells. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry analysis of RAB7A revealed distinct changes in placental tissues obtained from women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 6) and those with GDM (n = 6), influenced by diet or insulin treatment. High glucose regulation of proteins involved in intercellular dynamics and the trafficking of multivesicular bodies to the plasma membrane in placental cells is relevant in the context of GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Palma
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Katherin Scholz‐Romero
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Benjamin Van Haeringen
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Pathology QueenslandThe Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad del AlbaSantiagoChile
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Mercy Perinatal Research CentreMercy Hospital for WomenVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Pathology QueenslandThe Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - H. David McIntyre
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Mater Health Brisbane, Queensland and Mater ResearchThe University of QueenslandSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Lv S, Wang G, Dai L, Wang T, Wang F. Cellular and Molecular Connections Between Bone Fracture Healing and Exosomes. Physiol Res 2023; 72:565-574. [PMID: 38015756 PMCID: PMC10751053 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing is a multifaceted process that requires various phases and intercellular interactions. In recent years, investigations have been conducted to assess the feasibility of utilizing exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (EVs), to enhance and accelerate the healing process. Exosomes serve as a cargo transport platform, facilitating intercellular communication, promoting the presentation of antigens to dendritic cells, and stimulating angiogenesis. Exosomes have a special structure that gives them a special function, especially in the healing process of bone injuries. This article provides an overview of cellular and molecular processes associated with bone fracture healing, as well as a survey of existing exosome research in this context. We also discuss the potential use of exosomes in fracture healing, as well as the obstacles that must be overcome to make this a viable clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Sinopharm China Railway Engineering Corporation Central Hospital, Hefei, China.
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Larey AM, Spoerer TM, Daga KR, Morfin MG, Hynds HM, Carpenter J, Hines KM, Marklein RA. High throughput screening of mesenchymal stromal cell morphological response to inflammatory signals for bioreactor-based manufacturing of extracellular vesicles that modulate microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.19.567730. [PMID: 38014258 PMCID: PMC10680807 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.19.567730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to their immunomodulatory function, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic with the potential to treat neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This function can be mediated by secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). Despite established safety, MSC clinical translation has been unsuccessful due to inconsistent clinical outcomes resulting from functional heterogeneity. Current approaches to mitigate functional heterogeneity include 'priming' MSCs with inflammatory signals to enhance function. However, comprehensive evaluation of priming and its effects on MSC-EV function has not been performed. Clinical translation of MSC-EV therapies requires significant manufacturing scale-up, yet few studies have investigated the effects of priming in bioreactors. As MSC morphology has been shown to predict their immunomodulatory function, we screened MSC morphological response to an array of priming signals and evaluated MSC-EV identity and potency in response to priming in flasks and bioreactors. We identified unique priming conditions corresponding to distinct morphologies. These conditions demonstrated a range of MSC-EV preparation quality and lipidome, allowing us to discover a novel MSC-EV manufacturing condition, as well as gain insight into potential mechanisms of MSC-EV microglia modulation. Our novel screening approach and application of priming to MSC-EV bioreactor manufacturing informs refinement of larger-scale manufacturing and enhancement of MSC-EV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Larey
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Spoerer
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kanupriya R. Daga
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Maria G. Morfin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah M. Hynds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jana Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelly M. Hines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ross A. Marklein
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Lee JY, Lee S, Lee H, Tran TTP, Kim BC, Rhee WJ. In Situ Simultaneous Detection of Surface Protein and microRNA in Clustered Extracellular Vesicles from Cancer Cell Lines Using Flow Cytometry. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6369-6378. [PMID: 37905510 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly important in liquid biopsy for cancer because they contain multiple biomarkers, including proteins and RNAs, and circulate throughout the body. Cancer cell-derived EVs are highly heterogeneous, and multiplexed biomarker detection techniques are required to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. In addition, in situ EV biomarker detection increases the efficiency of the detection process because EVs are difficult to handle. In this study, in situ simultaneous detection of EV surface proteins, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and internal miRNA-21 (miR-21) analyzed by conventional flow cytometry was developed for a breast cancer liquid biopsy. However, the majority of EVs were not recognized by flow cytometry for biomarker detection because the size of EVs was below the detectable size range of the flow cytometer. To solve this problem, the formation of EV clusters was induced by 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE)-polyethylene glycol-DSPE during biomarker detection. Consequently, both PD-L1 and miR-21 detection signals from cancer cell-derived EVs were drastically increased, making them distinguishable from normal cell-derived EVs. The in situ simultaneous cancer biomarker detection from EV clusters analyzed by flow cytometry contributes to an increase in the sensitivity and accuracy of the EV-based liquid biopsy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Soye Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Tham Truong Phuong Tran
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Choul Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bio Materials & Process Development, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Neves KB, Rios FJ, Sevilla‐Montero J, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Exosomes and the cardiovascular system: role in cardiovascular health and disease. J Physiol 2023; 601:4923-4936. [PMID: 35306667 PMCID: PMC10953460 DOI: 10.1113/jp282054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs), are generated in the endosomal compartment of almost all eukaryotic cells. They are formed upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane and carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other cellular constituents from their parent cells. Multiple factors influence their production including cell stress and injury, humoral factors, circulating toxins, and oxidative stress. They play an important role in intercellular communication, through their ability to transfer their cargo (proteins, lipids, RNAs) from one cell to another. Exosomes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, kidney disease, and inflammatory conditions. In addition, circulating exosomes may act as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic strategies for several pathological processes. In particular exosome-containing miRNAs have been suggested as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial injury, stroke and endothelial dysfunction. They may also have therapeutic potential, acting as vectors to deliver therapies in a targeted manner, such as the delivery of protective miRNAs. Transfection techniques are in development to load exosomes with desired cargo, such as proteins or miRNAs, to achieve up-regulation in the host cell or tissue. These advances in the field have the potential to assist in the detection and monitoring progress of a disease in patients during its early clinical stages, as well as targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B. Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Francisco J. Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Javier Sevilla‐Montero
- Biomedical Research Institute La Princesa Hospital (IIS‐IP)Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma of Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
| | | | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI‐MUHC)McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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Matsui T, Sakamaki Y, Hiragi S, Fukuda M. VAMP5 and distinct sets of cognate Q-SNAREs mediate exosome release. Cell Struct Funct 2023; 48:187-198. [PMID: 37704453 DOI: 10.1247/csf.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are largely classified into two types, plasma-membrane derived sEVs and endomembrane-derived sEVs. The latter type (referred to as exosomes herein) is originated from late endosomes or multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In order to release exosomes extracellularly, MVBs must fuse with the plasma membrane, not with lysosomes. In contrast to the mechanism responsible for MVB-lysosome fusion, the mechanism underlying the MVB-plasma membrane fusion is poorly understood. Here, we systematically analyze soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family proteins and identify VAMP5 as an MVB-localized SNARE protein required for exosome release. Depletion of VAMP5 in HeLa cells impairs exosome release. Mechanistically, VAMP5 mediates exosome release by interacting with SNAP47 and plasma membrane SNARE Syntaxin 1 (STX1) or STX4 to release exosomes. VAMP5 is also found to mediate asymmetric exosome release from polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells through interaction with the distinct sets of Q-SNAREs, suggesting that VAMP5 is a general exosome regulator in both polarized cells and non-polarized cells.Key words: exosome, small extracellular vesicle (sEV), multivesicular body, SNARE, VAMP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Matsui
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Microscopy Research Support Unit Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shu Hiragi
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
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37
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El-Maradny YA, Rubio-Casillas A, Mohamed KI, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Intrinsic factors behind long-COVID: II. SARS-CoV-2, extracellular vesicles, and neurological disorders. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1466-1485. [PMID: 37801299 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
With the decline in the number of new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, the World Health Organization announced the end of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, the repercussions of this viral pandemic may remain with us for a longer period of time, as it has remodeled the lives of humankind in many ways, including social and economic. Of course, its most important repercussions remain on the human health level. Long-coronavirus disease (COVID) or post-COVID is a state for which we do not have a concrete definition, a specific international classification of diseases Code, clear diagnostic tools, or well-known effective cures as of yet. In this second article from the Intrinsic Factors behind long-COVID Series, we try to link long-COVID symptoms with their causes, starting from the nervous system. Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) play very complex and ramified roles in the bodies of both healthy and not-healthy individuals. ECVs may facilitate the entry of many bioactive molecules and pathogens into the tissues and cells of the nervous system across the blood-brain barrier. Based on the size, quantity, and quality of their cargo, ECVs are directly proportional to the pathological condition and its severity through intertwined mechanisms that evoke inflammatory immune responses typically accompanied by pathological symptoms over variable time periods according to the type of these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), El-Alamein, Egypt
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Biology Laboratory, Autlán Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Kareem I Mohamed
- Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), El-Alamein, Egypt
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bramkamp M, Scheffers DJ. Bacterial membrane dynamics: Compartmentalization and repair. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:490-501. [PMID: 37243899 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In every bacterial cell, the plasma membrane plays a key role in viability as it forms a selective barrier between the inside of the cell and its environment. This barrier function depends on the physical state of the lipid bilayer and the proteins embedded or associated with the bilayer. Over the past decade or so, it has become apparent that many membrane-organizing proteins and principles, which were described in eukaryote systems, are ubiquitous and play important roles in bacterial cells. In this minireview, we focus on the enigmatic roles of bacterial flotillins in membrane compartmentalization and bacterial dynamins and ESCRT-like systems in membrane repair and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bramkamp
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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39
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Zhou M, Zhao Y, Weber SR, Gates C, Carruthers NJ, Chen H, Liu X, Wang H, Ford M, Swulius MT, Barber AJ, Grillo SL, Sundstrom JM. Extracellular vesicles from retinal pigment epithelial cells expressing R345W-Fibulin-3 induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in recipient cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12373. [PMID: 37855063 PMCID: PMC10585439 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that expression of R345W-Fibulin-3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The purpose of the current study was to determine if extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from RPE cells expressing R345W-Fibulin-3 mutation are sufficient to induce EMT in recipient cells. ARPE-19 cells were infected with luciferase-tagged wild-type (WT)- Fibulin-3 or luciferase-tagged R345W-Fibulin-3 (R345W) using lentiviruses. EVs were isolated from the media by ultracentrifugation or density gradient ultracentrifugation. Transmission electron microscopy and cryogenic electron microscopy were performed to study the morphology of the EVs. The size distribution of EVs were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). EV cargo was analysed using LC-MS/MS based proteomics. EV-associated transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The capacity of EVs to stimulate RPE migration was evaluated by treating recipient cells with WT- or R345W-EVs. The role of EV-bound TGFβ was determined by pre-incubation of EVs with a pan-TGFβ blocking antibody or IgG control. EM imaging revealed spherical vesicles with two subpopulations of EVs: a group with diameters around 30 nm and a group with diameters over 100 nm, confirmed by NTA analysis. Pathway analysis revealed that members of the sonic hedgehog pathway were less abundant in R345W- EVs, while EMT drivers were enriched. Additionally, R345W-EVs had higher concentrations of TGFβ1 compared to control. Critically, treatment with R345W-EVs was sufficient to increase EMT marker expression, as well as cell migration in recipient cells. This EV-increased cell migration was significantly inhibited by pre-incubation of EVs with pan-TGFβ-neutralising antibody. In conclusion, the expression of R345W-Fibulin-3 alters the size and cargo of EVs, which are sufficient to enhance the rate of cell migration in a TGFβ dependent manner. These results suggest that EV-bound TGFβ plays a critical role in the induction of EMT in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of OphthalmologyPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Department of OphthalmologyPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sarah R. Weber
- Department of OphthalmologyPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Christopher Gates
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core FacilitiesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nicholas J. Carruthers
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core FacilitiesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Han Chen
- Microscopy Imaging Core FacilityPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and OncologyPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hong‐Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and OncologyPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Matthew T. Swulius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alistair J. Barber
- Department of OphthalmologyPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Stephanie L. Grillo
- Department of OphthalmologyPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jeffrey M. Sundstrom
- Department of OphthalmologyPenn State Hershey College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
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Chen X, Perry S, Wang B, Wang S, Hu J, Loxterkamp E, Dickman D, Han C. Tissue-specific knockout in Drosophila neuromuscular system reveals ESCRT's role in formation of synapse-derived extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559303. [PMID: 37808853 PMCID: PMC10557614 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific gene knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful approach for characterizing gene functions in animal development. However, this approach has been successfully applied in only a small number of Drosophila tissues. The Drosophila motor nervous system is an excellent model system for studying the biology of neuromuscular junction (NMJ). To expand tissue-specific CRISPR to the Drosophila motor system, here we present a CRISPR-mediated tissue-restricted mutagenesis (CRISPR-TRiM) toolkit for knocking out genes in motoneurons, muscles, and glial cells. We validated the efficacy of this toolkit by knocking out known genes in each tissue, demonstrated its orthogonal use with the Gal4/UAS binary expression system, and showed simultaneous knockout of multiple redundant genes. Using these tools, we discovered an essential role for SNARE pathways in NMJ maintenance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the canonical ESCRT pathway suppresses NMJ bouton growth by downregulating the retrograde Gbb signaling. Lastly, we found that axon termini of motoneurons rely on ESCRT-mediated intra-axonal membrane trafficking to lease extracellular vesicles at the NMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Chen
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sarah Perry
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shuran Wang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jiayi Hu
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Elizabeth Loxterkamp
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Dion Dickman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chun Han
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Dey A, Ghosh S, Bhuniya T, Koley M, Bera A, Guha S, Chakraborty K, Muthu S, Gorai S, Vorn R, Vadivalagan C, Anand K. Clinical Theragnostic Signature of Extracellular Vesicles in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2981-2994. [PMID: 37624044 PMCID: PMC10485905 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disability and fatality worldwide. Depending on the clinical presentation, it is a type of acquired brain damage that can be mild, moderate, or severe. The degree of patient's discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic approach, survival rates, and recurrence can all be strongly impacted by an accurate diagnosis made early on. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), along with neuroimaging (MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT scan), is a neurological assessment tools used to evaluate and categorize the severity of TBI based on the patient's level of consciousness, eye opening, and motor response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a growing domain, explaining neurological complications in a more detailed manner. EVs, in general, play a role in cellular communication. Its molecular signature such as DNA, RNA, protein, etc. contributes to the status (health or pathological stage) of the parental cell. Brain-derived EVs support more specific screening (diagnostic and prognostic) in TBI research. Therapeutic impact of EVs are more promising for aiding in TBI healing. It is nontoxic, biocompatible, and capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to transport therapeutic molecules. This review has highlighted the relationships between EVs and TBI theranostics, EVs and TBI-related clinical trials, and related research domain-associated challenges and solutions. This review motivates further exploration of associations between EVs and TBI and develops a better approach to TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Dey
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Biological Engineering, IIT Guwahati, North
Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Tiyasa Bhuniya
- Department
of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Madhurima Koley
- Chemistry
and Chemical Biology department, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Aishi Bera
- Heritage
Institute of Technology, Chowbaga, Anandapur, Kolkata 700107, India
| | - Sudeepta Guha
- Chemistry
and Chemical Biology department, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | | | - Sathish Muthu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Rush University
Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rany Vorn
- School
of Nursing and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department
of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical
Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department
of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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van de Wakker SI, Meijers FM, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Extracellular Vesicle Heterogeneity and Its Impact for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1043-1061. [PMID: 37280097 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-enclosed particles that are involved in physiologic and pathologic processes. EVs are increasingly being studied for therapeutic applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Therapeutic application of stem cell-derived EVs has shown great potential to stimulate tissue repair. However, the exact mechanisms through which they induce this effect have not been fully clarified. This may to a large extent be attributed to a lack of knowledge on EV heterogeneity. Recent studies suggest that EVs represent a heterogeneous population of vesicles with distinct functions. The heterogeneity of EVs can be attributed to differences in their biogenesis, and as such, they can be classified into distinct populations that can then be further subcategorized into various subpopulations. A better understanding of EV heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating their mechanisms of action in tissue regeneration. This review provides an overview of the latest insights on EV heterogeneity related to tissue repair, including the different characteristics that contribute to such heterogeneity and the functional differences among EV subtypes. It also sheds light on the challenges that hinder clinical translation of EVs. Additionally, innovative EV isolation techniques for studying EV heterogeneity are discussed. Improved knowledge of active EV subtypes would promote the development of tailored EV therapies and aid researchers in the translation of EV-based therapeutics to the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Within this review we discuss the differences in regenerative properties of extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations and implications of EV heterogeneity for development of EV-based therapeutics. We aim to provide new insights into which aspects are leading to heterogeneity in EV preparations and stress the importance of EV heterogeneity studies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonides Immanuel van de Wakker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Fleur Michelle Meijers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
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43
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Khosravi M, Mohammad Rahimi H, Nazari A, Baghaei K, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Shahrokh S, Sharifdini M, Torrecilhas AC, Mehryab F, Mirjalali H, Shekari F, Zali MR. Characterisation of extracellular vesicles isolated from hydatid cyst fluid and evaluation of immunomodulatory effects on human monocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2614-2625. [PMID: 37530547 PMCID: PMC10468670 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydatidosis is a disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, which involves several organs of intermediate hosts. Evidence suggests a communication between hydatid cyst (HC) and hosts via extracellular vesicles. However, a little is known about the communication between EVs derived from HC fluid (HCF) and host cells. In the current study, EVs were isolated using differential centrifugation from sheep HCF and characterized by western blot, electron microscope and size distribution analysis. The uptake of EVs by human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was evaluated. The effects of EVs on the expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), 3 and 24 h after incubation. Moreover, the cytokine level of IL-10 was evaluated in supernatant of THP-1 cell line at 3 and 24 h. EVs were successfully isolated and showed spherical shape with size distribution at 130.6 nm. After 3 h, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL1Β, IL15 and IL8) were upregulated, while after 24 h, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were decreased and IL13 gene expression showed upregulation. A statistically significant increase was seen in the levels of IL-10 after 24 h. The main mechanism of the communication between EVs derived from HCF and their host remains unclear; however, time-dependent anti-inflammatory effects in our study suggest that HC may modulate the immune responses via EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Khosravi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and ParasitologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abdoreza Nazari
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)DiademaBrazil
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyTehranIran
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of PharmacyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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44
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Zou Z, Li H, Xu G, Hu Y, Zhang W, Tian K. Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives of Exosomes as Nanocarriers in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4751-4778. [PMID: 37635911 PMCID: PMC10454833 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s417422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as natural nanocarriers, characterized with low immunogenicity, non-cytotoxicity and targeted delivery capability, which have advantages over synthetic nanocarriers. Recently, exosomes have shown great potential as diagnostic markers for diseases and are also considered as a promising cell-free therapy. Engineered exosomes have significantly enhanced the efficacy and precision of delivering therapeutic agents, and are currently being extensively employed in targeted therapeutic investigations for various ailments, including oncology, inflammatory disorders, and degenerative conditions. Particularly, engineered exosomes enable therapeutic agent loading, targeted modification, evasion of MPS phagocytosis, intelligent control, and bioimaging, and have been developed as multifunctional nano-delivery platforms in recent years. The utilization of bioactive scaffolds that are loaded with exosome delivery has been shown to substantially augment retention, extend exosome release, and enhance efficacy. This approach has advanced from conventional hydrogels to nanocomposite hydrogels, nanofiber hydrogels, and 3D printing, resulting in superior physical and biological properties that effectively address the limitations of natural scaffolds. Additionally, plant-derived exosomes, which can participate in gut flora remodeling via oral administration, are considered as an ideal delivery platform for the treatment of intestinal diseases. Consequently, there is great interest in exosomes and exosomes as nanocarriers for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and isolation methods of exosomes. Additionally, it examines the pathological and diagnostic mechanisms of exosomes in various diseases, including tumors, degenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, this review highlights the significance of gut microbial-derived exosomes. Strategies and specific applications of engineered exosomes and bioactive scaffold-loaded exosome delivery are further summarized, especially some new techniques such as large-scale loading technique, macromolecular loading technique, development of multifunctional nano-delivery platforms and nano-scaffold-loaded exosome delivery. The potential benefits of using plant-derived exosomes for the treatment of gut-related diseases are also discussed. Additionally, the challenges, opportunities, and prospects of exosome-based nanocarriers for disease diagnosis and treatment are summarized from both preclinical and clinical viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaijun Zou
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Disease, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunxiang Hu
- School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Disease, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Disease, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, People’s Republic of China
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Cuadrado-Payán E, Ramírez-Bajo MJ, Bañón-Maneus E, Rovira J, Diekmann F, Revuelta I, Cucchiari D. Physiopathological role of extracellular vesicles in alloimmunity and kidney transplantation and their use as biomarkers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154650. [PMID: 37662919 PMCID: PMC10469977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection is the leading cause of kidney graft dysfunction. The process of diagnosing it requires the performance of an invasive biopsy and subsequent histological examination. Early and sensitive biomarkers of graft damage and alloimmunity are needed to identify graft injury and eventually limit the need for a kidney biopsy. Moreover, other scenarios such as delayed graft function or interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy face the same problem. In recent years, interest has grown around extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes actively secreted by immune cells, which are intercellular communicators and have shown biological significance. This review presents their potential as biomarkers in kidney transplantation and alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cuadrado-Payán
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Ramírez-Bajo
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Insituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisenda Bañón-Maneus
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Insituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Insituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fritz Diekmann
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Insituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Insituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Cucchiari
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Zhou Y, Dong Y, Zhang A, Wu J, Sun Q. The role of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes as a novel nanobiotechnology target in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1214190. [PMID: 37662434 PMCID: PMC10470003 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), one of the most common types of stem cells, are involved in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). With the advancement of nanotechnology, exosomes, especially exosomes secreted by MSCs, have been found to play an important role in the initiation and development of tumors. In recent years, nanobiotechnology and bioengineering technology have been gradually developed to detect and identify exosomes for diagnosis and modify exosomes for tumor treatment. Several novel therapeutic strategies bioengineer exosomes to carry drugs, proteins, and RNAs, and further deliver their encapsulated cargoes to cancer cells through the properties of exosomes. The unique properties of exosomes in cancer treatment include targeting, low immunogenicity, flexibility in modification, and high biological barrier permeability. Nevertheless, the current comprehensive understanding of the roles of MSCs and their secreted exosomes in cancer development remain inadequate. It is necessary to better understand/update the mechanism of action of MSCs-secreted exosomes in cancer development, providing insights for better modification of exosomes through bioengineering technology and nanobiotechnology. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of MSCs-secreted exosomes and bioengineered exosomes in the development, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- China Medical University and Department of Pathology, Shenyang, China
| | - Aixue Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jibin Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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47
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Shelke GV, Williamson CD, Jarnik M, Bonifacino JS. Inhibition of endolysosome fusion increases exosome secretion. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209084. [PMID: 37213076 PMCID: PMC10202829 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted from cells to dispose of undegraded materials and mediate intercellular communication. A major source of exosomes is intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular endosomes that undergo exocytic fusion with the plasma membrane. An alternative fate of multivesicular endosomes is fusion with lysosomes, resulting in degradation of the intraluminal vesicles. The factors that determine whether multivesicular endosomes fuse with the plasma membrane or with lysosomes are unknown. In this study, we show that impairment of endolysosomal fusion by disruption of a pathway involving the BLOC-one-related complex (BORC), the small GTPase ARL8, and the tethering factor HOPS increases exosome secretion by preventing the delivery of intraluminal vesicles to lysosomes. These findings demonstrate that endolysosomal fusion is a critical determinant of the amount of exosome secretion and suggest that suppression of the BORC-ARL8-HOPS pathway could be used to boost exosome yields in biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D. Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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48
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Vp V, Kannan A, Perumal MK. Role of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles during the progression of liver inflammation to hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1125-1140. [PMID: 36960683 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound cargos that vary in size and are stably transported through various bodily fluids. Extracellular vesicles communicate information between the cells and organs. Extracellular vesicles from the diseased cells alter cellular responses of the recipient cells contributing to disease progression. In obesity, adipocytes become hypertrophic and the extracellular vesicles from these dysfunctional adipocytes showed altered cargo contents instigating pathophysiological response leading to chronic liver diseases. In this review, the role of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles on the progression of liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are extensively discussed. Newer approaches are crucial to take advantage of extracellular vesicles and their content as biomarkers to diagnose initial liver inflammation before reaching to an irreversible liver failure stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateish Vp
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anbarasu Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Madan Kumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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49
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Rojas‐Gómez A, Dosil SG, Chichón FJ, Fernández‐Gallego N, Ferrarini A, Calvo E, Calzada‐Fraile D, Requena S, Otón J, Serrano A, Tarifa R, Arroyo M, Sorrentino A, Pereiro E, Vázquez J, Valpuesta JM, Sánchez‐Madrid F, Martín‐Cófreces NB. Chaperonin CCT controls extracellular vesicle production and cell metabolism through kinesin dynamics. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12333. [PMID: 37328936 PMCID: PMC10276179 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proteostasis includes gene transcription, protein translation, folding of de novo proteins, post-translational modifications, secretion, degradation and recycling. By profiling the proteome of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from T cells, we have found the chaperonin complex CCT, involved in the correct folding of particular proteins. By limiting CCT cell-content by siRNA, cells undergo altered lipid composition and metabolic rewiring towards a lipid-dependent metabolism, with increased activity of peroxisomes and mitochondria. This is due to dysregulation of the dynamics of interorganelle contacts between lipid droplets, mitochondria, peroxisomes and the endolysosomal system. This process accelerates the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies leading to higher EV production through the dynamic regulation of microtubule-based kinesin motors. These findings connect proteostasis with lipid metabolism through an unexpected role of CCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Rojas‐Gómez
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Sara G. Dosil
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Francisco J. Chichón
- Cryoelectron Microscopy UnitCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Department of Macromolecular StructureCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Nieves Fernández‐Gallego
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Alessia Ferrarini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Diego Calzada‐Fraile
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Silvia Requena
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Joaquin Otón
- Structural Studies DivisionMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- ALBA Synchrotron Light SourceBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alvaro Serrano
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Rocio Tarifa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Montserrat Arroyo
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | | | | | - Jesus Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - José M. Valpuesta
- Department of Macromolecular StructureCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Francisco Sánchez‐Madrid
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Noa B. Martín‐Cófreces
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
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50
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Koo D, Cheng X, Udani S, Zhu D, Li J, Hall B, Tsubamoto N, Hu S, Ko J, Cheng K, Di Carlo D. Optimizing Cell Therapy by Sorting Cells with High Extracellular Vesicle Secretion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.29.542772. [PMID: 37398351 PMCID: PMC10312470 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.542772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Critical challenges remain in clinical translation of extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapeutics due to the absence of methods to enrich cells with high EV secretion. Current cell sorting methods are limited to surface markers that are uncorrelated to EV secretion or therapeutic potential. We developed a nanovial technology for enrichment of millions of single cells based on EV secretion. This approach was applied to select mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with high EV secretion as therapeutic cells for improving treatment. The selected MSCs exhibited distinct transcriptional profiles associated with EV biogenesis and vascular regeneration and maintained high levels of EV secretion after sorting and regrowth. In a mouse model of myocardial infarction, treatment with high-secreting MSCs improved heart functions compared to treatment with low-secreting MSCs. These findings highlight the therapeutic importance of EV secretion in regenerative cell therapies and suggest that selecting cells based on EV secretion could enhance therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Koo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University; Chapel Hill, NC 27599, and Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Shreya Udani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University; Chapel Hill, NC 27599, and Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Junlang Li
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University; Chapel Hill, NC 27599, and Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Brian Hall
- Cytek Biosciences; Fremont, CA 94538, USA
| | - Natalie Tsubamoto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University; Chapel Hill, NC 27599, and Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jina Ko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University; Chapel Hill, NC 27599, and Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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